Mr Neil Joyce v The Commissioner for Public  
Employment [2022] FWC 1000 (8 July 2022)  
Last Updated: 8 July 2022  
Fair Work Act 2009  
s.394 - Application for unfair dismissal remedy  
Mr Neil Joyce  
v
The Commissioner for Public Employment  
(U2021/11411)  
COMMISSIONER RIORDAN SYDNEY, 8 JULY 2022  
Application for an unfair dismissal remedy.  
[1] On 9 December 2021, Mr Neil Joyce (the Applicant) filed an application (the  
Application) with the Fair Work Commission (the Commission) seeking a remedy  
for an alleged unfair dismissal pursuant to section 394 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (the  
FW Act). The Applicant was dismissed by the Commissioner for Public Employment  
(the Respondent) on 30 November 2021 on the basis that he was not able to perform  
the inherent requirements of his job.  
[2] The Applicant was employed by the Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service  
(NTFRS) as a Firefighter from March 2011 until his dismissal on 30 November 2021.  
The Applicant’s employment was covered by the Northern Territory Public Sector Fire  
and Rescue Service 2017 - 2021 Enterprise Agreement.  
[3] The Applicant seeks reinstatement.  
[4] On 18 March 2020, a public health emergency was declared in the Northern  
Territory as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.  
[5] On 13 October 2021, the Northern Territory Chief Health Officer announced  
COVID-19 Directions (No. 55) 2021 (CHO Direction No. 55) which came into effect  
on 12 November 2021, directing for mandatory vaccination of certain workers to attend  
the workplace. These directions applied to the following workers:  
(a) a worker who, during the course of work, is likely to come into contact with a  
vulnerable person;  
(b) a worker who is at risk of infection with CoVID-I9 because the worker, during  
the course of work, is likely to come into contact with a person or thing that poses a  
risk of infection;  
(c) a worker whose workplace poses a high risk of infection with COVID-19;  
(d) a worker who performs work that is necessary for the operation or maintenance  
of essential infrastructure or essential logistics in the Territory.  
[6] These directions provided that for the period starting on 13 November 2021, a  
worker who had not received the first dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccination must  
not attend the worker’s workplace. On and from 24 December 2021, a worker who had  
not received two doses of an approved COVID-19 vaccine must not attend the worker’s  
workplace.  
[7] These directions applied unless the worker could provide evidence of a  
contraindication to all approved COVID-19 vaccines.  
[8] On 13 October 2021, Ms Jodie Ryan, Chief Executive Officer, Department of the  
Chief Minister and Cabinet, Northern Territory Government, wrote to all Northern  
Territory Public Service (NTPS) employees regarding CHO Direction No. 55 and  
confirming the requirement that all staff receive the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine  
by 13 November 2021 and to be fully vaccinated by 24 December 2021. The email  
correspondence noted the exemption for a proven contraindication.  
[9] On 22 October 2021, Ms Vicki Telfer PSM, Commissioner for Public Employment,  
wrote to all Northern Territory Government staff, advising of, among other things, the  
requirement for employees’ vaccination statuses to be registered with their employer a  
week in advance of the due dates. A ‘myHR’ system had been developed for registering  
these details.  
[10] On 22 October 2021, Mr Jamie Chalker, Commissioner of Police and CEO, wrote to  
all Northern Territory Police, Fire and Emergencies Services (NTPFES) staff regarding  
Mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for all NTPFES workers. The correspondence  
provided that due to the nature of their work, all NTPFES workers were subject to the  
mandatory vaccination criteria directed by CHO Direction No. 55. It provided that all  
NTPFES workers were required to receive their first dose of an approved COVID-19  
vaccination by 13 November 2021, and their second dose of an approved COVID-19  
vaccination by 25 December 2021.  
[11] Various internal broadcasts followed these communications, providing further  
information and clarification regarding the vaccination mandate.  
[12] On 11 November 2021, the Applicant provided a medical certificate to his employer,  
which outlined that he was unfit to attend work from 11 November 2021 to 25 November  
2021.  
[13] On 12 November 2021, Mr Mark Spain, Chief Fire Officer (CFO), sent the following  
letter to the Applicant:  
RE: INABILITY TO PERFORM DUTIES - FAILURE OR REFUSAL TO RECEIVE APPROVED  
COVID-19 VACCINATION  
I am writing to you, pursuant to section 44 of the Public Sector Employment and Management  
Act 1993 (the Act), to advise you that I suspect that there are "inability or performance  
grounds" which exist in respect to your employment.  
In particular, with reference to sections 44(1)(a) and (b) of the Act, I suspect that you are not  
able and/or not suitable to perform the duties assigned to you.  
Particulars  
The basis upon which I suspect there may be inability and performance grounds for your  
employment are as follows:  
(a) You are an ongoing employee of the Department working as a Firefighter  
Chief Health Officer Directions No. 55 2021  
(b) On 13 October 2021, the Northern Territory Chief Health Officer issued  
"COVID-19 Directions (No. 55) 2021: Directions for mandatory vaccination of  
workers to attend the workplace" (CHO Directions No. 55).  
(c) CHO Directions No. 55 took effect at 12:00 noon on 13 October 2021 and  
remain in force.  
(d) Direction 4 of CHO Directions No. 55 provide that the Directions apply to  
workers:  
(i) who during the course of work, are likely to come into contact with a vulnerable  
person;  
(ii) who are at risk of infection with COVID-19 because the workers, during the  
course of work, are likely to come into contact with a person or thing that poses a  
risk of infection;  
(iii) whose workplace poses a high risk of infection with COVID-19; or  
(iv) who perform work that is necessary for the operation or maintenance of  
essential infrastructure or essential logistics in the Territory; and  
(e) I am satisfied that Direction 4 of CHO Directions No. 55 applies to your  
workplace because categories (i), (ii) and (iii) above  
(f) Direction 6 of CHO Directions No. 55 provides that:  
For the period starting on 13 November 2021 and ending on 24 December 2021, a worker who  
has not received the first dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine must not attend the worker's  
workplace.  
(g) Direction 10 of CHO Directions No. 55 relevantly provides that:  
A person conducting a business or undertaking must ensure that any worker who performs  
work for the person must not attend the worker's workplace contrary to direction 6.  
Direction to Advise Vaccination Status  
(h) On 22 October 2021, the Chief Executive Officer:  
(i) published the Northern Territory Police Fire and Emergency Services COVID-19  
Vaccination Instruction and Policy; and  
(ii) notified you and all workers at the Northern Territory Police Fire and  
Emergency Services that CHO Directions No. 55 applied to your workplace.  
(i) On 26 October 2021:  
i. the Chief Executive Officer directed You and all workers at Your workplace to advise  
their vaccination status by no later than 2 November 2021 (Direction 1 of 2021); and  
ii. You were sent a reminder of this direction on 5 November 2021 and 10 November 2021.  
(j) On 12 November 2021, you advised Mr Eric Koomen that you had  
not received the first dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine and you  
did not intend to do so before 13 November 2021.  
(k) On 10 November 2021, you were directed not to attend your workplace until  
further notice  
(l) As at 12 November 2021, you had not entered any COVID-19 vaccination  
information into the myHR Vaccination register  
(m) For the reasons set out in particulars (a) to (l) above, CHO Directions No. 55  
require that you must not attend your workplace, and I must ensure that you do  
not do so.  
(n) I am not able to provide you with suitable alternate duties in a workplace that is  
not subject to CHO Directions No. 55.  
As you are not able to perform your duties in any reasonably available workplace, I have  
reasonable grounds to suspect that there are inability and performance grounds in relation to  
your employment because:  
1. you are not able to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(a) of the Act;  
and/or  
2. you are not suited to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(b) of the Act.  
However, before I make a decision in that regard, I invite you to make  
submissions to me as to whether you agree with my suspicion, or provide me  
with any comments you may have in relation to the matters set out in particulars  
(a) to (n) above.  
Your submissions should be in writing and must reach me no later than close of business  
Thursday 18 November 2021 after you receive this letter.  
Suspension Pending Investigation  
On the basis of the material set out above, I am of the opinion that the suspected inability or  
performance grounds are of such a serious nature that you should not perform the duties you  
have been assigned to perform pending the making of a final decision. Pursuant to section 47  
of the Act I foreshadow an intention to suspend you from duty, with remuneration, for a  
period of 3 months or until the suspension otherwise ceases in accordance with section 47(4)  
of the Act.  
However, before I take action to suspend you, I invite you to make a submission to me in  
relation to the foreshadowed intention to suspend you from your duties, including whether  
any suspension should be with or without remuneration. Your submissions should be in  
writing and must reach me no later than close of business Tuesday 16 November 2021.  
You are not required to attend for duty while you prepare your submissions and I encourage  
you to take this time to consider and prepare your submissions. Your IT and building access  
will be suspended from midnight Friday 12 November 2021. If you require access to your pay  
slips or other personnel information please contact DCDD Workforce Services via email  
[redacted] or phone [redacted].  
I enclose for your information copies of:  
Direction 1 of 2021 from CEO NTPFES;  
CHO Directions No. 55;  
Part 7 of the Act;  
Employment Instruction No. 3 - Natural Justice; and  
Employment Instruction No. 6 - Performance and Inability.  
Mr Mark Spain  
Chief Fire Officer  
12 November 2021”  
(My emphasis)  
[14] On 17 November 2021, CFO Spain wrote to the Applicant suspending him from  
duty with remuneration:  
RE: Notice of suspension from duty with remuneration  
that you are not able to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(a) of the  
Act; and/or  
that you are not suited to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(b) of the  
Act.  
I have not received any response from you and consequently, in accordance with section 47 of  
the Act I have decided to suspend you from duty with remuneration for the reasons set out in  
my previous correspondence.  
Your suspension will take effect immediately from the date of this letter and will remain in  
place pending the making of a final decision in relation to the suspected inability and  
performance grounds.  
If you want to make a further submission in respect to the particulars as outlined  
in my previous correspondence, please do by Monday 22 November 2021, to  
email: [redacted]. I will write to you further, to foreshadow my intentions with  
regard to your employment by 24 November 2021. In this next correspondence, I  
will take into account all submissions received.  
My previous directions to you continue to apply.  
If you are aggrieved by my decision you may request a review of the action by the  
Commissioner for Public Employment in accordance with section 59(1)(b) of the Act.  
Grievances may lodged at [redacted] within 3 months of your receipt of this letter.  
Public Sector Appeals and Grievance Reviews may be contacted for advice on [redacted].  
...  
Yours sincerely  
Mr Mark Spain AFSM  
Chief Fire Officer  
17 November 2021”  
(My emphasis)  
[15] The Applicant provided a written submission to CFO Spain on 18 November 2021  
by email:  
I write with regard to the matter of a potential COVID vaccine and my desire to be fully  
informed and appraised of all facts before going ahead. I have been working diligently and  
loyalty in the NTPFES for the past 18 years. Before that I worked for 4 years as a Tour Guide in  
the Top End working closely with international travellers and Traditional Owners of various  
communities. I have also served as an Infantry Soldier for my country for 4 years.  
I have emailed W/C Koomen on a couple occasions with my concerns and request for further  
information, but he was unable to answer my questions. I did inform W/C Koomen that I was  
not able to fill out vaccination status because no options were available to my situation.  
Furthermore the letter I received on Monday 12/11/2021, bottom of the 2nd page states  
submissions should reach you no later than close of business Thursday 18 November 2021  
which is today. I have highlighted and attached document. On the letter I received yesterday  
I'm addressed as Ms Joyce.  
I would be most grateful if you could please provide the following information in accordance  
with statutory legal requirements.  
1. Can you please advise me with documentation of the approved legal status of the vaccine  
and if it is experimental.  
2. Can you please provide details and assurances that the vaccine has been fully  
independently and rigorously tested against controlled groups and the subsequent  
documented outcomes of those tests.  
3. Can you provide the full contents of the vaccines I am to receive and if any are toxic to  
the body.  
4. Can you please fully advise of all the adverse reactions of these vaccines.  
5. Can you please confirm that I will not be under any duress from yourself as my employer  
in compliance with the Nuremberg Code.  
6. Can you please advise me of the likely risk of fatality, should I be unfortunate to contract  
CoVID-19 and the likelihood of recovery  
7. Can you please provide documentation of the isolation of the CoVID-19 and any variants.  
Once I have received the above information in full and I am satisfied that there is no threat to  
my health I will be happy to accept your offer to receive the treatment but with conditions  
namely that:  
1. You will confirm that I will suffer no harm.  
2. Following acceptance of this, the offer must be signed by a fully qualified doctor who will  
take full legal and financial responsibility for any injuries occurring to myself, now and  
in the future.  
3. In the event that I should have to decline the offer of vaccination, that I will not  
compromise my position and that I will not suffer prejudice and discrimination as a  
result.  
I would also advise that my inalienable rights are reserved.  
This is my submission.  
Regards  
[16] On 19 November 2021, CFO Spain wrote to the Applicant, foreshadowing an  
intention to terminate the Applicant’s employment:  
I refer to my letter dated 12 November 2021 in which I notified you that I suspected there are  
reasonable grounds for me to be satisfied that there are inability or performance grounds  
under section 44(1)(b) of the Public Sector Employment and Management Act 1993 (the Act)  
in relation to your employment as a Firefighter.  
In the correspondence I detailed the inability and performance grounds and invited you to  
provide a submission to me as to whether you agree with my suspicion, or provide me with  
any comments you may have in relation to the matters set out in the particulars. The relevant  
inability and performance grounds are:  
that you are not able to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(a) of the  
Act; and/or  
that you are not suited to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(b) of the  
Act.  
On 18 November 2021 I received your submission in response to my letter dated 17 November  
2021, in which you did not address my view that inability or performance grounds exist.  
In your submission you have requested additional information to assist in determining  
whether you will comply with the CHO Direction No. 55 of 2021. The information you have  
requested would be best placed with your treating Doctor to address, given the nature of the  
information you have requested is medical related.  
I have carefully considered your submission; however, I remain of the view that, because you  
have failed to update your COVID-19 vaccination status in myHR, and you do not have a  
contraindication to all approved vaccines:  
you are not permitted to enter your workplace;  
I must not permit you to enter your workplace;  
you are unable to perform the duties assigned to you, until such time as you can comply  
with CHO Direction No. 55 of 2021; and  
no alternative duties are reasonably available.  
Having determined that there are inability or performance grounds, I must now consider what  
is reasonable and appropriate action to take in the circumstances and in light of the actions  
available to me under section 46(1) of the Act (attached).  
Having given serious consideration to all of the above matters and the actions available to me  
under 46(1) of the Act, I hereby foreshadow my intention to terminate your employment  
pursuant to section 46(1)(c) of the Act.  
Before I take action to terminate your employment, I invite you to make a  
submission to me in relation to the foreshadowed intention to terminate your  
employment. Your submissions should be in writing and must reach me no later  
than close of business 25 November 2021. I will write to you further, to confirm  
my actions by 29 November 2021. In making my final decision, I will take into  
account any submission received.  
Further, I refer to my letter dated 17 November 2021 where I advised that I decided to  
suspend you from duty with remuneration until a final decision in relation to the suspected  
inability and performance grounds. Having now decided that there are inability or  
performance grounds, and having foreshadowed my intention to terminate your employment,  
I am now foreshadowing my intention to suspend you from duty without remuneration  
pursuant with section 47(2)(b) of the Act, until a final decision is made in relation to the  
action I take. You may wish to use your recreation leave or long service leave entitlements  
during this period.  
Before I take action to suspend you from duties without remuneration, I invite  
you to make a submission to me in relation to the foreshadowed intention to  
suspend you from duties without remuneration. Your submissions should be in  
writing and must reach me no later than close of business 22 November 2021.  
My previous directions to you continue to apply.  
Available Support  
...  
Mr Mark Spain AFSM  
Chief Fire Officer  
19 November 2021”  
(My emphasis)  
[17] On 23 November 2021 CFO Spain further wrote to the Applicant:  
RE: Notice of suspension from duty without remuneration  
I refer to my letter dated 19 November 2021 in which I invited you to respond to why you  
should not be suspended from duty without remuneration, under section 47 of the Public  
Sector Employment and Management Act 1993 (the Act) in relation to the following inability  
and performance grounds:  
that you are not able to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(a) of the  
Act; and/or  
that you are not suited to perform the duties assigned to you - for section 44(1)(b) of the  
Act.  
I have now carefully considered the material before me, including your response dated 23  
November 2021; noting this was received after the submission due date, that being close of  
business 22 November 2021.  
I note in particular your view that you should be paid sick leave "... in relation to a number of  
other health matters, not matters pertaining to contraindication pertaining to COVID19 (sic)."  
Section 47(5) of the Act does not provide for access to personal (sick) leave where an employee  
is suspended pending a decision. I refer you to my correspondence dated 17 November 2021 in  
which you were suspended, effective immediately, with remuneration. Therefore, I am unable  
approve the use of personal leave during the period of your suspension.  
You further advised "As I am now not working physically in the workplace and nor dealing  
with clients (sic) stakeholders and or other employees and nor vulnerable persons in the  
workplace, I am not contravening and I am comply with COVID19 Directions (Number 55)  
2021 issued by the Northern Territory Government Chief Health Officer."  
I take this opportunity to remind you that the Fire and Emergency Act 1996 (NT), in which the  
Chief Fire Officer may enact powers under Section 9, would allow for a recall to duty should  
the workforce be impacted by an outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore I require all employees,  
irrespective of their current leave arrangements, to be compliant with the CHO Direction No.  
55 in order to perform the duties assigned to you.  
Having now carefully considered your response, I am satisfied, that based on the information  
before me, you have not complied and do not intend to comply with CHO Direction No. 55.  
In accordance with section 47 of the Act, I have decided to suspend you from duty without  
remuneration as I am of the opinion that, because you have failed to update your COVID-19  
vaccination status in myHR and you do not have a contraindication to all such approved  
vaccines:  
you are not permitted to enter your workplace;  
I must not permit you to enter your workplace;  
you are unable to perform the duties assigned to you, until such time as you can comply  
with CHO Direction No. 55 of 2021; and  
no alternative duties are reasonably available.  
Your suspension will take effect immediately from the date of this letter and will remain in  
place pending a final decision in relation to the foreshadowed action to terminate your  
employment. You may wish to use your recreation leave or long service leave entitlements  
during this period.  
During your suspension you are directed to not attend the workplace or any other  
departmental workplace in relation to the performance of your duties.  
While this inability process is ongoing I direct you to make yourself available for the purpose  
of assisting with any investigations or inquiries relating to this matter.  
You are further reminded that your obligations under the Code of Conduct continue to apply  
throughout and following the conclusion of this process.  
It is anticipated that I will make a final decision no later than Monday 29 November 2021.  
Available Support  
...  
Yours sincerely  
Mr Mark Spain AFSM  
Chief Fire Officer  
[18] The Applicant provided the Respondent with a medical certificate dated 25  
November 2021, stating that he was unfit to attend work from 25 November 2021 to 8  
December 2021.  
[19] The Applicant was terminated with immediate effect on 30 November 2021:  
RE: Termination of Employment - Inability to Perform Your Duties  
My letter also foreshadowed my intention to terminate your employment in the NT Public  
Sector, under section 46(1)(c) of the Act, and invited you to make submissions as to why I  
should not take that action.  
I have now carefully considered the material before me, including your response dated 23  
November 2021; noting this was received after the submission due date, that being close of  
business 22 November 2021.  
I note in particular your view that you should be paid sick leave "... in relation to a number of  
other health matters, not matters pertaining to contraindication pertaining to COVID19 (sic)."  
As I outlined in my letter dated 23 November 2021 Section 47(5) of the Act does not provide  
for access to personal (sick) leave where an employee is suspended pending a decision. I  
referred you to my correspondence dated 17 November 2021 in which you were suspended,  
effective immediately, with remuneration. Therefore, I was unable approve the use of personal  
leave during the period of your suspension.  
You further advised 'As I am now not working physically in the workplace and nor dealing  
with clients (sic) stakeholders and or other employees and nor vulnerable persons in the  
workplace, I am not contravening and I am comply with COVID19 Directions (Number 55)  
2021 issued by the Northern Territory Government Chief Health Officer. "  
As I outlined in my letter dated 23 November 2021, NTFRS members may be recalled to duty  
and therefore I require all employees, irrespective of their current leave arrangements, to be  
compliant with the CHO Direction No. 55 in order to perform the duties assigned to you.  
Having given the matter careful consideration, I maintain my earlier findings that because:  
1. You have not received the first dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine, Directions 6 and  
10 of CHO Directions No. 55 of 2021 require that you must not attend your workplace,  
and I must not allow you to do so; and  
2. I am not able to provide you with suitable alternate duties in a workplace that is not  
subject to CHO Directions No. 55 of 2021  
you are not able to perform the inherent requirements of your duties, under section 44(1)(a) of  
the Act, and/or you are not suited to perform the inherent requirements of your duties, under  
section 44(1)(b) of the Act.  
As you have not provided evidence that you have received the first dose of an approved  
COVID-19 vaccine I remain satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that the only reasonable and  
appropriate remedial action available to me is to terminate your employment under section  
46(I)(c) of the Act.  
Pursuant to section 46(1)(c) of the Act, I hereby terminate your employment in the NT Public  
Sector with effect from the date of this letter.  
Under section 59A of the Act you may appeal against my decision. Any appeal must be lodged  
within 14 days after you receive this letter with:  
[redacted]  
If you would prefer, you may wish to make make (sic) an unfair dismissal application to the  
Fair Work Commission. More information is available at: ...  
Yours sincerely  
Mr Mark Spain AFSM  
Chief Fire Officer  
[20] The matter was listed for Hearing by Microsoft Teams on 5 April 2022.  
[21] The Applicant appeared on his own behalf at the Hearing, with Ms Kumnick, his  
mother, present as a support person. The Respondent was represented by Mr Brian  
Mappas, Employee Relations Manager Office of the Commissioner for Public  
Employment Northern Territory Government.  
[22] The Applicant appeared and gave evidence on his own behalf. On behalf of the  
Respondent, Mr Mark Spain, Chief Fire Officer, appeared and gave evidence.  
[23] Further, the Applicant notified the Commission on 29 April 2022 advising that the  
Respondent had breached the Agreement in relation to minimum manning on 19 March  
2022 at Alice Springs, where a shift was conducted without any off duty firefighters  
being compulsorily called in to work.  
[24] The Hearing was re-commenced on 30 May 2022 to ascertain the accuracy of this  
information.  
[25] The relevant sections of the FW Act relating to an unfair dismissal application are:  
“396 Initial matters to be considered before merits  
The FWC must decide the following matters relating to an application for an order under  
Division4 before considering the merits of the application:ꢀ  
(a) whether the application was made within the period required in subsection394(2);ꢀ  
(b) whether the person was protected from unfair dismissal;ꢀ  
(c) whether the dismissal was consistent with the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code;ꢀ  
(d) whether the dismissal was a case of genuine redundancy.ꢀ  
381 Object of this Partꢀ  
(1) The object of this Part is:ꢀ  
(a) to establish a framework for dealing with unfair dismissal that balances:ꢀ  
(i) the needs of business (including small business); andꢀ  
(ii) the needs of employees; andꢀ  
(b) to establish procedures for dealing with unfair dismissal that:ꢀ  
(i) are quick, flexible and informal; andꢀ  
(ii) address the needs of employers and employees; andꢀ  
(c) to provide remedies if a dismissal is found to be unfair, with an emphasis on  
reinstatement.ꢀ  
(2) The procedures and remedies referred to in paragraphs (1)(b) and (c), and the manner of  
deciding on and working out such remedies, are intended to ensure that a “fair go all round” is  
accorded to both the employer and employee concerned.ꢀ  
Note: The expression “fair go all round” was used by Sheldon J inin re Loty and Holloway v  
Australian Workers’ Union[1971] AR (NSW) 95.ꢀ  
382 When a person is protected from unfair dismissalꢀ  
A person is protected from unfair dismissal at a time if, at that time:ꢀ  
(a) the person is an employee who has completed a period of employment with his or her  
employer of at least the minimum employment period; andꢀ  
(b) one or more of the following apply:ꢀ  
(i) a modern award covers the person;ꢀ  
(ii) an enterprise agreement applies to the person in relation to the employment;ꢀ  
(iii) the sum of the person’s annual rate of earnings, and such other amounts (if any) worked  
out in relation to the person in accordance with the regulations, is less than the high income  
threshold.  
384 Period of employment  
(1) An employee’speriod of employmentwith an employer at a particular time is the period of  
continuous service the employee has completed with the employer atthat time as an  
employee.ꢀ  
(2) However:  
(a) a period of service as a casual employee does not count towards the employee’s period of  
employment unless:  
(i) the employment as a casual employee was on a regular and systematic basis; andꢀ  
(ii) during the period of service as a casual employee, the employee had a reasonable  
expectation of continuing employment by the employer on a regular and systematic basis; andꢀ  
(b) if:  
(i) the employee is a transferring employee in relation to a transfer of business from an old  
employer to a new employer; and  
(ii) the old employer and the new employer are not associated entities when the employee  
becomes employed by the new employer; and  
(iii) the new employer informed the employee in writing before the new employment started  
that a period of service with the old employer would not be recognised; the period of service  
with the old employer does not count towards the employee’s period of employment with the  
new employer.  
385 What is an unfair dismissalꢀ  
A person has been unfairly dismissed if the FWC is satisfied that:  
(a) the person has been dismissed; andꢀ  
(b) the dismissal was harsh, unjust or unreasonable; and  
(c) the dismissal was not consistent with the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code; andꢀ  
(d) the dismissal was not a case of genuine redundancy.  
see section 388.ꢀ  
387 Criteria for considering harshness etc.  
In considering whether it is satisfied that a dismissal was harsh, unjust or unreasonable, the  
FWC must take into account:  
(a) whether there was a valid reason for the dismissal related to the person’s capacity or  
conduct (including its effect on the safety and welfare of other employees); and  
(b) whether the person was notified of that reason; andꢀ  
(c) whether the person was given an opportunity to respond to any reason related to the  
capacity or conduct of the person; andꢀ  
(d) any unreasonable refusal by the employer to allow the person to have a support person  
present to assist at any discussions relating to dismissal; andꢀ  
(e) if the dismissal related to unsatisfactory performance by the person— whether the person  
had been warned about that unsatisfactory performance before the dismissal; andꢀ  
(f) the degree to which the size of the employer’s enterprise would be likely to impact on the  
procedures followed in effecting the dismissal; andꢀ  
(g) the degree to which the absence of dedicated human resource management specialists or  
expertise in the enterprise would be likely to impact on the procedures followed in effecting  
the dismissal; and  
(h) any other matters that the FWC considers relevant.”  
[26] The relevant section of the Public Sector Employment and Management Act 1993  
(NT) (PSEM Act) as cited by the Respondent is as follows:  
“47 Employee may be suspended pending decision  
(1) This section applies if the Chief Executive Officer of an Agency:  
(a) suspects there are inability or performance grounds for an employee in the  
Agency; and  
(b) has not yet made a decision under section 44(2); and  
(c) is of the opinion that the suspected inability or performance grounds are of  
such a serious nature that the employee should not continue performing the duties  
he or she is assigned to perform pending the making of that decision.  
(2) The Chief Executive Officer may suspend the employee:  
(a) for a period or periods not exceeding a total of 6 months; and  
(b) with or without remuneration.  
(3) The Commissioner may:  
(a) extend the period of the suspension for any further period or periods the  
Commissioner thinks fit; or  
(b) if the suspension imposed by the Chief Executive Officer has lapsed or been  
revoked – resuspend the employee for any further period or periods the  
Commissioner thinks fit.  
(4) A suspension ceases when any of the following occurs:  
(a) the period of the suspension expires;  
(b) the Chief Executive Officer makes a decision under section 44(2);  
(c) the Chief Executive Officer or Commissioner revokes the suspension.  
(5) An employee who is suspended under this section:  
(a) does not accrue any leave for the period of the suspension; but  
(b) may, during the period of the suspension, take any long service or recreation  
leave to which the employee was entitled at the time the suspension was imposed.  
(6) If the Chief Executive Officer makes a decision under section 44(2) in relation to an  
employee suspended under this section:  
(a) the employee must be credited with any leave that would have accrued to the  
employee for the period of the suspension had the employee not been suspended;  
and  
(b) if the suspension was without remuneration for any period – the employee  
must be paid the remuneration to which the employee would have been entitled for  
that period had the employee not been suspended; and  
(c) if the employee took leave as mentioned in subsection (5)(b) – the employee  
must be re-credited with the leave so taken.  
(7) Subsection (6) does not apply if the employee's employment is terminated under section  
46(1)(c).”  
[27] The relevant section of the Fire and Emergency Act 1996 (NT) as cited by the  
Respondent is as follows:  
“9 Powers and functions of Chief Fire Officer  
(1) Subject to the directions of the Director, the Chief Fire Officer has operational  
responsibility for the Fire and Rescue Service.  
(2) The Chief Fire Officer has power to do all things that are necessary or convenient to be  
done for or in connection with or incidental to the performance of his or her functions and the  
exercise of his or her powers.”  
Applicant’s Submissions  
[28] The Applicant relied on his Form F2 – Unfair dismissal application as satisfying  
his submissions in this matter.  
[29] The Applicant submitted that a valid reason for dismissal must also be objectively  
valid. The reason must be “defensible or justifiable on an objective analysis of the  
[1]  
relevant facts”. The Applicant submitted that a valid reason for the purposes of  
s.387(a) of the FW Act is a reason which is “sound, defensible or well-founded” rather  
[2]  
than “capricious, fanciful, spiteful or prejudiced”.  
[30] The Applicant submitted that his dismissal was harsh, unjust, unfair and was  
invalid. The Applicant submitted that his dismissal was effected based on a template  
‘one size fits all’ approach which was erroneous and made without diligent consideration  
of all relevant facts. Further, the Applicant submitted that the Respondent engaged in  
serious mismanagement and made a flawed and unlawful decision.  
[31] The Applicant submitted that the Northern Territory Fire and Rescue Service  
(NTFRS) was aware, via his medical certificates, that from 10 November 2021 to 8  
December 2021, he was on sick leave in compliance with section 97 and 352 of the FW  
Act. The Applicant submitted that he had provided two medical certificates confirming  
that he was on legitimate sick leave from 10 November 2021 to 8 December 2021. The  
Applicant submitted that the CHO Direction No. 55 could not override sections 97(a),  
107 and 352 of the FW Act.  
[32] The Applicant submitted that his ‘sick leave certificates’ were in relation to a  
number of other health matters and not matters pertaining to a contraindication to a  
COVID-19 vaccination, and therefore his employer was still obligated to honour those  
medical certificates in compliance with sections 97(a) and 352 of the FW Act.  
[33] However, the Applicant submitted that the Respondent was operating under the  
‘mistaken and misguided’ belief that because the medical certificates were not pertaining  
to a contraindication to the COVID-19 vaccine, they were somehow ‘illegitimate medical  
certificates’ and did not comply with section 97(a) of the FW Act. The Applicant  
submitted this was nonsensical and wrong at law, constituting serious mismanagement  
by the Respondent.  
[34] For completeness, the Applicant extracted the relevant sections of the Act as  
follows:  
97 Taking paid personal/carer’s leave  
An employee may take paid personal/carer’s leave if the leave is taken:  
(a) because the employee is not fit for work because of a personal illness, or personal injury,  
affecting the employee; or  
(b) to provide care or support to a member of the employee’s immediate family, or a member  
of the employee’s household, who requires care or support because of:  
(i) a personal illness, or personal injury, affecting the member; or  
(ii) an unexpected emergency affecting the member.”  
352 Temporary absence—illness or injury  
An employer must not dismiss an employee because the employee is temporarily absent from  
work because of illness or injury of a kind prescribed by the regulations.”  
[35] The Applicant submitted that he was on ‘legitimate sick leave’ for the period  
covered by the medical certificates, and therefore the Respondent had obligations to him  
pursuant to sections 97 and 352 of the FW Act. The Applicant relied here on the decision  
[3]  
in Kavassilas v Migration Training Australia Pty Ltd (No.2 ) in which Federal  
Magistrate Matthew Smith found that Migration Training Australia (MTA) had acted  
unlawfully in dismissing the general manager after she took two days of sick leave she  
was entitled to under her employment contract and fined the employer $20,000 for  
contravening sections 97 and 352 of the FW Act and awarded $37,000 compensation to  
the employee as well as $57,000 in legal costs.  
[36] The Applicant further submitted that the Respondent had wrongfully adopted a  
‘one size fits all’ approach regarding his employment, noting that as he was absent from  
work on ‘legitimate sick leave’, he was not in the workplace nor dealing with  
stakeholders, other employees or members of the public and was therefore not  
contravening section 3512(b) of the FW Act dealing with inherent requirements. The  
Applicant submitted that in not accepting his medical certificates, the Respondent  
carried out unreasonable management action which did not comply with s.3A of the  
Return to Work Act (NT) and s.789 of the FW Act.  
[37] For completeness, s.3A of the Return to Work Act (NT) provides:  
“3A Injury  
(1) An injury, in relation to a worker, is a physical or mental injury arising out of or in the  
course of the worker's employment and includes:  
(a) a disease; and  
(b) the aggravation, acceleration, exacerbation, recurrence or deterioration of a  
pre-existing injury or disease.  
(2) Despite any other provision of this Act, a mental injury is not considered to be an injury for  
this Act if it is caused wholly or primarily by one or more of the following:  
(a) management action taken on reasonable grounds and in a reasonable manner  
by or on behalf of the worker's employer;  
(b) a decision of the worker's employer, on reasonable grounds, to take, or not to  
take, any management action;  
(c) any expectation by the worker that any management action would, or would  
not, be taken or any decision made to take, or not to take, any management  
action.”  
[38] The Applicant relied here on the Northern Territory Supreme Court of Appeal  
[4]  
decision in Faye Rivard v Northern Territory of Australia, which considered  
‘unreasonable management action’. The Applicant also relied on Commission decisions  
[5]  
in Tao (Selina) Qu v Monards Pty Ltd and Michelle D’Souza v Woolworths Group  
[6]  
Ltd in relation to what constitutes unreasonable management action.  
[39] The Applicant submitted that he had not engaged in serious misconduct as defined  
in s.12 of the FW Act and Regulation 1.07 of the Fair Work Regulations (FW  
Regulations). Further, the Applicant submitted that he is entitled to 90 calendar days  
unpaid sick leave, subject to medical certificates, pursuant to s.352 of the FW Act and  
Regulation 3.01 of the FW Regulations.  
[40] The Applicant submitted that the decision of CFO Spain to ‘unilaterally cancel [his]  
sick leave and dismiss [his] employment’ was in contravention of ss.97(a), 107 and 352  
of the FW Act and s.5F(1) of the Public Sector Employment and Management Act (NT)  
(PSEM Act), which states:  
5F(1) a public sector officer must do the following:  
(a) carry out the officer’s duties as follows  
(i) objectively, impartially, professionally and with integrity”.  
[41] The Applicant maintained that as he was on ‘legitimate sick leave’ when he was  
dismissed, the Respondent was not able to ignore its obligations under ss.97(a) and  
97(b) of the FW Act simply because the certificates did not relate to a contraindication to  
the COVID-19 vaccine.  
[42] The Applicant cited the Commission decision in Manojkumar Pradhan v Amcor  
[7]  
Flexibles (Australia) Pty Ltd, in which it was stated:  
[110] Sections 352 and 772 of the Act prohibit an employer from dismissing an employee  
because the employee is temporarily absent from work because of illness or injury of a kind  
prescribed by the regulations. Section 352 is the relevant section governing Mr Pradhan’s  
termination as he was employed by a constitutional corporation...  
[111] Mr Pradhan was, as of 22 February 2021, temporarily absent from work because of an  
injury of a kind prescribed by Regulation 3.01. Parliament has determined that employees  
must not be dismissed within three months of being on unpaid leave because an employee  
has a temporary illness or injury. This is entirely fair, as employees will, at various stages of  
their working life have to take time off work to deal with various illnesses or injuries.  
...  
[113] In Rezaeifard v Green Leaves ELC Pty Ltd T/A Green Leaves [2021] FWC 5905, I  
determined the following, in a similar factual scenario where Mrs Rezaeifard experienced a  
personal injury and was dismissed while on unpaid leave, a short while after her unpaid  
leave commenced:  
“[107] Employees should not lose their job if they have to take six weeks off work to mend a  
broken bone. Not all employees will have a balance of six weeks of paid personal leave to  
cover such a scenario. Nor should employees lose their job if they are having surgery such as  
a hysterectomy, or retina attachment, or are recovering from hepatitis. A three month  
protection is in place for very good reason.  
[108] Disappointingly and disturbingly, the Respondent was not aware of the obligations  
within the Act not to dismiss an employee on unpaid leave within this important timeframe.  
It blindly determined that she could not, in mid-September 2020, perform the inherent  
requirements of the role, or any available role, and therefore must be dismissed...”  
[43] The Applicant outlined that in Rezaeifard v Green Leave ELC Pty Ltd trading as  
[8]  
Green Leaves it was found:  
[2] Mrs Rezaeifard commenced employment with Green Leaves on 28 August 2019 and was  
dismissed on 18 September 2020.  
...  
[164] I have determined that the Respondent is to pay to Mrs Rezaeifard ten weeks’  
compensation.”  
[44] The Applicant submitted that as he was on sick leave and, therefore, not in the  
workplace for the period 10 November 2021 to 8 December 2021, he was in fact  
complying with the CHO Direction No 55. The Applicant submitted that his dismissal on  
30 November 2021 was accordingly ‘wrong at law’ and in contravention of the FW Act.  
[45] The Applicant submitted that he had a workplace right pursuant to ss.340 and 341  
of the FW Act to assert his workplace right to take sick leave pursuant to ss.97 and 352 of  
the FW Act.  
[46] The Applicant submitted that the Respondent terminated his employment:  
based on verbal subjective strident communications in the NT Media by an NT Politician  
without thorough and diligent appraisal of all the corrects facts relating to my specific  
circumstances and my employer has applied an unsophisticated and erroneous tick and flick  
one size fits all serious mismanagement approach and has now invalidly, harshly, unfairly  
and unjustly dismissed my employment”.  
[47] Further, the Applicant submitted that the Respondent conducted a procedurally  
unfair process, and relied here on the decision in Karen Jones v Northern Territory  
[9]  
Commissioner for Public Employment (Jones) which states:  
[64] The evidence is that the applicant did not have the opportunity of meetings or face-to-  
face discussions over the period from 19 October 2011 to 13 January 2012. Without such  
meetings she did not have the opportunity for representation or support persons to assist  
with discussions with the respondent. Prior to that period the applicant had only two  
meetings with team leaders or a manager from the commencement of her employment on 14  
June 2011. Given the list of grievances that the applicant provided to the respondent and the  
characterisation of the environment in which she was fulfilling the respondent’s work  
requirements which ultimately is illustrated prior to dismissal when the applicant informed  
the respondent she feared for her own safety. The tribunal has formed a view the  
respondent’s actions referred to above as a “disciplinary process by correspondence” have  
been too extended and carried out in such a manner that they resulted in unnecessary effects  
upon the applicant.  
[65] The respondent’s evidence on Natural Justice [Employment Instructions Number 3] has  
a guideline which indicates:  
“The exact requirements of a fair hearing will vary depending on the circumstances,  
including the seriousness of the foreshadowed action and the extent to which the person will  
be adversely affected by the decision. In general, the more serious the consequences of a  
decision for an employee the more rigorously the principle of natural justice should be  
applied.”  
[66] In the tribunal’s view the above scenario does not meet the test of a reasonable  
consideration of procedural fairness inherent in the provisions of s.387(c) and (d) of the Fair  
Work Act (Cth).  
...  
[68] In these circumstances the tribunal does not accept that the applicant has had a viable  
opportunity to respond to the employer in these circumstances or that she had the  
opportunity for a support person in discussions. The respondent has applied a less than a  
procedurally fair approach to a significant disciplinary process.”  
[48] The Applicant submitted that despite the decision in Jones, which also involved the  
Respondent, the Respondent continues to ignore its obligations as explained by  
Commissioner Steel and continues to contravene their procedural fairness obligations  
pursuant to s.387 of the FW Act, as occurred in the present case.  
[49] The Applicant also noted that in Jones, the applicant had only been employed for  
seven months and the Commissioner awarded her 12 weeks’ compensation, factoring in  
that she had been paid 1 weeks’ notice.  
[50] The Applicant further relied on the decision in Construction, Forestry, Maritime,  
Mining and Energy Union, Mr Matthew Howard v Mt Arthur Coal Pty Ltd T/A Mt  
[10]  
Arthur Coal,  
asserting that the Respondent did not adequately consult with him as  
required, and the 7 day timeframe between his letter of suspension without  
remuneration (23 November 2021) and his letter of termination (30 November 2021)  
was unreasonable and inadequate. The Applicant submitted that this is further evidence  
of the Respondent’s serious mismanagement and erroneous decision-making regarding  
his unfair, harsh and unjust dismissal.  
[51] The Applicant seeks reinstatement at no less remuneration and in the same  
[11]  
substantive position he held prior to his dismissal.  
The Applicant also seeks payment  
of wages from the date of his dismissal to the date of his reinstatement, and for this  
period to be recognised as continuous employment service pursuant to s.22 of the FW  
Act.  
[52] The Applicant acknowledged that since his dismissal, he had received some  
remuneration for recreational leave and/or long service leave.  
[53] In the event reinstatement is found to be an inappropriate remedy, the Applicant  
seeks 26 weeks’ pay pursuant to s.392(6) of the FW Act.  
[54] The Respondent submitted that following due process, the Applicant’s employment  
was terminated on 30 November 2021 under the PSEM Act on the basis that he was not  
able to perform the inherent requirements of his job.  
[55] The Respondent submitted that the Applicant’s dismissal was not harsh, unjust or  
unreasonable for the following reasons.  
Section 387(a) – valid reason  
[56] The Respondent relied on CFO Spain’s witness statement filed in these proceedings  
as demonstrating that there was a valid for the dismissal relating to the Applicant’s  
capacity to perform the inherent requirements of his job. The Respondent submitted  
that the Commissioner of Police/CEO had determined all jobs within Police, Fire and  
Emergency Services (PFES) fell within one of the categories of workers who were  
required to be vaccinated with an approved vaccine otherwise they were precluded from  
attending the workplace. As at 13 November 2021, the Applicant had not received a first  
dose of an approved COVID-19 vaccine, the Applicant did not have evidence of a  
contraindication to the approved vaccines and the Applicant had not indicated that he  
had an appointment to receive a vaccination such that some flexibility might be afforded,  
for example, a short period of leave.  
[57] The Respondent submitted that in circumstances where an employee is unable to  
perform the inherent requirements of their job, s.44 of the PSEM Act applied. For  
completeness, s.44 provides:  
44 Inability or unsatisfactory performance  
(1) There are inability or performance grounds for an employee if the employee:  
(a) is not able to perform the duties he or she is assigned to perform (whether  
because of physical or mental illness or disability or any other reason); or  
(b) is not suited to perform, or capable of efficiently performing, those duties; or  
(c) is not licensed, registered or otherwise qualified for the efficient and  
satisfactory performance of those duties; or  
(d) is not performing those duties efficiently or satisfactorily.  
(2) the Chief Executive Officer of an Agency is satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that there  
are inability or performance grounds for an employee in the Agency, the Chief Executive  
Officer may take action in relation to the employee under section 46(1)...”  
[58] The Respondent submitted that the Applicant was a Firefighter and the CEO was  
unable to find suitable alternative duties that were not subject to the CHO Direction, as  
all jobs within the PFES were considered to fall within one or more of the categories  
specified by the CHO as requiring workers to be vaccinated. The Respondent submitted  
that had the Applicant been allowed to attend the workplace, the CEO would have  
committed an offence under the Direction leaving himself and PFES open to prosecution  
and a maximum fine of $25,120. The Respondent submitted that the actions available to  
the CFO under s.46(1) of the PSEM Act included taking no further action, ordering  
training or counselling or other remedial activities, reducing pay, transfer or  
termination. The Respondent submitted that in circumstances where the Applicant was  
not vaccinated, had indicated that he would not get vaccinated, and could not be placed  
in alternate duties where the CHO Direction did not apply, the CFO had no alternative  
but to terminate the Applicant’s employment.  
Section 387(b) and (c) – notification of the reason and opportunity to respond  
[59] The Respondent submitted that the Applicant was notified of the reason for  
considering dismissal and was provided with a number of opportunities to respond.  
[60] The Respondent submitted that following the CHO Direction of 13 October 2021,  
at least eight notices were sent to all employees in PFES advising of the CHO Direction,  
its requirements and its impact on employment. The Respondent submitted that  
following these advices, the Applicant received specific and detailed correspondence on  
12 November, 17 November, 19 November and 23 November and 30 November 2021 and  
was invited to make submissions on each occasion. The Applicant made submissions on  
18 November and 23 November 2021.  
[61] The Respondent submitted that these responses were considered by the CFO before  
a decision was made regarding the Applicant’s employment.  
Section 387(d) – support person  
[62] The Respondent submitted that there was no request by the Applicant to meet to  
discuss the inability proceedings and therefore the question of whether there was an  
unreasonable refusal by the employer to allow a support person to assist at any  
discussions relating to the dismissal does not arise.  
Section 387(e) – unsatisfactory performance  
[63] The Respondent submitted that the dismissal did not relate to the Applicant's  
unsatisfactory performance. The Respondent submitted the dismissal arose because the  
Applicant chose not to be vaccinated and, consequently, was precluded from attending  
work and the employer was not permitted to allow the Applicant to attend. The  
Respondent submitted that as the Applicant could not attend, he could not perform the  
inherent requirements of his job.  
Section 387(f) and (g) – size of the enterprise and HR management  
[64] The Respondent submitted that whether the size of its enterprise impacted on the  
procedures followed and the degree of dedicated human resource management were not  
matters that the Respondent wished to raise.  
Responses to the Applicant’s contentions  
[65] As to the various case authorities cited by the Applicant, the Respondent submitted  
that in relation to most, the Applicant has not provided the relevant legal principle or  
precedent the case has set/made and how that applies to the present matter.  
[66] While the Applicant contended that because he was on personal leave his  
employment could not be terminated as it would be a breach of s.352 of the FW Act, the  
Respondent submitted that this submission misconstrues s.352 which prohibits an  
employer for dismissing an employee “because the employee is temporarily absent from  
work because of illness or injury...”.  
[67] The Respondent submitted that the Applicant was not terminated because he was  
on personal leave, rather it was because he could not perform the inherent requirements  
of his job. The Respondent submitted this was the product of the Applicant choosing not  
to be vaccinated by 13 November 2021 as required by the CHO Direction, resulting in  
him not being permitted to attend the workplace and the employer not being able to  
permit him to attend.  
[68] While the Applicant seems to advance an argument that the Respondent has  
misunderstood the difference between a medical certificate for personal leave and one  
for a contraindication, the Respondent refuted this assertion and submitted the  
argument is irrelevant.  
[69] As to the Applicant contending that the Respondent not accepting his medical  
certificates constitutes unreasonable management action, the Respondent submitted  
that the CFO acted in accordance with the provisions of the Act, including s.47(5) of the  
PSEM Act. The Respondent submitted that it afforded the Applicant procedural fairness  
and could not be taken to satisfy any claim of unreasonable action.  
[70] As to the Applicant’s citation of and reliance on s.3A of the Return to Work Act  
(NT), the Respondent submitted that section applies to situations where an employee is  
making application for a work-related injury which does not apply in the present case.  
The Respondent submitted the Applicant’s citation is therefore unclear.  
[71] As to the Applicant’s contention that the dismissal was based on a ‘one size fits all  
approach’, the Respondent acknowledged that the template letters were prepared that  
would form the basis for communicating with employees, however, it submitted that was  
not surprising and would be expected to ensure that the process for each employee was  
consistent with the requirements of the Act. The Respondent submitted that these  
templates were designed to be amended as necessary to encompass the specific facts and  
issues for each employee.  
[72] The Respondent relied on CFO Spain’s evidence to demonstrate that the issues  
raised by the Applicant at each stage in the process were considered by the CFO prior to  
any decisions being taken.  
[73] While the Applicant contended that as he was on sick leave and not physically  
working in the workplace, therefore, he could not have been contravening Direction  
55/81, the Respondent submitted this is ‘technically correct’, however, was only existing  
at that given point in time and for a specified period. The Respondent noted that  
similarly, if someone was on a day off, applying that logic would result in them also not  
contravening the CHO Direction for that limited period. The Respondent submitted that  
at the end of these specified periods, it was expected that an employee would be able to  
return to work immediately and without delay (e.g. not having to wait for an  
appointment to receive a first vaccination and then waiting for another 4 weeks before  
the second dose can be administered). The Respondent submitted that requiring an  
employer to work around this assertion would leave the employer not knowing who was  
available and when, severely impacting the employer’s ability to manage its human  
resources efficiently and effectively deliver its services.  
[74] The Respondent submitted that the proper approach is to not give weight to these  
temporal circumstances when considering whether an employee on leave is required to  
be vaccinated under Direction 55/81.  
[75] The Applicant has contended that he had not engaged in serious misconduct as  
defined in section 12 of the FW Act. The Respondent agreed with the Applicant on this  
point.  
[76] The Respondent submitted that the Applicant appears to contend that the decision  
of a single Commissioner in Jones establishes that the obligation to provide natural  
justice for s.387(c) of the FW Act includes an obligation to hold face to face meetings  
with the employee as distinct from providing the employee with an opportunity to  
respond to reasons for dismissal in some other way. The Respondent submitted that in a  
[12]  
unanimous decision of a Full Bench of the Commission in Bluescope Steel v Agas  
at  
paragraph [77], the Full Bench stated:  
[77] In summary, the Commissioner failed to make requisite findings about the criteria set  
out in s.387(b), (c) or (d)of the Act. If he had - based on the evidence - he would have been  
bound to conclude that BlueScope had notified Mr Agas of the reason they were considering  
dismissing him, had given him an opportunity to respond to that reason and had not  
unreasonably refused to allow him a support person at any relevant discussions. Despite  
this, the Commissioner found that ‘the investigative process’ was procedurally unfair. He did  
this by substituting an alternative notion of procedural unfairness to that set out in the Act.  
The process was unfair he found because it ‘did not involve an interview with the relevant  
employee.’ The requirements are those set out in s.387(b), (c) and (d); whether to conduct an  
interview is a matter for the person conducting the investigation. In this case, Mr Agas well  
knew the basis of BlueScope’s concerns, and had ample opportunity to present his case.  
There were no sound grounds for finding that there was any procedural unfairness. Mr  
Agas’s union made written representations for BlueScope to consider. Moreover, further  
representations were made at the show cause meeting and, relevantly, prior to the final  
decision to dismiss.”  
(Respondent’s emphasis)  
[77] The Respondent submitted that the gist of the Full bench decision at paragraph  
[77] above, is that the Commissioner in that matter substituted an alternative notion of  
procedural fairness to that set out in the FW Act, and the same conclusion can be  
reached with respect to the Jones decision.  
[78] The Respondent submitted that the evidence provided demonstrates the  
Applicant’s dismissal was not harsh, unjust or unreasonable. However, in the event the  
Commission finds in the alternative, the Respondent requested an opportunity to make  
further submissions as to remedy.  
[79] I have taken into account all of the submissions that have been provided by the  
parties and I have attached the appropriate weight to the evidence of the witnesses. The  
fact that an issue is not mentioned in this decision does not mean that it has not been  
taken into account.  
[80] It is not in dispute and I find that the Applicant is protected from unfair dismissal,  
submitted her application within the statutory timeframe, was not made genuinely  
redundant and did not work for a Small Business.  
[81] When considering whether a termination of an employee was harsh, unjust or  
unreasonable, the oft-quoted joint judgement of McHugh and Gummow JJ in Byrne v  
[13]  
Australian Airlines (Byrne)  
is of significance:  
It may be that the termination is harsh but not unjust or unreasonable, unjust but not harsh  
or unreasonable, or unreasonable but not harsh or unjust. In many cases the concepts will  
overlap. Thus, the one termination of employment may be unjust because the employee was  
not guilty of the misconduct on which the employer acted, may be unreasonable because it  
was decided upon inferences which could not reasonably have been drawn from the material  
before the employer, and may be harsh in its consequences for the personal and economic  
situation of the employee or because it is disproportionate to the gravity of the misconduct in  
respect of which the employer acted.”  
[82] In analysing Byrne, a Full Bench of the Australian Industrial Relations  
[14]  
Commission in Australian Meat Holdings Pty Ltd v McLauchlan (AMH)  
held:  
The above extract is authority for the proposition that a termination of employment may  
be:  
unjust, because the employee was not guilty of the misconduct on which the employer  
acted;  
unreasonable, because it was decided on inferences which could not reasonably have  
been drawn from the material before the employer; and/or  
harsh, because of its consequences for the personal and economic situation of the  
employee or because it is disproportionate to the gravity of the misconduct”.  
[83] I now turn to the criteria for considering harshness as provided in s.387 of the Act.  
Section 387(a) – valid reason  
[84] The meaning of the phrase “valid reason” has been universally drawn from the  
[15]  
judgement of Northrop J in Selvachandran v Peteron Plastics Pty Ltd:  
In broad terms, the right is limited to cases where the employer is able to satisfy the Court  
of a valid reason or valid reasons for terminating the employment connected with the  
employee’s capacity or performance or based on the operational requirements of the  
employer. ...  
In its context in s 170DE(1), the adjective “valid” should be given the meaning of sound,  
defensible or well founded. A reason which is capricious, fanciful, spiteful or prejudiced  
could never be a valid reason for the purposes of s 170DE(1). At the same time the reason  
must be valid in the context of the employee’s capacity or conduct or based upon the  
operational requirements of the employer’s business. Further, in considering whether a  
reason is valid, it must be remembered that the requirement applies in the practical sphere  
of the relationship between an employer and an employee where each has rights and  
privileges and duties and obligations conferred and imposed on them. The provisions must  
“be applied in a practical, commonsense way to ensure that” the employer and employee are  
each treated fairly...”.  
[16]  
[85] InRode v Burwood Mitsubishi,  
a Full Bench of the Australian Industrial  
Relations  
“...the meaning of s.170CG(3)(a) the reason for termination must be defensible or justifiable  
on an objective analysis of the relevant facts. It is not sufficient for an employer to simply  
show that he or she acted in the belief that the termination was for a valid reason.”  
[17]  
[86] InQantas Airways Ltd v Cornwall (Cornwall)  
the Full Court of the Federal  
Court of Australia said:  
The question is whether there was a valid reason. In general, conduct of that kind would  
plainly provide a valid reason. However, conduct is not committed in a vacuum, but in the  
course of the interaction of persons and circumstances, and the events which lead up to an  
action and those which accompany it may qualify or characterize the nature of the conduct  
involved.”  
[87] It is not in dispute that CHO Direction No. 55 applied to all Firefighters in the  
Northern Territory, including the Applicant. It is not in dispute that the Respondent had  
to comply with CHO Direction No. 55 or suffer financial penalties for breaching this  
Direction. On the basis that the Applicant was not willing to comply with CHO Direction  
No. 55, and the Applicant could not be redeployed or reallocated into a role where he did  
not need to be vaccinated, the Respondent had no option but to prevent the Applicant  
from attending the workplace. The Applicant may have been passed fit for work on  
either 26 November or 9 December 2021. The Respondent, being the provider of an  
emergency service, needed to ensure that its workforce was fit for purpose. The  
Respondent decided to terminate the Applicant based on the Applicant’s decision to not  
comply with the CHO Direction. I am satisfied and find that the Respondent’s action in  
terminating the Applicant was sound and well-founded.  
Section 387(b) – Notified of the reason  
[88] It is not in dispute that the Applicant was notified of the reasons for his  
termination.  
Section 387(c) – Opportunity to respond  
[89] The Applicant was given a number of opportunities to respond to the reasons for  
his termination.  
Section 387(d) – Refusal of a support person  
[90] The Respondent did not arrange a meeting with the Applicant, nor invite an  
opportunity for a meeting. As there were no physical meetings ahead of the Applicant’s  
termination, this issue is not relevant.  
Section 387(e) – Unsatisfactory performance  
[91] There were no issues of unsatisfactory performance raised by the parties. This issue  
is not relevant.  
Section 387 (f) and (g) – Size of Enterprise and HR Staff – procedures followed  
[92] The Respondent did not seek to make any submissions on these matters. It is noted  
that the Respondent is large employer.  
Section 387(h) – Any other matters  
[93] I am satisfied and find that CHO Direction No. 55 applies to all firefighters in the  
Northern Territory.  
[94] I do not dispute that the Applicant was in possession of legitimate medical  
certificates to cover his absences from 10 November to 8 December 2021. As was his  
right, the Applicant did not disclose the nature of his illness, at this point in time, to the  
Respondent. Therefore, the Respondent is unaware if the Applicant’s ailment would  
have prevented him from returning to work on 8 December 2021. However, the  
Respondent had an obligation to ensure that the Applicant was compliant with CHO  
Direction No. 55 when he returned to work. This scenario, based on the Applicant’s  
medical certificates, could have occurred on either 26 November or 9 December 2021.  
[95] I do not accept that the Applicant was not proffered the appropriate amount of  
natural justice by the Respondent. The Applicant was given numerous opportunities to  
respond to the Respondent’s correspondence. Relevantly, the Applicant never disputed  
or refuted the Respondent’s assertion that the Applicant had told his Manager that he  
had no intention of receiving a vaccination by 12 November 2021. The Applicant was  
seeking answers, guarantees and remedies that no individual or doctor would give any  
employee or patient in any circumstance. His requests and demands were strikingly  
similar to other applicants who have appeared before the Commission seeking an unfair  
dismissal remedy having been terminated during the COVID-19 pandemic. At the end of  
the day, the Applicant’s vaccination status is a matter for the Applicant.  
[96] Further, I do not accept the argument that section 352 prevents an employer from  
dismissing an employee whilst on sick leave. The FW Act is quite clear. An employer  
cannot dismiss an employee due to the fact that they are on sick leave. In this  
circumstance, the Applicant was dismissed because he could not comply with the  
inherent requirements of his job, not because he went on sick leave 2 days before the  
provisions of CHO Direction No. 55 applied to his employment.  
[97] At the reconvened hearing on 30 May 2022, CFO Spain advised that a gas truck  
had rolled on the Lassiter Highway approximately 200kms from Alice Springs. Due to  
the manning at this incident, the 10-hour Saturday day shift was one firefighter short,  
albeit in breach of the manning levels in the Agreement.  
[98] CFO Spain testified that he would only call in a firefighter from their recreational  
leave in exceptional circumstances and never for a short-term absence.  
[99] The Applicant submitted that the decision taken by CFO Spain in this circumstance  
is not consistent with his approach to employees who failed to comply with CHO  
Direction No. 55.  
[100] The Respondent submitted that the powers of the CFO to recall employees under  
the Fire and Emergency Act are only used in exceptional circumstances, such as COVID,  
where the number of firefighters available to be rostered for duty could be decimated as  
a result of a COVID cluster in a fire station.  
[101] I accept and find that CFO Spain is very careful and cautious in utilising his  
emergency powers under the Fire and Emergency Act, to recall employees from  
recreational leave. I accept that CFO Spain made a decision to not utilise these powers in  
relation to the staffing issue at Alice Springs on 19 March 2022.  
[102] I am satisfied and find that the Respondent had a valid reason to terminate the  
Applicant. CHO Direction No. 55 applied to the Applicant’s role as a Firefighter. The  
Applicant refused to be vaccinated in accordance with that Direction or provide a  
relevant contraindication, therefore, he could not attend work and, therefore, could not  
perform his duties.  
[103] I am satisfied and find that there are no other reasons or issues pertaining to  
sections 387(b) – (h) of the FW Act which result in the Applicant’s termination being  
harsh, unjust or unreasonable. I am satisfied and find that the Applicant has received his  
statutory entitlement to a fair go.  
[104] I find that the Applicant was not unfairly dismissed.  
[105] The Application is dismissed.  
[106] I so Order.  
[1]  
[2]  
[3]  
[4]  
[5]  
[6]  
[7]  
[8]  
[9]  
Rode v Burwood Mitsubishi, Print R4471 at [19].  
Selvachandran v Peteron Plastics Pty Ltd [1995] IRCA 333; (1995) 62 IR 371 at 373.  
[2012] FMCA 208.  
[1999] NTCA 28.  
[2021] FWC 4507.  
[2021] FWC 1364.  
[2021] FWC 6125.  
[2021] FWC 5905.  
[2012] FWA 7069.  
[10]  
[2021] FWCFB 6059.  
[11]  
The Applicant relied here on Giuseppina (Josie) Cartisano v Sportsmed SA Hospitals Pty  
Ltd [2015] FWCFB 1523.  
[12]  
[2014] FWCFB 5993.  
[13]  
(1995) 185 CLR 410.  
[14]  
(1998) 84 IR 1.  
[15]  
[1995] IRCA 333; (1995) 62 IR 371.  
[16]  
[17]  
PR4471.  
(1998) 84 FCR 483.  
Printed by authority of the Commonwealth Government Printer  
<PR741152>  


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