Automotive   |   BMW AG
WE ARE SHAPING  
THE MOBILITY  
OF THE FUTURE  
ANNUAL REPORT 2017  
The new era of electric mobility requires visionaries  
and people of action. Find out in our image brochure  
how BMW Group is shaping the mobility of the future.  
CONTENTS  
1
4
TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS  
CORPORATE  
GOVERNANCE  
Page  
Page  
4
8
BMW Group in Figures  
Report of the Supervisory Board  
Page 198 Statement on Corporate Governance  
(
Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 18 Statement of the Chairman of the  
Board of Management  
Page 198 Information on the Company’s Governing Constitution  
Page 199 Declaration of the Board of Management and of the  
Supervisory Board pursuant to § 161 AktG  
Page 24 BMW Stock and Capital Markets in 2017  
Page 200 Members of the Board of Management  
Page 201 Members of the Supervisory Board  
Page 204 Composition and Work Procedures of the Board of  
Management of BMW AG and its Committees  
2
Page 206 Composition and Work Procedures of the  
Supervisory Board of BMW AG and its Committees  
COMBINED  
Page 213 Disclosures pursuant to the Act on Equal  
Gender Participation  
MANAGEMENT REPORT  
Page 214 Information on Corporate Governance Practices Applied  
beyond Mandatory Requirements  
Page 30 General Information and Group Profile  
Page 30 Organisation and Business Model  
Page 40 Management System  
Page 216 Compliance in the BMW Group  
Page 221 Compensation Report  
Page 44 Report on Economic Position  
(Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 44 General and Sector-specific Environment  
Page 48 Overall Assessment by Management  
Page 49 Financial and Non-financial Performance Indicators  
Page 52 Review of Operations  
Page 239 Responsibility Statement by the  
Company’s Legal Representatives  
Page 240 Independent Auditor’s Report  
Page 72 Results of Operations, Financial Position and Net Assets  
Page 86 Comments on Financial Statements of BMW AG  
Page 90 Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities  
Page 90 Outlook  
5
Page 96 Risks and Opportunities  
OTHER INFORMATION  
Page 111 Internal Control System Relevant for Accounting and  
Financial Reporting Processes  
Page 248 BMW Group Ten-year Comparison  
Page 250 Glossary – Explanation of Key Figures  
Page 252 Index  
Page 112 Disclosures Relevant for Takeovers  
Page 254 Index of Graphs  
Page 255 Financial Calendar  
Page 256 Contacts  
3
GROUP FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS  
Page 118 Income Statement  
Page 118 Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 120 Balance Sheet  
Page 122 Cash Flow Statement  
Page 124 Statement of Changes in Equity  
Page 126 Notes to the Group Financial Statements  
Page 126 Accounting Principles and Policies  
Page 139 Notes to the Income Statement  
Page 145 Notes to the Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 146 Notes to the Balance Sheet  
Page 167 Other Disclosures  
Page 183 Segment Information  
Page 188 List of Investments at 31 December 2017  
TOWARDS  
THE FUTURE  
Our Annual Report is also available  
in digital form under:  
http://annual-report2017.bmwgroup.com  
2
The fuel consumption, CO ꢀemissions,ꢀpowerꢀconsumptionꢀandꢀoperatingꢀrangeꢀfiguresꢀ  
were determined according to the European Regulation (EC) 715/2007 in the version appli-  
cable.ꢀTheꢀfiguresꢀreferꢀtoꢀaꢀvehicleꢀwithꢀbasicꢀconfigurationꢀinꢀGermanyꢀandꢀtheꢀrangeꢀ  
shownꢀconsidersꢀtheꢀdifferentꢀsizesꢀofꢀtheꢀselectedꢀwheels ꢀ/ ꢀt yresꢀandꢀtheꢀselectedꢀitemsꢀofꢀ  
optional equipment.  
Further information on official fuel consumption figures and specific CO  
of new passenger cars is included in the “Guideline for fuel consumption, CO  
2
emissions values  
emissions  
2
and electric power consumption of new passenger cars”, which can be obtained free of  
charge from all dealerships and at https://www.dat.de/en/offers/publications/  
guideline-for-fuel-consumption.html.  
1
To Our  
Shareholders  
BMW Group in  
Figures  
TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
Statement of  
the Chairman of  
the Board of  
Management  
BMW Stock and  
Capital Markets  
Page  
Page  
4
8
BMW Group in Figures  
Report of the Supervisory Board  
Page 18 Statement of the Chairman of the Board of Management  
Page 24 BMW Stock and Capital Markets in 2017  
1
4
To Our  
Shareholders  
BMW GROUP IN FIGURES  
BMW Group  
in Figures  
Key non-financial performance indicators  
01  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
Change in %  
Group  
Workforceꢀatꢀyear-endꢀ1  
110,351  
116,324  
122,244  
124,729  
129,932  
4.2  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveries2  
1,963,798  
133  
2,117,965  
130  
2,247,485  
127  
2,367,603  
124  
2,463,526  
122  
4.1  
Fleet emissions in g CO  
2
/ km3  
– 1.6  
motorcycles seGment  
Deliveries4  
115,215  
123,495  
136,963  
145,032  
164,153  
13.2  
Further non-financial performance figures  
02  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
Change in %  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveries  
BMW2  
1,655,138  
305,030  
3,630  
1,811,719  
302,183  
4,063  
1,905,234  
338,466  
3,785  
2,003,359  
360,233  
4,011  
2,088,283  
371,881  
3,362  
4.2  
3.2  
MINI  
Rolls-Royce  
Total2  
–16.2  
4.1  
1,963,798  
2,117,965  
2,247,485  
2,367,603  
2,463,526  
Production volume  
BMW5  
1,699,835  
303,177  
3,354  
1,838,268  
322,803  
4,495  
1,933,647  
342,008  
3,848  
2,002,997  
352,580  
4,179  
2,123,947  
378,486  
3,308  
6.0  
7.3  
MINI  
Rolls-Royce  
Total5  
– 20.8  
6.2  
2,006,366  
2,165,566  
2,279,503  
2,359,756  
2,505,741  
motorcycles seGment  
Production volume6  
BMW  
110,127  
133,615  
151,004  
145,555  
185,682  
27.6  
1.0  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
New contracts with retail customers  
1,471,385  
1,509,113  
1,655,961  
1,811,157  
1,828,604  
1
Figuresꢀexcludeꢀsuspendedꢀcontractsꢀofꢀemployment,ꢀemployeesꢀinꢀtheꢀnon-workꢀphasesꢀofꢀpre-retirementꢀpart-timeꢀarrangementsꢀandꢀlowꢀincomeꢀearners.  
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2013:ꢀ198,542ꢀunits,ꢀ2014:ꢀ275,891ꢀunits,ꢀ2015:ꢀ282,000ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ316,200ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits).  
EU-28.  
Excluding Husqvarna, deliveries up to 2013: 59,776 units.  
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2013:ꢀ214,920ꢀunits,ꢀ2014:ꢀ287,466ꢀunits,ꢀ2015:ꢀ287,755ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ305,726ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ396,749ꢀunits).  
Excluding Husqvarna, production up to 2013: 59,426 units.  
2
3
4
5
6
5
Key financial performance indicators  
03  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
Change in %  
Group  
Profitꢀbeforeꢀtaxꢀinꢀ€ꢀmillion  
7,893  
8,707  
9,224  
9,665  
10,655  
10.2  
Automotive seGment  
Revenuesꢀinꢀ€ꢀmillion  
70,630  
9.4  
75,173  
9.6  
85,536  
9.2  
86,424  
8.9  
88,581  
8.9  
2.5  
EBIT margin in % (change in %pts)  
RoCE in % (change in %pts)  
63.0  
61.7  
72.2  
74.3  
78.6  
4.3  
motorcycles seGment  
EBIT margin in % (change in %pts)  
RoCE in % (change in %pts)  
5.3  
6.7  
9.1  
9.0  
9.1  
0.1  
1.0  
16.4  
21.8  
31.6  
33.0  
34.0  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
RoE in % (change in %pts)  
20.0  
19.4  
20.2  
21.2  
18.1  
– 3.1  
Further financial performance figures  
04  
in € million  
2013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
Change in %  
Total capital expenditure1  
6,711  
3,741  
3,003  
6,100  
4,170  
3,481  
5,890  
4,659  
5,404  
5,823  
4,806  
5,792  
7,112  
4,822  
4,459  
22.1  
0.3  
Depreciation and amortisation  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
– 23.0  
Revenues  
76,059  
70,630  
1,504  
80,401  
75,173  
1,679  
92,175  
85,536  
1,990  
94,163  
86,424  
2,069  
98,678  
88,581  
2,283  
27,567  
7
4.8  
2.5  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
Financial Services  
Other Entities  
Eliminations  
10.3  
7.3  
19,874  
6
20,599  
7
23,739  
7
25,681  
6
16.7  
1.3  
–15,955  
–17,057  
–19,097  
– 20,017  
–19,760  
Profit before financial result (EBIT)  
Automotive  
7,978  
6,649  
79  
9,118  
7,244  
112  
9,593  
7,836  
182  
9,386  
7,695  
187  
9,880  
7,863  
207  
5.3  
2.2  
Motorcycles  
10.7  
0.5  
Financial Services  
Other Entities  
1,643  
44  
1,756  
71  
1,981  
169  
2,184  
–17  
2,194  
14  
Eliminations  
– 437  
– 65  
– 575  
– 663  
– 398  
40.0  
Profit before tax (EBT)  
Automotive  
7,893  
6,561  
76  
8,707  
6,886  
107  
9,224  
7,523  
179  
9,665  
7,916  
185  
10,655  
8,691  
205  
10.2  
9.8  
Motorcycles  
10.8  
1.9  
Financial Services  
Other Entities  
Eliminations  
1,619  
164  
1,723  
154  
1,975  
211  
2,166  
170  
2,207  
80  
– 52.9  
31.6  
– 527  
–163  
– 664  
– 772  
– 528  
Income taxes  
– 2,564  
5,329  
– 2,890  
5,817  
– 2,828  
6,396  
– 2,755  
6,910  
–1,949  
8,706  
29.3  
26.0  
Net profit  
Earnings per share inꢀ€  
8.08 / 8.10  
10.4  
8.83 / 8.85  
10.8  
9.70 / 9.72  
10.0  
10.45 /10.47  
10.3  
13.12 /13.14  
10.8  
25.6 /25.5  
0.5  
2
Pre-tax return on sales in % (change in %pts)  
1
Expenditureꢀforꢀcapitalisedꢀdevelopmentꢀcosts,ꢀotherꢀintangibleꢀassetsꢀandꢀproperty,ꢀplantꢀandꢀequipment.  
GroupꢀprofitꢀbeforeꢀtaxꢀasꢀaꢀpercentageꢀofꢀGroupꢀrevenues.  
2
6
To Our  
Shareholders  
BMW Group deliveries of automobiles*  
BMW Group revenues  
• 07  
05  
BMW Group  
in Figures  
in 1,000 units  
in € billion  
2
,463.5  
98.7  
2
,367.6  
94.2  
2
1
0
,500  
2,247.5  
100  
92.2  
2
,963.8  
,118.0  
8
0.4  
1
7
6.1  
,250  
50  
0
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
*
ꢀIncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀ Sꢀ henyangꢀ  
2013: 198,542 units, 2014: 275,891 units, 2015: 282,000 units, 2016: 316,200 units,  
017: 384,124 units).  
(
2
BMW Group profit before financial result (EBIT)  
BMW Group profit before tax  
• 08  
06  
in € million  
in € million  
10,655  
11,000  
9,880  
11,000  
9
,593  
9,665  
9
,386  
9,224  
9
,118  
8
,707  
7,978  
7,893  
5
0
,500  
5,500  
0
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
1
REPORT OF THE  
SUPERVISORY BOARD  
To Our  
Shareholders  
BMW Group in  
Figures  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
Statement of  
the Chairman of  
the Board of  
STATEMENT OF THE  
CHAIRMAN OF THE  
Management  
BMW Stock and  
Capital Markets  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
BMW STOCK AND  
CAPITAL MARKETS IN 2017  
8
To Our  
Shareholders  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
Norbert Reithofer  
Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
9
Dear Shareholders,  
The BMW Group sold more than 100,000 electrified vehicles during the past year. With the  
move towards electrification of the fleet and the biggest model offensive ever undertaken in the  
company’s history, the BMW Group is getting ready for the future. The BMW Group delivered  
an outstanding earnings performance in the financial year 2017 and once again confirmed its  
leading position in the premium segment with record deliveries.  
Monitoring and advisory activities of the Supervisory Board  
Throughout the financial year 2017, the Supervisory Board performed its duties with the utmost  
care in accordance with the law and the Articles of Incorporation. We provided the Board  
of Management in their strategic development and management of the BMW Group with  
constructive advice and closely and continuously monitored its running of the business.  
The Board of Management reported regularly to us on the implementation of Strategy  
NUMBER ONE > NEXT. Key areas of focus included the BMW Group’s strategy for drivetrain  
technology and progress in the field of electric mobility. Further major activities were the revised  
Board of Management compensation system and the Group business plan. At each of our five  
Supervisory Board meetings, we discussed in detail the current situation of the BMW Group  
with the Board of Management.  
The Company’s situation and development have been continually in our focus, also outside of  
meetings. The Board of Management reported to us regularly on the latest sales and workforce  
figures and provided us with information on matters of particular importance as they arose.  
Between meetings, the Chairman of the Board of Management, Mr Harald Krüger, informed  
me directly and promptly in our regular consultations on the current state of major business  
transactions and projects.  
Furthermore, when necessary, the Chairman of the Audit Committee, Dr Karl-Ludwig Kley,  
liaised directly with the Member of the Board of Management responsible for Finance, Dr Nicolas  
Peter, outside scheduled meetings.  
In its regular reports on the BMW Group’s current situation, the Board of Management provided  
us with information on the deliveries trend and the competitive environment in the Automotive  
and Motorcycles segments as well as the development of new contracts and business volumes  
in the Financial Services segment, also explaining any variances against forecast. The Board of  
Management also provided us with the latest workforce figures, reported on developments on  
key markets and explained business forecasts.  
The Board of Management also highlighted in its situation reports important current transactions  
and projects, which we then followed up in our in-depth discussions. These included, for  
example, progress made in the areas of product quality and customer satisfaction. The Board of  
Management also reported on events such as the “diesel summit” in Berlin and the International  
Motor Show (IAA Cars) in Frankfurt. In addition, the Board of Management explained the status  
of various cooperation negotiations and transactions, such as the establishment of a joint venture  
with other manufacturers to build a European network of fast charging stations.  
Regarding the Chinese market, the Board of Management provided us with detailed information  
on business developments and specific local requirements and explained the strategy pursued  
in this region.  
1
0
To Our  
Shareholders  
At the beginning of the year, the Board of Management presented to us the new models and  
model revisions due for market launch in 2017.  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
One Supervisory Board meeting was held at the Dingolfing plant. A major focus of this  
meeting was the report of the Board of Management on the development of the worldwide  
production network, highlighting in particular international cooperation between the plants.  
It also explained how Industry 4.0 innovations are being applied in production, for example  
in the field of logistics, where components tracking increases supply reliability. The Group  
has already been exploiting the possibilities of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in pro-  
duction for several years. A further topic of the meeting was BMW Group’s strategy in the  
area of taxes and customs duties. The Board of Management presented a range of scenarios  
on the operational and financial impact for the BMW Group of the United Kingdom’s exit  
from the European Union. We were also briefed by the Board on the US administration’s  
announcements regarding taxes and duties and the possible consequences for the BMW Group.  
We also discussed the CSR Directive Implementation Act and its impact on non-financial  
reporting for the BMW Group. In this context, the Supervisory Board has amended its rules  
of procedure and expanded the tasks of the Audit Committee. We commissioned the audit  
firm PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH to perform a voluntary, limited assurance review of the  
separate report on non-financial information. During a guided tour of the Dingolfing plant,  
we were able to learn about the future production of the BMW i NEXT, amongst others.  
The two-day Supervisory Board meeting focused in particular on the Group’s strategy and the  
long-term corporate plan.  
DuringthefirstpartofthemeetingwediscussedtheannualreviewofStrategyNUMBER ONE  
> NEXT  
with the Board of Management. The Board of Management explained the decisions taken in each  
strategic area, such as the expansion of digital services and products and developments in the  
field of autonomous driving. It also presented various scenarios for the development of drivetrain  
systems and outlined the measures it has taken to respond flexibly to customer requirements. The  
Board of Management also provided us with a detailed account of the competitive environment  
in the electric mobility sector. We support the Board of Management’s initiatives to expand the  
charging infrastructure.  
In the course of a vehicle presentation, we had the opportunity to drive the current BMW Group  
models with various drivetrain concepts on a test track. We were able to see for ourselves  
the progress made in the field of autonomous driving. Selected vehicles, including various  
battery-electric vehicles (BEVs), and technologies were also presented and explained to us  
through models and exhibits.  
In the second part of the meeting, we reviewed in detail the long-term corporate plan for the  
years 2018 to 2023 and discussed in depth various risk scenarios with the Board of Management.  
The Board of Management explained the Performance NEXT programme, which will support  
the financing of future topics by leveraging potential on the performance and cost side. After  
careful examination and discussion, we approved the plan and urged the Board to implement  
systematically the measures proposed and to drive ahead with electric mobility at the BMW Group,  
in order to act from a position of strength.  
1
1
We also took a close look at the BMW Group’s IT strategy. The Board of Management explained  
the steps already taken towards further digitalisation of the BMW Group. At the same time, it  
informed us on the threat of cyberattacks and outlined the safeguards and defence measures  
within the IT security management system.  
At our final meeting of the financial year 2017, the Board of Management presented the annual  
planning for the financial year 2018. We reviewed in detail the opportunities and risks and  
discussed them with the Board of Management.  
With respect to vehicle architecture, the Board of Management explained measures taken to  
implement the electrification strategy and presented the specific benefits.  
In addition, the Board of Management addressed the allegations made against BMW in various  
media outlets with regard to emissions treatment and confirmed that the BMW Group engages  
in no activities or technical measures to influence the test mode for measurement of emissions.  
Furthermore, the Board of Management reported in detail on the performance, risk situation  
and business strategies of the Financial Services segment. It described the measures in place  
to comply with regulatory requirements and provided information on the status of regulatory  
proceedings against a locally based financial services company.  
Within the Personnel Committee and Supervisory Board, we closely examined the structure  
and amounts of compensation for members of the Board of Management. In our review, we  
took into account the development of the Group, as well as compensation of the executive  
management and the overall workforce in Germany over time. In addition, we consulted studies  
of the compensation at DAX-listed companies. We were assisted here by an independent external  
compensation consultant. After a detailed examination and discussion, we concluded that  
the compensation of the Board of Management for the financial year 2017, including pension  
entitlements, is appropriate.  
While leaving the existing overall upper limits unchanged, we have revised the compensation  
system for the Board of Management. Apart from an increase in Board members’ base salary,  
the focus was on revising the system for variable remuneration. We have paid special attention  
to linking variable remuneration even more closely to sustainable business development and  
the long-term business plan. A new multi-year component has been introduced, in the form of  
a performance cash plan. Other provisions contained in the standard service contract for Board  
members were also updated. With the agreement of its members, all Board of Management  
service contracts have been amended with effect from 1 January 2018. Further information on  
Board of Management compensation and on the new compensation system with effect from  
the financial year 2018 is provided in the Compensation Report (see section Statement on  
Corporate Governance).  
A further topic reported on by the Board of Management was the current status of the diversity  
concept. The Board informed us on the targets they have set for increasing the proportion  
of women in the workforce, particularly in the management, and the current level of target  
achievement. In addition, the Board of Management explained the measures it has taken to  
encourage cultural diversity and a mixed age structure in the workforce.  
1
2
To Our  
Shareholders  
Together with the Board of Management, we gave careful consideration to the corporate governance  
standards of the BMW Group as well as the provisions of the German Corporate Governance  
Code. The same also applies to the proposal that the Chairman of the Supervisory Board should  
engage in dialogue with investors on subjects specific to the Supervisory Board. As a result of the  
revision of the compensation system with effect from the financial year 2018, it was necessary to  
retrospectively cancel the previous performance targets for variable compensation for the years 2018  
and 2019 and replace them with the new, more ambitious target system. The current Declaration  
of Compliance pursuant to §161 AktG is included in the Corporate Governance Report.  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
The Supervisory Board had already adopted detailed targets for its own composition which  
included competence-related criteria. These targets were confirmed in the form of the “competency  
profile”. Based on a self-review conducted by the Supervisory Board, it was concluded that the  
current composition of the Supervisory Board is in line with the targets of the diversity concept  
and competency profile, as well as other targets set for its composition at 31 December 2017.  
No conflicts of interest arose on the part of Members of the Board of Management or Supervisory  
Board during the year under report. Significant transactions with Supervisory Board members  
and other related parties as defined by IAS 24, including close relatives and intermediary entities,  
were examined on a quarterly basis.  
Following a detailed efficiency examination in the previous year, the Supervisory Board reviewed  
the efficiency of its activities in 2017 on the basis of a structured questionnaire. Moreover, mem-  
bers of the Supervisory Board had the opportunity to discuss matters with me individually. The  
self-review was discussed in the full Supervisory Board. Overall, the work of the Supervisory Board  
was deemed efficient. No significant need for change was identified. Proposals, for example with  
respect to the reports provided by the Board of Management, were taken into account.  
Average attendance of the five Supervisory Board meetings held in the financial year 2017 was 94%.  
An individualised overview of attendance at meetings of the Supervisory Board and its committees  
for the financial year 2017 has been published on the BMW Group’s website. All members of the  
Supervisory Board attended more than half of the meetings of the Supervisory Board and those  
committees to which they belonged during their term of office in the financial year 2017.  
Description of Presiding Board activities and committee work  
In order to increase efficiency and ensure better preparation of its plenary meetings, the Super-  
visory Board has established a Presiding Board and four committees. Committee chairpersons  
reported in detail and in a timely manner on Presiding Board and committee work at the following  
meeting of the Supervisory Board. The shareholder representatives were informed by myself of  
the activities of the Nomination Committee. A detailed description of the duties, composition  
and work procedures of the various committees is provided in the Corporate Governance Report.  
The Presiding Board convened five times during the financial year under report. Assuming  
no other committee was responsible, the focus of our activities was on preparing the detailed  
agenda for the meetings of the full Supervisory Board. Complex and wide-ranging topics, such  
as the long-term plan, were prepared together in detail with the Board of Management and  
senior heads of department on the basis of written and oral reports. We also selected further  
topics for full Supervisory Board meetings and made suggestions for reports submitted to  
the full Supervisory Board.  
1
3
The Audit Committee held five meetings and two telephone conference calls during the finan-  
cial year 2017. In the course of those conference calls and at one meeting together with the  
Board of Management, we reviewed the Quarterly Financial Reports prior to their publication.  
Representatives of the external auditors were present during the presentation of the Half-Year  
Financial Report.  
The Audit Committee’s meeting in spring 2017 focused primarily on preparing for the Supervisory  
Board meeting at which the financial statements were to be examined. Before recommending  
to the full Supervisory Board that KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft be elected as  
Company and Group auditor at the Annual General Meeting 2017, we obtained a Declaration  
of Independence from KPMG. We also considered the scope and composition of non-audit  
services, including tax advisory services provided by KPMG entities to the BMW Group. We  
found no indications of grounds for exclusion, conflicts of interest, or risk to the independence  
of the auditor.  
The fee proposals for the audit of the year-end Company and Group Financial Statements 2017 and  
the review of the Half-year Financial Report were deemed appropriate. Subsequent to the Annual  
General Meeting 2017, we therefore appointed KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft for  
the relevant engagements and specified additional audit focus areas.  
During the financial year 2017, the Head of Group Controlling reported to the Audit Committee  
on the current risk profile of the BMW Group. In this context, we reviewed in depth a number  
of individual topics, such as risk management with regard to suppliers.  
The Head of Group Financial Reporting presented to us current developments in the internal  
control system (ICS) underlying financial reporting. The tests performed highlighted no material  
ICS weaknesses which would jeopardise the system’s effectiveness.  
The Head of Group Internal Audit presented the main findings of Group internal audits per-  
formed during the year under report and outlined the areas of focus for planned audits. He also  
informed us about an external quality assessment of Group audit activities, which concluded  
that the relevant German and international standards were met.  
A key focus of the Audit Committee’s work was on compliance. The Chairman of the BMW Group  
Compliance Committee informed us about the status of compliance within the Group, initially  
in the regular report at the end of June. He presented here new IT systems designed to support  
compliance management. Immediately after the appearance of media reports on cartel allegations  
at the end of July in connection with the so-called “circle of five”, we held a meeting of the Presiding  
Board and the Audit Committee. The Board of Management informed us in detail of the status of  
the internal investigation that it had immediately launched and which is being conducted with the  
support of an international law firm. The Head of Legal Affairs and Patents explained the legal  
background of the allegations. We also discussed the BMW Group Compliance Management’s  
existing preventive measures with respect to antitrust compliance. The progress of the internal  
investigation was analysed in detail at the two subsequent Audit Committee meetings, both of  
which were attended by a representative of the appointed law firm. As a precautionary measure,  
the Chairman of the Audit Committee also had the representative of the appointed law firm  
report on the progress of the investigation without members of the Board of Management or  
myself being present. These issues were discussed at length at the subsequent meetings of the  
Supervisory Board.  
1
4
To Our  
Shareholders  
Another area of focus for the Audit Committee was preparing for the change in external auditor  
with effect from the 2019 financial year. In this context, we organised a tender procedure in  
accordance with new statutory requirements and, after carefully examining the applicants,  
made a recommendation to the full Supervisory Board. The non-audit services provided by the  
auditor were also regularly scrutinised.  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
An independent auditor engaged by us to conduct the mandatory audit of over-the-counter  
derivative transactions confirmed the effectiveness of the system that BMWAG currently employs  
to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.  
In conjunction with the Employee Share Programme, the Audit Committee approved the decision  
of the Board of Management to raise the Company’s share capital in accordance with §4 (5) of  
the Articles of Incorporation (Authorised Capital 2014) by €ꢀ491,000 and to issue a corresponding  
number of new non-voting bearer shares of preferred stock, each with a par value of €ꢀ1, at  
favourable conditions to employees.  
The Personnel Committee convened four times during the financial year 2017. The meetings  
focused on preparations for revising the Board of Management compensation system and related  
service contracts.  
The Personnel Committee also undertook the preparatory work for the Supervisory Board’s  
decision to appoint a new Board of Management member to head the Sales and Brand BMW,  
Aftersales BMW Group, taking account of the requirements profile and diversity concept agreed  
upon for the Board of Management.  
In individual cases, we also gave our approval to Board of Management members to assume  
mandates outside the Group.  
The Nomination Committee convened once during the financial year 2017. We reviewed the  
succession planning for shareholder representatives and made recommendations for the proposal  
of candidates for the Supervisory Board election of the Annual General Meeting 2018, taking  
into account the composition targets previously resolved by the Supervisory Board.  
The statutory Mediation Committee did not need to convene during the financial year 2017.  
1
5
Composition of the Board of Management  
The composition of the Board of Management changed at the turn of the year following the appoint-  
ment of Pieter Nota as a Member of the Board of Management with effect from 1 January 2018.  
Mr Nota has joined the BMW Group with a wealth of international experience in the areas of sales  
and marketing. He succeeds Dr Ian Robertson as Board member responsible for Sales and Brand  
BMW, Aftersales BMW Group. In agreement with the Supervisory Board, Dr Robertson retired  
from the Board of Management with effect from the end of 31 December 2017. He will continue  
to support the BMW Group with his expertise as ambassador of the BMW Group in the United  
Kingdom until 30 June 2018. With his energy and commitment, Dr Robertson contributed to the  
BMW Group’s outstanding growth and success during an almost ten-year term of office on the  
Board. We wish to express our appreciation and thank Dr Robertson for his dedicated services.  
In addition, we decided in three cases to renew the appointment of members of the Board of  
Management.  
Composition of the Supervisory Board,  
the Presiding Board and Supervisory Board Committees  
In view of the applicable age limit, with effect from the end of the Annual General Meeting  
2
017, Professor Henning Kagermann stepped down from the Supervisory Board, of which he  
had been a member since 2010. We thank Professor Kagermann for his valuable work and the  
trustful cooperation with which he served on the Supervisory Board. At the Annual General  
Meeting 2017, Dr.-Ing. Heinrich Hiesinger was elected as new shareholder representative for  
a five-year term of office.  
The composition of the Presiding Board and the committees of the Supervisory Board remained  
unchanged during the financial year. The Corporate Governance Report includes a summary  
of the composition of the Supervisory Board and its committees.  
Examination of financial statements and the profit distribution proposal  
KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft has audited the Company and Group Financial  
Statements of Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG). It also conducted a  
review of the abridged Interim Group Financial Statements and Interim Group Management  
Report for the six-month period ended 30 June 2017. The results of the review were presented  
to the Audit Committee by representatives of KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft. No  
issues were identified that might indicate that the abridged Interim Group Financial Statements  
and Interim Group Management Report had not been prepared in all material respects in  
accordance with the applicable provisions.  
1
6
To Our  
Shareholders  
The Group and Company Financial Statements of BMWAG for the year ended 31 December 2017  
and the Combined Management Report – as authorised for issue by the Board of Management  
on 15 February 2018  were audited by KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft and given  
an unqualified audit opinion.  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
The Auditor’s Report has been signed since the financial year 2016 by Christian Sailer, as  
independent auditor (Wirtschaftsprüfer), and since the financial year 2014 by Andreas Feege,  
as independent auditor (Wirtschaftsprüfer) responsible for the performance of the engagement.  
The financial statements for the financial year 2017, the Combined Management Report, the  
reports of the external auditors and the Board of Management’s profit distribution proposal  
were made available to all members of the Supervisory Board in a timely manner.  
The Audit Committee closely examined and discussed these documents at a meeting held on  
26 February 2018. The Audit Committee reviewed in detail the key audit matters raised in  
the auditor’s report of the Company and Group Financial Statements and the related audit  
procedures performed by KPMG.  
The Supervisory Board examined the relevant drafts of the Board of Management at its meeting  
on 8 March 2018, after hearing the committee chairman’s report on the meeting of the Audit  
Committee. In both meetings, the Board of Management gave a detailed explanation of the  
financial reports it had prepared. Representatives of the external auditor were present at both  
meetings. They reported on the main findings of their audit, explained the key audit matters in  
the audits of the Company and Group Financial Statements and answered additional questions  
of members of the Supervisory Board.  
The representatives of the external auditor confirmed that the risk management system estab-  
lished by the Board of Management is capable of identifying at an early stage developments that  
might threaten the Company’s going-concern status. They confirmed that no material weaknesses  
in the internal control system and risk management system with regard to the financial reporting  
process were identified. Similarly, they did not identify in the course of their audit work any  
facts that were inconsistent with the contents of the Declaration of Compliance pursuant to  
§
161 AktG, issued by the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board.  
Based on thorough examination by the Audit Committee and the full Supervisory Board, we  
concurred with the results of the external audit. In accordance with the conclusion reached  
after the examination by the Audit Committee and the full Supervisory Board, no objections  
were raised. The Group and Company Financial Statements of BMWAG for the financial year  
2
017 prepared by the Board of Management were approved at the Supervisory Board meeting  
held on 8 March 2018. The financial statements have therefore been adopted.  
We also examined the proposal of the Board of Management to use the unappropriated profit to  
pay an increased dividend of €ꢀ 00 per share of common stock and €ꢀ 02 per share of non-voting  
preferred stock. We consider the proposal appropriate and have therefore approved it.  
4
.
4.  
1
7
On presentation of the Sustainable Value Report, the Audit Committee and the Supervisory  
Board also reviewed the separate non-financial report of BMWAG (Company and Group) at  
31 December 2017, which has been drawn up for the first time by the Board of Management. The  
audit firm PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH has performed a “limited assurance” review of these  
reports and issued an unqualified opinion thereon. The documents were carefully examined  
by the Audit Committee at its meeting on 26 February 2018 and by the Supervisory Board at  
its meeting on  
8 March 2018. The Board of Management gave a detailed explanation of the  
reports at both meetings. Representatives of the auditors attended both meetings, reported on  
significant findings and answered additional questions raised by the members of the Supervisory  
Board. The Supervisory Board acknowledged and approved the separate non-financial report  
(
Company and Group) drawn up by the Board of Management.  
Expression of appreciation by the Supervisory Board  
We wish to express our appreciation to the members of the Board of Management and the  
entire workforce worldwide of the BMW Group for their joint efforts and hard work, which have  
contributed to the outstanding performance for the financial year 2017.  
Munich, 8 March 2018  
On behalf of the Supervisory Board  
Norbert Reithofer  
ChairmanꢀofꢀtheꢀSupervisoryꢀBoard  
1
8
To Our  
Shareholders  
Statement of the  
Chairman  
of the Board of  
Management  
Harald Krüger  
Chairman of the Board of Management  
1
9
Dear Shareholders,  
Progress is not possible without change. Change is a constant in all of our lives. The BMW Group  
charts its own course – with innovation, determination and foresight. We want to offer  
solutions for the challenges of today and tomorrow. Each and every one of our associates is  
giving their all. Our corporate culture encourages values of openness and transparency in  
our everyday actions.  
Financial year 2017: goals accomplished  
At the BMW Group, we stand by our promises. And we deliver! We achieved our targets for the  
financial year 2017, with new all-time highs for automobile and motorcycle deliveries, as well as  
Group pre-tax earnings.  
BMW Group leads global premium segment in 2017  
More and more customers are buying vehicles built by the BMW Group. Our customers have made  
this company a leading manufacturer in the global premium segment for the past 14 years. For  
the seventh consecutive year, sales reached a new all-time high in 2017. As forecast, automotive  
deliveries rose slightly to 2.46 million vehicles. This represents an increase of 4.1 percent in a  
highly competitive environment.  
Our strong, emotional brands are extremely desirable to customers. In Fortune Magazineʼs  
Worldʼs Most Admired Companies”, the BMW Group is now the highest-ranked automobile  
manufacturer in the top 20 and the most admired European company.  
All-time highs for BMW, BMW M, MINI and BMW Motorrad  
Our core BMW brand once again sold more than two million vehicles in 2017 – over four percent  
more than the previous year. BMW M GmbH also contributed to this, reporting record deliveries  
of more than 80,000 M and M Performance models for the first time.  
MINI sales climbed more than 3 percent to over 370,000 vehicles. BMW Motorrad saw a significant  
increase, with deliveries of motorcycles and scooters up more than 13 percent to 164,000 units.  
In the ultra-luxury segment, Rolls-Royce was unable to match the previous yearʼs strong result.  
With the Phantom model changeover and in a difficult environment, sales decreased by around  
1
6 percent to 3,362 vehicles.  
Milestone: over 100,000 electrified vehicles sold  
Electric mobility is currently our main strategic focus. We reached an important milestone  
on the road to sustainable mobility last year, when I presented the 100,000th electrified  
vehicle sold by the BMW Group to its new owner at BMW Welt in Munich. It was a BMW i3,  
purchased by an 80-year-old customer – which just goes to show that it is never too late to  
switch to an electric car.  
In 2017, we delivered 103,080 cars with electrified drivetrains to customers. Overall, sales of our  
BMWi models together with BMW iPerformance and MINI Electric plug-in hybrids increased  
by two-thirds over the previous year.  
2
0
To Our  
Shareholders  
Every customer and every market counts  
It is part of our philosophy that every customer counts – and so does every market. We aim for a  
balanced distribution of sales across the main market regions of Europe, Asia and the Americas.  
This enables us to balance out regional market fluctuations.  
Statement of the  
Chairman  
of the Board of  
Management  
Asia was the main growth driver in 2017 and China the most important single market. In  
Mainland China, deliveries climbed to more than 590,000 vehicles. In Europe, sales remained  
on a par with the previous year, at around 1.1 million units, despite a downturn in the UK,  
with ongoing Brexit negotiations. In the Americas and the US, we saw slight decreases, with  
total sales of around 450,000 vehicles for the region. However, the trend has reversed in the US  
since late 2017.  
Our value creation is as global as it is flexible  
The high flexibility of our global production network lays the foundation for the BMW Groupʼs  
continued growth. In 2017, twice as many vehicles came off the production line than in 2009.  
The company currently operates 31 facilities in 14 countries, and we continue to invest in our  
locations in Germany and worldwide. A good example of this is the major expansion of our  
Dadong plant in Shenyang, China, which we operate as part of our joint venture with Brilliance  
China Automotive Holdings Ltd.  
In San Luis Potosí, Mexico, plant construction is proceeding according to schedule. We are already  
qualifying young specialists at our new training centre there. Over the next few years, we will  
see different types of drivetrains on the roads. We are preparing our sites for this diversity by  
creating flexible architectures and plants. This will allow us to produce models with efficient  
combustion engines alongside electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids. From 2020 on, the use of  
scalable modular electric construction kits will enable us to fit all model series with any type of  
drivetrain. This will make us extremely flexible, whichever way demand develops.  
Financial indicators reach new highs  
In the financial year 2017, Group revenues rose slightly to reach a new all-time high of 98  
euros. Earnings before tax posted a significant increase of 10 percent year-on-year and exceeded  
0 billion euros for the first time. Annual net profit was up 26 percent to 8.7 billion euros.  
.7 billion  
.
2
1
The Group financial statements also reflect the positive impact of the tax reform in the US. The  
EBIT margin in the Automotive segment stands at per cent and therefore remains within  
8.9  
our target range. The Financial Services segment once again made a significant contribution to  
the Group result, with pre-tax earnings of more than 2 billion euros.  
Significantly higher dividend  
Dear shareholders, your company remains on track for success – and it is only fitting that you  
should share in that success. The Board of Management and Supervisory Board will therefore  
propose to the Annual General Meeting that the unappropriated profit of BMWAG for the  
financial year 2017 be used to issue a dividend of 4.00 euros per share of common stock and  
4
.02 euros per share of preferred stock. That is the highest dividend the company has ever paid.  
BMWAG associates in Germany will also benefit from the companyʼs positive performance  
through our profit-sharing programme.  
2
1
The momentum will continue in financial year 2018  
Phase II of the biggest model offensive in our history  
In 2018, we will enter the second year of the biggest model offensive in our history. We will  
continue moving forward, with highly emotional new models like the BMWi8 Roadster and  
the BMW Z4.  
We are focusing on two segments in particular: first, the highly profitable luxury class. Here, we  
will be launching new luxury models like the BMW 8 Series, the BMW X7 and the Rolls-Royce  
Phantom onto the market. These will bring us closer to our goal of occupying the leading position  
in the luxury segment.  
2
018 will also be our “X year”, with the expansion of our highly successful BMW X family. As  
well as the X7, this will include the new X3 available since late last year, the cool new X2 and  
the new X4. I am sure our new X vehicles will totally appeal to our customers.  
Half a million electrified vehicles in total by the end of 2019  
Electrification will remain a top priority for us over the coming years. We aim to sell more than  
1
40,000 electrified vehicles in 2018 and have half a million electrified BMWs and MINIs on the  
roads by the end of 2019.  
When the BMWi3 was released in 2013, not many would have believed that the BMW Group  
would today be leading the market for electrified vehicles in Europe. Today, in this growing  
segment, we already have a much larger market share than in traditional drivetrains.  
All our brands will gradually be electrified. All electrified BMW models will become part of  
BMWi. We have a clear roadmap to 2025: in 2019, a battery-electric MINI; in 2020, the first fully  
electric model from the core BMW brand, the X3. These will be followed in 2021 by the iNEXT,  
our new technology flagship, which the whole company will learn from.  
BMW i Vision Dynamics eagerly awaited  
This concept car was one of the stars of the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2017. In the BMWi Vision  
Dynamics, we are targeting an electric range of 600 kilometres – fifth-generation storage and  
battery technology will make this possible.  
Electrification pays off:  
European fleet CO emissions continue to fall  
2
By stepping up the pace on sustainable drivetrains, we are also reducing our fleet CO2 emissions.  
This was also the case in 2017, even though the percentage of diesel vehicles decreased, partly  
due to the current discussions in Germany. Emissions figures for our new vehicle fleet in Europe  
currently stand at 122 grams of CO2 per kilometre. We have a clear objective to meet the European  
Unionʼs emissions requirements from 2021.  
2
2
To Our  
Shareholders  
Developing electric mobility infrastructure  
Against this backdrop, we are actively supporting infrastructure development. We aim to be a  
system provider for electric mobility: with ChargeNow and IONITY for charging infrastructure,  
the new BMW Energy Services business segment and our Battery Cell Competence Centre  
in Munich.  
Statement of the  
Chairman  
of the Board of  
Management  
The future belongs to autonomous driving  
We will officially open our campus for autonomous driving, just outside Munich, in spring 2018.  
Here, we will work with our partners, Intel and Mobileye, to develop autonomous driving – which  
we see as one of the main driving forces for the mobility of tomorrow. A growing number of  
renowned companies from different industries are joining our shared platform. We believe  
that security is vital to autonomous driving – not just with respect to the vehicles themselves,  
but also customer data.  
Ten million BMW Group vehicles are already connected via Connected Drive. It takes about  
25 million test kilometres to get an autonomous vehicle ready for series production. In 2018, our  
fleet of autonomous BMW 7 Series models will continue to collect data on the roads, mainly in  
Germany, Israel and California.  
Global expansion of the NOW family  
SystematicexpansionofourmobilityservicesisfirmlyanchoredinourStrategyNUMBER ONE  
> NEXT.  
In early 2018, we signed a contract to acquire 100 percent of DriveNow. Our premium car-sharing  
service already has over a million customers in 13 cities. A growing number of older people,  
families and business travellers are also using DriveNow. Our ReachNow service is available in  
the US and, since late 2017, also in China, in collaboration with a local partner.  
Finding a parking space is a problem for many drivers. Earlier this year, the BMW Group acquired  
Parkmobile LLC, in a move that makes us the largest provider of mobile parking services in  
North America and Europe, with 22 million customers in 1,000 cities.  
2
3
Dear Shareholders,  
These examples show how we are successfully shaping the future of mobility in all its different  
facets. With your support, we are transforming ourselves into a tech company for mobility  
with a clear focus on customers and service. You have given us your backing for our long-term  
approach with Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT. For that, I would like to thank you personally,  
and on behalf of the entire Board of Management and our associates worldwide.  
Our associates stand behind Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT  
According to our most recent employee survey, 90 percent of our associates say they are proud  
to work for the BMW Group. More than 80 percent say they are familiar with the target and  
content of our strategy. This shared understanding will give us even greater momentum. We all  
want the BMW Group to be the first place customers turn to for individual premium mobility  
experiences. We aim to be the clear number one.  
Your company delivers consistently high profitability  
Of course, dear shareholders, that also means ensuring your company remains profitable. The  
BMW Group has the financial resources to fund these upfront investments in the future – which  
gives us a clear competitive edge. Our R&D ratio will increase in 2018, from 6.5 to 7 percent, or  
around 7 billion euros. Expenditure will also remain high in 2019. For the past eight years, we  
have kept the EBIT margin in the Automotive segment within our target range of 8 to 10 percent,  
or higher, from one quarter to the next. We intend to maintain this high-level of consistency.  
Top-rated European automobile manufacturer  
Our sharp focus on the future, combined with solid financials, enables us to have easier  
access to international capital markets. Moodyʼs has upgraded BMW AGʼs long-term rating to  
A1. Our company also has the highest Standard & Poorʼs rating of any European automobile  
manufacturer.  
We will continue to follow our path, taking advantage of the opportunities that arise. By doing  
so, we can ensure that BMWAG remains an attractive investment over the long term and a  
company with a promising future.  
Harald Krüger  
Chairman of the Board of Management  
2
4
To Our  
Shareholders  
Over the course of 2017, capital markets were influ-  
enced by a favourable global economy. Positive growth  
signals coming from emerging markets as well as robust  
economic developments in industrialised countries  
made for an encouraging year on worldwide exchanges.  
BMW STOCK  
AND CAPITAL  
MARKETS  
BMW Stock and  
Capital Markets  
in 2017  
Development of BMW stock compared to stock  
market indices since 28 December 2012  
IN 2017  
09  
Ratings at top level  
in %  
Dividend proposal foresees  
significant increase  
200  
172.9  
169.7  
153.1  
www.bmwgroup.com/ir  
119.1  
1
0
00  
BMW  
preferred  
stock  
BMW  
common  
stock  
Prime  
Auto-  
mobile  
DAX  
Favourable year on stock markets  
A variety of factors influenced developments on  
stock markets during the period under report. The  
year began with considerable political uncertainty  
concerning future developments in the European  
Union (EU). Consequently, the German stock index  
(
1
DAX) recorded its low point for the year in February at  
1,510 points. Concerns about the stability of the EU  
abated following the strong election performance of  
pro-European parties in the Netherlands and France,  
providing the DAX with renewed upward momentum  
towards the middle of the year. Nevertheless, the  
ongoing tension between the USA and North Korea  
dampened the mood on stock markets perceptibly.  
In the autumn months, positive economic and job  
market figures in Germany contributed to an upswing  
on the stock market. Despite uncertainty surrounding  
the formation of a new government in Germany, the  
DAX remained stable during the final months of the  
year. Furthermore, the European Central Bank’s (ECB)  
decision to keep benchmark interest rates low – and  
thus maintain its expansionary monetary policy – had  
a beneficial impact on investor sentiment. In the USA  
,
the Federal Reserve gradually raised the reference  
interest rate. Likewise, the Bank of England increased  
interest rates for the first time in a decade. The reform  
bill passed to cut tax rates in the USA also fuelled  
hopes of further economic growth.  
2
5
BMW AG development of stock  
10  
Index: December 2012 = 100  
250  
200  
150  
100  
50  
250  
200  
150  
100  
50  
Prime Automobile  
DAX  
BMW preferred stock  
BMW common stock  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Source: Reuters.  
The DAX remained above the previous year’s closing  
level throughout the year. After the elections in the  
Netherlands and France, the index rose in June 2017  
BMW common stock followed the downward trend  
of the sector index during the first seven months of  
the year, finishing July 12.4% down on the previous  
year-end level. Its value picked up after the IAA, rising  
to its then high for the year of 12,889 points before  
retreating somewhat during the summer months.  
Thanks to a strong upturn lasting through to early  
to an interim high of €ꢀ89  
losing some ground during the remainder of the year,  
BMW common stock closed at €ꢀ86 83 % down over  
the year. BMW preferred stock finished the year at  
74.64, 2.7% up on its market price one year earlier.  
.97 in November 2017. After  
October, the DAX closed the year at 12  
,
918 points,  
.
, 2.2  
posting a significant gain for the period (+ꢀ12.5%).  
The EURO STOXX 50 recorded a 6.5% rise over the  
same period, finishing the year at 3,504 points.  
At the end of 2017, with market capitalisation amount-  
ing to some €ꢀ56 billion, the BMW Group was among  
.
3
Investor uncertainty caused the Prime Automobile  
Index to lose ground significantly during the first half  
of the year, driven by doubt as to whether the business  
models of German automobile manufacturers will  
remain profitable going forward. The debate about  
diesel engines had a further negative impact on the  
German automobile sector. The IAA motor show in  
Frankfurt am Main in September 2017 strengthened  
confidence on capital markets with the presentation  
of numerous initiatives in the field of electric mobility.  
The improvement in investor sentiment was reflect-  
ed in the sector index, which finished the year at  
the ten most valuable German enterprises listed on  
the stock market.  
1
,687 points, 12.0% up over the previous year.  
2
6
To Our  
Shareholders  
Ratings remain at top level  
Employee Share Programme  
For more than 40 years, BMWAG has enabled its  
employees to participate in its success. Since 1989  
this participation has taken the form of an Employee  
Thanks to its consistent future-oriented approach and  
solid financials, the BMW Group continues to be the  
best-rated carmaker in Europe.  
BMW Stock and  
Capital Markets  
in 2017  
,
Share Programme. A total of 491,114 shares of pre-  
ferred stock were issued to employees as part of this  
programme in 2017.  
Standard &  
Company rating  
Moody’s  
Poor’s  
Non-currentꢀfinancialꢀliabilities  
Currentꢀfinancialꢀliabilities  
Outlook  
A1  
P–1  
A+  
A–1  
In this context, and with the approval of the Super-  
visory Board, the Board of Management increased  
BMWAG’s share capital in 2017 by €ꢀ491,000 from  
stable  
stable  
657,109,600 to €ꢀ657,600,600 by issuing 491,000 new  
non-voting shares of preferred stock. This increase  
was executed on the basis of Authorised Capital 2014  
Since December 2013, BMWAG has had a long-term  
rating of A+ (stable outlook) and a short-term rating  
of A-1 from the rating agency Standard & Poor’s.  
This represents currently the highest rating given by  
Standard & Poor’s to a European car manufacturer.  
in Article  
4 (5) of the Articles of Incorporation. The  
new shares of preferred stock carry the same rights as  
existing shares of preferred stock. The newly issued  
shares of preferred stock for employees are entitled to  
receive dividends with effect from the financial year  
2018. In addition, 114 shares of preferred stock were  
acquired via the stock market or as a result of cancelled  
employee purchases relating to the previous year.  
In January 2017, Moody’s raised its long-term rating  
for BMWAG from A2 (positive outlook) to A1 (stable  
outlook). The P-1 short-term rating was confirmed.  
The improved assessment reflects the attractive  
product launches as part of the model offensive, the  
good position of the BMW Group with regard to the  
challenges faced by the automobile industry, a con-  
sistently strong operating performance and a solid  
financial and capital structure.  
Significant increase in dividend  
Due to the positive earnings development, the  
Board of Management and the Supervisory Board  
are proposing to the Annual General Meeting to use  
the net profit of BMWAG of €ꢀ2,630 million (2016:  
The ratings underline the BMW Group’s robust  
financial profile and excellent creditworthiness. As  
a result, the Company not only enjoys good access to  
international capital markets, but also benefits from  
attractive refinancing conditions.  
ꢀ2,300 million) for the payment of a dividend of  
ꢀ4.00 per share of common stock (2016: €ꢀ3.50) and a  
dividend of €ꢀ4.02 per share of preferred stock (2016:  
ꢀ3.52). The payout ratio for the year 2017 therefore  
stands at 30.2% (2016: 33.3%).  
2
7
BMW stock  
11  
2
017  
2016  
2015  
2014  
2013  
common stock  
Number of shares in 1,000  
Stockꢀexchangeꢀpriceꢀinꢀ€ꢀ1  
Year-end closing price  
High  
601,995  
601,995  
601,995  
601,995  
601,995  
86.83  
90.83  
77.71  
88.75  
92.25  
65.10  
97.63  
122.60  
75.68  
89.77  
95.51  
77.41  
85.22  
85.42  
63.93  
Low  
preFerred stock  
Number of shares in 1,000  
Stockꢀexchangeꢀpriceꢀinꢀ€ꢀ1  
Year-end closing price  
High  
55,605  
55,114  
54,809  
54,500  
54,260  
74.64  
78.89  
67.29  
72.70  
74.15  
56.53  
77.41  
92.19  
58.96  
67.84  
74.60  
59.08  
62.09  
64.65  
48.69  
Low  
key dAtA per shAre in €  
Dividend  
Common stock  
4.002  
4.022  
13.12  
13.14  
6.78  
3.50  
3.52  
3.20  
3.22  
9.70  
9.72  
8.23  
65.11  
2.90  
2.92  
8.83  
8.85  
5.30  
57.03  
2.60  
2.62  
8.08  
8.10  
4.58  
54.25  
Preferred stock  
Earnings per share of common stock3  
Earnings per share of preferred stock4  
FreeꢀcashꢀflowꢀAutomotiveꢀsegment  
Equity  
10.45  
10.47  
8.81  
82.95  
72.08  
1
Xetra closing prices.  
Proposedꢀbyꢀmanagement.  
Weightedꢀaverageꢀnumberꢀofꢀsharesꢀforꢀtheꢀyear.  
Stock weighted according to dividend entitlements.  
2
3
4
2
8
To Our  
Shareholders  
Intensive communication with capital markets  
continued  
BMW Stock and  
Capital Markets  
in 2017  
The BMW Group continued to inform analysts, inves-  
tors, and rating agencies throughout 2017 with regular  
quarterly and year-end financial reports. The com-  
prehensive information package provided for capital  
market participants included numerous one-on-one  
and group meetings, dedicated socially responsible  
investment (SRI) roadshows for investors using sustain  
-
ability criteria in their investment decisions, and debt  
roadshows for fixed-income investors and credit ana-  
lysts. Communication focused on the BMW Group’s  
new model offensive and answers to the challenges  
facing the automobile industry going forward. Topics  
discussed included autonomous driving and electric  
mobility. A further focus was the profitability of the  
BMW Group’s business models. In addition to partici-  
pating in various conferences and roadshows, product  
presentations and a technology workshop were held  
for analysts and investors in Munich.  
COMBINED MANAGEMENT  
REPORT  
Page 30 General Information and Group Profile  
Page 30 Organisation and Business Model  
Page 40 Management System  
2
Page 44 Report on Economic Position  
Page 44 General and Sector-specific Environment  
Page 48 Overall Assessment by Management  
Page 49 Financial and Non-financial Performance Indicators  
Page 52 Review of Operations  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Economic Position  
Outlook, Risks and  
Opportunities  
Page 52 Automotive Segment  
Page 58 Motorcycles Segment  
Page 59 Financial Services Segment  
Page 61 Research and Development  
Page 63 Purchasing and Supplier Network  
Page 64 Sales and Marketing  
Page 66 Workforce  
Page 68 Sustainability  
Page 72 Results of Operations, Financial Position and Net Assets  
Page 86 Comments on Financial Statements of BMW AG  
Page 90 Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities  
Page 90 Outlook  
Page 96 Risks and Opportunities  
Page 111 Internal Control System Relevant for Accounting  
and Financial Reporting Processes  
Page 112 Disclosures Relevant for Takeovers  
2
3
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
ORGANISATION AND  
GENERAL  
BUSINESS MODEL  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
www.bmwgroup.com/company  
INFORMATION  
AND GROUP  
PROFILE  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
This Combined Management Report incorporates the  
management reports of Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG) and the BMW Group.  
Fleet CO emissions again reduced  
2
General information on the BMW Group is provided  
below. There have been no significant changes com-  
pared to the previous year.  
6,108 million  
+
18.3 %  
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft  
Research and develop-  
ment expenditure up  
significantly  
(
BMW AG), based in Munich, Germany, is the parent  
company of the BMW Group. The general purpose of  
the Company is the production and sale of engines,  
engine-equipped vehicles, related accessories and  
products of the machinery and metal-working  
industry as well as the rendering of services related  
to the aforementioned items. The BMW Group is  
subdivided into the Automotive, Motorcycles and  
Financial Services operating segments. The seg-  
ment Other Entities primarily comprises holding  
companies and Group financing companies. The  
BMW Group operates on a global scale and is rep-  
resented in more than 150 countries. At the end of  
the reporting period, the BMW Group employed a  
workforce of 129,932 people.  
Founded in 1916 as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG  
(
BFW), Bayerische Motoren Werke G.ꢀm.ꢀb.ꢀH. came  
into being in 1917 before finally becoming Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG) in 1918  
The BMW Group comprises BMWAG and all subsidi-  
aries over which BMWAG has either direct or indirect  
control. BMWAG is also responsible for managing the  
BMW Group as a whole.  
.
With the three automobile brands BMW, MINI and  
Rolls-Royce, as well as the motorcycles business  
BMW Motorrad and the Financial Services busi-  
ness, the BMW Group gives its customers and their  
demands always the highest priority. The BMW Group  
is therefore one of the most successful makers of  
automobiles and motorcycles worldwide and among  
the largest industrial companies in Germany. It is the  
only manufacturer that focuses exclusively on the  
premium segment with all its brands. With BMW,  
MINI and Rolls-Royce, the BMW Group owns three  
of the best-known premium brands in the automotive  
industry. In addition to its strong market position in  
the premium segment of the global motorcycles sector,  
the BMW Group is also successful in the financial  
3
1
services business. Moreover, the BMW Group has  
developed in recent years into one of the leading  
providers of premium services for individual mobility.  
Motorcycles segment  
The Motorcycles business is also clearly focused on  
the premium segment. The model range currently  
comprises motorcycles for the Sport, Tour, Roadster,  
Heritage, Adventure and Urban Mobility segments.  
BMW Motorrad also offers a broad range of equip-  
ment options to enhance rider safety and comfort.  
The motorcycles sales network is organised similarly  
to that of the automobiles business. Currently, BMW  
motorcycles are sold by more than 1,200 dealerships  
and importers in over 90 countries.  
In 2016, the BMW Group presented its Strategy  
NUMBER ONE > NEXT. This builds on the previous  
strategy and expands its scope in light of new develop-  
ments and the social responsibility of the BMW Group.  
At the heart of Strategy NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT is a  
commitment to future-oriented activity with develop-  
ment of products, brands and services in the premium  
segment for individual mobility. New technologies such  
as alternative drivetrains, digitalisation and connec-  
tivity are further key areas of focus. The BMW Group  
is currently in the process of transformation from a  
traditional automobile maker to a customer-oriented  
mobility company. This means that customer focus will  
be given greater emphasis. All activities of the Group  
are oriented towards the customer.  
Financial Services segment  
The BMW Group is also a leading provider of finan-  
cial services in the automobile sector, operating  
more than 50 entities and cooperation arrangements  
with local financial services providers and importers  
worldwide. The segmentʼs main business is credit  
financing and the leasing of BMW Group brand cars  
and motorcycles to retail customers. Customers can  
also choose from an attractive array of insurance and  
banking products. Operating under the brand name  
Alphabet, the BMW Group’s international multi-brand  
fleet business provides financing and comprehen-  
sive management services for corporate car fleets  
in 19 countries. Through its multi-brand business  
Alphera, the BMW Group provides credit financing,  
leasing and other services to retail customers. The  
segment also supports the BMW Group’s dealership  
organisation, for example by financing dealership  
vehicle inventories.  
Presentation of segments  
In order to provide a better insight into the Group, this  
report also includes a presentation of the operating  
segments Automotive, Motorcycles and Financial  
Services.  
Automotive segment  
The core BMW brand caters to a broad array of cus-  
tomer requirements, ranging from fuel-efficient and  
innovative models equipped with Efficient Dynamics  
to efficient, high-performance BMW M vehicles. At the  
same time, the BMW Group continues to redefine the  
boundaries of premium with BMW i. With an even  
greater focus on innovation and sustainability, BMW  
i
embodies the vehicle of the future, with electric drive-  
train, intelligent lightweight construction, exceptional  
design and newly developed mobility services.  
The MINI brand is an icon promising supreme  
driving pleasure in the premium small car segment.  
Rolls-Royce is the strongest brand in the ultra-luxury  
segment with a tradition stretching back well over  
1
00 years. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars is specialised in  
bespoke customer experiences and offers the highest  
level of quality and service.  
The global sales network of the automobile business  
currently comprises around 3,400 BMW, 1,580 MINI  
and 140 Rolls-Royce dealerships. Within Germany, sales  
are conducted through branches of the BMW Group  
and independent authorised dealerships. Sales outside  
Germany are handled primarily by subsidiary compa-  
nies and by independent import companies in some  
markets. The BMWi dealership and agency network  
currently covers more than 1,500 locations.  
3
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Research and Development  
2. Connected  
The second strategic direction is summarised un-  
der the term Connected Drive, an integrated digi-  
tal concept in which the driver, the vehicle and  
the outside world are all able to interact with one  
another. The vehicle can be attuned to the individ-  
ual needs of each driver, thus making it a smart  
companion. In future, transferring certain tasks to  
the vehicle will broaden the range of options avail-  
able to the customer when driving. The time saved  
can be used for other purposes. This results in  
increased comfort for the driver and greater safety  
for road users in general. Numerous safety and  
comfort features already exist in BMW, MINI and  
Rolls-Royce brand automobiles as well as BMW  
Motorrad brand motorcycles. In 2021, the  
BMW iNEXT will take to the roads with an elec-  
tric drivetrain and full connectivity. It will also  
reach a new level on the way to autonomous  
driving.  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
A major factor in the success of the BMW Group is  
its consistent focus on the future. A long tradition of  
innovation is not only the basis of the BMW Group’s  
economic success, but an integral part of its corporate  
philosophy. Shaping individual mobility and finding  
innovative solutions today for the needs of tomorrow  
is a key driving force for the BMW Group. Research  
and development (R&D) are therefore of key import-  
ance for the BMW Group as a premium provider.  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
Research and  
Development  
With its Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT, the  
BMW Group is focusing on the topics of electric  
mobility, digitalisation and autonomous driving. The  
key trends of individual mobility are summarised  
at the BMW Group in the term ACES (Autonomous,  
Connected, Electrified, Services).  
Accordingly, the BMW Group’s R&D activities include  
the following four topics:  
3. Electrified  
One of the strategic objectives of the BMW Group  
is to continuously optimise the energy efficiency  
of automobiles and motorcycles, including elec-  
trification of the product range across all brands.  
Under the term Efficient Dynamics, the  
BMW Group has been successfully working on  
reducing fuel consumption and vehicle emissions  
through the development of highly efficient com-  
bustion engines, increasing electrification of drive-  
trains, intelligent lightweight construction,  
improved aerodynamics and coordinated energy  
management.  
1
. Autonomous  
Since 2017, the BMW Group has pooled its devel-  
opment expertise in the fields of vehicle connec-  
tivity and autonomous driving at its own develop-  
ment centre. More than 600 BMW Group  
employees are now working in cooperation with  
other partners at a campus near Munich, thereby  
developing and expanding the open platform  
for autonomous driving. By the end of the expan-  
sion, more than 2,000 employees will be work-  
ing at the new site towards achieving fully auto-  
nomous driving in fields ranging from software  
development to road testing.  
The BMWꢁi brand reflects Efficient Dynamics in its  
most systematic form. Flexible vehicle architec-  
ture, innovative electric and plug-in hybrid drive-  
trains and the use of new materials are the results  
of an integrated approach that is also reflected in  
a resource-efficient selection of materials and the  
intensive use of renewable energy in the production  
process. This contributes to a very favourable  
environmental footprint in BMWꢁi vehicles over the  
entire product life cycle.  
3
3
As part of the BMWꢁi brand, the BMW iPerformance  
range forms a model family of its own with plug-in  
hybrid drivetrains. All BMW iPerformance models  
are equipped with a smart energy management  
system that ensures ideal interaction between the  
combustion engine and the electric motor. The  
option to drive all-electric, added efficiency gained  
through electric assistance features and the  
spontaneous response characteristics provided by  
the additional electric drivetrain lead to a new  
harmony of driving pleasure and sustainability.  
The flexibility of the technologies used makes  
it possible to rapidly expand the broad range of  
iPerformance models to include further series  
as required.  
Against a backdrop of rapid technological change  
within the automotive industry, the BMW Group  
also enters into specific cooperation agreements with  
selected technology partners. The aim of collabor-  
ation with external partners, also across sectors, is  
to combine expertise in order to bring innovations to  
customers within the shortest time possible.  
A total of 14,047 people at 16 locations in five coun-  
tries worked in the BMW Group’s global research and  
development network at 31 December 2017.  
Research and development expenditure rose sig-  
nificantly year-on-year to €ꢀ6,108 million (2016:  
€ꢀ  
5
,
164 million; +ꢀ18  
.
3
%). The research and develop-  
% (2016 %).  
ment expenditure ratio stood at  
6
.
2
: 5.5  
With its MINI Electric, MINI is reinterpreting the  
urban tradition of the brand for the electric age  
and reinventing individual mobility for the city.  
The market launch of the first plug-in hybrid of  
the MINI brand (MINI Cooper S E Countryman  
ALL4: fuel consumption in lꢀ/ꢀ100 km (com-  
The ratio of capitalised development costs to total  
research and development expenditure for the peri-  
od (capitalisation rate) stood at 39.7% (2016: 40.5%).  
Amortisation of capitalised development costs totalled  
€ꢀ1,236 million (2016: €ꢀ1,222 million; +ꢀ1.1%). Further  
information on research and development expendi-  
ture is provided in the Report on Economic Position  
see (Results of Operations) and in note 7 of the Group  
bined) 2.3ꢁ–ꢁ2.1ꢀ/ꢀ/CO emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm (com-  
2
bined) 52ꢁ–ꢁ49ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀElectric power consumption  
in kWhꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 14.0ꢁ–ꢁ13.2) in sum-  
mer 2017 was followed by the presentation of  
the all-electric MINI Electric Concept at the IAA  
Cars in 2017. The series launch of all-electric  
MINI vehicles is scheduled to begin in 2019.  
note 7  
Financial Statements.  
In 2017, numerous awards and prizes once again  
underscored the BMW Group’s high level of inno-  
vation competence, above all in the areas of design,  
the use of innovative technologies and intelligent  
connectivity.  
The Vision 100 study presented for the Rolls-Royce  
brand in 2016 gave customers a first glimpse into  
the future of automobile luxury powered by electric  
drivetrains.  
4
. Services  
The fourth strategic direction relates to individual  
mobility services. The BMW Group aims to be  
the leading provider of premium mobility services  
going forward. To achieve this, it is essential to  
understand clearly the needs of its customers  
worldwide. This knowledge is the basis for pro-  
viding customers with an attractive, comprehen-  
sive range of services. This includes easy-to-use,  
digitally supported mobility services that also  
feature bring-and-collect services or help custom-  
ers find free parking spaces in urban environ-  
ments. Further information can be found in the  
section “Sales and Marketing”.  
3
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Sustainability  
The BMW Group attaches great importance to training  
and development of its workforce. In 2017, investment  
in training and development programmes across the  
Group amounted to €ꢀ349 million (2016: €ꢀ352 million).  
In addition, 1,554 trainees were hired worldwide. A  
total of 4,750 young people are currently undergoing  
vocational training or participating in internal pro-  
grammes to develop young talent.  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Long-term thinking and responsible action have long  
been the foundations of the BMW Group’s identi-  
ty and its economic success. As early as 1973, the  
BMW Group appointed an environmental officer in  
what was then a pioneering development within the  
automobile sector. Today, the Sustainability Board,  
comprising all members of the Board of Management,  
sets the strategic direction along with binding targets.  
Since 2001, the BMW Group has been committed to  
the United Nations Environment Programme, the  
UN Global Compact and the Cleaner Production  
Declaration.  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
Sustainability  
Production Network  
For several years now, the BMW Group has supported  
intercultural exchange. In partnership with the UN  
Alliance of Civilizations, the BMW Group presents  
the Intercultural Innovation Award for exemplary  
projects in this field.  
The principles and importance of sustainable business  
management are emphasised in the new Strategy  
NUMBER ONE > NEXT, which includes a clear com-  
mitment to preserving resources. The BMW Group  
remains fully committed to ecological and social  
sustainability along the entire value chain as well as  
to comprehensive product responsibility.  
For years, the BMW Group has ranked among the most  
sustainable companies in the automotive industry and  
is the only carmaker to have been listed consecutively  
in the renowned Dow Jones Sustainability Index since  
1
999.  
The BMW Group takes a holistic approach to sus-  
tainability management that encompasses the entire  
Further information on sustainability and human  
resources can be found in the sections “Workforce”  
and “Sustainability” in the Group Management Report  
and in the Sustainable Value Report 2017 published  
value chain. Apart from reduction of CO emissions,  
2
key components of the sustainability strategy include  
operational environmental protection, sustainability  
in the supply chain, employee orientation and social  
commitment.  
on the Company’s website at  
https://www.bmwgroup.com/svr.  
Since 1995, the BMW Group has cut the CO2 emis-  
sions of new cars sold in Europe (EU  
-
28) by more than  
28) in 2017  
4
2
%. Average CO2 emissions in Europe (EU-  
amounted to 122 gꢀ/ꢀkm (2016: 124 gꢀ/ꢀkm; –ꢀ1.6%). The  
systematic expansion of the Group’s vehicle fleet with  
alternative drivetrains as well as innovative mobility  
services have contributed significantly to the progress  
made. In 2017, for the first time more than 100,000  
electrified vehicles were sold in one year.  
The BMW Group has set itself the goal of being a  
leader in the use of renewable energy in production  
and the value chain. In 2017, 81% (2016: 63%) of  
the BMW Group’s electricity worldwide came from  
renewable sources.  
In view of increasingly complex supplier relationships,  
it is important for the BMW Group to work together  
with suppliers to increase transparency and resource  
efficiency along the supply chain. The aim is to require  
suppliers to comply with environmental and social  
standards across the value chain.  
3
5
Production Network  
The 19 BMW Group plants comprise 13 automobile and  
engine plants, two plants for BMW motorcycles, three  
sites for producing components, pressed parts and  
tools and one supply centre. In 2017, the BMW Group  
was already producing electrified vehicles at a total  
of nine locations.  
At the end of the reporting period, the Group’s pro-  
duction network totalled 31 locations in 14 countries.  
These comprise 19 BMW Group plants, five joint  
ventures, four partner plants and three contract  
production plants. The same quality, safety and sus-  
tainability standards apply for all plants throughout  
the BMW Group production network worldwide.  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
BmW Group plAnts  
Araquari  
Berlin  
Brazil  
Germany  
India  
BMW 3 Series, BMW X1, BMW X3, BMW X4  
BMWꢀmotorcycles,ꢀMaxi-Scooters,ꢀcarꢀbrakeꢀdiscs  
Chennai  
BMW 1 Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW 6 Series, BMW 7 Series,  
BMW X1, BMW X3, BMW X5  
Dingolfing  
Germany  
BMW 3 Series, BMW 4 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW 6 Series,  
BMW 7 Series, BMW M  
Chassis and drivetrain components  
Componentsꢀforꢀelectricꢀmobilityꢀ  
Rolls-Royceꢀbodywork,ꢀpressedꢀparts  
Eisenach  
Germany  
Toolmaking,ꢀouterꢀbodyꢀpartsꢀforꢀRolls-Royce,ꢀaluminiumꢀtanksꢀforꢀBMWꢀMotorrad  
Hams Hall  
United Kingdom  
Petrol engines for BMW, MINI  
BMWꢀi8ꢀplug-inꢀhybridꢀenginesꢀ  
Core engine parts  
Landshut  
Leipzig  
Germany  
Germany  
Brazil  
Lightweightꢀconstructionꢀcomponents,ꢀelectricꢀdrivetrainꢀsystemsꢀandꢀspecialꢀengines  
BMW 1 Series, BMW 2 Series, BMW i, BMW M  
Motorcycles  
Manaus  
Munich  
Germany  
BMW 3 Series, BMW 4 Series, BMW M  
Petrol and diesel engines, high-performance engines for M models  
Core engine parts  
Oxford  
United Kingdom  
Thailand  
MINI Hatch, MINI Clubman  
Rayong  
BMW 1 Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW 7 Series,  
BMW X1, BMW X3, BMW X4, BMW X5  
Motorcycles  
Regensburg  
Germany  
BMW 1 Series, BMW 2 Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW 4 Series,  
BMW X1, BMW X2, BMW M  
Rosslyn  
Spartanburg  
Steyr  
South Africa  
USA  
BMW 3 Series  
BMW X3, BMW X4, BMW X5, BMW X6, BMW M  
Austria  
Petrol and diesel engines for BMW and MINI  
Core engine parts  
High-performance engines for M models  
Swindon  
United Kingdom  
Pressedꢀpartsꢀandꢀbodyworkꢀcomponents  
Wackersdorf  
Germany  
Distribution centre for parts and components  
Cockpitꢀassemblyꢀ  
Processingꢀofꢀcarbonꢀfibreꢀcomponentsꢀ  
Rolls-RoyceꢀManufacturingꢀPlantꢀGoodwood  
United Kingdom  
Rolls-RoyceꢀPhantom,ꢀGhost,ꢀWraith,ꢀDawn  
3
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
The plants in Shenyang (China) are operated within  
the joint venture with Brilliance China Automotive  
Holdings Ltd. The Shenyang site comprises the  
Dadong and Tiexi automobile plants as well as an  
engine plant complete with foundry and battery  
factory.  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
Production Network  
Joint venture BmW BrilliAnce  
Automotive holdinGs ltd.  
Dadongꢀ(Shenyang)  
Tiexiꢀ(Shenyang)  
China  
China  
BMW 5 Series Extended-Wheelbase Version  
BMW 1 Series, BMW 2 Series, BMW 3 Series (and Extended-Wheelbase Version),  
BMW X1 Extended-Wheelbase Version  
Tiexiꢀ(Shenyang)  
China  
Petrol engines, production of core engine parts  
SGL Automotive Carbon Fibers (ACF) is a joint oper-  
ation of the BMW Group and the SGL Group. At the  
Moses Lake site in the state of Washington, USA, carbon  
fibres are produced for subsequent use in manufactur-  
ing carbon fibre fabrics in Wackersdorf.  
In November 2017, the SGL Group and the BMW Group  
signed an agreement, under which SGL Carbon SE will  
gradually acquire the BMW Group’s 49% stake in the  
joint operation SGL ACF. At the same time, an agreement  
exists for the continuation of the business relationship  
in future projects involving the use of carbon.  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
Joint operAtion  
sGl Automotive cArBon FiBers  
Moses Lake  
Wackersdorf  
USA  
Carbonꢀfibres  
Germany  
Carbonꢀfibreꢀfabrics  
3
7
The main function of the BMW Group’s four part-  
ner plants is to serve regional markets. During the  
year under report, BMW and MINI vehicles were  
manufactured in Kaliningrad (Russia), Cairo (Egypt),  
Jakarta (Indonesia) and Kulim (Malaysia).  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
PARTNER PꢀANTSꢁ  
Jakarta  
Indonesia  
BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW 7 Series, BMW X1, BMW X3, BMW X5  
BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW X1, BMW X3, BMW X4, BMW X5, BMW X6  
Cairo  
Egypt  
Kaliningrad  
Kulim  
Russia BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW 7 Series, BMW X1, BMW X3, BMW X4, BMW X5, BMW X6  
Malaysia  
BMW 1 Series, BMW 3 Series, BMW 5 Series, BMW 7 Series,  
BMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX4,ꢀBMWꢀX5,ꢀBMWꢀX6,ꢀMINIꢀCountrymanꢀ  
The BMW Group also awards production contracts  
to external partners for specific vehicle types and  
motorcycles. During the period under report, BMW  
andꢀ/ꢀor MINI models were produced by Magna  
Steyr AG & Co KG, Graz (Austria) and VDL Nedcar  
bv, Born (Netherlands). In addition, BMW motorcycles  
were manufactured by TVS Motor Company Limited,  
Hosur (India).  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
contrAct production  
Born  
Graz  
Netherlands  
Austria  
MINIꢀHatch,ꢀMINIꢀConvertible,ꢀMINIꢀCountryman,ꢀBMWꢀX1  
BMW 5 Series Sedan  
Hosur  
India  
Motorcycles  
3
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMW Group locations worldwide  
• 12  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
4
3
31  
16  
Sales subsidiaries and  
Financial Services  
Production and  
assembly plants  
Research and  
development  
locations  
locations worldwide  
Headquarters  
Russia  
India  
China  
Canada  
South Korea  
Japan  
usA  
Hong Kong  
Mexico  
Thailand  
Malaysia  
United Arab  
Emiratesꢂ  
Singaporeꢂ*  
Brazil  
Indonesiaꢂ*  
Australia  
Argentinaꢂ*  
South Africa  
New Zealand  
Research and development  
network outside Europe  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀDesignworks,ꢀNewburyꢀ  
Park, USA  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀTechnologyꢀOfficeꢀUSA,ꢀ  
Mountain View, USA  
BMW Group Engineering and  
Emission Test Center,  
Oxnard, USA  
Production  
outside Europe  
BMW Group plant Araquari, Brazil  
BMW Group plant Chennai, India  
BMW Group plant Manaus, Brazil  
BMW Group ConnectedDrive Lab  
China, Shanghai, China, and  
BMW Group Designworks Studio  
Shanghai, China  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀTechnologyꢀOffice,ꢀ  
Shanghai, China  
Partner plants  
outside Europe  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀRayong,ꢀThailand  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀRosslyn,ꢀSouthꢀAfrica  
BMW Group plant Spartanburg, USA  
BMW Brilliance Automotive, China  
BMW Group Engineering China,  
Beijing, China  
Partner plant, Hosur, India  
Partner plant, Jakarta, Indonesia  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀCairo,ꢀEgypt  
Partner plant, Kaliningrad, Russia  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀKulim,ꢀMalaysia  
BMW Group Engineering Japan,  
Tokyo,ꢀJapan  
(
joint venture – 3 plants)  
SGL Automotive Carbon Fibers  
joint operation – 2 plants)  
BMW Group Engineering USA,  
Woodcliff Lake, USA  
Sales subsidiaries and  
Financial Services  
locations worldwide  
(
BMWꢀTechnology,ꢀChicago,ꢀUSA  
*
ꢀSalesꢀlocationsꢀonly.  
3
9
BMW Group locations in Europe  
13  
Norway  
Sweden  
Germany  
Netherlands  
Finlandꢂ*  
uk  
Denmark  
Czech  
Republicꢂ*  
Ireland  
Polandꢂ*  
Austria  
Slovakiaꢂ*  
Hungaryꢂ*  
Belgium  
France  
Romaniaꢂ*  
Bulgariaꢂ*  
Switzerland  
Spain  
Portugal  
Italy  
Sloveniaꢂ*  
Malta  
Greece  
Production in Europe  
BMW Group plant Berlin  
Research and development  
network in Europe  
BMW Group Research and Innovation  
Centreꢀ(FIZ),ꢀMunich,ꢀGermany  
BMW Group plant Dingolfing  
BMW Group plant Eisenach  
BMW Group plant Landshut  
BMW Group plant Leipzig  
BMW Group plant Munich  
BMW Group plant Regensburg  
BMW Group plant Wackersdorf  
BMW Group Research and  
Technology,ꢀMunich,ꢀGermany  
BMW Group Autonomous Driving  
Campus,ꢀUnterschleißheim,ꢀGermany  
BMW Group Designworks, Munich,  
Germany  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀSteyr,ꢀAustria  
BMW Group plant Hams Hall, UK  
BMW Group plant Oxford, UK  
BMW Group plant Swindon, UK  
Partner plants  
in Europe  
Partner plant, Born,  
Netherlands  
ꢀB MWꢀCarꢀIT,ꢀMunich,ꢀGermany  
ꢀB MWꢀInnovationꢀandꢀTechnologyꢀ  
Centre,ꢀLandshut,ꢀGermany  
Sales subsidiaries and  
Financial Services  
locations Europe  
ꢀR olls-RoyceꢀManufacturingꢀPlant,ꢀ  
Goodwood, UK  
Partner plant, Graz,  
Austria  
BMW Diesel Competence Centre,  
Steyr,ꢀAustria  
4
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  
degrees of detail, depending on the level of aggre-  
gation. Operating management occurs primarily at  
segment level. In order to manage long-term Company  
performance and assess strategic issues, additional  
key performance indicators are taken into account  
within the management system at Group level. In this  
context, with effect from the beginning of the 2017  
financial year, the pre-tax return on sales has been  
introduced as a new indicator of earnings quality for  
the BMW Group as a whole. Value added continues  
to serve as an indicator for the contribution made  
to enterprise value during the financial year. This  
approach is made operational at both Group and  
segment level through key financial and non-finan-  
cial performance indicators (value drivers). The link  
between value added and the relevant value drivers  
is shown in simplified form in the following diagram.  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Management System  
The business management system applied by the  
BMW Group follows a value-based approach, with a  
clear focus on profitability, consistent growth, value  
increase for capital providers and safeguarding jobs.  
To ensure the desired degree of corporate autonomy,  
the Company’s available capital is to be profitably  
employed. The prerequisite is that the amount of  
profit generated sustainably exceeds the cost of the  
Company’s equity and debt capital.  
The BMW Group’s internal management system  
is based on a multi-layered structure with varying  
BMW Group – value drivers  
14  
Expenses  
Profit  
Return on sales  
Capital turnover  
Cost of capital  
÷
÷
×
Return on capital  
RoCE or RoE)  
Revenues  
Value added  
×
(
Capitalꢀemployed  
Average weighted  
cost of capital rate  
4
1
Due to the high level of aggregation, it is impractical  
to manage the business on the basis of value added.  
This key indicator therefore only serves for reporting  
purposes. Relevant value drivers having a significant  
impact on business performance and therefore on  
enterprise value are defined for each controlling level.  
The financial and non-financial value drivers are  
reflected in the key performance indicators used to  
manage the business. In the case of project decisions,  
the system provides a project-oriented management  
logic based on value or profitability measures. These  
provide a fundamental basis for decision-making.  
Services segment. These indicators combine a wide  
range of relevant economic information, such as prof-  
itability (return on sales) and capital efficiency (capital  
turnover), to provide a measurement of segment  
performance and the development of enterprise value.  
Automotive segment  
The most comprehensive key performance indica-  
tor used for the Automotive segment is RoCE. This  
indicator provides information on the profitability of  
capital employed and the operational business. RoCE  
is measured on the basis of segment profit before  
financial result and the average capital employed in  
the segment. The strategic target for the Automotive  
segment’s RoCE is 26%.  
Management of operating performance  
at segment level  
Operating performance at segment level is managed  
at an aggregated level on the basis of returns on capi-  
see sections  
Performance  
Indicators and  
Profit before  
tal. Depending on the business model, the segments Outlook  
financial result  
are measured on the basis of return on total capital  
or equity. Specifically, return on capital employed  
RoCE Automotive  
=
Average capital  
employed  
(
RoCE) is used for the Automotive and Motorcycles  
segments and return on equity (RoE) for the Financial  
Return on capital employed  
15  
Average  
Profit before financial result in € million  
capital employed in € million  
Return on capital employed in %  
2
017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
Automotive  
7,863  
7,695  
10,009  
10,361  
78.6  
74.3  
Capital employed corresponds to the sum of all cur-  
rent and non-current operational assets, less liabilities  
that do not incur interest (e.ꢀg. trade payables and  
other provisions).  
By managing the business on the basis of key value  
drivers, it is possible to gain a better understanding  
of the causes of changes in the RoCE and to define  
suitable measures to influence it.  
Due to its key importance for the Group as a whole,  
the Automotive segment is managed on the basis of  
additional key performance indicators which have a  
significant impact on RoCE and hence on segment  
performance. These value drivers are sales volume,  
segment revenues and the operating return on sales  
(
EBIT margin: profitꢀ/ꢀloss before financial result as  
a percentage of revenues) as the key performance  
indicator for segment profitability. The management  
system also takes into account average CO2 emissions  
for the fleet, which, through their influence on ongoing  
development costs and due to regulatory requirements,  
can have a significant long-term impact on Group  
performance. Fleet emissions correspond to average  
CO2 emissions of new cars sold in the EU-28 countries.  
4
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Motorcycles segment  
Profit before  
As with the Automotive segment, the Motorcycles  
segment is managed on the basis of RoCE. Capital  
employed is determined on the same basis as in the  
Automotive segment. The strategic RoCE target for  
the Motorcycles segment is 26%.  
financial result  
rꢀce  
Motorcycles  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
=
Management System  
Average capital  
employed  
Return on capital employed  
16  
Average  
Profit before financial result in € million  
capital employed in € million  
Return on capital employed in %  
2
017  
2016  
2017  
609  
2016  
2017  
2016  
Motorcycles  
207  
187  
566  
34.0  
33.0  
In view of the increasing strategic importance of the  
segment, the operating return on sales (EBIT margin:  
profitꢀ/ꢀloss before financial result as a percentage of  
revenues) was adopted in the year under report as a  
key performance indicator. The long-term target range  
is between 8 and 10%. In conjunction with the non-  
financial value driver sales volume, this will enable  
RoCE development to be understood in greater detail.  
of return on equity. RoE is defined as segment profit  
before tax, divided by the average amount of equity  
capital in the Financial Services segment. In view  
of generally increasing regulatory requirements, a  
greater amount of equity capital will be allocated to  
the segment in future, which will result in a lower  
RoE. In this context, the long-term target return will  
be changed with effect from 2018 from at least 18%  
currently to at least 14%.  
Profit before tax  
RoE Financial  
Financial Services segment  
As is common practice in the banking sector, the  
Financial Services segment is managed on the basis  
=
Services  
Average equity capital  
Return on equity  
17  
Profit before tax in € million  
017  
Average equity capital in € million  
Return on equity in %  
2017  
2
2016  
2017  
2016  
2016  
Financial Services  
2,207  
2,166  
12,167  
10,236  
18.1  
21.2  
4
3
Strategic management at Group level  
return on sales and value added. Value added, as  
a highly aggregated performance indicator, also  
provides an insight into capital efficiency and the  
(opportunity) cost of capital required to generate  
Group profit. A positive value added means that a  
company is generating more value than the cost of  
capital.  
Strategic management and quantification of financial  
implications within the long-term corporate planning  
are performed primarily at Group level. The key  
performance indicators are Group profit before tax  
and the size of the Group’s workforce at the year-end.  
Group profit before tax provides a comprehensive  
measure of the Group’s overall performance after  
consolidation effects and a transparent basis for com-  
paring performance, particularly over time. The size of  
the Group’s workforce is monitored as an additional  
key non-financial performance indicator.  
Value added  
Group  
earnings amount  
cost of capital  
=
=
earnings amount  
(cost of capital rate  
capital employed)  
The information provided by these two key perfor-  
mance indicators is further complemented by pre-tax  
×
Earnings amount  
2017  
Cost of capital (equity + debt capital)  
Value added Group  
2017  
in € million  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2016  
BMW Group  
10,958  
10,000  
6,843  
6,407  
4,115  
3,593  
Capital employed comprises the average amount of  
Group equity employed during the year as a whole,  
the financial liabilities of the Automotive and Motor-  
cycles segments, and pension provisions. The earnings  
amount corresponds to Group profit before tax, adjust-  
ed for interest expense incurred in conjunction with  
the pension provision and on the financial liabilities of  
the Automotive and Motorcycles segments (earnings  
before interest expense and taxes). The cost of capital  
is the minimum rate of return expected by capital  
providers in return for the capital employed. Since  
capital employed comprises an equity capital (e.ꢀg.  
share capital) and a debt capital element (e.ꢀg. bonds),  
the overall cost of capital rate is determined on the  
basis of the weighted average rates for equity and debt  
capital, measured using standard market procedures.  
The pre-tax average weighted cost of capital for the  
BMW Group in 2017 was 12%, unchanged from the  
previous year.  
Project decisions are based on calculations derived  
from the expected cash flows of the individual project.  
Calculations are made for the full term of a project,  
incorporating future years in which the project is  
expected to generate cash flows. Project decisions  
are taken on the basis of net present value and the  
internal rate of return calculated for the project.  
The net present value of a project indicates the extent  
to which a project will be able to generate a positive  
contribution to earnings over and above the cost of  
capital. A project with a positive net present value  
enhances value added and therefore results in an  
increase in enterprise value. The internal rate of return  
of the project corresponds to the average return on  
capital employed in the project. It is equivalent to the  
multi-year average RoCE for an individual project. It is  
therefore consistent with one of the key performance  
indicators.  
For all project decisions, the project criteria and  
long-term periodic results impact are measured and  
incorporated in the long-term Group forecast. This  
approach enables an analysis of the impact of pro-  
ject decisions on periodic earnings and profitability  
over the term of each project. The overall result is a  
cohesive management model.  
Value-based project management  
Operational business in the Automotive and Motor-  
cycles segments is largely shaped by its life-cycle-  
dependent project character. Projects have a substantial  
influence on future business performance. Project  
decisions are therefore a crucial component of financial  
management in the BMW Group.  
4
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
GENERAL AND  
SECTOR-SPECIFIC  
ENVIRONMENT  
REPORT  
Report on  
Economic Position  
ON ECONOMIC  
POSITION  
General and Sector-  
specific Environment  
Best-ever sales volume for  
automobiles and motorcycles  
General economic environment  
Compared to the previous year, the global economy  
improved noticeably during the period under report  
with a growth rate of 3.7%. The economic upturn  
extended to all regions of the world, regardless of  
political uncertainties. The Chinese economy also  
grew at a faster rate.  
10,655 million  
+
10.2 %  
Group profit up  
significantly  
The eurozone recorded its fourth consecutive year of  
growth in 2017. At 2.5%, the region even registered  
its biggest increase in gross domestic product (GDP)  
since the financial crisis. With economic output up in  
Germany (+2.2%), France (+ꢀ1.9%), Italy (+ꢀ1.5%) and  
Spain (+3.1%), GDP growth within the eurozone was  
broadly based. The favourable order-book levels of  
industrial companies, rising exports and an increased  
willingness to invest contributed to this positive  
development. This led, amongst others, to a drop in  
unemployment from recent high levels to their low-  
est level for several years. Despite rising government  
spending, the debt ratio for the 19 eurozone countries  
dropped slightly to 88% of GDP.  
In the United Kingdom, uncertainty regarding the  
country’s future relations with the EU continued to  
dominate. Previously favourable consumer sentiment  
within private households subsided perceptibly and  
the public sector was able to make only a moderate  
contribution to economic growth. As a consequence,  
economic growth slowed for the third time in succes-  
sion to stand at 1.8%. The situation was aggravated by  
the Bank of England’s raising interest rates in order  
to dampen price inflation. The weak pound, on the  
other hand, caused exports to pick up significantly  
during the period under report and restricted import  
growth, resulting in a lower current account deficit.  
Economic output in the USA continued to expand  
at a robust rate of 2.3% in 2017. Private domestic  
demand, boosted in part by low unemployment, was  
a key source of momentum for the economy. Exports  
and industrial production also grew strongly. In light  
of these factors, the US Federal Reserve raised interest  
rates further over the course of the year and changed  
its reinvestment policy for securities.  
4
5
China’s GDP grew by 6.9% in 2017, driven by further  
year-on-year growth in industrial production. Demand  
from private households remained at a similarly high  
level to previous years. However, rising levels of debt  
within the private sector prompted the central bank to  
tighten monetary policy. As a result, the increase in the  
price of real estate in China’s largest cities was halved.  
Currency markets  
The US dollarꢀ/ꢀeuro exchange rate fluctuated between  
1.04 and 1.20 US dollars to the euro during 2017 and  
weakened slightly on average to 1.13 US dollars to the  
euro. As announced, the US Federal Reserve raised its  
benchmark interest rates during the year under report,  
thus continuing on its less expansionary monetary  
course. The ECB reduced the volume of its purchases  
of securities during the same period.  
At 1.7 %, the Japanese economy grew far more dy-  
namically in 2017 than in previous years. Consumer  
spending and demand for capital goods increased,  
in part substantially. Exports also increased strongly  
due to the weak yen. Industrial production grew at  
the fastest rate since 2010.  
Fluctuations in the value of the British pound currently  
also reflect political uncertainty. At the beginning of  
2017, the pound was able to regain some ground. With  
new elections resulting in a minority government,  
doubts emerged regarding the United Kingdom’s  
future political course and its economic performance.  
The value of the British currency fell from 0.84 to an  
Solid GDP growth was also registered for emerging  
markets overall. Russia (+ꢀ1.5 %) and Brazil (+0.9 %)  
both returned to growth. The upswing in Russia  
was broadly based, with private demand picking  
up noticeably and both investment and industrial  
production also recovering. By contrast, economic  
growth in Brazil was able to gain only moderate  
momentum. Although industrial production rose  
moderately, domestic consumer spending remained  
flat and investment spending even fell for the fourth  
year in succession.  
interim rate of 0.93 pounds to the euro, ending the  
year with an average rate of 0.88 pounds to the euro.  
The Chinese renminbi again lost value year-on-year,  
with an average exchange rate of  
euro for the period. The Japanese yen fell by about  
% in 2017. The average exchange rate for the year  
7.63 renminbi to the  
5
was 127 yen to the euro.  
By contrast, the currencies of major emerging econ-  
omies rose in value during the reporting period. The  
Russian rouble and the Brazilian real gained some  
12% and 7% respectively against the euro. The Indian  
rupee appreciated by just 1% against the euro.  
After a relatively weak first half of 2017 in India, due  
to the impact of the switch to new banknotes, the  
economy experienced a turnaround during the second  
half of the year. Over the year as a whole, the Indian  
economy recorded a 6.6% increase in GDP.  
Exchange rates compared to the euro  
18  
Index: December 2012 = 100  
250  
200  
150  
100  
50  
250  
200  
150  
100  
50  
Russian Rouble  
Japanese Yen  
British Pound  
Chinese Renminbi  
US Dollar  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Source: Reuters.  
4
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Oil price trend  
• 19  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Price per barrel of Brent Crude  
General and Sector-  
specific Environment  
150  
100  
50  
0
150  
100  
50  
Price in US Dollar  
Priceꢀinꢀ€  
0
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Source: Reuters.  
Precious metals price trend  
20  
Index: December 2012 = 100  
150  
100  
50  
0
150  
100  
50  
Palladium  
Gold  
Platinum  
0
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Source: Reuters.  
4
7
Energy and raw materials prices  
International automobile markets  
The agreement reached between the Organisation  
of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other  
countries to cut back crude oil production proved  
stable during the year under report and was extended  
at the end of 2017. Against this backdrop, the price  
of Brent crude oil per barrel rose from an average of  
Registrations of passenger cars and light commercial  
vehicles on international automobile markets grew by  
1.9% to 87.7 million units in 2017. The overall positive  
trend from the previous year therefore continued,  
albeit at a less dynamic pace. Momentum came pri-  
marily from Europe (15.6 million units; +3.3%) and  
4
4 US dollars in 2016 to 54 US dollars in 2017.  
China (24.7 million units; +2.4%). By contrast, regis-  
trations in the USA fell by 1.8% to 17.2 million units.  
The robust economy also boosted demand for precious  
and non-ferrous metals in 2017. The average price of  
raw materials relevant for the BMW Group increased  
in part significantly by between 15 and 40% year-on-  
year. On the production side, stricter environmental  
regulations and severe weather events resulted in  
reduced supply availability.  
In Europe, Italy (2.0 million units; +8.0%) and Spain  
(1.2 million units; +7.7%) recorded robust growth.  
French and German markets both performed better  
than one year earlier, recording increases of 4.8%  
to 2.1 million units and 2.7% to 3.4 million units  
respectively. The UK automobile market was domi-  
nated during the year under report by uncertainty  
regarding the Brexit negotiations, causing the number  
of registrations to drop by 5.7% to 2.5 million units.  
Steel markets developed similarly, with prices for  
the input materials iron ore and coking coal rising  
again in 2017. In addition, both the USA and the EU  
continued to apply protectionist measures on steel  
products from various countries. At the same time, the  
wave of consolidation in the steel industry continued.  
Japan saw a turnaround on the domestic automobile  
market in 2017, with new registrations rising signifi-  
cantly by 5.5% to 5.0 million units.  
Automobile markets in major emerging economies  
Steel price trend  
came out of recession in much stronger health in 2017.  
Russia saw a 16 % increase to million units, while  
registrations in Brazil grew by % to million units.  
21  
.
1
1.5  
9
.
9
1.9  
Index: January 2013 = 100  
International motorcycle markets  
Motorcycle markets in the 250 cc plus class developed  
inconsistently in 2017. Worldwide, motorcycle registra-  
1
9
6
20  
tions were slightly down on the previous year (–ꢀ1  
Motorcycle registrations in Europe increased by  
However, declining markets in Germany (–ꢀ12  
the UK (– %) had a dampening effect on the overall  
.
1
5
%).  
%.  
.
8
0
.9%) and  
2.1  
performance. By contrast, increases were recorded  
for Spain (+3.8%) and France (+6.6%). A particularly  
strong rise of 14.3% was registered in Italy. The abso-  
lute number of new registrations in Italy was therefore  
higher than in Germany for the first time since 2012.  
The US market fell short of the previous year’s level  
for the second year in succession (–5.4%).  
0
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Source:ꢀWorkingꢀGroupꢀforꢀtheꢀIronꢀandꢀMetalꢀProcessingꢀIndustry.  
4
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
International interest rate environment and  
development of pre-owned vehicle prices in the  
premium segment  
The global economy gained momentum in 2017. Major  
central banks supported this development with their  
continued expansionary policy. Over the course of  
the year, however, they also took measures partly to  
tighten monetary policy.  
OVERALL ASSESSMENT  
BY MANAGEMENT  
Report on  
Economic Position  
General and Sector-  
specific Environment  
Overall Assessment  
by Management  
Financial and Non-  
financial Perfor-  
mance Indicators  
Overall assessment of business performance  
The BMW Group can look back on a successful  
business performance in 2017, despite growing  
uncertainties in the international environment and  
increased competition. The overall picture for the  
results of operations, financial position and net assets  
was positive. Overall, the business development met  
or even exceeded management expectations. This  
assessment also takes into account events after the  
end of the reporting period.  
The ECB, on the other hand, continued its monetary  
policy. In October, it announced it would halve the  
volume of its bond purchases with effect from Janu-  
ary 2018. This news was perceived by capital markets  
as a sign of a less expansionary monetary policy rather  
than a turnaround.  
High import costs brought about by the weakening  
of the British pound since the Brexit decision caused  
inflation in the UK to rise above its target of 2% over  
the course of the year. In a bid to counteract this devel-  
opment, the Bank of England decided in November  
to raise its interest rate by 25 basis points to 0.5%.  
During 2017, the US Federal Reserve continued the  
process of normalising its monetary policy. In the  
course of the year, it resolved on three occasions to  
raise the benchmark interest rate, in each case by 0.25%  
and to gradually reduce the size of its balance sheet.  
After a strong performance in the first half of the  
year, economic momentum in China dropped slightly  
in the second half. At the same time, inflation rose  
moderately, driven by rising raw material prices. After  
repeated increases in money market interest rates,  
the Chinese central bank decided against any further  
tightening of its monetary policy in the second half  
of the year.  
The Japanese economy gained pace in 2017 and unem-  
ployment fell to a 20-year low. As the inflation rate  
remained well below the target of 2%, the Japanese  
central bank decided to retain its highly expansionary  
monetary policy.  
In some European countries, in particular Germany  
and the UK, diesel engines were often the subject of  
political discussions in 2017. Pre-owned car markets  
in the premium segment responded here with price  
declines for diesel vehicles. In mainland Europe,  
prices for petrol vehicles remained stable or even  
rose slightly, resulting in stable price levels overall.  
In the UK a similar effect was seen for pre-owned  
diesel and petrol vehicles, however the overall market  
for pre-owned premium vehicles was slightly down on  
previous years. Prices for pre-owned vehicles were also  
slightly down in North America. Markets in Asia have  
so far been unaffected by discussions about types of  
engine. Prices in this region were stable in 2017 and  
even slightly up in China.  
4
9
FINANCIAL AND NON-  
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE  
INDICATORS  
Automotive segment  
Deliveries to customers: slight increase  
In 2017, the Automotive segment sold a record number  
of vehicles for the seventh year in succession. Despite  
growing political and economic uncertainties in the  
international environment, deliveries to customers  
1
1
Including the increased slightly by 4.1 % to a total of 2,463,526ꢀ  
joint venture  
BMW  
367  
,
MINI and Rolls-Royce brand vehicles (2016  
:
BMW Brilliance  
Automotive Ltd.,  
1
2
,
,
603ꢀ units). Dynamic market conditions, par-  
The following section provides information on the key  
financial and non-financial performance indicators for  
the Group and segments. They are used as the basis for  
internal management of the BMW Group. As part of  
the analysis of operations and the financial condition  
of the BMW Group, forecasts made the previous year  
for the financial year 2017 are compared with the  
actual business development in 2017.  
ticularly in Asia, had a positive impact on automobile  
sales volumes. In Europe, sales volume remained at  
the previous year’s high level despite slightly lower  
deliveries to customers in Germany and the UK. Sales  
volume in the Americas region, however, was slightly  
down on the previous year.  
(
2017: 384,124  
units, 2016:  
16,200 units).  
3
Sales of the core BMW brand increased slightly by  
1
4
.
2
% to  
2
003  
,
088  
,
,
283ꢀ units in the year under report  
1
(
2016  
:
2
,
359ꢀ units). MINI also recorded slight  
Group  
growth, with deliveries up by 3.2 % to 371,881 units  
2016 360 233 units). Rolls-Royce Motor Cars sold  
3,362 units (2016: 4,011 units; –ꢀ16.2 %).  
Profit before tax: significant increase  
Group profit before tax increased significantly year-  
on-year by 10.2 % to €ꢀ10,655 million and therefore  
(
:
,
surpassed expectations (2016: €ꢀ  
9
,
665 million). In  
As foreseen in the outlook for the financial year 2017,  
Automotive segment sales volumes increased slightly  
and were therefore in line with expectations.  
the Quarterly Report to 30 September 2017, the  
BMW Group predicted a solid increase in Group  
profit before tax. In the Annual Report 2016, a slight  
increase had been foreseen.  
2
2
EU-28. Fleet carbon dioxide (CO ) emissionsꢂ :  
2
slight decrease  
The BMW Group profited among other things from  
strong volume growth in the Automotive and Motor-  
cycles segments. The significantly higher financial  
result also played an important role. This included a  
substantial contribution from the result from equity  
accounted investments, which grew as a result of  
improved performance of the joint venture BMW  
Brilliance Automotive Ltd., Shenyang, as well as  
valuation effects arising from the participation of new  
investors in the HERE mapping service. Furthermore,  
commodity derivatives gave rise to further positive  
valuation effects in other financial result, particularly  
in the final quarter of the year.  
The fleet-wide deployment of Efficient Dynamics  
technologies and the increasing proportion of  
electrified automobiles are effectively reducing  
vehicle CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions from the vehi-  
cle fleet sold in Europe (EU-28) decreased slightly  
in the year under report to 122  
g CO2 /ꢀkm (2016:  
124 g CO /ꢀkm; –ꢀ1.6 %).  
2
As foreseen in the outlook for the full year 2017, fleet  
carbon emissions fell slightly and were therefore in  
line with forecast.  
Workforce at year-end: slight increase  
The BMW Group workforce consisted of 129  
ees at the end of the reporting period (31 Decem-  
ber 2016 124 729 employees; + %). Projects relating  
,932 employ-  
:
,
4.2  
to the electrification of vehicles, autonomous driving  
and the new model offensive played a major role in  
the workforce increase. Growth in automobile and  
motorcycle business and the expansion of financial  
and mobility services also contributed to the higher  
head count.  
As foreseen in the outlook for the financial year  
2
017, there was a slight increase in the size of the  
BMW Group’s workforce, which was thus in line with  
expectations.  
5
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Revenues: slight increase  
Automotive segment revenues rose by  
Motorcycles segment  
Deliveries to customers: significant increase  
The Motorcycles segment reported significant growth  
2
.
5
% in 2017 to  
a new high level of €ꢀ88  
slightly up on the previous year (2016: €ꢀ86  
,
581 million and were therefore  
424 million).  
Report on  
Economic Position  
,
in 2017, with deliveries to customers rising by 13  
164 153 units (2016 145 032 units). This performance  
not only set a new record, it also took the single-year  
.2% to  
Financial and Non-  
financial Perfor-  
mance Indicators  
The favourable translation effects on foreign currencies,  
which led to an upward revision of the outlook for  
revenues at the end of the first half-year, could not  
be realised, as reported in the Quarterly Report to  
,
:
,
sales volume figure above the 150,000 mark for the  
first time.  
3
0 September 2017.  
As foreseen in the outlook for the financial year 2017,  
Motorcycles segment sales volumes increased signif-  
icantly and were therefore in line with expectations.  
The forecast of a slight rise in Automotive segment  
revenues made in the Annual Report 2016 was there-  
fore confirmed.  
eBit margin in target range of between 8 and 10%  
The EBIT margin in the Motorcycles segment (profit  
before financial result divided by revenues) came in at  
eBit margin in target range of between 8 and 10%  
The EBIT margin in the Automotive segment (profit  
before financial result divided by revenues) came in  
9.1% (2016: 9.0%; +0.1 percentage point). As foreseen  
unchanged at  
8
.
9
% compared to the previous year. As  
for the financial year 2017, the EBIT margin was within  
the target range of between 8 and 10% and therefore  
in line with expectations.  
foreseen for the financial year 2017, the EBIT margin  
in the Automotive segment was therefore within the  
target range of between 8 and 10% and in line with  
expectations.  
Return on capital employed: slight increase  
The return on capital employed (RoCE) of the Motorcy-  
Return on capital employed: slight increase  
The return on capital employed (RoCE) increased to  
cles segment increased slightly by 1.0 percentage point  
to 34 % (2016 33 %), mainly reflecting effective  
.
0
:
.0  
7
8.6% (2016: 74.3%; +4.3 percentage points), reflect-  
working capital management and the improvement  
in earnings.  
ing the improvement in capital employed and the  
positive segment earnings development, which was  
better than expected. Higher deferred income from  
Connected Drive and service contracts also had an  
impact.  
The outlook for RoCE, which had been raised in the  
Quarterly Report to 30 June 2017 from in line with  
last year’s level to a slight increase, was achieved. In  
the Annual Report 2016, RoCE in line with last year’s  
level had been foreseen.  
The outlook for RoCE, which had already been raised  
in the Quarterly Report to 30 June 2017 from a slight  
decrease to in line with last year’s level was once more  
exceeded. The RoCE of the Automotive segment in  
2
017 was therefore once again well above the mini-  
mum target of 26%.  
5
1
Financial Services segment  
Return on equity: slight decrease  
As predicted in the Annual Report 2016, the return  
on equity of the Financial Services segment was lower  
the impact of more stringent regulatory requirements  
for equity capital. Nevertheless, the internal RoE tar-  
get of at least 18% was once more achieved.  
than one year earlier, at 18  
centage points). The slight decrease mainly reflected  
.
1
% (2016  
:
21  
.
2
%; –  
3
.
1
per-  
The key performance indicators of the BMW Group  
and its segments can be summarised as below:  
BMW Group comparison of 2017 forecasts with actual outcomes 2017  
22  
Forecast for 2017  
in 2016 Annual Report  
Forecast revision  
during the year  
Actual outcome  
in 2017  
Group  
Profitꢀbeforeꢀtax  
Workforceꢀatꢀyear-end  
slight increase  
slight increase  
Q3: solid increase  
€ꢀmillion  
10,655 (+ 10.2 %)  
129,932 (+ 4.2 %)  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveries to customers1  
Fleet emissions2  
slight increase  
slight decrease  
units  
2,463,526 (+ 4.1 %)  
122 (–1.6 %)  
2
g CO / km  
Q2: solid increase  
Q3: slight increase  
Revenues  
slight increase  
€ꢀmillion  
88,581 (+ 2.5 %)  
8.9 (–)  
target range  
between 8 and 10  
EBIT margin  
%
%
Q2: in line with  
lastꢀyear’sꢀlevel  
Returnꢀonꢀcapitalꢀemployed  
slight decrease  
78.6 (+ 4.3 %pts)  
motorcycles seGment  
Deliveries to customers  
significantꢀincrease  
units  
164,153 (+13.2 %)  
target range  
between 8 and 10  
EBIT margin  
%
%
9.1 (+ 0.1 %pts)  
34.0 (+ 1.0 %pts)  
Returnꢀonꢀcapitalꢀemployed  
inꢀlineꢀwithꢀlastꢀyear’sꢀlevel  
Q2: slight increase  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
Returnꢀonꢀequity  
slight decrease  
%
18.1 (– 3.1 %pts)  
1
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀ Sꢀ henyangꢀ(2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits).  
EU-28.  
2
5
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS  
of its three brands, matching the previous year’s high  
figure (2016 092 155 units; + %). In Germany,  
deliveries to customers fell slightly year-on-year to  
295 805 units (2016 298 928 units; –ꢀ1 %). In the UK  
sales volume at 241,674 units was also down on the  
previous year (2016: 252,205 units; –4.2%).  
:
1
,
,
0.9  
Report on  
Economic Position  
,
:
,
.
0
,
Review of Operations  
Automotive Segment  
Automotive Segment  
The highly competitive market environment on the  
American continent dampened the Group’s sales per-  
formance, particularly during the first nine months  
of 2017. Deliveries fell by 2.0 % to 451,136 units  
Deliveries up slightly to new record level  
The BMW Group sold 2,463,526* BMW, MINI and  
Rolls-Royce brand vehicles worldwide in 2017, thereby  
setting a new record for the seventh year in succession  
(
2016  
by  
fourth quarter of 2017, however, a turnaround was  
perceptible in both the USA 98 137 units; fourth  
:
5
460  
% to 353  
,
398 units). Sales in the USA fell slightly  
(
2016  
increased slightly by 4.2% to 2,088,283* units (2016:  
003 359* units). The number of MINI brand vehicles  
sold also grew slightly by % to 371 881 units (2016  
60 233 units). Rolls-Royce Motor Cars delivered 362  
limousines to its customers during the period under  
report (2016 011 units; –ꢀ16 %). A new all-time  
:
2
,
367  
,
603* units; +  
4
.
1
%). BMW brand sales  
3
.
,
819 units (2016 366 493 units). In the  
:
,
2
,
,
(
,
3
.
2
,
:
quarter 2016: 96,609 units; +ꢀ1.6 %) and on the conti-  
nent as a whole (124,547 units; fourth quarter 2016:  
122,393 units; +ꢀ1.8 %).  
3
,
3,  
:
4
,
.2  
high was thus not only recorded at Group level, but  
also for the BMW and MINI brands.  
BMW Group – key automobile markets 2017  
23  
as a percentage of deliveries  
Dynamic growth in Asia, volatility on European  
and US markets  
The BMW Group reported further significant sales  
volume growth on Asian markets in 2017. In total,  
it sold 848,826* BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce brand  
vehicles, achieving a double-digit increase of 13.6 %  
2
4.2 China  
Other 29.2  
(
2016: 747,291* units). The Chinese market made  
an important contribution to this performance  
with 595 020* units delivered to customers (2016  
16,785* units; +ꢀ15.1 %).  
,
:
Japan 3.2  
Italyꢀ 3.5  
14.4 USA  
5
France 3.7  
Within Europe, the diesel debate in Germany and the  
UK and uncertainty surrounding the Brexit negoti-  
ations weighed on the generally positive deliveries  
UK 9.8  
12.0ꢀ Germany  
trend. The BMW Group sold a total of 1,101,760 units  
BMW Group deliveries of vehicles by region and market  
24  
in 1,000 units  
2017  
2016  
2015  
2014  
2013  
Europe  
1,101.8  
295.8  
241.7  
451.1  
353.8  
848.8  
595.0  
61.8  
1,092.2  
298.9  
252.2  
460.4  
366.5  
747.3  
516.8  
67.7  
1,000.4  
286.1  
231.0  
495.9  
405.7  
685.8  
464.1  
65.4  
914.6  
272.3  
205.1  
482.3  
397.0  
658.4  
456.7  
62.7  
859.5  
259.2  
189.1  
463.8  
376.6  
578.7  
391.7  
61.8  
thereofꢀGermany  
thereof UK  
Americas  
thereof USA  
Asia*  
thereof China*  
Other markets  
Total*  
2,463.5  
2,367.6  
2,247.5  
2,118.0  
1,963.8  
*
ꢀIncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ316,200ꢀunits,ꢀ2015:ꢀ282,000ꢀunits,ꢀ2014:ꢀ275,891ꢀunits,ꢀ2013:ꢀ198,542ꢀunits).  
5
3
BMW* brand sales at record level  
In 2017, the number of BMW brand vehicles deliv-  
up on the previous year (2016: 331,410 units; +4.8%),  
with an 11 % increase in the second half of 2017  
Customers took delivery of 64,311 units of the  
BMW 7 Series worldwide (2016 61 514 units; + %).  
.
7
.
ered to customers worldwide grew slightly by 4.2%  
to 088 283 units (2016 003 359), thereby setting  
2
,
,
:
2
,
,
:
,
4.5  
a new deliveries record. Major contributions came  
from the BMW 1 Series, the new BMW 5 Series, the  
BMW 7 Series, the BMW X1, the BMW X5 and BMWi.  
Demand for the BMW X family was strong in 2017  
with worldwide sales up by 9.6% to 706,741 units  
2016 644 992 units). Growth was particularly signifi-  
cant for the BMW X1 with sales up by almost one-third  
to 286 743 units (2016 220 378 units; +30 %). The  
,
(
:
,
Sales of the BMW 1 Series rose significantly by 14  
01 968 units (2016 176 032 units). By contrast, deliv-  
eries of the BMW 2 Series were down year-on-year to  
81 113 units (2016 196 183 units; – %). Sales of the  
.7% to  
2
,
:
,
,
:
,
.1  
BMW X3 model change did not take place until  
November 2017, which resulted in sales falling short  
1
,
:
,
7.7  
BMW 3 Series at 409,005 units were close to the pre-  
vious year’s level (2016: 411,844 units; –0.7%). Deliv-  
eries of the new BMW 5 Series at 347,313 units were  
of the previous year’s high figure (146,395 units; 2016:  
157 017 units; – %). Deliveries of the BMW X5 rose  
solidly to 180,905 units (2016: 166,219 units; +8.8%).  
,
6.8  
Deliveries of BMW vehicles by model variant*  
25  
Proportion of  
BMW sales volume  
in units  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
2017 in %  
BMW 1 Series  
BMW 2 Series  
BMW 3 Series  
BMW 4 Series  
BMW 5 Series  
BMW 6 Series  
BMW 7 Series  
BMW X1  
201,968  
181,113  
409,005  
131,688  
347,313  
11,052  
176,032  
196,183  
411,844  
133,272  
331,410  
13,400  
14.7  
– 7.7  
– 0.7  
–1.2  
4.8  
9.7  
8.7  
19.6  
6.3  
16.6  
0.5  
–17.5  
4.5  
64,311  
61,514  
3.1  
286,743  
146,395  
52,167  
220,378  
157,017  
58,055  
30.1  
– 6.8  
–10.1  
8.8  
13.7  
7.0  
BMW X3  
BMW X4  
2.5  
BMW X5  
180,905  
40,531  
166,219  
43,323  
8.7  
BMW X6  
– 6.4  
– 73.9  
15.0  
4.2  
1.9  
BMW Z4  
1,416  
5,432  
0.1  
BMW i  
33,676  
29,280  
1.6  
BMW total  
2,088,283  
2,003,359  
100.0  
*
ꢀIncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ316,200ꢀunits).  
5
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Increased deliveries at MINI  
68,301 units; + 24.3 %). The Convertible also remained  
successful in 2017 with 33,351 units sold (2016:  
30,050 units; +ꢀ11.0 %). The MINI Hatch (3- and 5-door  
models) fell slightly short of the previous year’s level  
with 194,070 units sold (2016: 198,373 units; – 2.2 %).  
The MINI brand also set a new sales volume record  
in 2017, with worldwide deliveries up by 3.2 %  
to 371,881 units (2016: 360,233 units). The new  
MINI Countryman made an important contribution,  
with growth of almost one-quarter (84,888 units; 2016:  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Automotive Segment  
Deliveries of MINI vehicles by model variant  
26  
Proportion of  
MINI sales volume  
in units  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
2017 in %  
MINI Hatch (3- and 5-door)  
MINI Convertible  
194,070  
33,351  
59,572  
84,888  
371,881  
198,373  
30,050  
– 2.2  
11.0  
– 6.2  
24.3  
3.2  
52.2  
9.0  
MINI Clubman  
63,509  
16.0  
22.8  
100.0  
MINIꢀCountryman ꢀ/ ꢀP aceman  
MINI total  
68,301  
360,233  
Rolls-Royce affected by political uncertainties  
Sales volume development at Rolls-Royce Motor Cars  
in 2017 was influenced primarily by ongoing political  
uncertainties in the Middle East and unfavourable  
market conditions in the USA. Moreover, the top-of-  
the-range model, the Phantom, was no longer fully  
available. Deliveries of the successor model began in  
January 2018 (Rolls-Royce Phantom: fuel consumption  
With a total of 103,080 BMWi, BMW iPerformance and  
MINI Electric vehicles, deliveries of electrified vehicles  
to customers were approximately two-thirds up on the  
previous year (2016  
: 62,255 units; +65.6%). BMWi and  
BMW iPerformance deliveries grew by more than one-  
half to 97  
The BMW  
,
281 vehicles (2016: 62,255 units; +56.3%).  
BMW 94 Ah) with fully electric eDrive:  
i3  
(
i3 (  
electric power consumption in kWhꢀ/ꢀ100 km (com-  
bined) 13 13 ꢀ/ꢀ/CO2 emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm (combined)  
continued to be in high demand, with deliveries to  
customers rising by well over a fifth to 31 482 vehicles  
2016 25 528 units; +23 %). A significant contribution  
came from the sporty version, the BMW s, which  
in lꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 13.9ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀCO emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm  
.6-  
.1  
0)  
2
(
combined) 318–319). In 2017, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars  
delivered 362 vehicles to customers worldwide (2016  
,011 units; ꢀ16.2%).  
3
,
:
,
4
(
:
,
.3  
i
3
was launched in summer 2017 (BMWi3s (94 Ah) with  
fully electric eDrive: electric power consumption in  
Deliveries of Rolls-Royce vehicles  
by model variant  
kWhꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 14.3ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀCO emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm  
2
27  
(
combined) 0). Deliveries of BMW plug-in hybrid mod-  
els sold under the iPerformance brand almost doubled  
to 63,605 units (2016: 32,975 units; +92.9%). Between  
launch in June 2017 and the end of the year under  
report, 5,799 units of the MINI Electric were delivered  
to customers.  
in units  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
Phantom  
235  
1,098  
2,029  
3,362  
389  
1,175  
2,447  
4,011  
– 39.6  
– 6.6  
Ghost  
Wraith/Dawn  
Rolls-Royce total  
–17.1  
–16.2  
Deliveries of electrified models  
28  
For the first time, more than 100,000 electrified  
vehicles sold  
in units  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
The BMW Group achieved its target of delivering more  
than 100,000 electrified vehicles in 2017, underlining  
its position as a worldwide market leader in terms  
of combined sales of all-electric and plug-in hybrid  
vehicles and market leader in Europe.  
BMW i  
33,676  
63,605  
5,799  
29,280  
32,975  
15.0  
92.9  
BMW iPerformance  
MINI Electric  
Total  
103,080  
62,255  
65.6  
5
5
High capacity utilisation across production  
network  
In 2017, strong customer demand and new model  
launches resulted in high capacity utilisation across  
BMW  
,
MINI and Rolls-Royce brand vehicles manu-  
1
factured (2016: 2,359,756 units; +6.2%), comprising  
2,123,947 BMW (2016: 2,002,997 units; +6.0 %),  
378,486 MINI (2016: 352,580 units; +7.3%) and 3,308  
1
1
the BMW Group production network. New production  
records were set in 2017, with a total of 2,505,741ꢀ  
Rolls-Royce brand vehicles (2016: 4,179 units; –20.8%).  
1
Vehicle production of the BMW Group by plant  
29  
Proportion of  
in units  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
production in %  
Dingolfing  
376,580  
371,316  
338,259  
246,043  
196,455  
269,309  
127,440  
223,817  
53,105  
339,769  
411,171  
346,291  
246,550  
216,769  
161,901  
143,825  
210,971  
63,117  
10.8  
– 9.7  
– 2.3  
– 0.2  
– 9.4  
66.3  
–11.4  
6.1  
15.0  
14.8  
13.5  
9.8  
Spartanburg  
Regensburg  
Leipzig  
Munich  
7.9  
Tiexi2  
10.8  
5.1  
Dadong2  
Oxford  
8.9  
Rosslyn  
–15.9  
18.2  
–17.1  
4.5  
2.1  
Rayong  
21,084  
17,844  
0.9  
Araquari  
12,768  
15,408  
0.5  
Chennai  
8,952  
8,568  
0.4  
Goodwood  
3,308  
4,179  
– 20.8  
– 6.1  
92.9  
18.0  
6.2  
0.1  
Grazꢀ(MagnaꢀSteyr)ꢀ3  
50,272  
53,528  
2.0  
Born (VDL Nedcar)3  
168,969  
38,064  
87,609  
6.7  
Partner plants (Jakarta, Cairo, Kaliningrad, Kulim)  
32,256  
1.5  
Group  
2,505,741  
2,359,756  
100.0  
1
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2017:ꢀ396,749ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ305,833ꢀunits).ꢀ  
JointꢀVentureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyang.  
Contract production.  
2
3
The BMW Group’s leading production system is well  
positioned for the future with its unique flexibility.  
Flexibility, quality and adaptability are key character-  
istics of the Group’s production system. Its flexibility  
enables the BMW Group to respond rapidly to chang-  
ing market situations and fluctuations in regional  
sales volumes by adapting its production plans.  
Digitalisation, standardised modules and intelligent  
composite construction demonstrate the competence  
of the Group’s production network. At the same time,  
the production system offers customers a high degree  
of customisation.  
In line with the Strategy NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT, the  
system is characterised in particular by efficiency  
and robust processes. Production competence thus  
provides a crucial competitive edge and contributes  
to the BMW Group’s profitability and sustained  
success.  
5
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
International production network  
In Shenyang (China), the two plants of the joint  
venture BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd. (BBA) in  
Dadong and Tiexi produced over 396,000 units of five  
By expanding its international production network,  
the BMW Group follows global market developments  
with the aim of ensuring a balanced distribution of  
added value.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
BMW models, setting a new record in the process. The  
new large-scale northern extension at the Dadong  
plant was opened in 2017. During the opening cer-  
emony, the first extended-wheelbase version of the  
new BMW 5 Series Sedan rolled off the production  
line. As a result of the expansion, space has been  
created at the plant to add a sixth BMW model to the  
line-up, the new BMW X3. BBA also opened the High  
Voltage Battery Centre in Tiexi during the year under  
report. This will also supply batteries to the Dadong  
plant, where the BMW 5 Series plug-in hybrid will  
be produced for the local market from 2018 onwards.  
Review of Operations  
Automotive Segment  
2
5 years ago the BMW Group announced its decision  
to build a plant in the USA, in Spartanburg, South  
Carolina. Marking that anniversary, the first third-  
generation BMW X3 came off the production line  
in 2017. More than four million vehicles have been  
produced at the plant to date.  
In San Luis Potosí (Mexico), preparations for con-  
structing the new plant are progressing according to  
plan. In 2017, the new training centre was opened in  
the first of the buildings to be completed at the plant,  
which is due to become operational in 2019.  
In Europe, the British production cluster compris-  
ing the plant in Oxford, the engine plant at Hams  
Hall and the pressing plant in Swindon forms part  
of the BMW Group’s production network. The  
MINI Hatch and the MINI Clubman are produced in  
Oxford. In order to keep pace with forecast growth,  
the MINI Hatch, the MINI Convertible and the  
MINI Countryman are also produced under contract  
for the BMW Group at the automobile manufacturer  
VDL Nedcar bv, Born, the Netherlands. In total,  
MINI production increased by 7.4% year-on-year to  
78,486 units.  
3
In 2017, production of the new Rolls-Royce Phantom  
began at the Rolls-Royce manufacturing plant in  
Goodwood (UK). Important construction work was  
also carried out at the site during the reporting period.  
In order to accommodate future models, Rolls-Royce  
Motor Cars is investing in a new single-line production  
system at the plant. Furthermore, the technology and  
logistics centre in Bognor Regis near Goodwood was  
expanded in 2017.  
In Rosslyn (South Africa), preparations are currently  
underway for producing the next generation of the  
BMW X3. The necessary expansion and modification  
measures are being carried out during the ongoing  
production of the BMW 3 Series.  
5
7
Production competence in Germany  
Worldwide network for drivetrain production  
The engine plants in Munich, Hams Hall (UK) and  
Steyr (Austria) supply diesel and petrol engines  
for the worldwide network. The Shenyang (China)  
engine plant supplies local production facilities. The  
BMW Group’s largest engine plant in Steyr has pro-  
duced engines for 35 years. In 2017, the 20 millionth  
engine came off the production line.  
The German plants play a leading role within the  
Group’s international network. For the seventh year  
in succession, the BMW Group produced over one  
million vehicles at its German plants in Munich,  
Dingolfing, Regensburg and Leipzig.  
In 2017, the BMW Group plants in Dingolfing and  
Landshut celebrated their 50th anniversary. The two  
locations play a key role within the BMW Group as  
competence centres for the future technologies light-  
weight construction and electric mobility. Dingolfing  
and Landshut are the Group’s plants for electric drive-  
trains. Battery production and the BMW Group’s new  
lightweight and engineering centre are also located  
there.  
Drivetrain production for electrified vehicles is spread  
over various locations within the production network.  
The technologies used in making electric drivetrain  
components are developed at the Prototype Con-  
struction Centre in Munich. As competence centres,  
Dingolfing and Landshut take a leading role in the  
production of electric drivetrain systems. Electric  
motors for the BMW Group’s electrified vehicles are  
also produced at these plants. The batteries required  
are produced at the three battery factories in Din-  
golfing, Spartanburg and Shenyang. The battery  
factory in Shenyang was opened in 2017. At the end  
of 2017, the foundation stone was laid in Munich for  
a battery cell competence centre, which is scheduled  
for completion by the beginning of 2019. The aim is  
to continue developing battery cell technology.  
In May 2017, a new paint shop was commissioned at  
the BMW Group Munich plant. The facility is not only  
highly efficient, it also sets new standards for sustain-  
able production. The consumption of electricity, gas  
and water, as well as the production of waste air, have  
been significantly reduced.  
At the end of 2017, production of the BMW X2 started  
at the BMW Group plant in Regensburg. At the highly  
flexible Regensburg plant eight models are produced  
on a single production line.  
The BMW Group’s Leipzig plant put into operation  
a battery storage farm, demonstrating how batteries  
can be both sustainably and profitably reused after  
vehicles reach the end of their life cycle. Using on-site  
wind turbines, the BMW Group as a major industrial  
consumer combines its own decentralised renewable  
energy generation with local energy storage. The plant  
reached further milestones with the production of the  
1
00,000th BMWi3 and the 15,000th BMWi8 during  
the year under report.  
The BMW Group Eisenach plant celebrated its 25th  
anniversary in 2017. Apart from its toolmaking exper-  
tise, the Eisenach plant has specialised in recent years  
in the production of almost all sheet metal, aluminium  
and stainless steel outer body parts for the Rolls-Royce  
plant in Goodwood (UK).  
5
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
MotorcyclesꢀSegment  
BMW Group deliveries of motorcycles*  
• 30  
Report on  
Economic Position  
in 1,000 units  
BMW Motorrad grows significantly  
Review of Operations  
In 2017, the Motorcycles segment profited amongst  
others from the launch of numerous attractive new  
models and model revisions. Deliveries of BMW  
motorcycles worldwide were significantly higher than  
the previous year, rising by 13.2 % to 164,153 units  
Motorcycles  
Segment  
180  
164.2  
Financial Services  
Segment  
145.0  
137.0  
123.5  
115.2  
(
2016: 145,032 units). The segment thus surpassed  
9
0
0
the 150 000-unit mark for the first time, setting a new  
sales volume record for a financial year.  
,
Dynamic growth in Europe  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
Motorcycle sales in Europe grew strongly in  
2
017, exceeding 100,000 units for the first time.  
BMW Motorrad delivered a total of 101,524 units to  
customers (2016 87 983 units; +ꢀ15 %). In Germany,  
sales volume was up by 7.1 % to 26,664 units (2016:  
4,894 units), despite a contracting motorcycles  
market. Sales growth in Italy (14,430 units, 2016:  
2,300 units; +ꢀ17.3 %) and Spain (11,193 units, 2016:  
520 units; 17 %) was even in the double digits.  
*
Excluding Husqvarna, sales volume up to 5 March 2013: 59,776 units.  
:
,
.4  
2
BMW Group – key motorcycle markets 2017  
• 31  
1
9
as a percentage of sales volume  
,
.6  
Sales in France were particularly strong, with  
deliveries up by almost one-quarter to 16,607 units  
1
6.2ꢀ Germany  
(
2016: 13,350 units; +24.4 %). In the USA sales at  
3,546 units fell just short of the previous year’s  
level (2016 13 730 units; –ꢀ1 %) in a difficult mar-  
ket environment. However, the market recorded  
an upturn in the fourth quarter ( 346 units; 2016  
,782 units; +20.3 %).  
1
:
,
.3  
10.1 France  
Other 44.1  
3
,
:
2
8
.8ꢀ Italy  
Motorcycles production significantly expanded  
A total of 185 682 motorcycles rolled off production  
lines during the year under report (2016:  
45,555 units; + 27.6 %). The significant increase  
8
.3 USA  
,
UK 5.7  
6.8 Spain  
1
in output was mainly driven by high demand  
and the start of production by the Indian partner,  
TVS Motor Company Limited. Expansion work at the  
BMW Group plant in Berlin was largely completed  
during the reporting period and will be finalised in  
2
018. The latest measures will create the capacities  
required to achieve planned growth.  
R nineT family now complete  
BMW Motorrad completed the R nineT product family  
line-up in 2017 with the launch of the R nineT Pure,  
R nineT Racer and R nineT Urban Gꢀ/ꢀS models. In  
August 2017, the K 1600 B was introduced to keep up  
with demand on the US motorcycle market. It will be  
followed in March 2018 by the K 1600 Grand America,  
which was presented at the EICMA motorcycle trade  
show. All in all, BMW Motorrad launched six new  
motorcycle models and five model revisions during  
the period under report.  
5
9
Financial Services Segment  
Slight growth in new business  
Credit financing and leasing business with retail  
customers remain a key element of the success of the  
Financial Services segment. During the period under  
Continued growth for the  
Financial Services segment  
report, 1,828,604 new credit financing and leasing  
The Financial Services segment continued to perform  
well within a highly competitive market environment  
and concluded a successful financial year 2017. In  
balance sheet terms, business volume grew by 1.1%  
contracts were concluded with customers, slightly  
up (+ꢀ1.0%) on the previous year (2016: 1,811,157 con-  
tracts). Credit financing grew slightly by 2.8%, while  
the number of new leasing contracts fell slightly by  
to €ꢀ124  
for exchange rate factors, business volume amounted  
to €ꢀ131 995 million (+ %). The contract portfolio  
under management at 31 December 2017 comprised  
,380,785 contracts and therefore grew by 5.2% year-  
,
719 million (2016: €ꢀ123  
,
394 million). Adjusted  
2
.
6
%. Overall, leasing accounted for 33.0% and credit  
financing for 67.0% of new business.  
,
7.0  
The proportion of BMW Group new vehicles leased  
or financed by the Financial Services segment in the  
5
on-year (2016: 5,114,906 contracts).  
financial year 2017 amounted to 46  
.
8
%,  
2
.
8
percentage  
*
The calculation points down on the previous year (2016  
:
49 %).* The  
.6  
onlyꢀincludesꢀ  
decrease was due to a cap on new business volume  
automobile mar-  
Contract portfolio of  
Financial Services segment  
kets in which the in China, through which the People’s Bank of China  
Financial Services  
regulates the banking and financial services sector.  
segment is repre-  
sentedꢀbyꢀaꢀcon-  
32  
solidatedꢀentity.  
In the pre-owned financing and leasing business for  
BMW and MINI brand vehicles, the segment record-  
ed a solid increase in the number of new contracts  
in 1,000 units  
signed, which was up by 7.2% to 387,937 contracts  
2016: 361,928 contracts).  
6
3
0
,000  
,000  
5
,381  
5
,115  
(
4
,719  
4
,360  
4
,130  
The total volume of new credit financing and leasing  
contracts concluded with retail customers during the  
period under report amounted to €ꢀ55,049 million,  
in line with the previous year (2016: €ꢀ55,327 mil-  
lion; –0.5%).  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
BMW Group new vehicles financed or  
leased by Financial Services segment*  
33  
in %  
4
9.6  
4
6.8  
5
2
0
0
5
46.3  
4
4.0  
4
1.7  
2
2.3  
2
0.8  
2
2.1  
Leasing 21.5  
2
2
0.9  
2
7.3  
26.0  
2
4.2  
Financing 22.5  
0.8  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
*
ꢀUntilꢀ2015ꢀexcludingꢀRolls-Royce.  
6
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
The total portfolio of credit financing and leasing con-  
tracts with retail customers developed positively again  
during the financial year 2017, with a slight increase  
Contract portfolio in multi-brand financing  
business decreases  
The Financial Services segment recorded a slight  
increase (+2.8%) in the number of new multi-brand  
Report on  
Economic Position  
of  
in place with retail customers at 31 December 2017  
2016 703 417 contracts). The Asiaꢀ/ꢀPacific region  
continued to grow in 2017, with a % increase in  
4.7% year-on-year. In total, 4,926,228 contracts were  
Review of Operations  
financing contracts in 2017, with 157  
2016 153 297 contracts). As a result of a portfolio  
sale, the total contract portfolio comprised 406 813  
contracts at 31 December 2017, significantly lower  
than one year earlier (2016 466 436 contracts; –ꢀ12 %).  
,626 contracts  
Financial Services  
Segment  
(
:
4
,
,
(
:
,
Research and  
Development  
9
.
6
,
the contract portfolio. The Europeꢀ/ꢀMiddle Eastꢀ/ꢀAfrica  
region (+8.8%) and the EU Bank* (+5.1%) also regis- * The EU Bank  
tered solid year-on-year growth, while the Americas  
region saw a slight decrease in the contract portfo- its branches in  
:
,
.8  
comprises  
BMW Bank GmbH,  
Italy,ꢀSpainꢀandꢀ  
Portugal, and its  
subsidiaryꢀinꢀ  
France.  
lio (–2.7%).  
Dealership financing up year-on-year  
The total volume of dealership financing increased  
to €ꢀ19,161 million in the period under report (2016:  
€ꢀ18,307 million; +4.7%).  
Contract portfolio retail customer financing  
of Financial Services segment 2017  
34  
Deposit business volume at previous year’s level  
Customer deposits represent an important source of  
refinancing for the Financial Services segment. The  
in % per region  
volume of deposits stood at €ꢀ13,572 million at the end  
Asia / Pacific 18.5  
of the reporting period, in line with the previous year  
(2016: €13,512 million; +0.4%).  
3
2.6 Europe /  
Middle East / Africa  
Solid growth in insurance brokerage business  
With a solid increase of 5.9% in 2017, the number of  
new brokered insurance contracts grew to 1,337,652  
EU Bank* 21.1  
contracts (2016: 1,262,973 contracts). At 31 Decem-  
ber 2017, the total number of brokered insurance  
contracts amounted to 3,649,362 (2016: 3,411,872 con-  
tracts; +7.0%).  
2
7.8 Americas  
*
ꢀEUꢀBankꢀcomprisesꢀBMWꢀBankꢀGmbH,ꢀitsꢀbranchesꢀinꢀItaly,ꢀSpainꢀandꢀPortugal,ꢀandꢀitsꢀ  
subsidiaryꢀinꢀFrance.  
Solid growth in fleet business  
The BMW Group is one of Europe’s foremost leasing  
and full-service providers. The Financial Services  
segment’s fleet management business, under the  
brand name Alphabet, offers commercial customers  
leasing and financing arrangements as well as specific  
services. The number of fleet contracts rose by 5.5%  
during the financial year 2017. At 31 December 2017  
,
the segment was thus managing a portfolio of 679,895  
fleet contracts (2016: 644,420 contracts).  
6
1
Risk profile  
Research and Development  
Despite ongoing political and economic uncertainties  
and the debate, particularly in some European coun-  
tries, about exhaust emissions from diesel vehicles,  
the global economy continued to develop positively  
in 2017. This contributed to the continued low level of  
risk in the overall Financial Services portfolio.  
www.bmwgroup.com/innovation  
New development centre for autonomous driving  
At the end of 2016, around 600 BMW Group employees  
were already working on developing highly automated  
driving technologies. In 2017, the BMW Group began  
to pool its entire expertise in vehicle connectivity and  
autonomous driving at a new campus near Munich.  
Development of credit loss ratio  
35  
The new development centre aims to promote col-  
laboration across companies and individual deci-  
sion-making competence. This is achieved through flat  
organisational structures, lean processes and teams  
working in close proximity. At the new location, more  
than 2,000 employees will work across disciplines on  
development of the next steps towards fully autono-  
mous driving.  
in %  
0
.50  
0
0
0
.5  
0.46  
0
.37  
0
.34  
0
.32  
.25  
During the year under report, 40 BMW 7 Series test  
vehicles were used to conduct trials for highly auto-  
mated and autonomous driving on motorways and  
in urban environments. These vehicles were tested at  
worldwide locations, in particular at the sites of Intel  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
(
USA), Mobileye (Israel) and the BMW Group (Munich).  
The joint further development of these BMW 7 Series  
prototypes will lead to the BMW Group’s first highly  
automated series-produced vehicle: the BMW iNext,  
which is due to be launched in 2021.  
The risk profile of the segment’s credit financing port-  
folio also remained stable at a low level. The credit loss  
ratio on the total credit portfolio amounted to 0.34%,  
marginally higher than one year earlier (2016: 0.32%).  
Sales proceeds generated from BMW and MINI brand  
vehicles showed a solid increase from the previous  
year, due to volume and mix effects. Despite the  
positive development, the level of residual value  
losses on remarketed vehicles rose year-on-year. The  
expected increase was mainly due to the debate on  
diesel engines in parts of Europe. The situation was  
also affected by continuing challenges on the North  
American pre-owned vehicle market.  
Further information on the risk situation is provided  
in the section Risks and Opportunities.  
6
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Connectivity and digital services expanded  
Research project on fast charging technology  
In July 2016, under the leadership of the BMW Group,  
the “FastCharge” project was begun together with  
Allego GmbH, Phoenix Contact E-Mobility GmbH,  
Dr.Ing.h.ꢀc.F. Porsche AG and Siemens AG. The aim  
of the three-year project is to conduct research on  
electric vehicles with far shorter charging times and  
the required charging infrastructure. A further aim  
is to demonstrate ways of implementing the findings  
for everyday use.  
At the BMW Innovation Days 2017, the BMW Group  
presented the current level of progress and the latest  
developments with regard to integrating vehicles in  
the customer’s digital world. In the context of digitali-  
sation, connectivity is a key pillar in the BMW Group’s  
strategy for the future, NUMBER ONE > NEXT. Today,  
around 10 million BMW Group vehicles are already  
connected worldwide through Connected Drive.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Research and  
Development  
Purchasing and  
Supplier Network  
The customer is the central focus of the Group’s per-  
sonalised digital services. The range is divided into  
four fields: vehicle-related services, lifestyle-related  
services, mobility-related services and the integration  
of digital assistants.  
The joint project is examining every aspect of fast  
charging in practice, with the aim of introducing  
the required technologies on an industrial scale. The  
overall system is to be implemented in prototypes and  
presented to the public in the course of the current year.  
The vehicle-related services field is already extensive  
and includes functions such as automatic climate con-  
trol via smartphone or a 3D view of the vehicle from  
a remote location. It also includes services such as  
reminders of the next vehicle service appointment or  
individual financial services. Going forward, services  
for personalised vehicle settings will also be available,  
so that each vehicle will automatically adapt to the  
current user and situation.  
Mobility-related services help users to reach their  
destinations conveniently and as quickly as possible.  
These services help users find the most pleasant route,  
not only when in the vehicle, but also when nearby.  
For example, drivers can use their smartphones to dis-  
play the best time to begin their next journey. Parking  
and charging options at the selected destination can  
also be displayed via the vehicle’s navigation system.  
Lifestyle-related services allow the vehicle to be  
integrated in the digital life of the user. For example,  
third-party services such as entertainment, news or  
music can be seamlessly and easily integrated.  
The range of supporting services also includes integra-  
tion of digital assistants from the user’s environment,  
for example the already familiar concierge services.  
6
3
Purchasing and Supplier Network  
Regional mix of BMW Group  
purchase volumes 2017  
36  
Ensuring access to resources in a  
volatile environment  
in %, basis: production material  
With its globally oriented organisation, the Purchasing  
and Supplier Network ensures access to all necessary  
external resources in an environment that remains  
highly volatile. Activities include the procurement and  
quality assurance of production materials, raw materi-  
als, capital goods and services. External suppliers are  
selected systematically on the basis of competitiveness  
according to the criteria of quality, innovation, flex-  
ibility and cost. More recently, activities have been  
focused particularly on the ability to respond quickly  
to changing demand for various types of drivetrain  
technology.  
1
.0 Other  
Asia 7.7  
NAFTA 14.5  
37.6  
Germany  
Rest of Western  
Europe 17.7  
2
1.5 Eastern Europe  
Connecting procurement markets  
The BMW Group remains committed to its strategy of  
maintaining a regional balance with regard to growth  
in sales volume, production and purchasing volumes.  
The strategy makes an important contribution to nat-  
ural hedging against currency fluctuations.  
Investments ensure expertise in productivity and  
technology  
Alongside purchasing and quality assurance, the  
third pillar of the Purchasing and Supplier Network’s  
activities remains in-house production of key vehicle  
components. In order to ensure over the long term the  
flexibility and competitiveness of internal component  
production, the BMW Group invests in state-of-the-art  
production facilities and efficient structures.  
During the period under report, logistics processes  
at the Group’s most important component plant in  
Landshut were significantly simplified with the open-  
ing of the new supply centre, thus achieving another  
important milestone.  
6
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Sales and Marketing  
In January 2018, the BMW Group signed an agreement  
with Sixt SE for the complete acquisition of the shares  
in the car sharing provider DriveNow. The agreement  
was signed subject to the approval of the antitrust  
authorities.  
www.bmwgroup.com/brands  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Sales and Marketing  
The BMW Group’s sales and distribution network  
comprises some 3,400 BMW, 1,580 MINI and  
1
40 Rolls-Royce dealerships worldwide. Sales are  
In 2016, the BMW Group launched the ReachNow  
service in the USA, where it is currently available  
in Seattle, Portland and Brooklyn. Apart from car  
sharing, ReachNow is also offering as a pilot project  
in Seattle a service that enables customers to book a  
premium vehicle with a driver (ReachNow Ride). Cus-  
tomers can also reserve the use of a vehicle for several  
days, including delivery of the vehicle to the desired  
location (ReachNow Reserve). Moreover, ReachNow  
offers individual small fleets for residential complexes  
or company solutions (ReachNow Fleet Solutions).  
ReachNow currently has around 80,000 members in  
the USA.  
conducted by independent authorised dealerships,  
BMW Group branches and subsidiaries, and inde-  
pendent importers in certain markets. The dealership  
and agency network for BMW i currently comprises  
over 1,500 locations.  
BMW i continues to grow  
Under the brand name BMW i, the BMW Group  
has offered customers a range of electric mobility  
solutions since 2013. The brand covers BMWi and  
BMW iPerformance vehicles as well as a wide array  
of services. Under the name 360° ELECTRIC, BMWi  
provides a comprehensive range of products and  
services for all-electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids  
worldwide. In 2016 and 2017, the second generation  
of the BMWi Wallbox was introduced for quick and  
easy charging at home.  
On 1 December 2017, “ReachNow powered by  
EvCard” was launched in Chengdu, China, offering  
in cooperation with local partner EvCard a fleet of  
100 BMW i3 vehicles for hire. The vehicles can be  
picked up or returned at 25 central locations in the  
urban area.  
During the year under report, the BMW Group togeth-  
er with other automobile manufacturers founded the  
joint venture IONITY with the aim of establishing a  
high-performance, fast-charging network in Europe  
along key transport routes. The BMW Digital Charging  
Service uses Connected Drive to integrate the vehicle  
in the customer’s charging infrastructure and automat-  
ically charges at the cheapest times, taking electricity  
prices into account. The service also provides a con-  
stant overview of the vehicle’s energy requirements  
as well as ongoing and completed charging activities.  
ParkNow is the BMW Group’s digital parking service.  
It enables ticket-free, cashless parking via app, both  
at roadside and in multi-storey car parks. In Janu-  
ary 2018, the BMW Group acquired Parkmobile LLC,  
the largest provider of mobile parking services in  
North America. Parkmobile Group Europe, which  
also owns ParkNow amongst its brands, has been  
wholly owned by the BMW Group since April 2016.  
In Europe and North America, Parkmobile reaches  
over 22 million customers and offers digital parking  
solutions in more than 1,000 towns and cities.  
Premium services for individual mobility  
In the context of the Group’s corporate strategy  
Through ChargeNow, the BMW Group provides easy  
access to a constantly growing network of public  
charging stations. With more than 130,000 charging  
points in 29 countries, ChargeNow provides access  
to the world’s largest charging network. Customers  
can locate the charging stations directly via the  
ConnectedDrive navigation system integrated in the  
vehicle, via the ChargeNow app or via the internet  
website.  
NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT, mobility services are given  
increasing emphasis. Since 2011, the BMW Group  
has offered a growing range of services for individual  
mobility, including mobility services such as DriveNow  
in Europe and ReachNow in the USA and China. In  
addition, ParkNow and ChargeNow provide custom-  
ers with digital solutions for parking and charging.  
At 31 December 2017, the DriveNow premium car  
sharing service had over one million customers in 13  
major European cities. The percentage of electrically  
powered vehicles in these fleets stands at around  
In February 2017, the BMW Group founded the  
company “Digital Charging Solutions”, which sells  
access to the ChargeNow charging network, as well as  
related services, also to third parties. Groupe PSA was  
one of ChargeNow’s first corporate customers during  
the period under report. PSA will provide its electric  
vehicle customers in France with charging access via  
the network established by ChargeNow.  
1
5% and is due to increase. Since introduction of the  
first electrified vehicles into the DriveNow fleet more  
than 16 million kilometres with zero local emissions  
have been driven. This corresponds to a CO saving  
2
of around 2,500 tonnes.  
6
5
BMW rejuvenates model range  
Growth in service business  
During the period under report, the BMW brand reju-  
venated its range with six new models and 15 model  
revisions. The market launch of the seventh generation  
of the BMW 5 Series played a significant role, with the  
Sedan (in February), the extended-wheelbase version  
for China and the Touring version (both in June). The  
During the year under report, the BMW Group’s  
service business was strengthened by investment in  
the future logistics network and by measures aimed  
at ensuring a high level of customer satisfaction.  
Digitalisation of offerings is playing a crucial role in  
these developments. Business with spare parts has  
also been expanded. The creation of the joint venture  
Encory by the BMW Group and the ALBA Group in  
September 2016, with additional offerings in reuse  
of automotive spare parts, is making a valuable con-  
tribution to the BMW Group’s sustainability strategy.  
5
Series also includes iPerformance, M Performance  
and M5 models. The new BMW 6 Series Gran Turismo  
and the new X3 were launched in November. The model  
initiative includes revised models of the BMW 1 Series,  
2
Series and 4 Series. The revised BMWi3 and the new  
BMWi3s came onto the market in autumn 2017.  
A pilot project was initiated in Spain in mid-2017.  
Other markets are set to follow.  
Record year for BMW M  
The year 2017 was the strongest in the history of  
BMW M GmbH for sales of M and M Performance  
models. In view of growing demand in the high-perfor-  
mance automobile segment, the dealership network is  
being systematically enlarged. In 2017, the number of  
BMW M certified dealerships grew to 850 worldwide,  
representing a doubling in size over the last four years.  
New Rolls-Royce Phantom presented  
A highlight of the year 2017 was the presentation  
of the new Rolls-Royce Phantom in London in  
July. With its Black Badge Edition, Rolls-Royce  
Motor Cars is targeting new customer groups  
in the super-luxury class. After launching the  
Black Badge models Ghost and Wraith, the Dawn  
Black Badge was added as a third version in 2017  
(
Rolls-Royce Ghost Black Badge: fuel consumption  
in lꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 14 6ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀCO2 emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm  
combined) 333; Rolls-Royce Wraith Black Badge:  
.
(
fuel consumption in lꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 14.6ꢀ/ꢀ/  
CO emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm (combined) 333; Rolls-Royce  
2
Dawn Black Badge: fuel consumption in lꢀ/ꢀ100 km  
(
combined) 14.7ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀCO emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm (com-  
2
bined) 337).  
MINI reports another record year  
In 2017, the MINI brand achieved its third record-  
breaking year in succession for sales volume. The  
successful market launch of the new Countryman  
generation in the first quarter 2017 played a major  
role in this performance. The second edition of the  
popular Countryman range also went on sale as a  
plug-in hybrid version in summer of 2017, making  
it the first MINI plug-in hybrid in series production.  
6
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Workforce  
Realignment of dual vocational training  
www.bmwgroup.com/careers  
In the context of digitalisation and technological  
change, the BMW Group has initiated a strategic  
realignment of its dual vocational training. As well  
as promoting STEM subjects (science, technology,  
engineering and mathematics), the focus is also  
on introducing new digital forms of teaching and  
learning. In this context, the BMW Group has initi-  
ated the process of adapting existing career profiles  
and introducing new ones across its national and  
international training network. The total number  
of apprentices and participants in development  
programmes for young talent increased slightly to  
4,750 (2016: 4,613; + 3.0 %).  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Workforce  
Slight increase in workforce  
The BMW Group’s worldwide workforce increased  
to a total of 129,932 employees at the end of the  
reporting period (2016: 124,729 employees; +4.2 %).  
The increase mainly reflects the expansion of the  
BMW Group’s international production network.  
Moreover, in conjunction with the implementation  
of the Group’s Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT, an  
increasing number of experts in future-oriented fields  
such as artificial intelligence and autonomous driving,  
electric mobility, smart production and logistics, data  
analysis and software development were hired.  
BMW Group apprentices at 31 December  
38  
BMW Group employees  
37  
3
1.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Change in %  
4
,700  
4,750  
5
2
0
,000  
,500  
4,595  
4,613  
4
,445  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
Financial Services  
Other  
117,664  
3,506  
112,869  
3,351  
4.2  
4.6  
3.0  
1.7  
4.2  
8,645  
8,394  
117  
115  
Group  
129,932  
124,729  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
High level of investment in employee qualification  
At €ꢀ349 million, spending on training and develop-  
ment remained high (2016: €ꢀ352 million; 0.9%). By  
training its workforce in areas such as electric mobility,  
hydrogen, fuel cells, lightweight construction and  
robotics, the BMW Group is creating an important  
foundation for future activities. Expansion of digital  
and agile competences is a further area of focus.  
6
7
The BMW Group remains a highly attractive  
employer  
Diversity as a competitive factor  
Diversity will remain a key factor in ensuring the  
BMW Group’s continued competitiveness in future.  
Focus is given to the three aspects of gender, cultural  
background and ageꢀ/ꢀexperience. The aim is to ensure  
equal opportunities for all employees and at the same  
time utilise and promote the diversity of the Group’s  
workforce. Over the year, the BMW Group again  
implemented a broad array of measures to promote  
diversity. Further information on this topic is also  
provided in the Sustainable Value Report 2017.  
In 2017, the BMW Group was once again ranked  
among the world’s most attractive employers. In the  
latest “World’s Most Attractive Employers” rankings  
published by the agency Universum, the BMW Group  
was once again named best German employer across  
all sectors and the most attractive automotive company  
in the world. In 2017, BMW Group China was named  
for the first time most attractive employer across all  
sectors in China.  
The BMW Group also came out top in the Trendence  
Young Professional Barometer Germany. Moreover,  
the Group again improved its position in the Trend-  
ence Barometer Study for engineering graduates in  
Germany, moving up to first place in 2017. In addition,  
the Group again achieved strong results in the Uni-  
versum study “Young Professionals Germany” with  
placings one, three and five in the categories Business,  
Engineering and IT respectively. The BMW Group was  
therefore among the best-ranked companies in the  
studies across all sectors.  
The proportion of women in the workforce as a  
whole, as well as in management functions and  
young talent development programmes, increased  
during the financial year under report. The percent-  
age of women in the total BMW Group workforce  
rose to 19.3% (BMWAG: 16.1%), above the internal  
target range of 15 to 17%. The proportion of women  
in management positions rose to 16  
.0% across the  
BMW Group (BMWAG 14 %). In the year under  
:
.0  
report, female representation on the BMW Group’s  
trainee programme and in student programmes stood  
at approximately 44% and 31% respectively.  
Employee attrition rate at BMW AG*  
39  
Proportion of female employees in manage-  
ment functions at BMW AG / BMW Group*  
as a percentage of workforce  
40  
in %  
7.0  
1
6.0  
1
5.3  
1
8
0
6
1
4.3  
1
4.0  
1
3.5  
13.3  
BMW Group 13.0  
BMW AG 10.6  
1
2.5  
3
.47  
1
1.3  
3
0
.5  
2
.70  
2.64  
2
.08  
1.41  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2
013  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
*
ꢀNumberꢀofꢀemployeesꢀonꢀunlimitedꢀemploymentꢀcontractsꢀleavingꢀtheꢀCompany.  
*
Sinceꢀ2017ꢀincludingꢀmaternityꢀleave.  
The workforce at the Group’s locations within  
Germany is becoming increasingly international.  
Employees from over 110 countries work together  
successfully in Munich. Moreover, a balanced age  
structure in the workforce encourages an exchange  
of ideas and knowledge between generations and  
plays a key role in reducing the loss of know-how  
when valuable employees retire.  
6
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Sustainability  
In accordance with the stipulations of the German  
CSR Directive Implementation Act, BMW AG is  
required to publish a non-financial declaration at  
both Company and Group level for the first time  
for the reporting year 2017. The declaration is pub-  
lished jointly for BMW AG and the BMW Group as a  
combined separate non-financial report within the  
Sustainable Value Report. The information required  
by law is included in the sub-chapters preceding the  
voluntary reporting in accordance with GRI standards  
and is marked accordingly.  
www.bmwgroup.com/responsibility  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Sustainability  
Economic success, the responsible use of resources  
and the assumption of social responsibility form the  
basis for long-term growth within the BMW Group.  
Through sustainable activity, the Company secures the  
future of its business model. With regard to sustain-  
ability, the BMW Group concentrates on three areas:  
The development of products and services for  
sustainable individual mobility (for example  
electric mobility and services such as DriveNow  
and ReachNow)  
The combined separate non-financial report is avail-  
able online within the Sustainable Value Report 2017  
at:  
https://www.bmwgroup.com/svr.  
The efficient use of resources along the entire  
value chain  
Stakeholder dialogues and materiality analysis as  
basis for sustainability management  
 Responsibility towards employees and society  
Through its sustainability policy, the BMW Group  
supports the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable  
Development Goals (SDG), which were adopted in  
September 2015.  
The BMW Group is in continual dialogue with a large  
number of stakeholders, both in Germany and abroad.  
Dialogue helps the Company to recognise global trends  
at an early stage, achieve sustainability objectives  
more effectively and strengthen social commitment.  
In the course of this dialogue, the BMW Group gains  
a clear picture of how current trends are changing the  
business environment and which role the BMW Group  
can play. For example, stakeholder dialogue events on  
the topic of urban mobility were held during 2017 in  
Milan, Chicago, Hangzhou, Mexico City and Delhi.  
Further information on sustainability within the  
BMW Group and related topics is provided in the  
Sustainable Value Report, which is published online  
at  
https://www.bmwgroup.com/svr at the same time as the  
Annual Report. The Sustainable Value Report is  
drawn up in accordance with the “Comprehensive”  
option of the Standards of the Global Reporting  
Initiative (GRI) and subject of a limited assurance  
engagement in accordance with IASE 3000 (Inter-  
national Standard on Assurance Engagements 3000  
In order to identify key sustainability topics at an early  
stage, the BMW Group also conducts materiality anal-  
yses on a regular basis. Moreover, social challenges  
are continually monitored and analysed in order to  
gauge their significance, from the point of view of both  
external and internal stakeholders. The materiality  
analysis is used to create a materiality matrix, which  
is used as a basis to monitor the strategic direction of  
sustainability management. The materiality matrix is  
described in greater detail in the Sustainable Value  
Report 2017.  
(
Revised): “Assurance Engagements other than Audits  
or Reviews of Historical Financial Information”).  
6
9
Materiality matrix  
41  
High  
relevance  
High  
materiality  
Fuel efficiency and CO2 emissions  
of vehicles*  
Energy efficiency and CO2 emissions  
from value creation*  
Pollutant emissions  
of vehicles*  
Alternative drivetrain technologies*  
Occupational health and safety*  
Product safety*  
Environmental and social standards  
Connected and autonomous driving*  
inꢀtheꢀsupplyꢀchainꢀ/ꢀsustainableꢀsourcing*  
Human rights*  
Mobility concepts  
and services*  
Prevention of corruption and  
anticompetitive behaviour*  
Data protection*  
Medium  
materiality  
Air emissions from value creation*  
Attractive workplace, talent attraction and retention*  
Diversity and equal opportunity*  
Customer satisfaction*  
Employee development and training*  
Socio-economic impacts onꢀsociety*  
Water consumption Waste and water waste  
Design for Recycling*  
Use of urban space  
Responsible marketing and product communication  
Responsibleꢀfinancialꢀservices  
Low  
Employee-managementꢀrelations  
materiality  
Efficientꢀuseꢀofꢀresourcesꢀinꢀvalueꢀcreation  
Political involvement  
Development of local companies  
Biodiversity  
Corporate volunteering  
Donationsꢀandꢀphilanthropy  
Corporate citizenship  
Low  
relevance  
Low  
relevance  
Relevance for the BMW Group  
High  
relevance  
*
ꢀTheseꢀareasꢀwereꢀratedꢀhighlyꢀmaterial,ꢀasꢀtheyꢀwereꢀamongꢀtheꢀthreeꢀtopicsꢀtheꢀrespondentꢀstakeholderꢀgroupsꢀconsideredꢀmostꢀimportant.  
7
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Top rankings in sustainability ratings  
Clean production  
The BMW Group again achieved top rankings in pres-  
tigious sustainability ratings in 2017, thereby under-  
lining its leading position as a sustainable company.  
In the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) rating,  
the BMW Group is the only German automobile maker  
to have been included once again in the two indices  
Integrated sustainability management in production  
processes ensures that resources are used efficiently.  
Since 2006, the consumption of resources and emis-  
sions per vehicle produced have been reduced by  
an average of 53.2%. The individual figures for the  
development since 2006 are as follows:  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Sustainability  
World” and “Europe” and the only company in the  
sector to have been continuously represented since  
the indices were established.  
in %  
2017  
Energyꢀconsumption  
Water consumption  
Process wastewater  
Non-recyclableꢀwaste  
Solvent emissions  
– 36.5  
– 31.9  
– 51.2  
– 79.6  
– 59.0  
– 61.0  
In the CDP rating (formerly the Carbon Disclosure  
Project), the Group achieved the best rating for its cli-  
mate protection efforts. The BMW Group is therefore  
one of only two companies worldwide to have been  
listed in the highest category eight times in succes-  
sion. The BMW Group also achieved the best rating  
in the CDP water rating, which assesses companies’  
responsible use of water resources. The Group was  
again listed in the British FTSE4Good Index in 2017.  
2
CO emissions  
In 2017, at 2.17 MWh per vehicle produced, the  
BMW Group slightly reduced energy consumed in  
the production process compared with the previous  
year (2016: 2.21 MWh; –ꢀ1.8%). This was mainly due  
to the implementation of new production structures  
at Group plants in Shenyang and the installation of  
LED lighting throughout the entire Group production  
network.  
Fleet carbon dioxide emissions reduced  
The development of sustainable products and services  
is an integral part of the BMW Group’s business mod-  
el. The fleet-wide deployment of Efficient Dynamics  
technologies is contributing to a continual reduction  
in CO emissions. The electrification of the fleet con-  
2
tinued to make significant progress in 2017. Due to the  
expansion of the model range, annual sales of electri-  
fied BMW Group vehicles increased significantly and,  
Through measures to boost energy efficiency and the  
purchase and in-house generation of electricity from  
renewable sources at BMW Group production sites,  
production-related CO2 emissions fell significantly  
by 24.1% to 0.41 tonnes per vehicle produced in 2017  
compared with the previous year (2016: 0.54 tonnes).  
The substantial improvement in CO2 efficiency was  
mainly due to improvement in energy efficiency and,  
above all, sourcing of power supplies in Germany, the  
UK and Austria exclusively from renewable sources.  
with 103,080 units, surpassed the announced target of  
00,000 units. Efficient Dynamics and electrification  
1
form the basis for future compliance with legal CO2  
and fuel consumption requirements. Between 1995  
and 2017, average CO2 emissions of vehicles of the  
Group’s three brands sold in Europe fell by 42%.  
In 2017, the BMW Group’s fleet of new vehicles sold  
in Europe (EU  
diesel and 5.6 litres of petrol per 100 km respectively.  
-
28) consumed an average of  
4
.
6
litres of  
In 2017, at 2.22  per vehicle produced, water  
consumption was slightly below the previous year’s  
CO emissions averaged 122 gꢀ/ꢀkm.  
level (2016  
process wastewater per vehicle produced fell by  
2016: 0.42 m³). The amount of non-recyclable waste  
from production processes increased from a very low  
level the previous year to 86 kg per vehicle produced  
2016 51 kg; +ꢀ10 %) in the period under report.  
Solvent emissions were cut by % to 03 kg per  
: 2.25 m³; –ꢀ1.3%). At 0.40 m³, the volume of  
2
4.8%  
(
3
.
(
:
3
.
.0  
9
.
6
1.  
vehicle produced during 2017 (2016: 1.14 kg).  
Overall in 2017, the BMW Group reduced resource  
usage and emissions per vehicle in the production  
process by an average of 5.3%, equivalent to a total  
cost reduction of €ꢀ161 million, mainly due to a slight  
improvement in the energy efficiency ratio.  
7
1
Sustainability along the value chain  
Sustainability criteria also play a key role in the  
selection and evaluation of suppliers as well as in  
the field of transport logistics. The BMW Group has  
therefore integrated comprehensive sustainability  
management in its purchasing processes. The Group’s  
positive business performance in recent years has also  
caused a significant rise in transportation require-  
ments worldwide. The BMW Group principle that  
production follows the market is an effective method  
of significantly reducing the need for transportation,  
thus keeping CO emissions as low as possible.  
2
Sustainability in human resources policies  
In 2017, the BMW Group continued to consolidate  
its position as one of the most attractive employers  
worldwide. Its leading role in terms of sustainability  
contributes significantly to the high degree of employ-  
ee loyalty within the BMW Group and is one of the  
reasons for the low staff attrition rate. This enables  
the BMW Group to maintain a low level of personnel  
recruitment expenditure. Further information on the  
attrition rate is provided in the section “Workforce”.  
A key reason for the BMW Group’s ongoing success  
and an example of the high level of employee identi-  
fication are the personal engagement and the ideas  
brought forward by staff members. This is demonstrat-  
ed by the €ꢀ18.2 million saved in 2017 in conjunction  
with the ideas management programme CREATE.  
Social engagement  
In 2017, the BMW Group contributed a total of €ꢀ33  
lion for social engagement (2016: €ꢀ87 million), includ-  
ing €ꢀ16 million for donations (2016: €ꢀ70 million).  
.4 mil-  
.8  
.2  
.4  
The significant decrease compared to 2016 was due to  
a one-time donation to the BMW Foundation in honour  
of the Company’s centenary year 2016.  
7
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS,  
FINANCIAL POSITION AND  
NET ASSETS  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Results of operations  
In the financial year 2017, the BMW Group again  
achieved year-on-year growth in revenues, deliveries  
Rolls-Royce brand vehicles delivered to customers rose  
slightly by 4.1% to 2,463,526* units.  
and profit before tax. The number of BMW, MINI and  
BMW Group condensed income statement  
42  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
Revenues  
98,678  
– 78,744  
19,934  
94,163  
– 75,442  
18,721  
4.8  
– 4.4  
6.5  
Cost of sales  
Gross profit  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Other operating income and expenses  
Profit before financial result  
– 9,560  
– 494  
– 9,158  
–177  
– 4.4  
9,880  
9,386  
5.3  
Financial result  
775  
279  
Profit before tax  
10,655  
9,665  
10.2  
Income taxes  
–1,949  
8,706  
– 2,755  
29.3  
Net profit  
6,910  
26.0  
Earningsꢀperꢀshareꢀofꢀcommonꢀstockꢀinꢀ€ꢀ  
Earningsꢀperꢀshareꢀofꢀpreferredꢀstockꢀinꢀ€  
13.12  
13.14  
10.45  
10.47  
25.6  
25.5  
in %  
2017  
2016  
Change in %pts  
Pre-tax return on sales  
Post-tax return on sales  
Gross margin  
10.8  
8.8  
10.3  
7.3  
0.5  
1.5  
20.2  
18.3  
19.9  
28.5  
0.3  
Effective tax rate  
–10.2  
Profit before tax for the financial year 2017 was  
significantly higher year-on-year.  
*
ꢀI ncludesꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotive,ꢀShenyangꢀLtd.ꢀ  
2017: 384,124 units, 2016: 316,200 units).  
(
7
3
BMW Group revenues increased slightly by  
4
.
8
% year-  
Group revenues by region were as follows:  
on-year to reach €ꢀ98 678 million (2016: €ꢀ94  
,
,163 mil-  
lion). This was mainly driven by higher sales volume  
of BMW Group vehicles, growth in the leasing and  
credit financing contract portfolio and increased sales  
of returned leasing vehicles in the Financial Services  
business.  
BMW Group revenues by region  
• 43  
in %  
2017  
2016  
Europe  
45.6  
30.1  
21.2  
3.1  
47.1  
28.8  
20.7  
3.4  
Negative currency effects held down revenue growth.  
Currency effects were mainly the result of develop-  
ments in the average exchange rates of the British  
pound and the Chinese renminbi.  
Asia  
Americas  
Other regions  
Group  
100.0  
100.0  
BMW Group cost of sales  
44  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
Manufacturing costs  
43,877  
22,932  
1,801  
43,175  
20,723  
1,638  
4,294  
1,222  
2,018  
2,165  
3,067  
75,442  
1.6  
10.7  
10.0  
14.6  
1.1  
Costꢀofꢀsalesꢀrelatingꢀtoꢀfinancialꢀservicesꢀbusiness  
thereofꢀinterestꢀexpenseꢀrelatingꢀtoꢀfinancialꢀservicesꢀbusiness  
Research and development expenses  
thereof amortisation of capitalised development costs  
Service contracts, telematics and roadside assistance  
Warrantyꢀexpenses  
4,920  
1,236  
2,081  
2,041  
2,893  
78,744  
3.1  
– 5.7  
– 5.7  
4.4  
Other cost of sales  
Cost of sales  
The Group’s cost of sales was slightly higher than in  
the previous year due to volume and mix effects. Costs  
relating to the Group’s Financial Services business,  
which were significantly higher than the previous  
year, also contributed. Revenue growth from the sale  
of returned leasing vehicles had a corresponding effect  
on cost of sales. Currency effects held down the scale  
of the increase.  
7
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMW Group performance indicators relating to research and development expenses  
• 45  
Report on  
Economic Position  
in %  
2017  
2016  
Change in %pts  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues  
Research and development expenditure ratio  
Capitalisation rate  
5.0  
6.2  
4.6  
5.5  
0.4  
0.7  
39.7  
40.5  
– 0.8  
Due to the continued product offensive, vehicle electri-  
fication and development work on autonomous driving,  
At €ꢀ775 million, the financial result was significantly  
higher than one year earlier. This was mainly driven  
by a €ꢀ297 million increase in the result from equity  
accounted investments to €ꢀ738 million. This was due,  
amongst others, to a €ꢀ183 million positive earnings  
effect following the sale of 15% of the shares in HERE  
International B.ꢀV., Amsterdam, by THERE Holding B.ꢀV.,  
Amsterdam. The earnings contribution from BMW Bril-  
liance Automotive Ltd. also increased, driven by sales  
volume within a stable competitive environment. In  
addition, other financial result improved by €ꢀ117 mil-  
lion to €ꢀ248 million. In contrast to the previous year, the  
result on investments in 2017 included no impairment  
losses on other investments. Furthermore, the net inter-  
est result improved by €ꢀ82 million to a net amount of  
research and development expenses at €ꢀ4,920 million  
(
2016: €ꢀ 294 million) were significantly up on the pre-  
4,  
vious year. As a result, total research and development  
expenditure – comprising research costs, non-capital-  
ised development costs and capitalised development  
costs (excluding amortisation thereon) – amounted  
to €ꢀ6,108 million in the year under report (2016:  
5,164 million). The capitalised development costs  
were mainly related to the production start of new  
models and modules.  
Overall, gross profit amounted to €ꢀ19,934 million,  
reflecting a solid improvement over the previous year.  
€ꢀ–211 million. This was mainly due to the lower interest  
Selling and administrative expenses were €ꢀ402 mil-  
lion higher at €ꢀ9,560 million, mainly as a result of  
the increased workforce and higher marketing and  
IT expenses.  
expense arising from the unwinding of the discount  
on non-current provisions and higher liquidity, which  
resulted in lower financing requirements in selected  
countries.  
Depreciation and amortisation on property, plant  
and equipment and intangible assets recorded in cost  
of sales and in selling and administrative expenses  
totalled €ꢀ4,822 million (2016: €ꢀ4,806 million).  
Overall, profit before tax increased significantly year-  
on-year to €ꢀ10,655 million (2016: €ꢀ9,665 million).  
The income tax expense for the year amounted to  
€ꢀ1,949 million (2016: €ꢀ2,755 million). The significantly  
The net amount of other operating income and expens  
es in 2017 was €ꢀ–494 million (2016: €ꢀ–ꢀ177 million),  
with, amongst others, higher allocations to provisions  
for litigation and other legal risks contributing to the  
year-on-year change.  
-
lower year-on-year tax expense was mainly due to the  
reduction in the US federal corporate income tax rate  
from 35% to 21% with effect from  
1 January 2018,  
which was taken into account in the measurement of  
deferred taxes at 31 December 2017. The revaluation  
of deferred taxes had an overall positive impact of  
€ꢀ977 million on net profit for the year. Further infor-  
see mation is provided in note 12 of the Group Financial  
Profit before financial result (EBIT) increased solidly  
and amounted to €ꢀ9,880 million (2016: €ꢀ9,386 million).  
note 12  
Statements.  
7
5
Results of operations by segment  
BMW Group revenues by segment  
46  
Currency adjusted  
change* in %  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
Financial Services  
Other Entities  
Eliminations  
Group  
88,581  
2,283  
27,567  
7
86,424  
2,069  
2.5  
10.3  
7.3  
3.9  
11.1  
8.7  
25,681  
6
16.7  
1.3  
–19,760  
98,678  
– 20,017  
94,163  
4.8  
5.1  
*
Theꢀadjustmentꢀforꢀexchangeꢀrateꢀfactorsꢀisꢀcalculatedꢀbyꢀapplyingꢀtheꢀrelevantꢀcurrentꢀexchangeꢀratesꢀtoꢀtheꢀpriorꢀyear’sꢀfigures.  
BMW Group profit / loss before tax by segment  
47  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
Financial Services  
Other Entities  
Eliminations  
Group  
8,691  
205  
7,916  
185  
9.8  
10.8  
1.9  
2,207  
80  
2,166  
170  
– 52.9  
31.6  
10.2  
– 528  
10,655  
– 772  
9,665  
BMW Group margins by segment  
48  
in %  
2017  
2016  
Change in %pts  
Automotive  
Grossꢀprofitꢀmargin  
EBIT margin  
18.4  
8.9  
17.9  
8.9  
0.5  
Motorcycles  
Grossꢀprofitꢀmargin  
EBIT margin  
20.8  
9.1  
20.8  
9.0  
0.1  
7
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Automotive segment  
Financial Services segment  
Automotive segment revenues grew slightly due to  
higher sales volumes, with currency factors and a  
continued highly competitive business environment  
holding revenue growth down. Cost of sales increased  
slightly in line with sales volume growth. The gross  
profit margin was in line with the previous year.  
The Financial Services segment recorded solid reve-  
nue growth due to positive development in the credit  
financing business and the higher volume of returned  
leasing vehicles sold. The risk profile remained at a  
historically favourable level in the year under report.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Segment selling and administrative expenses increased  
Profit before financial result increased slightly to  
by €ꢀ76 million to €ꢀ1,370 million, mainly due to higher  
7
,
863 million (2016: €ꢀ  
7
,
695 million). The positive  
personnel and IT project costs.  
effect of volume growth was offset by increases in  
research and development expenses, selling and  
administrative expenses and other operating expenses.  
The net amount of other operating income and expens  
-
es improved by €ꢀ51 million to €ꢀ–ꢀ17 million. Income  
from the reversal of provisions, amongst others, had  
a positive effect.  
At €828 million, the financial result was significantly  
higher than one year earlier. In addition to the effects  
from result from equity accounted investments and  
other financial result described above, the net interest  
result also had a positive impact on the Automotive  
segment’s financial result. Thanks to lower year-on-  
year interest and similar expenses, the net interest  
result improved significantly to a net amount of  
The financial result improved by €ꢀ31 million to a net  
amount of €ꢀ13 million, due, amongst others, to higher  
fair value measurement gains within other financial  
result.  
Profit before tax in the Financial Services segment  
was slightly up on the previous year, mainly reflecting  
business volume growth and the improved net amount  
of other operating income and expenses.  
ꢀ–205 million (2016: €ꢀ413 million).  
Overall, the Automotive segment reported a solid  
increase in pre-tax profit.  
Other Entities segmentꢂ/ꢂEliminations  
Profit before tax in the Other Entities segment fell  
significantly year-on-year, mainly due to the lower  
net interest result.  
Motorcycles segment  
Motorcycles segment revenues rose significantly,  
mainly reflecting year-on-year volume growth. Higher  
sales of optional equipment, spare parts and acces-  
sories as well as improved pricing also contributed.  
Inter-segment eliminations reduced Group profit  
before tax by €ꢀ528 million. The amount of elimina-  
tions was lower than in the previous financial year as  
a result of the lower volume of new leasing business  
in 2017 and the positive effect of reversals in the  
portfolio of leased products (2016: negative impact  
of €ꢀ772 million).  
The net amount of other operating income and  
expenses deteriorated by €ꢀ24 million to a net amount  
of €ꢀ–ꢀ11 million. The previous year’s figure benefit-  
ed in particular from higher income arising on the  
reversal of write-downs than in the year under report.  
Profit before tax rose significantly compared to the  
previous year thanks to the positive business devel-  
opment.  
7
7
Financial position  
statements correspond to the amounts disclosed in  
the balance sheet.  
The cash flow statements for the Group and the  
Automotive and Financial Services segments show  
the sources and applications of cash flows for the  
financial years 2017 and 2016. Cash flows are classi-  
fied according to operating, investing and financing  
activities. Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow  
Cash flows from operating activities are determined  
indirectly, starting with Group and segment net profit.  
By contrast, cash flows from investing and financing  
activities are based on actual payments and receipts.  
BMW Group financial position  
49  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀoperatingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀinvestingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀfinancingꢀactivities  
Effects of changes in exchange rate and composition of Group  
Change in cash and cash equivalents  
5,909  
– 6,163  
1,572  
–159  
3,173  
– 5,863  
4,393  
55  
2,736  
– 300  
– 2,821  
– 214  
1,159  
1,758  
– 599  
The increase in cash inflow from the Group’s operat-  
ing activities was mainly due to the higher net profit  
for the year (€ꢀ1,796 million) and lower additions to  
leased products (€ꢀ1,392 million), compared to the  
previous year.  
The increase in cash outflow from the Group’s invest-  
ing activities mainly reflects higher overall invest-  
ments in intangible assets and property, plant and  
equipment (€ꢀ1,289 million), partially offset by higher  
cash proceeds from the disposal of investments and  
other business units (€ꢀ1,096 million).  
The Group’s financing activities show a €ꢀ1,913 million  
reduction in cash inflows from the issue of bonds and  
a €ꢀ1,000 million decrease in cash outflows for bond  
repayment. In addition, cash inflows from other finan-  
cial liabilities decreased by €ꢀ4,261 million. Changes  
in commercial paper gave rise to net cash inflow of  
€ꢀ953 million (2016: net cash outflow of €ꢀ1,632 million).  
The cash outflow from investing activities exceeded  
the cash inflow from operating activities by €ꢀ254 mil-  
lion in the financial year 2017. In the previous year,  
the shortfall was higher at €ꢀ2,690 million.  
7
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMW Group change in cash and cash equivalents  
• 50  
Report on  
Economic Position  
in € million  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
15,000  
10,000  
5,000  
0
15,000  
10,000  
5,000  
0
+
5,909  
+ 1,572  
9,039  
7,880  
159  
6,163  
Cash and  
cash  
equivalents  
Cash inflow  
from  
operating  
activities  
Cash outflow  
from  
investing  
activities  
Cash inflow  
from  
financing  
activities  
Currency  
translation,  
changes in  
Cash and  
cash  
equivalents  
31.12. 2017  
3
1.12. 2016  
Group composition  
Free cash flow for the Automotive segment was as  
follows:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀoperatingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀinvestingꢀactivities  
Net investment in marketable securities and investment funds  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
10,848  
– 6,544  
155  
11,464  
– 616  
–1,112  
395  
– 5,432  
– 240  
4,459  
5,792  
–1,333  
The decrease in cash inflow from the Automotive seg-  
ment’s operating activities was mainly due to higher  
net outflow for other operating assets and liabilities.  
Cash outflow from investing activities was influenced  
in particular by the overall €ꢀ1,273 million increase in  
investments in intangible assets and property, plant  
and equipment.  
Net financial assets of the Automotive segment com-  
prise the following:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change  
Cash and cash equivalents  
7,157  
4,336  
4,794  
4,147  
2,363  
189  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Intragroupꢀnetꢀfinancialꢀassets  
Financial assets  
9,774  
12,077  
21,018  
– 2,303  
249  
21,267  
Less:ꢀexternalꢀfinancialꢀliabilities*  
–1,480  
19,787  
–1,498  
18  
Net financial assets Automotive segment  
19,520  
267  
*
ꢀExcludingꢀderivativeꢀfinancialꢀinstruments.  
7
9
Net cash inflows and outflows for the Financial Ser-  
vices segment were as follows:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀoperatingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀinvestingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflow ꢀ/ ꢀo utflowꢀfromꢀfinancingꢀactivities  
Net  
– 6,384  
937  
– 9,844  
–102  
3,460  
1,039  
4,334  
–1,113  
11,601  
1,655  
– 7,267  
– 2,768  
Cash outflow from operating activities in the Finan-  
cial Services segment is driven primarily by the cash  
flows relating to leased products and receivables from  
sales financing. Cash inflow from investing activities  
results mainly from cash proceeds from the disposal  
of investments and other business units (€ꢀ970 million).  
Cash inflow from financing activities is mainly driven  
by the change in other financial liabilities.  
Financing measures undertaken centrally ensure  
access to liquidity for the Group’s operating subsid-  
iaries at standard market conditions and consistent  
credit terms. Funds are acquired in line with a target  
liability structure, comprising a balanced mix of financ-  
ing instruments. The use of longer-term financing  
instruments to finance the Group’s financial services  
business and the maintenance of a sufficiently high  
liquidity reserve serves to avoid liquidity risk in the  
portfolio. This conservative financial approach also  
supports the Group’s rating. Further information  
is provided in the section Liquidity risks within the  
Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities.  
Refinancing  
A broad range of instruments on international money  
and capital markets is used to refinance worldwide  
operations. Funds raised are used almost exclusively to  
finance the BMW Group’s Financial Services business.  
Thanks to its good ratings and the high level of accept-  
ance it enjoys on capital markets, the BMW Group  
was again able to refinance operations at favourable  
conditions on debt capital markets during the finan-  
cial year 2017. In addition to the issue of bonds, loan  
notes and private placements, commercial paper  
was also issued. As in previous years, all issues were  
in high demand, not only from private but also in  
particular from institutional investors. In addition,  
retail customer and dealership financing receivables  
and rights and obligations from leasing contracts  
are securitised in the form of asset-backed securi-  
ties (ABS) financing arrangements. Specific banking  
instruments, such as customer deposits used by the  
Group’s own banks in Germany and the USA, are  
also used for financing. Loans are also taken out with  
international banks.  
The overall objective of Group financing is to ensure at  
all times the solvency of the BMW Group. This leads  
to three areas of focus:  
1
2
3
. Ability to act through permanent access to strate-  
gically important capital markets  
. Autonomy through the diversification of refi-  
nancing instruments and investors  
. Focus on value through optimisation of financing  
costs  
8
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMW Group composition financial liabilities  
A total of twelve public ABS transactions were exe-  
cuted in 2017, including three in China, two each  
in Germany and the USA, and one each in Canada,  
South Korea, South Africa, the UK and Switzerland,  
with a total volume equivalent to €ꢀ6.9 billion. Fur-  
ther funds were also raised via new ABS conduit  
transactions in Japan, the UK and the USA totalling  
51  
Report on  
Economic Position  
in € million  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Derivate instruments 1,090  
Commercial paper 4,461  
Other 1,132  
€ꢀ2.4 billion. Other transactions remain in place in  
Germany, Switzerland, South Korea, South Africa  
and Australia, amongst others.  
Liabilities to banks  
12,658  
Bonds  
4
4,880  
The following table provides an overview of amounts*  
utilised at 31 December 2017 in connection with the  
BMW Group’s money and capital market programmes:  
Liabilities  
from customer  
deposits (banking)  
Asset-backed  
financing  
transactions  
13,572  
16,855  
Programme  
framework  
Amount  
utilised*  
Programme  
inꢀ€ꢀbillion  
Euro Medium Term Notes  
Australian Medium Term Notes  
Commercial Paper  
50.0  
1.6  
34.7  
0.3  
BMW Group financial liabilities by maturity  
13.0  
4.4  
52  
*
Measured at exchange rates at the relevant transaction dates.  
in € million  
5
2
0
0,000  
5,000  
At 31 December 2017, liquidity stood at a solid level  
of €ꢀ14.5 billion.  
4
4,144 43,865  
4
2,326  
41,100  
The BMW Group also has access to a syndicated credit  
line which was newly agreed in July 2017. The syn-  
dicated credit line of €ꢀ8 billion has a minimum term  
to July 2022 and is made available by a consortium of  
11,261  
9,683  
4
4 international banks. The credit line was not being  
utilised at 31 December 2017.  
Maturity (years)  
within  
1
between  
1–5  
later  
than 5  
Further information with respect to financial liabilities  
2
016 2017  
2016 2017  
2016 2017  
see is provided in notes 29, 33 and 37 of the Group  
notes 29,  
3 and 37  
Financial Statements.  
3
In 2017, the BMW Group issued four euro bench-  
mark bonds on the European capital market with  
a total issue volume of €ꢀ3.75 billion, as well as  
bonds on the US capital market with a total issue  
volume of US$ꢀ2.20 billion. Bonds were also issued in  
British pounds, US dollars, Canadian dollars, Indian  
rupees, South Korean won and Norwegian krone for  
a total amount of €ꢀ1.17 billion. Private placements  
totalling €ꢀ4.50 billion were also issued.  
8
1
Net assets  
BMW Group condensed balance sheet at 31 December  
53  
Group  
Proportion of  
balance sheet  
total in %  
Currency adjusted  
change* in %  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Change in %  
2017  
Assets  
Intangible assets  
9,464  
18,471  
36,257  
2,767  
8,157  
17,960  
37,789  
2,546  
16.0  
2.8  
16.2  
5.3  
4.9  
9.5  
Property,ꢀplantꢀandꢀequipment  
Leased products  
– 4.1  
8.7  
2.0  
18.7  
1.4  
Investmentsꢀaccountedꢀforꢀusingꢀtheꢀequityꢀmethod  
Other investments  
8.7  
690  
560  
23.2  
2.8  
24.1  
9.1  
0.4  
Receivablesꢀfromꢀsalesꢀfinancing  
Financial assets  
80,434  
10,334  
3,493  
78,260  
9,770  
41.6  
5.3  
5.8  
6.8  
Deferred and current tax  
Other assets  
4,265  
–18.1  
7.2  
– 6.4  
10.0  
11.1  
–1.8  
18.2  
7.6  
1.8  
7,160  
6,682  
3.7  
Inventories  
12,707  
2,667  
11,841  
2,825  
7.3  
6.6  
Trade receivables  
– 5.6  
14.7  
2.6  
1.4  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Total assets  
9,039  
7,880  
4.7  
193,483  
188,535  
100.0  
equity And liABilities  
Equity  
54,548  
3,252  
47,363  
4,587  
15.2  
– 29.1  
7.6  
19.1  
– 27.4  
13.0  
10.3  
1.8  
28.2  
1.7  
Pension provisions  
Other provisions  
11,750  
3,365  
10,918  
3,869  
6.1  
Deferred and current tax  
Financial liabilities  
Tradeꢀpayables  
–13.0  
– 3.2  
14.3  
4.1  
1.7  
94,648  
9,731  
97,731  
8,512  
48.9  
5.0  
16.7  
10.0  
7.6  
Other liabilities  
16,189  
193,483  
15,555  
188,535  
8.4  
Total equity and liabilities  
2.6  
100.0  
*
ꢀTheꢀadjustmentꢀforꢀexchangeꢀrateꢀfactorsꢀisꢀcalculatedꢀbyꢀapplyingꢀtheꢀrelevantꢀcurrentꢀexchangeꢀratesꢀtoꢀtheꢀpriorꢀyear’sꢀfigures.  
The balance sheet total of the BMW Group increased  
slightly compared to 31 December 2016. Adjusted for  
currency effects, the increase was solid. Currency  
effects arose primarily from the period-end exchange  
rates of the US dollar, Chinese renminbi and British  
pound against the euro.  
Leased products decreased slightly compared to  
31 December 2016. Adjusted for currency effects,  
however, they increased slightly. The portfolio of  
leasing contracts grew by 3.8% to 1,744,297 contracts,  
with increases recorded in particular in France, Spain  
and Germany.  
Intangible assets increased significantly compared  
to the end of 2016. Within this item, the carrying  
amount of capitalised development costs rose by  
Receivables from sales financing were slightly higher  
compared to 31 December 2016. Adjusted for currency  
effects, however, there was a solid increase, particu-  
larly in the UK and China. A total of 1,224,546 new  
credit financing contracts were signed in 2017 and the  
1,188 million as a result of the continued product  
offensive, vehicle electrification and development  
work on autonomous driving.  
contract portfolio grew by 5.3% to 3,181,931 contracts.  
8
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
A solid increase in inventories was recorded compared  
to the end of 2016. Adjusted for currency effects the  
increase was significant. The increase was primarily due  
to finished goods, mainly relating to stocking up effects  
in connection with the introduction of new models,  
Financial assets increased solidly compared to  
31 December 2016, mainly due to the positive devel-  
opment of currency and commodity derivatives.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Cash and cash equivalents grew significantly by  
€ꢀ1,159 million, compared to one year earlier.  
amongst others, the  
5
Series and the X3 and X1 models.  
Balance sheet structure – Group  
54  
Balance sheet total in € billion  
193  
193  
200  
133  
66  
0
189  
189  
200  
133  
66  
2
3
8 %  
6 %  
25 % Equity  
Non-current assets 63 %  
6
3
5 %  
5 %  
39 % Non-current provisions and liabilities  
Current assets 37 %  
36 %  
36 % Current provisions and liabilities  
thereof cash and cash equivalents 5 %  
4 %  
0
2
017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
Balance sheet structure – Automotive segment  
55  
Balance sheet total in € billion  
1
6
3
0
00  
94  
94  
100  
66  
33  
0
8
9
89  
Non-current assets 46 %  
42 %  
4
1 % Equity  
4
5
8 %  
2 %  
6
1
8 %  
0 %  
1
9 % Non-current provisions and liabilities  
0 % Current provisions and liabilities  
3
Current assets 54 %  
4
4
thereof cash and cash equivalents 8 %  
5
%
2
017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
8
3
Group equity rose by €ꢀ  
lion. Equity increased year-on-year mainly as a result  
of the net profit attributable to shareholders of  
7
,
185 million to €ꢀ54  
,
548 mil-  
plans amounting to €ꢀ693 million, due mainly to the  
revaluation of plan assets. The dividend payment of  
€ꢀ2,300 million, negative currency translation effects  
BMWAG amounting to €ꢀ  
on derivative financial instruments amounting to  
1,914 million and the positive impact of remeasure-  
8
,
620 million, fair value gains  
of foreign operations amounting to €ꢀ1,171 million  
and deferred taxes on fair value changes recognised  
directly in equity amounting to €ꢀ815 million had a  
negative impact on equity.  
ments of the net defined benefit liability for pension  
BMW Group equity ratio  
56  
in %  
31. 12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Change in %pts  
Group  
28.2  
42.0  
10.7  
25.1  
41.3  
8.0  
3.1  
0.7  
2.7  
Automotive segment  
Financial Services segment  
Pension provisions decreased significantly compared  
to the end of the financial year 2016. The decrease  
was mainly due to gains on plan assets as well as  
gains from the closing of defined benefit plans in the  
UK. A transfer from plan assets for pre-retirement  
part-time working arrangements to plan assets for  
pension plans brought about a further reduction in  
pension provisions.  
Financial liabilities fell slightly compared to 31 Decem-  
ber 2016. Adjusted for currency effects, they increased  
slightly. The increase was mainly due to the issue of  
bonds and commercial paper. In addition, new ABS  
transactions were concluded in various countries.  
Changes in derivatives and lower liabilities to banks  
kept down the increase in financial liabilities.  
The significant increase in trade payables mainly  
reflects higher production volumes and model start-  
ups.  
Overall, the results of operations, financial position  
and net assets position of the BMW Group continued  
to develop positively during the year under report.  
8
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Value added statement  
the net value added is related to employees. The  
proportion remaining in the Group is retained to  
finance future operations. The gross value added  
amount treats depreciation as a component of value  
added which, in the allocation statement, would be  
treated as internal financing.  
The value added statement shows the value of work  
performed by the BMW Group during the financial  
year, less the value of work bought in. Deprecia-  
tion and amortisation, cost of materials, and other  
expenses are treated as bought-in costs in the net  
value added calculation. The allocation statement  
shows the value added of each of the participants  
involved in the value added process. The bulk of  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Net valued added by the BMW Group remained at a  
high level in the financial year 2017.  
BMW Group value added statement  
57  
2
017  
2017  
in %  
2016  
in € million  
2016  
in %  
Change  
in %  
in € million  
Work perFormed  
Revenues  
98,678  
1,123  
98.2  
1.1  
94,163  
875  
98.4  
0.9  
Financial income  
Other income  
720  
0.7  
670  
0.7  
Total output  
100,521  
100.0  
95,708  
100.0  
5.0  
Cost of materials*  
Other expenses  
Bought-in costs  
51,043  
16,045  
67,088  
50.8  
16.0  
66.8  
50,279  
13,502  
63,781  
52.5  
14.1  
66.6  
5.2  
4.7  
Gross value added  
33,433  
33.2  
31,927  
33.4  
Depreciation and amortisation of total tangible,  
intangible and investment assets  
8,455  
8.4  
8,304  
8.7  
Net value added  
24,978  
24.8  
23,623  
24.7  
5.7  
AllocAtion  
Employees  
12,052  
2,066  
2,154  
2,630  
5,990  
86  
48.3  
8.3  
11,535  
1,965  
3,213  
2,300  
4,563  
47  
48.8  
8.3  
4.5  
5.1  
Providersꢀofꢀfinance  
Government / public sector  
Shareholders  
8.6  
13.7  
9.7  
– 33.0  
14.3  
31.3  
83.0  
5.7  
10.5  
24.0  
0.3  
Group  
19.3  
0.2  
Minorityꢀinterest  
Net value added  
24,978  
100.0  
23,623  
100.0  
*
ꢀCostꢀofꢀmaterialsꢀcomprisesꢀallꢀprimaryꢀmaterialꢀcostsꢀincurredꢀforꢀvehicleꢀproductionꢀplusꢀancillaryꢀmaterialꢀcostsꢀ(suchꢀasꢀcustomsꢀduties,ꢀinsuranceꢀpremiumsꢀandꢀfreight).  
8
5
BMW Group value added 2017  
58  
in %  
Depreciation and amortisation 8.4  
16.0 Other expenses  
4
1
8.3 % Employees  
8
8
.3 % Providers of finance  
2
4.8 Net value added  
.6 % Government / public sector  
0.5 % Shareholders  
Cost of materials 50.8  
24.0 % Group  
.3 % Minorityꢀinterest  
0
8
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
COMMENTS ON FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS OF BMW AG  
Business environment and review of operations  
The general and sector-specific environment of BMWAG  
is essentially the same as that of the BMW Group and is  
described in the Report on Economic Position section  
of the Combined Management Report.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Comments on  
Financial Statements  
of BMW AG  
BMWAG develops, manufactures and sells automobiles  
and motorcycles as well as spare parts and accessories  
manufactured in-house, by foreign subsidiaries and by  
external suppliers, and performs services related to  
these products. Sales activities are carried out primar-  
ily through branches, subsidiaries, independent deal-  
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft  
(
BMWAG), based in Munich, Germany, is the parent  
company of the BMW Group. The comments on the  
BMW Group and Automotive segment provided in  
earlier sections apply to BMWAG, unless presented  
differently in the following section. The Financial  
Statements of BMWAG are drawn up in accordance  
with the provisions of the German Commercial Code  
erships and importers. In 2017  
deliveries by 138 389 units to  
figure includes 396 749 units relating to series sets  
,
BMWAG increased  
,
2
,
494 115 units. This  
,
,
(
HGB) and the relevant supplementary provisions of  
supplied to the joint venture BMW Brilliance Automo-  
tive Ltd., Shenyang, an increase of 91,023 units over  
the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG).  
the previous year. At 31 December 2017, BMWAG  
The key financial and non-financial performance  
indicators for BMW AG are essentially identical and  
concurrent with those of the Automotive segment  
of the BMW Group. These are described in detail  
in the Report on Economic Position section of the  
Combined Management Report.  
employed a workforce of 87,940 people, 2,186 more  
than one year earlier.  
Differences between the accounting treatment of the  
German Commercial Code and International Financial  
Reporting Standards (IFRS), according to which the  
BMW Group Financial Statements are prepared, are  
mainly to be found in connection with the capitali-  
sation of intangible assets, the creation of valuation  
units, the recognition and measurement of financial  
instruments and provisions, and the recognition  
of deferred tax assets. Differences also arise in the  
presentation of assets and liabilities and of items in  
the income statement.  
8
7
Results of operations  
BMW AG Income Statement  
59  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Revenues  
79,215  
– 62,817  
16,398  
75,350  
– 60,946  
14,404  
Cost of sales  
Gross profit  
Selling expenses  
– 3,958  
– 2,733  
– 5,168  
– 303  
– 3,635  
– 2,504  
– 4,504  
–137  
Administrative expenses  
Research and development expenses  
Other operating income and expenses  
Result on investments  
Financial result  
1,081  
1,015  
– 35  
– 541  
Income taxes  
–1,563  
3,213  
–1,308  
3,296  
Profit after income tax  
Other taxes  
–16  
–19  
Net profit  
3,197  
3,277  
Transfer to revenue reserves  
– 567  
2,630  
– 977  
Unappropriated profit available for distribution  
2,300  
Revenues rose by  
increased deliveries of the BMW 5 Series. In geograph-  
ical terms, the increase mainly related to Asia and  
5
.
1
% year-on-year, mainly reflecting  
The net amount of other operating income and  
expenses deteriorated by €ꢀ166 million to € –303 mil-  
lion, with the year-on-year change mainly attributable  
to higher net expenses for financial transactions as  
well as legal disputes.  
Europe. Revenues amounted to €ꢀ79  
75 350 million), of which Group internal revenues  
accounted for €ꢀ59  
,
215 million (2016  
:
,
,
736 million (2016: €ꢀ56  
,
412 million)  
or 75.4% (2016: 74.9%).  
Results on investments benefited from higher profit  
transfers from Group companies. By contrast, the  
financial result deteriorated by €ꢀ506 million, mainly  
due to higher interest expenses for pension liabilities  
and lower income from the corresponding plan assets.  
The reversal of impairment losses on the investment  
in SGL Carbon SE, however, had a positive impact on  
the financial result.  
Cost of sales increased by  
mostly due to the higher cost of materials. Gross profit  
improved by €ꢀ1,994 million to €ꢀ16,398 million.  
3
.
1
% to €ꢀ62  
,
817 million,  
Selling and administrative expenses increased over  
all year-on-year, reflecting an increase in workforce,  
IT projects and increased marketing costs.  
-
The expense for income taxes relates primarily to  
current tax for the financial year 2017.  
Research and development expenses related mainly to  
new vehicle models in conjunction with the product  
offensive (including new X models), expenses for the  
development of drivetrain systems and innovations,  
for example in connection with the electrification of  
vehicles and the further development of autonomous  
driving. Compared to the previous year, research and  
development expenses increased by 14.7%.  
After deducting the expense for taxes, the Company  
reported a net profit of €ꢀ3,197 million compared to  
€ꢀ3,277 million in the previous year.  
8
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Financial and net assets position  
BMW AG Balance Sheet at 31 December  
• 60  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Comments on  
Financial Statements  
of BMW AG  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Assets  
Intangible assets  
288  
11,455  
3,676  
310  
11,163  
3,238  
Property,ꢀplantꢀandꢀequipment  
Investments  
Tangible, intangible and investment assets  
15,419  
14,711  
Inventories  
4,643  
766  
4,260  
667  
Trade receivables  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Other receivables and other assets  
Marketable securities  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Current assets  
7,641  
2,827  
4,185  
4,218  
24,280  
6,001  
2,525  
3,846  
2,676  
19,975  
Prepayments  
483  
1,290  
430  
1,183  
Surplus of pension and similar plan assets over liabilities  
Total assets  
41,472  
36,299  
equity And liABilities  
Subscribed capital  
658  
2,153  
9,605  
2,630  
15,046  
657  
2,127  
Capital reserves  
Revenue reserves  
9,038  
Unappropriatedꢀprofitꢀavailableꢀforꢀdistribution  
Equity  
2,300  
14,122  
Registered profit-sharing certificates  
29  
30  
Pension provisions  
Other provisions  
Provisions  
139  
8,469  
8,608  
93  
7,606  
7,699  
Liabilities to banks  
Tradeꢀpayables  
965  
5,619  
8,187  
333  
995  
5,030  
5,951  
406  
Liabilities to subsidiaries  
Other liabilities  
Liabilities  
15,104  
12,382  
Deferred income  
2,685  
2,066  
Total equity and liabilities  
41,472  
36,299  
Capital expenditure on intangible assets and prop-  
erty, plant and equipment in the year under report  
The carrying amount of investments increased to  
€ꢀ3,676 million (2016: €ꢀ3,238 million), mainly as a  
result of a share capital increase at BMW Automotive  
Finance (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing. A previously rec-  
ognised impairment loss of €ꢀ70 million on the invest-  
ment in SGL Carbon SE, Wiesbaden, was reversed  
in 2017, since the reasons for valuing the investment  
at the lower market value no longer existed at the  
balance sheet date.  
amounted to €ꢀ  
up by 12.0 % compared to the previous year. Depre-  
ciation and amortisation amounted to €ꢀ 350 million  
2016: €ꢀ2,233 million).  
2,628 million (2016: €ꢀ2,346 million),  
2
,
(
8
9
At €ꢀ  
4
,
643 million, inventories were higher than at the  
Cash and cash equivalents increased by €ꢀ1,542 million  
end of the previous year (2016: €ꢀ4,260 million), due  
to an increase in finished goods.  
to €ꢀ4,218 million, mainly due to the surplus from  
operational activities and the increase in financial  
liabilities. Investment in tangible, intangible and  
investment assets and in marketable securities, as  
well as payment of the dividend from the previous  
year, had an offsetting effect.  
Receivables from subsidiaries, most of which relate to  
intragroup financing receivables, rose to €ꢀ7,641 mil-  
lion (2016: €ꢀ6,001 million).  
The increase in other receivables and other assets to  
2,827 million (2016: €ꢀ2,525 million) was mainly due  
Risks and opportunities  
to higher receivables from companies in which an  
investment is held, as well as higher tax receivables.  
BMWAG’s performance is essentially dependent on  
the same set of risks and opportunities that affect the  
BMW Group and which are described in detail in the  
Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities section  
of the Combined Management Report. As a general  
rule, BMWAG participates in the risks entered into  
by Group companies in proportion to the respective  
shareholding percentage.  
Equity increased by €ꢀ924 million to €ꢀ15,046 million.  
The equity ratio fell from 38.9% to 36.3%, mainly due  
to the increased balance sheet total.  
In order to secure pension obligations, investments  
in fund assets totalling €ꢀ498 million were transferred  
to BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, in conjunction with a  
Contractual Trust Arrangement (CTA). Fund assets are  
offset against the related guaranteed obligations. The  
resulting surplus of assets over liabilities is reported in  
the BMWAG balance sheet on the line item Surplus of  
pension and similar plan assets over liabilities.  
BMWAG is integrated in the group-wide risk man-  
agement system and internal control system of the  
BMW Group. Further information is provided in the  
section Internal Control System Relevant for Account  
-
ing and Financial Reporting Processes within the  
Combined Management Report.  
Provisions for pensions increased from €ꢀ93 million  
to €ꢀ139 million, after offsetting of pension liabilities  
with pension assets.  
Outlook  
Due to its significance in the Group and its close ties  
with Group companies, expectations for BMWAG with  
respect to its financial and non-financial performance  
indicators correspond largely to the BMW Group’s  
outlook for the Automotive segment. This is described  
in detail in the Report on Outlook, Risks and Oppor-  
tunities section of the Combined Management Report.  
Other provisions increased year on year, mainly due  
to increased provisions for pre-retirement part-time  
arrangements. With effect from 2017, fund assets  
relating to pre-retirement part-time working arrange-  
ments are secured by bank guarantees, with the result  
that at the reporting date no offsetting amount was  
recorded for corresponding assets. Also, provisions  
were increased as a result of further additions to the  
provision for litigation and liability risks.  
Liabilities to banks decreased as a result of the repay-  
ment of project-related loans.  
Liabilities to subsidiaries comprise mainly intragroup  
financial liabilities.  
Deferred income increased by €ꢀ619 million to  
€ꢀ2,685 million and included mainly amounts relating  
to services still to be performed related to service and  
maintenance contracts.  
KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin,  
has issued an unqualified audit opinion on the finan-  
cial statements of BMWAG, of which the balance sheet  
and the income statement are presented here. The  
BMWAG financial statements for the financial year  
2017 will be submitted to the operator of the electronic  
version of the German Federal Gazette and can be  
obtained via the Company Register website. These  
financial statements are available from BMW AG,  
80788 Munich, Germany.  
Liquidity within the BMW Group is managed centrally  
by BMWAG on the basis of a group-wide liquidity  
concept. This involves concentrating a significant part  
of the Group’s liquidity at BMWAG. An important  
instrument in this context is the cash pool based at  
BMWAG. The liquidity position reported by BMWAG  
therefore reflects the global activities of BMWAG and  
other Group companies.  
9
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
OUTLOOK  
REPORT ON OUT-  
LOOK, RISKS AND  
OPPORTUNITIES  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Outlook  
The report on outlook, risks and opportunities describes  
the expected development of the BMW Group, includ-  
ing the significant risks and opportunities, from a  
Group management perspective. In line with the  
Group’s internal management system, the outlook cov-  
ers a period of one year. Risks and opportunities are  
managed on the basis of a two-year assessment. The  
report on risks and opportunities therefore addresses  
a period of two years.  
Positive overall outlook for  
global economy  
Strong business performance  
expected to continue in 2018  
Outlook foresees increase in deliveries  
and revenues  
The report on outlook, risks and opportunities con-  
tains forward-looking statements. These are based  
on the BMW Group’s expectations and assessments  
and are subject to uncertainty. As a result, actual out-  
comes can deviate either positively or negatively – for  
example on account of political and economic devel-  
opments – from the expectations described below.  
Further information is provided in the section Risks  
and Opportunities.  
Assumptions used in the outlook  
The following outlook relates to a forecast period  
of one year and is based on the composition of the  
BMW Group during that time. The outlook takes  
account of all information available at the time of  
reporting and which could have an effect on the overall  
performance of the Group. The expectations contained  
in the outlook are based on the BMW Group’s forecasts  
for 2018 and reflect its most recent status. The basis  
and principal assumptions of the forecasts are set  
out below. They represent a consensus of opinions  
of leading organisations, such as economic research  
institutes and banks. These assumptions flow into the  
planning basis of the BMW Group.  
The continuous forecasting process ensures the  
BMW Group’s ability to exploit opportunities quickly  
and systematically as they arise and react in a similar  
way to unexpected risks. The principal risks and  
opportunities are described in detail in the section  
Risks and Opportunities. The risks and opportu-  
nities discussed therein are relevant for all of the  
BMW Group’s performance indicators and could result  
in variances between the outlook and actual outcomes.  
9
1
Economic outlook  
In 2018, China is likely to focus on reducing credit  
growth and stimulating the services sector. Greater  
diversification of economic sectors could lead to a  
reduction in overcapacities. Against this backdrop,  
GDP is forecast to rise by 6.5%. Many Chinese indus-  
trial companies are confronted with high debt levels,  
a situation that could also threaten financial market  
stability. Safeguarding market stability therefore  
remains one of the most urgent tasks for the Chinese  
government. The risk of a significant economic down-  
turn in China cannot therefore be ruled out.  
Despite an array of uncertainties, particularly in  
the area of international trade, the overall outlook  
for the world economy is positive. Global economic  
growth is forecast to be around 3.9% in 2018. The  
exit negotiations between the EU and the UK and the  
current US administration’s future trade policy remain  
factors that could at least significantly slow down the  
current upward trend in the event of unfavourable  
developments. Moreover, financial market stability  
could be jeopardised by over-restrictive monetary  
policies in the USA, high levels of corporate debt in  
China and excessive sovereign debt in Japan as well  
as some eurozone countries. Further information on  
political and global economic risks is also available in  
the section Risks and Opportunities.  
The Japanese economy is expected to grow by 1.3%  
in 2018. Moderate demand for capital goods as well  
as consumer spending could help drive growth. The  
weak yen is also likely to create momentum for exports.  
After a year of robust expansion, economic growth  
in the eurozone is forecast to slow down slightly to  
If India succeeds in implementing further reforms  
aimed at promoting growth, economic output could  
2
.2% in 2018. Germany, Europe’s largest economy, is  
rise by even more than the 7.3% forecast for 2018.  
Economic growth is also forecast for Russia (+ꢀ1.9%)  
and Brazil (+ %), supported by higher raw material  
prices and solid corporate investment.  
expected to grow at a similar rate (+2.3%). Economic  
growth of the other member states in the eurozone  
is also predicted to develop positively. France (+2.0%)  
2.5  
and Italy (+ꢀ1.4%) are likely to see an increase in GDP  
over the outlook period. Based on an expected growth  
rate of 2.7%, the Spanish economy is set to grow faster  
than the eurozone average. The economies of both  
Portugal and Greece are also expected to grow at  
around 2.1%, enabling a reduction in unemployment.  
The UK’s economic performance in the outlook period  
will be influenced significantly by the progress of EU  
exit negotiations. In view of the official leaving date  
in March 2019 and with negotiations making slow  
progress to date, the UK economy is preparing for  
various scenarios. British companies are considering,  
amongst others, relocation of operations to the EU  
.
The lack of planning certainty is weighing on compa-  
nies and private households alike. Consequently, the  
economy is expected to slow further with a growth  
rate of only 1.4% for the current year.  
In the USA, the administration’s tax-cutting pro-  
gramme is likely to give companies greater flexibility  
for investment and thereby boost business expansion.  
These factors are expected to have a slightly positive  
impact on the economy, which is expected to expand  
by 2.6 % in 2018. The US Federal Reserve will most  
likely continue pursuing a more restrictive monetary  
policy. The prerequisite is that domestic demand in  
private households as well as corporate and public  
sectors remains robust and prices rise.  
9
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Currency markets  
International automobile markets  
New registrations are forecast to increase slightly  
by around 1.5% worldwide to 89.0 million units in  
2018, with growth expected from emerging markets  
in particular.  
Currencies of particular importance for the interna-  
tional operations of the BMW Group are the US dollar,  
the Chinese renminbi, the Japanese yen and the Brit-  
ish pound. All of these major currencies are expected  
to remain volatile in 2018.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Outlook  
The automobile market in Europe is unlikely to benefit  
from the global economic recovery, and registrations  
are predicted to fall slightly overall (15.6 million  
units; –0.6 %). New registrations in Germany are  
forecast to decrease by 1.2 % to 3.4 million units.  
The French market is forecast to be flat (2.1 million  
A significantly more restrictive monetary policy  
on the part of the US Federal Reserve as well as  
economic stimulus through tax cuts for companies  
and private households could raise the value of the  
US dollar against the euro. However, a simultaneous  
economic upturn in the eurozone, falling unemploy-  
ment and rising inflation rates could lead the ECB  
to gradually scale down its expansionary monetary  
policy. As a result, the euro would probably remain at  
a similar value against the US dollar as in the second  
half of 2017.  
units; –  
slow after a strong year, with growth in 2018 expected  
at only % ( million units). In the UK the forecast  
for new registrations is negative. A further fall of  
0.4%). In Italy, the automobile market is set to  
1
.
2
2.0  
approximately 4.5 % to around 2.4 million units is  
expected here.  
The strong economic ties between China and the USA  
make it likely that the Chinese renminbi will follow  
a similar trend to the US dollar. As a result, the ren-  
minbiꢀ/ꢀeuro exchange rate is likely to move sideways  
in 2018, subject to volatility.  
According to forecasts, the downward trend in the USA  
is set to continue. New registrations are expected to  
be down by 2.5% to 16.8 million units.  
In China, a  
3
.
3
% increase is expected in passenger  
million units. The  
car registrations to around 25  
.
5
The performance of the British pound will be deter-  
mined largely by the progress made in negotiations  
between the EU and the UK. If the negotiating parties  
are able to agree on withdrawal terms and successfully  
conclude talks on trade relations for the period after  
March 2019 or for a transition period, the pound could  
appreciate moderately against the euro. If, on the  
other hand, planning uncertainty persists, the pound  
may come under additional downward pressure.  
automobile market in Japan is likely to see moderate  
contraction in 2018. Registrations are forecast to be  
down 2.7% year-on-year to approximately 4.9 million  
units.  
Registrations in Russia are expected to rise by around  
10% in 2018 to million units on the back of eco-  
nomic recovery. In Brazil, registration figures are also  
1.6  
expected to increase in the current year by about 10  
to 2.0 million units.  
%
The central bank in Japan continues to pursue a highly  
expansionary monetary policy. For this reason, the  
value of the yen against the euro is likely to be almost  
unchanged compared to the year-end closing rate or  
only slightly lower.  
International motorcycle markets  
The world’s motorcycle markets in the 250 cc plus class  
are expected to remain stable overall in 2018, with  
individual markets continuing to develop divergently.  
In Europe, the BMW Group expects the major markets  
of France, Italy and Spain to continue their positive  
trend, while the German market is likely to show a  
stable development compared to the previous year.  
Markets in the UK and the USA could see a further  
slight contraction after the previous year’s decline.  
Currencies in numerous emerging economies are like-  
ly to remain under pressure against the US dollar as a  
result of the ongoing normalisation of US monetary  
policy. This applies in particular to countries that  
export raw materials, such as Russia, Brazil and South  
Africa. By contrast, any increase in raw material prices  
will tend to have a positive impact on these economies.  
9
3
International interest rate environment  
Outlook for the BMW Group  
The global economic upturn is expected to gain further  
momentum in 2018. While successive rises in bench-  
mark interest rates seem likely in the USA, tightening  
of monetary policies in other industrialised countries  
is likely to be carried out with great caution.  
Application of International Financial Reporting  
Standards IFRS 9 (Financial Instruments) and IFRS 15  
(Revenue from Contracts with Customers) is mandato-  
ry with effect from  
1 January 2018. While application  
of IFRS 15 requires adjusted comparative figures for  
the financial year 2017, no adjustment of comparative  
figures is required in the case of IFRS 9. In order to  
ensure a transparent presentation of changes in key  
financial performance indicators, the outlook shows  
values adjusted in accordance with IFRS 15 as well as  
those actually reported for 2017. With regard to key  
financial performance indicators for 2018, the outlook  
is based on values for 2017 adjusted in accordance  
with IFRS 15. Further information on IFRS 9 and  
The US Federal Reserve is expected to raise interest  
rates in three or four increments in the course of 2018  
in line with its policy of increasing interest rates.  
The ECB is predicted to maintain its expansionary  
monetary policy in 2018, while continuing to reduce  
the volume of monthly bond purchases.  
The uncertainty surrounding the ongoing Brexit nego-  
tiations is expected to continue to weigh on the UK  
economy in 2018. The Bank of England is expected  
to adopt initially a cautious approach and intervene  
where necessary.  
see IFRS 15 is provided in note 5 of the Group Financial  
note 5  
Statements.  
Group  
Profit before tax expected at previous year’s level  
Competition on international automobile markets  
is set to remain intense during the current year.  
Furthermore, political and economic developments  
in Europe remain uncertain. Above all, this is due  
to the unforeseeable effects of Brexit negotiations  
between the EU and the UK. The economic policy  
of the US administration also remains difficult to  
predict. Further information is provided in Risks and  
Opportunities in the section Macroeconomic risks  
and opportunities.  
Growth in China could weaken moderately in 2018.  
Japan’s central bank is likely to maintain its ultra-  
expansive monetary policy in order to drive inflation  
and stimulate the economy.  
Expected consequences for the BMW Group  
Future developments on international automobile  
markets have a direct impact on the BMW Group.  
While competition could intensify in contracting mar-  
kets, new opportunities may appear in growth regions.  
Challenges in the competitive environment will have a  
significant effect on sales volumes in some countries.  
Due to its global business model, the BMW Group is  
well placed at all times to exploit opportunities, even at  
short notice. Coordination between the Group’s sales  
and production networks also enables it to balance  
out the impact of unforeseeable developments in the  
various regions. Investments in markets important for  
the future also form a basis for further growth, while  
simultaneously strengthening the global presence of  
the BMW Group. Thanks to its three premium brands –  
BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce – the BMW Group  
expects to continue performing successfully in 2018.  
Nevertheless, the BMW Group intends to continue  
its strong business performance in 2018. Notable  
contributions are likely to come from new vehicles  
as well as successful established models. At the same  
time, investments in future-oriented projects remain  
high, including continued electrification of vehicles,  
digitalisation and autonomous driving, amongst  
others. The production network will also be further  
expanded during the outlook period. Due to the  
challenges, Group profit before tax is expected to be  
in line with the previous year’s level (2017 adjusted:  
* Adjusted in €ꢀ10,675ꢀ* million).  
accordance with  
IFRS 15.  
Workforce size at year-end: slight increase expected  
The need for qualified staff across the BMW Group  
will remain high in 2018. Above all, projects relating  
to vehicle electrification and autonomous driving,  
growth in the automobile and motorcycle business  
and the expansion of financial and mobility services  
will lead to a slight increase in the workforce, accord-  
ing to current estimates (2017: 129,932 employees).  
9
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Automotive segment  
eBit margin in target range between 8 and 10%  
expected  
An EBIT margin again within a range of 8 to 10%  
Deliveries to customers: slight increase expected  
The BMW Group expects a further year-on-year  
increase in sales of BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce  
brand vehicles and aims to occupy a leading posi-  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
is expected for the Automotive segment (2017  
4
4
Adjusted in adjusted: 9.2ꢀ %).  
Outlook  
accordance with  
IFRS 15.  
tion in the global premium segment again in 2018  
.
Balanced growth in major sales regions will help to  
even out volatilities in individual markets. Assuming  
economic conditions do not deteriorate, deliveries to  
Return on capital employed:  
significant decrease expected  
Segment RoCE is forecast to lie significantly below  
the previous year’s level (2017 adjusted: 77.7ꢀ %).  
The decrease is attributable, among other things, to  
increasing investments in the electrification of the  
vehicle fleet, digitalisation and the expansion and  
renewal of the model portfolio. However, the long-  
term target RoCE of at least 26% for the Automotive  
segment will be significantly surpassed.  
4
customers are forecast to rise slightly to a new high  
1
1
(
2017: 2,463,526ꢀ units).  
Includes the  
joint venture  
BMW Brilliance  
Automotive,  
Important contributions to sustained growth can be  
expected, amongst others, from the new BMW 6 Series  
Gran Turismo, the new BMW X3 (both launched in  
November 2017) and the BMW X2 (available since  
March 2018). The extended-wheelbase version of the  
BMW 5 Series in China will also provide additional  
impetus. The new BMW X4, model revisions of the  
BMW 2 Series Active Tourer and Gran Tourer (includ-  
ing the Active Tourer plug-in hybrid) (BMW 225xe  
iPerformance Active Tourer: fuel consumption in  
ShenyangꢀLtd.ꢀ  
(
2017: 384,124  
units).  
In view of the introduction of IFRS 16 (Leases) as of  
1 January 2019, the future significance of RoCE as a  
performance indicator, as opposed to an operational  
management tool, is under review.  
lꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 2.5  2.3ꢀ/ꢀ/CO emissions in  
2
gꢀ/ꢀkm (combined) 57  
52ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀElectric power consump-  
Motorcycles segment  
tion in kWhꢀ/100 km (combined) 13.7–ꢀ13.4) and the  
BMWi8 Coupé (BMWi8 Coupé: fuel consumption in  
Deliveries to customers: solid increase expected  
The BMW Group expects the positive trend in the  
Motorcycles segment to continue. The renewal of the  
product range in the previous year, and new models  
introduced at the EICMA 2017, such as the F 750 GS,  
lꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 1.9ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀCO2 emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm  
combined) 42ꢀ/ꢀ/ꢀElectric power consumption in  
(
kWhꢀ/ꢀ100 km (combined) 14.0) will go on sale during  
the spring. The launch of the new BMWi8 Roadster  
F 850 GS and K 1600 Grand America, should all have  
(
BMW  
i
8
Roadster: fuel consumption in lꢀ/ꢀ100 km (com-  
a positive impact. Furthermore, the Scooter C 400 X  
expands the product range for urban environments.  
Overall, a solid increase in deliveries of BMW motor-  
cycles to customers is forecast (2017: 164,153 units).  
bined) 2.1ꢀ/ꢀ/CO emissions in gꢀ/ꢀkm (combined) 46ꢀ/ꢀ/  
2
Electric power consumption in kWhꢀ/ꢀ100 km (com-  
bined) 14.5) and the BMW 8 Series Coupé are set  
to follow later in the year. Model revisions of the  
MINI Hatch (  
3
- and  
5
-door) and MINI Convertible  
eBit margin in target range between 8 and 10%  
expected  
The segment EBIT margin in 2018 is expected to  
lie within the target range between 8 and 10 %  
should also boost demand. The eighth generation of  
the Rolls-Royce Phantom has been available since  
January 2018.  
(
2017: 9.1%).  
2
2
EU-28.  
Fleet CO emissionsꢂ : slight decrease expected  
2
The BMW Group is continuing in its efforts to reduce  
Return on capital employed: slight increase  
expected  
both fuel consumption and CO emissions. In addition,  
2
the share of electrified vehicles in total deliveries is  
The Motorcycles segment RoCE is expected to increase  
expected to increase. Accordingly, CO emissions  
slightly year-on-year (2017: 34.0%). The long-term  
2
across the vehicle fleet as a whole are expected to  
decrease slightly during the outlook period, and  
continue the trend seen in previous years (2017:  
target RoCE of 26% for the Motorcycles segment will  
therefore be surpassed.  
1
22 g CO /ꢀkm).  
2
Revenues: slight increase expected  
Automotive segment revenues should benefit from  
growth in deliveries. Accordingly, a slight increase in  
segment revenues is forecast for 2018 (2017 adjusted:  
3
3
Adjusted in  
accordance with  
IFRS 15.  
85,742ꢀ million).  
9
5
Financial Services segment  
Return on equity: slight decrease expected  
should grow slightly based on the forecast of a slight  
increase in deliveries to customers. At the same  
time, fleet carbon dioxide emissions are forecast to  
decrease slightly. The Group’s targets are to be met  
with a slight increase in workforce. The Automotive  
segment’s EBIT margin in 2018 is set to remain within  
The BMW Group expects the Financial Services seg-  
ment to continue its successful performance in 2018. In  
view of increasing regulatory requirements worldwide,  
more equity capital will be required in the segment  
going forward. Accordingly, segment RoE is expected  
the target range of between 8 and 10%, while its RoCE  
to decrease slightly (2017  
:
18  
.
1
%). In this context, with  
is forecast to decrease significantly. A slight decrease  
is also forecast for the RoE in the Financial Services  
segment. However, both performance indicators will  
effect from the 2018 financial year the sustainable  
target return will be changed from its current level of  
at least 18% to a new level of at least 14%.  
be above their long-term targets of 26% (RoCE) and  
1
1
4
% (RoE ) respectively. Deliveries to customers in  
the Motorcycles segment are forecast to show a solid  
increase, with an EBIT margin within the target range  
of between 8 and 10% and RoCE slightly up on the  
previous year.  
Overall assessment by Group management  
Business is expected to show a stable development in  
the financial year 2018, with significant contributions  
from numerous new automobile and motorcycle mod-  
els as well as expansion of individual mobility-related  
services. Group profit before tax is expected to be  
in line with last yearʼs level, due to the challenges  
described above. Automotive segment revenues  
Depending on the political and economic situation  
and the risks and opportunities described below,  
actual business performance could differ from current  
expectations.  
BMW Group key performance indicators  
61  
2
2
017  
2017  
2018  
3
reported  
adjusted  
Outlook  
Group  
in line with last  
Profitꢀbeforeꢀtax  
€ꢀmillion  
10,655  
10,675  
year’sꢀlevel  
Workforceꢀatꢀyear-end  
129,932  
129,932  
slight increase  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveries to customers4  
Fleet emissions5  
units  
2,463,526  
122  
2,463,526  
122  
slight increase  
slight decrease  
slight increase  
2
g CO / km  
Revenues  
€ꢀmillion  
88,581  
8.9  
85,742  
9.2  
EBIT margin  
%
%
between 8 and 10  
Returnꢀonꢀcapitalꢀemployed  
78.6  
77.7 significantꢀdecrease  
motorcycles seGment  
Deliveries to customers  
EBIT margin  
units  
%
164,153  
9.1  
164,153  
solid increase  
between 8 and 10  
slight increase  
9.1  
Returnꢀonꢀcapitalꢀemployed  
%
34.0  
34.0  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
Returnꢀonꢀequity  
%
18.1  
18.1  
slight decrease  
1
Adjustedꢀwithꢀeffectꢀfromꢀtheꢀfinancialꢀyearꢀ2018.  
Adjusted in accordance with IFRS 15.  
Based on adjusted outlook.  
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀ Sꢀ henyangꢀ(2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits).  
2
3
4
5
EU-28.  
9
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
RISKS AND  
OPPORTUNITIES  
As part of the risk management process, all individual  
and cumulative risks that represent a threat to the  
success of the business are monitored and managed.  
Any risks capable of posing a threat to the going-  
concern status of the BMW Group are generally  
avoided. Where no specific reference is made, oppor-  
tunities and risks relate to the Automotive segment.  
The scope of entities consolidated in the Report on  
Risks and Opportunities corresponds to the scope of  
consolidated entities in the BMW Group Financial  
Statements.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
As a worldwide-leading provider of premium cars,  
motorcycles and mobility services, as well as related  
financial services, the BMW Group is exposed to  
numerous uncertainties and change. Making full  
use of the opportunities arising out of change is a  
fundamental basis of the Groupʼs corporate success.  
In order to achieve growth, profitability, efficiency  
and continued sustainable activities going forward,  
the BMW Group must consciously assume risk.  
Risk management system  
The objective of the risk management system, and the  
main function of risk reporting, is to identify, record  
and actively manage internal or external risks that  
could threaten the attainment of the Groupʼs corpo-  
rate targets. The risk management system covers all  
significant and existential risks to the Group. Group  
risk management focuses on the criteria of effective-  
ness, practicability and completeness. Responsibility  
for risk reporting is not allocated to a central function,  
but is part of the task of each employee and manager,  
according to their individual function. According to  
Group-wide rules, every employee and manager has  
a duty to report risks through the relevant reporting  
channels.  
Management of opportunities and risks is essential for  
the Group to react appropriately to changes in political,  
economic, technical or legal conditions. Opportunities  
and risks which are likely to materialise are taken into  
account in the Outlook Report. The following sections  
focus on potential future developments or events,  
which could result in a positive (opportunity) or a  
negative deviation (risk) from the BMW Groupʼs out-  
look. The earnings impact of risks and opportunities is  
assessed separately without offsetting. Opportunities  
and risks are assessed with respect to a medium-term  
period of two years.  
Risk management in the BMW Group  
62  
Group-wide  
risk management  
Analysisꢀandꢀ  
Measurement  
Identification  
Effectiveness  
Supervisory  
Board  
Risk  
Compliance  
Committee  
Practicability  
Management  
Steering  
Committee  
Reporting /  
Monitoring  
Controlling  
Board of  
Management  
Completeness  
Group  
Audit  
Measures  
Internal Control System  
9
7
Group risk management is organised formally as a  
decentralised, company-wide network and is steered  
by a centralised risk management function. Every  
BMW Group division is represented within the risk  
management organisation by Network Represen-  
tatives. This formal structure reinforces the networkʼs  
visibility and underlines the importance of risk  
management within the BMW Group. Roles, respon-  
sibilities and tasks of the central risk management  
function and the Network Representatives are clearly  
described, documented and understood. In view of  
the dynamic growth of business and the increasingly  
volatile environment, the BMW Group regularly  
reviews its risk management system for effectiveness  
and appropriateness.  
In addition to comprehensive risk management,  
sustainable business practice constitutes one of the  
core strategic principles of the company. Risks or  
opportunities relating to sustainability issues are  
considered by the Sustainability Committee. Result-  
ing strategic options and measures are put forward  
to the Sustainability Board, which comprises the  
entire Board of Management. Where necessary, risk  
aspects may be integrated within the Group-wide risk  
network. The composition of the Risk Management  
Steering Committee and the Sustainability Committee  
ensures that risk and sustainability management are  
closely coordinated.  
In order to comply with the CSR Directive Imple-  
mentation Act, a review of risks with impact on  
the non-financial aspects referred to in the law was  
conducted as part of the reporting process for the  
Groupʼs Non-Financial Declaration. Significant risks  
within the meaning of the law are those relating  
to business activities, business relationships and  
products and services of the BMW Group which are  
highly likely to have a serious adverse impact. No  
significant risks were identified during the review.  
The Groupʼs Non-Financial Declaration is provided in  
the Sustainable Value Report 2017, which is available  
Risk management as a whole comprises the Risk  
Management Steering Committee, the Compliance  
Committee, the Internal Control System and Group  
Internal Audit.  
Risk management process  
The risk management process covers the entire Group  
and comprises early identification of risks, detailed  
analysis and risk assessment, the coordinated use of  
relevant management tools as well as monitoring and  
evaluation of measures taken.  
on the internet at  
https://www.bmwgroup.com/svr.  
In the Financial Services segment risk management  
also addresses regulatory requirements, such as Basel  
III. Internal methods to identify, measure, manage and  
monitor risks within the Financial Services segment  
comply with national and international standards. The  
risk strategy, in combination with a set of strategic  
principles and guidelines, serves as the basis for risk  
management in the Financial Services business. The  
risk management process is ensured organisationally  
through a clear division between front- and back-office  
activities and a comprehensive internal control system.  
The main instrument of risk management within the  
Financial Services segment is ensuring the Groupʼs  
risk-bearing capacity. At all times, risks in the sense of  
unexpected losses must be covered. This is achieved by  
means of an asset cushion in the form of equity capital  
derived from the entityʼs risk appetite. Unexpected  
losses are measured according to various value-at-risk  
models, which are validated at regular intervals. Risks  
are aggregated after taking account of correlation  
effects. In addition to assessing the Groupʼs ability to  
bear risk under normal circumstances, stress scenarios  
are also examined. The segmentʼs risk-bearing capacity  
is regularly controlled through an integrated limit  
system for the various risk categories.  
Significant risks reported from within the network are  
firstly presented for review to the Risk Management  
Steering Committee, chaired by Group Controlling.  
After review, the risks are reported to the Board of  
Management and the Supervisory Board. Risks are  
classified according to the magnitude of impact on  
the Groupʼs results of operations, financial position  
and net assets. The magnitude of risk is measured in  
each case after risk mitigation measures and according  
to the probability of occurrence.  
The risk management system is regularly examined by  
Group Internal Audit. Regular monitoring of external  
practice ensures that new insights are incorporated  
in the risk management system of the BMW Group,  
thus providing for continual improvement. Training  
sessions, development programmes and information  
events are regularly conducted across the BMW Group,  
particularly within the risk management network.  
These measures are essential ways of preparing those  
involved in the process for new or additional demands.  
9
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Risk measurement  
Opportunity management system and  
opportunity identification  
Risks are classified as high, medium or low, based on  
their significance with respect to results of operations,  
financial position and net assets and to performance  
indicators of the BMW Group. The impact of risks  
is measured and reported net of risk mitigation  
measures (net basis).  
A dynamic market environment also gives rise to  
opportunities. The BMW Group continually monitors  
macroeconomic trends as well as developments within  
the sector and overall environment. This includes  
external regulations, suppliers, customers and com-  
petitors. Identifying opportunities is an integral part of  
the strategic planning process of the BMW Group. The  
Groupʼs product and service portfolio is continually  
reviewed on the basis of these analyses. This results,  
for example, in new product projects being presented  
to the Board of Management for consideration.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
The overall impact of a riskʼs occurrence on the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets for the  
two-year assessment period is classified as follows:  
Class  
Earnings impact  
The continuous optimisation of major business  
processes and strict cost controls are essential for  
ensuring strong profitability and return on capital  
employed. Probable measures to increase profitability  
are incorporated in the outlook. The implementation  
of modular and common architectures, for instance,  
allows identical components to be deployed increas-  
ingly across models and product lines. This reduces  
development costs and investment on the series devel-  
opment of new vehicles and contributes positively to  
profitability. In addition, it also supports economies  
of scale in production costs and increases production  
flexibility. Moreover, a more competitive cost basis  
opens up opportunities to enter new market segments.  
Low  
>ꢀ€0ꢀ–ꢀ500ꢀmillion  
>ꢀ€500ꢀ–ꢀ2,000ꢀmillion  
>ꢀ€2,000ꢀmillion  
Medium  
High  
In the following sections, earnings impact is used  
consistently to cover the overall impact on results of  
operations, financial position and net assets.  
The risk amount is the basis for the classification of  
risk levels at the BMW Group. The measurement of  
risk amount takes account of both earnings impact  
(
net of appropriate countermeasures) and the proba-  
bility of occurrence. In the case of risks measured on  
the basis of value at risk and cash flow at risk models,  
the risk amount is determined through approximation.  
These approximations flow into the classification of  
risk levels.  
The implementation of identified opportunities is  
undertaken on a decentralised basis within the rele-  
vant functions. The significance of opportunities for  
the BMW Group is classified on a qualitative basis in  
the categories “significant” and “insignificant”.  
Overall, the following criteria apply for the purposes  
of classifying the risk amount:  
Class  
Risk amount  
Low  
>ꢀ€ ꢀ0 ꢀ–ꢀ50ꢀmillion  
>ꢀ€ ꢀ5 0ꢀ–ꢀ400ꢀmillion  
>ꢀ€ ꢀ4 00ꢀmillion  
Medium  
High  
9
9
Risks and opportunities  
Risks and opportunities which could, from todayʼs  
perspective, have a significant impact on the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets of the  
BMW Group are described below.  
The following table provides an overview of all risks  
and opportunities and indicates their significance for  
the BMW Group.  
Overall, no risks which could threaten the continued  
existence of the BMW Group were identified either  
at the balance sheet date or at the date on which the  
Group Financial Statements were drawn up.  
Risks Change compared  
Opportunities Change compared  
classification  
to prior year  
classification  
to prior year  
risks And opportunities  
Macroeconomic risks and opportunities  
Strategic and sector risks and opportunities  
Changesꢀinꢀlegislationꢀandꢀregulatoryꢀrequirements  
Market developments  
High  
Stable  
Insignificant  
Stable  
High  
High  
Increased  
Stable  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Stable  
Stable  
Risks and opportunities relating to operations  
Productionꢀandꢀtechnology  
Purchasing  
Medium  
High  
Decreased  
Increased  
Stable  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Sales and marketing  
Low  
Information, data protection and IT  
Financial risks and opportunities  
Foreign currencies  
High  
Stable  
Medium  
Low  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Significant  
Significant  
Stable  
Stable  
Raw materials  
Liquidity  
Low  
Pension obligations  
Medium  
Significant  
Stable  
Risks and opportunities relating to the provision of financial services  
Credit risk  
Medium  
Medium  
Low  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Significant  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Residual value  
Significant  
Interest rate changes  
Significant  
Operational risks  
Low  
Legal risks  
Medium  
1
00  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Macroeconomic risks and opportunities  
The planned Brexit could have a long-term adverse  
impact on the BMW Group, particularly as a result of  
increased trade barriers in the form of customs duties  
in relation to the European single market. Any such  
trade barriers could have a negative impact on volumes  
and costs both for vehicles and components produced  
in the EU for the UK as well as those produced in  
the UK for the European market. In extreme cases,  
this could lead to interruptions in production due  
to the processing of customs formalities. In addition,  
Brexit could lead to reduced customer spending in the  
wake of weaker economic performance, particularly  
in the UK. In the short and medium term, uncertainty  
regarding the outcome of the negotiations with the  
EU could exacerbate these factors and cause further  
negative currency effects. A possible further economic  
downturn within the EU could also potentially reduce  
growth prospects for the BMW Group. European inte-  
gration with a unified economic and currency area is  
an important pillar of economic stability in Europe.  
Economic conditions influence business performance  
and hence the results of operations, financial position  
and net assets of the BMW Group. Unforeseen dis-  
ruptions in global economic relations can have highly  
unpredictable effects. Macroeconomic risks can lead  
to reduced purchasing power in the countries and  
regions affected and lead to reduced demand for the  
products and services offered by the BMW Group.  
Macroeconomic risks could – due to sales volume  
fluctuations – have a high earnings impact over the  
two-year assessment period. Overall, the risk amounts  
attached to macroeconomic risks are classified as high.  
Macroeconomic risks are evaluated on the basis of  
historical data and by means of a cash-flow-at-risk  
approach, supplemented by scenario analyses.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
In view of the political events of recent years, global  
economic developments continue to be subject to a  
high degree of uncertainty, in particular with respect  
to potential barriers to global trade. For example, a  
reorientation of the USAʼs economic policy, the  
planned exit of the UK from the EU and possible elec-  
tion wins for anti-globalisation parties in EU countries  
could result in higher tariff and non-tariff barriers to  
trade in the coming years.  
The ongoing transition in China from an invest-  
ment-driven to a consumer-driven economy is  
associated with slower growth rates and potentially  
greater instability on financial markets. If the Chinese  
economy were to grow at a significantly slower pace  
than expected, the consequence would be not only  
a decline in automobile sales, but also, potentially,  
lower demand for raw materials, which would have a  
negative impact above all on emerging economies such  
as Brazil, Russia or South Africa. Any further drop in  
raw material prices could result for the BMW Group  
in lower demand from these countries. Turmoil on  
the Chinese property, stock and banking markets  
and an overly rapid increase in interest rates by the  
US Federal Reserve could pose considerable risks for  
global financial market stability.  
A possible introduction of trade barriers, including  
anti-dumping customs duties, by the US adminis-  
tration could have an adverse impact on the  
BMW Groupʼs operations through less favourable  
conditions for importing vehicles. Moreover, counter-  
measures by the USAʼs trading partners could slow  
down global economic growth and have an adverse  
impact on the export of vehicles produced in the USA  
.
The BMW Groupʼs “production follows the market”  
strategy involves local production both in the USA  
and with other important trade partners. Regional  
production reduces the existing risk of trade barriers.  
Nevertheless, any increase in trade barriers would  
have an adverse impact on the BMW Group.  
Furthermore, increasing political unrest, military  
conflicts, terrorist activities, natural disasters or  
pandemics could have a lasting negative impact on  
the global economy and international capital markets.  
1
01  
The BMW Group addresses macroeconomic risks pri-  
marily by internationalising its sales and production  
structures, in order to minimise the extent to which  
earnings depend on risks in individual countries  
and regions. Flexible sales and production processes  
within the BMW Group increase the ability to react  
quickly to regional economic developments.  
Strategic and sector risks and opportunities  
Changes in legislation and regulatory requirements  
The sudden introduction of more stringent legislation  
and regulations, particularly with regard to emissions,  
safety and consumer protection and regional vehicle-  
related purchase and usage taxes, represents a signif-  
icant risk for the automobile industry. Country- and  
sector-specific trade barriers can also change at short  
notice. A sudden tightening of regulations in any of  
these areas can necessitate significantly higher invest-  
ments and ongoing expenses or influence customer  
behaviour. Risks from changes in legislation and  
regulatory requirements could have a medium impact  
on earnings over the two-year assessment period. The  
risk amount attached to these risks is classified as  
high. In particular, risks arising from the tightening  
of emission laws have resulted in the assessment of  
the risk level being raised.  
Should the global economy develop significantly better  
than presented in the outlook, macroeconomic oppor-  
tunities could arise for the BMW Groupʼs revenues  
and earnings. Significantly stronger GDP growth in  
China, consumer-oriented reforms within the euro-  
zone, a cancellation of Brexit plans and intensified  
trade relations between the EU and the UK, growth  
stimulus through the tax reform in the USA or more  
robust consumer spending in emerging markets due to  
rising raw material prices could result in significantly  
stronger sales volume growth, reduced competitive  
pressures and corresponding improvement in pricing.  
Macroeconomic opportunities that could generate a  
sustainable impact on earnings are currently classified  
by the BMW Group as insignificant.  
At present, the BMW Group sees increasingly restric-  
tive vehicle emissions regulations, particularly for  
conventional drivetrain systems, not only in the devel-  
oped markets of Europe and North America, but also  
in growth markets such as China. The introduction of  
new measurement procedures to represent standard  
driving cycles, combined with significantly lower  
emissions thresholds, represents a major challenge  
for the automotive sector. The BMW Group is address-  
ing this risk with its Efficient Dynamics concept and  
is playing a pioneering role in reducing both fuel  
consumption and emissions within the premium  
segment. The product range has been increasingly  
expanded with electric drivetrain systems in BMWi  
vehicles since 2013 and plug-in-hybrid technologies in  
a growing number of series models since 2015. These  
technologies have contributed to fulfilment of legal  
requirements with regard to CO emissions.  
2
Further risks can result from the tightening of existing  
import and export regulations. These lead primarily  
to additional expenses, but can also restrict imports  
and exports of vehicles or parts.  
1
02  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
An established regulatory framework for innovative  
mobility solutions as well as government incentives  
are important prerequisites for introducing product  
innovations, such as autonomous driving, and for  
scaling up the range of electric mobility offerings. For  
BMWi and iPerformance vehicles with alternative  
drivetrain systems a faster expansion of charging  
infrastructure could increase acceptance and help  
boost sales of planned or recently introduced prod-  
uct innovations compared to forecast. This includes  
Local restrictions affecting product usage in specific  
sectors may limit BMW Group sales in individual mar-  
kets. In some urban areas, for instance, local measures  
have been, or are being, introduced, including entry  
restrictions, congestion charges or, in some situations,  
highly restrictive registration rules. These may affect  
local demand for the BMW Group vehicles affected  
and hence have a negative impact on sales, margins  
and, possibly, the residual value of these vehicles. The  
BMW Group addresses this risk by offering locally  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
implementation of the 360  
the field of electric mobility and collaboration with  
Toyota on hydrogen fuel cell technology.  
°
ELECTRIC portfolio in  
emissions-free vehicles, such as the BMWi3, which  
benefit from state subsidies and exemptions.  
New opportunities are continuously being sought to  
create even greater added value for customers than  
currently expected, and thereby to realise significant  
opportunities with respect to sales growth and pricing.  
Further development of the product and mobility port-  
folio and expansion in growth regions offer the most  
important medium- to long-term growth opportunities  
for the BMW Group. Continued growth depends above  
all on the ability to develop innovative products and  
bring them to market. The range of services on offer  
was further expanded in 2017, particularly in the area  
of electric mobility. ChargeNow customers have access  
The BMW Groupʼs earnings could also be positively  
affected in the short to medium term by changes in  
trading policies. A possible reduction in tariff barriers,  
import restrictions or direct excise duties could lower  
the cost of materials for the BMW Group, and enable  
products and services to be offered to customers at  
lower prices. Further opportunities for the earnings  
performance of the BMW Group from changes in  
legislation and regulatory requirements compared  
to the outlook are classified as insignificant.  
Market development  
to more than 130,000 charging points in 29 countries.  
In addition to the economic factors and sector-specific  
political conditions, increasingly fierce competition  
among established manufacturers and the emergence  
of new competitors could also have effects which are  
difficult to predict. Unforeseen consumer preferences  
and changes in brand perceptions can give rise to  
opportunities and risks. If market risks were to mate-  
rialise, they could have a high earnings impact over  
the two-year assessment period. The risk amount is  
classified as high.  
A new digital business field was created under the  
name BMW Energy Services. The BMW Group expects  
these opportunities to have no significant earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period compared  
to the assumptions made in the outlook.  
Intense competition, particularly in Western Europe,  
the USA, China, Japan and Korea is a potential cause  
for lower demand and for fluctuations in the regional  
distribution and composition of demand for BMW  
,
MINI and Rolls-Royce brand vehicles and for mobility  
services. Greater competition could put pressure on  
selling prices and margins. Changes in customer  
behaviour can also be brought about by changes in  
attitudes, values, environmental factors and fuel or  
energy prices. For example, the ongoing political and  
public discussion on diesel engines could adversely  
affect demand for diesel vehicles. At the same time,  
however, this could lead to increased demand for vehi-  
cles with petrol engines or alternative drivetrains. In  
order to determine price and margin risks, a scenario  
approach is used. The BMW Groupʼs flexible sales and  
production processes enable risks to be reduced and  
newly arising opportunities in market and product  
segments to be taken.  
1
03  
Risks and opportunities relating to operations  
Risks and opportunities relating to production  
and technologies  
The BMW Group sees opportunities in production  
processes and technology fields primarily through  
the competitive edge gained from mastering new and  
complex technologies. Opportunities could arise as a  
result of further technological innovations related to  
products or processes, as well as from organisational  
changes which improve efficiency or increase com-  
petitiveness. For example, the BMW Group has been  
using since 2017 a fully automated quality control  
system in the paint shop newly opened in 2017 at the  
BMW Group plant in Munich. The data obtained pro-  
vides valuable feedback on the precision of upstream  
painting processes. These can be continuously opti-  
mised, potential sources of error promptly identified  
and rework avoided. Given the long lead times in  
developing new products and processes, additional  
opportunities within the reporting period are con-  
sidered insignificant for the results of operations of  
the BMW Group.  
Risks relating to production processes and technology  
fields are particularly apparent in potential sources  
of interruptions in production or additional costs to  
comply with quality standards under changed market  
conditions. If risks arising from production processes  
and technologies were to materialise, they could have  
a high earnings impact over the two-year assessment  
period. The corresponding risk amounts are classified  
as medium. By dealing with risk issues at the planning  
stage and taking appropriate measures, the risk has  
been reduced.  
Production stoppages and downtimes due to fire,  
machine and tooling breakdowns, IT disruptions,  
damage to infrastructure, power failures, transporta-  
tion and logistical disruptions represent risks which  
the BMW Group addresses through appropriate pre-  
cautions. Production structures and processes are  
designed from the outset with measures to minimise  
potential damage and the probability of occurrence.  
Measures taken include technical fire protection,  
land development with regard to flooding risks when  
facilities are expanded or new buildings added, inter-  
changeability of production facilities, preventative  
maintenance, management of spare parts across sites,  
and predictive planning of transportation alterna-  
tives. Risk is also reduced through flexible working  
hour models and working time accounts as well as  
the ability to build individual split models or engine  
types at other sites within the production network.  
As a result, backlogs arising from production inter-  
ruptions can be quickly recovered. Risks arising from  
interruptions and production downtime due to fire are  
also appropriately covered with insurance companies  
of good credit standing.  
Risks and opportunities relating to purchasing  
Purchasing risks relate primarily to supply risks caused  
by the failure of a supplier as well as risks associated  
with the quality of bought-in parts. Production prob-  
lems incurred by suppliers could lead to increased  
expenditure for the BMW Group through to interrup-  
tions in production and a corresponding reduction  
in sales. The increasing complexity of the supplier  
network, especially at the level of lower tier suppliers,  
whose operations can only be indirectly influenced  
by the BMW Group, is a further potential cause of  
downtimes at supplier locations. The increased threat  
of IT attacks on the supplier network in particular  
has resulted in a more critical assessment of the  
risk situation. If purchasing risks materialised, they  
could have a high earnings impact over the two-year  
period. The risk amount attached to purchasing risks  
is classified as high.  
In order to meet high standards in product quality and  
achieve favourable external ratings (e.ꢀg. for product  
safety), reduce statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations and keep down follow-up costs arising  
from other changes in planning assumptions, it may  
be necessary to incur a higher level of expenditure  
than originally forecast. In addition, availability of  
products may be limited, particularly at the start of  
production of new vehicles. These risks are mitigated  
through regular audits and the continual improve-  
ment of quality management, which ensures the high  
standard of quality. The BMW Group also recognises  
appropriate accounting provisions for statutory and  
non-statutory warranty obligations. These reduce  
the risk to earnings, as they are already taken into  
account in the outlook. Further information on risks  
related to provisions for statutory and non-statutory  
warranty obligations is provided in note 31 of the  
Group Financial Statements.  
see  
note 31  
1
04  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Close cooperation between carmakers and suppliers  
in the development and production of vehicles and  
the provision of services generates economic benefits,  
but also increased dependency. Potential reasons for  
the failure of individual suppliers include in particular  
increased IT-related risk, non-compliance with sus-  
tainability or quality standards, insufficient financial  
strength of a supplier, the occurrence of natural haz-  
ards, fires and insufficient supply of raw materials. As  
part of supplier pre-selection, the BMW Group checks  
for compliance with the sustainability standards  
for the supplier network. This includes compliance  
with internationally recognised human rights and  
applicable labour and social standards. The principal  
means for ensuring compliance with the Sustainability  
Standard is a three-stage risk management system for  
sustainability. In addition, the technical and financial  
capabilities of suppliers are monitored, especially  
where modular-based production is concerned.  
Supplier sites are assessed for exposure to natural  
hazards, such as floods or earthquakes, in order to  
identify supply risks at an early stage and implement  
appropriate precautions. Fire risks at series suppliers  
are evaluated by means of questionnaires and selective  
site inspections. In order to minimise supply risks, the  
BMW Group draws up measures to reduce the use of  
raw materials or to substitute alternative raw materials.  
At regular intervals, the BMW Group honours its  
most inventive suppliers with the Supplier Innovation  
Award. The BMW Group expects these opportuni-  
ties to have no significant earnings impact over the  
assessment period as compared to the assumptions  
made in the outlook.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and opportunities relating to  
sales and marketing  
In order to sell its products and services, the  
BMW Group employs a global sales network, com-  
prising primarily independent dealerships, branches,  
subsidiaries and importers. Any threat to the contin-  
ued activities of parts of the sales network would entail  
risks for the BMW Group. The occurrence of sales  
and marketing risks is associated with a low earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. The risk  
amount is classified as low.  
New developments in the field of digital communi-  
cation and connectivity in particular offer new oppor-  
tunities for the BMW Groupʼs brands. BMW CarData  
has made it possible since 2017 to provide customised  
service offers to BMW drivers based on data from the  
vehicle. If customers wish to use a specific service  
and actively consent to the release of their telematics  
data, requesting companies receive the data they need  
for the service in encrypted form via BMWʼs secure  
backend database. This information provides the basis  
for customised, data-driven and innovative service  
solutions. Additional opportunities could arise if new  
sales channels contribute to greater brand reach to  
customer groups than currently envisaged in the  
outlook. Digital communication and connectivity  
enables consumers to be reached on a more targeted  
and individualised basis, thus strengthening long-  
term relationships and brand loyalty. This can lead  
to a more intense product and brand experience for  
customers, which could lead to higher sales volume  
and have a positive impact on revenues and earn-  
ings. The BMW Group invests in advanced marketing  
concepts in order to intensify customer relationships.  
The BMW Group estimates the earnings impact as  
insignificant over the two-year assessment period as  
compared to the assumptions made in the outlook.  
The BMW Group pays particular attention to the qual-  
ity of parts built into its vehicles. In order to attain a  
very high level of quality, it may become necessary to  
invest in new technological concepts or discontinue  
planned innovations, with the result that the cost of  
materials could exceed levels accounted for in the  
outlook. By monitoring and developing global sup-  
plier markets, the BMW Group continuously strives  
to optimise its competitiveness by working together  
with the worldʼs best product and service providers.  
Within the Purchasing and Supplier Network,  
opportunities arise above all in the area of global  
sourcing through increased efficiency and the use  
of innovations developed by suppliers, which can  
lead to a broader range of products. Making full  
use of location-specific cost factors, in particular  
through local supplier structures in close proximity  
to new and existing BMW Group production plants  
and the introduction of new, innovative production  
technologies, could lead to lower cost of materials for  
the BMW Group. The new supply centre opened in  
Landshut in 2017 represents a further step in ensuring  
efficient and flexible logistics processes. Integration of  
previously unidentified innovations from the supplier  
market in the Groupʼs product range could provide  
a further source of opportunities. The BMW Group  
offers innovative suppliers numerous possibilities for  
creating specific contractual arrangements which are  
attractive for those developing innovative solutions.  
1
05  
Information, data protection and it  
security and data protection and the use of informa-  
tion technology. Information pertaining to key areas of  
expertise as well as sensitive personal data are subject  
to particularly stringent security measures. Technical  
data protection incorporates industry-wide standards  
and good practices. Responsibility for information  
security and data protection lies for each Group entity  
with the Board of Management or relevant manage-  
ment team.  
Increasing digitalisation across all areas of business  
places considerable demands on the confidentiality,  
integrity and availability of electronically processed  
data and the associated use of information technology  
(
IT). In addition to the increased threat of cybercrime,  
regulations covering the handling of personal data are  
becoming more stringent, for example as a result of  
the EU General Data Protection Regulation. If risks  
relating to information security, data protection and  
IT were to materialise, they could have a high earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. Despite  
extensive security measures, the risks in this area are  
classified as high.  
With the advance of digitalisation, the BMW Group  
is improving the customer experience and its existing  
lines of business. At the same time, new digital busi-  
ness segments are emerging, which are mainly focused  
on information technology. The development and  
provision of digital services for customers, increased  
vehicle connectivity and autonomous driving solu-  
tions are opening up new opportunities. Through  
BMW ConnectedDrive and BMW CarData the range of  
services and apps on offer to customers is constantly  
being expanded and updated. The BMW Group  
expects these opportunities to have no significant  
earnings impact over the assessment period compared  
to the assumptions made in the outlook.  
In addition to cyber attacks and direct physical  
intervention, lack of awareness or misconduct on  
the part of employees may also represent a danger  
to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of  
information, data and systems. Direct consequences  
include expenditure required for rapid information,  
data and systems recovery. Negative impacts on oper-  
ational performance due to the non-availability of  
products and services or disruptions in the production  
of components or vehicles are also possible. A further  
indirect result could be reputational damage.  
Great importance is attached to the protection of the  
confidentiality, integrity and availability of business  
information as well as employee and customer data,  
for instance against unauthorised access or misuse.  
Data security is an integral component of business  
processes and is aligned with the International  
Standard ISOꢀ/ꢀIEC 27001. As part of risk management,  
information security, data protection and IT risks are  
systematically documented, allocated appropriate  
measures by the departments concerned and contin-  
uously monitored with regard to threat level and risk  
mitigation. Regular analyses and controls as well as  
rigorous security management ensure an appropriate  
level of security. Despite continuous testing and  
preventative security measures, it is impossible to  
eliminate risks completely in this area. All employees  
are required to treat with care information such as  
confidential business, customer and employee data,  
to use information systems securely and handle  
risks with transparency. Group-wide requirements  
are documented in a comprehensive set of principles,  
guidelines and instructions, such as, for example, the  
Privacy Corporate Rules for handling personal data.  
Regular communication and awareness-raising meas-  
ures create a high level of security and risk awareness  
among those involved. Employees receive training  
to ensure compliance with the legal requirements  
and internal rules. With regard to cooperations and  
business partnerships, the BMW Group protects its  
intellectual property as well as customer and employ-  
ee data through clear instructions on information  
1
06  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Financial risks and risks relating to the use of  
financial instruments  
Currency risks and opportunities  
As an internationally operating enterprise, the  
BMW Group conducts business in a variety of cur-  
rencies, thus giving rise to currency risks and oppor-  
tunities. A substantial portion of Group revenues,  
purchasing and funding occur outside the eurozone  
Changes in commodity prices are monitored on the  
basis of a well-defined management process. The  
principal objective is to increase planning reliability  
for the BMW Group. Price fluctuations for precious  
metals (platinum, palladium, rhodium), non-ferrous  
metals (aluminium, copper, lead, nickel) and, to some  
extent, for steel and steel ingredients (iron ore, coking  
coal) and energy (gas, electricity) are hedged using  
financial derivatives or supply contracts with fixed  
pricing arrangements.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
(
particularly in China and the USA). Cash-flow-at-risk  
models and scenario analyses are used to measure cur-  
rency risks and opportunities. If currency risks were  
to materialise, they could be associated with a high  
earnings impact over the two-year assessment period.  
The risk level attached to currency risks is medium.  
Significant opportunities can arise if currency devel-  
opments are favourable for the BMW Group.  
ꢀiquidity risks  
The major part of the Financial Services segmentʼs  
credit financing and leasing business is refinanced  
on capital markets. Liquidity risks may arise in the  
form of rising refinancing costs or from restricted  
access to funds as a consequence of the general market  
situation or the failure of individual banks. If liquidity  
risks were to materialise, they would be likely to have  
a low earnings impact over the two-year assessment  
period. The risk amount associated with liquidity risk,  
including the risk of the BMW Groupʼs credit rating  
being downgraded, which would lead to an increase  
in financing costs, is classified as low.  
Operational currency management is based on the  
results of currency risk analyses. The BMW Group  
manages currency risks at both strategic (medium  
and long term) and operational level (short and  
medium term). Medium- and long-term measures  
include increasing production volumes and purchase  
volumes in foreign currency regions (natural hedging).  
Currency risks are managed in the short to medi-  
um term and for operational purposes by means of  
hedging on financial markets. The principal objective  
of this currency management process is to increase  
planning reliability for the BMW Group. Hedging  
transactions are entered into only with financial  
partners of good credit standing. Opportunities are  
also secured through the use of options during specific  
market phases.  
Based on the experience of the financial crisis, a  
minimum liquidity concept has been developed and  
is rigorously adhered to. Use of the “matched funding  
principle” to finance the Financial Services segmentʼs  
operations eliminates liquidity risks to a large extent.  
Solvency is assured at all times throughout the  
BMW Group by maintaining a liquidity reserve and  
by the broad diversification of refinancing sources.  
Regular measurement and monitoring ensure that  
cash inflows and outflows for the various maturities  
and currencies offset each other. This approach is  
incorporated in the BMW Groupʼs target liquidity  
concept. The liquidity position is monitored contin-  
uously and managed through Group-wide planning  
of financial requirements and funding. A diversified  
refinancing strategy reduces dependency on any spe-  
cific type of instrument. Moreover, the BMW Groupʼs  
solid financial and earnings position results in high  
credit ratings from internationally recognised rating  
agencies. A description of the methods applied for  
risk measurement and hedging in conjunction with  
see currency and commodity risks is provided in note 37  
Risks and opportunities relating to raw materials  
As a large-scale manufacturing company, the  
BMW Group is exposed to purchase price risks, par-  
ticularly in relation to raw materials used in vehicle  
production. The analysis of raw material price risk  
is based on planned purchases of raw materials and  
components containing those raw materials. If risks  
relating to raw material prices were to materialise, they  
would likely have a low earnings impact over the two-  
year assessment period. A low risk level is attached  
to these risks. Significant opportunities could arise  
if raw material prices developed favourably for the  
BMW Group.  
note 37  
of the Group Financial Statements. If the relevant  
recognition criteria are fulfilled, derivatives used by  
the BMW Group as hedges are generally accounted for  
as hedging relationships. Further information on risks  
in conjunction with financial instruments is provided  
see in note 37 of the Group Financial Statements.  
note 37  
1
07  
Risks and opportunities relating to  
Risks and opportunities relating to  
pension obligations  
the Financial Services segment  
Pension obligations are influenced in particular by  
fluctuations of market yields on corporate bonds, as  
well as by other economic and demographic para-  
meters. Opportunities and risks arise depending  
on changes in these parameters. If risks relating to  
pension obligations materialised, they could have a  
high earnings impact over the two-year assessment  
period. The risk amounts relating to pension obliga-  
tions are classified as medium. Within a favourable  
capital market environment, the return generated by  
growth-oriented pension assets may exceed expecta-  
tions and reduce the deficit of the relevant pension  
plans. This could have a significantly favourable  
impact on the net asset position of the BMW Group.  
The categories of risk relating to financial services  
comprise credit and counterparty risk, residual value  
risk, interest rate risk, operational risks and liquidity  
risk. Evaluation of liquidity risk for the Financial  
Services segment is included in the liquidity risk  
category for the Group as a whole.  
The segmentʼs total risk exposure was covered at all  
times during the 2017 financial year by the available  
risk-covering assets. As a result, the Financial Services  
segmentʼs risk-bearing capacity was assured at all  
times.  
Credit and counterparty risks and opportunities  
relating to the Financial Services segment  
Future pension payments are discounted on the basis  
of market yields on high-quality corporate bonds.  
These yields are subject to market fluctuation and  
therefore influence the level of pension obligations.  
Changes in other parameters, such as rises in infla-  
tion and longer life expectancy, also impact pension  
obligations and payments. The BMW Groupʼs pension  
obligations are mainly held in external pension funds  
or trust arrangements with the related assets legally  
separated from those of the Group. The amount of  
funds required to finance pension payments out  
of operations in the future is substantially reduced  
by the fact that the Groupʼs pension obligations  
are mainly settled out of pension fund assets. The  
pension assets of the BMW Group comprise interest-  
bearing securities, equities, real estate and other  
investment classes. Assets held by pension funds and  
trust arrangements are monitored continuously and  
managed on a risk-and-return basis. Diversification  
of investments also helps to mitigate risk. In order  
to reduce fluctuations in pension funding shortfalls,  
investments are structured to match the timing of  
pension payments and the expected development of  
pension obligations. Remeasurements on the liability  
and fund asset sides are recognised net of deferred  
taxes in other comprehensive income and hence  
directly in equity (within revenue reserves).  
Credit and counterparty default risk arises within the  
Financial Services segment if a contractual partner  
(e.ꢀg. a customer or dealer) either becomes unable or  
only partially able to fulfil its contractual obligations,  
so that lower income is generated or losses incurred.  
If credit and counterparty risks were to materialise,  
they could have a medium earnings impact over  
the two-year assessment period. The risk amount  
is classified as medium. The BMW Group classifies  
potential opportunities in this area as significant.  
As part of its credit and counterparty risk manage-  
ment, the Financial Services segment uses rating  
systems in order to assess the creditworthiness of  
its contractual partners. Credit risks are managed at  
the time of the initial credit decision on the basis of a  
calculation of the present value of standard risk costs  
and subsequently, during the term of the credit, by risk  
provisioning to cover risks resulting from changes in  
customer creditworthiness. Individual customers are  
hereby classified by category each month on the basis  
of their current contractual status, and appropriate  
levels of allowance recognised in accordance with  
that classification. If macroeconomic developments  
are more favourable than assumed in the outlook,  
credit losses may be reduced, leading to a positive  
earnings impact.  
Further information on risks in conjunction with  
pension provisions is provided in note 30 of the  
Group Financial Statements.  
see  
note 30  
1
08  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Residual value risks and opportunities relating  
to the Financial Services segment  
Operational risks in the Financial  
Services segment  
Risks and opportunities arise in conjunction with  
leasing contracts if the market value of a leased vehicle  
at the end of the contractual term of a lease differs  
from the residual value estimated at the inception  
of the lease and factored into the lease payments. A  
residual value risk exists if the expected market value  
of the vehicle at the end of the contractual term is  
lower than its estimated residual value at the date  
the contract is entered into. If residual value risks  
were to materialise, they could have a high earnings  
impact from the Groupʼs perspective over the two-  
year assessment period. A high and medium earnings  
impact would then arise for the affected Financial  
Services and Automotive segments, respectively. The  
risk amount is classified as medium for the Group  
as a whole. Opportunities can arise out of a positive  
deviation between the actual market value and the  
original residual value forecast. The BMW Group  
classifies potential residual value opportunities as  
significant.  
Operational risks are defined in the Financial Services  
segment as the risk of losses arising as a consequence  
of unsuitability or failure of internal procedures (pro-  
cess risks), people (personnel-related risks), systems  
(infrastructure and IT risks) and external events  
(external risks). The recording and measurement of  
risk scenarios, loss events and countermeasures in  
the operational risk management system provide the  
basis for a systematic analysis and management of  
potential or materialised operational risks. Annual  
self-assessments are also carried out. If operational  
risks were to materialise, they would be likely to have  
a low earnings impact over the two-year assessment  
period. The risk amount is classified as low.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Each vehicleʼs estimated residual value is calculated  
on the basis of historical external and internal data.  
This estimation provides the expected market value  
of the vehicle at the end of the contractual period. As  
part of the management of residual value risks, the  
net present value of risk costs is calculated at con-  
tract inception. Market developments are observed  
throughout the contractual period and the risk assess-  
ment updated.  
Interest rate risks and opportunities relating  
to the Financial Services segment  
Interest rate risks in the Financial Services segment  
relate to potential losses caused by changes in market  
interest rates. These can arise when fixed interest  
rate periods do not match for assets and liabilities  
recognised in the balance sheet. If risks relating to  
interest rate risks were to materialise, they could  
have a medium earnings impact over the two-year  
assessment period. The risk amount is classified as  
low. The BMW Group classifies potential interest rate  
opportunities compared to the outlook as significant.  
Interest rate risks in the Financial Services business  
are managed by matching maturities for refinancing  
and by employing interest-rate derivatives. If the  
relevant recognition criteria are fulfilled, derivatives  
used by the BMW Group are accounted for as hedging  
instruments. Further information on risks in con-  
junction with financial instruments is provided in  
note 37 of the Group Financial Statements.  
see  
note 37  
1
09  
Legal risks  
Possible risks for the BMW Group related to com-  
petition and antitrust law cannot be predicted or  
quantified at present. Further information on cur-  
rent developments with regard to antitrust risks and  
see contingent liabilities can be found in note 36 of the  
Compliance with the law is a basic prerequisite for the  
success of the BMW Group. Applicable law provides  
the binding framework for the BMW Groupʼs world-  
wide activities. As a result of its global operations,  
the BMW Group is exposed to various legal risks. If  
legal risks were to materialise, they could have a high  
earnings impact over the two-year assessment period.  
The risk amount attached to significant identified legal  
risks is classified as medium. However, it cannot be  
ruled out that new legal risks, as yet unforeseen, could  
materialise that could have a high earnings impact for  
the BMW Group.  
note 36  
Group Financial Statements.  
The BMW Group recognises appropriate levels of  
provision for lawsuits. In addition, a part of these  
risks is insured where this makes business sense.  
Some risks, however, either cannot be estimated or  
only to a limited extent, or may lead to costs only in  
an unlikely event. Such items are reported as contin-  
gent liabilities. It cannot be ruled out, however, that  
damages could arise that are either not covered or not  
fully covered by insurance policies or provisions or  
reported as contingent liabilities. In accordance with  
IAS 37 (Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contin-  
gent Assets), the required information is not provided  
if the BMW Group concludes that disclosure of the  
information could seriously prejudice the outcome of  
the relevant legal proceedings. Further information  
see on contingent liabilities is provided in note 36 of  
The increasing globalisation of the BMW Groupʼs  
operations and of business interdependencies in  
general, combined with the variety and complexity  
of legal provisions, including increasingly import and  
export regulations, give rise to an increased risk of  
non-compliance with applicable law. A Compliance  
Management System is in place at BMW Group to  
ensure that the representative bodies, managers and  
staff consistently act in a lawful manner. Further  
information on the BMW Groupʼs Compliance  
Management System can be found in the section  
Corporate Governance.  
note 36  
the Group Financial Statements.  
Like all entities with international operations, the  
BMW Group is confronted with legal disputes, claims  
relating to warranties and product liability or rights  
infringements and proceedings initiated by govern-  
ment agencies. Any of these could, amongst others,  
have an adverse impact on the Groupʼs reputation.  
Such proceedings are essentially typical for the sector  
or a consequence of realigning product or purchasing  
strategies to changed market conditions. Particularly  
in the US market, class action lawsuits and product  
liability risks can have substantial financial conse-  
quences and cause damage to the Groupʼs public  
image. More rigorous application or interpretation  
of existing regulations could result in a greater number  
of recalls. The high quality of the Groupʼs products,  
which is ensured by regular quality audits and ongoing  
improvement measures, helps reduce this risk.  
1
10  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Overall assessment of the risk and  
opportunities situation  
The overall risk assessment is based on a consolidated  
view of all significant individual risks and opportuni-  
ties. Exposure to risks in the individual risk categories  
remains essentially stable. The combination of more  
stringent emissions requirements worldwide and the  
possibility that related laws and regulations may be  
brought forward results in a higher risk level in that  
area. In addition, the increased threat of IT attacks  
in the supplier network has led to an increased esti-  
mation of the risk in purchasing. By contrast, the risk  
level for production has been reduced by the imple-  
mentation of measures. Overall, there has been no  
significant change in the overall risk or opportunities  
level compared to the previous year.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Internal Control  
System Relevant for  
Accounting and  
Financial Reporting  
Process  
In addition to the risk categories described above,  
unforeseen events could have a negative impact on  
business operations and hence on the BMW Groupʼs  
results of operations, financial position and net assets,  
and its reputation. A comprehensive risk management  
system is in place to ensure that the BMW Group  
successfully manages these risks.  
From todayʼs perspective, management does not see  
any threat to the BMW Groupʼs status as a going  
concern. As in the previous year, identified risks are  
considered to be manageable, but could – like the  
opportunities – have an impact on the BMW Groupʼs  
outlook if they were to materialise. The BMW Groupʼs  
financial position is stable and cash needs are currently  
covered by available liquidity and credit lines.  
1
11  
INTERNAL CONTROL  
SYSTEM RELEVANT FOR  
ACCOUNTING AND  
FINANCIAL REPORTING  
PROCESSES  
Controls are integrated into the accounting and finan-  
cial reporting processes, at both individual entity and  
Group level. These are both preventive and detective  
in nature and take account, where appropriate, of  
the principle of the separation of duties. Important  
accounting-related IT systems incorporate controls  
which, amongst others, prevent business transactions  
from being recorded incorrectly and ensure that  
business transactions are recorded completely and  
measured properly in accordance with applicable  
requirements. Controls are also in place to test the  
appropriateness of consolidation procedures. The  
recording of items requiring disclosure is also per-  
formed largely through IT systems.  
*
Disclosures  
pursuant to  
*
§
289 (5) HGB  
and § 315 (2)  
no. 5 HGB.  
The internal control system relevant for accounting  
and financial reporting processes has the task of  
ensuring that accounting and financial reporting by  
the BMW Group is both correct and reliable. Inter-  
nationally recognised standards for internal control  
systems have been taken into account in the design of  
the components of the BMW Group’s internal control  
system. The system comprises:  
As part of the ongoing development of accounting and  
financial reporting processes at individual entity or  
Group level, such controls are adapted to take account  
of new requirements and opportunities arising with  
advances in information technology. In addition, the  
BMW Group uses data analysis tools to ensure that  
any control weaknesses are quickly identified and  
eliminated.  
 Group-wide mandatory accounting guidelines,  
controls integrated into processes and  
IT systems,  
Responsibilities for ensuring the effectiveness of the  
internal control system in relation to individual entity  
organisational measures incorporating the  
principle of separation of duties, and  
and Group accounting and financial reporting pro-  
cesses are clearly defined and allocated to the relevant  
line and process managers. These report annually on  
their assessment of the effectiveness of the internal  
control system for accounting and financial reporting.  
The assessment also includes the results of inter-  
nal and external audits as well as of ongoing data  
analysis. In this context, the Groupʼs units confirm  
the effectiveness of the internal control system for  
accounting and financial reporting. The results of  
the assessment are gathered and documented with  
the aid of tools. Weaknesses in the control system are  
eliminated, taking into account their potential impact  
on accounting processes. The Board of Management  
and Audit Committee are briefed annually on the  
assessment of the effectiveness of the internal control  
system for accounting and financial reporting. The  
Board of Management and, where applicable, the  
Supervisory Board, are informed immediately in the  
event of any significant changes in the effectiveness  
of the internal control system.  
 process-independent monitoring measures.  
The internal control system is subject to continuous  
improvement, with system effectiveness assessed  
regularly on the basis of centralised and decentralised  
process analyses, analyses of data within the various  
financial systems and audit procedures. The principal  
features of the internal control system, as far as they  
relate to individual entity and Group accounting and  
financial reporting processes, are described below.  
Guidelines for recognising, measuring and allocating  
items to accounts are available to all employees via  
the intranet. New accounting standards are assessed  
for their impact on the BMW Group’s accounting  
and financial reporting. Accounting guidelines and  
processes are reviewed continuously and revised at  
least once a year or more frequently, if necessary.  
1
12  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
DISCLOSURES RELEVANT  
FOR TAKEOVERS AND  
EXPLANATORY COMMENTS  
The Company’s shares of preferred stock are shares  
Disclosures pur- within the meaning of §139 ff. AktG, which carry a  
cumulative preferential right in terms of the allocation  
315a (1) HGB. of profit and for which voting rights are excluded.  
*
*
suant to § 289a  
(
1) HGB and  
Disclosures Relevant  
for Takeovers  
and Explanatory  
Comments  
§
These shares confer voting rights only in exceptional  
cases stipulated by law, in particular when the prefer-  
ence amount has not been paid or has not been fully  
paid in one year and the arrears are not paid in the  
subsequent year alongside the full preference amount  
due for that year. With the exception of voting rights,  
holders of shares of preferred stock are entitled to  
the same rights as holders of shares of common stock.  
Article 24 of the Articles of Incorporation confers  
preferential treatment to the non-voting shares of  
preferred stock with regard to the appropriation of the  
Company’s unappropriated profit. Accordingly, the  
unappropriated profit is required to be appropriated  
in the following order:  
Composition of subscribed capital  
The subscribed capital (share capital) of BMW AG  
amounted to €ꢀ657,600,600 at 31 December 2017  
(
2016: €ꢀ657  
no. 1 of the Articles of Incorporation, is subdivided  
into 601 995 196 shares of common stock (91 54 %)  
2016 601 995 196 91 61 %) and 55 605 404 shares of  
non-voting preferred stock ( 46%) (2016 55 114 404  
.39 %), each with a par value of €ꢀ1. The Company’s  
shares are issued to bearer.  
,109,600) and, in accordance with Article 4  
,
,
.
(
:
,
,
;
.
,
,
8
.
:
,
,
;
8
(
a) subsequent payment of any arrears on dividends  
on non-voting preferred shares in the order of  
accruement  
The rights and duties of shareholders derive from the  
German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) in conjunction  
with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the  
full text of which is available at  
www.bmwgroup.com. The  
(b) payment of an additional dividend of ꢀ0.02 per  
ꢀ1 par value on non-voting preferred shares  
right of shareholders to have their shares evidenced  
is excluded in accordance with the Articles of Incor-  
poration. The voting power attached to each share  
corresponds to its par value. Each €ꢀ1 of par value  
of share capital represented in a vote entitles the  
holder to one vote (Article 18 no.1 of the Articles of  
Incorporation).  
(c) uniform payment of any other dividends on  
shares of common and preferred stock, provided  
the shareholders do not resolve otherwise at  
the Annual General Meeting  
Restrictions on voting rights or the transfer  
of shares  
As well as shares of common stock, the Company  
has also issued non-voting shares of preferred stock.  
Further information can be found in the section  
Composition of subscribed capital”.  
When the Company issues non-voting shares of  
preferred stock to employees in conjunction with its  
Employee Share Programme, these shares are gener-  
ally subject to a company-imposed blocking period  
of four years, calculated from the beginning of the  
calendar year in which the shares are issued.  
Contractual holding period arrangements also apply to  
shares of common stock acquired by Board of Manage-  
ment members and certain senior department heads  
in conjunction with the share-based remuneration  
programmes (Compensation Report of the Corporate  
see Governance section; note 39 of the Group Financial  
note 39  
Statements).  
1
13  
Direct or indirect investments in capital exceeding  
the following direct or indirect holdings exceeding  
10% of the voting rights at the end of the reporting  
period were held at the stated reporting date:ꢀ  
1
0 % of voting rights  
1
Based on the information available to the Company,  
Direct share of  
voting rights  
Indirect share of  
voting rights  
in %  
StefanꢀQuandt,ꢀGermanyꢀ  
0.2  
17.42  
16.43  
12.64  
AQTONꢀSE,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv. ꢀd .ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
JohannaꢀQuandtꢀGmbH,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv. ꢀd .ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
JohannaꢀQuandtꢀGmbHꢀ&ꢀCo.ꢀKGꢀfürꢀAutomobilwerte,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv. ꢀd .ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
SusanneꢀKlatten,ꢀGermany  
17.4  
16.4  
0.2  
SusanneꢀKlattenꢀBeteiligungsꢀGmbH,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv. ꢀd .ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
1
12.6  
Basedꢀonꢀvoluntaryꢀnotificationsꢀprovidedꢀbyꢀtheꢀlistedꢀshareholdersꢀasꢀatꢀ31ꢀDecemberꢀ2017.  
Controlled entities, of which 3 % or more are attributed: AQTON SE.  
2
3
4
Controlled entities, of which 3 % or more are attributed: Johanna Quandt GmbH & Co. KG für Automobilwerte.  
Controlled entities, of which 3 % or more are attributed: Susanne Klatten Beteiligungs GmbH.  
The voting percentages disclosed above may have  
changed subsequent to the stated date if these changes  
were not required to be reported to the Company.  
As the Company’s shares are issued to bearer, the  
Company is generally aware of changes in sharehold-  
ings only if such changes are subject to mandatory  
notification rules.  
Statutory regulations and Articles of Incorporation  
provisions with regard to the appointment and  
removal of members of the Board of Management  
and changes to the Articles of Incorporation  
The appointment or removal of members of the Board  
of Management is based on the rules contained in  
§84 ff. AktG in conjunction with §31 of the German  
Co-Determination Act (MitbestG).  
Shares with special rights which confer control  
rights  
There are no shares with special rights which confer  
control rights.  
Amendments to the Articles of Incorporation must  
comply with §179 ff. AktG. Amendments must be  
decided upon by the shareholders at the Annual  
General Meeting (§119 (1) no.5, §179 (1) AktG). The  
Supervisory Board is authorised to approve amend-  
ments to the Articles of Incorporation which only affect  
its wording (Article 14 no.3 of the Articles of Incorpo-  
ration). Resolutions are passed at the Annual General  
Meeting by simple majority of shares exercised unless  
otherwise explicitly required by binding provisions of  
law or, when a majority of share capital is required,  
by simple majority of shares represented in the vote  
(Article 20 no.1 of the Articles of Incorporation).  
Control of voting rights when employees  
participate in capital and do not exercise their  
control rights directly  
Like all other shareholders, employees exercise their  
control rights pertaining to shares they have acquired  
in conjunction with the Employee Share Programme  
andꢀ/ꢀor the share-based remuneration programme  
directly on the basis of relevant legal provisions and  
the Company’s Articles of Incorporation.  
1
14  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Authorisations of the Board of Management in  
particular with respect to the issuing or buying  
back of shares  
The Board of Management is authorised to buy back  
shares and sell repurchased shares in situations spec-  
ified in §71 AktG, for example to avert serious and  
imminent damage to the Company andꢀ/ꢀor to offer  
shares to persons employed or previously employed  
by BMWAG or one of its affiliated companies.  
Significant agreements of the Company taking  
effect in the event of change in control following a  
takeover bid  
BMWAG is party to the following major agreements,  
which contain provisions that would apply in the event  
of a change in control or the acquisition of control as a  
result of a takeover bid:  
Disclosures Relevant  
for Takeovers  
and Explanatory  
Comments  
An agreement concluded with an international  
consortium of banks relating to a syndicated  
credit line, which was not being utilised at the  
balance sheet date, entitles the lending banks to  
give extraordinary notice to terminate the credit  
line, such that all outstanding amounts, includ-  
ing interest, would fall due immediately if one or  
more parties jointly acquire direct or indirect  
control of BMWAG. The term control is defined  
as the acquisition of more than 50ꢁ% of the share  
capital of BMWAG, or the right to receive more  
than 50ꢁ% of the dividend or the right to direct  
the affairs of the Company, or appoint the major-  
ity of the members of the Supervisory Board.  
In accordance with the resolution passed at the  
Annual General Meeting on 15 May 2014, the Board of  
Management is also authorised up until 14 May 2019  
to acquire shares of non-voting preferred stock of the  
Company via the stock exchange, up to a maximum  
of 1% of the share capital existing at the date of the  
resolution. The consideration paid by the Company  
per share of non-voting preferred stock (excluding  
transaction costs) may not be more than 10% above  
or below the market price of the stock determined  
by the opening auction on the date of trading in the  
Xetra trading system (or a successor system having a  
comparable function). Moreover, the Board of Man-  
agement is authorised to use the acquired own shares  
of non-voting preferred stock for all legally admissible  
purposes, specifically including the right to offer for  
sale and transfer shares to persons employed by the  
Company or one of its affiliated companies up to a  
proportionate amount of €ꢀ5 million of share capital.  
The subscription rights of existing shareholders to the  
new shares of preferred stock used for the purpose  
stated above are excluded. The authorisations may  
also be exercised in parts over several transactions.  
A cooperation agreement concluded with Peugeot  
SA relating to the joint development and pro-  
duction of a new family of small (1- to 1.6-litre)  
petrol engines entitles each of the cooperation  
partners to give extraordinary notification of  
termination in the event of a competitor acquir-  
ing control over the other contractual party and  
if any concerns of the other contractual party  
concerning the impact of the change of control  
on the cooperation arrangements are not resolved  
during the subsequent discussion process.  
In accordance with Article  
4 no.5 of the Articles of  
Incorporation, the Board of Management is author-  
ised, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, to  
increase in return for cash contributions BMWAG’s  
share capital during the period until 14 May 2019 by  
BMWꢁAG acts as guarantor for all obligations aris-  
ing from the joint venture agreement relating to  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd. in China. The  
agreement grants an extraordinary right of ter-  
mination to either joint venture partner in the event  
that – either directly or indirectly – more than 25ꢁ%  
of the shares of the other party are acquired by a  
third party, or if the other party is merged with  
another legal entity. The termination of the joint  
venture agreement may result in the sale of the  
shares to the other joint venture partner or in the  
liquidation of the joint venture entity.  
up to €ꢀ3,654,383 for the purposes of an Employee  
Share Programme by issuing new non-voting shares of  
preferred stock, which carry the same rights as exist-  
ing non-voting preferred stock (Authorised Capital  
2
014). Subscription rights of existing shareholders  
are excluded. No conditional capital is in place at the  
reporting date.  
1
15  
Framework agreements are in place with financial  
institutions and banks (ISDA Master Agreements)  
relating to trading activities with derivative finan-  
cial instruments. These agreements include an  
extraordinary right of termination which triggers  
the immediate settlement of all current trans-  
actions in the event that the creditworthiness of  
the party involved is significantly weaker follow-  
ing a direct or indirect acquisition of beneficially  
owned equity capital that confers the power to  
elect a majority of the Supervisory Board of a con-  
tractual party or any other ownership interest  
that enables the acquirer to exercise control over  
a contractual party, or which constitutes a  
merger or a transfer of net assets.  
BMWꢁAG was until 11 January 2018 party to an  
agreement with SGL Carbon SE, Wiesbaden,  
relating to the joint operations SGL Automotive  
Carbon Fibers LLC, Delaware, USA and SGL  
Automotive Carbon Fibers GmbH & Co.ꢁKG,  
Munich. The agreement included call and put  
rights in case – either directly or indirectly – 50ꢁ%  
or more of the voting rights relating to the rele-  
vant other shareholder of the joint operations were  
acquired by a third party, or if 25ꢁ% of such voting  
rights were acquired by a third party if that third  
party was a competitor of the party unaffected  
by the acquisition of the voting rights. In the event  
of such acquisitions of voting rights by a third  
party, the non-affected shareholder had the right  
to purchase the shares of the joint operations from  
the affected shareholder or to require the affected  
party to acquire the other shareholder’s shares.  
This agreement was revoked on 11 January 2018 in  
conjunction with the sale, on the same date, of  
BMW Group’s investment in SGL Automotive  
Carbon Fibers GmbH & Co.ꢁKG, Munich to  
SGL Carbon SE, Wiesbaden.  
Financing agreements in place with the European  
Investment Bank (EIB) entitle the EIB to request  
early repayment of the loan in the event of an  
imminent or actual change in control of  
BMWAG, if the EIB has reason to assume – after  
the change in control or 30 days after it has  
made a request to discuss the situation – that the  
change in control could have a significantly  
adverse impact, or if the borrower refuses to hold  
any such discussions. A change in control of  
BMWAG arises if one or more individuals take  
over or lose control of BMWAG, with control  
being defined in the above-mentioned financing  
agreements as (i) holding or having control over  
more than 50ꢁ% of the voting rights, (ii) the right  
to appoint the majority of the members of the  
Board of Management or Supervisory Board, (iii)  
the right to receive more than 50ꢁ% of dividends  
payable or (iv) any other comparable controlling  
influence over BMWAG.  
The framework cooperation agreement entered  
into amongst others by BMWAG and Sixt SE,  
relating to the foundation and operation of the  
car-sharing joint venture DriveNow, may be ter-  
minated by Sixt SE if a car hire company acquires  
more than 50ꢁ% of the shares of common stock  
of BMWAG. In the event of such a termination,  
Sixt SE may, at its own discretion, stipulate the  
sale of BMW’s interest in the joint venture to  
Sixt SE or the purchase of Sixts interest in the  
joint venture by BMWAG or one its subsidiaries.  
On 29 January 2018, the BMW Group concluded  
with Sixt SE a contract for the purchase of all  
shares in DriveNow, which, subject to approval by  
the antitrust authority, is expected to take effect  
in March 2018. On completion, the framework  
cooperation agreement ceases to be effective.  
1
16  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Several supply and development contracts  
between BMWAG and various industrial custom-  
ers, all relating to the sale of components for  
drivetrain systems, grant an extraordinary right  
of termination to the relevant industrial cus-  
tomer in specified cases of a change in control  
at BMWAG (for example BMWAG merges with  
a third party or is taken over by a third party; an  
automobile manufacturer acquires more than  
Compensation agreements with members of the  
Board of Management or with employees in the  
event of a takeover bid  
Disclosures Relevant  
for Takeovers  
and Explanatory  
Comments  
The BMW Group has not concluded any compensation  
agreements with members of the Board of Manage  
ment or with employees for situations involving a  
takeover offer.  
-
5
0ꢁ% of the voting rights or share capital of  
BMWAG).  
BMWAG is party to the shareholder agreement  
relating to THERE Holding B.ꢀV., which is the  
majority shareholder of the HERE Group. In  
accordance with the shareholder agreement,  
each contractual party is required to offer its  
directly or indirectly held shares in THERE  
Holding B.ꢀV. for sale to the other shareholders  
in the event of a change in control. A change  
in control of BMWAG arises if a person takes over  
or loses control of BMWAG, with control defined  
as (i) holding or having control over more than  
5
0ꢁ% of the voting rights, (ii) the possibility to  
control more than 50ꢁ% of voting rights exercisable  
at Annual General Meetings on all or nearly all  
matters, or (iii) the right to determine the majority  
of members of the Board of Management or the  
Supervisory Board. Furthermore, a change in  
control occurs if competitors of the HERE Group  
or certain potential competitors of the HERE  
Group from the technology sector acquire more  
than 25ꢁ% of BMWAG. If none of the other share-  
holders acquire these shares, the other sharehold-  
ers are entitled to resolve that THERE Holding B. ꢀV .  
be dissolved.  
The development collaboration agreement  
between BMWAG, Intel Corporation and  
Mobileye Vision Technologies Ltd., relating to  
the development of technologies used in highly  
and fully automated vehicles, may be terminated  
by any of the contractual parties if a competitor  
of one of the parties acquires and subsequently  
holds at least 30ꢁ% of the voting shares of one  
of the contractual parties.  
GROUP FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS  
Page 118 Income Statement  
Page 118 Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 120 Balance Sheet  
Page 122 Cash Flow Statement  
Page 124 Statement of Changes in Equity  
Page 126 Notes to the Group Financial Statements  
Page 126 Accounting Principles and Policies  
Page 139 Notes to the Income Statement  
Page 145 Notes to the Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 146 Notes to the Balance Sheet  
3
Group Financial  
Statements  
Page 167 Other Disclosures  
Page 183 Segment Information  
Income Statement  
Statement of  
Comprehensive  
Income  
Page 188 List of Investments at 31 December 2017  
Balance Sheet  
Cash Flow  
Statement  
3
Notes  
1
18  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
INCOME STATEMENT  
BMW Group  
Income Statement  
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
Statement of Com-  
prehensive Income  
Income Statements for Group and Segments  
63  
Automotive  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Motorcycles  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
Group  
2017  
in € million  
Note  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
Revenues  
6
7
98,678  
– 78,744  
19,934  
– 9,560  
720  
94,163  
– 75,442  
18,721  
– 9,158  
670  
88,581  
– 72,266  
16,315  
– 7,927  
675  
86,424  
– 70,973  
15,451  
– 7,604  
616  
2,283  
–1,809  
474  
– 256  
4
2,069  
–1,639  
430  
– 256  
27  
Cost of sales  
Gross profit  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Other operating income  
8
9
9
Other operating expenses  
–1,214  
9,880  
738  
– 847  
9,386  
441  
–1,200  
7,863  
738  
– 768  
7,695  
441  
–15  
207  
–14  
187  
Profit / loss before financial result  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Interest and similar income  
Interest and similar expenses  
Other financial result  
22  
10  
10  
11  
201  
196  
325  
260  
– 412  
248  
– 489  
131  
– 530  
295  
– 673  
193  
– 2  
– 2  
Financial result  
775  
279  
828  
221  
– 2  
– 2  
Profit / loss before tax  
10,655  
–1,949  
8,706  
86  
9,665  
– 2,755  
6,910  
47  
8,691  
– 3,415  
5,276  
22  
7,916  
– 2,475  
5,441  
10  
205  
– 63  
142  
185  
– 53  
132  
Income taxes  
12  
Net profit / loss  
Attributable to minority interest  
Attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
Basic earnings per share of common stock in €  
Basic earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
Dilutive effects  
29  
13  
13  
8,620  
13.12  
13.14  
6,863  
10.45  
10.47  
5,254  
5,431  
142  
132  
Diluted earnings per share of common stock in €  
Diluted earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
13  
13  
13.12  
13.14  
10.45  
10.47  
Statement of Comprehensive Income for Group  
64  
in € million  
Note  
2017  
2016  
Net profit  
8,706  
693  
6,910  
–1,858  
529  
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability for pension plans  
Deferred taxes  
30  
– 218  
475  
Items not expected to be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
Available-for-sale securities  
–1,329  
40  
39  
Financial instruments used for hedging purposes  
Other comprehensive income from equity accounted investments  
Deferred taxes  
1,914  
– 30  
2,008  
43  
– 597  
–1,171  
155  
– 721  
– 230  
1,140  
–189  
6,721  
47  
Currency translation foreign operations  
Items expected to be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Total comprehensive income  
17  
29  
630  
9,336  
86  
Total comprehensive income attributable to minority interests  
Total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
9,250  
6,674  
1
19  
Financial Services  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Other Entities  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Eliminations  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
2
017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2
7,567  
23,986  
,581  
1,370  
25,681  
– 22,135  
3,546  
–1,294  
35  
7
6
–19,760  
19,317  
– 443  
20  
– 20,017  
19,305  
– 712  
26  
Revenues  
Cost of sales  
3
7
6
Gross profit  
– 27  
130  
– 96  
14  
– 30  
110  
–103  
–17  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Other operating income  
9
6
–185  
210  
–118  
141  
113  
–103  
2,184  
Other operating expenses  
2
,194  
– 398  
– 663  
Profit / loss before financial result  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Interest and similar income  
1
2
11  
1,110  
– 986  
– 58  
66  
1,250  
–1,006  
– 57  
187  
170  
– 49  
121  
–1,246  
1,116  
–1,325  
1,216  
10  
– 24  
Interest and similar expenses  
Other financial result  
1
1
1
3
– 5  
–18  
–130  
– 528  
– 292  
– 820  
–109  
– 772  
211  
Financial result  
2
1
4
,207  
,840  
,047  
2,166  
– 389  
1,777  
37  
80  
Profit / loss before tax  
–19  
61  
Income taxes  
– 561  
Net profit / loss  
6
4
Attributable to minority interest  
Attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
Basic earnings per share of common stock in €  
Basic earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
Dilutive effects  
3
,983  
1,740  
61  
121  
– 820  
– 561  
Diluted earnings per share of common stock in €  
Diluted earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
1
20  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
BALANCE SHEET  
AT 31 DECEMBER 2017  
BMW Group  
Balance Sheet  
at 31 December  
Automotive  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Motorcycles  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
Group  
2017  
in € million  
Note  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Intangible assets  
19  
20  
21  
22  
9,464  
18,471  
36,257  
2,767  
8,157  
17,960  
37,789  
2,546  
8,981  
18,050  
7,705  
17,566  
57  
388  
46  
365  
Property, plant and equipment  
Leased products  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
Other investments  
2,767  
4,985  
2,546  
5,195  
690  
560  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
23  
24  
12  
26  
48,321  
2,369  
48,032  
2,705  
1,302  
3,079  
3,671  
42,835  
1,287  
4,310  
4,043  
42,652  
Deferred tax  
1,927  
2,327  
Other assets  
1,635  
1,595  
32  
477  
28  
439  
Non-current assets  
121,901  
121,671  
Inventories  
27  
28  
23  
24  
25  
26  
12,707  
2,667  
32,113  
7,965  
1,566  
5,525  
9,039  
71,582  
11,841  
2,825  
12,103  
2,354  
11,344  
2,502  
580  
160  
492  
144  
Trade receivables  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
30,228  
7,065  
5,578  
714  
4,862  
1,000  
21,561  
4,794  
46,063  
Current tax  
1,938  
Other assets  
5,087  
23,124  
7,157  
51,030  
5
2
Cash and cash equivalents  
Current assets  
7,880  
8
66,864  
753  
638  
Total assets  
193,483  
188,535  
93,865  
88,715  
1,230  
1,077  
qꢂIꢁy Aꢃꢄ lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Subscribed capital  
29  
29  
29  
29  
29  
658  
2,084  
51,256  
114  
657  
2,047  
Capital reserves  
Revenue reserves  
44,445  
– 41  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
54,112  
47,108  
Minority interest  
436  
255  
Equity  
54,548  
47,363  
39,441  
36,624  
Pension provisions  
Other provisions  
30  
31  
12  
33  
34  
3,252  
5,437  
4,587  
5,039  
2,405  
4,980  
1,446  
832  
2,911  
4,570  
740  
69  
101  
83  
103  
Deferred tax  
2,241  
2,795  
Financial liabilities  
Other liabilities  
53,548  
5,410  
55,405  
5,357  
1,942  
6,530  
16,693  
6,793  
16,456  
487  
657  
442  
628  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
69,888  
73,183  
Other provisions  
31  
32  
33  
35  
34  
6,313  
1,124  
5,879  
1,074  
5,656  
874  
5,187  
770  
99  
90  
Current tax  
Financial liabilities  
Trade payables  
41,100  
9,731  
42,326  
8,512  
947  
1,481  
7,483  
20,477  
35,398  
8,516  
21,975  
37,968  
355  
119  
573  
303  
56  
Other liabilities  
10,779  
69,047  
10,198  
67,989  
Current provisions and liabilities  
449  
Total equity and liabilities  
193,483  
188,535  
93,865  
88,715  
1,230  
1,077  
1
21  
Financial Services  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Other Entities  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Eliminations  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
2
017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Intangible assets  
4
25  
405  
29  
1
1
3
3
Property, plant and equipment  
Leased products  
4
4
4,285  
45,134  
– 8,028  
– 7,345  
2
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
Other investments  
3
7,160  
6,585  
–11,457  
–11,223  
8,321  
48,032  
221  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
1
4
76  
42  
1,089  
130  
26,628  
35,008  
1,780  
263  
–198  
– 583  
– 2,635  
– 32,689  
– 54,475  
389  
–1,724  
– 31,778  
– 53,185  
Deferred tax  
3
,082  
3,093  
97,306  
27,120  
35,749  
Other assets  
9
3
6,766  
Non-current assets  
2
4
5
178  
1
1
Inventories  
Trade receivables  
1
52  
2,113  
30,228  
1,504  
44  
– 307  
– 630  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
1
,531  
1,163  
797  
1,329  
894  
5
5
Current tax  
5
1
,331  
,856  
5,417  
3,046  
40,422  
45,963  
18  
44,782  
40  
– 68,898  
– 66,675  
Other assets  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Current assets  
4
1,062  
47,942  
47,046  
– 69,205  
– 67,305  
1
37,828  
137,728  
82,950  
82,795  
–122,390  
–121,780  
Total assets  
qꢂIꢁy Aꢃꢄ lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Subscribed capital  
Capital reserves  
Revenue reserves  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
Minority interest  
1
4,740  
11,049  
18,102  
16,744  
–17,735  
–17,054  
Equity  
7
2
77  
353  
706  
1,516  
13  
Pension provisions  
Other provisions  
3
56  
4
,302  
6,755  
38  
48  
– 3,545  
–198  
– 4,748  
– 583  
Deferred tax  
1
2
5
7,819  
8,835  
1,384  
17,718  
29,413  
54,316  
35,095  
198  
36,328  
601  
Financial liabilities  
– 30,903  
– 34,646  
– 31,629  
– 36,960  
Other liabilities  
36,037  
38,506  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
5
2
49  
33  
599  
255  
9
17  
3
49  
Other provisions  
Current tax  
2
4,853  
49  
27,368  
702  
15,607  
11  
14,107  
24  
– 307  
– 630  
Financial liabilities  
8
Trade payables  
4
7
5,220  
1,704  
43,439  
72,363  
13,167  
28,811  
13,362  
27,545  
– 69,702  
– 70,009  
– 67,136  
– 67,766  
Other liabilities  
Current provisions and liabilities  
1
37,828  
137,728  
82,950  
82,795  
–122,390  
–121,780  
Total equity and liabilities  
1
22  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
CASH FLOW STATEMENT  
BMW Group  
Cash Flow Statement  
Group  
2017  
in € million  
2016  
Net profit  
8,706  
6,910  
Reconciliation between net profit and cash inflow / outflow from operating activities  
Current tax  
Other interest and similar income / expenses1  
Depreciation and amortisation of tangible, intangible and investment assets  
Change in provisions  
2,558  
65  
2,670  
131  
4,822  
696  
4,998  
883  
Change in leased products  
–1,134  
– 7,440  
– 609  
– 249  
– 43  
– 2,526  
– 8,368  
85  
Change in receivables from sales financing  
Change in deferred taxes  
Other non-cash income and expense items  
Gain / loss on disposal of tangible and intangible assets and marketable securities  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Changes in working capital  
–15  
– 4  
– 738  
166  
– 441  
–104  
– 749  
– 93  
Change in inventories  
–1,293  
45  
Change in trade receivables  
Change in trade payables  
1,414  
1,285  
– 2,301  
125  
738  
Change in other operating assets and liabilities  
Income taxes paid  
Interest received1  
1,229  
– 2,417  
142  
Cash inflow /outflow from operating activities  
5,909  
3,173  
Investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from the disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Expenditure for investment assets  
– 7,112  
30  
– 5,823  
10  
–142  
– 338  
140  
Proceeds from the disposal of investment assets and other business units  
Investments in marketable securities and investment funds  
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities and investment funds  
Cash inflow /outflow from investing activities  
1,2362  
– 4,041  
3,866  
– 6,163  
– 3,592  
3,740  
– 5,863  
Payments into equity  
38  
– 2,324  
20  
– 2,121  
Payment of dividend for the previous year  
Intragroup financing and equity transactions  
Interest paid1  
–165  
–118  
Proceeds from the issue of bonds  
Repayment of bonds  
12,061  
– 9,374  
11,894  
– 7,427  
– 4,084  
953  
13,974  
–10,374  
8,952  
Proceeds from new non-current other financial liabilities  
Repayment of non-current other financial liabilities  
Change in current other financial liabilities  
Change in commercial paper  
– 8,443  
4,135  
–1,632  
4,393  
Cash inflow /outflow from financing activities  
1,572  
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents  
Effect of changes in composition of Group on cash and cash equivalents  
Change in cash and cash equivalents  
– 223  
64  
17  
38  
1,159  
1,758  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 1 January  
7,880  
9,039  
6,122  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 31 December  
7,880  
1
Interest relating to financial services business is classified as revenues / cost of sales.  
Includes €969 million from the sale of receivables from sales financing (multibrand portfolio) amounting to €939 million and other receivables and  
2
payables amounting to €22 million (2016: € – million) as well as dividends received from investment assets amounting to €258 million (2016: €134 million).  
1
23  
Automotive  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Financial Services  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
2
017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
5
2
4
,276  
,699  
5,441  
4,047  
1,777  
Net profit  
Reconciliation between net profit and cash inflow / outflow from operating activities  
Current tax  
2,787  
283  
–114  
– 5  
–117  
12  
8
9
Other interest and similar income / expenses1  
Depreciation and amortisation of tangible, intangible and investment assets  
Change in provisions  
,699  
4,876  
970  
35  
29  
9
88  
225  
139  
– 3,532  
– 8,368  
275  
11  
–1,855  
– 7,440  
–1,872  
46  
Change in leased products  
Change in receivables from sales financing  
Change in deferred taxes  
9
06  
–187  
11  
2
5
Other non-cash income and expense items  
Gain / loss on disposal of tangible and intangible assets and marketable securities  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Changes in working capital  
41  
– 3  
– 2  
–1  
738  
– 441  
–172  
– 758  
– 43  
629  
7
8
161  
50  
1,179  
– 20  
19  
2
Change in inventories  
4
3
–12  
60  
Change in trade receivables  
1
,214  
162  
Change in trade payables  
1,362  
1,896  
– 246  
–1,997  
142  
705  
– 283  
164  
Change in other operating assets and liabilities  
Income taxes paid  
– 315  
1
25  
Interest received1  
1
0,848  
11,464  
– 6,384  
– 9,844  
Cash inflow /outflow from operating activities  
6,972  
– 5,699  
9
–15  
2
–10  
Investments in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from the disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Expenditure for investment assets  
2
8
482  
,037  
3,810  
,655  
6,544  
–122  
140  
1
970  
– 231  
211  
937  
Proceeds from the disposal of investment assets and other business units  
Investments in marketable securities and investment funds  
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities and investment funds  
Cash inflow /outflow from investing activities  
– 3,196  
3,436  
– 5,432  
– 396  
304  
–102  
3
3
8
20  
– 2,121  
–1,833  
–118  
Payments into equity  
Payment of dividend for the previous year  
Intragroup financing and equity transactions  
Interest paid1  
2,324  
67  
5
4,315  
6,191  
165  
552  
870  
Proceeds from the issue of bonds  
– 489  
11,385  
– 7,119  
– 4,181  
–129  
4,334  
–1,160  
8,295  
– 7,215  
4,425  
195  
Repayment of bonds  
67  
Proceeds from new non-current other financial liabilities  
Repayment of non-current other financial liabilities  
Change in current other financial liabilities  
Change in commercial paper  
48  
– 520  
– 720  
7
3
1,859  
– 5,225  
11,601  
Cash inflow /outflow from financing activities  
82  
10  
25  
–141  
64  
21  
11  
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents  
Effect of changes in composition of Group on cash and cash equivalents  
Change in cash and cash equivalents  
2
,363  
842  
–1,190  
1,687  
4
7
,794  
,157  
3,952  
3,046  
1,856  
1,359  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 1 January  
4,794  
3,046  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 31 December  
The reconciliation of liabilities from financing activities is presented in note 33.  
1
24  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY  
BMW Group  
Statement of  
Changes in Equity  
Subscribed  
capital  
Capital  
reserves  
Revenue  
reserves  
in € million  
Note  
1
January 2017  
29  
657  
2,047  
44,445  
Net profit  
8,620  
475  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income 31 December 2017  
9,095  
Dividends paid  
– 2,300  
Subscribed share capital increase out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase relating to preferred stock  
Other changes  
1
37  
16  
3
1 December 2017  
29  
658  
2,084  
51,256  
Subscribed  
capital  
Capital  
reserves  
Revenue  
reserves  
in € million  
Note  
1
January 2016  
29  
657  
2,027  
41,027  
Net profit  
6,863  
–1,329  
5,534  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income 31 December 2016  
Dividends paid  
– 2,102  
Subscribed share capital increase out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase relating to preferred stock  
Other changes  
20  
–14  
3
1 December 2016  
29  
657  
2,047  
44,445  
1
25  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity  
Currency  
Derivative attributable to  
translation  
differences  
financial  
instruments  
shareholders  
of BMW AG  
Minority  
interest  
Securities  
52  
Total  
171  
78  
47,108  
255  
47,363  
1 January 2017  
41  
41  
1,437  
1,437  
8,620  
630  
86  
8,706  
630  
Net profit  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income 31 December 2017  
1,323  
1,323  
9,250  
86  
9,336  
– 2,300  
– 2,300  
Dividends paid  
1
37  
1
37  
Subscribed share capital increase out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase relating to preferred stock  
Other changes  
16  
95  
111  
1,494  
93  
1,515  
54,112  
436  
54,548  
31 December 2017  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity  
Currency  
translation  
differences  
Derivative attributable to  
financial  
instruments  
shareholders  
of BMW AG  
Minority  
interest  
Securities  
24  
Total  
1
32  
–1,337  
42,530  
234  
42,764  
1 January 2016  
28  
28  
1,415  
1,415  
6,863  
–189  
47  
6,910  
–189  
6,721  
Net profit  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income 31 December 2016  
303  
303  
6,674  
47  
– 2,102  
– 2,102  
Dividends paid  
20  
20  
Subscribed share capital increase out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase relating to preferred stock  
Other changes  
–14  
– 26  
255  
– 40  
171  
52  
78  
47,108  
47,363  
31 December 2016  
1
26  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES  
AND POLICIES  
NOTES TO  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements THE GROUP  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS  
01  
Basis of preparation  
The consolidated financial statements of Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMW Group  
Financial Statements or Group Financial State-  
ments) at 31 December 2017 have been drawn up in  
accordance with International Financial Reporting  
Standards (IFRS), as endorsed by the European Union,  
and the supplementary requirements of §315a (1)  
of the German Commercial Code (HGB). The Group  
Financial Statements and Combined Management  
Report will be submitted to the operator of the elec-  
tronic version of the German Federal Gazette and  
can be obtained via the Company Register website.  
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, which  
has its seat at Petuelring 130, Munich, is registered  
in the Commercial Register of the District Court of  
Munich under the number HRB 42243.  
The Group currency is the euro. All amounts are dis-  
closed in millions of euros (€ million) unless stated  
otherwise.  
The BMW Group and segment income statements are  
presented using the cost of sales method.  
In order to provide a better insight into the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets of  
the BMW Group, and going beyond the require-  
ments of IFRS 8 (Operating Segments), the Group  
Financial Statements also include income statements  
and balance sheets for the Automotive, Motorcycles,  
Financial Services and Other Entities segments. The  
Group Cash Flow Statement is supplemented by state-  
ments of cash flows for the Automotive and Financial  
Services segments. This supplementary information is  
unaudited. Inter-segment transactions relate primarily  
to internal sales of products, the provision of funds  
for Group companies and the related interest. These  
items are eliminated in the relevant “Eliminations”  
columns. A description of the nature of the business  
and major operating activities of the BMW Group’s  
see segments is provided in note 43 (“Explanatory notes  
note 43  
to segment information”).  
On 15 February 2018, the Board of Management  
granted approval for publication of the Group Finan-  
cial Statements.  
1
27  
0
2
gradual acquisition of the BMW Group’s 49 percent  
shareholding. Accordingly, between the beginning  
of 2018 and the end of 2020 at the latest, SGL Car-  
bon SE will become the sole owner of the hitherto  
joint operations. As a consequence of the transaction,  
the joint operations will cease to be proportionately  
consolidated in the BMW Group Financial Statements  
with effect from the financial year 2018.  
Group reporting entity  
and consolidation principles  
The BMW Group Financial Statements include  
BMW AG and all material subsidiaries over which  
BMW AG  either directly or indirectly – exercises  
control. This also includes 57 structured entities,  
consisting of asset-backed securities entities and  
special-purpose funds.  
The BMW Group is also party to a cooperation with  
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota City, for the devel-  
opment of a sports car. This cooperation is accounted  
for as a joint operation.  
All consolidated subsidiaries have the same year-end as  
BMWAG with the exception of BMW India Private Ltd.  
and BMW India Financial Services Private Ltd., whose  
year-ends are 31 March in accordance with local legal  
requirements.  
In the case of a joint venture, the parties which have  
joint control only have rights to the net assets of the  
arrangement.  
When assessing whether an investment gives rise to  
a controlled entity, an associated company, a joint  
operation or a joint venture, the BMW Group con-  
siders contractual arrangements and other circum-  
stances, as well as the structure and legal form of the  
entity. Discretionary decisions may also be required.  
If indications exist of a change in the judgement of  
Associated companies and joint ventures are account-  
ed for using the equity method, with measurement on  
initial recognition based on acquisition cost.  
The following changes took place in the Group report-  
ing entity in the financial year 2017:  
(
joint) control, the BMW Group undertakes a new  
assessment.  
Germany  
Foreign  
Total  
An entity is deemed to be controlled if BMW AG  
either directly or indirectly – has power over it, is  
exposed or has rights to variable returns from it and  
has the ability to influence those returns.  
Included at  
1 December 2016  
3
21  
1
178  
20  
199  
21  
Included for the  
first time in 2017  
An entity is classified as an associated company if  
BMWAG – either directly or indirectly – has the abil-  
ity to exercise significant influence over the entity’s  
operating and financial policies. As a general rule,  
the Group is assumed to have significant influence  
if it holds 20% or more of the entity’s voting power.  
No longer included  
in 2017  
1
11  
12  
Included at  
3
1 December 2017  
21  
187  
208  
Joint operations and joint ventures are forms of joint  
arrangements. Such an arrangement exists when a  
BMW Group entity jointly carries out activities with  
a third party on the basis of a contractual agreement.  
In the case of a joint operation, the parties that have  
joint control of the arrangement have rights to the  
assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating  
to the arrangement. Assets, liabilities, revenues  
and expenses of a joint operation are recognised  
proportionately in the Group Financial Statements  
on the basis of the BMW Group entity’s rights and  
obligations (proportionate consolidation). Together  
with SGL Carbon SE, companies of the BMW Group  
are party to joint operations for the manufacture of  
carbon fibres and carbon fibre fabrics used in vehicle  
production. In November 2017, an agreement was  
signed with SGL Carbon SE concerning that entity’s  
1
28  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
03  
are measured on initial recognition using the exchange  
rate prevailing at the date of first-time recognition.  
At the end of the reporting period, foreign currency  
receivables and payables are measured using the clos-  
ing exchange rate. The resulting unrealised gains and  
losses, as well as realised gains and losses arising on  
settlement, are recognised in the income statement.  
Foreign currency translation and measurement  
The financial statements of consolidated companies  
which are presented in a foreign currency are trans-  
lated using the modified closing rate method. Under  
this method, assets and liabilities are translated at the  
closing exchange rate, whilst income and expenses are  
translated at the average exchange rate. Differences  
arising on foreign currency translation are presented  
in “Accumulated other equity”.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
The exchange rates of currencies which have a material  
impact on the Group Financial Statements were as  
follows:  
In the single entity accounts of BMWAG and its sub-  
sidiaries, foreign currency receivables and payables  
Closing rate  
31.12. 2017  
Average rate  
2017  
1
Euro =  
31.12. 2016  
2016  
US Dollar  
1.20  
0.89  
1.06  
0.85  
1.13  
0.88  
7.63  
1.11  
0.82  
British Pound  
Chinese Renminbi  
Japanese Yen  
Korean Won  
7.80  
7.34  
7.35  
134.93  
1,281.41  
123.34  
1,274.34  
126.68  
1,276.47  
120.25  
1,283.86  
0
4
Revenues relating to operating lease arrangements  
are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease  
term. Interest income arising on finance leases and  
on retail customerꢀ/ꢀdealership financing is recognised  
using the effective interest method.  
Accounting policies; assumptions, judgements  
and estimations  
Revenues from the sale of products and services are  
recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership  
are transferred to the dealership or customer, provided  
that the amount of revenue can be measured reliably,  
it is probable that the economic benefits associated  
with the transaction will flow to the entity and costs  
incurred or to be incurred in respect of the sale can  
be measured reliably. Revenues are stated net of set-  
tlement discount, bonuses and rebates.  
Public sector grants are not recognised until there is  
reasonable assurance that the conditions attaching to  
them have been complied with and the grants will be  
received. The resulting income is recognised in cost of  
sales over the same periods as the costs occur which  
they are intended to compensate.  
If the sale of products includes a determinable amount  
for services (“multiple-component contracts”), the  
related revenues are deferred and recognised as  
income over the service period. Amounts are normally  
recognised as income by reference to the pattern of  
related expenditure.  
Earnings per share are calculated as follows: Basic  
earnings per share are calculated for common and  
preferred stock by dividing the net profit after minority  
interest, as attributable to each category of stock, by the  
average number of outstanding shares. The net profit  
is accordingly allocated to the different categories  
of stock. The portion of the Group net profit for the  
year which is not being distributed is allocated to each  
category of stock based on the number of outstanding  
shares. Profits available for distribution are determined  
directly on the basis of the dividend resolutions passed  
for common and preferred stock. Diluted earnings  
per share are calculated and separately disclosed in  
accordance with IAS 33.  
Profits arising on the sale of vehicles for which a  
Group company retains a repurchase commitment  
(
buyback agreements) are not recognised immediately.  
The difference between the sales and buyback price is  
accounted for as deferred income and recognised in  
instalments as revenue over the contract term.  
1
29  
Purchased and internally-generated intangible assets  
are recognised as assets where it is probable that the  
use of the asset will generate future economic benefits  
and where the costs of the asset can be determined  
reliably. Such assets are measured at acquisition  
or manufacturing cost, as a general rule without  
borrowing costs, and, to the extent that they have  
a finite useful life, amortised on a straight-line basis  
over their estimated useful lives. With the exception  
of capitalised development costs, intangible assets  
are amortised as a general rule over their estimated  
useful lives of between three and 20 years.  
If the reason for a previously recognised impairment  
loss no longer exists, the impairment loss is reversed  
up to the level of the recoverable amount, but no high-  
er than the amortised acquisition or manufacturing  
cost. Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed.  
As part of the assessment of recoverability, it is general-  
ly necessary to apply estimations and assumptions – in  
particular regarding future cash inflows and outflows  
and the length of the forecast period – which could  
differ from actual amounts. Actual amounts may differ  
from the assumptions and estimations used if business  
conditions develop differently to the expectations.  
Development costs for vehicle, module and architecture  
projects are capitalised at manufacturing cost, to the  
extent that attributable costs (including develop-  
ment-related overhead costs) can be measured reliably  
and both technical feasibility and successful marketing  
are assured. It must also be sufficiently probable that  
the development expenditure will generate future  
economic benefits. Capitalised development costs are  
amortised on a straight-line basis following the start  
of production over the estimated product life cycle  
The BMW Group determines the value in use on  
the basis of a present value calculation. Cash flows  
used for this calculation are derived from long-term  
forecasts approved by management. These forecasts  
are based on detailed forecasts drawn up at the oper-  
ational level and, with a planning period of six years,  
correspond roughly to the typical product life cycle of  
vehicle projects. For the purposes of calculating cash  
flows beyond the planning period, a residual value  
is assumed which does not take growth into account.  
Forecasting assumptions are continually adjusted to  
current information and regularly compared with  
external sources. The assumptions used take account  
in particular of expectations of the profitability of the  
product portfolio, future market share development,  
macroeconomic developments (such as currency,  
interest rate and raw materials prices) as well as the  
legal environment and past experience.  
(
usually five to 12 years).  
Goodwill arises on first-time consolidation of an  
acquired business when the cost of acquisition exceeds  
the Group’s share of the net fair value of the assets  
identified during the acquisition, liabilities and con-  
tingent liabilities.  
If there is any indication of impairment of intangible  
assets, or if an annual impairment test is required  
(
i.ꢀe. intangible assets with an indefinite useful life,  
intangible assets during the development phase and  
goodwill), an impairment test is performed. Each  
individual asset is tested separately unless the cash  
flows generated by the asset are not sufficiently inde-  
pendent from the cash flows generated by other assets  
or other groups of assets. In this case, impairment is  
tested at the level of a cash-generating unit.  
For the purpose of the impairment test, the carrying  
amount of an asset (or a cash-generating unit) is com-  
pared with the recoverable amount. The first step of  
the impairment test is to determine the value in use.  
If the value in use is lower than the carrying amount,  
the next step is to determine the fair value less costs to  
sell and compare the amount so determined with the  
asset’s carrying amount. If the fair value is lower than  
the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised,  
reducing the carrying amount to the higher of the  
asset’s value in use or fair value less selling cost.  
1
30  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Amounts are discounted on the basis of a market-re-  
lated cost of capital rate. Impairment tests for the  
Automotive and Motorcycles cash-generating units  
are performed using a risk-adjusted pre-tax cost of  
capital (WACC). In the case of the Financial Services  
cash-generating unit, a pre-tax cost of equity capital  
is used, as is customary in the sector. The following  
discount factors were applied:  
For machinery used in multiple-shift operations,  
depreciation rates are increased to account for the  
additional utilisation. If there is any indication of  
impairment of property, plant and equipment, an  
impairment test is performed as described above for  
intangible assets.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
With respect to lease arrangements of the BMW Group,  
use of judgement is required, in particular with regard  
to the transfer of economic ownership of a leased item.  
in %  
2017  
2016  
Leased items of property, plant and equipment whose  
economic ownership is attributed to the BMW Group  
Automotive  
12.0  
12.0  
13.4  
12.0  
12.0  
13.4  
Motorcycles  
(
finance leases) are measured on initial recognition  
Financial Services  
at fair value or, if lower, at the net present value of  
minimum lease payments. The assets are depreciated  
using the straight-line method over their estimated  
useful lives or, if shorter, over the contractual lease  
period. The obligations for future lease payments are  
recognised at their net present value in other financial  
liabilities.  
The risk-adjusted discount rate, calculated using a  
CAPM model, takes into account specific peer-group  
information relating to beta-factors, capital structure  
data and borrowing costs. In conjunction with the  
impairment tests for cash-generating units, sensitivity  
analyses are performed for the main assumptions, in  
order to rule out that possible changes to the assump-  
tions used to determine the recoverable amount would  
result in the requirement to recognise an impairment  
loss.  
Group products recognised by BMW Group entities as  
leased products under operating leases are measured at  
manufacturing cost, including any initial direct costs.  
All other leased products are measured at acquisition  
cost. All leased products are depreciated over the peri-  
od of the lease using the straight-line method down to  
their expected residual value. Where the recoverable  
amount of a lease exceeds the asset’s carrying amount,  
changes in residual value expectations are recognised  
by adjusting scheduled depreciation prospectively  
over the remaining term of the lease. If the recoverable  
amount is lower than the asset’s carrying amount, an  
impairment loss is recognised for the shortfall. A test  
is carried out at each balance sheet date to determine  
whether an impairment loss recognised in prior years  
no longer exists or has decreased. In such cases, the  
carrying amount of the asset is increased to the recov-  
erable amount, at maximum up to the amount of the  
asset’s amortised cost.  
Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at  
acquisition or manufacturing cost less accumulated  
depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The  
cost of internally constructed plant and equipment  
comprises all costs which are directly attributable  
to the manufacturing process as well as an appro-  
priate proportion of production-related overheads.  
This includes production-related depreciation and  
amortisation as well as an appropriate proportion  
of administrative and social costs. Financing costs  
are not included in acquisition or manufacturing cost  
unless they are directly attributable to the asset. The  
carrying amount of items of depreciable property,  
plant and equipment is written down according to  
scheduled usage-based depreciation – as a general  
rule on a straight-line basis – over the useful lives of  
the assets. Depreciation is recorded as an expense in  
the income statement.  
Assumptions and estimations are required regarding  
future residual values, since these represent a sig-  
nificant part of future cash inflows. Relevant factors  
to be considered include the trend in market prices  
and demand on the pre-owned vehicle market. The  
assumptions are based on internally available histor-  
ical and current market data as well as on forecasts of  
external institutions. Furthermore, assumptions are  
regularly validated by comparison with external data.  
The following useful lives are applied throughout the  
BMW Group:  
in years  
Factory and office buildings, residential buildings, fixed  
installations in buildings and outside facilities  
8 to 50  
3 to 21  
2 to 25  
Plant and machinery  
Other equipment, factory and office equipment  
1
31  
Investments accounted for using the equity method are rec-  
ognised at the Group’s share of their revalued equity  
capital, provided no impairment has been recognised.  
Assessments are regularly made as to whether mate-  
rial objective evidence indicates that a financial asset  
or portfolio of assets is impaired. For the purposes  
of assessing possible impairment, the BMW Group  
takes account of all available information, such as  
market conditions and prices as well as the duration  
and magnitude of the decline in value. In the case of  
equity instruments that are listed on a stock market,  
it is assumed that an item is impaired if, for example,  
its fair value falls below acquisition cost significantly  
(more than 20%) or on a prolonged basis (more than  
5% over nine months).  
Financial assets reported as other investments are recog-  
nised and measured at their fair value in accordance  
with the requirements of IAS 39. If this value is not  
available or cannot be determined reliably, they are  
measured at cost. Subsidiaries, joint arrangements  
and associated companies included in other invest-  
ments, but which are not material to the BMW Group,  
do not fall within the scope of IAS 39.  
A financial instrument is a contract that gives rise to a  
financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or  
equity instrument of another entity. Financial assets  
are accounted for on the basis of the settlement date.  
Receivables from sales financing are measured at amor-  
tised cost using the effective interest rate method. This  
also includes receivables arising on vehicle finance  
leases. Impairment allowances are recognised both on  
a specific-item and a group basis. For these purposes,  
the main factors taken into consideration are past  
experience and current market data (such as the level  
of arrears), as well as information on rating classes  
and scoring. Consideration is also given to current  
market data and macroeconomic conditions that could  
have an impact on the general creditworthiness of  
customers as well as the overall market environment  
for pre-owned vehicles. The market value of vehicles  
which serve as collateral changes when prices on pre-  
owned vehicle markets fall. Specific allowances are  
recognised if there is objective evidence of impairment.  
In the retail credit financing and leasing business,  
the existence of overdue balances or the incidence  
of similar events in the past are examples of such  
evidence. In the event of overdue receivables, allow-  
ances are always recognised individually based on  
the duration of the arrears. In the case of dealership  
financing receivables, the allocation to a correspond-  
ing rating category also represents objective evidence  
of impairment. If no objective evidence of impairment  
exists, allowances are recognised using a portfolio  
approach based on similar groups of assets. Company-  
specific loss probabilities and loss ratios, derived from  
historical data, are used to measure allowances on  
similar groups of assets.  
On initial recognition, financial assets are measured  
at their fair value. Transaction costs are included  
unless the financial assets are allocated to the category  
financial assets measured at fair value through profit  
or loss”.  
The Group’s financial assets are allocated to either  
cash funds or to the categories “loans and receivables”,  
available-for-sale”, “held for trading” or “fair value  
option”.  
The fair value option is applied by the BMW Group  
for non-current marketable securities with embed-  
ded derivatives and non-current loans receivable  
from third parties. The related gains and losses are  
presented in the income statement line item Other  
financial result. Related interest income and expenses  
are presented in net interest result.  
Subsequent to initial recognition, financial assets  
which are available-for-sale or held-for-trading or for  
which the fair value option is applied, are measured at  
their fair value. The fair values shown are determined  
on the basis of market information available at the  
balance sheet date, prices quoted by the contract  
partners or appropriate measurement methods, e.ꢀg.  
discounted cash flow models.  
Those non-derivative financial assets that are not  
classified as “loans and receivables” or “held-to-  
maturity investments” or as items measured “at  
fair value through profit and loss” are classified as  
available-for-sale”. Financial assets that are classified  
as loans and receivables are measured at amortised  
cost using the effective interest method. All financial  
assets for which published price quotations in an active  
market are not available and whose fair value cannot  
be determined reliably are measured at cost.  
1
32  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The recognition of allowances on receivables relating  
to the industrial business is also based, as far as pos-  
sible, on the same procedures applied in the financial  
services business. The impairment allowances are  
recorded in separate accounts and are derecognised  
at the same time the corresponding written-down  
receivables are derecognised.  
be applied, the gains or losses arising on the fair value  
measurement of derivative financial instruments are  
recognised in the income statement.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
Deferred taxes are recognised on all temporary dif-  
ferences between the tax and accounting bases of  
assets and liabilities and on consolidation procedures.  
The recoverability of deferred tax assets is assessed  
at each balance sheet date on the basis of planned  
taxable income in future financial years. If with a  
probability of more than 50 percent future tax ben-  
efits will not be realised, either in part or in total, a  
valuation allowance is recognised on the deferred tax  
assets. The calculation of deferred tax assets requires  
assumptions to be made with regard to the level of  
future taxable income and the timing of recovery of  
deferred tax assets. These assumptions take account of  
forecast operating results and the impact on earnings  
of the reversal of taxable temporary differences. Since  
future business developments cannot be predicted  
with certainty and to an extent cannot be influenced  
by the BMW Group, the measurement of deferred tax  
assets is subject to uncertainty. Deferred taxes are cal-  
culated on the basis of tax rates which are applicable or  
expected to apply in the relevant national jurisdictions  
when the amounts are recovered.  
Derivative financial instruments are used within the  
BMW Group for hedging purposes in order to reduce  
currency, interest rate, fair value and market price  
risks arising from operating activities and the relat-  
ed financing requirements. All derivative financial  
instruments are measured at their fair value. The  
fair values of derivative financial instruments are  
determined using measurement models and are  
therefore subject to the risk that they could differ  
from realisable market prices on disposal. Observ-  
able financial market price spreads are taken into  
account in the measurement of derivative financial  
instruments. The supply of data for the model used  
to calculate fair values also takes account of tenor  
and currency basis spreads.  
In addition, the Group’s own credit risk and that of  
counterparties is taken into account on the basis of  
credit default swap values for market contracts with  
matching terms. The BMW Group applies the option  
of measuring the credit risk for a group of financial  
assets and financial liabilities on the basis of the net  
exposure of long and short positions. Portfolio-based  
value adjustments to the individual financial assets  
and financial liabilities are allocated using the relative  
fair value approach (net method).  
Current income taxes are calculated within the  
BMW Group on the basis of tax legislation applicable  
in the relevant countries. To the extent that judgement  
was necessary to determine the treatment and amount  
of tax items presented in the financial statements,  
there is in principle a possibility that local tax author-  
ities may take a different position.  
Where hedge accounting is applied, changes in fair val-  
ue are recognised in the income statement or in other  
comprehensive income as a component of accumulat-  
ed other equity, depending on whether the hedging  
relationship is classified as a fair value hedge or a  
cash flow hedge. In the case of a fair value hedge, the  
results of the fair value measurement of the derivative  
financial instruments and the related hedged items  
are recognised in the income statement. Fair value  
hedges are mainly used to hedge the market prices of  
bonds, other financial liabilities and receivables from  
sales financing. In the case of a cash flow hedge, the  
effective portion of the fair value gain or loss on the  
derivative financial instrument is recognised directly  
in accumulated other equity. The ineffective portion of  
the fair value gain or loss is recognised in the income  
statement. Amounts recorded in accumulated other  
equity are recognised in the income statement when  
the hedged item or external revenue item is recognised  
in the income statement. If, contrary to the usual prac-  
tice within the BMW Group, hedge accounting cannot  
1
33  
Inventories of raw materials, supplies and goods for  
resale are stated at the lower of average acquisition  
cost and net realisable value.  
In the case of funded plans, the pension obligation is  
offset against plan assets measured at their fair value.  
If the plan assets exceed the pension obligation, the  
surplus is tested for recoverability. In the event that  
the BMW Group has a right of reimbursement or a  
right to reduce future contributions, it reports an asset  
(within Other financial assets), measured on the basis  
of the present value of the future economic benefits  
attached to the plan assets. For funded plans, in cases  
where the obligation exceeds plan assets, a liability is  
recognised under pension provisions.  
Work in progress and finished goods are stated at  
the lower of manufacturing cost and net realisable  
value. Manufacturing cost comprises all costs which  
are directly attributable to the manufacturing process  
as well as an appropriate proportion of production-  
related overheads. This includes production-related  
depreciation and amortisation and an appropriate  
proportion of administrative and social costs. Financ-  
ing costs are not included in the acquisition or man-  
ufacturing cost of inventories.  
The calculation of the amount of the provision requires  
assumptions to be made with regard to discount rates,  
salary trends, employee fluctuation and the life expec-  
tancy of employees. Discount rates are determined by  
reference to market yields at the end of the reporting  
period on high quality fixed-interest corporate bonds.  
The salary trend relates to the expected future rate of  
salary increase which is estimated annually based on  
inflation and the career development of employees  
within the Group.  
Cash and cash equivalents comprise mainly cash on hand  
and cash at bank with an original term of up to three  
months, and are measured at face value.  
Assets held for sale and disposal groups held for sale  
are presented separately in the balance sheet in  
accordance with IFRS 5 if the carrying amount of the  
relevant assets will be recovered principally through  
a sale transaction rather than through continuing  
use. This applies only in cases in which the assets  
can be sold immediately in their present condition,  
the sale is expected to be completed within one year  
from the date of classification and the sale is highly  
probable. At the date of classification, property, plant  
and equipment, intangible assets and disposal groups  
which are being held for sale are measured at the  
lower of their carrying amount and their fair value  
less costs to sell, and are no longer subject to sched-  
uled depreciationꢀ/ꢀamortisation. This does not apply,  
however, to items within the disposal group which  
are not covered by the measurement rules contained  
in IFRS 5. At the same time, liabilities directly related  
to the sale are presented separately on the equity and  
liabilities side of the balance sheet as Liabilities in  
conjunction with assets held for sale.  
Net interest expense on the net defined benefit lia-  
bility and net interest income on net defined benefit  
assets are presented separately within the financial  
result. All other costs relating to allocations to pension  
provisions are allocated to costs by function in the  
income statement.  
Past service cost arises when a BMW Group compa-  
ny introduces a defined benefit plan or changes the  
benefits payable under an existing plan. This cost  
is recognised immediately in the income statement.  
Similarly, gains and losses arising on the settlement  
of a defined benefit plan are recognised immediately  
in the income statement.  
Remeasurement of the net liability can result from  
changes in the present value of the defined benefit  
obligation, the fair value of the plan assets or the  
asset ceiling. Remeasurement can result, amongst  
others, from changes in financial and demographic  
parameters, as well as changes following the portfolio  
development. Remeasurements are recognised imme-  
diately in other comprehensive income and hence  
directly in equity (within revenue reserves).  
Provisions for pensions are measured using the pro-  
jected unit credit method. Under this method, not  
only obligations relating to known vested benefits  
at the reporting date are recognised, but also the  
effect of future expected increases in pensions and  
salaries. The calculation is based on independent  
actuarial valuations which take into account relevant  
biometric factors.  
1
34  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Other provisions are recognised when the BMW Group  
has a present legal or factual obligation towards a  
third party arising from past events, the settlement  
of which is probable, and when the amount of the  
obligation can be reliably estimated. Provisions with  
a remaining term of more than one year are measured  
at their net present value.  
Financial liabilities are measured on first-time recog-  
nition at their fair value. Transaction costs are also  
taken into account, except in the case of financial  
liabilities allocated to the category “measured at fair  
value through profit or loss”. Subsequent to initial  
recognition, liabilities are – with the exception of  
derivative financial instruments – measured at amor-  
tised cost using the effective interest method.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
The measurement of provisions for statutory and non-  
statutory warranty obligations (statutory, contractual and  
voluntary) involves estimations. In addition to manu-  
facturer warranties prescribed by law, the BMW Group  
offers various categories of guarantee depending on  
the product and sales market. These provisions are  
recognised when the risks and rewards of ownership  
of the goods are transferred to the dealership or  
retail customer or when a new category of warranty  
is introduced. With respect to the level of the provi-  
sion, estimations are made in particular based on past  
experience of damage claims and processes. Future  
potential repair costs and price increases per product  
and market are also taken into account. Specific and  
expected warranty items, such as vehicle recalls, are  
also included. Provisions for warranties for all compa-  
nies of the BMW Group are adjusted regularly to take  
account of new information, with the impact of any  
changes recognised in the income statement. Similar  
estimates are made in conjunction with the measure-  
ment of expected reimbursement claims, which are  
presented as separate assets.  
Related party disclosures comprise information on  
associated companies, joint ventures and non-con-  
solidated subsidiaries as well as individuals which  
have the ability to exercise a controlling or significant  
influence over the financial and operating policies  
of the BMW Group. This includes all persons in key  
positions of the Company, as well as close members  
of their families or intermediary entities. In the case  
of the BMW Group, this also applies to members of  
the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board.  
Details relating to these individuals and entities are  
see provided in note 38 and in the list of investments  
notes 38  
and 44  
disclosed in note 44.  
Share-based remuneration programmes which are expect-  
ed to be settled in shares are measured at their fair  
value at grant date. The related expense is recognised  
as personnel expense in the income statement over  
the vesting period and offset against capital reserves.  
Share-based remuneration programmes expected to  
be settled in cash are revalued to their fair value at  
each balance sheet date between the grant date and  
the settlement date and on the settlement date itself.  
The expense is recognised as personnel expense in  
the income statement over the vesting period and  
presented in the balance sheet as a provision.  
The recognition of provisions for litigation and liability  
risks necessitates making assumptions in order to  
determine the probability of liability, the amount  
of claim and the duration of the legal dispute. The  
assumptions made, especially the assumption about  
the outcome of legal proceedings, are subject to a  
high degree of uncertainty. The appropriateness of  
assumptions is regularly reviewed, based on assess-  
ments undertaken both by management and external  
experts, such as lawyers. If new developments arise  
in the future that result in a different assessment,  
provisions are adjusted accordingly.  
The share-based remuneration programme for Board  
of Management members and senior heads of depart-  
ment entitles BMWAG to elect whether to settle its  
commitments in cash or with shares of BMWAG  
common stock. Based on the decision to settle in cash,  
the share-based remuneration programmes for Board  
of Management members and senior heads of depart-  
ment are accounted for as cash-settled, share-based  
remuneration programmes. Further information on  
share-based remuneration programmes is provided  
If the recognition and measurement criteria relevant  
for provisions are not fulfilled and the outflow of  
resources on fulfilment is not unlikely, the potential  
obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability.  
see in note 39.  
note 39  
1
35  
0
5
Financial reporting rules  
(
a) Standards and Revised Standards significant for  
the bMW Group applied for the first time in the  
financial year 2017:  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
IASB  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
EU  
Date of  
issue by  
IASB  
Standard / Interpretation  
IAS 7  
Disclosures Initiative – Reconciliation of Liabilities From Financing Activities  
Amendments to IAS 7)  
29. 1. 2016  
1. 1. 2017  
1. 1. 2017  
(
The amendments to IAS 7 (Statement of Cash Flows)  
require a reconciliation between the opening and  
closing balances of liabilities arising from financing  
activities, for which cash inflows and outflows are  
presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. The rec-  
see onciliation is presented in note 33.  
note 33  
(
b) Financial reporting pronouncements issued by  
the IASb that are significant for the bMW Group,  
but have not yet been applied:  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
IASB  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
EU  
Date of  
issue by  
IASB  
Standard/Interpretation  
IFRS 9  
Financial Instruments  
24. 7. 2014  
28. 5. 2014  
1.1. 2018  
1.1. 2018  
1.1. 2018  
1.1. 2018  
IFRS 15  
Revenue from Contracts with Customers  
1
1
1. 9. 2015  
2. 4. 2016  
IFRS 16  
Leases  
13.1. 2016  
1.1. 2019  
1.1. 2019  
IFRS 9 (Financial Instruments) contains new require-  
ments for the classification and measurement of  
financial assets that are based on the reporting entity’s  
business model for the management of these financial  
instruments and the characteristics of its contractual  
cash flows (“Solely Payments of Principal and Inter-  
est” (SPPI) criterion). IFRS 9 also gives rise to a new  
model for determining impairment, which is based on  
expected credit losses. To date, impairments have been  
recognised when corresponding objective evidence  
existed. Furthermore, the requirements for hedge  
accounting were revised with the aim of bringing  
the accounting treatment more into line with risk  
management activities.  
prospectively, with few exceptions. The BMW Group  
will apply the exemption contained in IFRS 9, allowing  
unadjusted comparative information for prior periods.  
The new requirements for the classification and  
measurement of financial assets and financial lia-  
bilities result in a number of cases to a change in  
measurement category for the BMW Group. In future,  
changes in the value of equity instruments falling  
within the scope of IFRS 9 which are held at the date  
of adoption, will be recognised through the income  
statement. Due to the change in the measurement  
category, an increase in the revenue reserves amount-  
ing to approximately €ꢀ78 million is recognised at the  
date of adoption of the new rules, net of the deferred  
The BMW Group will apply IFRS 9 for the first time  
tax effect of approximately €ꢀ1 million. This includes  
with effect from  
1
January 2018. An exception is made  
approximately €76 million for equity instruments  
which gives rise to a reduction in accumulated other  
equity of the same amount.  
in the accounting treatment of fair value hedging of  
a portfolio against interest rate risk, for which the  
requirements of IAS 39 will continue to be applied.  
IFRS 9 requires retrospective application in the areas  
of classification and measurement, while the new  
rules for hedge accounting are required to be applied  
1
36  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Implementation of the new impairment model has  
required substantial modifications to existing process-  
es and systems, especially for the Financial Services  
segment. Receivables from sales financing have been  
measured using the three-stage model stipulated by  
IFRS 9. Operating lease receivables represent an  
exception, in which the simplified approach has  
been applied. For these receivables, expected losses  
are calculated for the remaining term. The transfer  
criteria for the three-stage impairment model is based  
in principle on a comparison of default probabilities  
pursuant to the definitions used in the internal risk  
management system for each financial instrument.  
In addition, qualitative indicators are taken into  
account in the transfer criteria, such as overdue period  
or significant changes in the internal credit rating.  
Impairment allowances are calculated in a central  
application. The risk models used were determined  
on the basis of internal historical default information  
and macroeconomic factors.  
At the date of the first-time application, the new  
accounting requirements for interest rate hedging  
instruments will result in an increase in revenue  
reserves of approximately €ꢀ18 million, net of deferred  
tax effects of approximately €ꢀ6 million.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
The new Standard IFRS 15 (Revenue from Contracts  
with Customers) is aimed to assimilate the numerous  
existing requirements and interpretations relating to  
revenue recognition into a single Standard. The new  
Standard also stipulates uniform revenue recognition  
principles for all sectors and all categories.  
The Standard will be applied retrospectively in its  
entirety with effect from 1 January 2018, meaning that  
all comparative information for prior periods will be  
adjusted in accordance with IFRS 15. The exemption  
provision, allowing contracts fulfilled prior to 1 Janu-  
ary 2017 not to be newly assessed in accordance with  
IFRS 15, has been applied.  
For trade receivables, the simplified approach has  
been applied. The parameters used to calculate impair-  
ment allowances are determined specifically for each  
portfolio.  
The new Standard is based on a five-step model, which  
sets out the rules for revenue from contracts with  
customers. Revenues are required to be recognised  
either over time or at a specific point in time.  
Overall, the introduction of the new impairment  
model across the BMW Group with effect from  
A major difference to the previous Standard is the  
increased scope of discretion for estimates and the  
introduction of thresholds, thus influencing the  
amount and timing of revenue recognition.  
1
January 2018 results in a reduction in impairment  
allowances and an increase in revenue reserves of  
approximately €ꢀ82 million net of deferred tax effects  
of approximately €ꢀ31 million. Of this amount, approx-  
imately €ꢀ86 million relates to receivables from sales  
financing net of deferred tax effects of approximately  
As a result of the accounting treatment of buyback  
arrangements and rights of return for sales of vehicles  
which the Financial Services segment will subsequently  
lease to customers, intragroup eliminations within  
the BMW Group will be subject to earlier recognition.  
The application of IFRS 15 results in a retrospective  
decrease in Group revenue reserves as at 1 Janu-  
ary 2017 amounting to approximately €ꢀ499 million,  
net of deferred taxes of approximately €ꢀ239 million  
(1 January 2018: reduction of revenue reserves by  
approximately €553 million, net of deferred taxes of  
approximately €ꢀ192 million). No significant impact  
is expected to arise during the period of first-time  
application.  
33 million.  
With regard to the accounting treatment of hedging  
relationships, it is expected that it will be possible in  
future to apply hedge accounting rules to the majority  
of commodity hedging instruments. Moreover, chang-  
es in the time value of options are required to be  
recognised as “cost of hedging” in accumulated other  
equity during the hedging period. These changes are  
expected to result in a significant reduction in the  
volatility of amounts reported for financial result and  
Group earnings.  
In future, costs arising in conjunction with hedging  
will be reported in total in the income statement as  
part of the profit before financial result (EBIT). As the  
cost of options to hedge foreign currency exposures  
is currently reported in the financial result, this will  
have a negative impact on the Automotive segment’s  
EBIT. The scale of the impact will depend on the future  
volume of option contracts. The volume of option  
contracts at 31 December 2017 is not material.  
1
37  
In the case of multi-component contracts with variable  
consideration components, changes in the allocation  
of transaction prices will result for the Automotive  
segment in higher amounts being recognised for  
vehicle sales and a lower level of amounts deferred  
for service contracts. The shift in the timing of rev-  
enue recognition results in a retrospective increase  
in both revenues and cost of sales. For the financial  
year 2017, the amount subject to changed accounting  
presentation in the Automotive segment amounts  
to approximately €ꢀ2.9 billion, and is insignificant  
for the Group.  
As a result of the adjustments described above, the  
Automotive segment’s EBIT margin for 2017 will  
improve by 0.3 percentage points to 9.2 %.  
in Group revenue reserves as at  
1 January 2017 of  
approximately €ꢀ89 million, net of deferred taxes of  
approximately €ꢀ38 million (1 January 2018: increase  
in revenue reserves of approximately €ꢀ112 million, net  
of deferred taxes of approximately €ꢀ42 million). The  
shift is not expected to have a significant impact on  
the income statement during the period of first-time  
application.  
A different accounting treatment may be required if  
buyback arrangements are in place with customers,  
resulting in a shift in the timing of revenue recognition.  
The resulting impact is not expected to be significant.  
Buyback arrangements between the Automotive and  
Financial Services segments are not reflected in the  
internal management system or reporting and there-  
fore, in accordance with IFRS 8, do not result in any  
changes in the presentation of segment information.  
In accordance with IFRS 15, costs relating to sales  
promotion measures in the Automotive segment,  
such as sales support or residual value subsidies are  
to be treated as variable components of consideration  
and will therefore in future be recognised as revenue  
deductions. A part of these costs have been reported  
to date within cost of sales. The change in presenta-  
tion in the income statement will result in a decrease  
The following table shows a summary of the estimated  
effect on revenue reserves of the first-time application  
of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15.  
Impact on  
Impact on  
Impact on  
revenue reserves  
net profit  
revenue reserves  
in € million  
Amendment  
1.1. 2017  
2017  
1.1. 2018  
Segment  
IFRS 15  
IFRS 15  
Elimination of buyback arrangements and rights  
– 499  
– 54  
– 553  
Eliminations  
Automotive  
Change in transaction prices relating to  
multi-component contracts1  
89  
23  
112  
78  
IFRS 9  
IFRS 9  
IFRS 9  
Change in measurement category  
Introduction of impairment model  
Hedge accounting  
Automotive/Other  
Automotive/Financial Services  
Financial Services/Other  
82  
18  
Total impact of first-time application  
– 410  
– 312  
– 263  
1
Includes the effect of the adjustment relating to entities accounted for using the equity method.  
Includes effects relating to the reduction of the US federal corporate tax rate from 35 % to 21 % with effect from 1 January 2018. The pre-tax profit impact amounts to € + 20 million.  
2
1
38  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The new Standard IFRS 16 (Leases) sets out a new  
approach to accounting for leases by lessees. While  
under IAS 17, the accounting treatment of a lease was  
determined on the basis of the transfer of risks and  
rewards incidental to ownership of the asset, in the  
future, all leases in general are to be accounted for by  
the lessee in a similar way to finance leases.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
The BMW Group will use the grandfather clause  
available for existing leases and apply the available  
exemptions regarding the recognition of short-  
term leases and low value leasing assets. The new  
Standard will be applied for the first time using the  
modified retrospective method. Intragroup leasing  
arrangements are not reflected in the internal man-  
agement system or in internal reporting pursuant  
to IFRS 16 and therefore, in accordance with IFRS 8,  
do not result in any changes in the presentation of  
segment information. Early adoption of IFRS 16 is  
not planned.  
The accounting requirements for lessors, particularly  
in relation to the requirement to classify leases, will  
remain largely unchanged.  
The impact on the BMW Group’s results of operations,  
financial position and net assets is currently being  
analysed as part of a Group-wide implementation  
project. A reliable quantitative measurement of the  
impact is not possible at present, in particular because  
the compilation and assessment of contracts across the  
Group has not yet been completed. The BMW Group  
expects a slight increase in the balance sheet total and  
the result before financial result, as well as a slight  
improvement in the net cash flow from operating  
activities and a slight deterioration in the net cash  
flow from financing activities.  
Other financial reporting standards issued by the IASB  
and not yet applied are not expected to have a signif-  
icant impact on the BMW Group Financial Statements.  
1
39  
NOTES TO THE INCOME  
STATEMENT  
Research and development expenditure was as follows:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Research and development expenses  
Amortisation  
4,920  
4,294  
–1,236  
–1,222  
New expenditure for capitalised  
development costs  
2,424  
6,108  
2,092  
0
6
Total research and development  
expenditure  
Revenues  
5,164  
Revenues by activity comprise the following:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
0
8
Selling and administrative expenses  
Selling expenses amounted to €ꢀ 167 million (2016  
6,030 million) and comprise mainly marketing,  
Sales of products and related goods  
71,443  
68,681  
6
,
:
Sales of products previously  
leased to customers  
10,208  
9,816  
3,720  
3,491  
98,678  
9,258  
9,507  
advertising and sales personnel costs.  
Income from lease instalments  
Interest income on loan financing  
Other income  
3,455  
Administrative expenses amounted to €ꢀ3,393 million  
3,262  
(
2016: €ꢀ3,128 million) and relate mainly to personnel  
Revenues  
94,163  
and IT costs.  
An analysis of revenues by segment and region is  
shown in the segment information in note 43.  
see  
note 43  
09  
Other operating income and expenses  
Other operating income and expenses comprise the  
following items:  
0
7
Cost of sales  
Cost of sales comprises:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Exchange gains  
282  
138  
262  
115  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Income from the reversal of provisions  
Income from the reversal of impairment  
losses and write-downs  
8
80  
51  
46  
Manufacturing costs  
43,877  
22,932  
43,175  
20,723  
Gains on the disposal of assets  
Sundry operating income  
Other operating income  
Cost of sales relating to financial services  
business  
212  
720  
196  
670  
thereof: Interest expense relating  
to financial services business  
1,801  
1,638  
4,294  
Research and development expenses  
4,920  
Exchange losses  
– 246  
– 580  
– 249  
– 303  
Service contracts, telematics and roadside  
assistance  
Expense for additions to provisions  
2,081  
2,041  
2,018  
2,165  
Expense for impairment losses and  
write-downs  
Warranty expenditure  
Other cost of sales  
Cost of sales  
– 29  
– 359  
– 28  
– 267  
– 847  
2,893  
3,067  
Sundry operating expenses  
78,744  
75,442  
Other operating expenses  
–1,214  
Other operating income and expenses  
– 494  
–177  
Cost of sales is reduced by public-sector subsidies  
in the form of reduced taxes on assets and reduced  
consumption-based taxes amounting to €ꢀ61 million  
(
2016: €ꢀ69 million).  
1
40  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Income from the reversal of and expenses for the rec-  
ognition of impairment losses and write-downs relate  
primarily to impairment allowances on receivables.  
12  
Income taxes  
Taxes on income of the BMW Group comprise the  
following:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
The expense for additions to provisions includes liti-  
gation and other legal risks. Income from the reversal  
of provisions includes legal disputes that have been  
resolved.  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Current tax expense  
2,558  
– 609  
– 553  
2,670  
85  
Deferred tax expense (+) /  
deferred tax income (–)  
thereof relating to temporary  
differences  
1
0
80  
Net interest result  
thereof relating to tax loss  
carryforwards and tax credits  
– 56  
5
Income taxes  
1,949  
2,755  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Other interest and similar income  
thereof from subsidiaries:  
201  
9
196  
12  
Current tax expense includes tax income of €ꢀ104 mil-  
lion (2016: €ꢀ174 million) relating to prior periods.  
Interest and similar income  
201  
196  
The tax expense was reduced by €ꢀ91 million (2016  
:
Expense relating to interest impact  
on other long-term provisions  
49 million) as a result of utilising tax loss carryfor-  
– 66  
– 84  
wards, for which deferred assets had not previously  
been recognised and in conjunction with previously  
unrecognised tax credits and temporary differences.  
Net interest expense on the net defined  
benefit liability for pension plans  
– 81  
– 265  
– 2  
– 78  
– 327  
– 4  
Other interest and similar expenses  
thereof subsidiaries:  
The tax expense resulting from the change in the val-  
uation allowance on deferred tax assets relating to tax  
Interest and similar expenses  
– 412  
– 489  
losses available for carryforward and temporary dif  
-
Net interest result  
– 211  
– 293  
ferences amounted to €ꢀ67 million (2016: €ꢀ38 million).  
Deferred taxes are determined on the basis of tax  
rates which are are currently applicable or expected  
to apply in the relevant national jurisdictions when  
the amounts are recovered. After taking account of an  
average municipal trade tax multiplier rate (Hebesatz)  
of 425.0% (2016: 425.0%), the underlying income tax  
rate for Germany was as follows:  
1
1
Other financial result  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Income from investments in subsidiaries  
and participations  
14  
13  
13  
in %  
2017  
2016  
thereof from subsidiaries:  
13  
Impairment losses on investments in  
subsidiaries and participations  
Corporation tax rate  
15.0  
5.5  
15.0  
5.5  
–192  
Solidarity surcharge  
Result on investments  
14  
–179  
Corporation tax rate including solidarity  
surcharge  
15.8  
14.9  
30.7  
15.8  
14.9  
30.7  
Income (+) and expenses (–) from  
financial instruments  
Municipal trade tax rate  
234  
234  
310  
German income tax rate  
Sundry other financial result  
310  
Other financial result  
248  
131  
1
41  
Deferred taxes for non-German entities are calculat-  
ed on the basis of the relevant country-specific tax  
rates. These range in the financial year 2017 between  
US federal corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to  
21.0% with effect from 1 January 2018.  
9
.
0
% and 45  
.
0
% (2016: between 12  
.
5
% and 45  
.
0
%).  
The difference between the expected tax expense  
based on the underlying tax rate for Germany and  
actual tax expense is explained in the following  
reconciliation:  
Changes in tax rates resulted in deferred tax income  
of €ꢀ824 million (2016: €ꢀ70 million). The principal  
reason for this development was the reduction in the  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Profit before tax  
10,655  
30.7 %  
3,271  
9,665  
30.7 %  
2,967  
Tax rate applicable in Germany  
Expected tax expense  
Variances due to different tax rates  
–1,071  
58  
–119  
78  
Tax increases (+) / tax reductions (–) as a result of non-deductible expenses and tax-exempt income  
Tax expense (+) / benefits (–) for prior years  
Other variances  
–104  
– 205  
1,949  
18.3 %  
–174  
3
Actual tax expense  
2,755  
28.5 %  
Effective tax rate  
Variances due to different tax rates were influenced in  
particular by the reduction in the US federal corporate  
income tax rate, which was required to be taken into  
account in the measurement of deferred taxes as of  
Tax income relating to prior years resulted primarily  
from adjustments to income tax receivables and pro-  
visions for prior years.  
3
1 December 2017. This resulted in a reduction in tax  
Other variances comprise various reconciling items,  
including the Group’s share of earnings of companies  
accounted for using the equity method.  
expense of €ꢀ977 million.  
Tax increases as a result of non-deductible expenses  
and tax reductions due to tax-exempt income decreased  
compared to one year earlier. As in the previous year,  
tax increases as a result of non-tax-deductible expenses  
were attributable mainly to the impact of non-recover-  
able withholding taxes and transfer price issues.  
The allocation of deferred tax assets and liabilities to  
balance sheet line items at 31 December is shown in  
the following table:  
Deferred tax assets  
Deferred tax liabilities  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
Intangible assets  
18  
88  
13  
26  
2,593  
195  
2,234  
305  
Property, plant and equipment  
Leased products  
473  
467  
4,655  
10  
6,987  
17  
Other investments  
Sundry other assets  
Tax loss carryforwards and capital losses  
Provisions  
3
3
613  
1,448  
536  
3,629  
2,861  
608  
5,192  
2,431  
3,016  
4,966  
2,760  
3,481  
13,700  
78  
184  
Liabilities  
403  
298  
Eliminations  
691  
797  
1
2,442  
12,254  
13,683  
Valuation allowances on tax loss carryforwards and capital losses  
– 502  
– 485  
–10,888  
2,327  
Netting  
–10,013  
1,927  
–10,013  
2,241  
314  
–10,888  
2,795  
468  
Deferred taxes  
Net  
1
42  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Tax loss carryforwards  for the most part usable with-  
out restriction – amounted to €ꢀ928 million (2016:  
€ꢀ637 million). This includes an amount of €ꢀ548 million  
decreased to €ꢀ1,854 million (2016: €ꢀ1,926 million) due  
to currency factors. As in previous years, deferred tax  
assets recognised on these tax losses – amounting to  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
(2016: €ꢀ464 million), for which a valuation allowance  
of €ꢀ186 million (2016: €ꢀ158 million) was recognised on  
the related deferred tax asset. For entities with tax loss-  
es available for carryforward, a net surplus of deferred  
tax assets over deferred tax liabilities is reported at  
€ꢀ315 million at the end of the reporting period (2016:  
€ꢀ327 million) – were fully written down since they can  
only be utilised against future capital gains.  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
Netting relates to the offset of deferred tax assets and  
liabilities within individual entities or tax groups to  
the extent that they relate to the same tax authorities.  
3
1 December 2017 amounting to €ꢀ131 million (2016:  
90 million). Deferred tax assets are recognised on the  
basis of the management’s assessment that there is  
material evidence that the entities will generate future  
taxable profits, against which deductible temporary  
differences can be offset.  
Deferred taxes recognised directly in equity amounted  
to €ꢀ997 million (2016: €ꢀ1,812 million).  
Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities during  
the reporting period can be summarised as follows:  
Capital losses available for carryforward in the United  
Kingdom which do not relate to ongoing operations  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Deferred taxes at 1 January (assets (–) / liabilities (+))  
468  
– 609  
772  
171  
85  
Deferred tax expense (+) / income (–) recognised through income statement  
Change in deferred taxes recognised directly in equity  
163  
724  
– 561  
49  
thereof relating to fair value gains and losses on financial instruments and marketable securities recognised directly in equity  
thereof relating to the remeasurements of net liabilities for defined benefit pension plans  
Exchange rate impact and other changes  
591  
181  
– 317  
314  
Deferred taxes at 31 December (assets (–) / liabilities (+))  
468  
As a result of currency translation, deferred taxes  
recognised directly in equity in the financial year  
decreased by €ꢀ43 million (2016: €ꢀ29 million).  
The tax returns of BMW Group entities are checked  
regularly by German and foreign tax authorities.  
Taking account of numerous factors – including  
interpretations, commentaries and legal decisions  
relating to the various tax jurisdictions as well as past  
experience – adequate provision has been made, to the  
extent identifiable and probable, for potential future  
tax obligations.  
Deferred taxes are not recognised on retained prof-  
its of €ꢀ42.8 billion (2016: €ꢀ38.7 billion) of foreign  
subsidiaries, as it is intended to invest these profits  
to maintain and expand the business volume of the  
relevant companies. No calculation was made of the  
potential impact of income taxes on the grounds of  
proportionality.  
1
43  
1
3
Earnings per share  
2
017  
2016  
Net profit attributable to the shareholders of BMW AG  
€ million  
8,619.9  
6,862.9  
Profit attributable to common stock  
Profit attributable to preferred stock  
€ million  
€ million  
7,895.9  
724.0  
6,289.2  
573.7  
Average number of common stock shares in circulation  
Average number of preferred stock shares in circulation  
number  
number  
601,995,196  
55,114,290  
601,995,196  
54,809,375  
Basic earnings per share of common stock  
Basic earnings per share of preferred stock  
13.12  
13.14  
10.45  
10.47  
Dividend per share of common stock  
Dividend per share of preferred stock  
4.00*  
4.02*  
3.50  
3.52  
*
Proposal by management.  
Earnings per share of preferred stock are calculated  
on the basis of the number of shares of preferred stock  
entitled to receive a dividend in each of the relevant  
financial years. As in the previous year, diluted earn-  
ings per share correspond to basic earnings per share.  
The average number of employees during the year was:  
2
017  
2016  
Employees  
thereof at  
119,611  
182  
115,842  
204  
proportionately-consolidated entities  
Apprentices and students gaining work  
experience  
1
4
7,913  
7,913  
Personnel expenses  
The income statement includes personnel expenses  
as follows:  
thereof at  
proportionately-consolidated entities  
1
1
Average number of employees  
127,524  
123,755  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
The number of employees at the end of the reporting  
period is disclosed in the Combined Management  
Report.  
Wages and salaries  
10,022  
1,211  
819  
9,581  
1,152  
802  
Pension and welfare expenses  
Social insurance expenses  
Personnel expenses  
12,052  
11,535  
Personnel expenses include €ꢀ54 million (2016:  
61 million) of costs relating to workforce measures.  
The total pension expense for defined contribution  
plans of the BMW Group amounted to €ꢀ105 million  
(
2016: €ꢀ90 million). Employer contributions paid to  
state pension insurance schemes totalled €ꢀ630 million  
2016: €ꢀ607 million).  
(
1
44  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
15  
16  
Fee expense for the Group auditor  
Government grants and government assistance  
Income from asset-related and performance-related  
grants, amounting to €ꢀ30 million (2016: €ꢀ31 million)  
and €ꢀ112 million (2016: €ꢀ126 million) respectively,  
was recognised in the income statement in 2017.  
The fee expense pursuant to §314 (1) no.9 HGB recog-  
nised in the financial year 2017 for the Group auditor  
and its network of audit firms amounted to €ꢀ25 million  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
(
2016: €ꢀ23 million) and consists of the following:  
Notes to the  
Statement of  
Comprehensive  
Income  
These amounts mainly relate to public sector grants  
aimed at the promotion of regional structures as well  
as subsidies received for plant expansions.  
in € million  
2017  
17  
2016*  
Audit of financial statements  
16  
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
5
4
Other attestation services  
4
4
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
3
4
Tax advisory services  
2
2
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
2
Other services  
1
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
1
Fee expense  
25  
23  
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
9
8
*
Prior year figures have been adjusted.  
Services provided by KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungs-  
gesellschaft, Berlin, on behalf of BMWAG and sub-  
sidiaries under its control relate to the audit of the  
financial statements, other attestation services, tax  
advisory services and other services.  
The audit of financial statements comprises mainly the  
audit of the Group financial statements and Company  
financial statements of BMWAG and its subsidiaries,  
and, following the introduction of new regulations,  
all work related thereto, including the review of the  
Group Interim Financial Statements.  
Other attestation services include mainly project-relat-  
ed audits, comfort letters as well as legally prescribed,  
contractually agreed or voluntarily commissioned  
attestation work.  
Tax advisory services were performed particularly in  
conjunction with tax compliance.  
Other services include mainly preparation of studies.  
1
45  
NOTES TO THE STATEMENT  
OF COMPREHENSIVE  
INCOME  
1
7
Disclosures relating to the statement of  
comprehensive income  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
comprises the following:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability for pension plans  
Deferred taxes  
693  
– 218  
475  
–1,858  
529  
Items not expected to be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
–1,329  
Available-for-sale securities  
39  
83  
40  
79  
thereof gains / losses arising in the period under report  
thereof reclassifications to the income statement  
Financial instruments used for hedging purposes  
thereof gains / losses arising in the period under report  
thereof reclassifications to the income statement  
Other comprehensive income from equity accounted investments  
Deferred taxes  
– 44  
– 39  
1,914  
2,017  
–103  
– 30  
2,008  
1,458  
550  
43  
– 597  
–1,171  
155  
– 721  
– 230  
1,140  
Currency translation foreign operations  
Items expected to be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
630  
–189  
Deferred taxes on components of other comprehen-  
sive income are as follows:  
2
017  
2016  
Before  
Deferred  
After  
Before  
Deferred  
After  
in € million  
tax  
taxes  
tax  
tax  
taxes  
tax  
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability for pension plans  
Available-for-sale securities  
693  
39  
– 218  
2
475  
41  
–1,858  
40  
529  
–12  
– 680  
– 29  
–1,329  
28  
Financial instruments used for hedging purposes  
Other comprehensive income from equity accounted investments  
Currency translation foreign operations  
1,914  
– 30  
– 568  
– 31  
1,346  
– 61  
2,008  
43  
1,328  
14  
–1,171  
1,445  
–1,171  
630  
– 230  
3
– 230  
–189  
Other comprehensive income  
– 815  
–192  
Other comprehensive income arising from equity  
accounted investments is reported in the Statement  
of Changes in Equity within currency translation  
differences with an amount of € –ꢀ152 million  
(2016: € – 73 million) and within derivative finan-  
cial instruments used for hedging purposes with an  
amount of €ꢀ91 million (2016: €ꢀ87 million).  
1
46  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
NOTES TO THE BALANCE SHEET  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
18  
Notes to the  
Analysis of changes in Group tangible, intangible and investment assets 2017  
Balance Sheet  
Acquisition and manufacturing cost  
Translation  
differences  
Reclassi-  
fications  
1
in € million  
1. 1. 2017  
Additions  
Disposals  
31.12. 2017  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
11,484  
386  
–1  
2,424  
943  
12,965  
385  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
1,530  
13,400  
– 37  
– 38  
286  
29  
1,750  
15,100  
2,710  
972  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
10,940  
35,924  
2,674  
– 299  
– 681  
– 91  
271  
2,123  
314  
228  
1,027  
70  
52  
1,560  
168  
11,088  
36,833  
2,799  
Plant and machinery  
Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and construction in progress  
2,255  
– 97  
1,694  
–1,325  
2
2,525  
Property, plant and equipment  
51,793  
–1,168  
4,402  
1,782  
53,245  
Leased products  
45,595  
2,546  
– 3,047  
18,281  
639  
16,686  
418  
44,143  
2,767  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
Investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries  
Participations  
501  
710  
– 8  
– 7  
74  
118  
129  
1
438  
820  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
28  
28  
1,239  
–15  
192  
130  
1,286  
1
Including first-time consolidation.  
Including assets under construction of €2,010 million.  
Including €3 million recognised through the income statement and €76 million directly in equity.  
2
3
Analysis of changes in Group tangible, intangible and investment assets 2016  
Acquisition and manufacturing cost  
Translation  
differences  
Reclassi-  
fications  
1
in € million  
1. 1. 2016  
Additions  
Disposals  
31.12. 2016  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
10,522  
369  
2,092  
1,130  
11,484  
369  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
1,455  
12,346  
– 2  
– 2  
100  
58  
1,495  
13,348  
2,192  
1,188  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
10,458  
35,497  
2,606  
–15  
–185  
22  
300  
1,510  
234  
231  
691  
32  
34  
1,589  
222  
10,940  
35,924  
2,672  
Plant and machinery  
Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and construction in progress  
1,600  
23  
1,587  
– 954  
3
2,253  
Property, plant and equipment  
50,161  
–155  
3,631  
1,848  
51,789  
Leased products  
42,334  
2,233  
316  
18,339  
513  
15,401  
200  
45,588  
2,546  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
Investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries  
Participations  
233  
656  
28  
2
2
321  
56  
56  
2
500  
710  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
28  
917  
377  
58  
1,238  
1
Including first-time consolidation.  
Including assets under construction of €1,760 million.  
2
1
47  
Depreciation and amortisation  
Reclassi-  
Carrying amount  
Translation  
differences  
Value  
3
1
1
. 1. 2017  
Current year  
fications  
adjustments  
Disposals  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2017  
31. 12. 2016  
4
,263  
5
1,236  
943  
4,556  
5
8,409  
380  
7,221  
364  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
9
28  
–16  
–16  
191  
28  
1,075  
5,636  
675  
572  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
5
,196  
1,427  
971  
9,464  
8,157  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
4
,786  
–115  
– 531  
– 62  
337  
2,820  
238  
– 5  
5
37  
1,548  
158  
4,966  
27,838  
1,970  
6,122  
8,995  
829  
6,154  
8,832  
2
7,092  
Plant and machinery  
1
,952  
721 Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and  
2,5252  
18,471  
2,253  
construction in progress  
3
3,830  
– 708  
3,395  
1,743  
34,774  
17,960  
Property, plant and equipment  
7
,801  
– 379  
3,633  
3,169  
7,886  
36,257  
2,767  
37,789  
Leased products  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
2,546  
Investments in non-consolidated  
subsidiaries  
1
4
92  
84  
2
– 3  
– 76  
– 3  
189  
408  
–1  
249  
412  
29  
308  
226  
26  
Participations  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
6
78  
– 3  
– 79  
596  
690  
560  
Depreciation and amortisation  
Reclassi-  
Carrying amount  
Translation  
differences  
Value  
1
1
. 1. 2016  
Current year  
fications  
adjustments  
Disposals  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2016  
31. 12. 2015  
4
,171  
5
3
3
1,222  
1,130  
4,263  
5
7,221  
364  
6,351  
364  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
7
97  
181  
58  
923  
5,191  
572  
657  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
4
,973  
1,403  
1,188  
8,157  
7,372  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
4
,516  
– 28  
–100  
9
320  
2,865  
218  
4
2
26  
1,566  
214  
4,786  
27,092  
1,951  
6,154  
8,832  
721  
5,915  
9,593  
2
5,891  
Plant and machinery  
1
,942  
2
– 4  
660 Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and  
– 2  
2,2532  
17,960  
1,591  
construction in progress  
3
2,351  
–119  
3,403  
1,806  
33,829  
17,759  
Property, plant and equipment  
7
,308  
19  
3,306  
2,834  
7,799  
37,789  
2,546  
34,965  
Leased products  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
2,233  
Investments in non-consolidated  
subsidiaries  
7
6
116  
76  
3
3
192  
484  
2
308  
226  
26  
157  
245  
26  
4
11  
2
Participations  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
4
89  
192  
678  
560  
428  
1
48  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
19  
20  
Intangible assets  
Property, plant and equipment  
No impairment losses were recognised in 2017, as in  
the previous year.  
Intangible assets mainly comprise capitalised devel-  
opment costs on vehicle, module and architecture  
projects as well as subsidies for tool costs, licences,  
purchased development projects, software and pur-  
chased customer lists.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
As in the previous year, no borrowing costs were  
recognised as a cost component of property, plant  
and equipment in 2017.  
Other intangible assets include a brand-name right  
amounting to €ꢀ41 million (2016: €ꢀ42 million) which  
is allocated to the Automotive segment and is not  
subject to scheduled amortisation since its useful life  
is deemed to be indefinite. The year-on-year change  
is solely due to currency effects. Intangible assets also  
include goodwill of €ꢀ33 million (2016: €ꢀ33 million)  
allocated to the Automotive cash-generating unit  
Property, plant and equipment include an amount of  
€ꢀ94 million (2016: €ꢀ107 million) relating to land and  
buildings, for which economic ownership is attribut-  
able to the BMW Group (finance leases). Leases to  
which BMWAG is party, with a carrying amount of  
€ꢀ78 million (2016: €ꢀ90 million), run for periods up  
to 2030 at the latest and contain price adjustment  
clauses in the form of index-linked rentals as well as  
extension and purchase options.  
(
CGU) and goodwill of €ꢀ347 million (2016: €ꢀ331 mil-  
lion) allocated to the Financial Services CGU.  
Intangible assets amounting to €ꢀ41 million (2016:  
Minimum lease payments are as follows:  
42 million) are subject to restrictions on title.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
As in the previous year, there was no requirement to  
recognise impairment losses or reversals of impair-  
ment losses on intangible assets in 2017.  
Total of future minimum lease payments  
due within one year  
19  
73  
23  
73  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
As in the previous year, no borrowing costs were  
recognised as a cost component of intangible assets  
in 2017.  
100  
127  
223  
1
92  
Interest portion of the future minimum  
lease payments  
due within one year  
10  
32  
40  
11  
36  
50  
97  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
8
2
Present value of future minimum lease  
payments  
due within one year  
9
12  
37  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
41  
60  
10  
77  
1
126  
1
49  
2
1
During the financial year under report, the  
BMW Group, Daimler AG, Stuttgart (Daimler AG),  
the Ford Motor Company and the Volkswagen Group,  
each with equal shareholdings, founded the joint  
venture IONITY Holding GmbH & Co.KG.IONITY’s  
business model envisages the construction and opera-  
tion of high-performance charging stations for battery  
electric vehicles in Europe. The plan is to build some  
Leased products  
Minimum lease payments of non-cancellable oper-  
ating leases amounting to €ꢀ17,982 million (2016:  
17,850 million) fall due as follows:  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
4
00 fast-charging stations by 2020 in order to support  
within one year  
8,586  
9,383  
13  
8,692  
9,154  
4
electric mobility on long-haul routes and thereby  
establish the market.  
between one and five years  
later than five years  
Minimum lease payments  
17,982  
17,850  
In the financial year 2015, BMWAG, Daimler AG  
and AUDI AG, Ingolstadt (Audi AG) jointly acquired  
the mapping and location-based services business  
Contingent rents of €ꢀ52 million (2016: €ꢀ46 million),  
based principally on the distance driven, were rec-  
ognised in income. The agreements have, in part,  
extension and purchase options.  
(HERE Group) of Nokia Corporation, Helsinki. HERE’s  
digital maps are laying the foundations for the next  
generation of mobility and location-based services,  
providing the basis for new assistance systems and,  
ultimately, fully automated driving.  
Impairment losses amounting to €ꢀ148 million (2016:  
384 million) were recognised on leased products in  
In December 2016, THERE signed contracts relating  
to the sale of shares in HERE International B.ꢀV.,  
Amsterdam (HERE). The sale of 15% of the shares to  
Intel Holdings B.ꢀV., Schiphol-Rijk was completed on  
2
017 as a consequence of changes in residual value  
expectations. No income was recognised in 2017 from  
the reversal of impairment losses (2016: € – million).  
3
1 January 2017. The sale of the shares resulted in a  
loss of control, as defined by IFRS 10, at the level of  
THERE. For this reason, at 31 December 2016 THERE  
reported its investment in HERE as “held-for-sale”.  
Since THERE continues to have a significant influ-  
ence over HERE, the latter is included in THERE’s  
consolidated financial statements as an associated  
company using the equity method. The loss of control  
and the subsequent deconsolidation of HERE and its  
subsidiaries led to a positive earnings effect at the  
level of THERE. The BMW Group portion amounted  
to €ꢀ183 million, which was recognised in the result  
from equity accounted investments.  
2
2
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
Investments accounted for using the equity  
method comprise the joint venture BMW Brilliance  
Automotive Ltd. (BMW Brilliance), the joint ven-  
tures DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and DriveNow  
Verwaltungs GmbH (DriveNow), the joint venture  
IONITY Holding GmbH & Co. KG (IONITY) and  
the interest in the associated company THERE  
Holding B.ꢀV. (THERE).  
BMW Brilliance produces mainly BMW brand models  
for the Chinese market and also has engine manufac-  
turing facilities, which supply the joint venture’s two  
plants with petrol engines.  
It was planned to sell a 10% stake in HERE to a consor-  
tium consisting of NavInfo Co. Ltd., Beijing, Tencent  
Holdings Ltd., Shenzhen, and GIC Private Ltd. of  
Singapore. The sale will not be completed, howev-  
er, as no practicable approach was found to obtain  
approval from the relevant authorities during a regu-  
latory review process. The transaction will therefore  
not be pursued.  
The BMW Group maintains the joint ventures  
DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and DriveNow Verwal-  
tungs GmbH together with Sixt SE, Pullach. DriveNow  
offers car-sharing services in major German cities and  
abroad. In January 2018, the BMW Group signed an  
agreement with Sixt SE for the complete acquisition  
of the shares in DriveNow. The agreement was signed  
subject to the approval of the antitrust authorities.  
DriveNow is valued at €ꢀ418 million in total. Apart  
from a one-time positive earnings impact, the pur-  
chase is not expected to have a significant impact on  
the results of operations, financial position or net  
assets of the BMW Group.  
In December 2017  
signed contracts for the sale of shares in THERE. It  
is planned to sell % stakes each to Robert Bosch  
, BMWAG, Audi AG and Daimler AG  
5.9  
Investment Nederland B.ꢀV., Boxtel, and Continental  
Automotive Holding Netherlands B.ꢀV., Maastricht.  
The sale is to be executed in equal parts by BMWAG,  
Audi AG and Daimler AG. Completion of the transac-  
tion depends on approval from the relevant authori-  
ties and is expected to take place in the first quarter  
of 2018. The sale is expected to have no significant  
1
50  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
impact on the results of operations, financial position  
and net assets of the BMW Group.  
Financial information relating to equity accounted  
investments is summarised in the following tables:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
BMW Brilliance  
THERE  
2017  
DriveNow  
2017  
IONITY  
2017  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
2016  
2016  
2016  
ꢄISClꢅSꢂꢆꢀS ꢆꢀlAꢁIꢃG ꢁꢅ  
ꢇꢀ IꢃCꢅMꢀ SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Revenues  
14,628  
637  
1,619  
46  
12,991  
486  
1,328  
30  
71*  
1,240  
52  
71  
58  
Scheduled depreciation  
Profit / loss before financial result  
Interest income  
–1  
–149  
1
–17  
–15  
–12  
Interest expenses  
2
22  
Income taxes  
454  
1,337  
363  
1,031  
3
2
Profit / loss after tax  
362  
–167  
–1  
–17  
–15  
–10  
thereof from continuing operations  
thereof from discontinued operations  
Other comprehensive income  
Total comprehensive income  
Dividends received by the Group  
–151  
513  
2
–166  
– 4  
–121  
1,216  
258  
30  
1,061  
134  
364  
–171  
–17  
–15  
–10  
*
Revenues relate only to the month of January up to the time of loss of control of HERE.  
BMW Brilliance  
THERE  
DriveNow  
2017  
IONITY  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2016  
2017  
2016  
ꢄISClꢅSꢂꢆꢀS ꢆꢀlAꢁIꢃG ꢁꢅ  
ꢇꢀ bAlAꢃCꢀ Sꢇꢀꢀꢁ  
Non-current assets  
5,910  
2,617  
5,212  
5,377  
5,779  
2,106  
4,405  
4,678  
1,906  
289  
289  
2,195  
2,802  
209  
9
20  
33  
4
45  
46  
40  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Current assets  
592  
26  
41  
Equity  
1,832  
525  
151  
Non-current financial liabilities  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
Current financial liabilities  
Current provisions and liabilities  
962  
670  
1,044  
73  
6
87  
4,783  
4,835  
518  
22  
18  
10  
ꢆꢀCꢅꢃCIlIAꢁIꢅꢃ ꢅꢈ  
AGGꢆꢀGAꢁꢀꢄ ꢈIꢃAꢃCIAl  
IꢃꢈꢅꢆMAꢁIꢅꢃ  
Assets  
11,122  
5,745  
5,377  
2,689  
– 666  
10,183  
5,505  
4,678  
2,339  
– 414  
1,925  
2,195  
3,394  
1,562  
1,832  
611  
26  
22  
4
33  
18  
15  
102  
50  
10  
40  
10  
Provisions and liabilities  
Net assets  
2,195  
732  
Group’s interest in net assets  
Eliminations  
22  
Carrying amount  
1
2,023  
732  
611  
2
10  
10  
Corresponds to the consolidated equity capital provided by the shareholders of DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and its subsidiaries.  
The BMW Group holds 52.8 % (2016: 67.2 %) of the net assets at 31 December 2017. Due to the allocation of voting power within the decision-making  
2
bodies of the two entities, operations remain subject to joint control.  
1
51  
2
3
Allowances on receivables from sales financing, which  
arise only within the Financial Services segment,  
developed as follows:  
Receivables from sales financing  
Receivables from sales financing comprise the fol-  
lowing:  
2
017  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Allowance for impairment  
recognised on a  
Credit financing for retail customers  
and dealerships  
specific  
item basis  
in € million  
group basis  
Total  
62,401  
18,033  
61,602  
16,658  
Finance lease receivables  
Balance at 1 January*  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
943  
143  
469  
2
1,412  
145  
Receivables from  
sales financing  
80,434  
78,260  
– 337  
– 8  
– 345  
Exchange rate impact  
and other changes  
Non-guaranteed residual values that fall to the ben-  
– 48  
–17  
– 65  
efit of the lessor amounted to €ꢀ140 million (2016:  
Balance at 31 December  
701  
446  
1,147  
118 million).  
*
Balance at 1 January adjusted due to initial consolidation of entities.  
In December 2017, the Financial Services segment  
sold a multi-brand portfolio amounting to €ꢀ939 mil-  
lion for strategic reasons.  
2
016  
Allowance for impairment  
recognised on a  
Impairment aꢉꢉowances  
specific  
item basis  
in € million  
group basis  
Total  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
12,983  
31.12. 2016  
Balance at 1 January  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
963  
248  
535  
– 25  
– 41  
1,498  
223  
Gross carrying amount of items with  
impairment allowances recognised  
on a specific-item basis  
– 304  
– 345  
14,440  
Exchange rate impact  
and other changes  
27  
– 2  
25  
Impairment allowances recognised  
on a specific-item basis  
– 701  
– 934  
–141  
Balance at 31 December  
934  
467  
1,401  
thereof for finance lease receivables  
–105  
Gross carrying amount of items with  
impairment allowances recognised  
on a group basis  
The estimated fair value of collateral for receivables  
on which impairment losses were recognised totalled  
59,588  
– 446  
52,951  
– 467  
35,060 million (2016: €ꢀ30,542 million) at the report-  
Impairment allowances recognised  
on a group basis  
ing date. This collateral related primarily to vehicles.  
The carrying amount of assets held as collateral and  
taken back as a result of payment default amounted  
to €ꢀ45 million (2016: €ꢀ153 million).  
Carrying amount without impairment  
allowances  
9,010  
12,270  
Net carrying amount  
80,434  
78,260  
1
52  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Finance leases are analysed as follows:  
Marketable securities and investment funds relate to  
available-for-sale financial assets and comprise:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
4,662  
31.12. 2016  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
Gross investment in finance leases  
due within one year  
6,122  
13,772  
21  
5,921  
12,574  
32  
Fixed income securities  
4,449  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
Stocks and other equity  
capital instruments  
534  
251  
734  
104  
Other debt securities  
1
9,915  
18,527  
Marketable securities and  
investment funds  
5,447  
5,287  
Present value of future minimum  
lease payments  
due within one year  
5,655  
5,348  
11,278  
32  
The contracted maturities of debt securities are as  
follows:  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
12,358  
20  
1
8,033  
16,658  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Unrealised interest income  
1,882  
1,869  
Fixed income securities  
due within three months  
due later than three months  
628  
780  
4,034  
3,669  
2
4
Other debt securities  
due within three months  
due later than three months  
Debt securities  
Financial assets  
Financial assets comprise:  
251  
104  
4,913  
4,553  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Marketable securities and  
investment funds  
5,447  
4,341  
248  
5,287  
3,922  
287  
Derivative instruments  
Credit card receivables  
Loans to third parties  
Other  
114  
129  
184  
145  
Financial assets  
10,334  
9,770  
thereof non-current  
thereof current  
2,369  
7,965  
2,705  
7,065  
With effect from the financial year 2017, credit  
balances arising in conjunction with pre-retirement  
part-time working arrangements are secured by  
bank guarantees. For this reason, the corresponding  
assets are not reported at the balance sheet date. In  
the previous year, the amount by which the value of  
investment funds exceeded obligations for part-time  
working arrangements (€ꢀ17 million) was reported  
under other financial assets.  
1
53  
Aꢉꢉowances for impairment and credit risk  
Receivables relating to credit card business comprise  
the following:  
25  
Income tax assets  
Income tax assets totalling €ꢀ1,566 million (2016:  
€ꢀ1,938 million) include claims amounting to €ꢀ364 mil-  
lion (2016: €ꢀ351 million), which are expected to be  
settled after more than one year. Claims may be  
settled earlier than this depending on the timing of  
proceedings.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Gross carrying amount  
Allowance for impairment  
Net carrying amount  
258  
–10  
248  
296  
– 9  
287  
2
6
Allowances for impairment losses on receivables  
relating to credit card business developed as follows  
during the year under report:  
Other assets  
Other assets comprise:  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
2
017  
Prepayments  
Other taxes  
2,018  
1,537  
1,914  
1,135  
Allowance for impairment  
recognised on a  
specific  
item basis  
Receivables from companies in which  
an investment is held  
in € million  
group basis  
Total  
1,334  
847  
1,217  
779  
Expected reimbursement claims  
Collateral receivables  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Sundry other assets  
Balance at 1 January  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
9
11  
– 9  
9
11  
– 9  
316  
387  
276  
422  
832  
828  
Exchange rate impact and  
other changes  
Other assets  
7,160  
6,682  
–1  
–1  
10  
Balance at 31 December  
10  
thereof non-current  
thereof current  
1,635  
5,525  
1,595  
5,087  
2
016  
Allowance for impairment  
recognised on a  
Prepayments relate mainly to prepaid interest, com-  
mission paid to dealerships and amounts paid in  
advance to suppliers and contract manufacturers.  
Prepayments of €ꢀ1,136 million (2016: €ꢀ1,018 million)  
have a maturity of less than one year.  
specific  
in € million  
item basis  
group basis  
Total  
Balance at 1 January  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
8
8
8
8
– 8  
– 8  
Collateral receivables comprise mainly customary  
collateral (banking deposits) arising on the sale of  
receivables.  
Exchange rate impact  
and other changes  
1
1
9
Balance at 31 December  
9
1
54  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
27  
Impairment allowances on trade receivables devel-  
oped during the year under report as follows:  
Inventories  
Inventories comprise the following:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
2
017  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Allowance for impairment  
recognised on a  
Finished goods and goods for resale  
Work in progress, unbilled contracts  
Raw materials and supplies  
Inventories  
10,436  
1,125  
9,684  
1,157  
specific  
item basis  
in € million  
group basis  
Total  
1,146  
1,000  
Balance at 1 January  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
46  
8
11  
– 2  
–1  
57  
6
12,707  
11,841  
– 4  
– 5  
Exchange rate impact  
and other changes  
Out of the total amount recognised for inventories  
at 31 December 2017, inventories measured at net  
realisable value amounted to €ꢀ541 million (2016:  
–1  
–1  
– 2  
56  
Balance at 31 December  
49  
7
871 million). Write-downs to net realisable value  
amounting to €ꢀ27 million (2016: €ꢀ101 million) were  
2016  
recognised in 2017.  
Allowance for impairment  
recognised on a  
specific  
item basis  
The expense recorded in conjunction with inven-  
tories during the financial year 2017 amounted to  
in € million  
group basis  
Total  
55,969 million (2016: €ꢀ55,129 million).  
Balance at 1 January  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
84  
– 21  
–19  
12  
96  
– 21  
– 20  
–1  
Exchange rate impact and  
other changes  
2
8
2
2
Trade receivables  
Trade receivables comprise the following:  
Balance at 31 December  
46  
11  
57  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
In addition, trade receivables exist which are overdue  
but for which no impairment allowance has been rec-  
ognised. Receivables that are overdue by between one  
and 30 days do not normally result in bad debt losses  
since the overdue nature of the receivables is mainly  
due to the timing of receipts. Overdue balances fall  
into the following time windows:  
Gross carrying amount  
Allowance for impairment  
Net carrying amount  
2,723  
– 56  
2,882  
– 57  
2,667  
2,825  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
1
3
6
9
– 30 days overdue  
1 – 60 days overdue  
1 – 90 days overdue  
1 – 120 days overdue  
187  
43  
174  
23  
19  
29  
25  
17  
More than 120 days overdue  
75  
64  
Balance at 31 December  
349  
307  
In the case of trade receivables, collateral is generally  
held in the form of vehicle documents and bank guar-  
antees so that the risk of bad debt loss is very limited.  
1
55  
2
9
Equity  
ꢃumꢊer of shares issued  
Preferred stock  
017  
Common stock  
2017  
2
2016  
2016  
Shares issued / in circulation at 1 January  
55,114,404  
491,114  
114  
54,809,404  
305,029  
29  
601,995,196  
601,995,196  
Shares issued in conjunction with Employee Share Programme  
Less: shares repurchased and re-issued  
Shares issued / in circulation at 31 December  
55,605,404  
55,114,404  
601,995,196  
601,995,196  
All Company stock is issued to bearer and each share  
has a par value of €ꢀ1.00. Preferred stock, to which no  
voting rights are attached, bear an additional dividend  
of €ꢀ0.02 per share.  
ꢆevenue reserves  
Revenue reserves comprise the non-distributed earn-  
ings of companies consolidated in the Group financial  
statements. In addition, remeasurements of the net  
defined benefit liability for pension plans are also  
presented in revenue reserves.  
In 2017, a total of 491  
,
114 shares of preferred stock  
05 per  
was sold to employees at a reduced price of €ꢀ55  
.
share in conjunction with the Company’s Employee  
Share Programme. These shares are entitled to receive  
dividends for the first time with effect from the finan-  
cial year 2018.  
It is proposed that the unappropriated profit of  
BMW AG for the financial year 2017 amounting  
to €ꢀ2,630 million according to HGB be utilised as  
follows:  
Issued share capital increased by €ꢀ  
result of the issue to employees of 491,000 shares of  
non-voting preferred stock. BMWAG is authorised up  
0
.
5
million as a  
Distribution of a dividend of €ꢀ4.02 per share of  
preferred stock (€ꢀ222 million).  
to 14 May 2019 to issue  
preferred stock amounting to nominal €ꢀ5.0 million.  
5
million shares of non-voting  
Distribution of a dividend of €ꢀ4.00 per share of  
common stock (€ꢀ2,408 million).  
At the end of the reporting period, 3.7 million of  
these shares amounting to nominal €ꢀ  
available for issue.  
3
.
7
remained  
The proposed distribution was not recognised as a  
liability in the Group Financial Statements.  
In addition, 114 previously issued shares of preferred  
stock were acquired and re-issued to employees.  
Accumulated other equity  
Accumulated other equity comprises amounts recog-  
nised directly in equity resulting from the translation  
of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries,  
changes in the fair value of derivative financial  
instruments and marketable securities and the related  
deferred taxes.  
Capitaꢉ reserves  
Capital reserves include premiums arising from the  
issue of shares and totalled €ꢀ2,084 million (2016:  
2,047 million). The change related to the share  
capital increase arising in conjunction with the issue  
of shares of preferred stock to employees amounting  
to €ꢀ37 million.  
1
56  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Capitaꢉ management discꢉosures  
The capital structure at the end of the reporting period  
was as follows:  
The BMW Group’s objectives with regard to capital  
management are to safeguard over the long-term the  
Group’s ability to continue as a going concern and to  
provide an adequate return to shareholders.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
Equity attributable to shareholders  
of BMW AG  
The capital structure is managed in order to meet  
needs arising from changes in economic conditions  
and the risks of the underlying assets.  
54,112  
36.4 %  
47,108  
32.5 %  
Proportion of total capital  
Non-current financial liabilities  
Current financial liabilities  
Total financial liabilities  
Proportion of total capital  
Total capital  
53,548  
41,100  
94,648  
63.6 %  
148,760  
55,405  
42,326  
97,731  
67.5 %  
The BMW Group is not subject to any unified external  
minimum equity capital requirements. Within the  
Financial Services segment, however, there are a  
number of individual entities which are subject to  
equity capital requirements of relevant regulatory  
banking authorities.  
144,839  
In order to manage its capital structure, the  
BMW Group uses various instruments, including the  
amount of dividends paid to shareholders and share  
The equity ratio attributable to shareholders of  
BMW AG increased during the financial year by  
3
.
9
percentage points, primarily reflecting the increase  
buybacks. Moreover, the BMW Group actively manag  
es its debt capital, carrying out funding activities with  
a target debt structure in mind. A key aspect in the  
selection of financial instruments is the objective to  
achieve matching maturities for the Group’s financing  
requirements. In order to reduce non-systematic risk,  
the BMW Group uses a variety of financial instru-  
ments available on the world’s capital markets to  
achieve diversification.  
-
in revenue reserves.  
1
57  
3
0
Switzerland, Belgium and Japan. In the meantime,  
most defined benefit plans have been closed to new  
entrants.  
Pension provisions  
In the case of defined benefit plans, the BMW Group  
is required to pay the benefits it has granted to present  
and past employees. Defined benefit plans may be  
covered by provisions or pension assets. Pension  
commitments in Germany are mostly covered by  
assets contributed to BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, in  
conjunction with a contractual trust arrangement  
The assumptions stated below, which depend on the  
economic situation in the relevant country, are used  
to measure the defined benefit obligation of each  
pension plan. The following weighted average values  
have been used for Germany, the United Kingdom  
and other countries:  
(
CTA). Funded plans also exist in the UK, the USA,  
Germany  
31.12. 2017  
United Kingdom  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
Other  
31.12. 2017  
in %  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2016  
Discount rate  
1.79  
1.82  
20.8  
1.80  
1.78  
21.3  
2.34  
2.44  
21.3  
2.51  
2.55  
20.9  
3.13  
3.70  
Pension level trend  
Weighted duration of all pension obligations in years  
18.3  
17.6  
The following mortality tables are applied in countries,  
in which the BMW Group has significant defined  
benefit plans:  
Germany  
Mortality Table 2005 G issued by Prof. K. Heubeck (with invalidity rates reduced by 50 %)  
United Kingdom  
S2PA tables and S2PA light tables with weightings  
In Germany, the so-called “pension entitlement trend”  
Based on the measurement principles contained in  
IAS 19, the following balance sheet carrying amounts  
apply to the Group’s pension plans:  
(
Festbetragstrend) also represents a significant actuari-  
al assumption for the purposes of determining benefits  
payable at retirement and was left unchanged at 2.0%.  
Germany  
United Kingdom  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
Other  
31.12. 2017  
Total  
31.12. 2017  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2016  
Present value of defined benefit  
obligations  
11,641  
9,604  
11,112  
8,643  
9,594  
8,908  
10,311  
8,714  
1,475  
965  
1,476  
958  
22,710  
19,477  
22,899  
18,315  
Fair value of plan assets  
Effect of limiting net defined benefit  
asset to asset ceiling  
3
3
3
3
Carrying amounts at 31 December  
2,037  
2,469  
686  
1,597  
513  
521  
3,236  
4,587  
thereof pension provision  
thereof assets  
2,037  
2,469  
702  
–16  
1,597  
513  
521  
3,252  
–16  
4,587  
1
58  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Numerous defined benefit plans exist within the  
BMW Group.  
ꢂnited Kingdom  
In the United Kingdom, the BMW Group has defined  
benefit plans, which are primarily employer-funded  
combined with employee-funded components based  
on the conversion of employee remuneration. These  
plans are subject to statutory minimum funding  
requirements. Benefits paid in conjunction with these  
plans comprise old-age retirement pensions as well  
as invalidity and surviving dependants’ benefits. On  
30 September 2017, the defined benefit plans were  
closed for all plan participants, with vested benefits  
remaining in place. New benefits will be covered by  
contributions made to a defined contribution plan.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
The most significant of the BMW Group’s pension  
plans are described below.  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
Germany  
Both employer- and employee-funded benefit plans  
exist in Germany. Benefits paid in conjunction with  
these plans comprise old-age retirement pensions as  
well as invalidity and surviving dependants’ benefits.  
The defined benefit plans have been closed to new  
entrants. With effect from 1 January 2014, new  
employees receive a defined contribution entitlement  
with a minimum rate of return. In addition, employees  
are given the option of transferring deferred remuner-  
ation to a “deferred remuneration retirement plan”.  
The fact that the plan involves a minimum rate of  
return means that both the defined contribution  
entitlement and the deferred remuneration retire-  
ment plan are classified in accordance with IAS 19 as  
defined benefit plans. In the case of defined benefit  
plans involving the payment of a pension, the amount  
of benefits to be paid is determined by multiplying a  
fixed amount by the number of years of service.  
The pension plans are administered by BMW Pension  
Trustees Limited, Hams Hall, and BMW  
Limited, Hams Hall, both trustee companies which  
act independently of the BMW Group. BMW UK  
(UK) Trustees  
(
)
Trustees Limited, Hams Hall, is represented by nine  
trustees, and BMW Pension Trustees Limited, Hams  
Hall, by five trustees. A minimum of one third of the  
trustees must be elected by plan participants. The  
trustees represent the interests of plan participants  
and decide on investment strategies. Funding con-  
tributions are determined in agreement with the  
BMW Group.  
The assets of the German pension plans are adminis-  
tered by BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, in accordance with  
a
CTA. The representative bodies of this entity are the  
Board of Directors and the Members’ General Meeting.  
BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, currently has seven mem-  
bers and three members of the Board of Directors  
elected by the Members’ General Meeting. The Board  
of Directors is responsible for investments, drawing  
up and deciding on investment guidelines as well as  
monitoring compliance with those guidelines. The  
members of the association can be employees, senior  
executives and members of the Board of Directors. An  
ordinary Members’ General Meeting takes place once  
every calendar year, and deals with a range of matters,  
including receiving and approving the association’s  
annual report, ratifying the activities of the Board of  
Directors and adopting changes to the association’s  
statutes.  
1
59  
The change in the net defined benefit liability for pension  
plans can be derived as follows:  
Limitation of  
the net defined  
benefit asset to  
the asset ceiling  
Defined  
benefit  
obligation  
Net defined  
benefit liability  
in € million  
Plan assets  
Total  
1
January 2017  
22,899  
–18,315  
4,584  
3
4,587  
ExꢀEꢁSEꢂ/ꢂꢃꢁꢄꢅꢆE  
Current service cost  
581  
489  
– 408  
581  
81  
581  
81  
Interest expense (+) / income (–)  
Past service cost  
– 2  
– 2  
– 2  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from settlements  
– 212  
– 212  
– 212  
ꢆꢀMꢀASꢂꢆꢀMꢀꢃꢁS  
Gains (–) or losses (+) on plan assets, excluding amounts included  
in interest income  
322  
– 590  
– 590  
322  
– 590  
322  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in financial assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in demographic assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from experience adjustments  
–152  
–134  
–152  
–134  
–152  
–134  
Changes in the limitation of the net defined benefit asset to the  
asset ceiling  
Transfers to fund  
86  
–1,165  
– 86  
–1,165  
3
–1,165  
Employee contributions  
Pensions and other benefits paid  
Translation differences and other changes  
– 619  
– 548  
22,710  
637  
18  
18  
450  
– 98  
3,233  
– 98  
3,236  
3
1 December 2017  
–19,477  
thereof pension provision  
thereof assets  
3,252  
–16  
Limitation of  
the net defined  
benefit asset to  
the asset ceiling  
Defined  
benefit  
obligation  
Net defined  
benefit liability  
in € million  
Plan assets  
Total  
1
January 2016  
19,926  
–16,930  
2,996  
3
2,999  
ExꢀEꢁSEꢂ/ꢂꢃꢁꢄꢅꢆE  
Current service cost  
557  
557  
– 479  
557  
78  
557  
78  
Interest expense (+) / income (–)  
Past service cost  
–171  
– 8  
–171  
– 8  
–171  
– 8  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from settlements  
ꢆꢀMꢀASꢂꢆꢀMꢀꢃꢁS  
Gains (–) or losses (+) on plan assets, excluding amounts included  
in interest income  
4,093  
– 40  
–1,836  
–1,836  
4,093  
– 40  
–1,836  
4,093  
– 40  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in financial assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in demographic assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from experience adjustments  
–118  
–118  
–118  
Changes in the limitation of the net defined benefit asset to the  
asset ceiling  
Transfers to fund  
85  
– 827  
– 85  
– 827  
3
– 827  
Employee contributions  
Pensions and other benefits paid  
Translation differences and other changes  
– 643  
676  
33  
33  
–1,339  
22,899  
1,166  
–18,315  
–173  
4,584  
–173  
4,587  
3
1 December 2016  
thereof pension provision  
thereof assets  
4,587  
Allocations to pension plans in the financial year 2017  
include a transfer from plan assets for pre-retirement  
part-time working arrangements to plan assets for  
pension plans amounting to €ꢀ353 million.  
1
60  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Gains on plan settlements resulted from the closure of  
defined benefit plans in the UK. Vested benefits from  
these plans will be increased in line with inflation in  
the future. Compensation amounting to €ꢀ140 million  
was paid in conjunction with the closure of the plans.  
The net gain arising on plan settlement amounted to  
Depending on the cash flow profile and risk structure  
of the pension obligations involved, pension plan  
assets are invested in various investment classes.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
Plan assets in Germany, the UK and other countries  
comprised the following:  
72 million.  
Germany  
2017  
United Kingdom  
2017  
Other  
2017  
Total  
2017  
in € million  
2016  
2016  
2016  
2016  
CꢅMꢋꢅꢃꢀꢃꢁS ꢅꢈ ꢋlAꢃ ASSꢀꢁS  
Equity instruments  
1,682  
5,668  
3,231  
2,437  
1,726  
5,439  
3,752  
1,687  
478  
6,354  
5,734  
620  
611  
6,071  
5,564  
507  
222  
469  
434  
35  
235  
458  
422  
36  
2,382  
12,491  
9,399  
3,092  
93  
2,572  
11,968  
9,738  
2,230  
25  
Debt instruments  
thereof investment grade  
thereof non-investment grade  
Real estate funds  
93  
42  
25  
Money market funds  
191  
51  
26  
11  
233  
37  
Absolute return funds  
Other  
82  
51  
82  
5
5
5
5
Total with quoted market price  
7,350  
7,165  
7,074  
6,790  
831  
734  
15,255  
14,689  
Debt instruments  
935  
543  
195  
404  
408  
2
1
3
1
1,340  
954  
198  
thereof investment grade  
198  
198  
thereof mixed funds  
(
funds without a rating)  
thereof non-investment grade  
Real estate  
737  
348  
404  
179  
227  
697  
9
1
2
1,141  
1
527  
229  
240  
16  
183  
17  
662  
10  
123  
1
902  
27  
1,003  
27  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Absolute return funds  
Other  
1
708  
354  
2,253  
419  
316  
1,478  
617  
141  
1,834  
745  
65  
47  
86  
135  
46  
51  
224  
1,372  
581  
4,222  
1,210  
432  
Total without quoted market price  
1,924  
3,626  
3
1 December  
9,603  
8,643  
8,908  
8,714  
966  
958  
19,477  
18,315  
Employer contributions to plan assets are expected to  
amount to €ꢀ573 million in the coming year.  
to regular review together with external consultants,  
with the aim of ensuring that investments are struc-  
tured to match the timing of pension payments and  
the expected development of pension obligations. In  
this way, fluctuations in pension funding shortfalls  
are reduced.  
The BMW Group is exposed to risks arising both from  
defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans  
with a minimum return guarantee. The discount rates  
used to calculate pension obligations are subject to  
market fluctuation and therefore influence the level of  
the obligations. Furthermore, changes in other actu-  
arial parameters, such as expected rates of inflation,  
also have an impact on pension obligations. In order  
to reduce currency exposures, a substantial portion  
of plan assets is either invested in the same currency  
as the underlying plan or hedged by means of cur-  
rency derivatives. As part of the internal reporting  
procedures and for internal management purposes,  
financial risks relating to the pension plans are report-  
ed using a value-at-risk approach by reference to the  
pension deficit. The investment strategy is also subject  
1
61  
The defined benefit obligation relates to current  
employees, pensioners and former employees with  
vested benefits as follows:  
Germany  
31.12. 2017  
United Kingdom  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
Other  
31.12. 2017  
in %  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2016  
Current employees  
66.6  
28.3  
5.1  
67.3  
27.8  
23.9  
45.0  
26.7  
43.1  
78.5  
17.8  
3.7  
79.1  
17.5  
Pensioners  
Former employees with vested benefits  
Defined benefit obligation  
4.9  
31.1  
30.2  
3.4  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
The sensitivity analysis provided below shows the  
extent to which changes in individual factors at the  
end of the reporting period influence the defined  
benefit obligation.  
follows a non-linear pattern, estimates made on the  
basis of the specified sensitivities are only possible  
with this restriction. The calculation of sensitivities  
using ranges other than those specified could result  
in a disproportional change in the defined benefit  
obligation.  
It is only possible, however, to aggregate sensitivities  
to a limited extent. Since the change in obligation  
Change in defined benefit obligation  
3
1.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
in € million  
in € million  
in %  
in %  
increase of 0.75 %  
decrease of 0.75 %  
increase of 0.25 %  
decrease of 0.25 %  
increase of 1 year  
decrease of 1 year  
increase of 0.25 %  
decrease of 0.25 %  
– 3,055  
3,878  
712  
–13.5  
17.1  
3.1  
– 2,939  
4,031  
747  
–12.8  
17.6  
3.3  
Discount rate  
Pension level trend  
Average life expectancy  
Pension entitlement trend  
– 672  
856  
– 3.0  
3.8  
– 713  
853  
– 3.1  
3.7  
– 855  
162  
– 3.8  
0.7  
– 854  
165  
– 3.7  
0.7  
–155  
– 0.7  
–158  
– 0.7  
In the UK, the sensitivity analysis for the pension  
level trend also takes account of restrictions due to  
caps and floors.  
1
62  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
31  
Other provisions  
Other provisions changed during the year as follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
Translation  
differences  
Reversal of  
discounting  
thereof due  
31.12. 2017 within one year  
in € million  
1.1.2017  
Additions  
Utilised  
Reversed  
Statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations, product guarantees  
4,813  
– 307  
2,221  
43  
–1,875  
– 70  
4,825  
1,300  
Obligations for personnel and  
social expenses  
2,191  
2,200  
–19  
– 81  
2,261  
1,110  
–1,624  
– 459  
– 27  
2,782  
2,523  
1,933  
1,738  
Other obligations  
– 247  
Other obligations for ongoing  
operational expenses  
1,714  
–119  
755  
– 614  
–116  
1,620  
1,342  
6,313  
Other provisions  
10,918  
– 526  
6,347  
43  
– 4,572  
– 460  
11,750  
Depending on when claims occur, it is possible that the  
BMW Group may be called upon to fulfil the warranty  
or guarantee obligations over the whole period of  
the warranty or guarantee. Expected reimbursement  
claims at 31 December 2017 amounted to €ꢀ847 million  
32  
Income tax liabilities  
Current income tax liabilities totalling €ꢀ  
2016: €ꢀ1,074 million) include liabilities of €ꢀ68 million  
1
,
124 million  
(
(2016: €ꢀ33 million) which are expected to be settled  
after more than twelve months. Liabilities may be  
settled earlier than this depending on the timing of  
proceedings.  
(
2016: €ꢀ779 million).  
Provisions for obligations for personnel and social  
expenses comprise mainly performance-related  
remuneration components, early retirement part-time  
working arrangements and employee long-service  
awards.  
Provisions for other obligations cover numerous spe-  
cific risks and uncertain obligations, in particular for  
litigation and liability risks.  
Other obligations for ongoing operational expenses  
include in particular expected payments for bonuses  
and other price deductions.  
Income from the reversal of other provisions amount-  
ing to €ꢀ322 million (2016: €ꢀ480 million) is recorded  
in cost of sales and in selling and administrative  
expenses.  
1
63  
3
3
Financial liabilities  
Financial liabilities of the BMW Group comprises the  
following:  
3
1.12. 2017  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
11,132  
6,037  
10,144  
8,440  
4,461  
373  
25,887  
10,818  
3,296  
3,170  
7,861  
44,880  
16,855  
13,572  
12,658  
4,461  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
132  
1,048  
Commercial paper  
Derivative instruments  
Other  
544  
173  
469  
9,683  
1,090  
513  
150  
1,132  
Financial liabilities  
41,100  
43,865  
94,648  
3
1.12. 2016  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
9,242  
6,765  
10,063  
10,251  
3,852  
1,656  
497  
25,496  
9,709  
3,316  
3,997  
9,683  
44,421  
16,474  
13,512  
14,892  
3,852  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
133  
644  
Commercial paper  
Derivative instruments  
Other  
1,496  
130  
179  
622  
11,261  
3,331  
1,249  
Financial liabilities  
42,326  
44,144  
97,731  
Customer deposit liabilities arise in the BMW Group’s  
own banks, notably in Germany and the USA, which  
offer deposit and investment products.  
Liabilities related to financing activities can be rec-  
onciled as follows:  
Changes due to  
the acquisition Changes due to  
Cash inflows/  
outflows  
or disposal of  
companies  
exchange rate  
Changes in  
fair values Other changes  
in € million  
1.1. 2017  
factors  
31.12. 2017  
Bonds  
44,421  
16,474  
13,512  
14,892  
3,852  
2,687  
1,338  
656  
–1,901  
– 957  
– 596  
– 655  
– 344  
– 328  
1
44,880  
16,855  
13,572  
12,658  
4,461  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
–1,579  
953  
Commercial paper  
Financial liabilities towards companies in which an  
investment is held  
615  
811  
124  
–156  
151  
151  
– 88  
1
739  
718  
Other (excluding interest payable)  
Liabilities relating to financing activities  
94,577  
4,023  
– 4,541  
– 328  
93,883  
1
64  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Bonds comprise:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Issue volume  
in relevant currency  
(ISO-Code)  
Weighted average  
maturity period  
(in years)  
Weighted average  
nominal interest rate  
(in %)  
Notes to the  
Issuer  
Interest  
Balance Sheet  
variable  
variable  
variable  
fixed  
EUR 6,519 million  
GBP 220 million  
USD 40 million  
2.1  
1.1  
2.0  
5.9  
4.0  
3.0  
6.8  
6.2  
4.2  
5.8  
3.8  
5.0  
3.0  
3.0  
3.9  
3.5  
7.6  
5.0  
3.0  
3.0  
6.1  
3.0  
4.2  
3.0  
1.8  
3.0  
2.0  
4.5  
3.6  
0.0  
0.6  
2.1  
3.8  
2.6  
4.3  
1.5  
2.3  
2.0  
0.4  
1.9  
1.9  
0.1  
1.9  
1.4  
2.8  
3.2  
2.0  
2.0  
0.2  
2.1  
2.2  
2.0  
2.5  
0.8  
3.3  
8.0  
1.1  
2.7  
AUD 490 million  
USD 300 million  
CNH 1,300 million  
EUR 17,450 million  
GBP 1,900 million  
HKD 1,842 million  
JPY 19,100 million  
NOK 2,400 million  
SEK 1,750 million  
EUR 1,500 million  
NZD 30 million  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
BMW Finance N.V.  
fixed  
variable  
variable  
variable  
fixed  
USD 958 million  
AUD 130 million  
EUR 2,500 million  
GBP 300 million  
HKD 334 million  
JPY 30,000 million  
USD 9,270 million  
CAD 300 million  
CAD 1,850 million  
AUD 500 million  
GBP 925 million  
CNY 2,000 million  
INR 8,000 million  
GBP 250 million  
KRW 380,000 million  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
BMW US Capital, LLC  
BMW Canada Inc.  
fixed  
variable  
fixed  
variable  
variable  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
Other  
fixed  
The following details apply to commercial paper:  
Issue volume  
in relevant currency  
(ISO-Code)  
Weighted average  
maturity period  
(in days)  
Weighted average  
nominal interest rate  
(in %)  
Issuer  
BMW Finance N.V.  
EUR 1,125 million  
GBP 450 million  
USD 3,325 million  
INR 4,500 million  
60  
59  
– 0.4  
0.5  
BMW International Investment B.V.  
BMW US Capital, LLC  
22  
1.4  
BMW India Financial Services Private Ltd.  
155  
7.1  
1
65  
3
4
Other liabilities  
Other liabilities comprise the following items:  
3
1.12. 2017  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Deferred income  
2,427  
934  
4,276  
122  
471  
7,174  
1,056  
934  
Advance payments from customers  
Other taxes  
934  
Deposits received  
505  
346  
5
856  
Payables to other companies in which an investment is held  
744  
744  
Payables to subsidiaries  
Social security  
Other  
129  
129  
75  
23  
98  
5,031  
10,779  
160  
4,927  
7
5,198  
16,189  
Other liabilities  
483  
3
1.12. 2016  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Deferred income  
2,599  
847  
4,238  
130  
419  
7,256  
977  
Advance payments from customers  
Other taxes  
807  
807  
Deposits received  
501  
387  
5
893  
Payables to other companies in which an investment is held  
615  
615  
Payables to subsidiaries  
Social security  
Other  
99  
99  
71  
21  
92  
4,659  
10,198  
147  
4,923  
10  
434  
4,816  
15,555  
Other liabilities  
Sundry other liabilities include mainly bonuses for  
services already performed as well as sales promotions,  
commission payable and credit balances on customers’  
accounts.  
1
66  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Deferred income comprises the following items:  
3
1.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
thereof due  
thereof due  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
in € million  
Total  
within one year  
Total  
within one year  
Other Disclosures  
Deferred income relating to service contracts  
Deferred income from lease financing  
Grants  
4,167  
2,361  
332  
1,371  
973  
28  
4,412  
2,241  
382  
1,474  
1,037  
30  
Other deferred income  
314  
55  
221  
58  
Deferred income  
7,174  
2,427  
7,256  
2,599  
Deferred income relating to service contracts com-  
prises service and repair work as well as telematics  
services and roadside assistance agreed to as part of  
the sale of a vehicle (in some cases multi-component  
arrangements). Deferred income from lease financing  
relates primarily to down payments on leases.  
Grants comprise mainly public sector funds to support  
regional structures and which have been invested  
in the production plants in Brazil, Mexico, Leipzig  
and Berlin. The grants are partly subject to holding  
periods for the assets concerned of up to five years  
andꢀ/ꢀor minimum employment figures. Grant income  
is recognised in the income statement over the useful  
lives of the assets to which they relate.  
3
5
Trade payables  
Trade payables have the following maturities:  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Maturity within one year  
Maturity between one and five years  
Maturity later than five years  
Trade payables  
9,731  
8,512  
9,731  
8,512  
1
67  
OTHER DISCLOSURES  
Regulatory agencies have ordered the BMW Group  
to recall various vehicle models in connection with  
airbags supplied by the Takata group of companies.  
Provision for the costs involved has been recognised  
within warranty provisions. In addition to the risks  
already covered by warranty provisions, it cannot be  
ruled out that further BMW Group vehicles will be  
affected by future recall actions. Further disclosures  
pursuant to IAS 37.86 cannot be provided at present.  
3
6
Contingent liabilities and other financial  
commitments  
Contingent ꢉiaꢊiꢉities  
The following contingent liabilities existed at the  
balance sheet date:  
ꢅther financial commitments  
In addition to liabilities, provisions and contingent  
liabilities, other financial commitments consist in  
particular of rental and leasing contracts for buildings,  
property, machinery, tools, offices and other facilities.  
Contracts have a term of between one and 84 years  
and include in part renewal and purchase options  
or price adjustments in the form of index-linked or  
graduated rent, for example to compensate inflation.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Investment subsidies  
Litigation  
399  
204  
10  
26  
199  
11  
Guarantees*  
Other  
203  
816  
249  
485  
Contingent liabilities  
In 2017, an expense amounting to €ꢀ430 million (2016  
432 million) was recognised for payments on oper-  
ating leases.  
:
*
Prior year's figure has been adjusted.  
Other contingent liabilities comprise mainly risks  
relating to taxes and customs duties.  
The total minimum future leasing payments from  
uncancellable rental contracts and operating leases  
is represented by maturity as follows:  
The BMW Group determines its best estimate of con-  
tingent liabilities on the basis of information available  
at the reporting date. This assessment may change  
over time and is adjusted regularly on the basis of  
new information and circumstances. A part of risks  
is covered by insurance.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
due within one year  
446  
1,179  
849  
447  
1,102  
895  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
Other financial obligations  
2,474  
2,444  
In June 2016, Germanyʼs Federal Cartel Agency con-  
ducted searches at various carmakers and suppliers,  
including BMWAG, in relation to the purchase of steel.  
The respective official investigations have not yet been  
completed. Further disclosures pursuant to IAS 37.86  
cannot be provided at present.  
In addition, the following commitments exist for the  
BMW Group at the reporting date:  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
In July 2017, cartel allegations against five German car  
manufacturers appeared in the press. The BMW Group  
subsequently launched an internal investigation,  
Purchase commitments for  
property, plant and equipment  
4,137  
1,804  
3,141  
1,363  
which has not yet been completed. In October 2017  
,
Purchase commitments for  
intangible assets  
the European Commission began an inspection at the  
BMW Group. A number of class action lawsuits were  
brought in the USA and Canada. Possible risks for the  
BMW Group cannot be quantified at present; further  
disclosures pursuant to IAS 37.86 cannot be provided  
at present.  
1
68  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
37  
Financial instruments  
The carrying amounts of financial instruments are  
assigned to IAS 39 categories and cash funds as fol-  
lows:*  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
Cash funds  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
Loans and receivables  
Available for sale  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Other investments  
366  
534  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
80,434  
78,260  
Derivative instruments  
Cash flow hedges  
Fair value hedges  
Other derivative instruments  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Loans to third parties  
Credit card receivables  
Other  
5,447  
5,287  
112  
248  
184  
129  
287  
145  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Trade receivables  
9,039  
7,880  
2,667  
2,825  
Other assets  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Receivables from companies in which an investment is held  
Collateral receivables  
Other  
276  
1,334  
422  
1,217  
219  
287  
97  
100  
1,108  
1,124  
Total  
9,258  
8,167  
86,363  
84,409  
5,910  
5,921  
lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Financial liabilities  
Bonds  
Liabilities to banks  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Commercial paper  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Derivative instruments  
Cash flow hedges  
Fair value hedges  
Other derivative instruments  
Other  
Trade payables  
Other liabilities  
Payables to subsidiaries  
Payables to other companies in which an investment is held  
Other  
Total  
*
The carrying amounts of cash flow and fair value hedges are allocated to the category “Held for trading” for the sake of clarity.  
1
69  
Fair value option  
1.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
Other liabilities  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
Held for trading  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
3
ASSꢀꢁS  
Other investments  
2
9
26  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
Derivative instruments  
2
2,187  
1,758  
Cash flow hedges  
814  
949  
Fair value hedges  
1,340  
1,215  
Other derivative instruments  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Loans to third parties  
Credit card receivables  
Other  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Trade receivables  
Other assets  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Receivables from companies in which an investment is held  
Collateral receivables  
Other  
3
1
26  
4,341  
3,922  
Total  
lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Financial liabilities  
44,880  
12,658  
13,572  
4,461  
44,421  
14,892  
13,512  
3,852  
Bonds  
Liabilities to banks  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Commercial paper  
16,855  
16,474  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Derivative instruments  
190  
571  
329  
1,694  
870  
767  
Cash flow hedges  
Fair value hedges  
Other derivative instruments  
Other  
1,132  
9,731  
1,249  
8,512  
Trade payables  
Other liabilities  
129  
744  
99  
615  
Payables to subsidiaries  
Payables to other companies in which an investment is held  
Other  
5,949  
5,535  
110,111  
109,161  
1,090  
3,331  
Total  
1
70  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The following table shows the fair values and carry-  
ing amounts of financial assets and liabilities that  
are measured at cost or amortised cost and whose  
carrying amounts differ from their fair value. For  
some balance sheet items it is assumed, due to their  
generally short maturity, that their fair value corre-  
sponds to the carrying amount.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
3
1.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
in € million  
Fair value  
Carrying amount  
Fair value  
Carrying amount  
Receivables from sales financing  
Bonds  
83,853  
45,566  
12,724  
13,588  
17,005  
80,434  
44,880  
12,658  
13,572  
16,855  
81,621  
45,140  
14,942  
13,545  
16,556  
78,260  
44,421  
14,892  
13,512  
16,474  
Liabilities to banks  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Fair value measurement of financial instruments  
The following interest rate curves were used to dis-  
count financial instruments at 31 December 2017:  
ISO Code  
in %  
EUR  
USD  
GBP  
JPY  
CNY  
Interest rate for six months  
Interest rate for one year  
Interest rate for five years  
Interest rate for ten years  
– 0.33  
– 0.26  
0.32  
1.82  
1.88  
2.24  
2.40  
0.86  
0.65  
1.04  
1.29  
– 0.08  
0.03  
0.12  
0.33  
4.87  
4.71  
4.74  
4.88  
0.91  
Interest rates taken from interest rate curves were  
adjusted, where necessary, to take account of the  
credit quality and risk of the underlying financial  
instrument.  
Financial instruments measured at fair value are allo-  
cated to different measurement levels in accordance  
with IFRS 13. This includes financial instruments that  
are  
Commodity derivatives were measured on the basis  
of the following quoted market prices:  
1. measured at their fair values in an active market  
for identical financial instruments (Level 1),  
2
3
. measured at their fair values in an active market  
for comparable financial instruments or using  
measurement models whose main input factors  
are based on observable market data (Level 2), or  
Raw material  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Copper  
USD/t  
USD/t  
7,212.25  
2,258.75  
1,057.00  
925.00  
5,537.00  
1,695.13  
680.96  
903.50  
230.00  
79.65  
Aluminium  
Palladium  
Platinum  
Coking coal  
Iron ore  
USD/oz  
USD/oz  
USD/t  
. using input factors not based on observable  
market data (Level 3).  
265.00  
USD/t  
72.40  
1
71  
The following table shows the amounts allocated to  
each measurement level at the end of the reporting  
period:  
3
1.12. 2017  
Level hierarchy in accordance with IFRS 13  
in € million  
Level 1  
Level 2  
Level 3  
Marketable securities, investment funds and collateral assets – available-for-sale  
5,544  
284  
105  
2
Other investments – available-for-sale / fair value option  
Loans to third parties  
Derivative instruments (assets)  
Interest rate risks  
1,797  
2,008  
534  
2
Currency risks  
Raw materials price risks  
Other risks  
Derivative instruments (liabilities)  
Interest rate risks  
778  
221  
91  
Currency risks  
Raw materials price risks  
3
1.12. 2016  
Level hierarchy in accordance with IFRS 13  
in € million  
Level 1  
Level 2  
Level 3  
Marketable securities, investment funds and collateral assets – available-for-sale  
5,387  
213  
Other investments – available-for-sale / fair value option  
Loans to third parties  
Derivative instruments (assets)  
Interest rate risks  
1,933  
1,842  
147  
Currency risks  
Raw materials price risks  
Other risks  
Derivative instruments (liabilities)  
Interest rate risks  
1,402  
1,479  
450  
Currency risks  
Raw materials price risks  
As in the previous year, there were no reclassifica  
-
tions within the level hierarchy during the financial  
year 2017.  
In situations where a fair value was required for dis-  
closure purposes only, this was determined using the  
discounted cash flow method and taking account of  
the BMW Groupʼs own credit risk. For this reason,  
the fair values calculated can be allocated to Level 2.  
1
72  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Financial instruments recognised at fair value for  
which no market price is available are allocated to  
Level 3. Fair values are determined in accordance with  
the following table:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Fair value  
31.12.2017  
Other Disclosures  
in € million  
Valuation method  
Input Parameter  
Unquoted equity instruments  
105  
Last financing round  
Price per share  
Milestone analysis (quantitative and  
qualitative factors)  
Company performance  
Contractual rights by share class  
Convertible bonds  
2
Last financing round  
Price per share  
Milestone analysis (quantitative and  
qualitative factors)  
Company performance  
Contractual rights by share class  
Options on unquoted equity instruments  
2
Last financing round  
Price per share  
Milestone analysis (quantitative and  
qualitative factors)  
Company performance  
Contractual rights by share class  
Exercise price  
Consideration of exercise price  
Level 3 financial assets relate to investments within a  
private equity fund that was newly established dur-  
ing the financial year under report. Private equity  
companies are valued on the basis of net asset value,  
which is determined using relevant information that  
is not available in the public domain. The fund man-  
ager assesses the underlying individual companies  
in accordance with the guidelines for international  
private equity and venture capital valuations (IPEV).  
Detailed listing and quantification of potential sen-  
sitivities of the input parameters is not considered  
meaningful in view of the valuation methodology  
applied. An increase in input parameters would  
generally also lead to a similar increase in valuation.  
The balance sheet carrying amount of Level 3 financial  
instruments developed as follows:  
Options on  
Unquoted equity  
instruments Convertible bonds  
unquoted equity  
instruments  
Financial Instru-  
ments Level 3  
in € million  
1
. January 2017  
103  
2
2
105  
Additions  
Disposals  
Gains (+)/losses (–) recognised in accumulated other equity  
Gains (+)/losses (–) recognised in the income statement  
Currency translation differences  
8
8
3
3
– 6  
105  
–1  
2
– 7  
109  
3
1. December 2017  
No Level 3 financial instruments existed at the end  
of the previous financial year.  
1
73  
ꢅffsetting of financial instruments  
netting agreements or similar contracts are in place,  
actual offsetting would be possible in principle, for  
instance in the case of insolvency. Offsetting would  
have the following impact on the carrying amounts  
of derivatives:  
In the BMW Group, offsetting of financial assets and  
liabilities relating to derivative financial instruments is  
generally to be considered. No offsetting is recognised  
in the financial statements, however, as the necessary  
criteria are not met. Since legally enforceable master  
3
1.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Reported on Reported on equity  
assets side and liabilities side  
Reported on Reported on equity  
assets side and liabilities side  
in € million  
Balance sheet amounts as reported  
4,341  
– 835  
3,506  
1,090  
– 835  
255  
3,922  
–1,169  
2,753  
3,331  
–1,169  
2,162  
Gross amount of derivatives which can be offset in case of insolvency  
Net amount after offsetting  
Gains and losses on financial instruments  
The following table shows the net gains and losses  
arising for each of the categories of financial instru-  
ment defined by IAS 39:  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Held for trading  
Gains / losses from the use of derivative instruments  
Fair value option  
961  
3
1,265  
Gains / losses on investments measured at fair value through profit and loss  
Available-for-sale  
Gains and losses on sale and fair value measurement of marketable securities held for sale  
(
including investments in subsidiaries and participations measured at cost)  
48  
14  
–155  
13  
Net income from participations and investments in subsidiaries  
Accumulated other equity  
Balance at 1 January  
52  
41  
24  
28  
Total change during the year  
thereof recognised in the income statement during the period under report  
Balance at 31 December  
– 44  
93  
– 39  
52  
Loans and receivables  
Impairment losses / reversals of impairment losses  
Other income / expenses  
–162  
– 94  
– 210  
– 38  
Other liabilities  
Income / expenses  
162  
586  
Gainsꢀ/ꢀlosses from the use of derivatives relate primari-  
ly to fair value gains or losses arising on stand-alone  
derivatives.  
in the default risk. Such credit-risk related changes in  
fair values are calculated as a general rule by deducting  
changes relating to the market risk from the change  
in fair value.  
In the case of financial instruments for which the  
fair value option is applied, no significant changes in  
fair values arose in the financial year 2017 or on an  
accumulated basis which were attributable to changes  
Net interest expenses from interest rate and interest  
rateꢀ/ꢀcurrency swaps amounted to €ꢀ108 million (2016  
€ꢀ120 million).  
:
1
74  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
No impairment losses were recorded in the income  
statement during the year under report (2016:  
€ꢀ76 million) on available-for-sale marketable securities  
reported as investments for which value changes are  
recognised directly in equity. Reversals of impairment  
losses on marketable securities reported as invest-  
ments amounting to €ꢀ67 million (2016: € – million)  
were recognised directly in equity.  
At 31 December 2017, the BMW Group held deriva-  
tive financial instruments (mainly forward currency  
contracts) in order to hedge currency risks attached  
to future or existing transactions. These derivative  
instruments are intended to hedge forecast sales  
denominated in a foreign currency over the coming  
32 months (2016: 44 months). The income statement  
impact of the hedged cash flows will be recognised as  
a general rule in the same periods in which external  
revenues are recognised. It is expected that €ꢀ336 mil-  
lion of net gains, recognised in equity at the end of  
the reporting period, will be reclassified to profit  
and loss in the new financial year (2016: net losses  
of €ꢀ113 million).  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
The disclosure of interest income resulting from the  
unwinding of discount on future expected receipts  
applies at BMW Group only where assets have been  
discounted as part of the process of determining  
impairment losses of financial assets. Due to the  
assumption that the major part of income that is  
subsequently recovered is received within one year,  
the discounted interest is considered insignificant and  
is not taken into account in determining impairment  
losses.  
As in the previous year, the BMW Group held no  
derivative financial instruments at 31 December 2017  
which were designated as cash flow hedges to hedge  
against interest rate risks.  
ꢄash flow hedges  
The impact of cash flow hedges on accumulated other  
equity is shown as follows:  
At 31 December 2017, the BMW Group held deriva-  
tive financial instruments, mainly commodity swaps,  
with terms of up to 46 months (2016: 58 months) to  
hedge raw materials price risks. The income statement  
impact of the hedged cash flows will be recognised  
as a general rule in the same periods in which the  
derivative instruments mature. It is expected that  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Balance at 1 January  
78  
–1,337  
1,415  
55 million of net gains, recognised in equity at the  
Total changes during the year  
1,437  
end of the reporting period, will be reclassified to  
profit and loss in the new financial year (2016: net  
losses of €ꢀ94 million).  
thereof reclassified to the income  
statement  
–103  
550  
Balance at 31 December  
1,515  
78  
ꢈair vaꢉue hedges  
The following table shows gains and losses from fair  
value hedge relationships on hedging instruments  
and hedged items:  
Fair value gains and losses recognised on derivatives  
and recorded initially in accumulated other equity  
are reclassified to cost of sales when the derivatives  
mature.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
No effects were recognised in financial result in 2017  
in connection with forecasting errors and resulting  
Gains / losses on hedging instruments  
designated as part of a fair value hedge  
relationship  
overhedging (2016: losses of €ꢀ  
2
million). Gains due  
– 335  
328  
– 7  
–158  
134  
to the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges amount-  
ing to €ꢀ17 million were recognised in financial result  
Gains / losses from hedged items  
Ineffectiveness of fair value hedges  
– 24  
(
2016: losses of €ꢀ11 million). As in the previous year,  
no effects were recognised in financial result in con-  
nection with forecasting errors relating to cash flow  
hedges for commodities. Losses attributable to the  
ineffective portion of cash flow hedges amounting to  
The difference between the gainsꢀ/ꢀlosses on hedging  
instruments, mainly interest rate swaps and combined  
interest rateꢀ/ꢀcurrency swaps, and the results recog-  
nised on the underlying hedged items represents the  
ineffective portion of fair value hedges.  
1 million were recognised in financial result (2016:  
gains of €ꢀ17 million).  
1
75  
Credit risk  
The credit risk relating to derivative financial instru-  
ments is minimised by the fact that the Group only  
enters into such contracts with parties of first-class  
credit standing. The general credit risk on derivative  
financial instruments utilised by the BMW Group is  
therefore considered to be insignificant.  
Notwithstanding the existence of collateral, the  
carrying amounts of financial assets generally take  
account of the maximum credit risk arising from  
the possibility that counterparties will not be able  
to fulfil their contractual obligations. The maximum  
credit risk for irrevocable credit commitments  
amounts to €ꢀ  
ness (2016: €ꢀ  
27,494 million) for dealership financing.  
1
,
217 million for the credit card busi-  
A concentration of credit risk with particular borrow-  
ers or groups of borrowers has not been identified in  
conjunction with financial instruments.  
1
,
461 million) and €ꢀ27 953 million (2016  
,
:
In the case of all relationships underlying primary  
financial instruments, in order to minimise the cred-  
it risk and depending on the nature and amount of  
exposure, collateral is required, credit information and  
references obtained or historical data based on the  
existing business relationship, in particular payment  
behaviour, reviewed.  
Further disclosures relating to credit risk – in particu-  
lar with regard to the amounts of impairment losses  
recognised – are provided in the explanatory notes  
see to the relevant categories of receivables in notes 23  
,
notes 23, 24  
and 28  
24 and 28.  
Within the financial services business, in the retail  
customer and dealership areas, financed items, for  
example vehicles, equipment and property, serve  
as first-ranking collateral with a recoverable value.  
Security is also put up in the form of collateral asset  
pledges, asset assignment and first-ranking mortgages,  
supplemented where appropriate by warranties and  
guarantees. If an item previously accepted as collat-  
eral is acquired, it undergoes a multi-stage process  
of repossession and disposal in accordance with the  
legal situation prevailing in the relevant market. As  
the assets involved are mainly vehicles, they can be  
converted into cash at any time through the dealership  
organisation.  
Impairment losses are recorded as soon as credit risks  
are identified on individual financial assets, using a  
methodology specifically designed by the BMW Group.  
More detailed information regarding this methodol-  
ogy is provided in the section on accounting policies  
note 4.  
see  
note 4  
Creditworthiness testing is an important aspect of  
the BMW Group’s credit risk management. Every  
borrower’s creditworthiness is tested for all credit  
financing and lease contracts entered into by the  
BMW Group. In the case of retail customer financing,  
creditworthiness is assessed using validated scoring  
systems integrated into the acquisition process. In  
the area of dealership financing, creditworthiness is  
assessed by means of ongoing credit monitoring and  
an internal rating system that takes account not only  
of the material credit standing of the borrower, but  
also of qualitative factors such as past reliability in  
business relations.  
1
76  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Liquidity risk  
The following table shows the maturity structure of  
expected contractual cash flows (undiscounted) for  
financial liabilities:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
3
1.12. 2017  
Other Disclosures  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
11,735  
7,087  
9,546  
10,225  
9,731  
4,463  
466  
27,201  
10,901  
3,656  
3,418  
8,285  
47,221  
17,988  
13,973  
13,773  
9,731  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities to banks  
771  
130  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Trade payables  
Commercial paper  
4,463  
Derivative instruments  
Other financial liabilities  
Total  
637  
111  
451  
9,748  
1,214  
110  
191  
752  
53,363  
46,004  
109,115  
3
1.12. 2016  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
9,954  
7,161  
11,238  
10,140  
8,512  
3,853  
1,983  
72  
26,766  
9,938  
4,234  
3,446  
10,089  
46,809  
17,099  
16,030  
13,719  
8,512  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities to banks  
558  
133  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Trade payables  
Commercial paper  
3,853  
Derivative instruments  
Other financial liabilities  
Total  
2,395  
178  
187  
601  
11,568  
4,565  
851  
52,913  
46,957  
111,438  
The cash flows comprise principal repayments and  
the related interest. The amounts disclosed for deriv-  
ative instruments comprise only cash flows relating  
to derivatives that have a negative fair value at the  
balance sheet date. At 31 December 2017, irrevocable  
credit commitments to dealerships which had not  
been called upon at the end of the reporting period  
amounted to €ꢀ8,812 million (2016: €ꢀ9,194 million).  
This is supported by the longstanding long- and short-  
term ratings issued by Moody’s and Standard & Poor’s.  
Depending on financing requirements and market  
conditions, the BMW Group issues commercial paper  
and corporate bonds in various currencies. Asset-  
backed securities also continue to be issued in various  
currencies. Refinancing is supplemented by customer  
deposits at the Group’s own banks and loans from  
international banks.  
Solvency is assured at all times by managing and moni-  
toring the liquidity situation on the basis of a rolling  
cash flow forecast. The resulting funding requirements  
are secured by a variety of instruments placed on the  
world’s financial markets, with the aim to minimise  
risk by matching maturities with financing require-  
ments and in alignment with a dynamic target debt  
structure. The BMW Group enjoys favourable access  
to capital markets as a result of its continued solid  
financial position and a diversified refinancing strategy.  
As a further reduction of risk, a syndicated credit  
line totalling €ꢀ8 billion (2016: €ꢀ6 billion) assured by  
a consortium of international banks is available to  
the BMW Group. Intra-group cash flow fluctuations  
are balanced out by the use of daily cash pooling  
arrangements.  
1
77  
Market risks  
The starting point for analysis of currency risk in this  
model are the planned foreign currency transactions  
or “exposures”. At the end of the reporting period,  
the main exposures for the relevant coming year were  
as follows:  
The principal market risks to which the BMW Group  
is exposed are currency risk, interest rate risk and raw  
materials price risk.  
Protection against such risks is provided in the first  
instance through natural hedging which arises when  
the values of non-derivative financial instruments  
have matching maturities and amounts (netting).  
Derivative financial instruments are used to reduce  
the risk remaining after netting. Financial instruments  
are used exclusively to hedge underlying positions or  
planned transactions.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Euro / Chinese Renminbi  
Euro / British Pound  
Euro / Korean Won  
Euro / Japanese Yen  
Euro / US Dollar  
10,160  
4,425  
2,460  
1,618  
1,152  
10,467  
4,785  
1,926  
1,510  
3,319  
The scope of action, responsibilities, financial report-  
ing procedures and control mechanisms used for  
financial instruments are set out in detailed internal  
guidelines. This includes, in particular, a clear sepa-  
ration of duties between trading and processing of  
transactions. Currency, interest rate and raw materi-  
als price risks of the BMW Group are managed at a  
corporate level.  
These exposures are compared to all hedges that  
are in place. The net cash flow surplus represents  
an uncovered risk position. The cash-flow-at-risk  
approach involves allocating the impact of potential  
exchange rate fluctuations to operating cash flows on  
the basis of probability distributions. Volatilities and  
correlations serve as input factors to determine the  
relevant probability distributions.  
Further information is provided in the “Report on  
outlook, risks and opportunities” section of the Com-  
bined Management Report.  
The potential negative impact on earnings is calculated  
at the reporting date for each currency for the follow-  
ing financial year on the basis of current market prices  
and exposures with a confidence level of 95% and a  
holding period of up to one year. The risk mitigating  
effect of correlations between the various currencies  
is taken into account when the risks are aggregated.  
ꢄurrency risks  
As an enterprise with worldwide operations, the  
BMW Group conducts business in a variety of cur-  
rencies, from which currency risks arise. Since a  
significant portion of Group revenues is generated  
outside the euro currency region and procurement of  
production materials and funding is also carried out  
on a worldwide basis, currency risk is an extremely  
important factor for Group earnings.  
The following table shows the potential negative  
impact for the BMW Group resulting from unfavour-  
able changes in exchange rates, measured on the  
basis of the cash-flow-at-risk approach. The impact  
for the main currencies, in each case for the following  
financial year, is as follows:  
In order to hedge currency risks, the BMW Group  
holds, as at 31 December 2017, derivative financial  
instruments mostly in the form of forward currency  
contracts.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
A description of the management of this risk is pro-  
vided in the Combined Management Report. The  
BMW Group measures currency risk using a cash-  
flow-at-risk model.  
Euro / Chinese Renminbi  
Euro / British Pound  
Euro / Japanese Yen  
Euro / US Dollar  
193  
154  
98  
249  
134  
70  
50  
278  
30  
Euro / Korean Won  
35  
Currency risk for the BMW Group is concentrated on  
the currencies referred to above.  
1
78  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Interest rate risks  
The following table shows for interest-rate-sensitive  
exposures of the BMW Group the potential fair value  
fluctuation compared with the expected value, meas-  
ured on the basis of the value-at-risk approach:  
The BMW Group’s financial management involves  
the use of standard financial instruments such as  
short-term deposits, investments in variable and  
fixed-income securities as well as securities funds.  
The BMW Group is therefore exposed to risks resulting  
from changes in interest rates.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Euro  
557  
504  
253  
29  
532  
545  
244  
16  
Interest rate risks arise when funds are borrowed and  
invested with differing fixed-rate periods or differing  
terms. All items subject to interest are exposed to  
interest rate risk. Interest rate risks can affect either  
side of the balance sheet.  
US Dollar  
British Pound  
Chinese Renminbi  
Japanese Yen  
19  
14  
The fair values of the Group’s interest rate portfolios  
for the five main currencies were as follows at the end  
of the reporting period:  
ꢆaw materiaꢉ price risk  
The BMW Group is exposed to the risk of price fluc-  
tuations for raw materials. A description of the man-  
agement of these risks is provided in the Combined  
Management Report.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Euro  
28,374  
15,454  
5,262  
4,326  
691  
28,063  
14,340  
5,708  
3,124  
571  
The starting point for the analysis of raw materials  
price risk are planned purchases of raw materials or  
components containing raw materials, i.ꢀe. the expo-  
sure. At the reporting date exposures for the following  
financial year amounted to:  
US Dollar  
British Pound  
Chinese Renminbi  
Japanese Yen  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
3,969  
31.12. 2016  
Interest rate risks can be managed by the use of inter-  
est rate derivatives. The interest rate contracts used  
for hedging purposes comprise mainly swaps, which,  
if hedge accounting is applied, are accounted for as  
fair value hedges. A description of the management  
of interest rate risks is provided in the Combined  
Management Report.  
Raw material price exposures  
3,150  
These exposures are compared to all hedges that are in  
place. The net cash flow surplus represents an uncov-  
ered risk position. The cash-flow-at-risk approach  
involves allocating the impact of potential fluctuations  
in raw material prices to operating cash flows on the  
basis of probability distributions. Volatilities and  
correlations serve as input factors to determine the  
relevant probability distributions.  
As stated there, the BMW Group applies a value-at-risk  
approach throughout the Group for internal reporting  
purposes and to manage interest rate risks. This is  
based on an advanced historical simulation, in which  
the potential future fair value losses of the interest  
rate portfolios compared to expected amounts are  
measured throughout the Group on the basis of a  
holding period of 250 days and a confidence level  
The potential negative impact on earnings is calculated  
at the reporting date for each raw materials category  
for the following financial year on the basis of current  
market prices and exposure with a confidence level of  
95% and a holding period of up to one year. The risk  
mitigating effect of correlations between the various  
categories of raw materials is taken into account when  
the risks are aggregated.  
of 99.98%. Through the aggregation, risk reduction  
effects are identified which are due to correlations  
between the various portfolios.  
1
79  
The following table shows the potential negative  
cost impact for the BMW Group resulting from  
fluctuations in prices across all categories of raw  
materials, measured on the basis of the cash-flow-  
at-risk approach. The risk at the reporting date for  
the following financial year was as follows:  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
409  
31.12. 2016  
Cash flow at risk  
135  
3
8
Related parties  
Transactions of Group entities with related parties  
were carried out without exception in the normal  
course of business of each of the parties concerned  
and at market conditions.  
A significant proportion of the BMW Group’s transac-  
tions with related parties relates to the joint venture  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
Supplies and services  
performed  
Supplies and services  
received  
Receivables  
at 31 December  
Payables  
at 31 December  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
739  
2016  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
5,946  
5,316  
63  
50  
1,333  
1,215  
615  
Business relationships of the BMW Group with other  
associated companies and joint ventures as well as  
with non-consolidated subsidiaries are small in scale.  
Susanne Klatten, Germany, is a shareholder and  
member of the Supervisory Board of BMWAG and  
also a shareholder and Deputy Chairwoman of the  
Supervisory Board of ALTANA AG, Wesel. In 2017  
ALTANA AG, Wesel, acquired vehicles from the  
BMW Group, mainly by way of leasing.  
,
Stefan Quandt, Germany, is a shareholder and Deputy  
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of BMWAG. He is  
also the sole shareholder and Chairman of the Super-  
visory Board of DELTON AG, Bad Homburg v.ꢀd.ꢀH.,  
which, via its subsidiaries, performed logistic-related  
services for the BMW Group during the financial year  
Susanne Klatten, Germany, is also the sole share-  
holder and Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board  
of UnternehmerTUM GmbH, Garching. In 2017,  
the BMW Group bought in services from Unterne-  
hmerTUM GmbH, Garching, mainly in the form of  
consultancy and workshop services.  
2
017. In addition, companies of the DELTON Group  
acquired vehicles from the BMW Group by way of  
leasing.  
Stefan Quandt, Germany, is also the indirect major-  
ity shareholder of SOLARWATT GmbH, Dresden. A  
cooperation exists between BMW Group and SOLAR-  
WATT GmbH, Dresden, within the field of electric  
mobility. The focus of the cooperation is the provision  
of complete photovoltaic solutions for rooftop systems  
In addition, Susanne Klatten, Germany, and Stefan  
Quandt, Germany, are indirectly sole shareholders of  
Entrust Datacard Corp., Shakopee, Minnesota. Stefan  
Quandt is also a member of the supervisory board of  
this entity. In 2017, Entrust Datacard Corp., Shakopee,  
Minnesota, acquired vehicles from the BMW Group  
by way of leasing.  
and carports to BMWi customers. In 2017, SOLAR-  
WATT GmbH, Dresden, acquired vehicles from the  
BMW Group by way of leasing.  
1
80  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Seen from the perspective of BMW Group entities,  
the volume of transactions with the above-mentioned  
entities was as follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
Supplies and services  
performed  
Supplies and services  
received  
Receivables  
at 31 December  
Payables  
at 31 December  
in € thousand  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
DELTON AG  
3,393  
36  
3,546  
309  
2,690  
29  
29,816  
22,554  
94  
5
64  
1
4,464  
1,331  
SOLARWATT GmbH  
ALTANA AG  
2,421  
27  
296  
1,435  
458  
1,227  
360  
337  
36  
50  
UnternehmerTUM GmbH  
Entrust Datacard Corp.  
255  
585  
106  
97  
5
5
Apart from vehicle leasing and financing contracts  
at usual conditions, companies of the BMW Group  
concluded no further transactions with members of  
the Board of Management or Supervisory Board of  
BMWAG. This also applies to close members of the  
families of those persons.  
39  
Share-based remuneration  
The BMW Group provides three share-based pro-  
grammes: the Employee Share Programme for enti-  
tled employees of the BMW Group, a share-based  
remuneration programme for members of the Board  
of Management and a share-based remuneration pro-  
gramme for senior heads of department of BMWAG.  
BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, administers assets on a  
trustee basis to secure obligations relating to pen-  
sions in Germany and is therefore a related party  
of the BMW Group in accordance with IAS 24. This  
entity has no assets of its own. It had no income or  
expenses during the period under report. BMWAG  
bears expenses on an immaterial scale and performs  
services for BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich.  
As part of the Employee Share Programme, non-voting  
shares of preferred stock in BMWAG were granted  
in 2017 to qualifying employees at favourable con-  
see ditions (see note 29 for the number and price of  
note 29  
issued shares). The holding period for these shares is  
up to 31 December 2020. In the financial year 2017  
,
the BMW Group recorded a personnel expense of  
For disclosures relating to key management personnel,  
please see note 41 and the Compensation Report.  
€ꢀ10 million (2016: €ꢀ7 million) for the Employee Share  
see  
note 41  
Programme, corresponding to the difference between  
the market price and the reduced price of the shares  
of preferred stock purchased by employees. The Board  
of Management reserves the right to decide anew each  
year with respect to an Employee Share Programme.  
1
81  
For financial years beginning after  
1
January 2011  
,
The total expense recognised in 2017 for the share-  
based remuneration component of current and former  
Board of Management members and senior heads of  
department was €ꢀ1,642,936 (2016: €ꢀ1,443,227).  
BMW AG has added a share-based remuneration  
component to the existing compensation system for  
Board of Management members.  
Each member of the Board of Management is required  
to invest 20% of his or her total bonus after tax in  
shares of BMWAG common stock, which are record-  
ed in a custodian account of the member concerned  
The fair value of the programmes for Board of Man-  
agement members and senior heads of department  
at the date of grant of the share-based remuneration  
components was €ꢀ  
2
,
311  
,
946  
(
2016: €ꢀ  
1
,
950  
,853), based  
(
annual tranche). Each annual tranche is subject to a  
on a total of 25 694 shares (2016  
,
:
21,  
201 shares) of  
holding period of four years. On completion of the  
holding period, BMWAG grants one additional share  
of BMWAG common stock for every three held or pays  
the equivalent amount in cash (share-based remuner-  
ation component). Separate rules apply in the case of  
death or invalidity of a Board of Management member  
or early termination of the contractual relationship  
before fulfilment of the holding period.  
BMWAG common stock or a corresponding cash-  
based settlement measured at the relevant market  
share price on the grant date.  
Further details on the remuneration of the Board  
of Management are provided in the Compensation  
Report for the financial year 2017.  
With effect from the financial year 2012, qualifying  
senior heads of department are also entitled to select  
a share-based remuneration component, which is  
largely comparable to the share-based remuneration  
arrangements for Board of Management members.  
40  
Declaration with respect to the Corporate  
Governance Code  
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board  
of Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft have  
issued the prescribed Declaration of Compliance  
pursuant to §161 of the German Stock Corporation  
Act. It is reproduced in the Annual Report 2017 of  
the BMW Group and is also permanently available  
to shareholders on the BMW Group website at  
The share-based remuneration component is measured  
at its fair value at each balance sheet date between  
grant and settlement date, and on the settlement date.  
The amounts are recognised as personnel expense  
on a straight-line basis over the vesting period and  
reported in the balance sheet as a provision.  
www.bmwgroup.com/ir  
.
The cash-settlement for the share-based remuneration  
component is measured at its fair value at the balance  
sheet date (based on the closing price of BMWAG  
common stock on the Xetra system at 31 Decem-  
ber 2017).  
The total carrying amount of the provision for the  
share-based remuneration component of current  
and former Board of Management members and  
senior heads of department at 31 December 2017 was  
6,301,785 (2016: €ꢀ5,473,219).  
1
82  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
41  
42  
Compensation of members of the Board of  
Management and Supervisory Board  
The total compensation of the current members of  
the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board  
of BMWAG expensed for the financial year 2017 in  
accordance with IFRS comprised the following:  
Events after the end of the reporting period  
No events have occurred since the end of the financial  
year which could have a major impact on the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets of  
BMWAG and the BMW Group.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
Segment Information  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Compensation to members of the  
Board of Management  
40.2  
7.7  
37.6  
7.8  
Fixed remuneration  
Variable remuneration  
31.7  
0.8  
29.0  
0.8  
Share-based remuneration component  
Allocation to pension provisions  
3.1  
0.9  
2.8  
1.1  
Benefits in conjunction with the  
termination of an employment relationship  
Compensation to members of the  
Supervisory Board  
5.6  
2.0  
5.4  
2.0  
Fixed compensation and attendance fees  
Variable compensation  
3.6  
3.4  
Total expense  
49.8  
46.9  
thereof due within one year  
45.9  
43.3  
The total remuneration of former members of the  
Board of Management and their dependants amount-  
ed to €ꢀ6.7 million (2016: €ꢀ6.5 million).  
Pension obligations to current members of the Board  
of Management are covered by provisions amounting  
to €ꢀ22.0 million (2016: €ꢀ23.6 million), determined in  
accordance with IAS 19 (Employee Benefits). Pen-  
sion obligations to former members of the Board of  
Management and their surviving dependants, also  
determined in accordance with IAS 19, amounted to  
90.1 million (2016: €ꢀ86.4 million).  
The compensation systems for members of the  
Supervisory Board include no stock options, value  
appreciation rights comparable to stock options or  
other stock-based compensation components. Apart  
from vehicle lease and financing contracts at custom-  
ary conditions, no advances or loans were granted  
to members of the Board of Management and the  
Supervisory Board of BMWAG or its subsidiaries, nor  
were any contingent liabilities entered into on their  
behalf.  
Further details on the remuneration of current mem-  
bers of the Board of Management and the Supervisory  
Board can be found in the Compensation Report,  
which is part of the Combined Management Report.  
1
83  
SEGMENT INFORMATION  
Internaꢉ management and reporting  
Segment information is prepared as a general rule  
in conformity with the accounting policies adopted  
for preparing and presenting the Group Financial  
Statements. Exceptions to this general principle are  
the treatment of inter-segment warranties, the earn-  
ings impact of which is allocated to the Automotive  
and Financial Services segments on the basis used  
internally to manage the business, and cross-segment  
impairment losses on investments in subsidiaries.  
Inter-segment receivables and payables, provisions,  
income, expenses and profits are eliminated upon  
consolidation. Inter-segment sales take place at mar-  
ket prices.  
4
3
Explanatory notes to segment information  
Information on reportaꢊꢉe segments  
For the purposes of presenting segment information,  
the activities of the BMW Group are divided into oper-  
ating segments in accordance with IFRS 8 (Operating  
Segments). The segmentation follows the internal  
management and reporting system and takes account  
of the organisational structure of the BMW Group  
based on the various products and services of the  
reportable segments.  
The role of “chief operating decision maker” with  
respect to resource allocation and performance  
assessment of the reportable segment is embodied  
in the full Board of Management. For this purpose,  
different measures of segment performance as well as  
segment assets are taken into account in the operating  
segments.  
The activities of the BMW Group are broken down  
into the operating segments Automotive, Motorcycles,  
Financial Services and Other Entities.  
Within the Automotive segment the BMW Group devel-  
ops, manufactures, assembles and sells automobiles  
and off-road vehicles, under the brands BMW, MINI  
and Rolls-Royce as well as spare parts, accessories  
and mobility services. BMW and MINI brand products  
are sold in Germany through branches of BMWAG  
and by independent, authorised dealerships. Sales  
outside Germany are handled mainly by subsidiary  
companies and by independent import companies in  
some markets. Rolls-Royce brand vehicles are sold in  
the USA, China, Korea, Italy and Russia via subsidiary  
companies and elsewhere by independent, authorised  
dealerships.  
The Automotive and Motorcycles segments are  
managed on the basis of return on capital employed  
(
RoCE). The relevant measure of segment earnings  
is therefore profit before financial result. Capital  
employed is the corresponding measure of segment  
assets used to assess allocation of resources and com-  
prises all current and non-current operational assets  
after deduction of liabilities used operationally which  
are not subject to interest (e.ꢀg. trade payables).  
The success of the Financial Services segment is meas-  
ured on the basis of return on equity (RoE). Profit  
before tax therefore represents the relevant measure  
of segment earnings. The measure of segment assets  
in the Financial Services segment corresponds to net  
assets, defined as total assets less total liabilities.  
Activities relating to the development, manufacture,  
assembly and sale of motorcycles as well as spare  
parts and accessories are reported in the Motorcycles  
segment.  
The success of the Other Entities segment is assessed  
on the basis of profit or loss before tax. The corre-  
sponding measure of segment assets used to manage  
the Other Entities segment is total assets less asset-  
side income tax items and intragroup investments.  
Automobile leasing, fleet business, multi-brand busi-  
ness, retail and dealership financing, customer deposit  
business and insurance activities are the main activities  
allocated to the Financial Services segment.  
Holding and Group financing companies are report-  
ed in the Other Entities segment. This segment also  
includes operating companies BMW Services Ltd.,  
BMW (UK) Investments Ltd. and Bavaria Lloyd Rei-  
sebüro GmbH, which are not allocated to one of the  
other segments.  
1
84  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Segment information by operating segment is as  
follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Automotive  
2017  
Motorcycles  
2017  
Financial Services  
2017 2016  
Segment Information  
in € million  
2016  
2016  
SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ IꢃꢈꢅꢆMAꢁIꢅꢃ  
by ꢅꢋꢀꢆAꢁIꢃG SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ  
External revenues  
Inter-segment revenues  
Total revenues  
70,546  
67,977  
18,447  
86,424  
2,272  
2,062  
7
25,857  
1,710  
24,122  
1,559  
18,035  
88,581  
11  
2,283  
2,069  
27,567  
25,681  
Segment result  
7,863  
738  
7,695  
441  
207  
187  
2,207  
2,166  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Capital expenditure on non-current assets  
Depreciation and amortisation on non-current assets  
6,972  
4,699  
5,699  
4,702  
125  
88  
114  
75  
25,024  
9,992  
25,105  
9,606  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
Financial Services  
31.12. 2017 31.12. 2016  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Segment assets  
11,072  
2,767  
9,411  
2,546  
618  
600  
14,740  
11,049  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
1
85  
Other Entities  
Reconciliation to Group figures  
Group  
2017  
2
017  
2016  
2017  
2016  
2016  
SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ IꢃꢈꢅꢆMAꢁIꢅꢃ  
by ꢅꢋꢀꢆAꢁIꢃG SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ  
3
4
7
2
4
6
–19,760  
–19,760  
– 20,017  
– 20,017  
98,678  
94,163  
External revenues  
Inter-segment revenues  
Total revenues  
98,678  
94,163  
8
0
170  
298  
– 553  
10,655  
738  
9,665  
441  
Segment result  
Result from equity accounted investments  
– 6,728  
– 6,324  
– 6,756  
– 6,271  
25,393  
8,455  
24,162  
8,112  
Capital expenditure on non-current assets  
Depreciation and amortisation on non-current assets  
Other Entities  
Reconciliation to Group figures  
Group  
3
1.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
7
5,121  
75,363  
91,932  
92,112  
193,483  
2,767  
188,535  
2,546  
Segment assets  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
1
86  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Write-downs on inventories to their net realisable  
value amounting to €ꢀ27 million (2016: €ꢀ101 million)  
were recognised by the Automotive segment in the  
financial year 2017. The write-downs recorded in the  
previous year related mainly to accidents and natural  
disasters.  
The total of the segment figures can be reconciled to  
the corresponding Group figures as follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
Segment Information  
Reconciliation of segment result  
Total for reportable segments  
10,357  
10,218  
Financial Services segment result was negatively  
impacted by impairment losses totalling €ꢀ215 million  
Financial result of Automotive  
segment and Motorcycles segment  
826  
– 528  
219  
– 772  
9,665  
(
2016: €ꢀ384 million) recognised on leased products.  
Elimination of inter-segment items  
Income from the reversal of impairment losses on leased  
products totalled €ꢀ11 million (2016: €ꢀ211 million).  
Group profit before tax  
10,655  
Reconciliation of capital expenditure  
on non-current assets  
The Other Entities’ segment result includes interest  
and similar income amounting to €ꢀ1,110 million (2016:  
1,250 million) and interest and similar expenses  
Total for reportable segments  
32,121  
– 6,728  
30,918  
– 6,756  
Elimination of inter-segment items  
amounting to €ꢀ986 million (2016: €ꢀ1,006 million).  
The segment result includes no impairment losses  
on other investments (2016: €ꢀ18 million).  
Total Group capital expenditure  
on non-current assets  
25,393  
24,162  
Reconciliation of depreciation and  
amortisation on non-current assets  
The information disclosed on capital expenditure and  
depreciation and amortisation relates to non-current  
property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and  
leased products.  
Total for reportable segments  
14,779  
– 6,324  
14,383  
– 6,271  
Elimination of inter-segment items  
Total Group depreciation and  
amortisation on non-current assets  
8,455  
8,112  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2016  
Reconciliation of segment assets  
Total for reportable segments  
101,551  
7,829  
96,423  
7,432  
Non-operating assets –  
Other Entities segment  
Total liabilities –  
Financial Services segment  
123,088  
48,193  
126,679  
45,923  
Non-operating assets –  
Automotive and Motorcycles segments  
Liabilities of Automotive  
and Motorcycles segments  
not subject to interest  
35,212  
–122,390  
193,483  
33,858  
–121,780  
188,535  
Elimination of inter-segment items  
Total Group assets  
1
87  
In the information by region, external sales are based  
on the location of the customer. Revenues with major  
customers were not material overall. The information  
disclosed for non-current assets relates to property,  
plant and equipment, intangible assets and leased  
products. Eliminations disclosed for non-current  
assets relate to leased products.  
External revenues  
Non-current assets  
2017  
Information by region  
in € million  
2017  
2016  
2016  
Germany  
13,553  
18,295  
17,110  
31,473  
11,434  
3,838  
2,975  
13,776  
16,619  
16,000  
30,544  
10,466  
3,507  
3,251  
31,678  
85  
29,741  
23  
China  
USA  
20,766  
14,807  
1,588  
2,941  
355  
23,249  
13,910  
1,439  
2,628  
261  
Rest of Europe  
Rest of Asia  
Rest of the Americas  
Other regions  
Eliminations  
Group  
– 8,028  
64,192  
– 7,345  
63,906  
98,678  
94,163  
1
88  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
LIST OF INVESTMENTS AT  
1 DECEMBER 2017  
if they are of “minor significance” for the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets of  
BMWAG pursuant to §286 (3) sentence 1 no.1 HGB  
and §313 (3) sentence 4 HGB. It is also shown in  
the list which subsidiaries apply the exemptions  
available in §264 (3) and §264b HGB with regard  
to the publication of annual financial statements  
and the drawing up of a management report andꢀ/ꢀor  
notes to the financial statements (footnotes 5 and 6).  
The Group Financial Statements of BMWAG serve  
as exempting consolidated financial statements for  
these companies.  
3
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2017  
4
4
List of investments at 31 December 2017  
The List of Investments of BMWAG pursuant to §285  
and §313 HGB is presented below. Disclosures for  
equity and earnings and for investments are not made  
Affiliated companies (subsidiaries) of BꢆW AG at 31 December 2017  
65  
Equity  
Profit/loss Capital invest-  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
DꢅꢆESTꢃꢄꢂ1,12  
BMW Beteiligungs GmbH & Co. KG, Munich6  
BMW INTEC Beteiligungs GmbH, Munich3,6  
BMW Bank GmbH, Munich3  
5,289  
– 5  
1
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
51  
3,558  
1,988  
BMW Finanz Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich  
BMW Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich3,6  
326  
153  
Alphabet International GmbH, Munich4,5,6  
Alphabet Fuhrparkmanagement GmbH, Munich4  
Parkhaus Oberwiesenfeld GmbH, Munich  
BMW Hams Hall Motoren GmbH, Munich4,5,6  
BMW High Power Charging Beteiligungs GmbH, Munich4,6,11  
LARGUS Grundstücks-Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH, Munich  
BMW Vertriebszentren Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich  
BMW Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH, Eisenach3,5,6  
BMW Anlagen Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich3,6  
Bürohaus Petuelring GmbH, Munich  
Bavaria Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH, Munich3,5,6  
BAVARIA-LLOYD Reisebüro GmbH, Munich  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars GmbH, Munich4,5,6  
BMW Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH, Munich  
BMW M GmbH Gesellschaft für individuelle Automobile, Munich3,5,6  
100  
100  
100  
FꢅREꢃGꢁꢇ2  
Europe12  
BMW Holding B.V., The Hague  
BMW International Holding B.V., Rijswijk10  
BMW Österreich Holding GmbH, Steyr  
BMW (UK) Holdings Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW España Finance S.L., Madrid  
BMW Financial Services (GB) Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Motoren GmbH, Steyr  
16,655  
7,913  
3,026  
1,489  
999  
1,959  
15  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
824  
413  
110  
261  
172  
45  
894  
879  
BMW (Schweiz) AG, Dielsdorf  
794  
BMW Malta Ltd., Floriana  
728  
29  
BMW (UK) Manufacturing Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Coordination Center V.o.F., Bornem  
603  
94  
594  
2
1
89  
BMW Finance S.N.C., Guyancourt  
419  
360  
330  
298  
244  
223  
218  
210  
154  
136  
135  
131  
130  
115  
115  
113  
107  
102  
56  
15  
77  
22  
50  
23  
11  
19  
20  
13  
24  
41  
150  
– 3  
12  
17  
7
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW Italia S.p.A., San Donato Milanese  
BMW (UK) Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Belgium Luxembourg S.A./N.V., Bornem  
ALPHABET (GB) Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW France, Montigny-le-Bretonneux  
BMW Financial Services Scandinavia AB, Sollentuna  
BMW Iberica S.A., Madrid  
BMW Finance N.V., The Hague  
BMW Austria Leasing GmbH, Salzburg  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Ltd., Farnborough  
Alphabet Nederland B.V., Breda10  
BMW Russland Trading OOO, Moscow  
BMW i Ventures SCS SICAV-RAIF, Senningerberg11  
BMW Austria Bank GmbH, Salzburg  
Alphabet Belgium Long Term Rental NV, Aartselaar  
BMW International Investment B.V., The Hague  
BMW Vertriebs GmbH, Salzburg  
27  
Bavaria Reinsurance Malta Ltd., Floriana  
APD Industries plc, Farnborough  
BMW Austria Ges.m.b.H., Salzburg  
Alphabet UK Ltd., Glasgow  
BMW Bank OOO, Moscow  
Alphabet España Fleet Management S.A.U., Madrid  
BMW Finanzdienstleistungen (Schweiz) AG, Dielsdorf  
BMW Northern Europe AB, Stockholm  
BMW Financial Services Belgium S.A./N.V., Bornem  
Swindon Pressings Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Financial Services (Ireland) DAC, Dublin  
BMW Financial Services B.V., Rijswijk  
BMW Norge AS, Fornebu  
Alphabet France Fleet Management S.N.C., Rueil-Malmaison  
BMW Services Ltd., Farnborough  
Alphabet Italia Fleet Management S.p.A., Rome  
BMW Portugal Lda., Porto Salvo  
Alphabet Austria Fuhrparkmanagement GmbH, Salzburg  
BMW Retail Nederland B.V., Delft  
BMW Hellas Trade of Cars A.E., Kifissia  
Alphabet Fuhrparkmanagement (Schweiz) AG, Dielsdorf  
BMW Nederland B.V., Rijswijk  
BMW Financial Services Polska Sp. z o.o., Warsaw  
BMW Automotive (Ireland) Ltd., Dublin  
Alphabet France SAS, Rueil-Malmaison  
BMW Amsterdam B.V., Amsterdam  
Alphabet Polska Fleet Management Sp. z o.o., Warsaw  
BMW Financial Services Denmark A/S, Copenhagen  
Park Lane Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Distribution S.A.S., Montigny-le-Bretonneux  
BMW Services Belgium N.V., Bornem  
BMW Renting (Portugal) Lda., Porto Salvo  
BMW Roma S.r.l., Rome  
BMW Danmark A/S, Copenhagen  
Oy BMW Suomi AB, Helsinki  
BMW Den Haag B.V., The Hague  
1
90  
BMW Madrid S.L., Madrid  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW Milano S.r.l., San Donato Milanese  
Société Nouvelle WATT Automobiles SARL, Rueil-Malmaison  
Alphabet Luxembourg S.A., Leudelange  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2017  
BMW (UK) Investments Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Malta Finance Ltd., Floriana  
BiV Carry I SCS, Senningerberg11  
BMW (UK) Capital plc, Farnborough  
Riley Motors Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Central Pension Trustees Ltd., Farnborough  
Triumph Motor Company Ltd., Farnborough  
BLMC Ltd., Farnborough  
Bavarian Sky FTC, Pantin14  
Bavarian Sky UK 1 PLC, London14  
0
Bavarian Sky UK A Limited, London14  
0
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 3, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 4, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 5, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 6, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 7, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Leases 4, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment A, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment B, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky Europe S.A. Compartment A, Luxembourg14  
Bavarian Sky Europe S.A., Luxembourg14  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The Americas  
BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW (US) Holding Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Manufacturing Co., LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Bank of North America, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah  
Financial Services Vehicle Trust, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW US Capital, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW do Brasil Ltda., São Paulo  
2,444  
2,320  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
2,280  
220  
1,431  
303  
1,358  
121  
1,135  
247  
333  
41  
226  
10  
BMW SLP, S.A. de C.V., Villa de Reyes  
187  
– 84  
BMW of North America, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Extended Service Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars NA, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Auto Leasing, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Facility Partners, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW FS Securities LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW FS Funding Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Manufacturing LP, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey  
BMW FS Receivables Corp, Wilmington, Delaware  
SB Acquisitions, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Consolidation Services Co., LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Acquisitions Ltda., São Paulo  
– 288  
– 679  
BMW Leasing de Mexico S.A. de C.V., Mexico City  
BMW Insurance Agency, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Manufacturing Indústria de Motos da Amazônia Ltda., Manaus  
BMW Leasing do Brasil, S.A., São Paulo  
BMW de Argentina S.A., Buenos Aires  
BMW Financial Services de Mexico S.A. de C.V. SOFOM, Mexico City  
BMW de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Mexico City  
1
91  
BMW Financeira S.A. Credito, Financiamento e Investimento, São Paulo  
BMW Receivables 2 Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0
BMW Receivables Limited Partnership, Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW Receivables 1 Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW of Manhattan, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Canada Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2015-2, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2016-1, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2016-2, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2017-1, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2017-2, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2016-A, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2017-A, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Owner Trust 2014-A, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Vehicle Owner Trust 2016-A, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Floorplan Master Owner Trust, Wilmington, Delaware14  
BMW Canada 2015-A, Richmond Hill, Ontario14  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BMW Canada Auto Trust 2015, Richmond Hill, Ontario14  
BMW Canada Auto Trust 2016, Richmond Hill, Ontario14  
BMW Canada Auto Trust 2017-1, Richmond Hill, Ontario14  
0
0
0
Africa  
BMW (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd., Pretoria  
BMW Financial Services (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
Bavarian Sky South Africa (RF) Ltd., Johannesburg14  
SuperDrive Investments (RF) Limited, Cape Town14  
721  
167  
54  
– 6  
100  
100  
0
0
Asia  
BMW Automotive Finance (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing  
BMW China Automotive Trading Ltd., Beijing  
BMW Financial Services Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul  
BMW Japan Finance Corp., Chiba  
1,860  
799  
475  
414  
280  
214  
122  
114  
106  
289  
752  
68  
63  
0
58  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
51  
BMW Japan Corp., Tokyo  
BMW Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul  
16  
10  
88  
63  
BMW India Financial Services Private Ltd., Gurgaon  
BMW (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Bangkok  
BMW Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Rayong  
Herald International Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., Tianjin11  
BMW Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
BMW Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore  
100  
74  
BMW Leasing (Thailand) Co., Ltd., Bangkok  
BMW India Private Ltd., Gurgaon  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0
BMW China Services Ltd., Beijing  
BMW Asia Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
BMW Holding Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
PT BMW Indonesia, Jakarta  
BMW Asia Pacific Capital Pte Ltd., Singapore  
BMW Credit (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
BMW Tokyo Corp., Tokyo  
BMW Lease (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
Bavarian Sky Korea Auto Receivable 1 Pte. Ltd., Singapore14  
Bavarian Sky Korea 2016-1, Seoul14  
Bavarian Sky Korea 2017-1, Seoul14  
Bavarian Sky China 2016-1, Beijing14  
0
0
0
1
92  
Bavarian Sky China 2016-2, Beijing14  
Bavarian Sky China 2017-1, Beijing14  
Bavarian Sky China 2017-2, Beijing14  
Bavarian Sky China 2017-3, Beijing14  
2014-2 ABL, Tokyo14  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2017  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
015-1 ABL, Tokyo14  
015-2 ABL, Tokyo14  
016-1 ABL, Tokyo14  
016-2 ABL, Tokyo14  
017-1 ABL, Tokyo14  
017-2 ABL, Tokyo14  
017-3 ABL, Tokyo14  
Oceania  
BMW Australia Finance Ltd., Mulgrave  
BMW Australia Ltd., Melbourne  
BMW Financial Services New Zealand Ltd., Auckland  
BMW New Zealand Ltd., Auckland  
BMW Sydney Pty. Ltd., Sydney  
380  
134  
13  
15  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0
BMW Melbourne Pty. Ltd., Melbourne  
BMW Australia Trust, Mulgrave, Victoria14  
bMW AG’s non-consoꢉidated companies at 31 ꢄecemꢊer 2017  
66  
Equity  
Profit/loss Capital invest-  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
DꢅꢆESTꢃꢄꢇ7  
Alphabet Fleetservices GmbH, Munich  
BMW i Ventures GmbH, Munich  
Automag GmbH, Munich  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
Digital Charging Solutions GmbH, Munich  
BMW Car IT GmbH, Munich4  
ParkNow GmbH, Munich  
PM Parking Ventures GmbH, Munich  
FꢅREꢃGꢁꢇ7  
Europe  
Alphabet Insurance Services Polska Sp. z o.o., Warsaw  
BMW (GB) Ltd., Farnborough  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW (P + A) Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW (UK) Pensions Services Ltd., Hams Hall  
BMW Car Club Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Drivers Club Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Group Benefit Trust Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW i Ventures B.V., The Hague  
BMW Motorsport Ltd., Farnborough  
Cobalt Holdings Ltd., Basingstoke  
Cobalt Telephone Technologies Ltd., Basingstoke  
Content4all BV, Amsterdam  
John Cooper Garages Ltd., Farnborough  
John Cooper Works Ltd., Farnborough  
OOO BMW Leasing, Moscow  
1
93  
BMW Russland Automotive OOO, Kaliningrad  
Park-line Aqua B.V., The Hague  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
60  
Park-line B.V., The Hague  
Park-line Holding B.V., The Hague  
Parkmobile International Holding B.V., Utrecht  
Parkmobile International B.V., Utrecht  
Parkmobile (UK) Ltd., Basingstoke  
Parkmobile Belgium BvBa, Antwerpen  
Parkmobile Benelux B.V., Amsterdam  
ParkNow France SAS, Versailles  
Parkmobile Group BV, Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Group Holding BV, Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Hellas SA, Athens  
Parkmobile Licenses B.V., Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Ltd., Basingstoke  
100  
100  
100  
100  
90  
Parkmobile Software BV, Amsterdam  
ParkNow Suisse SA, Bulle  
U.T.E. Alphabet España-Bujarkay, Sevilla  
The Americas  
2
17-07 Northern Boulevard Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
65  
BMW Experience Centre Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW i Ventures, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW i Ventures, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Leasing de Argentina S.A., Buenos Aires  
BMW Operations Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Technology Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware  
Designworks/USA, Inc., Newbury Park, California  
MINI Business Innovation, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
Mini Urban X Accelerator SPV, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
ReachNow, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
Parkmobile Montgomery County, LLC, Baltimore, Maryland13  
Parkmobile, LLC, Wilmington, Delaware13  
65  
Parkmobile USA, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia  
100  
100  
100  
Parkmobile Electronic Parking Solutions Canada, Inc., Vancouver  
Toluca Planta de Automoviles, S.A. de C.V., Mexico City  
Africa  
BMW Automobile Distributors (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
BPF Midrand Property Holdings (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
Multisource Properties (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
100  
100  
100  
Asia  
BMW Finance (United Arab Emirates) Ltd., Dubai  
BMW Financial Services Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong  
BMW Hong Kong Services Limited, Hong Kong  
BMW Financial Services Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore  
BMW India Leasing Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon  
BMW India Foundation, Gurgaon  
100  
51  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
70  
BMW Insurance Services Korea Co. Ltd., Seoul  
BMW Philippines Corp., Manila  
Herald Hezhong (Beijing) Automotive Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing  
THEPSATRI Co., Ltd., Bangkok9  
100  
49  
Oceania  
Parkmobile International (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Sydney  
100  
1
94  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
bMW AG’s associated companies, joint ventures and joint operations at 31 ꢄecemꢊer 2017  
• 67  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Equity  
Profit/loss Capital invest-  
List of Investments  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
at 31 December 2017  
Joint ventures – equity accounted  
ꢄꢅMꢀSꢁIC  
DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG, Munich8  
DriveNow Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich8  
IONITY Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Munich8  
42  
– 2  
50  
50  
25  
39  
–11  
ꢈꢅꢆꢀIGꢃ  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd., Shenyang8  
5,377  
2,195  
1,337  
50  
Associated companies – equity accounted  
ꢈꢅꢆꢀIGꢃ  
THERE Holding B.V., Amsterdam8  
362  
33  
Joint operations – proportionately consolidated entities  
ꢄꢅMꢀSꢁIC  
SGL Automotive Carbon Fibers GmbH & Co. KG, Munich8  
52  
41  
9
2
49  
49  
ꢈꢅꢆꢀIGꢃ  
SGL Automotive Carbon Fibers, LLC, Dover, Delaware8  
Not equity accounted or proportionately consolidated entities  
DꢅꢆESTꢃꢄꢇ7  
Encory GmbH, Unterschleißheim  
50  
50  
50  
25  
20  
Digital Energy Solutions GmbH & Co. KG, Munich  
The Retail Performance Company GmbH, Munich  
Abgaszentrum der Automobilindustrie GbR, Weissach  
PDB – Partnership for Dummy Technology and Biomechanics GbR, Gaimersheim  
FꢅREꢃGꢁꢇ7  
BMW Albatha Leasing LLC, Dubai  
BMW Albatha Finance PSC, Dubai  
BMW AVTOTOR Holding B.V., Amsterdam  
Stadspasparkeren B.V., Deurne  
IP Mobile N.V., Brussels  
40  
40  
50  
30  
25  
20  
20  
DSP Concepts, Inc., Dover, Delaware  
Bavarian & Co. Ltd., Incheon  
1
95  
bMW AG’s participations at 31 ꢄecemꢊer 2017  
68  
Equity  
Profit/loss Capital invest-  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
DꢅꢆESTꢃꢄꢇ7  
Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH, Kaiserslautern  
GSB Sonderabfall-Entsorgung Bayern GmbH, Baar-Ebenhausen  
Hubject GmbH, Berlin  
4.6  
3.1  
17.8  
18.9  
9.8  
IVM Industrie-Verband Motorrad GmbH & Co. Dienstleistungs KG, Essen  
Joblinge gemeinnützige AG Berlin, Berlin  
Joblinge gemeinnützige AG Leipzig, Leipzig  
Joblinge gemeinnützige AG München, Munich  
RA Rohstoffallianz GmbH i.L., Berlin  
16.7  
6.2  
10.5  
9.1  
Racer Benchmark Group GmbH, Landsberg am Lech  
SGL Carbon SE, Wiesbaden  
18.3  
FꢅREꢃGꢁꢇ7  
Gios Holding B.V., Oss  
12.0  
1
The amounts shown for the German subsidiaries correspond to the annual financial statements drawn up in accordance with German accounting requirements (HGB).  
The amounts shown for the foreign subsidiaries correspond to the annual financial statements drawn up in accordance with uniform IFRS rules. Equity and earnings not denominated in euro are translated into  
euro using the closing exchange rate at the balance sheet date.  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with BMW AG.  
Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with a subsidiary of BMW AG.  
Exemption from drawing up a management report applied in accordance with § 264 (3) and § 264 b HGB.  
Exemption from publication of financial statements applied in accordance with § 264 (3) and § 264 b HGB.  
These entities are neither consolidated nor accounted for using the equity method due to their overall immateriality for the Group Financial Statements.  
The amounts shown for entities accounted for using the equity method and for proportionately consolidated entities correspond to the annual financial statements drawn up in accordance with uniform  
IFRS rules. Equity not denominated in euro is translated into euro using the closing exchange rate at the balance sheet date, earnings are translated using the average rate.  
Including power to appoint representative bodies.  
Exemption pursuant to Article 2:403 of the Civil Code of the Netherlands (Burgerlijk Wetboek).  
First-time consolidation.  
Deconsolidation in the financial year 2017: BMW Osaka Corp., Tokyo, MITEC Mikroelektronik Mikrotechnik Informatik GmbH, Munich (merger).  
9
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
4
1
00 % acquisition on 3 January 2018.  
Control on basis of economic dependence.  
1
96  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Munich, 15 February 2018  
Bayerische ꢆotoren Werke  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Aktiengesellschaft  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2017  
The Board of Management  
Harald Krüger  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree Markus Duesmann  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Dr. Nicolas Peter  
Oliver Zipse  
Pieter Nota  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
CORPORATE  
GOVERNANCE  
Page 198 Statement on Corporate Governance  
(
Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 198 Information on the Company’s Governing Constitution  
Page 199 Declaration of the Board of Management and  
of the Supervisory Board pursuant to § 161 AktG  
Page 200 Members of the Board of Management  
Page 201 Members of the Supervisory Board  
Page 204 Composition and Work Procedures of the Board of Management  
of BMW AG and its Committees  
Page 206 Composition and Work Procedures of the Supervisory Board  
of BMW AG and its Committees  
Page 213 Disclosures pursuant to the Act on Equal Gender Participation  
Page 214 Information on Corporate Governance  
Practices Applied beyond Mandatory Requirements  
Page 216 Compliance in the BMW Group  
Page 221 Compensation Report  
(
Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 239 Responsibility Statement by the Company’s  
Legal Representatives  
Page 240 Independent Auditor’s Report  
4
4
Corporate  
Governance  
Company’s Govern-  
ing Constitution  
Board of  
Management  
Supervisory Board  
Compliance  
Compensation  
Report  
1
98  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Good corporate governance – acting in accordance  
with the principles of responsible management aimed  
at increasing the value of the business on a sustainable  
basis – is an essential requirement for the BMW Group  
embracing all areas of the business. Corporate culture  
within the BMW Group is founded on transparent  
reporting and communication, corporate governance  
in the interest of all stakeholders, trustful cooperation  
both of the Board of Management and the Supervisory  
Board as well as among employees, and compliance  
with applicable law. The Board of Management and  
Supervisory Board report in this statement on impor-  
tant aspects of corporate governance pursuant to  
STATEMENT ON  
CORPORATE  
GOVERNANCE  
Information on the  
Company’s  
Governing  
Constitution  
§
§289f, §315d HGB and section 3.10 of the German  
Corporate Governance Code (GCGC).  
Information on the Company’s  
Governing Constitution  
The designation BMW Group comprises Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG) and  
its group entities. BMWAG is a stock corporation  
(
Aktiengesellschaft) within the meaning of the  
German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) and  
has its registered office in Munich, Germany. It has  
three representative bodies: the Annual General  
Meeting, the Supervisory Board and the Board of  
Management. The duties and powers of those bodies  
derive from the Stock Corporation Act and the  
Articles of Incorporation of BMWAG. Shareholders,  
as the owners of the business, exercise their rights at  
the Annual General Meeting. The Annual General  
Meeting decides in particular on the utilisation of  
unappropriated profit, the ratification of the acts of  
the members of the Board of Management and the  
Supervisory Board, the appointment of the external  
auditor, changes to the Articles of Incorporation and  
certain capital measures, and elects the shareholders’  
representatives to the Supervisory Board. The Board of  
Management is responsible for managing the Company  
and is monitored and advised by the Supervisory  
Board. The Supervisory Board appoints the members  
of the Board of Management and can, for an important  
reason, revoke an appointment at any time. The Board  
of Management informs the Supervisory Board and  
reports to it regularly, promptly and comprehensively,  
in line with the principles of conscientious and faithful  
accounting and in accordance with the law and the  
reporting duties determined by the Supervisory Board.  
The Board of Management requires the approval of  
the Supervisory Board for certain major transactions.  
The Supervisory Board is not, however, authorised to  
undertake management measures itself.  
The close interaction between Board of Management  
and Supervisory Board in the interests of the Company  
as described above is also known as a “two-tier board  
structure”.  
1
99  
Declaration of the Board of Management and of the  
Supervisory Board of Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft with respect to the recommen-  
dations of the “Government Commission on the  
German Corporate Governance Code” pursuant to  
4. It is recommended in section 4.2.5 sentences 5  
and 6 of the Code that specified information  
pertaining to management board compensation  
be disclosed in the Compensation Report. These  
recommendations have not been and will not be  
complied with, due to uncertainties as to whether  
the supplementary use of model tables – particularly  
in view of the transition from one remuneration  
system to a new system – would be instrumental  
in making the BMWAG’s Compensation Report  
transparent and generally understandable in  
accordance with generally applicable financial  
reporting requirements (see section 4.2.5 sen-  
tence 3 of the Code).  
§
161 German Stock Corporation Act  
The Board of Management and Supervisory Board  
of Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft  
(
BMW AG”) declare the following regarding the  
recommendations of the “Government Commission  
on the German Corporate Governance Code”:  
1
. Since issuance of the last Declaration in Decem-  
ber 2016, BMWAG has complied with all of the  
recommendations published officially on 12 June  
2
5
015 in the Federal Gazette (Code version dated  
May 2015), with the exception – as previously  
Munich, December 2017  
reported – of section 4.2.5 sentences 5 and 6.  
Bayerische ꢆotoren Werke  
2
. BMWꢁAG will in future comply with all of the recom-  
mendations published officially on 24 April 2017 in  
the Federal Gazette (Code version dated 7 February  
Aktiengesellschaft  
2017), with the exception of section 4.2.3 sentence 9  
On behalf of the  
On behalf of the  
and section 4.2.5 sentences 5 and 6.  
Supervisory Board  
Board of Management  
3
. It is recommended in section 4.2.3 sentence 9 of  
the Code that subsequent amendments to per-  
formance targets or comparison parameters for  
variable remuneration components be excluded.  
BMWAG remains committed to this principle.  
A one-off departure from the recommendation is,  
however, planned for the financial year 2018 in  
conjunction with the implementation of a new  
remuneration system for the Board of Manage-  
ment: in order to implement the new remuneration  
system with effect from the coming financial  
year 2018 – rather than with effect from the finan-  
cial year 2020 – it is intended to cancel the targets  
previously set for the variable remuneration com-  
ponents for the financial years 2018 and 2019  
and to replace them for the financial year 2018  
onwards with targets based on the target system  
specified in the new remuneration system.  
Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h.  
Norbert Reithofer  
Chairman  
Harald Krüger  
Chairman  
2
00  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
MEMBERS OF THE  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
ꢄr. ꢃicoꢉas ꢋeter (*1962)  
Finance  
Mandates  
Members of the  
Board of  
Management  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
(Deputy Chairman)  
Members of the  
Supervisory Board  
BMW Nederland B.ꢀV. (until 14 February 2017)  
ꢇaraꢉd Krüger (*1965)  
Chairman  
Dr. ꢃan Robertson (HonDSc) (*1958)  
Sales and Brand BMW,  
Aftersales BMW Group  
(until 31December 2017)  
Miꢉagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree (*1962)  
Human Resources, Industrial Relations Director  
Mandates  
Weybourne Limited (from 3 January 2017  
until 19 October 2017)  
Weybourne Group Limited  
Weybourne Investments Holdings  
(until 19 October 2017)  
Markus ꢄuesmann (*1969)  
Purchasing and Supplier Network  
Weybourne Management Limited  
Kꢉaus ꢈröhꢉich (*1960)  
Development  
ꢋeter Schwarzenꢊauer (*1959)  
MINI, Rolls-Royce, BMW Motorrad,  
Customer Engagement and  
Mandates  
HERE International B.V. (until 28 February 2018)  
Digital Business Innovation BMW Group  
Mandates  
ꢋieter ꢃota (*1964)  
Sales and Brand BMW, Aftersales BMW Group  
Scout24 AG (since 8 June 2017)  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited (Chairman)  
(since 1January 2018)  
ꢅꢉiver Zipse (*1964)  
Production  
Mandates  
BMW (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd. (Chairman)  
BMW Motoren GmbH (Chairman)  
General Counsel:  
ꢄr. Jürgen ꢆeuꢉ  
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
01  
MEMBERS OF THE  
SUPERVISORY BOARD  
Dr. jur. Karl-Ludwig Kley (*1951)  
Member since 2008  
Deputy Chairman  
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the E.ON SE  
and of the Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft  
Mandates  
E.ON SE (Chairman)  
Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft  
(Chairman, since 25 September 2017)  
Verizon Communications Inc. (until 3 May 2018)  
Dr.-ꢃng. Dr.-ꢃng. E.ꢂh. ꢁorbert Reithofer (*1956)  
Member since 2015  
Chairman  
Former Chairman of the Board of  
Management of BMWAG  
Mandates  
2
ꢄhristiane Bennerꢂ (*1968)  
Member since 2014  
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft  
Henkel AG & Co. KGaA (Shareholders’ Committee)  
Second Chairman of IG Metall  
ꢈranz ꢇanieꢉ (*1955)  
Member since 2004  
Entrepreneur  
1
ꢆanfred Schoch (*1955)  
Member since 1988  
Deputy Chairman  
Mandates  
Chairman of the European  
and General Works Council  
Industrial Engineer  
DELTON AG (Deputy Chairman)  
Franz Haniel & Cie. GmbH (Chairman)  
Heraeus Holding GmbH  
TBG Limited  
Stefan quandt (*1966)  
Member since 1997  
Deputy Chairman  
Entrepreneur  
3
Ralf Hattlerꢂ (*1968)  
Member since 2017  
Head of Purchasing Indirect Goods and Services,  
Raw Material, Production Partner  
Mandates  
DELTON AG (Chairman)  
AQTON SE (Chairman)  
Entrust Datacard Corp.  
ꢄr.-Ing. ꢇeinrich ꢇiesinger (*1960)  
Member since 11May 2017  
Chairman of the Board of Management  
of thyssenkrupp AG  
1
Stefan Schmidꢂ (*1965)  
Member since 2007  
Mandates  
Deputy Chairman  
Chairman of the Works Council, Dingolfing  
thyssenkrupp Elevator AG (Chairman)  
thyssenkrupp Steel Europe AG (Chairman)  
thyssenkrupp (China) Ltd. (Chairman)  
1
Employee representatives (company employees).  
Employee representatives (union representatives).  
Employee representatives (members of senior management).  
2
3
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
02  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢀrof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.ꢂc. Reinhard Hüttl (*1957)  
Member since 2008  
Dr. h.ꢂc. Robert W. Lane (*1949)  
Member since 2009  
Chairman of the Executive Board  
of Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam  
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum – GFZ  
University Professor  
Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of  
Deere & Company  
Members of the  
Supervisory Board  
Mandates  
General Electric Company (until 8 October 2017)  
2
rof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr.-ꢃng. E.ꢂh.  
Horst Lischkaꢂ (*1963)  
ꢇenning Kagermann (*1947)  
Member from 2010 until 11May 2017  
President of acatech – Deutsche Akademie der  
Technikwissenschaften e.ꢀV.  
Mandates  
Member since 2009  
General Representative of IG Metall Munich  
Mandates  
KraussMaffei Group GmbH  
MAN Truck & Bus AG  
Deutsche Bank AG  
Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH  
Deutsche Post AG  
Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft  
Aktiengesellschaft in München  
1
Willibald Löwꢂ (*1956)  
Member since 1999  
Chairman of the Works Council, Landshut  
Susanne Kꢉatten (*1962)  
Member since 1997  
Entrepreneur  
Mandates  
Simone Menne (*1960)  
Member since 2015  
ALTANA AG (Deputy Chairman)  
SGL Carbon SE (Chairman)  
UnternehmerTUM GmbH (Chairman)  
Former Member of Management of  
Boehringer Ingelheim Gruppe  
Mandates  
Deutsche Post AG  
ꢋrof. ꢄr. rer. poꢉ. ꢆenate Köcher (*1952)  
Member since 2008  
Director of Institut für Demoskopie  
Allensbach Gesellschaft zum Studium der  
öffentlichen Meinung mbH  
Mandates  
Allianz SE (until 3 May 2017)  
Infineon Technologies AG  
Nestlé Deutschland AG  
Robert Bosch GmbH  
1
Employee representatives (company employees).  
Employee representatives (union representatives).  
Employee representatives (members of senior management).  
2
3
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
03  
1
Dr. Dominique ꢆohabeerꢂ (*1963)  
Member since 2012  
Member of the Works Council, Munich  
1
Brigitte Rödigꢂ (*1963)  
Member since 2013  
Member of the Works Council, Dingolfing  
2
Jürgen Wechslerꢂ (*1955)  
Member since 2011  
Regional Head of IG Metall Bavaria  
Mandates  
Schaeffler AG (Deputy Chairman)  
Siemens Healthcare GmbH (Deputy Chairman)  
1
Werner Ziererꢂ (*1959)  
Member since 2001  
Chairman of the Works Council, Regensburg  
1
Employee representatives (company employees).  
Employee representatives (union representatives).  
Employee representatives (members of senior management).  
2
3
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
04  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
COMPOSITION AND WORK  
PROCEDURES OF THE  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
OF BMW AG AND ITS  
COMMITTEES  
the Operations Committee and the Committee for  
Executive Management Matters. At its meetings, the  
Board of Management defines the overall framework  
for business strategies and the use of resources, takes  
decisions regarding the implementation of strategies  
and deals with issues of particular importance to the  
BMW Group. The full Board also takes decisions at a  
basic policy level relating to the Group’s automobile  
product strategies and product projects inasmuch as  
these are relevant for all brands. The Board of Man-  
agement and its committees may, as required and  
depending on the subject matters being discussed,  
invite non-voting advisers to participate at meetings.  
Composition and  
Work Procedures  
of the Board of  
Management of  
BMW AG and its  
Committees  
The Board of Management manages the enterprise  
under its own responsibility, acting in the interests  
of the BMW Group with the aim of achieving sustain-  
able growth in value. The interests of shareholders,  
employees and other stakeholders are also taken into  
account in the pursuit of this aim.  
Terms of reference approved by the Board of Man-  
agement contain a planned allocation of divisional  
responsibilities between the individual Board mem-  
bers. These terms of reference also incorporate the  
principle that the full Board of Management bears  
The Board of Management determines the strategic  
orientation of the enterprise, agrees upon it with the  
Supervisory Board and ensures its implementation.  
The Board of Management is responsible for ensuring  
that all provisions of law and internal regulations are  
complied with. Further details about compliance  
within the BMW Group can be found in the Corporate  
Governance section of the Annual Report. The Board  
of Management is also responsible for ensuring that  
appropriate risk management and risk controlling  
systems are in place throughout the Group.  
joint responsibility for all matters of particular impor-  
tance and scope. In addition, members of the Board of  
Management manage the relevant portfolio of duties  
under their responsibility, whereby case-by-case rules  
can be put in place for cross-divisional projects. Board  
members continually provide the Chairman of the  
Board of Management with all information regarding  
major transactions and developments within their  
area of responsibility. The Chairman of the Board  
of Management coordinates cross-divisional matters  
with the overall targets and plans of the BMW Group,  
involving other Board members to the extent that divi-  
sions within their area of responsibility are affected.  
During their period of employment for BMWAG,  
members of the Board of Management are bound by  
a comprehensive non-competition clause. They are  
required to act in the enterprise’s best interests and  
may not pursue personal interests in their decisions  
or take advantage of business opportunities intended  
for the enterprise. They may only undertake ancillary  
activities, in particular supervisory board mandates  
outside the BMW Group, with the approval of the  
Supervisory Board’s Personnel Committee. Each  
member of the Board of Management of BMWAG is  
obliged to disclose conflicts of interest to the Super-  
visory Board without delay and inform the other  
members of the Board of Management accordingly.  
In the financial year 2017, the Board of Management  
made its decisions at meetings generally held on a  
weekly basis which were convened, coordinated and  
headed by the Chairman of the Board of Management.  
At the request of the Chairman, decisions can also  
be taken outside of Board meetings if none of the  
Board members object to this procedure. A meeting  
is quorate if all Board of Management members are  
invited to the meeting in good time. Members unable  
to attend any meeting are entitled to vote in writing,  
by fax or by telephone. Votes cast by phone must be  
subsequently confirmed in writing. Except in urgent  
cases, matters relating to a division for which the  
responsible Board member is not present will only  
be discussed and decided upon with that member’s  
consent.  
Following the appointment of a new member to the  
Board of Management, the BMW Group Corporate  
Governance Officer informs the new member of the  
framework conditions under which the Board mem-  
ber’s duties are to be carried out – in particular those  
enshrined in the BMW Group’s Corporate Govern-  
ance Code – as well as the duty to cooperate when a  
transaction or event triggers reporting requirements  
or requires the approval of the Supervisory Board.  
Unless stipulated otherwise by law or in BMWAG’s  
statutes, the Board of Management makes decisions  
on the basis of a simple majority of votes cast at meet-  
ings. Outside of Board meetings, decisions are taken  
on the basis of a simple majority of Board members.  
In the event of a tied vote, the Chairman of the Board  
of Management has the casting vote. Any changes  
to the Board’s terms of reference must be passed  
The Board of Management consults and takes  
decisions as a collegiate body in meetings of the  
Board of Management, the Sustainability Board,  
2
05  
unanimously. A Board meeting may only be held if  
more than half of the Board members are present.  
their entirety or individually (such as the executive  
management structure, potential candidates for exec-  
utive management, nominations for or promotions to  
senior management positions). This committee has,  
on the one hand, an advisory and preparatory role  
(e.ꢀg. making suggestions for promotions to the two  
remuneration groups below Board level and preparing  
decisions to be taken at Board meetings with regard  
to human resources principles with the emphasis on  
executive management issues) and a decision-making  
function on the other (e.ꢀg. deciding on appointments  
to senior management positions and promotions to  
higher remuneration groups or the wording of human  
resources principles decided on by the full Board). The  
Committee has two members who are entitled to vote  
at meetings, namely the Chairman of the Board of  
Management (who also chairs the meetings) and the  
Board member responsible for Human Resources. The  
Head of Human Resources Management and Services  
as well as the Head of Human Resources Executive  
Management also participate in these meetings in an  
advisory function. At the request of the Chairman,  
resolutions may also be passed outside of committee  
meetings by casting votes in writing, by fax or by  
telephone if the other member entitled to vote does  
not object immediately. The Committee for Executive  
Management Matters convenes up to six times a year.  
In the event that the Chairman of the Board of  
Management is not present or is unable to attend  
a meeting, the member of the Board responsible for  
Finance will represent him.  
Minutes are taken of all meetings and the Board of  
Management’s resolutions and signed by the Chair-  
man. Decisions taken by the Board of Management  
are binding for all employees.  
The rules relating to meetings and resolutions taken  
by the full Board of Management are also applicable  
for its committees.  
Members of the Board of Management not represent-  
ed in a committee are provided with the agendas and  
minutes of committee meetings. Committee matters  
are dealt with in full Board meetings if the committee  
considers it necessary or at the request of a member  
of the Board of Management.  
A secretariat for Board of Management matters has  
been established to assist the Chairman and other  
Board members with the preparation and follow-up  
work connected with Board meetings.  
The Board of Management is represented by its Chair-  
man in its dealings with the Supervisory Board. The  
Chairman of the Board of Management maintains  
regular contact with the Chairman of the Supervisory  
Board and keeps him informed of all important mat-  
ters. The Supervisory Board has passed a resolution  
specifying the information and reporting duties of the  
Board of Management. As a general rule, in the case  
of reports required by law, the Board of Management  
submits its reports to the Supervisory Board in writing.  
To the extent possible, documents required as a basis  
for taking decisions are sent to the members of the  
Supervisory Board in good time before the relevant  
meeting. Regarding transactions of fundamental  
importance, the Supervisory Board has resolved  
that a specific approval from the Supervisory Board  
is required. Whenever necessary, the Chairman of  
the Board of Management obtains the approval of  
the Supervisory Board and ensures that reporting  
duties to the Supervisory Board are complied with. In  
order to fulfil these tasks, the Chairman is supported  
by all members of the Board of Management. The  
fundamental principle followed when reporting to  
the Supervisory Board is that the latter should be kept  
informed regularly, without delay and comprehen-  
sively of all significant matters relating to planning,  
business performance, risk exposures, risk manage-  
ment and compliance, as well as any major variances  
between actual business development and plans and  
targets, and the relevant reasons.  
At meetings of the Operations Committee (general-  
ly held every two weeks), decisions are reached in  
connection with automobile product projects, based  
on the strategic orientation and decision framework  
stipulated at Board of Management meetings. The  
Operations Committee comprises the Board of  
Management member responsible for Development  
(
who also chairs the meetings), together with the  
Board members responsible for the following areas:  
Purchasing and Supplier Network; Production; Sales  
and Brand BMW, Aftersales BMW Group (until 28 Feb-  
ruary 2018); and MINI, Rolls-Royce, BMW Motorrad,  
Customer Engagement and Digital Business Innovation  
BMW Group (until 28 February 2018). If the committee  
chairman is not present or unable to attend a meeting,  
the member of the Board responsible for Production  
represents him. Resolutions taken at meetings of the  
Operations Committee are made online.  
The full Board usually convenes up to twice a year in  
its function as Sustainability Board in order to define  
strategy with regard to sustainability and decide upon  
measures to implement that strategy. The Head of  
Corporate Affairs and the Representative for Sus-  
tainability and Environmental Protection participate  
in these meetings in an advisory capacity.  
The Board’s Committee for Executive Management  
Matters deals with enterprise-wide issues affecting  
executive managers of the BMW Group, either in  
2
06  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
COMPOSITION AND WORK  
PROCEDURES OF THE  
SUPERVISORY BOARD OF  
BMW AG AND ITS  
The Supervisory Board is quorate if all members have  
been invited to the meeting and at least half the mem-  
bers of whom it is required to comprise participate  
in the vote. A resolution relating to an agenda item  
not included in the invitation is only valid if none of  
the members of the Supervisory Board who were not  
present at the meeting object to the resolution and if  
a minimum of two-thirds of the members are present.  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
COMMITTEES  
Resolutions of the Supervisory Board are generally  
passed by a simple majority. The German Co-determina-  
tion Act contains specific legal requirements with regard  
to majorities and technical procedures, particularly with  
regard to the appointment and removal of management  
Board members and the election of Chairman or Deputy  
Chairman of the Supervisory Board. In the event of a  
tied vote in the Supervisory Board, the Chairman of  
the Supervisory Board has two votes in a renewed vote,  
assuming it also results in a tie.  
BMWAG’s Supervisory Board is composed of ten share-  
holder representatives (elected by the Annual General  
Meeting) and ten employee representatives (elected in  
accordance with the Co-Determination Act). The ten  
Supervisory Board members representing employees  
comprise seven Company employees, including one  
executive staff representative, and three members elect-  
ed following nomination by unions. The Supervisory  
Board has the task of advising and supervising the Board  
of Management in its management of the BMW Group.  
It is involved in all decisions of fundamental importance  
for the BMW Group. The Supervisory Board appoints  
the members of the Board of Management and decides  
upon the level of compensation they receive. The Super-  
visory Board can revoke appointments for important  
reasons.  
In practice, resolutions are regularly passed by the  
Supervisory Board and its committees at meetings.  
Supervisory Board members who are not present can  
submit their vote via another Supervisory Board member  
in written, fax or electronic form. This rule also applies  
for the second vote of the Chairman of the Supervisory  
Board. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board can also  
grant a period of time in which all members not present  
at a meeting may retrospectively vote. In special cases,  
resolutions may also be passed outside of meetings, in  
particular in writing, by fax or by electronic means.  
Resolutions and meetings are recorded in minutes,  
which are signed by the relevant Chairman.  
The Supervisory Board holds a minimum of two meet-  
ings per calendar half-year. Normally, five plenary  
meetings are held per calendar year. One meeting each  
year is planned to extend to several days and is used,  
among other things, to enable an in-depth exchange on  
strategic and technological matters. The main topics of  
meetings in the period under report are summarised  
in the Report of the Supervisory Board. Shareholder  
representatives and employee representatives generally  
prepare Supervisory Board meetings separately and  
occasionally with members of the Board of Manage-  
ment. Members of the Supervisory Board are specif-  
ically legally bound to maintain secrecy with respect  
to confidential reports they receive and confidential  
discussions in which they partake.  
Following its meetings, the Supervisory Board generally  
requests information on new vehicle models in the form  
of a short presentation.  
Following the election of a new Supervisory Board  
member, the Corporate Governance Officer informs  
the new member of the main framework for performing  
duties, in particular the BMW Group Corporate Gov-  
ernance Code and individual contributions required in  
circumstances which trigger reporting obligations or are  
subject to Supervisory Board approval.  
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board coordinates  
work within the Supervisory Board, convenes and  
chairs its meetings, handles the external affairs of the  
Supervisory Board and represents it before the Board  
of Management.  
Members of the Supervisory Board of BMWAG take  
care to ensure that they have sufficient time to perform  
their mandate. If members of the Supervisory Board of  
BMWAG are also members of the management board of  
a listed company, they may not accept more than three  
mandates on non-BMW Group supervisory boards of  
listed companies or in other bodies with comparable  
requirements.  
2
07  
The Supervisory Board regularly assesses the efficiency  
of its activities. To this end, shared discussion is con-  
ducted within the Supervisory Board and individual  
meetings held with the Chairman, prepared on the basis  
of a questionnaire sent in advance, which is drawn up  
by the Supervisory Board.  
According to the rules of procedure, the Chairman of the  
Supervisory Board is, by virtue of this function, member  
and Chairman of the Presiding Board, the Personnel  
Committee and the Nomination Committee.  
see Report of  
the Supervisory  
Board for the  
The number of meetings held by the Presiding Board  
and committees depends on requirements. The Pre-  
number of siding Board, the Personnel Committee and the Audit  
Members of the Supervisory Board of BMW AG are  
obliged to act in the best interest of the organisation as  
a whole. They may not pursue personal interests in their  
decisions or take advantage of business opportunities  
intended to benefit the BMW Group.  
meetings during  
the year 2017  
Committee generally hold several meetings in the course  
of the year.  
In line with the rules of procedure for the activities of  
the plenum, the Supervisory Board has set out proce-  
dural rules for the Presiding Board and committees.  
Committees are quorate only when all members par-  
ticipate. Committee resolutions are passed by a simple  
majority, unless otherwise stipulated by law.  
Members of the Supervisory Board are obliged to inform  
the Supervisory Board of any conflicts of interest, in  
particular those resulting from a consulting or executive  
role with clients, suppliers, lenders or other business  
partners, so that the Supervisory Board can report to  
the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on  
its treatment of the issue. Material and non-temporary  
conflicts of interest of a Supervisory Board member  
result in a termination of mandate.  
Members of the Supervisory Board may not delegate  
their duties to others. However, the Supervisory Board,  
the Presiding Board and the committees may call on  
experts and informed persons to attend meetings and  
advise on specific matters.  
In proposing candidates for election as members of the  
Supervisory Board, care is taken that the Supervisory  
Board collectively has the required knowledge, skills and  
expertise to perform its tasks appropriately.  
The Supervisory Board, the Presiding Board and com-  
mittees also meet without the Board of Management  
when necessary.  
The Supervisory Board has stated specific targets  
for its composition, agreed to a diversity concept and  
determined a competency profile.  
see section  
Composition  
targets for the  
Supervisory  
Board”  
BMWAG ensures that the Supervisory Board and its  
committees are appropriately equipped to carry out  
their duties. This includes providing a central Supervi-  
sory Board office to support the chairpersons in their  
coordination work.  
Members of the Supervisory Board are responsible for  
undertaking any training required for the performance  
of their duties. The Company provides them with appro-  
priate assistance therein.  
In accordance with rules of procedure, the Presiding  
Board comprises the Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
and Deputies. The Presiding Board prepares Superviso-  
Taking into account the specific circumstances of  
the BMW Group and the number of Board members,  
see “Overview ry Board meetings to the extent that the subject matter  
of Supervisory  
does not fall within the remit of a committee. This  
Board commit-  
the Supervisory Board has set up a Presiding Board tees and their  
and four committees: the Personnel Committee, the  
includes, for example, preparing the annual Declaration  
of Compliance with the German Corporate Governance  
Code and assessment of Supervisory Board efficiency.  
composition”  
Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee and the  
Mediation Committee. These serve to raise the efficiency  
of the Supervisory Board’s work and facilitate handling  
of complex issues. Establishment and function of a  
mediation committee is prescribed by law. Committee  
chairpersons report in detail on committee work at each  
plenary meeting of the Supervisory Board.  
Composition of the Presiding Board and the committees  
is based on legal requirements, the Articles of Incor-  
poration, rules of procedure and corporate governance  
principles, while taking into particular account the  
expertise of Board members.  
2
08  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
The Personnel Committee prepares decisions of the  
Supervisory Board with regard to the appointment and,  
where applicable, removal of members of the Board of  
Management and, together with the full Supervisory  
Board and the Board of Management, ensures long-  
term succession planning. The Personnel Committee  
also prepares decisions of the Supervisory Board with  
regard to Board of Management compensation and the  
regular review of the compensation system for the Board  
of Management. In conjunction with resolutions taken  
by the Supervisory Board regarding the compensation  
of the Board of Management, the Personnel Committee  
is responsible for drawing up, amending and revoking  
employment contracts or, when necessary, to prepare  
and conclude other relevant contracts with members  
of the Board of Management. In certain cases, the  
Personnel Committee is also authorised to grant the  
necessary approval of a business transaction on behalf of  
the Supervisory Board. This includes cases of providing  
loans to members of the Board of Management or Super-  
visory Board, certain contractual arrangements with  
members of the Supervisory Board, taking into account  
related parties, as well as ancillary activities of members  
of the Board of Management, in particular acceptance  
of non-BMW Group supervisory board mandates.  
In line with the recommendations of the German Cor-  
porate Governance Code, the Chairman of the Audit  
Committee is independent, and not a former Chairman  
of the Board of Management, and has special knowledge  
and experience in the application of financial reporting  
standards and internal control procedures. He also  
fulfils the requirement of being a financial expert as  
defined by §100 (5) and §107 (4) AktG.  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
The Nomination Committee is charged with the task of  
finding suitable candidates for election to the Super-  
visory Board as shareholder representatives and to  
propose them to the Supervisory Board for election at  
the Annual General Meeting. In line with the recom-  
mendations of the German Corporate Governance Code,  
the Nomination Committee is exclusively composed of  
shareholder representatives.  
The establishment and composition of a mediation com-  
mittee are prescribed by the German Co-determination  
Act. The Mediation Committee has the task of making  
proposals to the Supervisory Board if a resolution for the  
appointment of a member of the Board of Management  
has not been carried by the necessary two-thirds major-  
ity of members’ votes. In accordance with statutory  
requirements, the Mediation Committee comprises the  
Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory  
Board, one member selected by shareholder represent-  
atives and one by employee representatives.  
The Audit Committee deals in particular with the super-  
vision of the financial reporting process, effectiveness  
of the internal control system, the risk management  
system, internal audit system and compliance as well  
as the performance of Supervisory Board duties in  
connection with audits pursuant to §32 of the German  
Securities Trading Act (WpHG). It also oversees the  
audit of financial statements, auditor independence  
and any additional work performed by the auditor. It  
prepares the proposal for the election of the auditor at  
the Annual General Meeting, makes a relevant recom-  
mendation, issues the audit engagement and agrees on  
additional areas of audit focus as well as the auditor’s fee.  
The Audit Committee prepares the Supervisory Board’s  
resolution relating to the Company and Group Financial  
Statements and discusses interim reports with the Board  
of Management prior to publication. Additionally, the  
Audit Committee deals with the non-financial report-  
ing, prepares the audit of the Supervisory Board and  
the engagement of an external auditor and issues the  
audit engagement. The Audit Committee also decides  
on the Supervisory Board’s agreement on the use of  
Authorised Capital 2014 (Article 4 no.5 of the Articles  
of Incorporation) and on amendments to the Articles  
of Incorporation which only affect its wording.  
2
09  
ꢅverview of Supervisory Board committees  
and their composition  
Principal duties, basis for activities  
Members  
ꢋꢆꢀSIꢄIꢃG bꢅAꢆꢄ  
preparation of Supervisory Board meetings to the extent that the subject matter to be  
discussed does not fall within the remit of a committee  
Norbert Reithofer1  
Manfred Schoch  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
Karl-Ludwig Kley  
activities based on terms of reference  
ꢋꢀꢆSꢅꢃꢃꢀl CꢅMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
preparation of decisions relating to the appointment and revocation of appointment of  
members of the Board of Management, the compensation and the regular review of the  
Board of Management’s compensation system  
Norbert Reithofer1  
Manfred Schoch  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
Karl-Ludwig Kley  
conclusion, amendment and revocation of employment contracts (in conjunction with  
the resolutions taken by the Supervisory Board regarding the compensation of the Board  
of Management) and other contracts with members of the Board of Management  
decisions relating to the approval of ancillary activities of Board of Management  
members, including acceptance of non-BMW Group supervisory mandates as well as the  
approval of transactions requiring Supervisory Board approval by dint of law (e.g. loans  
to Board of Management or Supervisory Board members)  
set up in accordance with the recommendation contained in the German Corporate  
Governance Code, activities based on terms of reference  
AꢂꢄIꢁ CꢅMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
supervision of the financial reporting process, the effectiveness of the internal control  
system, the risk management system, internal audit arrangements and compliance as  
well as the performance of Supervisory Board duties in connection with audits pursuant  
to § 32 of the German Securities Trading Act (WpHG)  
Karl-Ludwig Kley1, 2  
Norbert Reithofer  
Manfred Schoch  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
supervision of external audit, in particular auditor independence and additional work  
performed by external auditor  
preparation of proposals for election of external auditor at Annual General Meeting,  
engagement of external auditor and compliance of audit engagement, determination of  
additional areas of audit emphasis and fee agreements with external auditor  
preparation of Supervisory Board’s resolution on Company and  
Group Financial Statements  
discussion of interim reports with Board of Management prior to publication  
preparation of the Supervisory Board’s audit of the non-financial reporting, preparation of  
the selection of the auditor for non-financial reporting and engagement of the auditor  
decision on approval for utilisation of Authorised Capital 2014  
amendments to Articles of Incorporation only affecting wording  
establishment in accordance with the recommendation contained in the  
German Corporate Governance Code, activities based on terms of reference  
ꢃꢅMIꢃAꢁIꢅꢃ CꢅMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
identification of suitable candidates (male / female) as shareholder representatives on the Norbert Reithofer1  
Supervisory Board to be put forward for inclusion in the Supervisory Board’s proposals for Susanne Klatten  
election at the Annual General Meeting  
Karl-Ludwig Kley  
Stefan Quandt  
establishment in accordance with the recommendation contained in the German Corpo-  
rate Governance Code, activities based on terms of reference  
(
In line with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance  
Code, the Nomination Committee comprises only shareholder  
representatives.)  
MꢀꢄIAꢁIꢅꢃ CꢅMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
proposal to Supervisory Board if resolution for appointment of Board of Management  
member has not been carried by the necessary two-thirds majority of Supervisory Board Manfred Schoch  
Norbert Reithofer  
members’ votes  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
committee required by law  
(
In accordance with statutory requirements, the Mediation Committee  
comprises the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
and one member each selected by shareholder representatives and  
employee representatives.)  
1
Chair.  
2
(
Independent) financial expert within the meaning of §§ 100 (5) and 107 (4) AktG, no. 5.3.2 GCGC.  
2
10  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Board of Management succession planning,  
diversity concept  
In accordance with the recommendation of the  
German Corporate Governance Code, the  
Supervisory Board has set a standard age limit  
for Board of Management membership. This  
aims at a retirement age of 60. Consideration is  
also given to achieving an appropriate age mix  
within the Board of Management.  
The Supervisory Board, in collaboration with the  
Personnel Committee and the Board of Management,  
ensures long-term succession planning. In their assess-  
ment of candidates for Board of Management posi-  
tions, the underlying suitability criteria applied by the  
Supervisory Board are expertise in the relevant function,  
outstanding leadership qualities, proven track record  
and knowledge of the Company. The Supervisory Board  
has adopted a diversity concept for the composition  
of the Board of Management, which is also aligned  
with recommendations of the German Corporate  
Governance Code. In considering which individuals  
would best complement the Board of Management, the  
Supervisory Board also takes diversity into account. The  
criteria diversity is taken by the Supervisory Board to  
encompass in particular different, mutually comple-  
mentary profiles, professional and life experiences also  
at the international level and an appropriate gender  
representation. In reaching its decisions, the Supervi-  
sory Board also considers the following:  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
When selecting an individual for a particular Board  
of Management position, the Supervisory Board  
decides in the best interests of the Group and after  
due consideration of all relevant circumstances. The  
Personnel Committee takes into account the diversity  
concept described above when selecting candidates,  
in order to ensure that the Board of Management has  
a diverse composition. In the Supervisory Board’s  
opinion, the composition of the Board of Management  
as at 31 December 2017 is in line with the defined  
diversity concept. For ease of comparison with the  
diversity concept, the curricula vitae of members of  
the Board of Management are available on the inter-  
net. In particular, the Board of Management has one  
female member and the various work, educational  
and life experiences of the members of the Board of  
Management complement each other.  
The members of the Board of Management should  
have a long-standing track record of manage-  
ment experience, ideally with experience in  
different professional fields.  
Composition objectives of the Supervisory Board,  
competency profile, diversity concept  
The Supervisory Board is to be composed in such a way  
that its members collectively possess the knowledge,  
skills and experience required to properly perform  
its tasks.  
At least two members should have international  
management experience.  
At least two members of the Board of Manage-  
ment should have a technical background.  
The Board of Management should collectively  
To this end, the Supervisory Board of BMWAG has  
approved the following objectives for its composition,  
including a competency profile. These objectives also  
describe the concept for achieving diversity in the com-  
position of the Supervisory Board (diversity concept):  
have extensive experience in the fields of deve-  
lopment, production, sales and marketing, fi-  
nances and human resources.  
The Supervisory Board has stipulated a target  
for the proportion of women on the Board of  
Management. This is outlined in the section  
Four members of the Supervisory Board should  
if possible have international experience or  
specialist knowledge of one or more non-German  
markets important to the BMW Group.  
Disclosures pursuant to the Act on Equal  
Gender Participation”. The Board of Management  
reports to the Personnel Committee and the  
Supervisory Board at regular intervals on the  
proportion and development of women in  
senior management positions, in particular at  
executive levels.  
2
11  
The Supervisory Board should include if possible  
seven members who have acquired in-depth  
knowledge and experience within the  
BMW Group, though no more than two former  
members of the Board of Management.  
No persons carrying out directorship functions  
or advisory tasks for important competitors of  
the BMW Group may belong to the Supervisory  
Board. In compliance with applicable law, mem-  
bers of the Supervisory Board are to take care  
that no persons will be nominated for election  
for whom a significant, non-temporary conflict  
of interests could arise due to other activities  
and functions carried out by them outside the  
BMW Group, in particular advisory activities  
or directorships with customers, suppliers, credi-  
tors or other business partners.  
Three of the shareholder representatives in the  
Supervisory Board should if possible be entrepre-  
neurs or persons who have previous experience in  
the management or supervision of another  
medium or large-sized company.  
Three members of the Supervisory Board should  
if possible be persons from the fields of business,  
science or research who have experience in areas  
relevant to the BMW Group, for example chem-  
istry, energy supply, information technology, or  
who have specialist knowledge in fields relevant  
for the future of the BMW Group, for example  
customer requirements, mobility, resources or  
sustainability.  
An age limit for membership of the Supervisory  
Board of 70 years is generally to be applied. In  
exceptional cases, members may remain on the  
Board until the end of the next Annual General  
Meeting after reaching the age of 73, in order to  
fulfil legal requirements or to facilitate smooth  
succession in the case of key roles or specialist  
qualifications.  
When seeking qualified individuals for the Super-  
visory Board whose specialist skills and leader-  
ship qualities are most likely to strengthen the  
Board as a whole, consideration is also to be  
given to diversity. When preparing nominations,  
the extent to which the work of the Supervisory  
Board benefits from diversified professional and  
personal backgrounds (including international  
aspects) and from an appropriate gender repre-  
sentation is also to be taken into account. It is  
the joint responsibility of all those participating  
in the nomination and election process to ensure  
that qualified women are considered for Super-  
visory Board membership.  
As a general rule, members of the Supervisory  
Board should not hold office for longer than  
until the end of the Annual General Meeting at  
which the resolution is passed ratifying the  
member’s activities for the 14th financial year  
after the beginning of the member’s first period  
of office. This excludes the financial year in which  
the first period of office began. This rule does  
not apply to natural persons who either directly  
or indirectly hold significant investments in the  
Company. In the Company’s interest, deviation  
from the general maximum period is possible,  
for instance in order to work towards another  
composition target, in particular diversity of  
gender and technical, professional and personal  
backgrounds.  
Of the 20 members of the Supervisory Board at  
least 12 should be independent members within  
the meaning of section 5.4.2 of the German  
Corporate Governance Code, including at least  
six as representatives of the Company’s share-  
holders.  
Two independent members of the Supervisory  
Board should have expert knowledge of account-  
ing or auditing.  
2
12  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
The time schedule set by the Supervisory Board for  
achieving the above-mentioned composition targets is  
the period up to 31 December 2018. The nomination  
committee of the Supervisory Board already takes  
into account the composition targets in its proposal  
of potential candidates as representatives of the share-  
holders. This enables diversity in the composition of  
the Supervisory Board and ensures that the Super-  
visory Board collectively possesses the knowledge,  
skills and experience required to properly perform  
its duties. Proposals for nomination made by the  
Supervisory Board to the Annual General Meeting –  
insofar as they apply to shareholder Supervisory Board  
members – should take account of these objectives in  
such a way that they can be achieved with the support  
of the appropriate resolutions of the Annual General  
Meeting. The Annual General Meeting is not bound  
by proposed nominations for election. The voting  
freedom of employees in the vote for the employee  
members of the Supervisory Board is also protected.  
Under the rules stipulated by the German Co-Determi-  
nation Act, the Supervisory Board does not have  
the right to nominate employee representatives for  
election. The objectives which the Supervisory Board  
has set itself with regard to its composition are there-  
fore not intended to be instructions to those entitled  
to vote or restrictions on their voting freedom.  
knowledge in subjects relevant for the future of the  
BMW Group, such as customer requirements, mobility,  
resources, sustainability and information technology.  
For the purpose of assessing the independence of its  
members, the Supervisory Board follows the recom-  
mendations of the German Corporate Governance  
Code. In the opinion of the Supervisory Board, nei-  
ther ownership of a substantial shareholding in the  
Company, or office as an employee representative, or  
previous membership of the Board of Management,  
rules out independence of a Supervisory Board mem-  
ber. A substantial and not merely temporary conflict  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
Disclosures pursuant  
to the Act on Equal  
Gender Participation –  
Targets for the  
Proportion of Women  
on the Board of  
Management and at  
Executive Manage-  
ment Levels I and II  
of interests within the meaning of section 5.4.2 of the  
German Corporate Governance Code does not apply  
to any of the Supervisory Board members. Employees  
holding office in the Supervisory Board are protected  
by applicable law when performing their duties. All  
other Supervisory Board members have a sufficient  
degree of economic independence from the Company.  
Business with entities, in which the members of the  
Supervisory Board carry out a significant function, is  
conducted on an arm’s length basis. The Supervisory  
Board has therefore concluded that all of its mem-  
bers are independent. These are: Dr.-Ing. Norbert  
Reithofer, Manfred Schoch, Stefan Quandt, Stefan  
Schmid, Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley, Christiane Benner,  
Franz Haniel, Ralf Hattler, Dr.-Ing. Heinrich  
Hiesinger, Prof. Dr. Reinhard Hüttl, Susanne Klatten,  
Prof. Dr. Renate Köcher, Dr. Robert W. Lane, Horst  
Lischka, Willibald Löw, Simone Menne, Dr. Dominique  
Mohabeer, Brigitte Rödig, Jürgen Wechsler and Werner  
Zierer. At least two members meet the requirements  
of an independent financial expert. These are  
Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley and Simone Menne. At the end  
of the reporting period, the Supervisory Board had six  
female members (30%), comprising three shareholder  
representatives and three employee representatives.  
The Supervisory Board has 14 male members (70%),  
comprising seven shareholder representatives and  
seven employee representatives. The Company there-  
fore complies with the statutory gender quota of at  
least 30% female members applicable in Germany  
since 1 January 2016. At present, no member of the  
Supervisory Board is older than 70 years.  
In the Supervisory Board’s opinion, its composition  
as at 31 December 2017 fulfilled the composition  
objectives detailed above. For ease of comparison  
with composition targets, brief curricula vitae of  
the current members of the Supervisory Board are  
available on the Company’s website at www.bmwgroup.com  
.
Information relating to members’ practised profes-  
sions and mandates in other statutory supervisory  
boards and equivalent national or foreign company  
boards, including the length of periods of service on  
the Supervisory Board, is provided in the section  
Statement on Corporate Governance. Based on this  
information, it is evident that the Supervisory Board of  
BMWAG is highly diversified, with significantly more  
than the targeted four members having international  
experience or specialist knowledge with regard to one  
or more of the non-German markets important to the  
BMW Group. In-depth knowledge and experience  
from within the Company are provided by seven  
employee representatives, as well as the Chairman  
of the Supervisory Board. Only one previous Board of  
Management member holds office in the Supervisory  
Board. At least four members of the Supervisory Board  
have experience in managing another company. The  
Supervisory Board also has three entrepreneurs as  
members. Most of the members of the Supervisory  
Board – including employee representatives – have  
experience in supervising another medium-sized or  
large company. Moreover, more than three members of  
the Supervisory Board have experience and specialist  
2
13  
DISCLOSURES PURSUANT  
TO THE ACT ON EQUAL  
Management level is defined in terms of functional  
level and follows a comprehensive job evaluation  
system based on Mercer.  
GENDER PARTICIPATION –  
TARGETS FOR THE PROPOR-  
TION OF WOMEN ON THE  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
AND AT EXECUTIVE MAN-  
AGEMENT LEVELS I AND II  
ꢋroportion of femaꢉe executives within  
management / function levels ꢃ and ꢃꢃ  
at bMW AG  
69  
in %  
1
5
0
0
8
.0  
7.5  
The Act on Equal Participation of Women and Men  
in Executive Positions in the Private and the Public  
Sector (“Act on Equal Gender Participation”) was  
passed into German law in 2015.  
Function level I  
Function level II  
In accordance with this legislation, the Supervisory  
Board of BMWAG is required to set a target for the  
proportion of women on its Board of Management  
and a time frame for meeting this target. Likewise,  
the Board of Management of BMWAG is required to  
establish targets for the two executive management  
levels below the Board of Management and a time  
frame for attaining these targets. As its target for  
the Board of Management for the time frame from  
Diversity contributes to greater competitiveness and  
innovation at the BMW Group. Working together in  
mixed, complementary teams raises performance  
levels and increases customer focus. Promoting  
an appropriate gender ratio is seen as an essential  
component of the BMW Groupʼs diversity concept.  
Increasing the proportion of women therefore remains  
an objective of the Board of Management.  
1
January 2017 to 31 December 2020, the Supervisory  
Board has stipulated that the Board of Management  
should continue to have at least one female member.  
Assuming that the Board of Management continues  
to comprise eight members, this would correspond to  
a proportion of at least 12.5%. At 31 December 2017,  
the Board of Management had one female member  
The proportion of women in the workforce as a whole  
increased again during the financial year under report,  
as a result of long-term measures, dialogue and infor-  
mation events. Further information on the topic of  
diversity within the BMW Group can be found in the  
section “Workforce”.  
(
12.5%). The Supervisory Board considers it desirable  
to increase the proportion of women on the Board of  
Management and fully supports the Board of Man-  
agement’s endeavours to increase the proportion of  
women at the highest executive management levels  
within the BMW Group.  
For the time frame from 11 January 2017 to 31 Decem-  
ber 2020, the Board of Management has set a target  
range of 10  
management and  
1 December 2017, the proportion of women within  
.
2
% to 12  
.
0
% for the first level of executive  
8
.
0
% to 10 % for the second. At  
.0  
3
the first executive management level stood at 8.0%  
and at 7.5% within the second.  
2
14  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
INFORMATION ON  
Social responsibility towards employees and  
along the supplier chain  
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE  
PRACTICES APPLIED  
BEYOND MANDATORY  
REQUIREMENTS  
The BMW Group stands by its social responsibilities.  
Our corporate culture combines the drive for success  
with openness, trust and transparency. We are well  
aware of our responsibility towards society. Socially  
sustainable human resource policies and compliance  
with social standards are based on various interna-  
tionally recognised guidelines. The BMW Group is  
committed to the OECD’s guidelines for multinational  
companies and the contents of the ICC Business  
Charter for Sustainable Development. Details of the  
contents of these guidelines and other relevant infor-  
Information on Cor-  
porate Governance  
Practices Applied  
Beyond Mandatory  
Requirements  
Core vaꢉues  
Within the BMW Group, the Board of Management,  
the Supervisory Board and the employees base their  
actions on five core values which are the cornerstone  
of the success of the BMW Group:  
mation can be found at www.oecd.org and  
www.iccwbo.org.  
The Board of Management signed the United Nations  
Global Compact in 2001 and, in 2005, together with  
employee representatives, issued a “Joint Declaration  
on Human Rights and Working Conditions in the  
BMW Group”. This Joint Declaration was reconfirmed  
in 2010. With the signature of these documents, we  
have given our commitment to abide worldwide by  
internationally recognised human rights and with the  
fundamental working standards of the International  
Labour Organization (ILO). These include in particular  
freedom of employment, the principle of non-dis-  
crimination, freedom of association and the right to  
collective bargaining, the prohibition of child labour,  
appropriate remuneration, regulated working times  
and compliance with work and safety regulations.  
The complete text of the UN Global Compact and  
the recommendations of the ILO and other relevant  
Responsibility  
We take consistent decisions and commit to them  
personally. This allows us to work freely and more  
effectively.  
Appreciation  
We reflect on our actions, respect each other, offer  
clear feedback and celebrate success.  
Transparency  
We acknowledge concerns and identify inconsisten-  
cies in a constructive way. We act with integrity.  
ꢁrust  
information can be found at  
www.unglobalcompact.org and  
We trust and rely on each other. This is essential if we  
are to act swiftly and achieve our goals.  
www.ilo.org. The Joint Declaration on Human Rights  
and Working Conditions in the BMW Group can  
be found at  
www.bmwgroup.com under the menu items  
ꢅpenness  
“Downloads” and “Responsibility”.  
We are excited by change and open to new opportu-  
nities. We learn from our mistakes.  
2
15  
For the BMW Group, worldwide compliance of these  
fundamental principles and rights is self-evident.  
Since 2005 employees’ awareness of this issue has  
therefore been raised by means of regular internal  
communications and training on recent developments  
in this area. The “Compliance Contact” helpline  
and the BMW Group SpeakUP Line are available to  
employees wishing to raise queries or complaints  
relating to human rights issues. With effect from 2016  
,
human rights have been incorporated as an integral  
component of the BMW Group’s worldwide Compli-  
ance Management System, representing a further step  
in the systematic implementation of the UN Guiding  
Principles on Business and Human Rights.  
Further information on social responsibility towards  
employees can be found in the section “Workforce”.  
Sustainable business management can only be  
effective, however, if it covers the entire value-added  
chain. That is why the BMW Group not only sets high  
standards for itself, but also expects its suppliers and  
partners to meet the ecological and social standards it  
sets and strives continually to improve the efficiency  
of processes, measures and activities. For instance,  
we consistently require our dealers and importers  
to comply with ecological and social standards on a  
contractual basis. Moreover, corresponding criteria  
are embedded throughout the entire purchasing  
system – including in enquiries to suppliers, in the  
sector-wide OEM Sustainability Questionnaire, in our  
purchasing terms and in our evaluation of suppli-  
ers – in order to promote sustainability aspects in  
line with the BMW Group Sustainability Standard.  
The BMW Group expects suppliers to ensure that  
the BMW Group’s sustainability criteria are also  
adhered to by their sub-suppliers. A spot check of  
supplier facilities is conducted with sustainability  
audits and assessments. In 2017, the Human Rights  
Contact Supply Chain was established for reporting of  
sustainability infringements in the supply chain. Pur-  
chasing terms and conditions and other information  
relating to purchasing can be found in the publicly  
available section of the BMW Group Partner Portal  
at  
https://b2b.bmw.com.  
We also work in close partnership with our suppliers  
and promote their commitment to sustainability.  
2
16  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
COMPLIANCE IN THE  
BMW GROUP  
The BMW Group Compliance Committee reports  
regularly to the Board of Management on all compli-  
ance-related issues, including the progress made in  
refining the BMW Group Compliance Management  
System, details of investigations performed, known  
infringements of the law, sanctions imposed and cor-  
rective or preventative measures implemented. This  
also ensures that the Board of Management is imme-  
diately notified of any cases of particular significance.  
Compliance in the  
BMW Group  
Responsible and lawful conduct is fundamental to the  
success of the BMW Group. It is an integral part of  
our corporate culture and the reason why customers,  
shareholders, business partners and the general public  
place their trust in us. The Board of Management and  
all employees of the BMW Group are obliged to act  
responsibly and in compliance with applicable laws  
and regulations. The BMW Group expects its competi-  
tors and business partners to do the same.  
BꢆW Group ꢄompliance ꢆanagement System  
• 70  
In order to protect itself systematically against com-  
pliance-related and reputational risks, the Board of  
Management created a Compliance Committee several  
years ago and mandated the establishment of a Com-  
pliance Management System within the BMW Group.  
Supervisory Board BꢆWAG  
Annual  
Report  
board of Management bMWAG  
Annual  
Report  
bMW Group Compꢉiance Committee  
bMW Group Compꢉiance Committee  
The BMW Group Compliance Management System  
consists of a programme of instruments and measures,  
employed to ensure that the BMW Group, its repre-  
sentative bodies, its managers and staff act in a lawful  
manner. Particular emphasis is placed on measures to  
avoid risks relating to antitrust legislation, corruption  
and money laundering.  
ꢅffice  
Annual  
Compliance  
Reporting  
ꢄompany-wide ꢄompliance  
ꢃetwork  
The BMW Group Compliance Committee comprises  
the heads of the following departments: Legal Affairs,  
Corporate and Governmental Affairs, Corporate  
Audit, Group Reporting, Organisational Development  
and Corporate Human Resources. It manages and  
monitors activities necessary to avoid violations of  
the law. These include communication and training  
measures, compliance controls and subsequent sanc-  
tions in cases of non-compliance.  
Compꢉiance Instruments and  
Measures of the bMW Group  
Compliance  
Risk Analysis  
Legal Compliance Code  
and Regulations  
Compliance  
Investigations  
and Controls  
Compliance  
Communication  
Compliance  
Reporting  
Compliance  
Training  
Compliance  
Contact and  
SpeakUP Line  
Compliance  
Governance and  
Processes  
The Board of Management keeps track of and analyses  
compliance-related developments and trends on the  
basis of the Group’s compliance reporting and advice  
from the BMW Group Compliance Committee. Meas-  
ures to improve the Compliance Management System  
are initiated on the basis of identified requirements.  
2
17  
The Chairman of the BMW Group Compliance  
Committee reports to the Audit Committee of the  
Supervisory Board on the current status of compliance  
activities within the BMW Group, both on a regular  
and a case-by-case basis.  
Compliance measures are determined and priori-  
tised on the basis of a group-wide compliance risk  
assessment that is updated annually. Measures are  
realised with the aid of a regionally structured com-  
pliance management team, covering all parts of the  
BMW Group and oversees a network of more than  
210 compliance responsibles with 72 local compliance  
functions.  
The decisions taken by the BMW Group Compliance  
Committee are drafted in concept, and implemented  
operationally, by the BMW Group Compliance Com-  
mittee Office. The BMW Group Compliance Com-  
mittee Office comprises 14 employees and reports  
organisationally to the Chairman of the Board of  
Management.  
More than 41,000 managers and staff worldwide have  
received training in essential compliance matters since  
the introduction of the BMW Group Compliance Man-  
agement System. The training material is available on  
an Internet-based training platform in German and  
English and includes a final test. Successful comple-  
tion of the training programme, which is documented  
by a certificate, is mandatory for all BMW Group man-  
agers. Appropriate human resources processes are in  
place to ensure that all newly recruited managers and  
promoted staff undergo compliance training. In this  
way, the BMW Group ensures full training coverage  
for its managers in compliance matters.  
The BMW Group Compliance Committee Office is  
supported by local compliance functions, especially  
in connection with operational implementation of  
compliance topics. Establishment of 72 local compli-  
ance functions was completed in 2017. Their activities  
follow a standardised management process with  
clearly defined tasks and responsibilities. The heads  
of these functions serve as the Compliance Officer  
for the respective organisational unit.  
In addition to basic learning, training for specific  
target groups is also provided on special compliance  
issues, such as antitrust compliance. Since 2011, a  
total of more than 24,000 managers and staff whose  
functions or specific tasks involve exchange with com-  
petitors have completed online training in antitrust  
compliance.  
The various elements of the BMW Group Compliance  
Management System are shown in the diagram on the  
previous page and are applicable to all BMW Group  
organisational units worldwide. The BMW Group  
Legal Compliance Code forms the core of the Group’s  
Compliance Management System, in which the Board  
of Management affirms its joint commitment to com-  
pliance (“tone from the top”). The Code also explains  
the significance of legal compliance and provides an  
overview of the various areas of relevance for the  
BMW Group. It is available both as a printed brochure  
and for download in German and English. In addition,  
translations into nine other languages are available  
in the BMW Group intranet.  
Additional classroom training has also been provid-  
ed to make employees who participate in meetings  
with competitors or work with suppliers or sales  
partners sufficiently aware of antitrust risks. In 2017,  
over 1,900 managers and staff attended these face-to-  
face training sessions.  
Additional compliance coaching has also been imple-  
mented for international sales and financial service  
units in local markets. These multi-day classroom  
seminars strengthen the awareness in selected organ-  
isational units and enhance cooperation between the  
central BMW Group Compliance Committee Office  
and the local compliance functions. In 2017, mar-  
ket coaching was conducted in Australia, Belgium,  
China, Ireland, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland,  
Switzerland, Thailand, the UK and the US.  
The BMW Group Legal Compliance Code is supple-  
mented by a range of internal policies, guidelines and  
instructions, which in part reflect applicable legal  
requirements. The BMW Group Policy “Corruption  
Prevention” and the BMW Group Instruction “Corpo-  
rate Hospitality and Gifts” deserve particular mention:  
these documents explain lawful handling of gifts and  
benefits and define appropriate assessment criteria  
and approval procedures. The BMW Group Policy  
“Antitrust Compliance” establishes binding rules of  
conduct for all employees across the BMW Group  
to prevent unlawful restriction of competition. In  
response to the entry into force of the EU’s Fourth  
Anti-Money-Laundering Directive, specific anti-  
money-laundering rules have been revised or intro-  
duced locally in 13 organisational units.  
The BMW Group held its first global Compliance Con-  
ference in 2017. The event was attended by around  
120 Compliance Officers and staff with compliance-re-  
lated responsibilities from roughly 50 organisational  
units. The main focus was on strengthening the  
compliance network and sharing ideas on current  
and future compliance topics.  
2
18  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Any member of staff with questions or concerns  
relating to compliance may discuss these matters  
with their managers and with the relevant depart-  
ments within the BMW Group, in particular Legal  
Affairs, Corporate Audit and Corporate Security. The  
BMW Group Compliance Contact serves as a further  
point of contact for both employees and external  
partners for any questions regarding compliance.  
Communication with the BMW Compliance Contact  
may remain anonymous, if preferred.  
The BMW Group also uses an IT-based Business  
Relations Compliance programme aimed at ensur-  
ing the reliability of its business relations. Relevant  
business partners are checked and evaluated with a  
view to identifying potential compliance risks. These  
procedures are particularly relevant for relations with  
sales partners and service providers, such as agencies  
and consultants. Depending on the results of the eval-  
uation, appropriate measures are taken to prevent  
compliance risks, such as communication measures,  
training and possible monitoring.  
Compliance in the  
BMW Group  
Employees also have the opportunity to submit infor-  
mation about possible compliance violations within  
the company – anonymously and confidentially – via  
the BMW Group SpeakUP Line. The BMW Group  
SpeakUP Line is available in a total of 34 languages  
and can be reached via local toll-free numbers in all  
countries in which BMW Group employees are in  
operation.  
As part of expanded anti-money-laundering measures,  
an IT system has been developed to verify customer  
integrity and introduced in around 30 organisational  
units.  
Through the group-wide compliance reporting system,  
compliance responsibles throughout the BMW Group  
provide information on compliance-relevant issues to  
the Compliance Committee on a regular basis, and, if  
necessary, on an ad hoc basis. This includes reporting  
on the compliance status of the relevant organisa-  
tional units, on identified legal risks or incidences of  
non-compliance, as well as sanctions and corrective  
or preventative measures implemented.  
All compliance-related queries and concerns are  
documented and processed by the BMW Group  
Compliance Committee Office using an electronic  
Case Management System. If necessary, Corporate  
Audit, Corporate Security, the legal departments or  
the Works Council may be consulted to assist with  
investigations.  
Observation and implementation of compliance rules  
and processes are audited regularly by Corporate  
Audit and subject to control checks by Corporate  
Security and the BMW Group Compliance Commit-  
tee Office. As part of its regular activities, Corporate  
Audit carries out on-site audits. The BMW Group  
Compliance Committee also engages Corporate Audit  
to perform compliance-specific checks. In addition,  
two BMW Group Compliance spot checks – sam-  
ple tests specifically designed to identify potential  
corruption and antitrust risks – were carried out in  
2017. Compliance control activities are coordinated  
by the BMW Group Panel Compliance Controls. Any  
necessary follow-up measures are organised by the  
BMW Group Compliance Committee Office.  
Various internal channels and means of communi-  
cation, including newsletters, employee newspapers  
and intranet portals, are used to keep BMW Group  
employees fully up-to-date with the instruments and  
measures employed by the Compliance Management  
System. The central communications channel is the  
compliance website within the BMW Group intranet,  
where employees can find compliance-related infor-  
mation, training materials and where they can access  
trainings in both German and English. The website  
contains a special service area where various practical  
tools are made available to employees to help them  
deal with typical compliance-related situations. A  
group-wide communications campaign was launched  
in 2017 to boost employee awareness of the impor-  
tance of creating a culture of transparency and trust.  
In addition to these communications measures, appro-  
priate IT systems also support BMW Group employees  
with the assessment, approval and documentation of  
compliance-relevant matters.  
For example, since 2017, all exchanges with compet-  
itors must be documented and approved in a special  
compliance IT system. All employees can also use IT  
tools to verify legal admissibility and documentation  
of benefits, especially in connection with corporate  
hospitality.  
2
19  
Managers have a particular responsibility and role  
To ensure that the BMW Group complies with reg-  
ulations relating to insider information, the Board  
of Management established an Ad-hoc Committee  
back in 1994, consisting of representatives of various  
specialist departments, whose members determine  
whether information displays the characteristics of  
insider information, which is required to be disclosed,  
and handle the publication and legal notices required  
by law. All persons who perform duties on behalf of  
BMWAG through which they have access to insid-  
er information are included on an insider list and  
informed of the duties arising from insider rules.  
model function with regard to preventing infringe  
ments. Managers throughout the BMW Group  
acknowledge this principle by signing a written  
declaration and undertaking to inform their staff of  
the content and significance of the Legal Compliance  
Code, to convey the values it embodies and make  
employees aware of legal risks. Managers must, at  
regular intervals and on their own initiative, verify  
compliance with the law and communicate with staff  
on this issue. They signal to employees that they take  
compliance risks seriously and that relevant infor-  
mation is extremely valuable. In their dealings with  
staff members, managers remain open to discussion  
and listen to differing opinions. Any indication of  
non-compliance with the law must be rigorously  
investigated.  
-
It is essential for compliance in the BMW Group that  
employees are aware of and comply with applicable  
legal requirements. The BMW Group does not tolerate  
any violations of the law by its employees. Culpable  
violations of the law result in employment law-related  
sanctions and may lead to personal liability of relevant  
employees.  
The BMW Group is committed to respecting interna-  
tionally recognised human rights, in particular as set  
out in the ten principles of the UN Global Compact  
and the ILO Core Labour Conventions. The Com-  
pany’s due diligence process is aligned with the UN  
Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,  
focusing on topics and areas of activity where it can  
leverage its influence as a commercial enterprise.  
The BMW Group clarified its position back in 2005  
,
with the Joint Declaration on Human Rights and  
Working Conditions at the BMW Group. This was  
followed by systematic introduction and continuous  
upgrading of measures to protect human rights. These  
measures, which were already firmly established  
within the organisation, were integrated into the  
BMW Group’s group-wide Compliance Management  
System in 2016. A group-wide human rights compli-  
ance assessment was conducted in 2017.  
Compliance is also an important factor in safeguard-  
ing the future of the BMW Group workforce. With  
this in mind, the Board of Management and the  
national and international employee representative  
bodies of the BMW Group have agreed on a binding  
set of Joint Principles for Lawful Conduct. In doing  
so, all parties involved made a commitment to the  
principles contained in the BMW Group Legal Com-  
pliance Code and to trustful cooperation in matters  
relating to compliance. Employee representatives are  
therefore regularly consulted in the process of refining  
compliance measures within the BMW Group.  
2
20  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Reportable securities transactions  
“Managers’ transactions”)  
Under the terms of the Employee Share Programme,  
in 2017 employees were entitled to acquire packages  
of between seven and 17 shares of non-voting pre-  
ferred stock with a discount of €ꢀ20.00 (2016: €ꢀ22.72)  
per share compared to the market price (average  
closing price in Xetra trading during the period from  
8 to 13 November 2017: €ꢀ75.05). All employees of  
BMWAG and its (directly or indirectly) wholly owned  
German subsidiaries (if agreed to by the directors  
of those entities) were entitled to participate in the  
programme. Employees were required to have been  
in an uninterrupted employment relationship with  
BMWAG or the relevant subsidiary for at least one  
year at the date on which the allocation for the year  
was announced. Shares of preferred stock acquired in  
conjunction with the Employee Share Programme are  
subject to a blocking period of four years, starting from  
(
Pursuant to Article 19 of the EU Market Abuse Regu-  
lation (MAR), members of the Board of Management  
and the Supervisory Board and any persons closely  
related to those members are required to give notice  
to BMW AG and the Federal Agency for the Super-  
vision of Financial Services (BaFin) of transactions  
with equity or debt instruments of BMWAG or with  
related derivatives or other financial instruments, if  
the total sum of such transactions reaches or exceeds  
an amount of €ꢀ5,000 during any given calendar year.  
BMWAG publishes such information without delay  
and communicates it to the Companies Register  
for archiving. Notice of publication is issued to the  
Federal Agency for the Supervision of Financial Ser-  
vices. Securities transactions notified to BMW AG  
during the financial year 2017 are also reported on  
the Company’s website.  
Compliance in the  
BMW Group  
Compensation  
Report  
1
January of the year in which the employees acquired  
the shares. A total of 491 114 2016 305 018) shares of  
,
(
:
,
preferred stock were acquired by employees under the  
programme in 2017; 491,000 (2016: 305,000) of these  
shares were drawn from Authorised Capital 2014, the  
remainder were acquired via the stock exchange or  
as a result of cancelled employee purchases relating  
to the previous year. Every year the Board of Man-  
agement of BMWAG decides whether the scheme is  
to be continued. Further information is provided in  
notes 29 and 39 to the Group Financial Statements.  
Share-based compensation programmes for  
employees and members of the Board of  
Management  
Three share-based remuneration schemes were  
in place at BMWAG during the year under report,  
namely the Employee Share Programme (under which  
entitled employees of BMWAG have been able to  
participate in the enterprise’s success since 1989 in  
the form of non-voting shares of preferred stock), a  
share-based remuneration programme for Board of  
Management members, and a share-based remuner-  
ation programme for senior heads of department  
see  
notes  
9 and 39  
2
(
relating in both cases to shares of common stock).  
The share-based remuneration programme for Board  
of Management members is described in detail in  
the Compensation Report (see also the “Share-based  
remuneration” section in the Compensation Report  
and note 39 to the Group Financial Statements).  
see  
note 39  
The share-based remuneration programme for qual-  
ifying heads of department, introduced with effect  
for financial years beginning after 1 January 2012, is  
closely based on the programme for Board of Manage-  
ment members and is aimed at rewarding a long-term,  
entrepreneurial approach to running the business on  
a sustainable basis.  
Under the terms of the programme, participants give  
a commitment to invest an amount equivalent to 20  
%
of their performance-based bonus in BMW common  
stock and to hold the shares so acquired for a min-  
imum of four years. In return for this commitment,  
BMWAG pays 100% of the investment amount as a net  
subsidy. Once the four-year holding period require-  
ment has been fulfilled, the participants receive – for  
each three common stock shares held and at the  
Company’s option – one further share of common  
stock or the equivalent amount in cash.  
2
21  
COMPENSATION REPORT  
PART OF THE COMBINED  
MANAGEMENT REPORT)  
and relevant parameters as the basis for variable  
compensation. It also ensures that variable compo-  
nents based on multi-year criteria take account of  
both positive and negative developments and that  
the overall incentive is on the long term. As a general  
rule, targets and comparative parameters may not  
be changed retrospectively. In conjunction with the  
revised compensation system for the Board of Manage-  
ment (see the section “Revised Board of Management  
compensation system for financial years from 2018  
onwards”), the targets originally set for the variable  
compensation components for the financial years 2018  
and 2019 were revoked exceptionally and replaced  
by the more ambitious targets stipulated in the new  
compensation system. The Supervisory Board reviews  
the appropriateness of the compensation system  
annually. In preparation, the Personnel Committee  
also consults remuneration studies. In order to check  
that the compensation system is in line with peers, the  
Supervisory Board compares compensation paid by  
other DAX companies. For a vertical view, it compares  
Board compensation with the salaries of executive  
managers and with the average salaries of employees  
of BMWAG based in Germany, also with regard to the  
development over time. Recommendations made by  
an independent external remuneration expert and  
suggestions made by investors and analysts are also  
considered in the consultative process.  
(
The following section describes the principles govern-  
ing the compensation of the Board of Management  
for the financial year 2017 and, in its revised form, for  
financial years from 2018 onwards. A description of the  
stipulations set out in the statutes relating to the com-  
pensation of the Supervisory Board is also provided.  
In addition to explaining the system of compensation,  
details of components of compensation are also pro-  
vided with figures. Furthermore, the compensation of  
each individual member of the Board of Management  
and the Supervisory Board for the financial year 2017  
is disclosed with its component parts.  
1
. board of Management compensation  
ꢆesponsiꢊiꢉities  
The full Supervisory Board is responsible for deter-  
mining and regularly reviewing Board of Management  
compensation. The preparation for these tasks is  
undertaken by the Supervisory Board’s Personnel  
Committee.  
ꢄompensation system, compensation components  
up to the financial year 2017  
ꢋrincipꢉes of compensation  
The compensation of the Board of Management com-  
prises both fixed and variable elements as well as a  
share-based component. Provisions are also in place  
for retirement and surviving dependants’ entitlements.  
The compensation system for the Board of Management  
at BMWAG is designed to encourage a management  
approach focused on the sustainable development  
of the BMW Group. A further principle of the remu-  
neration system at BMW Group is that of consistency.  
This means that compensation systems for the Board  
of Management, senior management and employees  
of BMWAG are composed of similar elements. The  
Supervisory Board performs an annual review to  
ensure that all Board of Management compensation  
components are appropriate, individually and in total,  
and do not encourage the Board of Management to  
take inappropriate risks for the BMW Group. At the  
same time, the compensation model for the Board of  
Management needs to be attractive for highly qualified  
executives in a competitive environment.  
ꢈixed remuneration  
Fixed remuneration consists of a base salary, which is  
paid monthly, and fringe benefits (other remuneration  
elements such as the use of company cars, insurance  
premiums and contributions towards security sys-  
tems). Members of the Board of Management are also  
entitled to purchase vehicles and other products and  
services of the BMW Group at conditions that also  
apply for employees.  
The base salary of members of the Board of Mana-  
gement remained unchanged in 2017 from the  
previous year. The base salary is €ꢀ  
for a Board member during the first period of office,  
€ꢀ million p.ꢀa. for a Board member from the second  
period of office or the fourth year of mandate and  
€ꢀ million p.ꢀa. for the Chairman of the Board of  
Management.  
0.75 million p.ꢀa.  
The compensation of members of the Board of Man-  
agement is determined by the full Supervisory Board  
on the basis of performance criteria and after taking  
into account any remuneration received from Group  
companies. The principal performance criteria are  
the tasks and exercise of mandate of the member of  
the Board of Management, the economic situation  
and the performance and future prospects of the  
BMW Group. The Supervisory Board sets ambitious  
0.9  
1.5  
2
22  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Variaꢊꢉe remuneration  
The performance-related bonus is derived by multi-  
plying the target amount set for each member of the  
Board of Management by a performance factor. The  
Supervisory Board sets the performance factor on  
the basis of a detailed assessment of the contribution  
made by members of the Board of Management to  
sustainable and long-term oriented business devel-  
opment. In setting the factor, consideration is given  
to performance and decisions over the previous  
three financial years, as well as strategic decisions  
affecting the future development of the business,  
the effectiveness and efficiency of measures taken in  
response to changing external conditions and other  
activities aimed at safeguarding the future viability  
of the business which cannot be directly measured  
in values. Accordingly, performance factor criteria  
include innovation (economic and ecological, for  
example the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions),  
customer focus, ability to adapt, leadership, corporate  
culture, promotion of compliance and integrity, con-  
tributions to the Group’s attractiveness as an employer,  
progress in implementing the diversity concept and  
activities that foster corporate social responsibility.  
The target bonus and the criteria used to determine  
the earnings-related bonus are fixed in advance for a  
period of three financial years. During this time, as  
a general rule, target bonuses and the key criteria  
applied may not be amended retrospectively.  
The variable remuneration of Board of Management  
members comprises variable cash remuneration and  
a share-based remuneration component.  
Compensation  
Report  
Variaꢊꢉe cash remuneration, in particuꢉar ꢊonuses  
Variable cash remuneration consists of a bonus and a  
cash component for investment in BMWAG common  
stock equivalent to 20% of a Board member’s total  
bonus after taxes, which the Board member receives  
from the Company along with the related taxes and  
social insurance. Furthermore, up to 31 Decem-  
ber 2017, the Supervisory Board could, in justified  
cases, stipulate the payment of a discretionary addi-  
tional bonus.  
The bonus comprises two components, each equally  
weighted: an earnings-related bonus and a perfor-  
mance-related bonus. The target bonus (100%) for a  
Board of Management member in the first period of  
office is €ꢀ1.5 million p.ꢀa. in total for the two compo-  
nents of variable compensation and €ꢀ1.75 million p.ꢀa.  
from the second period of office or the fourth year  
of mandate. For the Chairman of the Board of Man-  
agement the amount is €ꢀ3 million p.ꢀa. The bonus is  
capped for all Board of Management members at 200  
of the respective target bonus.  
%
The earnings-related bonus is based on Group  
net profit and post-tax return on sales, which are  
combined in a single earnings factor, and – up to  
the financial year 2017  on the dividend (common  
stock). The earnings-related bonus is derived from a  
target amount defined for each member of the Board  
of Management multiplied by the earnings factor and  
the dividend factor. In exceptional circumstances, for  
instance major acquisitions or disposals, the Super-  
visory Board may adjust the earnings-related bonus.  
Share-ꢊased remuneration programme  
The compensation system also includes a share-based  
remuneration programme, which is based on the  
amount of bonus paid. The system is aimed at creating  
further long-term incentives to encourage sustainable  
governance.  
An earnings factor and dividend factor of 1.0 would  
give rise to an earnings-related bonus of €ꢀ  
for a member of the Board of Management in the first  
period of office, €ꢀ 875 million from the second period  
0.75 million  
0
.
of office or the fourth year of mandate and €ꢀ1.5 mil-  
lion for the Chairman of the Board of Management.  
The earnings factor is 1.0 for example in the event of a  
Group net profit of €ꢀ3.1 billion and a post-tax return  
on sales of 5.6%. The dividend factor is 1.0 when the  
dividend paid on shares of common stock is between  
1
01 and 110 cents. If the Group net profit were below  
billion or the post-tax return on sales below %, the  
2
2
earnings factor for 2017 would be zero. In this case,  
no earnings-related bonus would be payable.  
2
23  
This programme specifies that each member of the  
Board of Management is required to invest in BMWAG  
common stock an amount equivalent to 20% of the  
Board member’s total bonus after taxes, which the  
Board member receives as an additional cash compo-  
nent from the Company with the related taxes and  
social insurance. As a general rule, the shares must  
be held for four years. Under a matching plan, at the  
end of the holding period the Board of Management  
members receive from the Company, for every three  
shares of common stock held, either one additional  
share of common stock or an equivalent cash amount,  
to be decided at the discretion of the Company  
ꢄompensation system, compensation components  
for financial years from 2018 onwards  
As previously, Board of Management compensation  
comprises fixed and variable cash elements as well as  
a share-based component. The compensation compo-  
nents are described in more detail below. Retirement  
and surviving dependants’ benefits remain unchanged  
in the new compensation system applicable from  
1 January 2018.  
ꢅverview of compensation system financial year  
2017: simplified depiction of split of cash remu-  
neration (target remuneration)*  
(
share-based remuneration componentꢀ/ꢀmatching  
71  
component). Special rules apply in the case of death  
or invalidity of a Board of Management member or  
premature termination of the contractual relationship  
before fulfilment of the holding period.  
in %  
Share-based remuneration  
approx. 15  
Revised system of Board of ꢆanagement compensa-  
tion for financial years from 2018 onwards  
Base salary  
approx. 29  
In December 2017, the Supervisory Board resolved  
to revise the compensation system for financial years  
from 2018 onwards. A focus was to align the remuner-  
ation structure even more strongly with sustainable  
Company development. The base salary, which had  
remained at the same level since 1 January 2012, was  
raised. The bonus was revised, both in terms of its  
structure and target setting. Targets values for the  
parameters Group net income and post-tax return on  
sales used to determine the earnings-related bonus  
were adjusted in line with the Group’s current business  
plan and revised. The dividend is no longer included  
as a parameter, thus ensuring that the earnings-related  
bonus is even more closely aligned to business per-  
formance. A new multi-year and future-oriented com-  
ponent was introduced in the form of a performance  
cash plan, in order to further strengthen the long-term  
orientation of the compensation system. The overall  
upper limits remain unchanged. The appropriateness  
of the planned levels of compensation was reviewed  
by an independent external compensation expert.  
The changes apply to all members of the Board of  
Performance-  
related bonus  
approx. 28  
Earnings-  
related bonus  
approx. 28  
ꢅverview of compensation system financial year  
018: simplified depiction of split of cash remu-  
2
neration (target remuneration)*  
72  
in %  
Share-based remuneration  
approx. 17  
Base salary  
approx. 29  
Management with effect from the financial year 2018  
.
Service contracts of the Board of Management have  
been modified in agreement with Board members  
with effect from 1 January 2018.  
Earn-  
ings-based  
component of  
the bonus  
Performance  
Cash Plan  
approx. 25  
approx. 9  
Performance component  
of the bonus approx. 20  
*
Simplified depiction of target amounts for the cash remuneration of the Chairman of the  
Board of Management. Excludes other remuneration. Based on the assumption that the  
share price remains unchanged for the calculation of the matching component.  
2
24  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢈixed remuneration  
In order to calculate the earnings-related component,  
an earnings factor is determined on the basis of the  
target parameters and multiplied by 30% of the target  
bonus amount. The level of the earnings-related com-  
ponent depends on the degree to which the targets  
set by the Supervisory Board for Group net profit and  
post-tax return on sales are achieved. The degree of  
achievement is expressed in an earnings factor. The  
underlying measurement values are determined in  
advance for a period of three financial years and may  
not be changed retrospectively. The earnings factor is  
capped at a maximum value of 1.8.  
Fixed remuneration consists, as before, of a base  
salary, which is paid monthly, and fringe benefits  
(other remuneration elements such as the use of  
company cars, the payment of insurance premiums  
and contributions towards security systems). From  
the financial year 2018, the base salary of Board of  
Management members amounts to €ꢀ0.8 million p.ꢀa.  
Compensation  
Report  
during the first period of office, €ꢀ0.95 million p.ꢀa.  
from the second period of office or the fourth year of  
mandate and €ꢀ million p.ꢀa. for the Chairman of  
1.8  
the Board of Management.  
Variaꢊꢉe remuneration  
The variable remuneration of the Board of Manage-  
ment comprises in future three components:  
An earnings factor of 1.0 would give rise to an earn-  
ings-related component of €ꢀ0.255 million for a mem-  
ber of the Board of Management in the first period of  
office, €ꢀ0.3 million from the second period of office or  
bonus,  
 Performance Cash Plan and  
 share-based remuneration.  
The weighting of individual components included  
in the target is shown in the overview. The new  
compensation system does not include the option of  
paying a discretionary additional bonus. An upper  
limit has been set for each component of variable  
remuneration (see “Overview of compensation system  
and compensation components for financial years  
from 2018 onwards”).  
the fourth year of mandate, and €ꢀ0.54 million for the  
Chairman of the Board of Management. The earnings  
factor is 1.0, for instance, in the event of Group net  
profit of €ꢀ5.3 billion and a post-tax return on sales of  
5.6%. If the Group net profit were below €ꢀ3 billion or  
the post-tax return on sales below 3%, the earnings  
factor would be zero. In this case, an earnings-related  
component would not be paid. The maximum value of  
the earnings factor is reached in the event of a Group  
net profit of €ꢀ11 billion and a post-tax return on sales  
of 9%. As before, in exceptional circumstances, for  
instance major acquisitions or disposals, the Super-  
visory Board may adjust the earnings factor.  
bonus  
The structure and target amounts of the previous  
bonus system have been revised and the weighting  
of the earnings-related and performance-related com-  
ponents included in the target changed. In future, for  
1
00% target achievement, the bonus will comprise  
an earnings-related component of 30% and perfor-  
mance-related component of 70%. Compared to the  
bonus payable in the previous compensation system,  
the target bonus (100%) for a member of the Board  
of Management in the first period of office has been  
reduced for both components of the bonus to a total  
of €ꢀ0.85 million p.ꢀa. and to a total of €ꢀ1.0 million p.ꢀa.  
from the second period of office or the fourth year of  
mandate. In future, the bonus payable to the Chairman  
of the Board of Management will amount to €ꢀ1.8 mil-  
lion p.ꢀa. The upper limit has been reduced for all Board  
members to 180% of the respective target bonus.  
2
25  
The performance-related component is calculated  
using a performance factor which the Supervisory  
Board sets for each member of the Board of Manage-  
ment and which is multiplied by 70% of the target  
bonus amount. The Supervisory Board sets the perfor-  
mance factor on the basis of a detailed evaluation of  
the contribution made by Board members to sustaina-  
ble and long-term business development over a period  
of at least three financial years. The evaluation by the  
Supervisory Board is based on predefined criteria that  
take into account the Group’s long-term success, the  
interests of shareholders, the interests of employees  
and social responsibility.  
The criteria correspond to the measurement values  
used previously for the performance bonus and  
include in particular innovation (economic and  
ecological, for example in the reduction of carbon  
dioxide emissions), the Group’s market position  
compared to its competitors, customer focus, ability  
to adapt, leadership, corporate culture, promotion of  
compliance and integrity, contribution to the Group’s  
attractiveness as an employer, progress in implement-  
ing the diversity concept, and activities that foster  
corporate social responsibility. The performance factor  
lies between zero and a maximum of 1.8.  
bonus overview  
73  
AꢆꢃIꢃGS CꢅMꢋꢅꢃꢀꢃꢁ bꢅꢃꢂS  
ꢋꢀꢆꢈꢅꢆMAꢃCꢀ CꢅMꢋꢅꢃꢀꢃꢁ  
ꢁꢅꢁAl  
+
=
Earnings factor  
x 0.3 of target amount  
Performance factor  
x 0.7 of target amount  
Cash payment  
Capped at 180 %  
of target amount  
Basis for earnings factor:  
Basis for performance factor:  
Group net profit  
Contribution to sustainable and long-term  
business development over a period of  
at least three financial years  
Group post-tax return on sales  
Value between 0 –1.8  
Qualitative, mainly non-financial parameters  
Value between 0 –1.8  
ꢋerformance Cash ꢋꢉan  
In order to determine the multi-year earnings factor,  
an earnings factor is calculated for each year of the  
three-year evaluation period and an average is then  
calculated for the evaluation period. As for the earn-  
ings-related component of the bonus, the earnings  
factor for each individual year within the evaluation  
period is determined on the basis of Group net profit  
and post-tax return on sales for the relevant year. The  
maximum earnings factor is 1.8.  
With effect from the financial year 2018, variable  
cash compensation will include a multi-year and  
future-oriented Performance Cash Plan (PCP). The  
PCP is calculated at the end of a three-year evaluation  
period, by multiplying a predefined target amount by  
a factor that is based on multi-year target achievement  
(
the PCP factor). PCP entitlements are paid in cash.  
The PCP target amount (100%) amounts to €ꢀ0.85 mil-  
lion p.ꢀa. for a Board member in the first period of  
office, €ꢀ  
0
.
95 million p.ꢀa. for a Board member from the  
In addition to the multi-year earnings factor, the  
Supervisory Board also determines a multi-year per-  
formance factor after the end of the evaluation period.  
To this end, the Supervisory Board takes account in  
particular of the business development during the  
evaluation period, the forecast trend in the business  
development, the Board member’s individual contri-  
bution to profitability and the status of compliance  
within the Board member’s area of responsibility.  
The multi-year performance factor can be between  
0.9 and 1.1.  
second period of office or the fourth year of mandate.  
The target amount for the Chairman of the Board  
of Management is €ꢀ1.6 million p.ꢀa. The maximum  
amount that can be paid to a Board member is capped  
at 180% of the PCP target amount p.ꢀa.  
The PCP evaluation period comprises three years, the  
grant year and the two subsequent years. The PCP is  
paid out after the end of the three-year evaluation  
period.  
In order to determine the PCP factor, a multi-year  
earnings factor is multiplied by a multi-year perfor-  
mance factor. The PCP factor is capped at a maximum  
value of 1.8.  
2
26  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢋerformance Cash ꢋꢉan overview  
• 74  
Compensation  
Report  
ꢋCꢋ ꢈACꢁꢅꢆ  
ꢁAꢆGꢀꢁ AMꢅꢂꢃꢁ  
CASꢇ ꢋAyMꢀꢃꢁ  
x
x
=
=
Cash payment at end of evaluation period  
Capped at 180 % of target amount  
ꢋCꢋ factor overview  
75  
MꢂlꢁI-yꢀAꢆ ꢀAꢆꢃIꢃGS ꢈACꢁꢅꢆ  
MꢂlꢁI-yꢀAꢆ ꢋꢀꢆꢈꢅꢆMAꢃCꢀ ꢈACꢁꢅꢆ  
ꢋCꢋ ꢈACꢁꢅꢆ  
Average earnings factor  
Measurement based on  
multi-year performance factor:  
Based on Group net profit and  
Group post-tax return on sales  
Trend in business development  
Value between 0 –1.8  
Status of compliance in each Board member’s  
area of responsibility  
Individual contribution to profitability  
Forecast trend in business development  
Value between 0.9 –1.1  
In accordance with a mutually agreed modification to  
their contracts with effect from January 2018, Board  
1
members will receive advance payments out of the  
Performance Cash Plan 2018 and the Performance  
Cash Plan 2019 in the years 2019 and 2020. At the end  
of the evaluation period, the advance payment will be  
set off or reclaimed, depending on the amount then  
determined. The advance payment for each year will  
be €ꢀ0.5 million for a member of the Board of Mana-  
gement in the first period of office and €ꢀ0.6 million  
from the second period of office or the fourth year of  
mandate. For the Chairman of the Board of Manage-  
ment the amount is €ꢀ0.9 million p.ꢀa.  
2
27  
Share-ꢊased remuneration  
Retirement and surviving dependants’ benefits  
With effect already from January 2010, the provision  
Members of the Board of Management continue to  
receive a cash compensation (investment component)  
for the specific purpose of investment after tax and  
contributions in BMWAG common stock. In future,  
the investment component will correspond to 45% of  
the gross bonus. Shares of common stock purchased  
in this way by members of the Board of Management  
are to be held, as before, for a period of four years.  
1
of retirement and surviving dependants’ benefits  
for Board of Management members was changed  
to a defined contribution system with a guaranteed  
minimum return. Commitments previously made are  
in part subject to legal protection, therefore Board  
members appointed for the first time prior to  
1 Jan-  
uary 2010 were given the option to choose between  
the previous system and the new one. Retirement and  
surviving dependants’ benefits remain unchanged as  
As before, at the end of the holding period, Board  
members receive from the Company, for every three  
shares of common stock held, either one additional  
share of common stock or the cash equivalent, to  
be decided at the Company’s discretion (matching  
component). Upper limits have been defined for both  
the investment component and the matching compo-  
nent (see “Compensation system and compensation  
components for financial years from 2018 onwards”).  
part of the new compensation system from  
1 Janu-  
ary 2018 onwards, as they are appropriate and in line  
with customary market practice.  
In the event of termination of mandate, a member  
of the Board of Management appointed for the first  
time prior to 1 January 2010 has pension entitlements  
based on the older (defined benefit) pension plan.  
The entitlement to receive benefits under the defined  
benefit plan arises at the earliest on reaching the age  
of 60 or in the case of invalidity. The amount of the  
ꢅther  
In the event of death or invalidity, special rules apply  
for early payment of performance cash plans and  
share-based remuneration components based on  
the target amounts. Insofar as the service contract  
is prematurely terminated and the Company has an  
extraordinary right of termination, or if the Board  
member resigns without the Company’s agreement,  
entitlements to amounts as yet unpaid relating to per-  
formance cash plans and share-based remuneration  
are forfeited.  
pension comprises a basic monthly amount of €ꢀ8,000  
plus an additional fixed amount. The fixed amount is  
€ꢀ400 for each full year of service on the Board up to a  
maximum of 15 years. Pension payments are adjusted  
in line with the adjustment of civil servants’ pensions  
following an increase of more than 5% in the pay  
group B6 (excluding allowances) or in accordance  
with the Company Pension Act.  
A one-year post-contractual non-competition clause  
has been agreed with Board members for specified  
cases. During that one-year period, the former Board  
member is entitled to receive monthly compensation  
equivalent to 60% of his or her previous monthly basic  
remuneration, reduced by any amount of other income  
exceeding 40% of the basic remuneration. The Compa-  
ny may unilaterally waive the requirement to comply  
with the post-contractual non-competition clause.  
2
28  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢅverview of compensation system and compensation  
components for the financial year 2017  
Compensation  
Report  
Component  
Parameter / measurement base  
BASE SALARY ꢀ.ꢂA.  
Member of the Board of Management:  
€0.75 million (1st period of office)  
€0.90 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
Chairman of the Board of Management:  
€1.50 million  
VAꢆIAblꢀ ꢆꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢆAꢁIꢅꢃ  
Bonus  
Target amount p.a. (at 100 % target achievement):  
(
sum of earnings-related bonus and performance-related bonus)  
€1.50 million (1st period of office)  
€1.75 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€3.00 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
Capped at 200 % of target amount  
a) Earnings-related bonus  
at 100 % target achievement corresponds to 50 % of target amount)  
Quantitative criteria, fixed in advance for a period of three financial years  
Formula: 50 % target amount x earnings factor x dividend factor (common stock)  
Earnings factor is derived from Group net profit and Group post-tax return on sales  
The earnings factor is 1.0, for instance in the event of a Group net profit of €3.1 billion  
and a post-tax return on sales of 5.6 %  
(
b) Performance-related bonus  
at 100 % target achievement corresponds to 50 % of target amount)  
Primarily qualitative, non-financial criteria, expressed in terms of a performance factor  
aimed at measuring the Board members’ contribution to sustainable and long-term  
business development over a period of at least three financial years  
(
Formula: 50 % target amount x performance factor  
Criteria for the performance factor include: innovation (economic and ecological, for  
example in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions), the Group’s market position  
compared to its competitors, customer focus, ability to adapt, leadership, corporate  
culture, promotion of compliance and integrity, contribution to the Group’s attractiveness  
as an employer, progress in implementing the diversity concept, and activities that  
foster corporate social responsibility  
Possible special bonus payment  
Payment possible in justified cases on basis of appropriateness, contractual basis,  
no entitlement  
Share-based remuneration programme  
a) Cash compensation component  
Requirement for Board of Management members to each invest an amount equivalent to  
0 % of their total bonus (after tax) in BMW AG common stock  
2
Earmarked cash remuneration equivalent to the amount required to be invested in  
BMW AG shares, plus taxes and social insurance contributions  
b) Share-based remuneration component  
Once the four-year holding period requirement is fulfilled, Board of Management members  
receive for each three common stock shares held either – at the Company’s option – one  
further share of common stock or the equivalent amount in cash  
(
matching component)  
ꢅꢁꢇꢀꢆ ꢆꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢆAꢁIꢅꢃ  
Contractual agreement, main points: use of Company cars, insurance premiums,  
contributions towards security systems  
2
29  
ꢅverview of compensation system and compensation  
components for the financial year 2018 onwards  
Component  
Parameter / measurement base  
BASE SALARY ꢀ.ꢂA.  
Member of the Board of Management:  
€0.80 million (1st period of office)  
€0.95 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
Chairman of the Board of Management:  
€1.8 million  
VAꢆIAblꢀ ꢆꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢆAꢁIꢅꢃ  
Bonus  
Target amount p.a. (at 100 % target achievement):  
(
sum of earnings component and performance component)  
€0.85 million (1st period of office)  
€1.0 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€1.8 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
Capped at 180 % of target amount  
a) Earnings-related bonus  
at 100 % target achievement corresponds to 30 % of target amount)  
Quantitative criteria fixed in advance for a period of three financial years  
Formula: 30 % target amount x earnings factor  
Earnings factor is derived from Group net profit and Group post-tax return on sales  
The earnings factor is 1.0 in the event of a Group net profit of €5.3 billion and a post-tax  
return on sales of 5.6 %  
(
Earnings factor may not exceed 1.8  
b) Performance component  
at 100 % target achievement corresponds to 70 % of target amount)  
Primarily qualitative, non-financial criteria, expressed in terms of a performance factor aimed  
at measuring the Board member’s contribution to the sustainable and long-term develop-  
ment and the future viability of the Company over a period of at least three financial years  
(
Criteria for the performance factor include: innovation (economic and ecological, for  
example in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions), the Group’s market position  
compared to its competitors, customer focus, ability to adapt, leadership, corporate  
culture, promotion of compliance and integrity, contribution to the Group’s attractiveness  
as an employer, progress in implementing the diversity concept, and activities that  
foster corporate social responsibility  
Formula: 70 % target amount x performance factor  
Performance factor may not exceed 1.8  
Possible special bonus payments  
Performance Cash Plan  
No longer applicable  
Target amount p.a. (at 100 % target achievement):  
€0.85 million (1st period of office)  
€0.95 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€1.6 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
3-year evaluation period  
Capped at 180 % of target amount  
Formula: PCP factor x target amount  
PCP factor: multi-year earnings factor x multi-year performance factor  
PCP factor may not exceed 1.8  
a) Multi-year earnings factor  
Earnings factor for each year of three-year evaluation period derived from Group net profit  
and Group post-tax return on sale  
Earnings factor for each year may not exceed 1.8  
Average for evaluation period calculated  
b) Multi-year performance factor  
Determined by Supervisory Board at end of evaluation period  
Criteria include in particular the trend in business development during the evaluation peri-  
od, the forecast trend in business development, individual contribution to profitability and  
the status of compliance within the Board member’s area of responsibility  
Multi-year performance factor can be between 0.9 and 1.1  
Share-based remuneration programme  
a) Cash remuneration component  
Requirement for Board of Management members to invest an amount of 45 % of the  
gross bonus after tax and contributions in BMW AG common stock  
Earmarked cash remuneration amounting to 45 % of the gross bonus  
b) Share-based remuneration component  
Once the four-year holding period requirement is fulfilled, Board of Management members  
receive for each three common stock shares held either – at the Company’s option – one  
further share of common stock or the equivalent amount in cash  
(
matching component)  
ꢅꢁꢇꢀꢆ ꢆꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢆAꢁIꢅꢃ  
Contractual agreement, main points: use of Company car, insurance premiums, contributions  
towards security systems  
2
30  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢅverview of compensation system and compensation  
components for the financial year 2017  
Compensation  
Report  
ꢆꢀꢁIꢆꢀMꢀꢃꢁ Aꢃꢄ SꢂꢆVIVIꢃG ꢄꢀꢋꢀꢃꢄAꢃꢁS’ bꢀꢃꢀꢈIꢁS  
Model  
Principal features  
a) Defined benefits  
Pension of €120,000 p. a. plus fixed amounts based on length of Company  
and Board service  
(
only applies to Board members appointed for the first time before  
January 2010; based on legal right to receive the benefits already  
promised to them, this group of persons is entitled to opt between  
a) and (b)  
1
(
b) Defined contribution system with guaranteed minimum rate of return  
Pension based on amounts credited to individual savings accounts for contributions paid  
and interest earned, various forms of disbursement  
Pension contributions p. a.:  
Member of the Board of Management: €350,000 – €400,000  
Chairman of the Board of Management: €500,000  
REꢆꢈꢁERATꢃꢅꢁ ꢄAꢀS (ꢆAxꢃꢆꢈꢆ REꢆꢈꢁERATꢃꢅꢁ)  
Share-based compensation programme  
Cash compen-  
sation for share  
acquisition  
Monetary value  
of matching  
component  
Possible  
special bonus  
in € p. a.  
Bonus  
Total*  
Member of the Board of Management  
in the first period of office  
3,000,000  
700,000  
700,000  
1,000,000  
4,925,000  
Member of the Board of Management  
in the second period of office or from fourth year of mandate  
3,500,000  
6,000,000  
800,000  
800,000  
1,200,000  
1,500,000  
5,500,000  
9,850,000  
Chairman of the Board of Management  
1,400,000  
1,400,000  
*
Including base salary, other fixed remuneration elements and pension contribution. The overall cap is lower than the sum of the maximum amounts for each of the individual components.  
If a mandate is terminated, the new defined con-  
tribution system provides, in the case of death or  
invalidity, for amounts accumulated on individual  
pension accounts to be paid out as a one-off amount  
or in instalments. The option to receive payment as a  
lifelong pension or in a combined form only applies to  
entitlements arising before 2016. Former members of  
the Board of Management are entitled to receive the  
retirement benefit at the earliest upon reaching the  
age of 60, or in the case of entitlements awarded after  
In the case of death or invalidity, a minimum benefit is  
payable based on the number of annual contributions  
possible up to the age of sixty (up to a maximum  
of ten). Furthermore, in the case of a commitment  
made before 2016 and election of a lifelong pension,  
a 60% widow’s pension is paid following the death of  
a retired member of the Management Board. Pensions  
are increased annually by at least 1%.  
Depending on the length of membership in the Board  
of Management and previous activities, the annual  
contribution paid by the Company for each member  
1
January 2012, upon reaching the age of 62.  
The amount of the benefits to be paid is determined  
on the basis of the amount accrued in each Board  
member’s individual pension savings account. The  
amount on this account results from annual contri-  
butions paid in, plus interest earned depending on  
the type of investment.  
of the Board of Management is between €ꢀ350,000 and  
€ꢀ400 000, and €ꢀ500 000 for the Chairman of the Board  
,
,
of Management. The guaranteed minimum rate of  
return p.ꢀa. corresponds to the maximum interest rate  
used to calculate insurance reserves for life insurance  
policies (guaranteed interest on life insurance policies).  
When granting pension entitlements, the Supervisory  
Board considers the targeted level of pension provision  
in each case as well as the resulting expense for the  
BMW Group.  
If a member of the Board of Management with a vested  
entitlement dies prior to the commencement of bene-  
fit payments, a surviving spouse or registered partner,  
or otherwise surviving children – in the latter case  
depending on their age and education – are entitled  
to receive benefits as surviving dependants.  
2
31  
ꢅverview of compensation system and compensation  
components for the financial year 2018 onwards  
ꢆꢀꢁIꢆꢀMꢀꢃꢁ Aꢃꢄ SꢂꢆVIVIꢃG ꢄꢀꢋꢀꢃꢄAꢃꢁS’ bꢀꢃꢀꢈIꢁS  
Model  
Principal features  
a) Defined benefit  
Pension of €120,000 p. a. plus fixed amounts based on length of Company  
and Board service  
(
only applies to Board members appointed for the first time before  
January 2010; based on legal right to receive the benefits already  
promised to them, this group of persons is entitled to opt between  
a) and (b)  
1
(
b) Defined contribution system with guaranteed minimum rate of return  
Pension based on amounts credited to individual savings accounts for contributions paid  
and interest earned, various forms of disbursement  
Pension contributions p. a.:  
Member of the Board of Management: €350,000 – €400,000  
Chairman of the Board of Management: €500,000  
REꢆꢈꢁERATꢃꢅꢁ ꢄAꢀS (ꢆAxꢃꢆꢈꢆ REꢆꢈꢁERATꢃꢅꢁ)  
Share-based compensation programme  
Cash compen-  
sation for share  
acquisition  
Monetary value  
of matching  
component  
Performance  
Cash Plan  
in € p. a.  
Bonus  
Total*  
Member of the Board of Management  
in the first period of office  
1,530,000  
1,530,000  
688,500  
344,500  
4,925,000  
Member of the Board of Management  
in the second period of office or from fourth year of mandate  
1,800,000  
3,240,000  
1,710,000  
2,880,000  
810,000  
405,000  
729,000  
5,500,000  
9,850,000  
Chairman of the Board of Management  
1,458,000  
*
Including base salary, other fixed remuneration elements and pension contribution. The overall cap is lower than the sum of the maximum amounts for each of the individual components.  
Contributions falling due under the defined con-  
tribution model are paid into an external fund in  
conjunction with a trust model that is also used to  
fund pension obligations to employees.  
Board of Management members who retire imme-  
diately after their service on the Board are entitled  
to acquire vehicles and other BMW Group products  
and services at conditions that also apply to BMW  
pensioners and to lease BMW Group vehicles in  
accordance with the guidelines applicable to senior  
heads of department. Retired Chairmen of the Board  
of Management are entitled to use a BMW Group  
vehicle as a company car on a similar basis to senior  
heads of department, and depending on availability  
and against payment, use BMW chauffeur services.  
Income earned on an employed or a self-employed  
basis up to the age of 63 may be offset against pension  
entitlements. In addition, certain circumstances have  
been specified, in the event of which the Company no  
longer has any obligation to pay benefits. Transitional  
payments are no longer provided.  
In the event of the death of a member of the Board  
of Management during the service contract term, the  
base salary for the month of death and a maximum  
of three further calendar months are paid to entitled  
surviving dependants.  
2
32  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Termination benefits on premature termination of  
Board activities, benefits paid by third parties  
No commitments or agreements exist for payment of  
compensation in the event of early termination of a  
Board member’s mandate due to a change of control or  
a takeover offer. No members of the Board of Manage-  
ment received any payments or relevant commitment  
from third parties in 2017 on account of their activities  
as members of the Board of Management.  
In conjunction with the agreed early termination of  
Dr Robertson’s Board of Management mandate with  
effect from 31 December 2017, the Company also  
agreed with Dr Robertson on an amendment to his  
service contract, which ends on 30 June 2018. For the  
period from the termination of his Board mandate  
through to 30 June 2018, he continues to receive fixed  
compensation totalling €ꢀ0.45 million. During this  
time, Dr Robertson is supporting the Company as  
a BMW Group ambassador in the UK. An amount of  
Compensation  
Report  
ꢆemuneration caps  
The Supervisory Board has stipulated upper limits  
for all variable remuneration components and for the  
remuneration of Board of Management members in  
total. These upper limits are shown in the tables Over-  
view of compensation system and compensation com-  
ponents for the financial year 2017 and Overview of  
compensation system and compensation components  
for financial years from 2018 onwards. The overall  
upper limits have not been changed in conjunction  
with the revised compensation system for financial  
years from 2018 onwards.  
€ꢀ0.875 million, payable in 2018, was agreed to settle all  
further compensation entitlements for the remainder  
of the contractual period. The Company will make a  
final pension contribution of €ꢀ0.2 million on behalf  
of Dr Robertson for the financial year 2018.  
In accordance with the recommendation of the German  
Corporate Governance Code, Board of Management  
service contracts provide for severance pay to be paid  
to the Board member in the event of premature ter-  
mination by the Company without important reason,  
the amount of which is limited to a maximum of two  
years’ compensation (severance payment cap). If the  
remaining term of the contract is less than two years,  
the severance payment is reduced proportionately.  
For these purposes, annual compensation comprises  
the basic remuneration, the target bonus amount and  
the target PCP amount for the last full financial year  
before termination.  
ꢁotaꢉ compensation of the board of Management for  
the financial year 2017 (2016)  
The total compensation of the current members of the  
Board of Management of BMWAG for the financial  
year 2017 amounted to €ꢀ40 million (2016: €ꢀ37.6 mil-  
lion), of which €ꢀ million (2016: €ꢀ million) relates  
to fixed components including other remuneration.  
Variable components amounted to €ꢀ31 million (2016  
€ꢀ29 million) and the share-based remuneration com-  
ponent amounted to €ꢀ million (2016: €ꢀ million).  
.
3
7
.
7
7.8  
.
7
:
.
0
0
.
9
0.8  
As in the previous year, the option of paying a special  
bonus in 2017 was not exercised.  
2
017  
2016  
Amount  
in € million  
Amount  
Proportion in %  
Proportion in %  
Fixed compensation  
7.7  
31.7  
0.9  
19.1  
78.7  
2.2  
7.8  
29.0  
0.8  
20.8  
77.1  
Variable cash compensation  
Share-based compensation component*  
Total compensation  
2.1  
40.3  
100.0  
37.6  
100.0  
*
Matching component; provisional number or provisional monetary value calculated at grant date (date on which the entitlement became binding in law). The final number of matching shares is determined in  
each case when the requirement to invest in BMW AG common stock has been fulfilled.  
2
33  
Compensation of the individuaꢉ memꢊers  
of the board of Management for the  
financial year 2017 (2016)  
Total value of  
benefits  
Share-based  
Variable cash  
compensation  
compensation component  
(matching component)  
Compensation  
Total  
allocated in  
financial year  
1
2
Fixed compensation  
in € or  
Other  
number of matching shares  
Base salary compensation  
Total  
Number Monetary value  
Harald Krüger  
1,500,000  
1,500,000)  
900,000  
21,464  
1,521,464  
6,679,776  
2,017  
(1,752)  
1,263  
(1,097)  
1,083  
(288)  
181,490  
8,382,730  
8,295,070  
(
(18,719) (1,518,719) (5,947,178)  
(161,622) (7,627,519) (7,545,122)  
113,645 4,985,985 4,915,446  
(101,198) (4,544,873) (4,443,675)  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree  
Markus Duesmann  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Nicolas Peter  
75,775  
(74,461)  
102,468  
(13,929)  
65,883  
(57,311)  
92,250  
975,775  
3,896,565  
(
(
(
900,000)  
750,000  
187,500)  
750,000  
750,000)  
750,000  
(974,461) (3,469,214)  
852,468  
(201,429)  
815,883  
3,339,913  
(743,403)  
3,339,888  
97,448  
(21,629)  
90,700  
4,289,829  
(966,461)  
4,246,471  
4,192,381  
(944,832)  
4,155,771  
1,008  
(876)  
(807,311) (2,973,589)  
(80,811) (3,861,711) (3,780,900)  
842,250  
3,339,888  
1,008  
90,700  
4,272,838  
4,182,138  
Ian Robertson3  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Oliver Zipse  
900,000  
900,000)  
900,000  
862,500)  
750,000  
750,000)  
17,158  
(18,735)  
40,954  
(32,689)  
25,752  
(114,694)  
441,704  
917,158  
3,896,565  
1,263  
(1,097)  
1,263  
(1,058)  
1,008  
(876)  
113,645  
4,927,368  
4,914,391  
(
(
(
(918,735) (3,469,214)  
940,954 3,896,565  
(895,189) (3,345,313)  
775,752 3,339,888  
(101,198) (4,489,147) (4,483,005)  
113,645 4,951,164 4,837,519  
(97,601) (4,338,103) (4,240,502)  
90,700 4,206,340 4,115,640  
(864,694) (2,973,589)  
(80,811) (3,919,094) (3,838,283)  
891,973 40,262,725 39,608,356  
(821,990) (37,625,005) (37,172,944)  
Total4  
7,200,000  
7,641,704 31,729,048  
9,913  
(8,964)  
(
7,425,000)  
(385,391) (7,810,391) (28,992,624)  
1
Provisional number or provisional monetary value calculated at grant date (date on which the entitlement became binding in law). The final number of matching shares is determined in each case when the  
requirement to invest in BMW AG common stock has been fulfilled. See note 39 to the Group Financial Statements for a description of the accounting treatment of the share-based compensation component.  
Value of benefits granted for work performed on the Board of Management during the financial year 2017 plus the amount falling due for payment in conjunction with a share-based remuneration component  
granted in a previous year and for which the holding period requirements were met.  
Member of the Board of Management until 31 December 2017.  
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to members of the Board of Management who left office during the financial year 2016.  
2
3
4
An expense of €ꢀ3.1 million (2016: €ꢀ2.8 million) was  
recognised in the financial year 2017 for current  
members of the Board of Management for the period  
after the end of their service relationship. This relates  
to the expense for allocations to pension provisions.  
Total benefits paid to former members of the Board of  
Management and their surviving dependants for the  
financial year 2017 amounted to €ꢀ6.7 million (2016:  
6.5 million).  
Pension obligations to former members of the Board of  
Management and their surviving dependants are cov-  
ered by pension provisions amounting to €ꢀ90.1 million  
2016: €ꢀ86.4 million), recognised in accordance with  
IAS 19.  
(
2
34  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Share-ꢊased component of the individuaꢉ memꢊers  
of the board of Management for the  
financial year 2017 (2016)  
Compensation  
Report  
Provision at  
31.12. 2017 in  
accordance with  
HGB and IFRS  
Expense in 2017  
in accordance with  
HGB and IFRS  
1
in €  
Harald Krüger  
54,038  
515,677  
(557,844)  
303,169  
(284,247)  
43,131  
(
279,932)  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree  
Markus Duesmann  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Nicolas Peter  
63,120  
(
15,276)  
41,001  
(
2,130)  
(2,130)  
162,436  
273,688  
(111,253)  
29,175  
(
76,878)  
29,175  
Ian Robertson2  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Oliver Zipse  
141,903  
68,865)  
186,278  
95,615)  
122,484  
61,370)  
474,439  
(435,753)  
382,640  
(196,362)  
193,769  
(71,285)  
2,215,688  
(2,614,266)  
(
(
(
Total3  
800,435  
(
829,579)  
1
Provisional number or provisional monetary value calculated on the basis of the closing price of BMW common stock in the Xetra trading system on 29 December 2017 (€86.83) (fair value at reporting date)  
Member of the Board of Management until 31 December 2017.  
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to members of the Board of Management who left office during the financial year 2016.  
2
3
2
35  
ꢋension entitꢉements  
Present value of  
pension obliga-  
tions (defined  
benefit plans),  
in accordance  
with IFRS  
Present value of  
pension obliga-  
tions (defined  
benefit plans),  
in accordance  
with HGB  
Service cost in  
accordance with  
IFRS for the  
Service cost in  
accordance with  
HGB for the  
1 1  
financial year 2017 financial year 2017  
2
2
in €  
Harald Krüger  
505,281  
507,444)  
355,527  
358,490)  
355,840  
510,702  
(510,811)  
359,275  
(360,785)  
359,521  
(87,500)  
356,949  
(356,743)  
350,000  
(–)  
5,558,607  
(4,764,941)  
2,347,166  
(1,879,851)  
1,020,053  
(622,236)  
5,558,200  
(4,763,838)  
2,346,906  
(1,879,263)  
1,018,857  
(620,307)  
(
(
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree  
Markus Duesmann  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Nicolas Peter  
(
87,500)  
353,136  
354,365)  
350,000  
2,373,842  
(1,935,142)  
1,757,459  
(–)  
2,373,842  
(1,935,142)  
1,757,454  
(–)  
(
(
–)  
Ian Robertson3  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Oliver Zipse  
508,865  
424,411)  
354,117  
357,203)  
353,536  
355,045)  
407,941  
(408,564)  
357,918  
(359,548)  
357,339  
(357,410)  
3,059,645  
(2,849,067)  
4,965,162  
(4,469,741)  
1,893,252  
(1,481,134)  
2,071,748  
(1,621,507)  
21,987,289  
(23,630,940)  
4,052,788  
(3,502,860)  
1,893,216  
(1,480,940)  
2,071,560  
(1,620,978)  
21,072,823  
(21,425,612)  
(
(
(
Total4  
3,136,302  
(
2,634,212)  
1
Service cost differs due to the different valuation bases used to measure pension obligations for HGB purposes (expected settlement amount) and for IFRS purposes  
present value of the defined benefit obligation).  
Based on a legal right to receive the benefits already promised to them, one member of the Board of Management appointed for the first time prior to 1 January 2010 was given the option of choosing between  
the previous defined benefit model and the new defined contribution model.  
Member of the Board of Management until 31 December 2017.  
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to a member of the Board of Management who left office during the financial year 2016.  
(
2
3
4
2
36  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
2. Supervisory Board compensation  
With fixed compensation elements and an earnings-re-  
lated compensation component oriented toward sus-  
tainable growth, the compensation structure in place  
for BMWAG’s Supervisory Board complies with the  
recommendation on supervisory board compensation  
contained in section 5.4.6 paragraph 2 sentence 2 of  
the German Corporate Governance Code, in the  
version dated 7 February 2017.  
ꢆesponsiꢊiꢉities, provisions of Articꢉes of  
Incorporation  
Compensation  
Report  
The compensation of the Supervisory Board is speci-  
fied by resolution of the shareholders at the Annual  
General Meeting or in the Articles of Incorporation.  
The compensation provisions valid for the financial  
year under report were resolved by shareholders at  
the Annual General Meeting on 14 May 2013 and are  
set out in Article 15 of BMWAG’s Articles of Incorpo-  
ration, which can be viewed andꢀ/ꢀor downloaded at  
www.bmwgroup.com/ir under the menu items “Facts about  
the BMW Group” and “Corporate Governance”.  
The German Corporate Governance Code also recom-  
mends in section 5.4.6 paragraph 1 sentence 2 that  
the exercising of chair and deputy chair positions in  
the Supervisory Board as well the chair and member-  
ship of committees should also be considered in the  
compensation.  
Compensation principꢉes, compensation components  
The Supervisory Board of BMWAG receives a fixed  
compensation component as well as an earnings-re-  
lated compensation component, which is oriented  
toward sustainable growth. The earnings-related  
component is based on average earnings per share  
of common stock for the remuneration year and the  
two preceding financial years.  
Accordingly, the Articles of Incorporation of BMWAG  
stipulate that the Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
shall receive three times the amount and each Dep-  
uty Chairman shall receive twice the amount of the  
remuneration of a Supervisory Board member. Each  
chairman of the Supervisory Board’s committees  
receives twice the amount and each member of a  
committee receives one-and-a-half times the amount  
of the remuneration of a Supervisory Board mem-  
ber, provided the relevant committee convened for  
meetings on at least three days during the financial  
year. If a member of the Supervisory Board exercises  
more than one of the functions referred to above, the  
compensation is measured only on the basis of the  
function that is remunerated with the highest amount.  
The fixed and earnings-related components in combi-  
nation are intended to ensure that the compensation of  
Supervisory Board members is appropriate in relation  
to the tasks of Supervisory Board members and the  
Company’s financial condition and also takes account  
of the Company’s performance over several years.  
In accordance with the Articles of Incorporation, each  
member of BMWAG’s Supervisory Board receives, in  
addition to the reimbursement of reasonable expenses,  
a fixed amount of €ꢀ70,000, payable at the end of the  
year, as well as earnings-related compensation of € 1 70  
In addition, each member of the Supervisory Board  
receives an attendance fee of €ꢀ2,000 for each full  
meeting of the Supervisory Board (Plenum) which  
the member has attended, payable at the end of the  
financial year. Attendance at more than one meeting  
on the same day is not remunerated separately.  
for each full €ꢀ  
0.01 by which the average amount of  
(
undiluted) earnings per share (EPS) of common stock  
reported in the Group Financial Statements for the  
remuneration year and the two preceding financial  
years exceed a minimum amount of €ꢀ2.00, payable  
after the Annual General Meeting held in the fol-  
lowing year. An upper limit corresponding to twice  
the amount of the fixed compensation is in place for  
the Group performance-related compensation. The  
limit for a member of the Supervisory Board with no  
additional compensation-relevant function is there-  
fore set at €ꢀ140,000.  
The Company also reimburses to each member of the  
Supervisory Board reasonable expenses and any value-  
added tax arising on the member’s remuneration. The  
amounts disclosed below are net amounts.  
In order to perform his duties, the Chairman of the  
Supervisory Board has the use of an office, with  
administrative support, as well as access to the BMW  
car service.  
2
37  
Total compensation of the Supervisory Board for the  
financial year 2017  
In accordance with Article 15 of the Articles of Incor-  
poration, the compensation of the Supervisory Board  
for activities during the financial year 2017 totalled  
compensation of €ꢀ2.0 million (2016: €ꢀ2.0 million)  
and variable compensation of €ꢀ3.6 million (2016:  
€ꢀ3.4 million). The earnings-related compensation for  
the financial year 2017 was capped at the maximum  
amount stipulated in the Articles of Incorporation.  
5.6 million (2016: €ꢀ5.4 million). This includes fixed  
2
017  
2016  
Amount  
in € million  
Amount  
Proportion in %  
Proportion in %  
Fixed compensation  
Variable compensation  
Total compensation  
2.0  
3.6  
5.6  
35.7  
64.3  
2.0  
3.4  
5.4  
37.0  
63.0  
100.0  
100.0  
Supervisory Board members did not receive any fur-  
ther compensation or benefits from the BMW Group  
for advisory or agency services personally rendered.  
2
38  
Statement on  
Corporate  
ꢄompensation of the individual members of the Supervisory Board for the financial year 2017 (2016)  
Governance  
Fixed  
Variable  
in €  
compensation  
Attendance fee  
compensation  
Total  
Compensation  
Report  
Responsibility  
Norbert Reithofer (Chairmann)  
210,000  
(210,000)  
140,000  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(8,000)  
6,000  
420,000  
(390,660)  
280,000  
(260,440)  
280,000  
(260,440)  
280,000  
(260,440)  
280,000  
(260,440)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(–)  
640,000  
(610,660)  
430,000  
(410,440)  
430,000  
(410,440)  
430,000  
(410,440)  
430,000  
(408,440)  
216,000  
(210,220)  
220,000  
(208,220)  
220,000  
(–)  
Statement by the  
Company’s Legal  
Representatives  
Manfred Schoch (Deputy Chairmann)1  
Stefan Quandt (Deputy Chairmann)  
Stefan Schmid (Deputy Chairmann)1  
Karl-Ludwig Kley (Deputy Chairmann)  
Christiane Benner1  
Franz Haniel  
(
(
(
(
140,000)  
140,000  
140,000)  
140,000  
140,000)  
140,000  
140,000)  
70,000  
(
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(8,000)  
10,000  
(–)  
(
Ralf Hattler  
(
–)  
44,785  
–)  
Heinrich Hiesinger2  
Reinhard Hüttl  
6,000  
89,570  
140,355  
(–)  
(
(–)  
(–)  
70,000  
70,000)  
25,403  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
2,000  
109,7804  
(130,220)  
50,806  
189,780  
(210,220)  
78,209  
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
Henning Kagermann3  
Susanne Klatten  
(8,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
8,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
140,000  
(130,220)  
3,610,156  
(3,385,720)  
(208,220)  
220,000  
(210,220)  
220,000  
(210,220)  
218,000  
(208,220)  
220,000  
(210,220)  
220,000  
(210,220)  
218,000  
(210,220)  
220,000  
(210,220)  
220,000  
(208,220)  
218,000  
(208,220)  
220,000  
(210,220)  
5,618,344  
(5,393,720)  
Renate Köcher  
Robert W. Lane  
(8,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
8,000  
Horst Lischka1  
Willibald Löw1  
Simone Menne  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(8,000)  
8,000  
Dominique Mohabeer1  
Brigitte Rödig1  
Jürgen Wechsler1  
(8,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
188,000  
(188,000)  
Werner Zierer1  
Total5  
1,820,188  
(
1,820,000)  
1
These employee representatives have – in line with the guidelines of the Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund – requested that their remuneration be paid into the Hans Böckler-Stiftung.  
Member of Supervisory Board since 11 May 2017.  
Member of Supervisory Board until 11 May 2017.  
Due to the requirements of his employer, Prof. Dr. Hüttl has waived his Supervisory Board compensation until further notice, to the extent that this would exceed the amount of €200,000 (excluding value added tax) p.a.  
The share of the Supervisory Board compensation for the 2016 financial year, which exceeds this amount and should therefore be reimbursed, has been offset against the earnings-related component of  
Supervisory Board compensation for the 2017 financial year.  
2
3
4
5
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to a member of the Supervisory Board who left office during the financial year 2016.  
3
. ꢅther  
Apart from vehicle lease and financing contracts  
entered into on customary market conditions, no  
advances or loans were granted to members of the  
Board of Management and the Supervisory Board by  
BMWAG or its subsidiaries, nor were any contingent  
liabilities entered into on their behalf.  
2
39  
RESPONSIBILITY  
STATEMENT BY THE  
COMPANY’S LEGAL  
REPRESENTATIVES  
Statement pursuant to § 37y No. 1 of the  
Securities Trading Act (WpHG) in conjunction  
with § 297 (2) sentence 4 and § 315 (1) sentence  
6
of the German Commercial Code (HGB)  
To the best of our knowledge, and in accordance with  
the applicable reporting principles, the Consolidated  
Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the  
assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of the  
Group, and the Group Management Report includes  
a fair review of the development and performance of  
the business and the position of the Group, together  
with a description of the principal opportunities and  
risks associated with the expected development of  
the Group.”  
Munich, 15 February 2018  
Bayerische ꢆotoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft  
The Board of Management  
Harald Krüger  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree Markus Duesmann  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Dr. Nicolas Peter  
Oliver Zipse  
Pieter Nota  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
2
40  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
INDEPENDENT  
AUDITOR’S REPORT  
the accompanying group management report as  
a whole provides an appropriate view of the  
Group’s position. In all material respects, this  
group management report is consistent with  
the consolidated financial statements, complies  
with German legal requirements and appro-  
priately presents the opportunities and risks of  
future development. Our opinion on the group  
management report does not cover the contents  
of the corporate governance statement men-  
tioned above.  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
To Bayerische ꢆotoren Werke  
Aktiengeseꢉꢉschaft, Munich  
Report on the Audit of the Consoli-  
dated Financial Statements and the  
Group Management Report  
Pursuant to Section 322 (3) sentence 1 HGB, we declare  
that our audit has not led to any reservations relating  
to the legal compliance of the consolidated financial  
statements and of the group management report.  
Opinions  
We have audited the consolidated financial statements  
prepared by Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktien-  
gesellschaft, Munich, and its subsidiaries (Group or  
BMW Group, respectively), comprising the balance  
sheet for group, income statement for group and  
statement of comprehensive income for group, group  
statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement  
for group and the notes to the group financial state-  
ments including accounting principles and policies. In  
addition, we have audited the combined management  
report (subsequently referred to as group manage-  
ment report) for the financial year from 1 January to  
Basis for the Opinions  
We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial  
statements and of the group management report in  
accordance with Section 317 HGB and the EU Audit  
Regulation No. 537ꢀ/ꢀ2014 (referred to subsequently  
as “EU Audit Regulation”) and in compliance with  
German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial  
Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der  
Wirtschaftsprüfer [Institute of Public Auditors in  
Germany] (IDW). Our responsibilities under those  
requirements and principles are further described  
in the “Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of  
the Consolidated Financial Statements and of the  
Group Management Report” section of our auditor’s  
report. We are independent of the group entities in  
accordance with the requirements of European law  
and German commercial and professional law, and we  
have fulfilled our other German professional respon-  
sibilities in accordance with these requirements. In  
3
1 December 2017. In accordance with the German  
legal requirements we have not audited the content  
of the statement on Corporate Governance which is  
included in section “Statement on Corporate Gov-  
ernance (§289f HGB)” [Handelsgesetzbuch: German  
Commercial Code] of the group management report.  
In our opinion, on the basis of the knowledge obtained  
in the audit,  
addition, in accordance with Article 10 (2) point (f)  
of the EU Audit Regulation, we declare that we have  
not provided non-audit services prohibited under  
Article 5 (1) of the EU Audit Regulation. We believe  
that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and  
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinions on the  
consolidated financial statements and on the group  
management report.  
the accompanying consolidated financial state-  
ments comply, in all material respects, with the  
IFRSs as adopted by the EU, and the additional  
requirements of German commercial law pursu-  
ant to Section 315ꢁe (1) HGB and, in compliance  
with these requirements, give a true and fair view  
of the assets, liabilities, and financial position  
of the Group as at 31 December 2017, and of its  
financial performance for the financial year from  
Key Audit Matters in the Audit of the Consolidated  
Financial Statements  
1
January to 31 December 2017, and  
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our pro-  
fessional judgment, were of most significance in our  
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the  
financial year from  
1 January to 31 December 2017.  
These matters were addressed in the context of our  
audit of the consolidated financial statements as a  
whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, we do not  
provide a separate opinion on these matters.  
2
41  
Vaꢉuation of residuaꢉ vaꢉues of ꢉeased products  
The “accounting principles and policies” are disclosed  
in the notes to the consolidated financial statements  
in note 4. Disclosure of “leased products” is provided  
in the notes to the consolidated financial statements  
in note 21.  
developments and residual value forecasts as well as  
the validation results. Furthermore, we evaluated the  
processes for processing external forecast values from  
market research institute. We ensured the computa-  
tional accuracy of the forecast values by verifying key  
calculation steps.  
Financial statement risk  
Our conclusions  
BMW Group leases vehicles to end customers as part  
of operating leases. As at the reporting date, the value  
of leased products amounted to EUR 36,257 million.  
The methods and processes for determining the  
expected residual values of the leased products under-  
lying the valuation are appropriate. The assumptions  
and parameters incorporated in the forecast model for  
the residual value are appropriate as a whole.  
The key estimated value for the purposes of subse-  
quent measurement is the expected residual value at  
the end of the lease term.  
Valuation of receivables from sales financing  
The “accounting principles and policies” as well as the  
assumptions, judgements and estimations made are  
disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial  
statements in note 4. Disclosure of “sales financing”  
is provided in the notes to the consolidated financial  
statements in note 23.  
The estimation of future residual values is subject  
to judgement and complex due to the large number  
of assumptions to be made and the amount of data  
incorporated in the determination. For the residual  
value forecasts, BMW Group uses internally avail-  
able data on historical values, current market data  
as well as forecasts from external market research  
institutes.  
Financial statement risk  
BMW Group offers end customers, dealerships and  
importers various financing models for vehicles  
and other assets. In this regard, current and non-  
current receivables from sales financing totalling  
There is a risk for the financial statements that the  
residual values expected for the end of the lease terms  
are not appropriately assessed and the impairment  
losses or reversal of impairment losses required for  
the leased products are not recognised in sufficient  
amounts.  
EUR 80  
.
434 million were recognised as at the reporting  
147 mil-  
date. Impairment losses amounting to EUR 1  
,
lion were recognised on these receivables as at the  
reporting date.  
Our audit approach  
The determination of impairment losses requires  
considerable judgement due to a number of value  
determinants such as risk classifications, the deter-  
mination of default probabilities as well as loss rates.  
By means of inquiries, inspecting internal calcula-  
tion methods and analysing the disposal proceeds  
of vehicles, among other methods, we obtained an  
understanding of the development of leased prod-  
ucts, the underlying residual value risks as well as  
the business processes for the identification, man-  
agement, monitoring and measurement of residual  
value risks.  
There is a risk for the financial statements that the  
creditworthiness of the dealerships, importers and  
end customers, as well as any loss rates, is estimated  
incorrectly, the risk provisioning parameters are  
derived incorrectly and an impairment loss required  
on receivables from sales financing is not recognised  
or not recognised in a sufficient amount.  
We reviewed the appropriateness and effectiveness of  
the internal control system, particularly in relation to  
the determination of expected residual values. This  
included the audit of the compliance of the relevant IT  
systems as well as the implemented interfaces therein  
by our IT specialists.  
Our audit approach  
By means of inquiries, inspecting internal calcula-  
tion methods and analysis, among other methods,  
we obtained a comprehensive understanding of the  
development of credit portfolios, the associated  
counterparty-related risks and the business processes  
for the identification, management, monitoring and  
measurement of counterparty risks.  
In addition, we evaluated the appropriateness of  
the forecasting methods, the model assumptions as  
well as the parameters used for the determination of  
the residual values based on the validations carried  
out by BMW Group. For this purpose, we inquired  
with BMW Group’s experts responsible for the  
management and monitoring of residual value risks  
and inspected the internal analysis on residual value  
2
42  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
We audited the appropriateness and effectiveness of the  
internal control system in relation to the risk classifica-  
tion procedures. In addition, we evaluated the relevant  
IT systems and internal processes. The audit included  
a review by our IT specialists of the appropriateness  
of the systems concerned and associated interfaces to  
ensure the completeness of data as well as the audit  
of automated controls for data processing.  
of provisions is associated with unavoidable estima-  
tion uncertainties, is complex and is subject to a high  
degree of risk of change, depending on factors such  
as detected deficiencies becoming known and claims  
made by vehicle owners.  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
There is a risk for the financial statements that the  
valuation of provisions for statutory and non-statutory  
warranty obligations and product guarantees is not  
appropriate.  
A key component of our audit was to assess the appro-  
priateness of the risk classification procedures as well  
as the risk provisioning parameters used, which are  
derived from historical default probabilities and loss  
rates. We also analysed the validations of parameters  
that are regularly conducted. To assess the default  
risk, we also used purposive sampling of individual  
cases to verify that the attributes for assignment to the  
respective risk categories were suitably available and  
the impairment losses had been calculated using the  
parameters defined for these risk categories.  
Our audit approach  
In order to evaluate the appropriateness of the val-  
uation method used for the determination of the  
provisions for statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations and product guarantees including the  
assumptions and parameters, through discussions  
with the departments responsible, we primarily  
obtained an understanding of the process for deter-  
mining the assumptions and parameters. We audited  
the appropriateness and effectiveness of controls to  
determine the assumptions and parameters. With  
the involvement of our IT specialists, we reviewed  
the IT systems utilised to verify their appropriateness.  
Our conclusions  
The assumptions and parameters incorporated in the  
determination of receivables from sales financing are  
appropriate as a whole.  
We compared the amount of provisions from prior  
year with expenses selected according to risk and  
which actually arose for damage claims, as well as with  
technical measures, in order to arrive at a conclusion  
on the forecast accuracy.  
Valuation of provisions for statutory and non-statutory  
warranty obligations and product guarantees  
The “accounting principles and policies” as well as the  
assumptions, judgements and estimations made are  
disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial  
statements in note  
is provided in the notes to the consolidated financial  
statements in note 31.  
4
. Disclosure of “Other provisions”  
Selecting specific vehicle models, the computational  
accuracy of the valuation model used across the Group  
including a tool for rate-based planning was verified  
with the support of our actuaries. The measurement  
parameters included therein, such as cost items, were  
reconciled with actual costs. We evaluated the assump-  
tions concerning the extent to which the historical  
values are representative for the expected damage  
susceptibility, for the expected value of damage per  
vehicle in terms of material and labour cost and for  
the anticipated claim.  
Financial statement risk  
Provisions for statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations and product guarantees are included in  
the consolidated financial statements of BMW Group  
as a significant component in “Other provisions”. The  
provisions for statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations and product guarantees amounted to  
EUR 4,825 million on 31 December 2017.  
Our conclusions  
BMW Group is responsible for the legally prescribed  
product liability and the warranty in the respective  
sales market. Moreover, additional warranties are  
granted to differing extents. In order to assess the  
liabilities arising from warranty, guarantee and  
goodwill for vehicles sold, information on the type  
and volume of damages arising and on remedial  
measures is recorded and evaluated at vehicle model  
level. The expected amount of obligations arising  
from warranty claims is extrapolated from costs of  
the past and provided for. For specific or anticipated  
individual circumstances, for example recalls, addi-  
tional provisions are set aside provided they have not  
already been taken into account. The determination  
The method for the valuation of provisions for statu-  
tory and non-statutory warranty obligations and  
product guarantees is appropriate and has been  
applied consistently. The measurement parameters  
and assumptions applied are appropriate as a whole.  
Vaꢉuation for current income tax ꢉiaꢊiꢉities in  
reꢉation to transfer pricing risks  
The “accounting principles and policies” as well as  
the assumptions, judgements and estimations made  
are disclosed in the notes to the consolidated finan-  
cial statements in note 4. Disclosure of “income tax  
liabilities” is provided in the notes to the consolidated  
financial statements in note 32.  
2
43  
Financial statement risk  
Other information  
In the consolidated financial statements of BMW Group,  
current income tax liabilities in the amount of  
The legal representatives are responsible for the other  
information. Other information includes:  
EUR 1,124 million are reported as at 31 December 2017,  
which also include risks arising from transfer pricing.  
 the Statement on Corporate Governance and  
The business operations of BMW Group in respect of  
the production and sale of vehicles require extensive  
cross-border relationships with affiliated companies.  
In this regard, the varying requirements under tax  
legislation as well as the specifications of the respon-  
sible tax authorities for the respective countries must  
be observed; the corresponding tax determinations  
are subject to review by the competent tax authorities  
over several years.  
the remaining parts of the annual report, with  
the exception of the audited consolidated  
financial statements and group management  
report as well as our Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
Our opinions on the consolidated financial statements  
and on the group management report do not cover  
the other information, and consequently we do not  
express an opinion or any other form of assurance  
conclusion thereon.  
Transfer pricing is calculated by exercising judgement  
on the determination of the related parameters and  
requires discretionary interpretation of the prevailing-  
regulatory frameworks of countries concerned in  
respect of the transfer pricing utilised.  
In connection with our audit, our responsibility is  
to read the other information and, in so doing, to  
consider whether the other information  
There is a risk for the financial statements that the  
current income tax liabilities in relation to transfer  
pricing were not measured at an appropriate amount.  
is materially inconsistent with the consolidated  
financial statements, with the group manage-  
ment report or our knowledge obtained in the  
audit, or  
Our audit approach  
In order to audit the current income tax liabilities in  
relation to transfer pricing, we involved staff special-  
ising in transfer pricing law and those specialising in  
national and international tax law.  
 otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  
Using inquiries, we obtained an understanding of the  
parameters set. We compared arm’s length values with  
available benchmark studies, empirical values and the  
results of past tax audits, as well as with completed  
mutual agreement procedures. Furthermore, we  
inspected the correspondence with tax authorities  
related to concluded mutual agreement procedures  
and tax audits and evaluated whether their consid-  
eration in the determination of transfer pricing was  
appropriate.  
For sales companies selected according to risk, we  
examined whether risks that had not previously  
been considered in the determination of the current  
income tax liabilities could be identified on the basis  
of the margins generated. We mathematically verified  
the income tax liabilities amount resulting from the  
difference between the margin and the arm’s length  
values.  
Our conclusions  
The parameters underlying the measurement for  
current income tax liabilities in relation to transfer  
pricing risk are appropriate as a whole.  
2
44  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Responsibilities of Management and the  
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the  
Consolidated Financial Statements and of the  
Group Management Report  
Supervisory Board for the Consolidated Financial  
Statements and the Group Management Report  
Management is responsible for the preparation of the  
consolidated financial statements that comply, in all  
material respects, with IFRSs as adopted by the EU and  
the additional requirements of German commercial  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance  
about whether the consolidated financial statements  
as a whole are free from material misstatement,  
whether due to fraud or error, and whether the  
group management report as a whole provides an  
appropriate view of the Group’s position and, in all  
material respects, is consistent with the consolidated  
financial statements and the knowledge obtained in  
the audit, complies with the German legal require-  
ments and appropriately presents the opportunities  
and risks of future development, as well as to issue  
an auditor’s report that includes our opinions on the  
consolidated financial statements and on the group  
management report.  
law pursuant to Section 315e (1) HGB and that the  
consolidated financial statements, in compliance  
with these requirements, give a true and fair view of  
the assets, liabilities, financial position, and financial  
performance of the Group. In addition, management  
is responsible for such internal controls as they have  
determined necessary to enable the preparation of  
consolidated financial statements that are free from  
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  
In preparing the consolidated financial statements,  
management is responsible for assessing the Group’s  
ability to continue as a going concern. They also  
have the responsibility for disclosing, as applicable,  
matters related to going concern. In addition, they  
are responsible for financial reporting based on the  
going concern basis of accounting unless there is an  
intention to liquidate the Group or to cease operations,  
or there is no realistic alternative but to do so.  
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is  
not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance  
with Section 317 HGB and the EU Audit Regulation  
and in compliance with German Generally Accepted  
Standards for Financial Statement Audits promulgated  
by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW) will always  
detect a material misstatement. Misstatements can  
arise from fraud or error and are considered material if,  
individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably  
be expected to influence the economic decisions of  
users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial  
statements and this group management report.  
Furthermore, management is responsible for the  
preparation of the group management report that, as  
a whole, provides an appropriate view of the Group’s  
position and is, in all material respects, consistent  
with the consolidated financial statements, complies  
with German legal requirements, and appropriately  
presents the opportunities and risks of future devel-  
opment. In addition, management is responsible for  
such arrangements and measures (systems) as they  
have considered necessary to enable the preparation  
of a group management report that is in accordance  
with the applicable German legal requirements, and  
to be able to provide sufficient appropriate evidence  
for the assertions in the group management report.  
We exercise professional judgment and maintain  
professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:  
Identify and assess the risks of material misstate-  
ment of the consolidated financial statements  
and of the group management report, whether  
due to fraud or error, design and perform audit  
procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain  
audit evidence that is sufficient and appropri-  
ate to provide a basis for our opinions. The risk  
of not detecting a material misstatement result-  
ing from fraud is higher than for one resulting  
from error, as fraud may involve collusion, for-  
gery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations,  
or the override of internal control.  
The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing  
the Group’s financial reporting process for the prepa-  
ration of the consolidated financial statements and of  
the group management report.  
Obtain an understanding of internal control  
relevant to the audit of the consolidated finan-  
cial statements and of arrangements and meas-  
ures (systems) relevant to the audit of the group  
management report in order to design audit  
procedures that are appropriate in the circum-  
stances, but not for the purpose of expressing  
an opinion on the effectiveness of these systems.  
2
45  
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting pol-  
icies used by management and the reason-  
ableness of estimates made by management  
and related disclosures.  
Perform audit procedures on the prospective in-  
formation presented by management in the  
group management report. On the basis of suf-  
ficient appropriate audit evidence we evaluate,  
in particular, the significant assumptions used  
by management as a basis for the prospective  
information, and evaluate the proper derivation  
of the prospective information from these as-  
sumptions. We do not express a separate opin-  
ion on the prospective information and on the  
assumptions used as a basis. There is a substan-  
tial unavoidable risk that future events will dif-  
fer materially from the prospective information.  
Conclude on the appropriateness of manage-  
ment’s use of the going concern basis of account-  
ing and, based on the audit evidence obtained,  
whether a material uncertainty exists related to  
events or conditions that may cast significant  
doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a go-  
ing concern. If we conclude that a material un-  
certainty exists, we are required to draw attention  
in the auditor’s report to the related disclosures  
in the consolidated financial statements and in  
the group management report or, if such disclo-  
sures are inadequate, to modify our respective  
opinions. Our conclusions are based on the  
audit evidence obtained up to the date of our au-  
ditor’s report. However, future events or condi-  
tions may cause the Group to cease to be able to  
continue as a going concern.  
We communicate with those charged with governance  
regarding, among other matters, the planned scope  
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings,  
including any significant deficiencies in internal con-  
trol that we identify during our audit.  
We also provide those charged with governance with  
a statement that we have complied with the relevant  
independence requirements, and communicate with  
them all relationships and other matters that may  
reasonably be thought to bear on our independence,  
and where applicable, the related safeguards.  
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and  
content of the consolidated financial statements,  
including the disclosures, and whether the con-  
solidated financial statements present the under-  
lying transactions and events in a manner that  
the consolidated financial statements give a true  
and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial  
position and financial performance of the Group  
in compliance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU  
and the additional requirements of German com-  
mercial law pursuant to Section 315e (1) HGB.  
From the matters communicated with those charged  
with governance, we determine those matters that  
were of most significance in the audit of the consoli-  
dated financial statements of the current period and  
are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these  
matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation  
precludes public disclosure about the matter.  
Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence re-  
garding the financial information of the entities  
or business activities within the Group to express  
opinions on the consolidated financial statements  
and on the group management report. We are  
responsible for the direction, supervision and per-  
formance of the group audit. We remain solely  
responsible for our opinions.  
Evaluate the consistency of the group manage-  
ment report with the consolidated financial  
statements, its conformity with [German] law,  
and the view of the Group’s position it pro-  
vides.  
2
46  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Other Legal and Regulatory  
Requirements  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
Further Information pursuant to Article 10 of the  
EU Audit Regulation  
We were elected as group auditor by the annual  
general meeting on 11 May 2017 for the financial  
year from  
1 January to 31 December 2017 and on  
2
2 June 2017 we were engaged by the audit commit-  
tee of the supervisory board. Taking into consider-  
ation the Article 41 (1) EU APrVO we have been the  
group auditor of the Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft without interruption for more  
than 30 years.  
We declare that the opinions expressed in this audi-  
tor’s report are consistent with the additional report  
to the audit committee pursuant to Article 11 of the  
EU Audit Regulation (long-form audit report).  
Certified Public Auditor Responsible  
for the Engagement  
The Certified Public Auditor responsible for the  
engagement is Andreas Feege.  
Munich, 26 February 2018  
KꢋMG AG  
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft  
Sailer  
Feege  
Wirtschaftsprüfer  
Wirtschaftsprüfer  
[
Certified Public Auditor]  
[Certified Public Auditor]  
OTHER  
INFORMATION  
Page 248 BMW Group Ten-year Comparison  
Page 250 Glossary – Explanation of Key Figures  
Page 252 Index  
Page 254 Index of Graphs  
Page 255 Financial Calendar  
Page 256 Contacts  
5
5
Other  
Information  
Ten-year  
Comparison  
Glossary –  
Explanation  
of Key Figures  
Index  
Index of Graphs  
Financial Calendar  
Contacts  
2
48  
Other  
Information  
BMW GROUP  
BMW Group  
Ten-year  
Comparison  
TEN-YEAR COMPARISON  
2
017  
2016  
2015  
2014  
Deliveries  
Automobiles  
units  
units  
2,463,526  
164,153  
2,367,603  
145,032  
2,247,485  
136,963  
2,117,965  
123,495  
Motorcycles1  
ProDuction volume  
Automobiles  
units  
units  
2,505,741  
185,682  
2,359,756  
145,555  
2,279,503  
151,004  
2,165,566  
133,615  
Motorcycles1  
Financial services  
Contract portfolio  
contracts  
€ million  
5,380,785  
124,719  
5,114,906  
123,394  
4,718,970  
111,191  
4,359,572  
96,390  
Business volume (based on balance sheet carrying amounts)  
income statement  
Revenues  
€ million  
%
98,678  
20.2  
94,163  
19.9  
92,175  
19.7  
80,401  
21.2  
Gross profit margin  
Earnings before financial result  
Earnings before tax  
€ million  
€ million  
%
9,880  
10,655  
10.8  
9,386  
9,665  
10.3  
9,593  
9,224  
10.0  
9,118  
8,707  
10.8  
Return on sales (earnings before tax / revenues)  
Income taxes  
€ million  
%
1,949  
18.3  
2,755  
28.5  
2,828  
30.7  
2,890  
33.2  
Effective tax rate  
Net profit for the year  
€ million  
8,706  
6,910  
6,396  
5,817  
Balance sheet  
Non-current assets  
€ million  
€ million  
€ million  
%
121,901  
71,582  
4,688  
121,671  
66,864  
3,731  
110,343  
61,831  
3,826  
97,959  
56,844  
4,601  
Current assets  
Capital expenditure (excluding capitalised development costs)  
Capital expenditure ratio (capital expenditure / revenues)  
Equity  
4.8  
4.0  
4.2  
5.7  
€ million  
%
54,548  
28.2  
47,363  
25.1  
42,764  
24.8  
37,437  
24.2  
Equity ratio  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
Current provisions and liabilities  
Balance sheet total  
€ million  
€ million  
€ million  
69,888  
69,047  
193,483  
73,183  
67,989  
188,535  
63,819  
65,591  
172,174  
58,288  
59,078  
154,803  
cash Flow statement  
Cash and cash equivalents at balance sheet date  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
€ million  
€ million  
9,039  
4,459  
7,880  
5,792  
6,122  
5,404  
7,688  
3,481  
Personnel  
Workforce at year-end2  
129,932  
100,760  
124,729  
99,575  
122,244  
97,136  
116,324  
92,337  
Personnel cost per employee  
DiviDenD  
Dividend total  
€ million  
2,630  
2,300  
2,102  
1,904  
4.00 / 4.023  
3
3.50 / 3.52  
3.20/ 3.22  
2.90 / 2.92  
Dividend per share of common stock / preferred stock  
1
Excluding Husqvarna, deliveries up to 2013: 59,776 units; production up to 2013: 59,426 units.  
Figures exclude dormant employment contracts, employees in the non-work phases of pre-retirement part-time arrangements and low wage earners.  
Proposal by management.  
2
3
2
49  
2
013  
2012  
2011  
2010  
2009  
2008  
ꢄꢀlIVꢀꢆIꢀS  
Automobiles  
1
2
4
,963,798  
15,215  
1,845,186  
106,358  
1,668,982  
104,286  
1,461,166  
98,047  
1,286,310  
87,306  
1,435,876  
101,685  
1
Motorcycles1  
ꢋꢆꢅꢄꢂCꢁIꢅꢃ VꢅlꢂMꢀ  
Automobiles  
,006,366  
10,127  
1,861,826  
113,811  
1,738,160  
110,360  
1,481,253  
99,236  
1,258,417  
82,631  
1,439,918  
104,220  
1
Motorcycles1  
ꢈIꢃAꢃCIAl SꢀꢆVICꢀS  
Contract portfolio  
,130,002  
3,846,364  
80,974  
3,592,093  
75,245  
3,190,353  
66,233  
3,085,946  
61,202  
3,031,935  
60,653  
8
4,347  
Business volume (based on balance sheet carrying amounts)  
IꢃCꢅMꢀ SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Revenues  
7
6,059  
76,848  
20.2  
68,821  
21.1  
60,477  
18.1  
50,681  
10.5  
289  
53,197  
11.4  
921  
351  
0.7  
2
0.1  
Gross profit margin  
7
7
,978  
,893  
8,275  
7,803  
10.2  
8,018  
7,383  
10.7  
5,111  
4,853  
8.0  
Earnings before financial result  
Earnings before tax  
413  
1
0.4  
,564  
2.5  
,329  
0.8  
Return on sales (earnings before tax / revenues)  
Income taxes  
2
5
2,692  
34.5  
2,476  
33.5  
1,610  
33.1  
203  
21  
3
49.2  
210  
6.0  
Effective tax rate  
5,111  
4,907  
3,243  
330  
Net profit for the year  
bAlAꢃCꢀ Sꢇꢀꢀꢁ  
Non-current assets  
8
5
6,193  
2,184  
81,305  
50,530  
4,151  
74,425  
49,004  
2,720  
67,013  
43,151  
2,312  
62,009  
39,944  
2,383  
62,416  
38,670  
2,980  
Current assets  
4
,967  
.5  
5,600  
5.7  
Capital expenditure (excluding capitalised development costs)  
Capital expenditure ratio (capital expenditure / revenues)  
Equity  
6
5.4  
4.0  
3.8  
4.7  
5.6  
3
30,606  
23.2  
27,103  
22.0  
23,930  
21.7  
19,915  
19.5  
20,273  
20.1  
2
Equity ratio  
5
5
1,643  
1,134  
52,834  
48,395  
131,835  
49,113  
47,213  
123,429  
46,100  
40,134  
110,164  
45,119  
36,919  
101,953  
41,526  
39,287  
101,086  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
Current provisions and liabilities  
Balance sheet total  
1
38,377  
CASꢇ ꢈlꢅW SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Cash and cash equivalents at balance sheet date  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
7
3
,671  
,003  
8,370  
3,809  
7,776  
3,166  
7,432  
4,471  
7,767  
1,456  
7,454  
197  
ꢋꢀꢆSꢅꢃꢃꢀl  
Workforce at year-end2  
1
10,351  
9,869  
105,876  
89,161  
100,306  
84,887  
95,453  
83,141  
96,230  
72,349  
100,041  
75,612  
8
Personnel cost per employee  
ꢄIVIꢄꢀꢃꢄ  
Dividend total  
1
,707  
1,640  
1,508  
852  
197  
197  
2
.60 / 2.62  
2.50 / 2.52  
2.30 / 2.32  
1.30 /1.32  
0.30 / 0.32  
0.30 / 0.32  
Dividend per share of common stock / preferred stock  
2
50  
Other  
Information  
GLOSSARY – EXPLANATION  
OF KEY FIGURES  
Commercial paper  
Short-term debt instruments with a term of less than  
one year which are usually sold at a discount to their  
face value.  
Glossary –  
Explanation  
of Key Figures  
Consolidation  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
A form of corporate financing involving the sale of  
receivables to a financing company.  
The process of combining separate financial state-  
ments of Group entities into Group Financial State-  
ments, depicting the financial position, net assets  
and results of operations of the Group as a single  
economic entity.  
Bond  
A securitised debt instrument in which the issuer  
certifies its obligation to repay the nominal amount  
at the end of a fixed term and to pay a fixed or variable  
rate of interest.  
Credit default swap (CDS)  
Financial swap agreements, under which creditors of  
securities (usually bonds) pay premiums to the seller  
of the CDS to hedge against the risk that the issuer of  
the bond will default. As with credit default insurance  
agreements, the party receiving the premiums gives  
a commitment to compensate the bond creditor in  
the event of default.  
Business volume in balance sheet terms  
The sum of the balance sheet line items “Leased prod-  
ucts” and “Receivables from sales financing” (current  
and non-current), as reported in the balance sheet for  
the Financial Services segment.  
Earnings per share (EPS)  
Basic earnings per share are calculated for common  
and preferred stock by dividing the net profit after  
minority interests, as attributable to each category of  
stock, by the average number of shares in circulation.  
Earnings per share of preferred stock are computed  
on the basis of the number of preferred stock shares  
entitled to receive a dividend in each of the relevant  
financial years.  
Capital expenditure ratio  
Investments in property, plant and equipment and  
other intangible assets (excluding capitalised  
development costs) as a percentage of Group  
revenues.  
Capitalisation rate  
Capitalised development costs as a percentage of  
research and development expenditure.  
EBIT  
Abbreviation for “Earnings Before Interest and Taxes”,  
equivalent in the BMW Group income statement to  
“Profitꢀ/ꢀloss before financial result”.  
Cash flow  
Liquid funds generated (cash inflows) or used (cash  
outflows) during a reporting period.  
EBIT margin  
Cash flow at risk  
Profitꢀ/ꢀloss before financial result as a percentage of  
Similar to “value at risk” (see definition below).  
revenues.  
Cash flow hedge  
Effective tax rate  
A hedge against exposures to the variability in fore-  
casted cash flows, particularly in connection with  
exchange rate fluctuations.  
The effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the  
income tax expense by the Group profit before tax.  
2
51  
Equity ratio  
Return on capital employed (RoCE)  
Equity capital as a percentage of the balance sheet  
total.  
RoCE in the Automotive and Motorcycles segments  
is measured on the basis of relevant segment profit  
before financial result and the average amount of  
capital employed in the segment concerned. Capital  
employed corresponds to the sum of all current and  
non-current operational assets, less liabilities that do  
not incur interest.  
Fair value  
The amount for which an asset could be exchanged,  
or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing  
parties in an arm’s length transaction.  
Return on equity (RoE)  
Fair value hedge  
A hedge against exposures to fluctuations in the fair  
value of a balance sheet item.  
RoE in the Financial Services segment is calculated as  
segment profit before taxes, divided by the average  
amount of equity capital attributable to the Financial  
Services segment.  
Goodwill  
Goodwill corresponds to the consideration paid to  
acquire an entity, less the fair value of the separate  
assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The buyer  
is willing to pay the additional amount in return for  
future expected earnings.  
Value at risk  
A measure of the potential maximum loss in value of  
an item during a set time period, based on a specified  
probability.  
Gross margin  
Gross profit as a percentage of Group revenues.  
Liquidity  
Cash and cash equivalents as well as marketable secu-  
rities and investment funds.  
Post-tax return on sales  
Group net profit as a percentage of Group revenues.  
Pre-tax return on sales  
Group profitꢀ/ꢀloss before tax as a percentage of Group  
revenues.  
Research and development expenditure  
The sum of research and non-capitalised development  
cost and capitalised development cost (not including  
the associated scheduled amortisation).  
Research and development expenditure ratio  
Research and development expenditure as a percent-  
age of Group revenues.  
2
52  
Other  
Information  
INDEX  
F
Index  
Financial assets  
Financial instruments  
Financial liabilities  
82, 88, 152 et seq.  
168 et seq.  
80, 83, 163 et seq.  
Financial reporting rules  
Financial result  
Financial Services segment  
135 et seq.  
59 et seq.  
A
74, 87  
Accounting policies  
128 et seq.  
52 et seq.  
Apprentices  
66  
Automotive segment  
G
Group tangible, intangible and investment  
B
assets  
146 et seq.  
Balance sheet structure  
82  
Bonds  
80, 164  
I
Income statement  
Income taxes  
72, 87, 118 et seq., 139 et seq.  
74, 140 et seq., 162  
129, 148  
82, 89, 154  
C
Capital expenditure  
Cash and cash equivalents  
5, 74 et seq.  
Intangible assets  
Inventories  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
77 et seq., 122 et seq.  
Cash flow  
5, 78 et seq., 122 et seq.  
CO fleet emissions  
4, 49, 70, 94 et seq.  
and other investments  
149 et seq.  
2
Compensation Report  
221 et seq.  
Compliance  
216 et seq.  
Connected Drive  
32  
Consolidated companies  
Consolidation principles  
Contingent liabilities  
Corporate Governance  
Cost of materials  
Cost of sales  
127  
127  
K
Key data per share  
27  
167  
198 et seq.  
84 et seq.  
73, 139  
L
Lease business  
59 et seq.  
149  
Leased products  
Locations  
38 et seq.  
D
List of investments  
188 et seq.  
Dealer organisation/dealerships  
Declaration with respect to the  
Corporate Governance Code  
31, 64  
199  
Digitalisation  
Dividend  
Dow Jones Sustainability Index World  
32, 61, 64  
M
26, 143 et seq.  
Mandates of members of the Board of Management  
200  
70  
Mandates of members of the Supervisory Board  
2
01 et seq.  
Marketable securities  
Motorcycles segment  
78, 131  
58  
E
Earnings per share  
EBIT marginꢀ/ꢀreturn on sales  
5, 143  
5 et seq., 41 et seq.,  
5
0 et seq., 74 et seq., 94 et seq.  
Efficient Dynamics  
Employees  
Equity  
32  
4, 30, 49, 66 et seq., 93  
83, 155 et seq.  
N
Net profit  
5
Exchange rates  
45 et seq., 91 et seq., 106, 128, 177 et seq.  
2
53  
O
T
Other financial result  
Other investments  
140  
Tangible, intangible and investment assets  
171  
146 et seq.  
Other operating income and expenses  
Other provisions  
139 et seq.  
Trade payables  
Trade receivables  
166  
154  
162  
Outlook  
90 et seq.  
P
Pension provisions  
Performance indicators  
83, 89, 157 et seq.  
4 et seq., 40 et seq., 49 et seq.,  
9
3 et seq.  
Personnel expenses  
143  
Production  
54 et seq.  
Production network  
38 et seq., 54 et seq.  
5 et seq., 74  
5 et seq., 49, 72, 74, 93, 95  
148  
Profit before financial result  
Profit before tax  
Property, plant and equipment  
Purchasing  
63  
R
Rating  
26  
Receivables from sales financing  
151 et seq.  
Refinancing  
79 et seq.  
Related party relationships  
Remuneration system  
179 et seq.  
221 et seq.  
Report of the Supervisory Board  
Research and development  
8 et seq.  
32 et seq., 61 et seq.  
Revenue reserves  
Revenues  
Risks and opportunities  
155  
5, 50 et seq., 72 et seq., 75 et seq., 87, 94 et seq., 139  
96 et seq.  
RoCE  
RoE  
5, 40 et seq., 50 et seq., 94  
5, 40 et seq., 51, 95  
S
Sales volume  
Segment information  
4, 49 et seq., 52 et seq., 58, 94 et seq.  
183 et seq.  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Statement of Comprehensive Income  
74, 139  
118, 145  
Stock  
24 et seq.  
Sustainability  
34, 68 et seq.  
2
54  
Other  
Information  
INDEX OF GRAPHS  
Finances  
BMW Group in figures  
Development of BMW stock  
BMW Group value drivers  
6
Index of Graphs  
24, 25  
Financial Calendar  
40  
Contract portfolio of Financial Services segment  
5
9
BMW Group new vehicles financed or leased by  
Financial Services segment  
Contract portfolio retail customer financing of  
59  
Financial Services segment 2017  
Development of credit loss ratio  
60  
61  
Regional mix of BMW Group purchase volumes  
017  
BMW Group change in cash and cash equivalents  
2
63  
7
8
BMW Group Financial liabilities by maturity  
Balance sheet structure – Group  
Balance sheet structure – Automotive segment  
BMW Group value added 2017  
80  
82  
82  
85  
Risk management in the BMW Group  
96  
Sales volume and locations  
BMW Group locations  
38 et seq.  
BMW Group – key automobile markets 2017  
52  
58  
BMW Group deliveries of motorcycles  
58  
BMW Group – key motorcycle markets 2017  
Workforce  
BMW Group apprentices at 31 December  
66  
Employee attrition rate at BMWAG  
Proportion of female employees in management  
functions at BMWAGꢀ/ꢀBMW Group  
Proportion of female executives within manage-  
67  
67  
mentꢀ/ꢀfunction levels I and II at BMWAG  
213  
Sustainability  
Materiality matrix  
69  
Further information  
Exchange rates compared to the euro  
Oil price trend  
Precious metals price trend  
Steel price trend  
BMWGroup Compliance Management System  
45  
46  
46  
47  
2
16  
Overview of compensation system of the Board of  
Management  
223  
2
55  
FINANCIAL CALENDAR  
2
018  
2
1 March 2018  
Annual Accounts Press Conference  
2
2 March 2018  
Analyst and Investor Conference  
4
May 2018  
Quarterly Report to 31 March 2018  
1
7 May 2018  
Annual General Meeting  
2
August 2018  
Quarterly Report to 30 June 2018  
7
November 2018  
Quarterly Report to 30 September 2018  
2
019  
2
0 March 2019  
Annual Report 2018  
2
0 March 2019  
Annual Accounts Press Conference  
2
1 March 2019  
Analyst and Investor Conference  
7
May 2019  
Quarterly Report to 31 March 2019  
1
6 May 2019  
Annual General Meeting  
1
August 2019  
Quarterly Report to 30 June 2019  
6
November 2019  
Quarterly Report to 30 September 2019  
2
56  
Other  
Information  
CONTACTS  
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Telephone +ꢀ49 89 382-2 45 44  
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E-mail  
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available online at  
Investor Relations information is available directly  
at  
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and  
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.
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A further contribution  
towards preserving resources  
The BMW Annual Report was printed on paper produced in accordance with the internation-  
®
al FSC Standard: the pulp is sourced from sustainably managed forests.  
2
The corresponding CO emissions were compensated by additional environmental and cli-  
mate protection measures as part of a reforestation project in collaboration with Bergwald-  
projekt e. V. (certificate number: DE-250-830816).  
This version of the Annual Report is a translation  
from the German version. Only the original German  
version is binding.  
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0788 Munich  
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