Automotive   |   BMW AG
A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 1 8  
#
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CONTENTS  
1
4
TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS  
CORPORATE  
GOVERNANCE  
Page  
Page  
4
8
BMW Group in Figures  
Report of the Supervisory Board  
Page 200 Statement on Corporate Governance  
(
Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 16 Statement of the Chairman of the  
Board of Management  
Page 200 Information on the Company’s Governing Constitution  
Page 201 Declaration of the Board of Management and of the  
Supervisory Board Pursuant to § 161 AktG  
Page 20 BMW AG Stock and Capital Markets in 2018  
Page 202 Members of the Board of Management  
Page 203 Members of the Supervisory Board  
Page 206 Composition and Work Procedures of the Board of  
Management of BMW AG and its Committees  
2
Page 208 Composition and Work Procedures of the  
Supervisory Board of BMW AG and its Committees  
COMBINED  
Page 215 Disclosures Pursuant to the Act on Equal  
Gender Participation  
MANAGEMENT REPORT  
Page 216 Information on Corporate Governance Practices Applied  
beyond Mandatory Requirements  
Page 26 General Information and Group Profile  
Page 26 Organisation and Business Model  
Page 36 Management System  
Page 218 Compliance in the BMW Group  
Page 223 Compensation Report  
Page 40 Report on Economic Position  
(Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 40 General and Sector-specific Environment  
Page 44 Overall Assessment by Management  
Page 239 Responsibility Statement by the  
Company’s Legal Representatives  
Page 45 Comparison of Forecasts for 2018 with Actual Results in 2018  
Page 48 Review of Operations  
Page 240 Independent Auditor’s Report  
Page 65 Results of Operations, Financial Position and Net Assets  
Page 80 Comments on Financial Statements of BMW AG  
Page 84 Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities  
Page 84 Outlook  
5
Page 90 Risks and Opportunities  
OTHER INFORMATION  
Page 103 Internal Control System Relevant for Accounting and  
Financial Reporting Processes  
Page 248 BMW Group Ten-year Comparison  
Page 250 Glossary – Explanation of Key Figures  
Page 252 Index  
Page 104 Disclosures Relevant for Takeovers and  
Explanatory Comments  
Page 254 Index of Graphs  
Page 255 Financial Calendar  
Page 256 Contacts  
3
GROUP FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS  
Page 110 Income Statement  
Page 110 Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 112 Balance Sheet  
Page 114 Cash Flow Statement  
Page 116 Statement of Changes in Equity  
Page 118 Notes to the Group Financial Statements  
Page 118 Accounting Principles and Policies  
Page 139 Notes to the Income Statement  
Page 145 Notes to the Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 146 Notes to the Balance Sheet  
Page 167 Other Disclosures  
Page 184 Segment Information  
Page 190 List of Investments at 31 December 2018  
ꢀM ILESTONESꢀ  
INꢀFUTUREꢀMOBILITY  
Our Annual Report is also available  
in digital form under:  
www.annual-report2018.bmwgroup.com  
The figures for fuel consumption, CO  
based on the measurement methods stipulated in the current version of Regulation  
EU) 715 / 2007. This information is based on a vehicle with basic equipment in Germany;  
ranges take into account differences in wheel and tire size selected as well as optional  
2
emissions and power consumption are calculated  
(
2
equipment and can change based on configuration. Fuel consumption and CO emissions  
information are available on page 108.  
TheꢀfiguresꢀhaveꢀbeenꢀcalculatedꢀbasedꢀonꢀtheꢀnewꢀWLTPꢀtestꢀcycleꢀandꢀadaptedꢀtoꢀNEDCꢀ  
forꢀcomparisonꢀpurposes.ꢀInꢀtheseꢀvehicles,ꢀdifferentꢀfiguresꢀthanꢀthoseꢀpublishedꢀhereꢀmayꢀ  
apply for the assessment of taxes and other vehicle-related duties which are (also) based  
2
on CO -emissions.ꢀTheseꢀfiguresꢀareꢀprovisional.  
ForꢀfurtherꢀdetailsꢀofꢀtheꢀofficialꢀfuelꢀconsumptionꢀfiguresꢀandꢀofficialꢀspecificꢀCO  
2
emissions  
of new cars, please refer to the “Manual on fuel consumption, CO  
consumption of new cars”, available at www.dat.de/co2/.  
2
emissions and power  
1
To Our  
Shareholders  
BMW Group in  
Figures  
TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
Statement of  
the Chairman of  
the Board of  
Management  
BMW AG Stock and  
Capital Markets  
Page  
Page  
4
8
BMW Group in Figures  
Report of the Supervisory Board  
Page 16 Statement of the Chairman of the Board of Management  
Page 20 BMW AG Stock and Capital Markets in 2018  
1
4
To Our  
Shareholders  
BMW GROUP IN FIGURES  
BMW Group  
in Figures  
Key non-financial performance indicators  
01  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Change in %  
Group  
Workforceꢀatꢀyear-endꢀ1  
116,324  
122,244  
124,729  
129,932  
134,682  
3.7  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveries2  
Fleet emissions in g CO  
2
/ km3  
2,117,965  
130  
2,247,485  
127  
2,367,603  
124  
2,463,526  
1284  
2,490,664  
128  
1.1  
motorcycles seGment  
Deliveries  
123,495  
136,963  
145,032  
164,153  
165,566  
0.9  
Further non-financial performance figures  
02  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Change in %  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveries  
BMWꢀ2  
1,811,719  
302,183  
4,063  
1,905,234  
338,466  
3,785  
2,003,359  
360,233  
4,011  
2,088,283  
371,881  
3,362  
2,125,026  
361,531  
4,107  
1.8  
– 2.8  
22.2  
1.1  
MINI  
Rolls-Royce  
Total2  
2,117,965  
2,247,485  
2,367,603  
2,463,526  
2,490,664  
Productionꢀvolume  
BMWꢀ5  
1,838,268  
322,803  
4,495  
1,933,647  
342,008  
3,848  
2,002,997  
352,580  
4,179  
2,123,947  
378,486  
3,308  
2,168,496  
368,685  
4,353  
2.1  
– 2.6  
31.6  
1.4  
MINI  
Rolls-Royce  
Total5  
2,165,566  
2,279,503  
2,359,756  
2,505,741  
2,541,534  
motorcycles seGment  
Productionꢀvolume  
BMW  
133,615  
151,004  
145,555  
185,682  
162,687  
– 12.4  
4.4  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
Newꢀcontractsꢀwithꢀretailꢀcustomers  
1,509,113  
1,655,961  
1,811,157  
1,828,604  
1,908,640  
1
Figures exclude suspended contracts of employment, employees in the non-work phases of pre-retirement part-time arrangements and low income earners.  
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2014:ꢀ275,891ꢀunits,ꢀ2015:ꢀ282,000ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ316,200ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits,ꢀ2018:ꢀ459,581ꢀunits).  
EU-28.  
AdjustedꢀvalueꢀbasedꢀonꢀplannedꢀconversionꢀtoꢀWLTPꢀ(WorldwideꢀHarmonisedꢀLightꢀVehiclesꢀTestꢀProcedure).  
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2014:ꢀ287,466ꢀunits,ꢀ2015:ꢀ287,755ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ305,726ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ396,749ꢀunits,ꢀ2018:ꢀ491,872ꢀunits).  
2
3
4
5
5
Key financial performance indicators  
03  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Change in %  
Group  
1
Profitꢀbeforeꢀtax in € million  
8,707  
9,224  
9,665  
10,675  
9,815  
– 8.1  
Automotive seGment  
1
Revenues in € million  
75,173  
9.6  
85,536  
9.2  
86,424  
8.9  
85,742  
9.2  
85,846  
7.2  
0.1  
– 2.0  
1
EBITꢀmargin in % (change in %pts)  
1
RoCE in % (change in %pts)  
61.7  
72.2  
74.3  
77.7  
49.8  
– 27.9  
motorcycles seGment  
1
EBITꢀmargin in % (change in %pts)  
6.7  
9.1  
9.0  
9.1  
8.1  
–1.0  
– 5.6  
1
RoCE in % (change in %pts)  
21.8  
31.6  
33.0  
34.0  
28.4  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
RoE in % (change in %pts)  
19.4  
20.2  
21.2  
18.1  
14.8  
– 3.3  
Further financial performance figures  
04  
in € million  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
Change in %  
Total capital expenditure2  
6,100  
4,170  
3,481  
5,890  
4,659  
5,404  
5,823  
4,806  
5,792  
7,112  
4,822  
4,459  
8,013  
5,113  
2,713  
12.7  
6.0  
Depreciation and amortisation  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
– 39.2  
Group revenues1  
Automotive1  
Motorcycles1  
80,401  
75,173  
1,679  
92,175  
85,536  
1,990  
94,163  
86,424  
2,069  
98,282  
85,742  
2,272  
97,480  
85,846  
2,173  
28,165  
6
– 0.8  
0.1  
– 4.4  
2.2  
FinancialꢀServices  
Other Entities  
Eliminations1  
20,599  
7
23,739  
7
25,681  
6
27,567  
7
–14.3  
– 8.1  
–17,057  
–19,097  
– 20,017  
–17,306  
–18,710  
Group profit before financial result (EBIT)1  
Automotive1  
Motorcycles1  
9,118  
7,244  
112  
9,593  
7,836  
182  
9,386  
7,695  
187  
9,899  
7,888  
207  
9,121  
6,182  
175  
– 7.9  
– 21.6  
–15.5  
– 0.2  
FinancialꢀServices  
Other Entities  
1,756  
71  
1,981  
169  
2,184  
–17  
2,194  
14  
2,190  
– 27  
Eliminations1  
– 65  
– 575  
– 663  
– 404  
601  
Group profit before tax (EBT)1  
Automotive1  
Motorcycles1  
8,707  
6,886  
107  
9,224  
7,523  
179  
9,665  
7,916  
185  
10,675  
8,717  
205  
9,815  
6,977  
169  
– 8.1  
– 20.0  
–17.6  
– 2.1  
FinancialꢀServices  
Other Entities  
1,723  
154  
1,975  
211  
2,166  
170  
2,207  
80  
2,161  
– 45  
Eliminations1  
–163  
– 664  
– 772  
– 534  
553  
Group income taxes1  
– 2,890  
5,817  
– 2,828  
6,396  
– 2,755  
6,910  
– 2,000  
8,675  
– 2,575  
7,240  
– 28.8  
–16.5  
Profit from continuing operations  
Lossꢀfromꢀdiscontinuedꢀoperations  
Group net profit1  
– 33  
5,817  
8.83 / 8.85  
10.8  
6,396  
9.70 / 9.72  
10.0  
6,910  
8,675  
7,207  
–16.9  
1
Earnings per share in €  
10.45 /10.47  
10.3  
13.07 /13.09  
10.9  
10.82 /10.84  
10.1  
– 17.2 / –17.2  
– 0.8  
Pre-tax return on sales1, 3 in % (change in %pts)  
1
Priorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
Expenditure for capitalised development costs, other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.  
GroupꢀprofitꢀbeforeꢀtaxꢀasꢀaꢀpercentageꢀofꢀGroupꢀrevenues.  
2
3
6
To Our  
Shareholders  
1
BMW Group deliveries of automobilesꢀ  
BMW Group revenuesꢀ  
• 07  
05  
BMW Group  
in Figures  
in 1,000 units  
in € billion  
2
,463.5 2,490.7  
98.3  
97.5  
2
,367.6  
94.2  
2
1
0
,500  
2,247.5  
,118.0  
100  
50  
0
92.2  
2
8
0.4  
,250  
2
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
1
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀ Sꢀ henyangꢀ  
2014:ꢀ275,891ꢀunits,ꢀ2015:ꢀ282,000ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ316,200ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits,ꢀ  
018:ꢀ459,581ꢀunits).  
(
2
BMW Group profit before financial result (EBIT)ꢀ  
BMW Group profit before taxꢀ  
• 08  
06  
in € million  
in € million  
10,675  
1
1,000  
9,899  
11,000  
5,500  
0
9
,593  
9,665  
9
,815  
9
,386  
9,224  
9
,118  
9,121  
8
,707  
5
0
,500  
2
2
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2
ꢀP riorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀ  
seeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
1
REPORT OF THE  
SUPERVISORY BOARD  
To Our  
Shareholders  
BMW Group in  
Figures  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
Statement of  
the Chairman of  
the Board of  
STATEMENT OF THE  
CHAIRMAN OF THE  
Management  
BMW AG Stock and  
Capital Markets  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
BMW AG STOCK AND  
CAPITAL MARKETS IN 2018  
8
To Our  
Shareholders  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
Norbert Reithofer  
ChairmanꢀofꢀtheꢀSupervisoryꢀBoard  
9
Dear Shareholders,  
In the course of 2018, our company had to tackle a variety of challenges within its business  
environment. However, we were able to master them and achieve a good result, despite the adversities.  
At the same time, the Group is systematically laying the foundations for long-term success going  
forward. The continuous expansion of our range of electrified vehicles is one good example of this  
strategy. Particularly in these times of fundamental change, the BMW Group maintains a leading  
position in the automotive industry, shaping technological transformation with determination,  
passion and professional excellence.  
Monitoring and advisory activities of the Supervisory Board  
In our capacity as Supervisory Board, we provided the Board of Management with in-depth advice  
on matters relating to the management and further development of the BMW Group and monitored  
the Board of Management’s running of the business, both continuously and thoroughly. The full  
Supervisory Board met five times in the course of the year, including one two-day meeting, and on  
each occasion deliberated in detail with the Board of Management on the Group’s performance. In  
addition to these meetings, the Board of Management provided us with information on matters of  
particular significance. Furthermore, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board was in frequent contact  
with the Chairman of the Board of Management, as was the Chairman of the Audit Committee with  
the Chief Financial Officer, in order to deal with current topics as they arose.  
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board also held individual discussions with representatives of  
various investors as well as with a shareholders’ association. Topics of these consultations included  
the treatment of strategy by the Supervisory Board, the involvement of the Supervisory Board in  
sustainability issues and the new compensation system for the Board of Management.  
The work of the Supervisory Board focused in particular on the strategic development of the  
BMW Group’s business models against the backdrop of digitalisation, drivetrain electrification  
and other key trends. We also debated exhaustively on the challenges posed by trade conflicts,  
the imminent Brexit crisis and supply distortions resulting from the difficulties encountered by  
some of our competitors in converting to the new European WLTP testing cycle.  
In its regular reports on the BMW Group’s current situation, the Board of Management provided us  
with information about new vehicle models, delivery volume trends and market developments in the  
Automotive and Motorcycles segments as well as new and total business volumes in the Financial  
Services segment, in each case highlighting any planning variances. The Board of Management  
also presented us with the latest workforce figures and reported on economic developments in  
key markets.  
The status reports also included information on other current transactions and projects of key  
importance, which the Supervisory Board considered in detail. These topics included important  
cooperation projects such as the joint venture with Great Wall Motor, in particular regarding the  
production of all-electric MINI vehicles in China, the joint venture with Daimler in the field of  
mobility services and collaboration in the field of autonomous driving. The Supervisory Board also  
discussed the possible introduction of driving bans for certain diesel-powered vehicles in individual  
cities in Europe and the future prospects of diesel engines in general. Furthermore, the Board of  
Management reported on the temporary market disruptions caused by discount campaigns initiated  
by competitors in the run-up to the introduction of the new WLTP measurement procedures.  
It informed the Supervisory Board about the increased extent of statutory and non-statutory warranty  
measures as well as major vehicle recalls. International trade conflicts, trade risks and their impact  
on the BMW Group were repeatedly the subject of the status reports provided.  
1
0
To Our  
Shareholders  
In addition to the status reports, the Supervisory Board focused on a number of specific areas  
in greater detail. For example, the Board of Management reported on the current status and  
strategy of Group financing. Further topics focused on were market developments and business  
performance in North America, in the course of which trade risks and financial challenges in  
the region were also addressed. Moreover, the Board of Management reported in detail on the  
current status of and the overall strategy regarding the BMW brand.  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
The Supervisory Board discussed the current situation and strategy regarding the Group’s  
direct operations and joint ventures in China. In particular, the Board of Management  
described its plans to expand local production through the BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
joint venture (BBA) and its intention to increase its stake in BBA. The Supervisory Board  
supports the Board of Management’s strategically significant plan to increase the BMW Group’s  
stake in BBA’s share capital by 25 percentage points to 75 % by 2022 and gave its approval  
for the transaction.  
The Board of Management explained the current status of the customer ecosystem to the  
Supervisory Board and provided an outlook on the further development of the Digital Services  
and Mobility Services business fields. In the process, questions of data sovereignty and data  
security regarding data collected within the Group’s vehicles were also a topic of debate.  
Furthermore, the Supervisory Board discussed the Group’s global added value strategy across  
the production network and the criteria influencing the decision to locate the planned new  
production site in Eastern Europe.  
The Supervisory Board held lengthy discussions with the Board of Management regarding  
the current status of the Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT and the decisions taken in previous  
months to implement it. In particular, the Board of Management discussed recent changes in  
the market environment (such as customs duty increases, restrictive trade policies and Brexit  
scenarios) and explained how the current strategy enables the BMW Group to respond to the  
respective challenges. Among other matters, strategies regarding the electrification of the product  
range, drivetrain technology and digitalisation as well as autonomous driving were presented  
in detail. The Supervisory Board emphatically supports the continued implementation of the  
Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT.  
We also deliberated intensively on the BMW Group’s forecasts for the period from 2019 to 2024  
.
In this context, the Board of Management addressed the volatile nature of global economic  
and political conditions and their influence on planning. Risk scenarios and their possible  
effects on long-term planning were also presented. After thorough review, the Supervisory  
Board approved the BMW Group’s long-term corporate plan. Based on this plan, the Board of  
Management presented the annual budget for the financial year 2019, which we also discussed  
at great length.  
We also gave lengthy consideration to the business performance, risk situation and strategy of  
the Financial Services segment. The strategy for the further development of the MINI brand and  
cooperation with the Chinese company Great Wall Motor in this respect were also the subject  
of our deliberations. In addition, the Board of Management reported on the current status of  
diversity concepts for the Company.  
The Supervisory Board examined the structure and the level of compensation paid to the  
members of the Board of Management. In this context, we took into account trends in business  
performance, executive manager compensation and the remuneration of the workforce in  
Germany over time. Based on comparative studies conducted by an external compensation  
consultant, we concluded that the compensation of the members of the Board of Management  
is commensurate. Detailed information on the compensation of Board of Management members  
is provided in the Compensation Report.  
1
1
The new compensation system in place since the beginning of 2018 was approved by the  
Annual General Meeting in May 2018. The structure of compensation systems for members of  
the Board of Management and reporting thereon is currently the subject of draft amendments  
to the German Stock Corporation Act and the German Corporate Governance Code. For  
this reason, we have decided not to make any changes to the compensation system for the  
BMW Group’s Board of Management decided on as recently as 2017, but to await the results of  
the above-mentioned reforms.  
We also discussed corporate governance within the BMW Group and the application of the  
recommendations contained in the German Corporate Governance Code. In December, the  
Board of Management and the Supervisory Board issued their Declaration of Compliance with  
the German Corporate Governance Code. We comply with all of the recommendations of  
the current version of the Code with only one exception (the use of model tables for Board of  
Management compensation). The wording of the Declaration of Compliance is shown in the  
Corporate Governance Report.  
We also reviewed existing targets for the composition of the Supervisory Board and the competence  
profile set out for its members. We concluded that the composition of the Supervisory Board at  
31 December 2018 was in line with the targets stipulated in the diversity concept, the competency  
profile and other composition targets. We have decided to continue using the competency profile  
and the targets for the composition of the Supervisory Board for the financial year 2019.  
No conflicts of interest arose on the part of members of the Supervisory Board during the year  
under report. Significant transactions with Supervisory Board members and other related  
parties as defined by IAS 24, including close relatives and intermediary entities, are examined  
on a quarterly basis.  
We reviewed the efficiency of our work in the Supervisory Board, having prepared the related  
discussion at the full Supervisory Board meeting on the basis of a questionnaire. Overall, the work  
of the Supervisory Board was deemed efficient. No significant need for change was identified.  
Average attendance at the five Supervisory Board meetings was 94%. An individualised overview  
of attendance at meetings of the Supervisory Board and its committees for the financial year  
2
018 has been published on the BMW Group’s website. All members of the Supervisory Board  
attended more than half of the meetings of the Supervisory Board and those committees to  
which they belonged during their term of office in the financial year 2018.  
Description of Presiding Board activities and committee work  
The Supervisory Board has established a Presiding Board and four committees. Committee  
chairpersons reported in detail on Presiding Board and committee work at the subsequent  
meetings of the full Supervisory Board. A detailed description of the duties, composition and  
working procedures of the Presiding Board and the committees is provided in the Corporate  
Governance Report.  
The Presiding Board convened four times during the year under report. Assuming no committee  
was responsible, the focus of our activities was on preparing the detailed agenda for the meetings  
of the full Supervisory Board. Together with the Board of Management and senior heads of  
department, we prepared the various items on the agenda for Supervisory Board meetings in a  
thorough manner and made suggestions for reports to be submitted to the full Supervisory Board.  
The Audit Committee held five meetings and three telephone conference calls during the financial  
year 2018. In the course of those conference calls, together with the Board of Management we  
examined and discussed the Quarterly Financial Reports prior to their publication. Representatives  
of the external auditors were present when discussing the Half-Year Financial Report.  
1
2
To Our  
Shareholders  
The meeting of the Audit Committee held in February 2018 focused primarily on preparing for  
the Supervisory Board meeting at which the financial statements were to be examined. Before  
recommending to the full Supervisory Board that KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
(
KPMG) be re-elected as Company and Group auditor at the Annual General Meeting 2018,  
the Audit Committee obtained a Declaration of Independence from KPMG and, in this context,  
also considered the scope of non-audit services provided by KPMG entities to the BMW Group.  
There were no indications of conflicts of interest, grounds for exclusion or lack of independence  
on the part of the auditor.  
The fees proposed by KPMG for the audits of the year-end Company and Group Financial  
Statements 2018 and for the review of the Half-Year Financial Report were deemed appropriate.  
Subsequent to the Annual General Meeting held in May 2018, the Audit Committee therefore  
appointed KPMG for the relevant engagements and specified audit focus areas.  
During the year under report, the Audit Committee again dealt intensively with the topic  
of compliance in the BMW Group. In his regular report, the Chairman of the Compliance  
Committee provided us with a summary of ongoing compliance-related proceedings. He also  
explained the results of a voluntary external audit of the BMW Group’s compliance management  
system in the context of antitrust law with the aim of verifying its appropriateness. On this  
basis, the Compliance Committee submitted a concept to develop the Compliance Management  
System, which was confirmed by the Board of Management. The Audit Committee discussed  
the concept at length and supports the corresponding further development of the Compliance  
Management System.  
The Committee received continuous and detailed information on the status of the internal  
investigations and the EU Commission’s investigation into the antitrust allegations in connection  
with the former working groups of several German automobile manufacturers. A representative  
of the law firm engaged by the company also regularly took part in the discussions.  
The Board of Management reported to the Audit Committee on engine control software for certain  
earlier model versions of two vehicle types, which, in the BMW Group’s opinion, was originally  
developed correctly, but later fitted with a software module not intended for this type of vehicle.  
The BMW Group attributes the software error to a manual, human error in an update and not  
to a deliberate manipulation of the engine control and exhaust gas cleaning systems. The Board  
of Management also explained this process at the Annual General Meeting in 2018. The Public  
Prosecution Office Munich delivered a decision on 25 February 2019 regarding notice of a fine  
of €ꢀ8.5 million due to a minor offence. The investigation of the Public Prosecution Office found  
no evidence of use of a deactivation device in emissions testing, fraud, or deliberate statutory  
violations. The Company has accepted the penalty.  
Furthermore, the Audit Committee dealt with the main results of the audits conducted by  
Group Internal Audit and with further audit planning. The Audit Committee also discussed risk  
management and the assessment of current risks. Other topics included the internal control  
system, export control and the report on major legal disputes.  
The Audit Committee continued to make preparations for the change in external auditor for the  
financial year 2019 in line with plan. It also regularly examined the non-audit services provided  
by the current auditor. An independent auditor engaged to conduct the mandatory audit of  
over-the-counter derivative transactions confirmed the effectiveness of the system that BMWAG  
currently employs to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.  
1
3
The Audit Committee concurred with the decision of the Board of Management to raise the Com-  
pany’s share capital in accordance with Article 4 (5) of the Articles of Incorporation (Authorised  
Capital 2014) by €ꢀ521,500 and, in conjunction with the Employee Share Programme, to issue a  
corresponding number of new non-voting bearer shares of preferred stock.  
The Personnel Committee convened four times during the financial year 2018 and held two  
telephone conferences. In particular, it dealt with the change in the Board of Management for  
the Purchasing and Supplier Network and prepared the relevant decisions of the Supervisory  
Board. The Personnel Committee also discussed issues relating to the compensation of the  
Board of Management and gave members of the Board of Management their approval to accept  
mandates outside the Group in a number of cases.  
The Nomination Committee convened twice during the financial year 2018. At those meetings, we  
deliberated on succession planning for shareholder representatives and made recommendations  
for proposed nominations of candidates for election to the Supervisory Board at the Annual  
General Meetings 2018 and 2019, taking into account the composition targets previously decided  
upon by the Supervisory Board.  
The Mediation Committee, which is prescribed by law, did not need to convene during the  
financial year 2018.  
Composition of the Board of Management  
Pieter Nota was appointed to the Board of Management with effect from  
1 January 2018. He  
succeeded Dr Ian Robertson as member of the Board of Management responsible for Sales and  
Brand BMW, Aftersales BMW Group.  
On 24 July 2018, the Supervisory Board resolved to revoke the appointment of Markus Duesmann  
as a member of the Board of Management and release him from his duties for the remaining  
term of his contract. Mr Duesmann had previously informed the Chairman of the Supervisory  
Board of his intention to move to the management board of a competitor. The Purchasing and  
Supplier Network headed by Mr Duesmann was temporarily taken over by Oliver Zipse, member  
of the Board of Management responsible for Production. With effect from 1 October 2018, the  
Supervisory Board appointed Dr Andreas Wendt to the Board of Management as member with  
responsibility for Purchasing and Supplier Network. Previously, he was head of the largest  
German BMW Group plant in Dingolfing.  
Composition of the Supervisory Board,  
the Presiding Board and the Supervisory Board’s committees  
Dr Robert Lane resigned from the Supervisory Board with effect from the end of the Annual  
General Meeting 2018. He resigned his mandate in mutual agreement with the Company. We  
wish to thank Dr Lane for his valuable contributions and steadfast cooperation during his nine  
years on the Supervisory Board. The Annual General Meeting elected the former Chairman of  
the Board of Management of BASF SE, Dr Kurt Bock, as new member of the Supervisory Board.  
The Supervisory Board members Professor Reinhard Hüttl, Dr Karl-Ludwig Kley and Professor  
Dr Renate Köcher were re-elected as members of the Supervisory Board.  
The composition of the Presiding Board and the committees of the Supervisory Board remained  
unchanged during the financial year. The Corporate Governance Report contains a summary  
of the composition of the Supervisory Board and its committees.  
1
4
To Our  
Shareholders  
Examination of financial statements and the profit distribution proposal  
The Company and Group Financial Statements of the Company for the financial year 2018 were  
audited by KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft. KPMG also conducted a review of the  
abridged Interim Group Financial Statements and Interim Group Management Report for the  
six-month period ended 30 June 2018. The results of the review were presented to the Audit  
Committee by representatives of KPMG AG. No issues were identified that might indicate that  
the abridged Interim Group Financial Statements and Interim Group Management Report had  
not been prepared in all material respects in accordance with the applicable provisions.  
Report of the  
Supervisory Board  
The Group and Company Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2018 and the  
Combined Management Report – as authorised for issue by the Board of Management on  
1
9 February 2019 – were audited by KPMG AG and given an unqualified audit opinion.  
The Auditor’s Report has been signed since the financial year 2016 by Christian Sailer, as  
independent auditor (Wirtschaftsprüfer), and since the financial year 2014 by Andreas Feege,  
as independent auditor (Wirtschaftsprüfer) responsible for the performance of the engagement.  
The financial statements for the financial year 2018, the Combined Management Report, the  
reports of the external auditors and the Board of Management’s profit distribution proposal  
were made available to all members of the Supervisory Board in a timely manner.  
The Audit Committee carefully examined and discussed these documents at its meeting held  
on 27 February 2019. The Audit Committee reviewed in detail the key audit matters raised in  
the auditor’s report of the Company and Group Financial Statements and the related audit  
procedures performed by the independent auditor.  
At its meeting held on 15 March 2019, the full Supervisory Board discussed in depth the draft  
of the Company and Group Financial Statements submitted by the Board of Management. In  
both meetings, the Board of Management gave a detailed explanation of the financial reports it  
had prepared. Representatives of the external auditor were also present at both meetings. They  
reported on the main findings of their audit, explained the key audit matters in the audits of  
the Company and Group Financial Statements and answered additional questions of members  
of the Supervisory Board.  
The representatives of the external auditor confirmed that the risk management system estab-  
lished by the Board of Management is capable of identifying at an early stage any developments  
that might threaten the Company’s going-concern status. They confirmed that no material  
weaknesses in the internal control system and risk management system with regard to the  
financial reporting process were identified. Similarly, they did not identify in the course of their  
audit work any facts that were inconsistent with the contents of the Declaration of Compliance  
pursuant to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) issued by the Board of  
Management and the Supervisory Board.  
Based on a thorough examination conducted by the Audit Committee and the full Supervisory  
Board, we concurred with the results of the external audit. In accordance with the conclusion  
reached after the examination by the Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board, no objections  
were raised. The Group and Company Financial Statements of BMWAG for the financial year  
2
018 prepared by the Board of Management were approved at the Supervisory Board meeting  
held on 15 March 2019. The financial statements have therefore been adopted.  
The Supervisory Board also examined the proposal of the Board of Management to use the  
unappropriated profit to pay a dividend of €ꢀ 50 per share of common stock and €ꢀ 52 per  
3
.
3.  
share of non-voting preferred stock. We consider the proposal appropriate and have therefore  
approved it.  
1
5
Furthermore, in conjunction with the presentation of the Sustainable Value Report, the  
Audit Committee and the Supervisory Board reviewed the separate non-financial report of  
BMWAG (Company and Group) at 31 December 2018, which has been drawn up by the Board  
of Management. The audit firm PricewaterhouseCoopers GmbH has performed a “limited  
assurance” review of these reports and issued an unqualified statement thereon. The documents  
were carefully examined by the Audit Committee at its meeting on 27 February 2019 and by the  
Supervisory Board at its meeting on 15 March 2019. The Board of Management provided an  
in-depth explanation of the reports at both meetings. Representatives of the auditors attended  
both meetings, reported on significant findings and answered additional questions raised by  
members of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board acknowledged and approved the  
separate non-financial report (Company and Group) drawn up by the Management Board.  
Expression of appreciation by the Supervisory Board  
We wish to express our appreciation to the members of the Board of Management and the entire  
workforce of the BMW Group worldwide for their dedication, their ideas and their achievements  
during the financial year 2018, which form the bedrock of the enduring success and sustainability  
of our Company – both now and in the future.  
Munich, 15 March 2019  
On behalf of the Supervisory Board  
Norbert Reithofer  
ChairmanꢀofꢀtheꢀSupervisoryꢀBoard  
1
6
To Our  
Shareholders  
Statement of the  
Chairman  
of the Board of  
Management  
Harald Krüger  
ChairmanꢀofꢀtheꢀBoardꢀofꢀManagement  
1
7
Dear Shareholders,  
On behalf of the Board of Management and our nearly 135,000 associates worldwide, I would  
like to thank you for joining the BMW Group on its journey into the future.  
Tech company in the premium mobility sector  
Individual mobility, in all its facets, remains our core competence. We are reminded, time and  
again, that long-term success demands fresh thinking and bold action.  
Digitalisation is changing every industry and every aspect of our lives. We have set ourselves a  
clear goal: to be a leading tech company for premium mobility by 2025 – and we are developing  
our business model in this direction. Our Strategy NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT has three main  
approaches: profitability, growth and future – all of them geared towards our customers’  
ever-evolving needs and desires.  
iNEXT – a building block for the future  
We are moving autonomous driving forward with a combination of enthusiasm and sound  
judgement. Safety is for us an absolute priority in this area. In 2021, we will release the  
BMW iNEXT, a vehicle that brings together several future technologies: a futuristic interior, full  
connectivity and an electric range of up to 700 km. This marks the beginning of highly automated  
driving. At the same time, we are also testing autonomous driving with a fleet of 500 iNEXT  
vehicles in urban settings.  
Mobility services from a single source  
We are creating new mobility offerings and digital services that will enable customers to bring  
their digital world into the car. Combining our mobility services in a joint venture with the  
Daimler Group will allow us to offer customers a single source for all their mobility needs with  
a single touch.  
Uncertainty is part of our business  
018 was a challenging year for our industry, due to trade conflicts and the uncertainty  
2
surrounding Brexit: vehicle sales declined across the globe for the first time since the global  
economic and financial crisis.  
Volatile markets, tough competition and various operating conditions in different countries  
are all part of our business. The BMW Group has had to overcome difficult hurdles many  
times in its history. In such moments, we have always stayed the course with a steady hand  
at the wheel.  
WLTP systematically implemented  
A current example of this is the switch to the new WLTP test procedure in Germany and Europe.  
We implemented the new requirements in our vehicles systematically and early. That is how we  
operate as a company. We will also continue to meet ambitious targets to reduce CO emissions  
2
in Europe and the rest of the world.  
1
8
To Our  
Shareholders  
Eighth consecutive sales record  
Because customers around the world value our cars and motorcycles so much, the BMW Group  
was able to post record sales for the eighth consecutive year. The BMW Group has been number  
one in the global premium segment for the past 15 years. Our brands BMW, Rolls-Royce and  
BMW Motorrad achieved new all-time highs, while MINI reported its second-highest sales  
result ever.  
Statement of the  
Chairman  
of the Board of  
Management  
For the first time, BMW M GmbH broke through the 100,000 unit sales mark with its M and  
M Performance models.  
Despite tough headwinds, second-best result in our history  
Group earnings before tax and annual net profit were both the second-highest in our history. As  
previously announced, earnings before tax were moderately lower than last year’s record figure.  
With an EBIT margin of 7.2 percent in the Automotive segment, we exceeded our adjusted target.  
This figure only partially includes our China business, as is usual. The Group EBT margin of  
1
0.1 percent was above our 10 percent target for the eighth consecutive year. Once again, our  
financial services business made a significant contribution to the Group result.  
Dear Shareholders, your company is on a very solid footing and possesses considerable financial  
strength. This means we can continue to invest in new technologies, services and our locations  
as our springboard to the future.  
Systematic electrification for emissions-free driving  
The future belongs to electric mobility – there is no doubt in my mind about that. But it’s certainly  
not a sprint, it’s a marathon. By late 2019, we aim to have half a million electrified BMW Group  
vehicles on the roads.  
The trend is clear: in Europe, no other manufacturer sells more electrified vehicles than the  
BMW Group. Between 2015 and 2018, sales of our electric models and plug-in hybrids increased  
more than fourfold.  
We are also number one worldwide in registrations of plug-in hybrid vehicles. This technology  
not only gives our customers access to electric driving, it is also a quick and pragmatic way to  
improve air quality in cities. Studies show that plug-in hybrids with an electric range of at least  
6
0 km are driven in electric mode just as often as pure-electric models.  
And there’s more coming on the electric side: 2019 will bring plug-in hybrid variants of the  
new BMW 3 Series, X5 and 7 Series. The X3 will also be available for the first time with a hybrid  
drive train. These will be joined by the first fully electric MINI and, in 2020, by the first fully  
electric BMW – the iX3.  
By the end of 2020, we will have more than ten new and revised models with an electrified  
drive train. Thanks to flexible vehicle architectures, our plants will be able to build different  
drive types.  
The heart of an electric vehicle is the electric motor and the battery. We produce both the  
electric drive and the high-voltage battery in-house. In the summer, we will open the new  
BMW Group Battery Cell Competence Centre in Munich, where we will develop so-called  
build-to-print prototypes. For production of base cells, we will be working with the world’s  
largest manufacturer of automotive battery cells, CATL, from China, and with Northvolt in  
a European consortium.  
1
9
Dear Shareholders,  
Your Company is innovative, profitable and versatile. This year, the Board of Management  
and Supervisory Board will propose a dividend of 3.50 euros per share of common stock and  
3
.52 euros per share of preferred stock. This is the second-highest dividend the company has  
ever paid in its history. BMWAG associates in Germany will also benefit from the company’s  
positive performance through our profit-sharing programme.  
The current business and political environment remains complex and challenging, overshadowed  
by uncertainty. That is not going to change any time soon. But we do not shy away from such  
challenges. This is what spurs us to give our best and search for new and innovative solutions.  
It also applies in our competition with both new and established companies.  
At the BMW Group, we continue to navigate our own course. Our aim remains to be both a  
driving force and an innovator, able to lead individual mobility into a new era for our customers:  
one that is sustainable, connected and autonomous.  
Above all, we are committed to focusing all our efforts on bringing the EBIT margin in the  
Automotive segment back within our target range of 8 to 10 percent.  
We aim to ensure that your Company remains an attractive investment as we move towards  
the future.  
Harald Krüger  
ChairmanꢀofꢀtheꢀBoardꢀofꢀManagement  
2
0
To Our  
Shareholders  
Numerous political uncertainties unsettled capital mar-  
kets over the course of 2018 and dampened the mood  
on stock markets. In particular, global trade disputes  
and political uncertainties in Europe dominated stock  
market developments and negatively impacted investor  
sentiment. Since the introduction of higher customs  
tariffs on goods traded between China and the USA on  
BMW AG STOCK  
AND CAPITAL  
MARKETS  
BMW AG Stock and  
Capital Markets  
in 2018  
6
July 2018, the American-Chinese trade dispute had a  
IN 2018  
particularly negative effect on global stock exchanges  
and therefore also on auto stocks worldwide.  
Political uncertainties unsettle  
capital markets  
Development of BMW AG stock compared to  
stock market indices since 30 December 2013  
BMW AG stock outperforms sector  
09  
Ratings remain at top level  
in %  
www.bmwgroup.com/ir  
1
6
0
20  
110.5  
100.0  
8
8.1  
8
3.0  
0
BMW  
preferred  
stock  
BMW  
common  
stock  
Prime  
Auto-  
mobile  
DAX  
Negative impact on capital markets in 2018  
At the beginning of the 2018 stock exchange year,  
markets benefited initially from the prospect of robust  
global growth and an easing of political tensions on  
the Korean peninsula. Accordingly, the German stock  
index (DAX) recorded an all-time high of 13,560 points  
in January 2018. Subsequently, however, stock market  
developments were negatively affected by the results  
of parliamentary elections in Italy and the intensifi-  
cation of the trade dispute between China and the  
USA. Initial fears were confirmed at the beginning of  
the third quarter when higher tariffs were introduced  
in July on goods traded between China and the USA.  
Uncertain prospects of a rapprochement in the trade  
dispute caused prices to fluctuate more widely as  
the year progressed, resulting in a generally volatile  
market environment. Alongside the US-China trade  
conflict, American import duties on steel and alumini-  
um coming from the European Union (EU) also caused  
uncertainty as from the end of the second quarter.  
Moreover, there were discussions regarding a potential  
increase in US import duties on European automobile  
imports which had a dampening effect on stock mar-  
kets. A meeting between US President Trump and  
2
1
BMW AG development of stock  
10  
Index: December 2013 = 100  
200  
150  
100  
50  
200  
150  
100  
50  
DAX  
BMWꢀpreferredꢀstock  
PrimeꢀAutomobile  
BMWꢀcommonꢀstock  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2019  
Source:ꢀReuters.  
European Commission President Juncker at the end  
of July, which raised hopes of a possible rapproche-  
ment in the trade dispute, seemed to ease the situ-  
ation and helped drive up share prices temporarily.  
However, renewed rumours of tariff hikes between  
the EU and the US in November again caused market  
unease. In addition to trade policy issues, the budget  
debate in Italy as well as discussions regarding the  
potential repercussions of Brexit darkened the mood  
on capital markets during the fourth quarter. Towards  
the end of the year, market sentiment was influenced  
by the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) monetary policies.  
A further rise in the key interest rate prior to the  
year-end caused share prices to fall once again.  
standard (Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test  
Procedure, WLTP) led to delivery bottlenecks for some  
automobile manufacturers. These developments were  
also reflected in the prices of auto stocks. As a result,  
the sector index fell by 27.2% over the course of the  
year, closing at 1,228 points.  
BMW stock initially bucked the downward trend in  
the first quarter of 2018. Since the second quarter,  
however, BMW stock partially succumbed to the  
general sector trend and also registered price losses.  
Despite the challenging conditions currently facing  
the automobile industry, which also resulted in the  
BMW Group adjusting its outlook for the year in  
September, BMW stock nevertheless outperformed  
the market as a whole in the third quarter. Uncer-  
tainties in the fourth quarter, exacerbated by fears  
of a disorderly Brexit and an escalation in the trade  
disputes between the USA and China and the USA  
and Europe, exerted downward pressure on share  
prices. Accordingly, BMW stock closed the year  
The DAX closed the stock exchange year at  
1
2
0,559 points, down 18.3 % compared to the end of  
017 (12,918 points). Compared to its high for the  
year (13,560 points), the DAX lost 22.1 % in value by  
the end of the year.  
The EURO STOXX 50 fared slightly better than the  
DAX, finishing the year 14.3% lower at 3,001 points.  
with a performance similar to that of the DAX  
common stock finished the year at €ꢀ70.70, down by  
% since the beginning of the year. BMW preferred  
stock performed similarly to BMW common stock,  
finishing the year at €ꢀ62 10 16 % lower than the  
. BMW  
18.6  
From May onwards, the Prime Automobile Index was  
significantly weaker on account of the factors referred  
to above. Higher upfront expenditure by automotive  
companies for future technologies and possible trade  
conflicts between the USA and China on the one hand  
and the USA and Europe on the other dampened  
market sentiment. The transition to a new emissions  
.
,
.8  
closing price recorded one year earlier.  
Although affected by the generally unfavourable mar-  
ket environment, BMW stock held its value relatively  
well, particularly in comparison with the sector index.  
2
2
To Our  
Shareholders  
At the end of 2018, with a market capitalisation of  
some €ꢀ46 billion, the BMW Group remained among  
the ten most valuable German enterprises listed on  
the stock market.  
Employee Share Programme  
For more than 40 years, BMWAG has enabled its  
BMW AG Stock and  
Capital Markets  
in 2018  
employees to participate in its success. Since 1989  
this participation has taken the form of an Employee  
Share Programme. In 2018, a total of 521,524 shares  
of preferred stock were issued to employees under  
the terms of this programme.  
,
Ratings remain at top level  
The BMW Group continues to be the best-rated car-  
maker in Europe.  
In this context, and with the approval of the Super-  
visory Board, in 2018 the Board of Management  
increased BMW AG’s share capital by €ꢀ521,500 from  
Standard &  
Company rating  
Moody’s  
Poor’s  
€ꢀ657,600,600 to €ꢀ 658,122,100 by issuing 521,500 new  
non-voting shares of preferred stock. This increase  
was implemented on the basis of Authorised Capital  
Non-currentꢀfinancialꢀliabilities  
Currentꢀfinancialꢀliabilities  
Outlook  
A1  
P ꢀ- 1  
A+  
A ꢀ- 1  
2
014 contained in Article 4 (5) of the Articles of Incor-  
poration. The new shares of preferred stock carry the  
same rights as existing shares of preferred stock. The  
newly issued shares of preferred stock for employees  
are entitled to receive dividends with effect from the  
financial year 2019. In addition, 24 shares of preferred  
stock were repurchased via the stock market or were  
acquired as a result of cancelled employee purchases  
relating to the previous year.  
stable  
stable  
Since December 2013, BMWAG has had a long-term  
rating of A+ (stable outlook) and a short-term rating  
of A-1 from the rating agency Standard & Poor’s.  
This represents the highest rating currently given by  
Standard & Poor’s to a European car manufacturer.  
In January 2017, Moody’s raised its long-term rating  
for BMWAG from A2 (positive outlook) to A1 (stable  
outlook). The P-1 short-term rating was confirmed.  
Dividend below previous year  
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board  
are proposing to the Annual General Meeting to use  
The assessment of both rating agencies reflects  
the attractive product launches that are part of the  
current model offensive, the excellent positioning  
of the BMW Group with respect to the challenges  
faced by the automobile industry and a strong  
operating performance. BMW AG’s solid capital  
BMWAG’s unappropriated profit of €ꢀ  
(2017: €ꢀ2,630 million) for the payment of a dividend  
of €ꢀ3 50 per share of common stock (2017: €ꢀ 00) and  
a dividend of €ꢀ3 52 per share of preferred stock (2017  
€ꢀ4.02). The payout ratio for 2018 therefore stands at  
2,303 million  
.
4.  
.
:
structure and prudent financial approach also under- *ꢀPriorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀ 32.0% (2017: 30.3%*).  
adjusted due to  
first-timeꢀapplica-  
pins the dependable financial profile and excellent  
creditworthiness of the BMW Group as a whole.  
Consequently, the Company not only has good access  
to international capital markets, but also benefits  
from attractive refinancing conditions.  
tionꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀ  
see note 6 to the  
Group Financial  
Statements.  
2
3
BMW AG stock  
11  
2
018  
2017  
2016  
2015  
2014  
common stock  
Numberꢀofꢀsharesꢀinꢀ1,000  
Stockꢀexchangeꢀpriceꢀinꢀ€ꢀ1  
Year-endꢀclosingꢀprice  
High  
601,995  
601,995  
601,995  
601,995  
601,995  
70.70  
96.26  
69.86  
86.83  
90.83  
77.71  
88.75  
92.25  
65.10  
97.63  
122.60  
75.68  
89.77  
95.51  
77.41  
Low  
preFerred stock  
Numberꢀofꢀsharesꢀinꢀ1,000  
Stockꢀexchangeꢀpriceꢀinꢀ€ꢀ1  
Year-endꢀclosingꢀprice  
High  
56,127  
55,605  
55,114  
54,809  
54,500  
62.10  
82.50  
60.70  
74.64  
78.89  
67.29  
72.70  
74.15  
56.53  
77.41  
92.19  
58.96  
67.84  
74.60  
59.08  
Low  
key dAtA per shAre in €  
Dividend  
Common stock  
3.502  
3.522  
10.82  
10.84  
4.12  
4.00  
4.02  
3.50  
3.52  
3.20  
3.22  
9.70  
9.72  
8.23  
65.11  
2.90  
2.92  
8.83  
8.85  
5.30  
57.03  
Preferredꢀstock  
Earnings per share of common stock3  
13.075  
13.095  
6.78  
10.45  
10.47  
8.81  
Earnings per share of preferred stock4  
FreeꢀcashꢀflowꢀAutomotiveꢀsegment  
Equity  
88.26  
82.305  
72.08  
1
Xetraꢀclosingꢀprices.  
Proposedꢀbyꢀmanagement.  
2
3
4
5
Weightedꢀaverageꢀnumberꢀofꢀsharesꢀforꢀtheꢀyear.  
Stockꢀweightedꢀaccordingꢀtoꢀdividendꢀentitlements.  
Priorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
2
4
To Our  
Shareholders  
Intensive communication with capital markets  
continued  
BMW AG Stock and  
Capital Markets  
in 2018  
The BMW Group continued to inform investors, ana-  
lysts and rating agencies throughout 2018 with regular  
quarterly and year-end financial reports. The com-  
prehensive information package provided for capital  
market participants included numerous one-on-one  
and group meetings, dedicated socially responsible  
investment (SRI) roadshows for investors using sus-  
tainability criteria in their investment decisions, and  
roadshows as well as conferences for debt investors  
and credit analysts. Topics discussed included busi-  
ness model developments, digitalisation and other  
technological trends in the automobile industry as  
well as the relevance of alternative drivetrain systems.  
Apart from participating in various conferences and  
roadshows, product presentations and a technology  
workshop were held for analysts and investors in  
Munich during the course of the year. Further infor-  
mation on the BMW Group’s capital market commu-  
nications is available at  
www.bmwgroup.com/ir.  
COMBINED MANAGEMENT  
REPORT  
Page 26 General Information and Group Profile  
Page 26 Organisation and Business Model  
Page 36 Management System  
2
Page 40 Report on Economic Position  
Page 40 General and Sector-specific Environment  
Page 44 Overall Assessment by Management  
Page 45 Comparison of Forecasts for 2018 with Actual Results in 2018  
Page 48 Review of Operations  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Economic Position  
Outlook, Risks and  
Opportunities  
Page 48 Automotive Segment  
Page 53 Motorcycles Segment  
Page 54 Financial Services Segment  
Page 57 Research and Development  
Page 58 Purchasing and Supplier Network  
Page 59 Sales and Marketing  
Page 61 Workforce  
Page 63 Sustainability  
Page 65 Results of Operations, Financial Position and Net Assets  
Page 80 Comments on Financial Statements of BMW AG  
Page 84 Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities  
Page 84 Outlook  
Page 90 Risks and Opportunities  
Page 103 Internal Control System Relevant for Accounting  
and Financial Reporting Processes  
Page 104 Disclosures Relevant for Takeovers and Explanatory Comments  
2
2
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
ORGANISATION AND  
GENERAL  
BUSINESS MODEL  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
www.bmwgroup.com/company  
INFORMATION  
AND GROUP  
PROFILE  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
This Combined Management Report incorporates the  
management reports of Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG) and the BMW Group.  
Over 140,000 electrified vehicles  
delivered  
General information on the BMW Group is provided  
below. There have been no significant changes com-  
pared to the previous year.  
Increasing R&D expenditure  
secures future business  
Customer in focus with innovative  
offerings  
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft  
(
BMW AG), based in Munich, Germany, is the parent  
company of the BMW Group. The general purpose of  
the Company is the production and sale of engines,  
engine-equipped vehicles, related accessories and  
products of the machinery and metal-working  
industry as well as the rendering of services related  
to the aforementioned items. The BMW Group is  
sub-divided into the Automotive, Motorcycles and  
Financial Services operating segments. The seg-  
ment Other Entities primarily comprises holding  
companies and Group financing companies. The  
BMW Group operates on a global scale and is rep-  
resented in more than 140 countries worldwide. At  
the end of the reporting period, the BMW Group  
employed a workforce of 134,682 people.  
High investments in the flexibility of  
the production network  
Founded in 1916 as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG  
(
BFW), Bayerische Motoren Werke G.ꢀm.ꢀb.ꢀH. came  
into being in 1917 before finally becoming Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG) in 1918  
The BMW Group comprises BMWAG itself and all  
subsidiaries over which BMWAG has either direct  
or indirect control. BMWAG is also responsible for  
managing the BMW Group as a whole.  
.
The BMW Group is one of the most successful mak-  
ers of automobiles and motorcycles worldwide and  
among the largest industrial companies in Germany.  
It is the only manufacturer that focuses exclusively on  
the premium segment with all its brands. With BMW  
,
MINI and Rolls-Royce, the BMW Group owns three of  
the best-known premium brands in the automotive  
industry. In addition to its strong market position  
in the premium segment of the global motorcycles  
sector, the BMW Group is also successful in the  
financial services business. Moreover, in recent years  
the BMW Group has evolved into one of the leading  
providers of premium services for individual mobility.  
2
7
In 2016, the BMW Group presented its Strategy  
NUMBER ONE > NEXT. At the heart of Strat-  
Motorcycles segment  
The Motorcycles business is also clearly focused on  
the premium segment. The model range currently  
comprises motorcycles for the Sport, Tour, Roadster,  
Heritage, Adventure and Urban Mobility (with  
scooter models) segments. BMW Motorrad also offers  
a broad range of equipment options to enhance rider  
safety and comfort. The motorcycles business sales  
network is organised similarly to that of the auto-  
mobiles business. Currently, BMW motorcycles are  
sold by more than 1,200 dealerships and importers  
in over 90 countries.  
egy NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT is a commitment to  
future-oriented activity with the development of  
products, brands and services in the premium seg-  
ment for individual mobility. New technologies such  
as alternative drivetrains, digitalisation and connec-  
tivity are further key areas of focus. Furthermore,  
the strategy emphasises the increasing importance  
of a customer-oriented approach.  
Presentation of segments  
In order to provide a better insight into the Group,  
this report also includes a presentation of the  
operating segments Automotive, Motorcycles and  
Financial Services.  
Financial Services segment  
The BMW Group is also a leading provider of financial  
services in the automobile sector, operating more  
than 50 entities and cooperation arrangements with  
local financial services providers and importers  
worldwide. The segment’s main business is credit  
financing and the leasing of BMW Group brand cars  
and motorcycles to retail customers. Customers can  
also choose from an attractive array of insurance  
and banking products. Operating under the brand  
name Alphabet, the BMW Group’s international  
multi-brand fleet business provides financing and  
comprehensive management services for corporate  
car fleets in 19 countries. In addition, international  
customers are serviced by Alphabet cooperation  
partners in numerous other countries. Through  
its multi-brand business Alphera, the BMW Group  
provides credit financing, leasing and other services  
to retail customers.  
Automotive segment  
The core BMW brand caters to a very broad array of  
customer requirements, ranging from fuel-efficient  
and innovative models fitted with Efficient Dynamics  
to outstanding high-performance BMW M vehicles. A  
wide range of plug-in hybrid vehicles is also available  
and being continuously expanded. At the same time,  
the BMW Group continues to redefine the meaning  
of premium with its BMW i models. With an even  
greater focus on innovation and sustainability, BMW  
i
embodies the vehicle of the future, with electric  
drivetrains, connectivity, intelligent lightweight con-  
struction, exceptional design and newly developed  
mobility services.  
The MINI brand is an icon that promises superior  
driving fun in the premium small car segment.  
Rolls-Royce is the ultimate marque in the ultra-luxury  
segment with a tradition stretching back over more  
than 100 years. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars specialises in  
bespoke customer experiences and offers the highest  
level of both quality and service.  
The segment also supports the BMW Group’s dealer-  
ship organisation, for example by financing dealer-  
ship vehicle inventories.  
The global sales network of the automobile business  
currently comprises around 3,500 BMW, 1,600 MINI  
and 140 Rolls-Royce dealerships. Within Germany,  
sales are conducted through branches of the  
BMW Group and independent authorised dealer-  
ships. Sales outside Germany are handled primarily  
by subsidiary companies and by independent import  
companies in some markets.  
2
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
ResearchꢀandꢀDevelopment  
3. Connected  
Digital change is of great significance for the au-  
tomobile industry. One of the most important  
effects of digitalisation is that the vehicle itself  
becomes the focal point of the customer’s digital  
experience. The BMW Group recognised cus-  
tomer trends at an early stage and, with BMW  
Connected and a growing range of digital of-  
ferings, it is well prepared to meet demand aris-  
ing in this field. This is not merely developing  
and integrating new technologies and services  
for the vehicle. The focus is very much on cus-  
tomers and their aspirations for modern-day mo-  
bility. Digital services that the customer is used  
to should be available seamlessly and without  
restriction – both inside and outside the vehicle.  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
A major factor in the success of the BMW Group is  
its consistent focus on the future. A long tradition  
of innovation is an integral part of its corporate phi-  
losophy. Shaping individual mobility and finding  
innovative solutions today for the needs of tomorrow  
is a key driving force. Research and development  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
Research and  
Development  
(
R&D) are therefore of key importance for the  
BMW Group as a premium supplier and ensure its  
long-term economic success.  
As part of its Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT, the  
BMW Group is focusing on the topics of electric  
mobility, digitalisation and autonomous driving.  
When developing new technologies, the emphasis  
is always on creating added benefit for customers.  
Anticipating the needs and wishes of customers in all  
fields of technology and implementing developments  
in a way that adds value for the customer are also  
key prerequisites for the Group’s success going for-  
ward. The BMW Group summarises the major trends  
of individual mobility in the term D+ACES (Design,  
Autonomous, Connected, Electrified, Services).  
The option of using BMW Group services almost  
anywhere and at any time is the basic prerequi-  
site for offering a range of digital services geared  
solely to customers and their personal needs.  
These include, for example, the availability of  
personalised and context-based information  
within the vehicle.  
For customers, the experience begins before pur-  
chasing the vehicle, for example through virtual  
reality options that offer new ways to configure  
the vehicle and explore products interactively.  
The customer can also be kept in the loop while  
waiting for the new vehicle to be manufactured,  
thus ensuring greater involvement in the produc-  
tion process from an early stage. The BMW Con-  
nectedDrive Store enables customers to reserve  
new services at any time for a specified period.  
The BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant has been  
available in BMW vehicles since March 2019.  
Accordingly, the BMW Group’s R&D activities include  
the following five key topics:  
1
. Design  
The BMW Group sees design as the characteristic  
combination of aesthetics and technology. Out-  
standing design involves focusing keenly on the  
requirements of customers and anticipating  
their wishes, enabling the BMW Group to con-  
tinue finding ideal solutions for the (mobility)  
needs of its customers. As a premium provider,  
the BMW Group not only aspires to meeting its  
customers’ requirements, but also to exceeding  
their expectations in every respect. A ground-  
breaking design underlines the distinctive charac-  
ter of each new vehicle and thus strengthens all  
of the Group’s brands.  
Autonomous driving, electrification and ever-  
greater connectivity will open up opportunities  
for completely new experiences and ways to  
shape travel in the future. At the same time,  
however, those opportunities will also change  
people’s wishes and lifestyles. Precisely this  
development is supported by the BMW Group’s  
intelligent platform, which will enable drivers  
to switch seamlessly and without restrictions from  
one vehicle to the next with just one customer  
profile, across each vehicle’s life cycle. Moreover,  
in future all products and services relating to  
individual mobility will be bundled here and grad-  
ually developed to form a comprehensive digital  
ecosystem.  
2
. Autonomous  
Since 2018, the BMW Group has pooled its con-  
siderable development expertise in the fields of  
state-of-the-art driver assistance systems and  
highly or fully autonomous driving at its own de-  
velopment centre. During the final phase of de-  
velopment, some 1,800 people will be working  
there. The clear aim is to create an open plat-  
form for highly and fully automated driving that  
will serve as an industry standard going forward.  
Today already, the BMW Group offers driver assis-  
tant systems for partially automated driving.  
With the BMW iNEXT, the Group will offer highly  
automated driving for the first time from 2021.  
2
9
Alongside automated driving, systematically  
enhancing the scope of connectivity on the road  
to a digital, emission-free future is one of the  
key areas in which the BMW Group is helping  
transform the mobility sector with its Strategy  
NUMBER ONE > NEXT.  
at the IAA Cars in the same year. The series  
launch of all-electric MINI vehicles is scheduled  
to begin in 2019.  
The Vision 100 study presented for the Rolls-Royce  
brand in 2016 gave customers a first glimpse into  
the future of automobile luxury powered by elec-  
tric drivetrains.  
4
. Electrified  
Another topic of strategic importance for the  
BMW Group is the continuous optimisation of  
the energy efficiency of its automobiles and  
motorcycles, including the electrified vehicles  
manufactured for the BMW, MINI, Rolls Royce  
and BMW Motorrad brands. Under the term  
Efficient Dynamics, the BMW Group has been  
successfully working for years on reducing fuel  
consumption and vehicle emissions through the  
development of highly efficient combustion  
engines, the electrification of drivetrains, intelli-  
gent lightweight construction, improved aero-  
dynamics and coordinated energy management  
in vehicles.  
5. Services  
The BMW Group aims to be the leading provider  
of premium mobility services going forward.  
To achieve this goal, it is essential to have a clear  
understanding of the needs of customers world-  
wide. This knowledge is the basis for providing  
an attractive, comprehensive range of services.  
These include easy-to-use, digitally supported  
mobility services that also feature bring-and-  
collect services or help customers find free park-  
ing spaces in urban environments.  
At 31 December 2018, over15,000 peopleat16 locations  
in five countries were working in the BMW Group’s  
global research and innovations network.  
The BMWꢁi brand reflects Efficient Dynamics in  
its most systematic form. Vehicle architectures  
customised for electric mobility, innovative elec-  
tric and plug-in hybrid drivetrains, and the use  
of new types of materials are the results of an inte-  
grated approach that is also reflected in a re-  
source-efficient selection of materials and the  
intensive use of renewable energy in the pro-  
duction process. This strategy contributes to a  
very favourable environmental footprint made  
by BMWꢁi vehicles over their entire product life  
cycle.  
Year-on-year, research and development expenditure  
rose significantly to €ꢀ6,890 million (2017: €ꢀ6,108 mil-  
lion; +ꢀ12 %). The R&D expenditure ratio stood at  
.
8
7
.
1
% (2017: 6.2%). The ratio of capitalised development  
costs to total research and development expenditure  
(capitalisation ratio) stood at 43.3% for the period  
under report (2017: 39.7%). Amortisation of capitali-  
sed development costs totalled €ꢀ1,414 million (2017:  
ꢀ1,236 million; 14.4%). Further information on R&D  
expenditure is provided in the “Report on Economic  
see Position (Results of Operations)” and in note  
9 to  
note 9  
As an important pillar of the BMW brand, vehi-  
cles equipped with plug-in hybrid drivetrains  
represent a good alternative product offering for  
customers. All plug-in models are equipped with  
a smart energy management system that ensures  
ideal interaction between the combustion engine  
and the electric motor. The option to drive fully  
electrically, added efficiency gained through elec-  
tric assistance features, and the spontaneous re-  
sponse characteristics provided by the additional  
electric drivetrain lead to a new harmony of dri-  
ving pleasure and sustainability. The flexibility of  
the technologies used makes it possible to extend  
the broad range of models fitted with plug-in  
hybrid drivetrains as required.  
the Group Financial Statements.  
In 2018, numerous awards and prizes once again  
underscored the BMW Group’s high level of innovative  
expertise, particularly in design, the use of innovative  
technologies as well as the intelligent connectivity of  
drivers, vehicles and environment.  
With its MINI Electric, MINI is reinterpreting the  
urban tradition of the brand for the electric age  
and reinventing individual mobility for the city.  
The market launch of the MINI* brand’s first  
plug-in hybrid in 2017 was followed by the pre-  
sentation of the all-electric MINI Electric Concept  
* Fuel  
consumption  
and CO emis-  
sions informa-  
tion are available  
on page 108.  
2
3
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
CooperationꢀAgreementsꢀandꢀ  
Partnerships  
Sustainability  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
The BMW Group is a pioneer of sustainability not only  
within the automotive industry, but across other sec-  
tors, too. Long-term thinking and responsible action  
have long been the foundations of the BMW Group’s  
distinct identity and its economic success. As early as  
1973, the BMW Group was among the first to appoint  
an environmental officer in the automobile sector.  
Today, the Sustainability Board, comprising all mem-  
bers of the Board of Management, sets the strategic  
direction along with binding targets. Since 2001,  
the BMW Group has been committed to the United  
Nations Environment Programme, the UN Global  
Compact and the Cleaner Production Declaration.  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
In order to secure the success of the business in the long  
term, the BMW Group enters into specific cooperation  
agreements and partnerships with companies both  
from the automotive sector but also with technology  
leaders in other industries. Against a backdrop of  
rapid technological change, the aim of collaborating  
with external partners is to combine expertise in order  
to bring innovations to customers within the shortest  
time possible.  
Cooperation  
Agreements and  
Partnerships  
Sustainability  
The BMW Group and Daimler AG are merging their  
mobility services in a new joint venture in order  
to achieve dynamic growth in a highly competitive  
environment. In this way, both companies are pro-  
moting the vision of pure electric and autonomous on-  
demand mobility simultaneously. The aim is to further  
expand existing offerings in the areas of car-sharing,  
ride-hailing, parking, charging und multimodality  
and to interlock even more closely with one another  
in the long term. The new mobility offering is to be  
accessible, intuitive and aligned towards the needs  
of the user. The newly founded company seeks to  
increase the quality of urban life and to prepare the  
way for a world with autonomous vehicles.  
The principles and importance of managing the busi-  
ness on a sustainable basis are emphasised in the  
new Strategy NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT, which includes  
a clear commitment to preserving resources. The  
BMW Group remains fully committed to ecological  
and social sustainability along the entire value chain  
as well as to comprehensive product responsibility.  
The BMW Group takes a holistic approach to sustaina-  
bility management that encompasses the entire value  
chain. Apart from the reduction of CO2 emissions,  
key components of the Group’s sustainability strategy  
include operational environmental protection, sus-  
tainability in the supply chain, employee orientation  
and social commitment.  
To coincide with the 15th anniversary of BBA, the  
joint venture announced extensive investments in  
new and existing plant structures in order to cover  
future market requirements. The BMW Group intends  
to increase its stake in BBA from 50 to 75%. During  
an anniversary celebration, the BMW Group signed  
an agreement to that effect with its partner Brilliance  
Since 1995, the BMW Group has cut the CO emis-  
2
1
1
EU-28 sions of its new vehicles sold in Europe by more  
1
than 42 %. Average CO emissions in Europeꢀ in  
2
2018 amounted to 128  
g CO2 /ꢀkm (adjusted value for  
2
2
China Automotive Holdings Ltd. (CBA). The contrac- ꢀValueꢀaccordingꢀ 2017: 128 g CO /ꢀkm)ꢀ . In 2018, more than 140,000  
2
to planned  
conversion to  
tual term of the joint venture, which is due to end in  
028, is to be extended up to 2040. After approval  
electrified vehicles were sold within one year for  
WLTP the first time.  
2
by the Annual General Meeting of CBA on 18 Janu-  
ary 2019, the agreement is also subject to regulatory  
approvals.  
Additionally, the BMW Group signed an agreement  
with the Chinese manufacturer Great Wall Motor  
Company Limited for the production of electric MINI  
vehicles in China in a 50-50 joint venture. In addition  
to electric MINI Vehicles, the joint venture, Spotlight  
Automotive Limited, will also produce electric vehicles  
for Great Wall Motor. The formal establishment of  
the new company remains subject to approval from  
the relevant Chinese authorities. Together with the  
planned increase of share in BBA, the BMW Group  
is significantly expanding its presence in China and  
underscoring its local engagement.  
3
1
With effect from September 2018, all vehicles in the  
EU are required to be approved in accordance with  
the new WLTP testing cycle. However, the calculation  
of CO2 fleet emissions by the EU Commission will  
not be converted to WLTP until 2021. Therefore, for  
reporting purposes up to and including 2020, WLTP  
fleet emissions must be translated back to the previ-  
ously applicable values calculated in accordance with  
the outgoing New European Driving Cycle (NEDC).  
Due to the changed test conditions used for WLTP  
purposes, values for emissions are higher when trans-  
lated back to a NEDC basis (NEDC-correlated). In  
order to ensure comparability, CO2 fleet emissions for  
Social engagement is also an integral part of the  
BMW Group’s understanding of its corporate respon-  
sibility. For several years now, the BMW Group has  
firmly supported intercultural exchange. In part-  
nership with the UN Alliance of Civilizations, the  
BMW Group presents the Intercultural Innovation  
Award for exemplary projects in this field. Since 2011  
,
the Company has presented the “BMW Group Award  
for Social Commitment” every year to employees who  
have made an exceptional contribution through their  
outstanding volunteer work.  
The Group addresses current social challenges, pri-  
marily where its strengths make it the most effective.  
The main focus here is on problem-solving approaches  
that are internationally applicable and have a tangi-  
ble long-term impact according to the principle of  
“helping people to help themselves”. For this purpose,  
the BMW Group works together with the BMW Foun-  
dation Herbert Quandt.  
2
017 (122 g CO2 /ꢀkm according to NEDC) were con-  
verted to a correlated NEDC value of 128 g CO /ꢀkm  
2
under WLTP test conditions and published in the  
Quarterly Report to 30 June 2018. The conversion  
to WLTP at the BMW Group went according to plan.  
The BMW Group has set itself the goal of being a  
leader in the use of renewable energy in production  
and the value chain. In 2018, 79% (2017: 81%) of  
the BMW Group’s bought-in electricity worldwide  
came from renewable sources. In view of increasingly  
complex supplier relationships, it is important for  
the BMW Group to work together with suppliers to  
increase transparency and resource efficiency along  
the supply chain. The BMW Group requires suppliers  
to comply with environmental and social standards  
across the value chain.  
BmW Foundation Herbert Quandt  
In 1959, Herbert Quandt secured the independence of  
BMWAG, thus laying the foundation for the successful  
development of the BMW Group. In recognition of  
his entrepreneurial achievements, in 1970 BMWAG  
established the “BMW Stiftung Herbert Quandt”,  
which has meanwhile been renamed the “BMW Foun-  
dation Herbert Quandt” with expanded endowment  
capital. With its Responsible Leadership programmes,  
a global network and impact-oriented investments,  
the BMW Foundation Herbert Quandt supports the  
sustainable development goals of the United Nations’  
Agenda 2030.  
The BMW Group attaches great importance to training  
and developing its workforce. In 2018, investment in  
training and development programmes across the  
Group amounted to €ꢀ373 million (2017: €ꢀ349 million).  
In addition, 1,656 trainees were hired worldwide.  
A total of 4,964 young people are currently under-  
going vocational training or participating in internal  
programmes to develop young talent.  
Further information on the topics of sustainability  
and human resources within the BMW Group is  
available in the sections Sustainability and Workforce,  
respectively, of the Group Management Report and  
in the Sustainable Value Report 2018 published on  
the Company’s website at  
www.bmwgroup.com/svr.  
3
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
ProductionꢀNetwork  
BMW Brilliance Automotive joint venture in China.  
Eight production sites are operated by partners or  
contract manufacturers. The same standards of  
quality, safety and sustainability apply at all loca-  
tions within the BMW Group’s production network  
worldwide.  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
The production network comprises a total of 31 loca-  
tions in 15 countries, whereby 20 of the 31 locations  
are BMW Group plants. Three locations belong to the  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
Production Network  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
BmW Group plAnts  
Araquari  
Berlin  
Brazil  
Germany  
India  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX4  
BMWꢀmotorcycles,ꢀMaxi-Scooters,ꢀcarꢀbrakeꢀdiscs  
Chennai  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ6ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ7ꢀSeries,ꢀ  
BMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX4,ꢀBMWꢀX5,ꢀMINIꢀCountryman  
Dingolfing  
Germany  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ4ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ6ꢀSeries,ꢀ  
BMWꢀ7ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ8ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀMꢀ  
Chassis and drivetrain components  
Components for electric mobility  
Rolls-Royce bodywork, pressed parts  
Eisenach  
Germany  
Toolmaking,ꢀouterꢀbodyꢀpartsꢀforꢀRolls-Royce,ꢀaluminiumꢀtanksꢀforꢀBMWꢀMotorrad  
HamsꢀHall  
United Kingdom  
PetrolꢀenginesꢀforꢀBMW,ꢀMINIꢀ  
BMWꢀi8ꢀplug-inꢀhybridꢀenginesꢀ  
Core engine parts  
Landshut  
Leipzig  
Germany  
Germany  
Brazil  
Lightweightꢀconstructionꢀcomponents,ꢀelectricꢀdrivetrainꢀsystemsꢀandꢀspecialꢀengines  
BMWꢀ1ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ2ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀi,ꢀBMWꢀM  
Motorcycles  
Manaus  
Munich  
Germany  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ4ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀMꢀ  
Petrolꢀandꢀdieselꢀengines,ꢀhigh-performanceꢀenginesꢀforꢀMꢀmodelsꢀ  
Core engine parts  
Oxford  
United Kingdom  
Thailand  
MINIꢀHatch,ꢀMINIꢀClubmanꢀ  
Rayong  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ7ꢀSeries,ꢀ  
BMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX4,ꢀBMWꢀX5ꢀ  
Motorcycles  
Regensburg  
Germany  
BMWꢀ1ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ2ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ4ꢀSeries,ꢀ  
BMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX2,ꢀBMWꢀM  
Rosslyn  
SouthꢀAfrica  
Mexico  
USA  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀX3  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries  
SanꢀLuisꢀPotosíꢀ1  
Spartanburg  
Steyr  
BMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX4,ꢀBMWꢀX5,ꢀBMWꢀX6,ꢀBMWꢀX7,ꢀBMWꢀM  
Austria  
PetrolꢀandꢀdieselꢀenginesꢀforꢀBMWꢀandꢀMINIꢀ  
Core engine parts  
High-performanceꢀenginesꢀforꢀMꢀmodels  
Swindon  
United Kingdom  
Germany  
Pressedꢀpartsꢀandꢀbodyworkꢀcomponents  
Wackersdorf  
Distributionꢀcentreꢀforꢀpartsꢀandꢀcomponentsꢀ  
Cockpit assembly  
Processingꢀofꢀcarbonꢀfibreꢀcomponentsꢀ  
2 2  
Rolls-RoyceꢀPhantomꢀ ,ꢀGhost,ꢀWraith,ꢀDawn,ꢀCullinan  
Rolls-RoyceꢀManufacturingꢀPlantꢀGoodwood  
United Kingdom  
1
2
018 only pre-series production, plant opens in 2019.  
2
Fuel consumption and CO emissions information are available on page 108.  
2
3
3
The plants in Shenyang (China) are operated by the  
joint venture BMW Brilliance Automotive (BBA).  
The Shenyang site comprises the Dadong and Tiexi  
automobile plants. Tiexi also has an engine plant with  
a foundry and a battery factory.  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
Joint venture BmW BrilliAnce  
Automotive holdinGs ltd.  
Dadongꢀ(Shenyang)  
Tiexiꢀ(Shenyang)  
Tiexiꢀ(Shenyang)  
China  
China  
China  
BMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀX3  
BMWꢀ1ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ2ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀX1  
Petrolꢀengines,ꢀproductionꢀofꢀcoreꢀengineꢀparts  
The main function of the BMW Group’s four partner  
plants is to serve regional markets. During the year  
under report, BMW and MINI vehicles were also  
manufactured in Jakarta (Indonesia), Cairo (Egypt),  
Kaliningrad (Russia) and Kulim (Malaysia).  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
PARTNER PLANTSꢁ  
Jakarta  
Indonesia  
Egypt  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ7ꢀSeries,ꢀ  
BMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX5,ꢀMINIꢀCountryman  
Cairo  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ7ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX5,ꢀBMWꢀX6  
Kaliningrad  
Kulim  
Russia BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ7ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX4,ꢀBMWꢀX5,ꢀBMWꢀX6  
Malaysia  
BMWꢀ1ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ3ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ6ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀ7ꢀSeries,ꢀ  
BMWꢀX1,ꢀBMWꢀX3,ꢀBMWꢀX4,ꢀBMWꢀX5,ꢀMINIꢀCountrymanꢀ  
The BMW Group also awards production contracts to  
external partners for specific types of vehicle as well as  
motorcycles. During the period under report, Magna  
Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik produced the BMW 5 Series  
Sedan and BMW Z4 in Graz (Austria). Moreover,  
various MINI models and the BMW X1 were assembled  
at VDL Nedcar in Born (Netherlands). BMW motor-  
cycles and scooters were also manufactured by the part-  
ner companies TVS Motor Company in Hosur (India)  
and Loncin Motor Co., Ltd in Chongqing (China).  
Locations  
Country  
Products  
contrAct production  
Born  
Netherlands  
China  
MINIꢀHatch,ꢀMINIꢀConvertible,ꢀMINIꢀCountryman,ꢀBMWꢀX1  
Chongqing  
Graz  
Scooter  
BMWꢀ5ꢀSeries,ꢀBMWꢀZ4  
Motorcycles  
Austria  
India  
Hosur  
3
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMW Group locations worldwide  
• 12  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Organisation and  
Business Model  
4
3
31  
16  
Sales subsidiaries and  
Financial Services  
Production and  
assembly plants  
Research and  
development  
locations  
locations worldwide  
Headquarters  
Russia  
India  
China  
Canada  
South Korea  
Japan  
usA  
Hong Kong  
Mexico  
Thailand  
Malaysia  
United Arab  
Emiratesꢀ  
Singaporeꢀ1  
Brazil  
Indonesiaꢀ1  
Australia  
Argentinaꢀ1  
South Africa  
New Zealand  
Research and development  
network outside Europe  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀDesignworks,ꢀNewburyꢀ  
Park,ꢀUSA  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀTechnologyꢀOfficeꢀUSA,ꢀ  
MountainꢀView,ꢀUSA  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀEngineeringꢀandꢀ  
Emission Test Center,  
Oxnard,ꢀUSA  
Production  
outside Europe  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀConnectedDriveꢀLabꢀ  
China,ꢀShanghai,ꢀChina,ꢀandꢀ  
BMWꢀGroupꢀDesignworksꢀStudioꢀ  
Shanghai,ꢀChina  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀAraquari,ꢀBrazil  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀChennai,ꢀIndia  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀManaus,ꢀBrazil  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀRayong,ꢀThailand  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀRosslyn,ꢀSouthꢀAfrica  
Partner plants  
outside Europe  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀTechnologyꢀOffice,ꢀ  
Shanghai,ꢀChina  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀEngineeringꢀChina,ꢀ  
Beijing,ꢀChina  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀChongqing,ꢀChina  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀHosur,ꢀIndia  
2
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀSanꢀLuisꢀPotosíꢀ ,  
Mexico  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀEngineeringꢀJapan,ꢀ  
Tokyo, Japan  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀJakarta,ꢀIndonesia  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀCairo,ꢀEgypt  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀKaliningrad,ꢀRussia  
Partnerꢀplant,ꢀKulim,ꢀMalaysia  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀSpartanburg,ꢀUSA  
ꢀB MWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotive,ꢀChinaꢀ  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀEngineeringꢀUSA,ꢀ  
WoodcliffꢀLake,ꢀUSA  
Sales subsidiaries and  
Financial Services  
(
joint venture – 3 plants)  
BMWꢀTechnology,ꢀChicago,ꢀUSA  
locations worldwide  
1
2
Salesꢀlocationsꢀonly.  
018 only pre-series production, plant opens in 2019.  
2
3
5
BMW Group locations in Europe  
13  
Norway  
Sweden  
Finland1  
Germany  
Netherlands  
uk  
Denmark  
Czech  
1
Republicꢀ  
Ireland  
Poland  
Austria  
Slovakiaꢀ1  
Hungary1  
Belgium  
France  
Romania1  
Bulgariaꢀ1  
Switzerland  
Spain  
Portugal  
Italy  
Sloveniaꢀ1  
Malta  
Greece  
Production in Europe  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀBerlin  
Research and development  
network in Europe  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀResearchꢀandꢀInnovationꢀ  
Centreꢀ(FIZ),ꢀMunich,ꢀGermany  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀDingolfing  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀEisenach  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀLandshut  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀLeipzig  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀResearchꢀandꢀ  
Technology, Munich, Germany  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀMunich  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀAutonomousꢀDrivingꢀ  
Campus, Unterschleißheim, Germany  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀRegensburg  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀWackersdorfꢀ  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀSteyr,ꢀAustria  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀHamsꢀHall,ꢀUK  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀOxford,ꢀUK  
BMWꢀGroupꢀplantꢀSwindon,ꢀUK  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀDesignworks,ꢀMunich,ꢀ  
Germany  
Partner plants  
in Europe  
ꢀP artnerꢀplant,ꢀBorn,ꢀ  
Netherlands  
ꢀB MWꢀCarꢀIT,ꢀMunich,ꢀGermany  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀLightweightꢀ  
Construction and Technology Center,  
Landshut,ꢀGermany  
Sales subsidiaries and  
Financial Services  
locations Europe  
ꢀR olls-RoyceꢀManufacturingꢀPlant,ꢀ  
Goodwood, UK  
ꢀP artnerꢀplant,ꢀGraz,ꢀ  
Austria  
ꢀB MWꢀGroupꢀDieselꢀCompetenceꢀ  
Centre,ꢀSteyr,ꢀAustria  
3
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  
The BMW Group’s internal management system is  
based on a multi-layered structure. Operating manage-  
ment occurs primarily at segment level. In order to  
manage long-term corporate performance and assess  
strategic issues, additional key performance indicators  
are taken into account within the management system  
at Group level. In this context, value added serves as  
one of several indicators for the contribution made  
to enterprise value during the financial year. This  
approach is made operational at both Group and  
segment level through key financial and non-finan-  
cial performance indicators (value drivers). The link  
between value added and the relevant value drivers  
is shown in a simplified form below.  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
Management System  
The business management system applied by the  
BMW Group follows a value-based approach that  
focuses on profitability, consistent growth, value  
enhancement for capital providers and job security.  
Capital is considered to be employed profitably when  
the amount of profit generated sustainably exceeds  
the cost of equity and debt capital. In this way, the  
desired degree of corporate autonomy is also secured  
in the long term.  
BMW Group – value drivers  
14  
Expenses  
Profit  
Return on sales  
Capital turnover  
Cost of capital  
÷
÷
×
Return on capital  
RoCE or RoE)  
Revenues  
Valueꢀadded  
×
(
Capital employed  
Averageꢀweightedꢀ  
cost of capital rate  
3
7
Due to the high level of aggregation, it is impractical  
to manage the business on the basis of value added.  
This key indicator therefore only serves for reporting  
purposes. Relevant value drivers having a significant  
impact on business performance and therefore on  
enterprise value are defined for each controlling  
level. The financial and non-financial value drivers  
are reflected in the key performance indicators used  
to manage the business. In the case of project-related  
decisions, the system follows a project-oriented  
management logic that is based on value added andꢀ/ꢀor  
profitability, thereby providing a fundamental basis  
for decision-making.  
and return on equity (RoE) for the Financial Services  
segment. These indicators combine a wide range of  
relevant economic information, such as profitabil-  
ity (return on sales) and capital efficiency (capital  
turnover) to provide a measurement of segment  
performance and the development of enterprise value.  
Automotive segment  
The most comprehensive key performance indica-  
tor used for the Automotive segment is RoCE. This  
indicator provides information on the profitability of  
capital employed and the operational business. RoCE  
is measured on the basis of segment profit before  
financial result and the average capital employed in  
the segment. The strategic target for the Automotive  
segment’s RoCE is 26 %.  
Management of operating performance  
at segment level  
Operating performance at segment level is managed at  
an aggregated level on the basis of returns on capital.  
Depending on the business model, the segments are  
measured on the basis of return on total capital or  
Profit before  
financial result  
RoCE Automotive  
=
Average capital  
employed  
equity. Specifically, return on capital employed (RoCE  
)
is used for the Automotive and Motorcycles segments  
Return on capital employed*  
15  
Average  
Profit before financial result in € million  
capital employed in € million  
Return on capital employed in %  
2
018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
Automotive  
6,182  
7,888  
12,420  
10,147  
49.8  
77.7  
*
 ꢀP riorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
Capital employed corresponds to the sum of all  
current and non-current operational assets, less  
liabilities that do not incur interest (e.ꢀg. trade payables  
and other provisions).  
a significant long-term impact on Group performance.  
Fleet emissions correspond to average CO2 emissions  
of new cars sold in the EU-28 countries.  
By managing the business on the basis of key value  
drivers, it is possible to gain a better understanding  
of the causes of changes in the RoCE and to define  
suitable measures to influence it.  
Due to its key importance for the Group as a whole,  
the Automotive segment is managed on the basis of  
additional key performance indicators which have a  
significant impact on RoCE and hence on segment  
performance. These value drivers are the number of  
vehicle deliveries and the operating return on sales  
(
EBIT margin: segment-related profitꢀ/ꢀloss before  
financial result as a percentage of segment revenues)  
as the key performance indicator for segment prof  
itability. The management system also takes into  
account average CO2 emissions for the fleet, which,  
through their influence on ongoing development  
costs and due to regulatory requirements, can have  
-
3
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Motorcycles segment  
Profit before  
As with the Automotive segment, the Motorcycles  
segment is managed on the basis of RoCE. Capital  
employed is determined on the same basis as in the  
Automotive segment. The strategic RoCE target for  
the Motorcycles segment is 26%.  
financial result  
General Information  
and Group Profile  
rꢀce  
Motorcycles  
=
Management System  
Average capital  
employed  
Return on capital employed*  
16  
Average  
Profit before financial result in € million  
capital employed in € million  
Return on capital employed in %  
2
018  
2017  
2018  
616  
2017  
2018  
2017  
Motorcycles  
175  
207  
609  
28.4  
34.0  
*
 ꢀP riorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
In view of its increasing strategic importance, the  
Motorcycles segment adopted the operating return  
on sales (EBIT margin: segment-related profitꢀ/ꢀloss  
before financial result as a percentage of segment  
revenues) as a key performance indicator with effect  
from the financial year 2017. The long-term target  
of return on equity. RoE is defined as segment profit  
before tax, divided by the average amount of equity  
capital in the Financial Services segment. In view  
of generally increasing regulatory requirements, a  
greater volume of equity capital will be allocated to  
the segment in future, which will result in a lower  
RoE. In this context, the long-term target return was  
changed with effect from the 2018 financial year from  
at least 18 % to at least of 14 %.  
range is between  
8 and 10 %. Used in combination  
with the number of motorcycle deliveries as a non-  
financial value driver, the segment can exert a greater  
influence on the development of RoCE.  
Profit before tax  
RoE Financial  
Financial Services segment  
As is common practice in the banking sector, the  
Financial Services segment is managed on the basis  
=
Services  
Average equity capital  
Return on equity  
17  
Profit before tax in € million  
018  
Average equity capital in € million  
Return on equity in %  
2018  
2
2017  
2018  
2017  
2017  
FinancialꢀServices  
2,161  
2,207  
14,630  
12,167  
14.8  
18.1  
3
9
Strategic management at Group level  
return on sales and value added. Value added, as  
a highly aggregated performance indicator, also  
provides an insight into capital efficiency and the  
(opportunity) cost of capital required to generate  
Group profit. A positive value added means that  
a company is generating more value than the cost  
of capital.  
Strategic management and quantification of financial  
implications for long-term corporate planning are  
performed primarily at Group level. The key perfor-  
mance indicators are Group profit before tax and the  
size of the Group’s workforce at the year-end. Group  
profit before tax provides a comprehensive measure  
of the Group’s overall performance after consolida-  
tion effects and a transparent basis for comparing  
performance, particularly over time. The size of the  
Group’s workforce is monitored as an additional key  
non-financial performance indicator.  
Value added  
Group  
earnings amount  
cost of capital  
=
=
earnings amount  
(cost of capital rate  
capital employed)  
The information provided by these two key perfor-  
mance indicators is further complemented by pre-tax  
×
Value added Group*  
18  
Earnings amount  
2018  
Cost of capital (equity + debt capital)  
Value added Group  
2018  
in € million  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2017  
BMWꢀGroup  
10,086  
10,978  
7,298  
6,804  
2,788  
4,174  
*
 ꢀP riorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
Capital employed comprises the average amount  
of Group equity employed during the year as a  
whole, the financial liabilities of the Automotive  
and Motorcycles segments, and pension provisions.  
The earnings amount corresponds to Group profit  
before tax, adjusted for interest expense incurred in  
conjunction with the pension provision and on the  
financial liabilities of the Automotive and Motor-  
cycles segments (earnings before interest expense  
and taxes). The cost of capital is the minimum rate of  
return expected by capital providers in return for the  
capital employed. Since capital employed comprises  
an equity capital (e.ꢀg. share capital) and a debt capital  
element (e.ꢀg. bonds), the overall cost of capital rate  
is determined on the basis of the weighted average  
rates for equity and debt capital, measured using  
standard market procedures. The pre-tax average  
weighted cost of capital for the BMW Group in 2018  
was 12 %, unchanged from the previous year.  
Project decisions are based on calculations derived  
from expected cash flows of the individual project.  
Calculations are made for the full term of a project,  
incorporating future years in which the project is  
expected to generate cash flows. Project decisions  
are taken on the basis of net present value and the  
internal rate of return calculated for the project.  
The net present value of a project indicates the extent  
to which a project will be able to generate a positive  
contribution to earnings over and above the cost of  
capital. A project with a positive net present value  
enhances value added and therefore results in an  
increase in enterprise value. The internal rate of return  
of the project corresponds to the average return on  
capital employed in the project. It is equivalent to the  
multi-year average RoCE for an individual project. It is  
therefore consistent with one of the key performance  
indicators.  
For all project decisions, the project criteria and  
long-term periodic results impact are measured and  
incorporated in the long-term Group forecast. This  
approach enables an analysis of the impact of project  
decisions on periodic earnings and rates of return for  
each year during the term of the project. The overall  
result is a cohesive management model.  
Value-based project management  
Operational business in the Automotive and Motor-  
cycles segments is largely shaped by its life-cycle-  
dependent project character. Projects have a substantial  
influence on future business performance. Project  
decisions are therefore a crucial component of financial  
management in the BMW Group.  
4
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
GENERAL AND  
SECTOR-SPECIFIC  
ENVIRONMENT  
REPORT  
Report on  
Economic Position  
ON ECONOMIC  
POSITION  
General and Sector-  
specific Environment  
Automobile and motorcycle deliveries  
reach record levels  
General economic environment  
Business performance impacted by  
various factors  
The global economy grew by 3.7% in 2018, similar to  
the previous year. Despite political uncertainties, all  
regions saw economic growth, albeit with varying  
degrees of strength. While momentum slowed in  
Europe and China, economic output in the USA grew  
at a significantly faster pace than in 2017, thereby bol-  
stering the growth of global gross domestic product.  
Group profit before tax  
down moderately  
9,815 million  
The eurozone economy continued to grow. At around  
8.1 %  
1
.9%, however, the increase was below the previous  
year’s rate. Key economies in the region remained  
on growth course, with economic output up in  
Germany (+ꢀ1.5%), France (+ꢀ1.6%), Italy (+ꢀ1.0%) and  
Spain (+2.5%). Increased investment activity, rising  
exports and robust domestic demand from both  
private consumers and the state contributed to the  
positive economic development. Within this favoura-  
ble environment, the unemployment rate continued to  
fall and is now at its lowest level since 2008. As a result  
of the related rise in inflation, the European Central  
Bank (ECB) decided to phase out its securities purchase  
programme by December 2018 and to reinvest only  
principal repayments from maturing securities.  
Economic performance in the United Kingdom was  
dominated by continuing uncertainty regarding the  
terms of Brexit and hence the country’s future relation-  
ship with the EU. Despite a further slight decline in  
the unemployment rate, private consumer sentiment  
declined further. Similarly, the public sector had only  
a limited degree of leverage to counter the overall  
slowdown in market momentum. As a consequence,  
economic growth in the reporting period slowed for  
the fourth year in succession to stand at 1.3%. The  
situation was exacerbated by the Bank of England  
raising its benchmark interest rates in an attempt to  
hold down price inflation.  
4
1
GDP in the USA rose for the ninth consecutive year in  
018, growing by % on the back of strong domestic  
with the growth rate almost halved compared to one  
year earlier. The export sector slowed down in 2018  
after a strong previous year.  
2
2.9  
demand. Alongside increased household spending  
encouraged by the tax reform, government-related  
demand also increased considerably. Consumer  
sentiment within private households was shored  
up by a historically low unemployment rate of less  
Emerging markets remained on a stable growth course  
with GDP up overall against the previous year, includ-  
ing rises in Russia (+2.3%), Brazil (+ꢀ1.3%) and India  
than  
4
% and rising wages. Corporate investments  
(+ 7.3 %). The upward trend in Russia was driven  
and industrial production also grew robustly. Strong  
economic growth combined with an inflation rate of  
2.4% provided impetus for the Fed to raise interest  
by a number of sectors. Investment and industrial  
production increased markedly. Domestic consumer  
spending was at a similar level to the previous year.  
The positive trend benefited from a further drop  
in unemployment. Economic recovery in Brazil  
remained sluggish. Although private consumer  
spending developed positively in 2018, the country’s  
high unemployment rate was only reduced slightly.  
Government spending also increased. The Indian  
economy grew at a steady rate. Apart from strong  
growth in private spending, the manufacturing sector  
also made a positive contribution.  
rates over the course of 2018.  
Economic growth in China came in at 6.6% in 2018,  
slightly down on the previous year. Demand from  
private households remained at a similarly high  
level to previous years. By contrast, the willingness  
of companies to invest fell significantly, reflected in  
a growth rate of only 5.9% in 2018. This outcome  
was a desired development and in line with the gov-  
ernment’s intended transformation of the Chinese  
economy to one of sustainable economic growth and  
greater financial market stability. Over the course of  
the year, however, tariff increases imposed by the USA  
on Chinese products exacerbated the factors holding  
down the domestic economy, causing the Chinese  
government to undertake fiscal measures to prevent  
the economy from slowing too quickly.  
Currency markets  
The US dollarꢀ/ꢀeuro exchange rate fluctuated between  
1.13 and 1.25 US dollars to the euro during 2018, fin-  
ishing the twelve-month period at an average rate of  
1.18 US dollars to the euro. As previously announced,  
the US Federal Reserve continued to raise key interest  
rates during the period under report. With effect  
from the end of the year, the ECB discontinued its  
purchases of securities, sending out the first clear  
signals that its highly expansionary monetary policy  
is coming to an end.  
In Japan, the growth rate for 2018 fell sharply to 0.8%,  
mainly due to a significant decline in private consumer  
spending. In addition, various natural catastrophes  
temporarily curtailed production. Furthermore,  
demand for capital goods only increased moderately,  
Exchange rates compared to the euro  
19  
Index: December 2013 = 100  
200  
150  
100  
50  
200  
Russian Rouble  
150  
BritishꢀPound  
100  
Chinese Renminbi  
JapaneseꢀYen  
USꢀDollar  
50  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2019  
Source:ꢀReuters.  
4
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
The British pound’s fluctuations against the euro  
reflected the progress of difficult negotiations towards  
an orderly Brexit. The value of the British currency fell  
temporarily to 0.91 pounds to the euro before finishing  
the year at an average rate of 0.89 pounds to the euro.  
twelve-month period. The Japanese yen also continued  
to depreciate year-on-year with an average exchange  
rate of 130 yen to the euro during the year under  
report.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
General and Sector-  
specific Environment  
The currencies of major emerging economies fell  
during 2018. The Russian rouble and the Brazilian  
real lost 12% and 20% respectively against the euro.  
The Indian rupee depreciated by 10% against the euro.  
The Chinese renminbi continued to lose value com-  
pared to the previous year, recording an average  
exchange rate of 7.81 renminbi to the euro for the  
Oil price trend  
20  
Price per barrel of Brent Crude  
150  
100  
50  
0
150  
100  
PriceꢀinꢀUSꢀDollar  
Priceꢀinꢀ€  
50  
0
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2019  
Source:ꢀReuters.  
Precious metals price trend  
21  
Price in US Dollar  
1
1
6
1
,800  
,200  
00  
1,800  
1,200  
600  
Gold  
Palladium  
Platinum  
00  
100  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2019  
Source:ꢀReuters.  
4
3
Energy and raw materials prices  
International automobile markets  
Steel markets experienced some sharp price rises  
during 2018, especially in the USA. The US Admin-  
istration increased tariffs on steel by 25%, making  
this particular raw material more expensive for the  
domestic market. In addition, the price of coking coal  
went up by around 10%. Moreover, both the USA and  
the EU continued to apply protectionist measures on  
steel products from various countries.  
The upward trend of the previous years on inter-  
national automotive markets failed to continue in  
2018, with registration figures for passenger cars and  
light commercial vehicles falling worldwide by 2.2 %  
to 85.8 million vehicles. New registration figures  
fell for the first time in years in China (23.1 mil-  
lion units; –  
17 million units; +  
units; + 0.7 %).  
6
.
3
%) and were flat in both the USA  
(
.
3
0
.
3
%) and Japan ( million  
5.1  
Prices for precious and non-ferrous metals fell mar-  
kedly overall towards the end of 2018. Only palladium,  
which is mainly used in petrol engines, saw a price  
increase.  
Overall, European automobile markets finished at  
the previous year’s level (15.6 million units; 0.0%). A  
look at individual markets, however, shows a mixed  
picture for registrations. While Spain (1.3 million  
Prices for lithium and cobalt, which are used as raw  
units; +7.0%) and France (2.2 million units; +3.0%)  
again saw year-on-year growth, new registrations were  
down in Italy ( million units; – %) and Germany  
(3.4 million units; –0.2%). The automobile market in  
the UK continues to suffer from uncertainties related  
to the progress of Brexit, with registrations down by  
6.8% to 2.4 million units.  
materials in batteries, were highly volatile during 2018  
.
Whereas multi-year highs were still being recorded in  
the first half of the year, prices fell sharply during the  
second six-month period.  
1
.
9
3.3  
On oil markets, concerns regarding a state bank-  
ruptcy in Venezuela and the reintroduction of export  
sanctions against Iran fuelled fears of a possible  
under-supply. Overall, the average price per barrel  
rose significantly from 54 US dollars to 72 US dollars  
year-on-year. WTI, the benchmark for crude oil in the  
USA, followed a similar trend, with an average price of  
around 65 US dollars per barrel for the year as a whole.  
Vehicle registrations in major emerging markets rose  
for the second year in succession in 2018. Russia  
recorded growth of 10.3 % to 1.6 million units. New  
registrations in Brazil went up by 12.1 % (2.1 million  
units).  
International motorcycle markets  
Steel price trend  
Motorcycle markets in the 250 cc plus class generally  
performed well during 2018. The number of new  
22  
registrations worldwide increased  
European markets in particular developed well, grow-  
ing at an overall rate of %. Germany registered  
growth of 8.6%. Increases in new registrations were  
also recorded in Italy (+ %) and Spain (+ꢀ16 %).  
The French motorcycle market was % up on the  
3.1% year-on-year.  
Index: January 2014 = 100  
7.4  
140  
100  
60  
6
.
3
.3  
6.0  
previous year. The US market continued to perform  
weakly and contracted by 4.5%.  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2019  
Source:ꢀWorkingꢀGroupꢀforꢀtheꢀIronꢀandꢀMetalꢀProcessingꢀIndustry.  
4
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
International interest rate environment and  
development of pre-owned vehicle prices  
The global economy continued to grow robustly in  
2018. With the exception of the Fed, major central  
banks supported this development with their con-  
tinued expansionary approach.  
OVERALL ASSESSMENT  
BY MANAGEMENT  
Report on  
Economic Position  
General and Sector-  
specific Environment  
Overall Assessment  
by Management  
Comparison of  
Forecasts for 2018  
with Actual Results  
in 2018  
The ECB’s policy of monetary expansion remained  
largely unchanged. The volume of bond purchases  
was reduced from €ꢀ30 billion to €ꢀ15 billion in Octo-  
ber 2018 and the purchase programme definitively  
ended with effect from the end of the year.  
Overall assessment of business performance  
Despite challenging conditions and volatility on  
international markets, the BMW Group can look  
back on an overall positive business performance  
in 2018. Despite some downward trends in figures  
in the past financial year, the BMW Group’s results  
of operations, financial position and net assets are all  
indicative of the enterprise’s solid financial condition.  
Overall, despite the various economic challenges,  
business developed in line with management’s  
revised expectations. This assessment also takes into  
account events after the end of the reporting period.  
After a weak first six-month period, the UK economy  
recorded stronger-than-expected growth during the  
second half of 2018. In August, the Bank of England  
(
BoE) decided to raise key interest rates in view of solid  
growth figures and to counter inflationary pressures.  
Despite the trade dispute with China, the US Federal  
Reserve maintained its strategy of normalising mon-  
etary policy during 2018. Over the course of the year,  
it resolved on four occasions to raise the benchmark  
interest rate, in each case by 0.25 %, taking it to a  
range of 2.25 2.50 %.  
The Chinese economy lost a certain amount of  
momentum in 2018. Despite the trade dispute with  
the USA, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) retained  
its interest rate policy and left the benchmark interest  
rate unchanged.  
The pace of economic growth in Japan slowed during  
2
018, partly due to the numerous natural disasters.  
With inflation well below the target rate of 2 %, the  
Japanese central bank decided to retain its highly  
expansionary monetary policy.  
In some European countries, in particular Germany  
and to some extent in Southern Europe, diesel  
engines were the subject of political debate in 2018.  
In Germany, the first driving bans were imposed on  
older diesel vehicles. Although markets for pre-owned  
cars in the premium segment reacted across the board  
with price decreases for diesels, only a small number  
of the affected vehicles remain in the BMW Group’s  
portfolio. By contrast, prices for petrol vehicles in the  
premium segment remained stable.  
In the UK, the market for pre-owned premium vehicles  
was slightly down on previous years. North American  
markets developed positively. So far, markets in Asia  
have been largely unaffected by discussions about  
types of engine.  
4
5
COMPARISON OF  
FORECASTS FOR 2018  
WITH ACTUAL RESULTS  
IN 2018  
Against this background, the BMW Group adjusted its  
outlook for the financial year 2018 as follows:  
In the Automotive segment, revenues are fore-  
cast to be slightly lower than the previous year  
(
previously: slight year-on-year increase).  
The EBIT margin in the Automotive segment is  
expected to be at least 7ꢁ% (previously: 8 to  
1
0ꢁ%).  
The following section provides information on the key  
financial and non-financial performance indicators  
for the Group and its segments, which is used as the  
basis for the internal management of the BMW Group.  
Group profit before tax is expected to show a  
moderate year-on-year decrease (previously:  
in line with the previous year).  
These circumstances had a significant impact on  
Group profit before tax and the EBIT margin of the  
Automotive segment both in the third quarter and in  
the fourth quarter.  
As part of the analysis of operations and the financial  
condition of the BMW Group, forecasts made the pre-  
vious year for the financial year 2018 are compared  
with the actual outcomes in 2018.  
The BMW Group remains fully committed to its goal  
of spearheading the transformation of the industry. It  
continues to strive for sustained high profitability as  
In an ad hoc announcement issued on 25 Septem  
-
ber 2018, the BMW Group reported on its decision to  
revise its forecast for the financial year 2018 in light  
of a new assessment. The main reasons given for the  
revision are stated below:  
the cornerstone of its Strategy NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT.  
In addition to continuing the current product roll-  
out, ongoing cost and efficiency measures will also  
be intensified.  
The BMW Group implemented the requirements  
of the WLTP regulations at an early stage. How-  
ever, the industry-wide shift to the new WLTP  
test cycle resulted in significant supply distor-  
tions on several European markets and unexpect-  
edly intense competition. In line with its flexible  
production and sales strategy, the BMW Group  
responded to these circumstances by reducing  
its volume planning with a clear focus on earn-  
ings quality.  
Group  
Profit before tax: moderate decrease  
At €ꢀ9,815 million, Group profit before tax in 2018  
was the second-best figure in the company’s history  
and moderately down on the previous year’s record  
*ꢀPriorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀ level (2017: €ꢀ10,675* million; –8.1%). In the Annu-  
have been  
adjusted due to  
al Report 2017 it was expected that profit before  
theꢀfirst-timeꢀ tax would remain at the previous year’s level. The  
application of  
factors described above had a dampening effect on  
the BMW Group’s earnings performance during the  
IFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀ  
note 6 to the  
Group Financial  
Increased goodwill and warranty measures re-  
sulted in significantly higher additions to provi-  
sions in the Automotive segment.  
Statements.ꢀ twelve-month period under report.  
Group profit before tax fell moderately and was thus  
in line with adjusted expectations, as revised in the  
Quarterly Report to 30 September 2018.  
In addition, continuing international trade con-  
flicts were aggravating the market situation and  
feeding uncertainty. These circumstances resulted  
in greater-than-expected distortions in demand  
and unexpected pressure on pricing in several  
markets.  
Workforce at year-end: slight increase  
In the period under report, the size of the workforce  
increased slightly by  
3.7% to 134,682 employees (2017:  
1
29,932 employees). Projects relating to vehicle elec-  
trification and autonomous driving were the main  
reason for the workforce increase. Operating growth  
at segment level and the expansion of financial and  
mobility services also contributed to the higher  
headcount.  
As foreseen in the outlook for the financial year 2018,  
there was a slight increase in the size of the workforce,  
which was thus in line with expectations.  
4
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Automotive segment  
Deliveries to customers: slight increase  
In 2018, the BMW Group delivered a record num- ꢀPriorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀ with the previous year’s level (2017: €ꢀ85  
ber of vehicles to customers for the eighth year in  
succession. Despite significant ongoing political  
and economic uncertainties due to trade disputes,  
regulatory requirements and the unclear outcome of  
Revenues: in line with previous year’s level  
At €ꢀ85  
,
846 million, segment revenues were in line  
3
3
,
742ꢀ million;  
Report on  
Economic Position  
have been  
+0.1%), whereby the translation of foreign currencies  
adjusted due to  
Comparison of  
Forecasts for 2018  
with Actual Results  
in 2018  
theꢀfirst-timeꢀ had a negative impact, particularly in the first quarter.  
application of  
IFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀ  
note 6 to the  
Group Financial  
The various adverse factors described above also held  
down revenues.  
the Brexit negotiations, deliveries of BMW  
,
MINI and  
Statements.ꢀ  
Rolls-Royce brand vehicles worldwide increased slight-  
In the Quarterly Report to 30 September 2018, the  
original forecast for segment revenues was revised  
from a slight increase to a slight decrease. Thanks  
ly by 1.1% to 2,490, : 2,463,  
6641 units (2017 5261 units). Including the  
1
joint venture  
Favourable market conditions in Asia had a positive  
impact on automobile deliveries. In Europe, volume AutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀ to the slightly higher number of vehicles delivered,  
BMWꢀBrillianceꢀ  
figures matched the previous year’s high level despite  
fewer deliveries in the UK and Italy. In the Americas  
region, the BMW Group recorded a slight increase in  
the number of deliveries.  
actual revenues were in line with the previous year’s  
level and therefore exceeded the most recent forecast.  
(
2018:ꢀ459,581ꢀ  
units,ꢀ2017:ꢀ  
84,124 units).  
3
Going forward, the BMW Group intends to place  
greater emphasis on the quality of earnings in its  
management of the business. Given that the EBIT  
margin already takes account of revenues, segment  
revenues will no longer be reported as one of the key  
performance indicators going forward.  
Deliveries of the core BMW brand in 2018 totalled  
1
1
2
,125,026ꢀ units (2017: 2,088,283ꢀ units; +ꢀ1.8 %),  
thereby setting a new volume record. MINI remained  
slightly below the previous year’s record figure and,  
with 361,531 units, achieved its second highest num-  
ber of deliveries to date (2017: 371,881 units; –2.8%).  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars achieved a new record level  
of 4,107 units (2017: 3,362 units; +22.2%).  
EBIT margin: at least 7%  
The EBIT margin (profit before financial result divided  
3
by revenues) came in at 7.2% (2017: 9.2ꢀ %; –2.0 per-  
centage points). As forecast in the Quarterly Report  
to 30 September 2018, the EBIT margin exceeded 7%  
and was therefore in line with revised expectations. In  
the Annual Report 2017 an EBIT margin in the range  
of 8 to 10% was originally expected.  
As foreseen in the outlook for the financial year 2018,  
Automotive segment deliveries increased slightly and  
were therefore in line with expectations.  
2
2
EU-28.  
Fleet carbon dioxide (CO ) emissionsꢀ :  
2
in line with previous year’s level  
Return on capital employed: significant decrease  
CO2 emissions from fleet vehicles delivered in Europe  
The Automobile segment’s RoCE in 2018 fell to 49.8%  
(2017: 77.7ꢀ %; – 27.9 percentage points), mainly  
3
in 2018 amounted to 128  
g
CO2 /ꢀkm (adjusted value  
for 2017: 128 g CO /ꢀkm; 0.0%) and were therefore in  
reflecting earnings developments. The main reasons  
for the decrease were higher investments in the  
electrification of the BMW Group’s vehicle fleet,  
digitalisation and the expansion and rejuvenation of  
the model portfolio as well as the expansion of the  
production network. However, the long-term target  
RoCE for the Automotive segment was well above the  
minimum target of 26%.  
2
line with the previous year. This was achieved despite  
a further decline in the share of diesel vehicles and  
also thanks to the significant growth in deliveries of  
electrified models. The original forecast had foreseen  
a slight decrease.  
As foreseen in the outlook for the financial year  
2
018, the RoCE decreased significantly, in line with  
expectations.  
4
7
1
Motorcycles segment  
on the previous year’s level (2017: 34.0ꢀ %; –5.6 per-  
Deliveries to customers: in line with previous year’s level  
In 2018, deliveries of motorcycles reached a new record  
level of 165,566 units (2017: 164,153 units; +0.9%).  
centage points). In the original forecast in the Annual  
Report 2017, a slight increase was expected. The most  
recent forecast in the Quarterly Report to 30 Septem-  
ber 2018 still assumed that RoCE would be in line with  
the previous year’s level. The shortfall was attributable  
to the ramp-up situation in the segment due to various  
model changes. The long-term target RoCE of 26% for  
the Motorcycles segment was surpassed.  
In the Quarterly Report to 31 March 2018, a slight  
increase was forecast for the full twelve-month period.  
Due to the limited availability of products in conjunc-  
tion with various model changes, deliveries in 2018  
were only in line with the previous year’s level. The  
original forecast in the Annual Report 2017 expected  
a solid increase in deliveries of motorcycles.  
Financial Services segment  
Return on equity slightly below previous year’s level  
As expected in the Annual Report 2017, the return on  
equity generated by the Financial Services segment in  
EBIT margin in target range of between 8 and 10%  
The EBIT margin in the Motorcycles segment (profit  
before financial result divided by revenues) came in  
at 8.1% (2017: 9.1ꢀ %; –ꢀ1.0 percentage points). As  
foreseen for the financial year 2018, the EBIT margin  
2018 was slightly lower than one year earlier at 14.8%  
1
(2017: 18.1%; –3.3 percentage points). The decrease  
was due to more stringent regulatory requirements for  
equity capital. Nevertheless, the internal RoE target  
of at least 14% was achieved.  
was within the target range of between 8 and 10% and  
therefore in line with expectations.  
Return on capital employed: moderate decrease  
The return on capital employed (RoCE) for the Motor-  
cycles segment in 2018 was 28.4%, moderately down  
The key performance indicators of the BMW Group  
and its segments can be summarised as below.  
BMW Group comparison of 2018 forecasts with actual outcomes 2018  
23  
Forecast for 2018  
in 2017 Annual Report  
Forecast revision  
during the year  
Actual outcome  
in 2018  
Group  
Profitꢀbeforeꢀtax  
in line with last year’s level  
slight increase  
Q3:ꢀmoderateꢀdecrease  
€ million  
9,815 (– 8.1 %)  
moderate decrease  
Workforceꢀatꢀyear-end  
134,682 (+ 3.7 %)  
slight increase  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveriesꢀtoꢀcustomersꢀ2  
slight increase  
slight decrease  
units  
/ km  
2,490,664 (+1.1 %)  
slight increase  
Fleet emissions3  
g CO  
128 (0.0 %)  
in line with last  
year’s level  
2
Revenues  
slight increase  
Q3:ꢀslightꢀdecrease  
Q3:ꢀatꢀleastꢀ7  
€ million  
85,846 (+ 0.1 %)  
in line with last  
year’s level  
EBITꢀmargin  
between 8 and 10  
%
%
7.2 (– 2.0 %pts)  
Return on capital employed  
significantꢀdecrease  
49.8 (– 27.9 %pts)  
significant decrease  
motorcycles seGment  
Deliveriesꢀtoꢀcustomers  
solid increase  
Q1:ꢀslightꢀincrease  
units  
165,566 (+ 0.9 %)  
in line with last  
year’s level  
EBITꢀmargin  
between 8 and 10  
slight increase  
%
%
8.1 (–1.0 %pts)  
Return on capital employed  
Q1:ꢀinꢀlineꢀwithꢀlastꢀ  
28.4 (– 5.6 %pts)  
moderate decrease  
year’s level  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
Return on equity  
slight decrease  
%
14.8 (– 3.3 %pts)  
slight decrease  
1
Priorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀ Sꢀ henyangꢀ(2018:ꢀ459,581ꢀunits).  
EU-28.  
2
3
4
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
REVIEW OF OPERATIONS  
high level (2017  
Germany increased by  
95 805 units). In the UK, volumes fell slightly year-  
on-year to 238 308 units (2017 241 674 units; –ꢀ1 %),  
not least due to the ongoing uncertainty about the  
outcome of the Brexit negotiations.  
:
1
,
101  
,
760 units; –  
0
.
3
,
%). Deliveries in  
4
.
9
% to 310  
441 units (2017  
:
2
,
Report on  
Economic Position  
,
:
,
.4  
Review of Operations  
Automotive Segment  
AutomotiveꢀSegment  
On the American continent, market conditions were  
characterised by intense competition and fluctuations  
in demand, in some cases on a high scale. Nevertheless,  
the BMW Group increased deliveries in the region by  
Deliveries rise to new record level  
The BMW Group delivered 2,490,664* BMW, MINI and  
Rolls-Royce brand vehicles worldwide in 2018, thereby  
setting a new record for the eighth year in succession  
1
.
5
% to 457  
in the USA remained at the previous year’s level, with  
355 993 units delivered (2017 353 819 units; + %).  
,715 units (2017: 451,136 units). Business  
(
2017: 2,463,526* units; +ꢀ1.1%), comprising 2,125,026*  
BMW (2017: 2,088,283* units; +ꢀ1.8%), 361,531 MINI  
,
:
,
0.6  
(
(
2017: 371,881 units; –2.8%) and 4,107 Rolls-Royce  
2017: 3,362 units; +22.2%) brand vehicles.  
BMW Group – key automobile markets 2018  
24  
Asia and Americas slightly up, Europe at  
previous year’s level  
as a percentage of deliveries  
The BMW Group continued to grow its business in  
Asia in 2018, recording a 3.3% increase in deliveries  
2
5.7 China  
Other 28.3  
of BMW  
total of 876  
sales figures developed positively, mainly due to a  
strong second half-year, rising to 640 803* units (2017  
95,020* units; +7.7%).  
,
MINI and Rolls-Royce brand vehicles to a  
,
614* units (2017 848 826* units). In China,  
:
,
,
:
5
Japan 3.1  
1
4.2ꢀ USA  
Italy 3.1  
France 3.5  
In Europe, the BMW Group’s sales performance  
was dampened by various factors, including the  
diesel debate in some countries. Nevertheless, with  
deliveries of 1,098,523 units of its three brands, the  
BMW Group came very close to the previous year’s  
UK 9.6  
1
2.5 Germany  
BMW Group deliveries of vehicles by region and market  
25  
in 1,000 units  
2018  
2017  
2016  
2015  
2014  
Europe  
1,098.5  
310.4  
238.3  
457.7  
356.0  
876.6  
640.8  
57.9  
1,101.8  
295.8  
241.7  
451.1  
353.8  
848.8  
595.0  
61.8  
1,092.2  
298.9  
252.2  
460.4  
366.5  
747.3  
516.8  
67.7  
1,000.4  
286.1  
231.0  
495.9  
405.7  
685.8  
464.1  
65.4  
914.6  
272.3  
205.1  
482.3  
397.0  
658.4  
456.7  
62.7  
thereof Germany  
thereof UK  
Americas  
thereofꢀUSA  
Asia*  
thereof China*  
Other markets  
Total*  
2,490.7  
2,463.5  
2,367.6  
2,247.5  
2,118.0  
*
ꢀIncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2018:ꢀ459,581ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits,ꢀ2016:ꢀ316,200ꢀunits,ꢀ2015:ꢀ282,000ꢀunits,ꢀ2014:ꢀ275,891ꢀunits).  
4
9
BMW* deliveries rise to new record level  
rose significantly by 10.2 % to 382,753 units (2017:  
347 313 units). The BMW 6 Series benefited from the  
new Gran Turismo model and achieved a volume of  
26,606 units worldwide (2017: 11,052 units).  
In 2018  
2017  
,
BMW brand deliveries rose to  
2
,
125  
,
026 units  
,
(
:
2
,
088 283; +ꢀ1 %), reaching a new record high  
,
.
8
for the eighth year in succession. The BMW 5 Series,  
the BMW 6 Series and the X Family all made  
major contributions to this result. Moreover, the  
fleet of electrified vehicles is continually gaining  
in significance.  
The BMW X family again enjoyed high demand  
in 2018. Worldwide deliveries of 792  
represented a significant 12 % increase year-on-  
year (2017 706 741 units). The BMW X3 made an  
important contribution to this performance, with  
deliveries up by more than one third to 201 637 units  
,605 X units  
.
1
:
,
At 199,980 units, deliveries of the BMW 1 Series  
were almost at their previous year’s level (2017:  
,
2
01,968 units; –ꢀ1.0 %). Now nearing the end of its  
(2017: 146,395 units; + 37.7 %). Now coming to the  
end of its life cycle, BMW X5 deliveries fell short  
of the previous year, in line with expectations  
model life cycle, deliveries of the BMW 3 Series were  
down on the previous year, in line with expectations  
(
366  
,
475 units; 2017  
:
409  
,
005 units; –ꢀ10  
.
4
%). The new  
(155,575 units; 2017: 180,905 units; –ꢀ14.0 %). The  
BMW 3 Series Sedan celebrated its world première  
in autumn 2018, amid great acclaim from customers  
and media alike. Deliveries of the BMW 5 Series  
successor to the X5 has been available since Novem-  
ber 2018 and will generate additional impetus from  
2019 onwards.  
Deliveries of BMW vehicles by model variant*  
26  
Proportion of  
BMW sales volume  
in units  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
2018 in %  
BMWꢀ1ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀ2ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀ3ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀ4ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀ5ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀ6ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀ7ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀ8ꢀSeries  
BMWꢀX1  
199,980  
152,215  
366,475  
109,887  
382,753  
26,606  
201,968  
181,113  
409,005  
133,104  
347,313  
11,052  
64,311  
–1.0  
–16.0  
–10.4  
–17.4  
10.2  
9.4  
7.2  
17.2  
5.2  
18.0  
1.3  
56,037  
–12.9  
2.6  
923  
286,827  
67,576  
286,743  
0.0  
13.5  
3.2  
BMWꢀX2  
BMWꢀX3  
201,637  
45,950  
146,395  
52,167  
180,905  
40,531  
33,676  
2,088,283  
37.7  
–11.9  
–14.0  
–13.5  
11.5  
1.8  
9.5  
BMWꢀX4  
2.2  
BMWꢀX5  
155,575  
35,040  
7.3  
BMWꢀX6  
1.6  
BMWꢀi  
37,545  
1.8  
BMW total  
2,125,026  
100.0  
*
ꢀIncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2018:ꢀ459,581ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ384,124ꢀunits).  
5
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
MINI achieves second-best year  
increased by almost one fifth to 99,750 units (2017:  
84,888 units; +ꢀ17.5%). The MINI Hatch (3- and 5-door)  
achieved a volume of 182,189 units (2017: 194,070  
units; –6.1%).  
2
018 was the second-best year in MINI’s history.  
Worldwide deliveries totalled 361,531 units (2017:  
371,881 units; –2.8%). Deliveries of the MINI Countryman  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Automotive Segment  
Deliveries of MINI vehicles by model variant  
27  
Proportion of  
MINI sales volume  
in units  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
2018 in %  
MINIꢀHatchꢀ(3-ꢀandꢀ5-door)  
MINIꢀConvertible  
MINIꢀClubman  
182,189  
32,356  
47,236  
99,750  
361,531  
194,070  
33,351  
– 6.1  
– 3.0  
50.4  
8.9  
59,572  
– 20.7  
17.5  
13.1  
27.6  
100.0  
MINIꢀCountrymanꢀ  
MINI total  
84,888  
371,881  
– 2.8  
Rolls-Royce with record deliveries  
In 2018, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars marked its best year  
Delivery target of 140,000 electrified automobiles  
achieved  
in over 100 years of corporate history with  
eries worldwide (2017: 3,362 units; +22.2 %). The  
Rolls-Royce Phantom* (830 units; 2017 235 units)  
and the new Rolls-Royce Cullinan* (544 units), the  
latter of which has been available to customers since  
November 2018, contributed substantially to this  
performance.  
4
,
107 deliv-  
The BMW Group succeeded in reaching its target of  
delivering more than 140,000 electrified vehicles in  
the financial year 2018, underlining its leading posi-  
tion worldwide in terms of combined deliveries of  
all-electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles and as market  
leader in Europe.  
:
With a total of 142  
electrified vehicles rose by more than a third in 2018  
2017 103 080 units; +38 %). Deliveries of BMW  
and BMW plug-in hybrid models increased by one  
third to 129,398 units in the year under report (2017:  
,617 units, deliveries of BMW Group  
Deliveries of Rolls-Royce vehicles  
by model variant  
(
:
,
.
4
i
28  
9
7
,
281 units; +33  
BMW plug-in hybrids made an important contribu-  
tion to this performance (2017 63 605 units; +44 %).  
Deliveries of the electrified MINI Countryman*, avail-  
able since June 2017, totalled 13 219 units during the  
.0%). With a total of 91,853 units,  
in units  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
:
,
.4  
Phantom*  
830  
958  
235  
1,098  
2,029  
–12.8  
–12.5  
Ghost  
,
Wraithꢀ/ꢀDawn  
Cullinan*  
1,775  
544  
year under report (2017: 5,799 units).  
Rolls-Royce total  
4,107  
3,362  
22.2  
Deliveries of electrified models  
29  
in units  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
BMWꢀi  
37,545  
91,853  
13,219  
142,617  
33,676  
63,605  
5,799  
11.5  
44.4  
BMWꢀiPerformance  
MINIꢀElectric  
Total  
103,080  
38.4  
*
2
Fuel consumption and CO emissions information are available on page 108.  
5
1
1
Production reaches new all-time high  
(2017: 2,123,947 units; +2.1%), 368,685 MINI (2017:  
1
A new production volume record of 2,541,534 units  
378,486 units; –2.6%) and 4,353 Rolls-Royce brand  
vehicles (2017: 3,308 units; +31.6%).  
1
(
2017  
:
2
,
505  
,
741 units; +ꢀ1  
.
4
%) was set during the  
1
year under report, comprising 2,168,496 BMW  
Vehicle production of the BMW Group by plant  
30  
Proportion of  
in units  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
production in %  
Spartanburg  
Dingolfing  
Regensburg  
Leipzig  
356,749  
328,862  
319,592  
244,248  
234,501  
157,799  
50,224  
15,612  
10,956  
7,752  
371,316  
376,580  
338,259  
246,043  
223,817  
196,455  
53,105  
21,084  
8,952  
– 3.9  
–12.7  
– 5.5  
– 0.7  
4.8  
14.0  
12.9  
12.7  
9.6  
Oxford  
9.2  
Munich  
–19.7  
– 5.4  
– 26.0  
22.4  
– 39.3  
31.6  
6.2  
Rosslyn  
2.0  
Rayong  
0.6  
Chennai  
0.4  
Araquari  
12,768  
3,308  
0.3  
Goodwood  
SanꢀLuisꢀPotosíꢀ2  
Tiexiꢀ(BBA)3  
Dadongꢀ(BBA)ꢀ3  
Bornꢀ(VDLꢀNedcar)ꢀ4  
Grazꢀ(MagnaꢀSteyr)ꢀ4  
Partnerꢀplants  
Group  
4,353  
0.2  
308  
299,939  
191,888  
211,660  
64,431  
42,660  
2,541,534  
269,309  
127,440  
168,969  
50,272  
38,064  
2,505,741  
11.4  
50.6  
25.3  
28.2  
12.1  
1.4  
11.8  
7.6  
8.3  
2.5  
1.7  
100.0  
1
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyangꢀ(2018:ꢀ491,872ꢀunits,ꢀ2017:ꢀ396,749ꢀunits).ꢀ  
2
3
4
2
018 only pre-series production, plant opens in 2019.  
JointꢀVentureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀShenyang.  
Contract production.  
The BMW Group’s production system is based on  
the Strategy NUMBER ONE NEXT and is ideally  
To ensure full capacity utilisation of its production  
network in the long term and to be capable of  
responding rapidly and flexibly to changing customer  
requirements, the BMW Group pursues the strategy of  
integrating the production of all-electric and plug-in  
hybrid vehicles in its existing manufacturing system.  
In 2018, the Group produced electrified vehicles at  
ten different locations worldwide. In the future, every  
BMW Group production plant in Europe will also  
manufacture electrified vehicles.  
>
prepared for the future. The system is characterised  
by unique flexibility, outstanding efficiency and  
robust processes, enabling the BMW Group to  
respond rapidly to changing market situations  
and fluctuations in regional demand. This level of  
manufacturing expertise gives the Group a crucial  
competitive edge and makes a key contribution to  
its overall profitability.  
Its production network leverages innovative technolo-  
gies from the fields of digitalisation and Industry 4.0,  
standardised modules and intelligent mixed manu-  
facturing methods. The production system ensures  
consistent premium quality and enables a high level  
of customisation for customers. MINI buyers, for  
example, can optionally design selected components  
to suit their individual tastes.  
5
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
German plants play leading role within network  
Overall, the Group’s German manufacturing plants  
in Munich, Dingolfing, Regensburg and Leipzig again  
produced over one million vehicles in 2018.  
International production network  
By expanding its international production network,  
the BMW Group follows global market developments  
with the aim of ensuring a balanced distribution of  
added value. In 2018, the Group announced the  
construction of a new plant in Hungary in order to  
increase capacity in its global production network in  
the long term.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Automotive Segment  
At the same time, important innovations are being  
further developed and tested at these plants. Moreover,  
they are playing a key role in integrating e-mobility  
throughout the BMW Group’s production network.  
In 2018 alone, more than €ꢀ1 billion were invested in  
the Group’s German production sites for continu-  
ous modernisation projects and to prepare them for  
electric mobility.  
Motorcycles  
Segment  
In 2018, the Group’s largest plant in Spartanburg  
(
USA) began producing the first BMW X7 and the  
new BMW X4 and BMW X5 models. The plant, which  
specialises in the BMW X Series ranging from the X3  
to the X7, produces a total of five different models for  
the world market.  
The technologies used in making electric drivetrain  
components and batteries are developed at the proto-  
type construction centre in Munich. The Dingolfing  
and Landshut plants play a leading role as centres of  
competence for the production of electric drivetrain  
systems. Electric motors for the BMW Group’s elec-  
trified vehicles are also produced at these plants. The  
batteries required are produced at the three battery  
Due to the high global demand for these models,  
the plants in Dadong (China) and Rosslyn (South  
Africa) have also been producing the BMW X3 since  
2018. Previously, the Rosslyn plant had produced the  
BMW 3 Series for over 35 years. The new BMW Group  
plant in San Luis Potosí (Mexico) will take over these  
capacities going forward. The first BMW 3 Series  
Sedans have already been successfully produced there  
as pre-series models. The plant in Mexico is due to be  
officially opened in mid-2019.  
factories in Dingolfing (Germany), Spartanburg (USA  
)
and Shenyang (China). In Thailand, the BMW Group  
works closely with a partner that manufactures bat-  
teries for electrified vehicles produced locally.  
The ability to produce electric drivetrain systems,  
batteries and prototypes for battery cells in-house  
gives the BMW Group a decisive competitive edge  
that enables it to secure valuable knowledge of new  
technologies, gain important system expertise and  
leverage cost advantages.  
In 2018, the BMW Group celebrated the 15th anniver-  
sary of the successful BMW Brilliance Automotive  
(
BBA) joint venture in Shenyang (China). A total of six  
BMW models are manufactured at the two BBA plants  
in Dadong and Tiexi. The BMW X2 will become the  
seventh model in 2019.  
In the future, the Group intends to concentrate its  
battery cell expertise in an in-house competence cen-  
tre. The aim is to continue developing the technology  
and to fully analyse and understand the value-added  
processes of the battery cell. The competence centre  
is due to be opened in 2019.  
Worldwide network for conventional drivetrain  
production  
The engine manufacturing plants in Munich, Hams  
Hall (UK), Steyr (Austria) and Shenyang (China) sup-  
ply both diesel and petrol engines for the production  
network. The BMW Group’s largest engine plant in  
Steyr also serves as the development centre for diesel  
engines worldwide. In Steyr, more than 700 techni-  
cians and engineers are working on making the drive-  
trains of the future generate even fewer emissions and  
operate more efficiently and powerfully with the help  
of state-of-the-art testing and measuring technology.  
5
3
MotorcyclesꢀSegment  
BMW Group deliveries of motorcycles  
• 31  
in 1,000 units  
Motorcycle deliveries increase  
Deliveries of motorcycles reached a new record level  
of 165,566 units in 2018 (2017: 164,153 units; +0.9%),  
marking the eighth successive year of growth.  
1
9
0
80  
164.2 165.6  
145.0  
1
37.0  
1
23.5  
Effect of model change felt particularly in Europe  
The model change in the mid-class segment had a  
particularly significant impact on the European mar-  
ket, causing motorcycle deliveries to fall slightly by  
0
3
23,  
.
3
% to 98  
824 units, deliveries to customers in Germany were  
down year-on-year (2017 26 664 units; –ꢀ10 %).  
Italy saw a slight decrease, with deliveries falling to  
110 units (2017 14 430 units; – %). By contrast,  
volumes remained similar to the previous year’s level  
in Spain (11 124 units; 2017 11 193 units; – %)  
and France (16,615 units; 2017: 16,607 units; 0.0 %).  
In the USA BMW Motorrad reported a slight increase  
,144 units in 2018 (2017: 101,524 units). At  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
:
,
.7  
1
4
,
:
,
2.2  
,
:
,
0
.
6
BMW Group – key motorcycle markets 2018  
• 32  
,
as a percentage of sales volume  
of 2.2 % to 13,842 units despite difficult market con-  
ditions (2017: 13,546 units).  
14.4 Germany  
Motorcycle production down year-on-year due to  
model changes  
10.0 France  
A total of 162,687 motorcycles rolled off BMW Motor-  
rad’s production lines at five locations during the year  
under report (2017: 185,682 units; –ꢀ12.4%). Since  
Other 46.5  
8
.5 Italy  
July 2018, BMW Motorrad scooters have also been  
manufactured by BMW Motorrad’s partner Loncin  
Motor Co., Ltd in Chongqing, China.  
8
.4ꢀ USA  
6
.7ꢀ Spain  
UK 5.5  
Eight new models introduced  
BMW Motorrad presented a total of eight new models  
at the international motorcycle trade shows in Cologne  
(
INTERMOT) and Milan (EICMA), comprising the  
R 1250 GS, R 1250 GS Adventure, R 1250 RT, R 1250 R,  
R 1250 RS, C 400 GT, F 850 GS Adv. and S 1000 RR. In  
the case of the third generation of the S 1000 RR, BMW  
Motorrad’s customers can now select a BMW M package  
for the first time. The R 1250 models are also equipped  
with new engines that generate more power, especially  
at lower speeds, and help improve energy efficiency.  
5
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
FinancialꢀServicesꢀSegment  
Slight growth in new business  
Credit financing and leasing business with retail  
customers remain key elements in the success of the  
Financial Services segment. During the period under  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Continued growth for Financial Services  
Review of Operations  
As in the previous year, the Financial Services segment  
continued to perform very well within a highly com-  
petitive market environment and therefore remained  
firmly on growth course. In balance sheet terms, busi-  
ness volume grew by 6.8% to stand at €ꢀ133,210 mil-  
lion (2017: €ꢀ124,719 million). The contract portfolio  
under management at 31 December 2018 comprised  
report, 1,908,640 new credit financing and leasing  
Financial Services  
Segment  
contracts were concluded with customers, slightly  
up (+4.4%) on the previous year (2017: 1,828,604  
contracts). A slight increase in new contracts was  
recorded for both credit financing (+4.3%) and leasing  
business (+ %). Overall, leasing accounted for 33  
and credit financing for 66.9% of new business.  
4
.
5
.1%  
5,708,032 contracts and therefore grew solidly by 6.1%  
year-on-year (2017: 5,380,785 contracts).  
The proportion of new BMW Group vehicles either  
leased or financed by the Financial Services segment  
in the financial year 2018 amounted to 50  
* The calculation centage points up on the previous year (2017  
.
0
%,  
3
.
.8  
2
per-  
%)*,  
Contract portfolio of  
:
46  
only includes  
Financial Services segment  
mainly due to growth in credit financing in China.  
automobile mar-  
kets in which the  
FinancialꢀServicesꢀ  
segment is repre-  
sented by a con-  
solidated entity.  
33  
In the pre-owned financing and leasing business  
for BMW and MINI, the segment recorded a slight  
increase in the number of new contracts signed in the  
period under report, up by 2.2% to 396,610 contracts  
in 1,000 units  
5
,708  
6
3
0
,000  
,000  
5
,381  
5
,115  
(
2017: 387,937 contracts).  
4
,719  
4
,360  
The total volume of new credit financing and leasing  
contracts concluded with retail customers during  
the twelve-month period under report amounted to  
(
ꢀ55,817 million, slightly higher than one year earlier  
2017: €ꢀ55,049 million; +ꢀ1.4%) and despite negative  
exchange rate effects.  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
BMW Group new vehicles financed or  
leased by Financial Services segment*  
34  
in %  
6
3
0
0
0
4
9.6  
50.0  
4
6.3  
46.8  
4
1.7  
2
1.2  
2
2.3  
2
0.8  
2
2.1  
Leasing 20.9  
2
7.3  
26.0  
28.8  
2
4.2  
Financing 20.8  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
*
Until 2015 excluding Rolls-Royce.  
5
5
The total portfolio of financing and leasing contracts  
with retail customers developed positively again in  
Decrease in multi-brand financing  
Multi-brand financing in the Financial Services seg-  
2
018, with a solid increase of  
6
.
3
% year-on-year. In  
ment registered a significant drop (–ꢀ13.5%) in new  
total, 235 207 contracts were in place with retail  
5
,
,
business in 2018, with the number of new contracts  
falling to 136,283 contracts (2017: 157,626 contracts).  
The total portfolio comprised 401,007 contracts at  
31 December 2018, slightly lower than one year earlier  
(2017: 406,813 contracts; –ꢀ1.4%). The reason for the  
decline was a stronger focus on the Group’s own  
brands within this line of business.  
customers at 31 December 2018 (2017: 4,926,228  
contracts) in the Financial Services segment. The  
China region recorded the fastest growth rate of all  
regions, significantly growing its contract portfolio by  
2
5.6% year-on-year. The Europeꢀ/ꢀMiddle Eastꢀ/ꢀAfrica  
region (+ %), the EU Bank* region (+ %) and  
the Americas region (+ %) also registered solid  
7
.
0
6.2  
2.2  
or slight year-on-year growth respectively, whereas  
the Asiaꢀ/ꢀPacific region saw a slight decrease in its  
contract portfolio (–2.5%).  
Solid year-on-year growth in dealership financing  
The total volume of dealership financing continued  
to grow during the financial year 2018, standing at  
ꢀ20,438 million at the end of the reporting period  
Contract portfolio retail customer financing  
of Financial Services segment 2018  
(2017: €ꢀ19,161 million; +6.7%).  
35  
Deposit business volume up on previous year  
Customer deposits represent an important source of  
refinancing for the Financial Services segment. The  
in % per region  
volume of deposits stood at €ꢀ14,359 million at the end  
Asiaꢀ/ꢀPacificꢀ 8.7  
of the reporting period, representing a solid increase  
over one year earlier (2017: €ꢀ13,572 million; +5.8%).  
3
2.8 Europe /  
China 10.7  
MiddleꢀEastꢀ/ꢀAfricaꢀ  
Growth in insurance brokerage business  
With an increase of 3.2 % in 2018, the number of  
EUꢀBank*ꢀ 21.1  
newly brokered insurance contracts grew to  
contracts (2017 337 652 contracts). At 31 Decem-  
ber 2018, the total number of brokered insurance  
1,381,093  
:
1
,
,
contracts stood at 3,906,550 (2017: 3,649,362 con-  
tracts; +7.0%).  
2
6.7ꢀ Americas  
*
ꢀEUꢀBankꢀcomprisesꢀBMWꢀBankꢀGmbH,ꢀitsꢀbranchesꢀinꢀItaly,ꢀSpainꢀandꢀPortugal,ꢀandꢀitsꢀ  
subsidiary in France.  
Slight growth in fleet business  
The BMW Group is one of Europe’s foremost leasing  
and full-service providers. The Financial Services  
segment’s fleet management business, under the  
brand name Alphabet, offers leasing and financing  
arrangements as well as specific services to com-  
mercial customers. The number of fleet contracts  
rose by 3.0 % during the financial year 2018. At  
31 December 2018, the segment was thus managing  
a portfolio of 700,080 fleet contracts (2017: 679,895  
contracts).  
5
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Risk profile  
Despite ongoing political and economic uncertainties,  
such as the diesel debate in European countries con-  
cerning higher levels of emissions from diesel vehicles  
as well as Brexit and trade conflicts, the risk profile  
across the Financial Services segment’s total portfolio  
remained stable at a low level.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Financial Services  
Segment  
Research and  
Development  
Development of credit loss ratio  
36  
in %  
0
.50  
0
0
0
.5  
0
.37  
0
.34  
0
.32  
0
.25  
.25  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
The risk profile of the segment’s credit financing port-  
folio also remained stable at a low level. The credit  
loss ratio on the total credit portfolio amounted to  
0.25% at 31 December 2018, and therefore below the  
previous year’s level (2017: 0.34%).  
Proceeds generated from the sale of BMW and MINI  
brand vehicles again rose slightly in the financial year  
2
018 due to volume and mix effects. Market values sta-  
bilised in North America. By contrast, the European  
pre-owned vehicle market experienced a downward  
trend, in line with expectations, mainly in the wake  
of the diesel engine debate.  
Further information on the risk situation is provided  
in the section Risks and Opportunities.  
5
7
ResearchꢀandꢀDevelopment  
Substantial expansion of R&D activities in China  
As part of its corporate strategy, the BMW Group  
took a number of decisive steps in 2018 in the field of  
research and development to secure the future of the  
enterprise as a whole. China is playing an increasingly  
significant role for the BMW Group as a driver of  
innovation and future mobility.  
www.bmwgroup.com/innovation  
In 2018 the research and development division at the  
BMW Group faced a series of challenges, which were  
successfully met. Firstly, as part of the model offensive,  
the Company developed new vehicles and vehicle  
concepts. Secondly, it played a key role in advancing  
the technologies that will drive tomorrow’s world,  
such as autonomous driving, battery research and  
electric mobility as well as software development  
and connectivity. Moreover, the transition to the new  
WLTP testing cycle was successfully completed during  
the course of the year.  
Following the R&D centre in Shenyang, theBMW Group  
opened a new location in Beijing in May 2018, where  
topics such as requirements management, testing and  
validation as well as the development of systems and  
services are now handled. In June, the BMW Group  
added a third location – Shanghai – to its Chinese  
R&D network. The R&D centre in Shanghai will focus  
on autonomous driving, digital services and futuristic  
design and expand existing collaboration arrangements  
with leading high-tech companies. The R&D team  
comprises over 200 technical specialists and design-  
ers. The two new locations are intended to bolster the  
BMW Group’s local innovative strength in China.  
Autonomous Driving Campus working at full speed  
In May 2018, the BMW Group celebrated the official  
opening of its Autonomous Driving Campus in Unter-  
schleißheim near Munich. On 23,000 square metres  
of office space, the BMW Group is rapidly developing  
state-of-the-art driver assistance systems as well as  
highly and fully automated driving technology. The  
campus has created many new jobs, particularly for  
IT specialists and software developers in the fields  
of artificial intelligence, machine learning and data  
analysis.  
Furthermore, in May 2018 the BMW Group became  
the first international automotive manufacturer to  
obtain a test licence for autonomous driving within  
China. Level 4 functions (fully automated driving) are  
being trialled by a test fleet comprising the latest mod-  
els of the current BMW 7 Series on approximately six  
kilometres of designated test routes in the Chinese city  
of Shanghai. The development team, which is made  
up of more than 60 experts, is currently collecting data  
that reflect urban traffic in all its complexity. These  
data will serve as the basis for developing machine  
learning algorithms capable of depicting highly auto-  
mated driving strategies.  
At the end of 2018, around 1,300 experts from the  
BMW Group as well as from external partners such as  
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Intel and Mobileye were  
already working in Unterschleißheim. On campus,  
the associates actively practise an open, agile way of  
working (Large Scale Scrum – LeSS), enabling the  
teams to tackle the high complexity of their tasks more  
quickly and with greater efficiency. This approach  
enables the BMW Group to focus keenly on developing  
new key technologies such as artificial intelligence  
and driving simulation.  
Driver assistance and autonomous driving continue to  
play key roles in the BMW Group’s forward-oriented  
strategy. During the year under report, a total of  
80 vehicles were deployed to test the new technolo-  
gies on highways and in urban environments across  
Europe, the USA and China.  
5
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
PurchasingꢀandꢀSupplierꢀNetwork  
Regional mix of BMW Group  
purchase volumes 2018  
37  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Ensuring access to resources in a  
volatile environment  
in %, basis: production material  
Review of Operations  
Purchasing and  
With its globally oriented organisation, the Purchasing  
and Supplier Network ensures access to all necessary  
external resources in an environment that remains  
highly volatile. Activities include the procurement  
and quality assurance of production materials, raw  
materials, capital goods and services as well as the  
manufacturing of vehicle components produced  
in-house. External suppliers are selected systematically  
according to the criteria of quality, innovation, flexibil-  
ity and cost. In 2018, procurement activities focused  
on components for the fast-growing percentage of  
electrified vehicles.  
Supplier Network  
Sales and Marketing  
1
.2 Other  
Asiaꢀ 6.5  
14.9  
NorthꢀAmerica  
3
8.0  
Germany  
RestꢀofꢀWesternꢀ  
Europe 17.0  
2
2.4 Eastern Europe  
Connecting procurement markets  
The BMW Group remains committed to its strategy of  
maintaining a regional balance with regard to growth  
in delivery, production and purchasing volumes. The  
strategy makes an important contribution to natural  
hedging against currency fluctuations. The global  
distribution of purchasing volumes for production  
materials and raw materials is closely linked to pro-  
duction volumes in the BMW Group’s global plant  
network. Global distribution remained largely stable  
in the financial year 2018.  
Global trade policy influences purchasing  
Global trade policy is increasingly influencing the  
BMW Group’s purchasing activities as well as its  
globally interlinked supply chains. With its pur-  
chasing strategy, the Group is pursuing the goal of  
increasing its own competitiveness and at the same  
time contributing towards cutting customs costs. This  
is achieved, for example, through localisation in free  
trade areas with minimum requirements in terms  
of local value creation and through the intelligent  
controlling of material flows within a global network.  
The BMW Group’s purchasing function also works  
to ensure the greatest possible flexibility to allow for  
short-term changes in trade policy.  
5
9
SalesꢀandꢀMarketing  
Digitisation promotes individual mobility  
www.bmwgroup.com/brands  
In line with its Strategy NUMBER ONE > NEXT, the  
BMW Group is increasingly investing in digital services.  
The aim is to develop and successfully operate new  
digital business models with a rigorously customer-  
oriented approach. This enables the BMW Group to  
additionally differentiate itself and underscores the  
attractiveness of its vehicle portfolio. A directly acces-  
sible customer base makes it possible to disseminate  
offers of new products and services, which customers  
can also benefit from after purchasing their vehicles.  
Currently, the range of digital offerings is focused on  
the areas MyCar (e.ꢀg. remote access to vehicle func-  
tions such as air conditioning), MyJourney (e.ꢀg. real-  
time traffic information and parking services), MyLife  
(e. ꢀg . music streaming services) and MyAssistant (BMW  
Intelligent Personal Assistant). The level of interest  
in digital services has grown steadily in recent years.  
The BMW Group’s sales and distribution network  
currently comprises some 3,500 BMW, 1,600 MINI  
and 140 Rolls-Royce dealerships worldwide. Sales are  
conducted via independent authorised distributors,  
branch offices of the BMW Group, subsidiaries, and  
independent import companies in some markets.  
BMW i remains on road to success  
The BMWi offers not only trendsetting vehicle con-  
cepts but also connected mobility services and a new  
understanding of premium, which is determined in  
particular by sustainability. The all-electric BMW  
i
3
*
* Fuel  
consumption  
and CO emis-  
2
sions informa-  
tion are available  
on page 108.  
has meanwhile established itself as one of the most  
successful electric vehicles in its segment. With a cell  
capacity increased to 120 ampere hours (Ah) and a  
current gross energy content of 42.2 kilowatt hours  
BMW broadens model range  
(
kWh), a new generation of high-voltage batteries  
is helping the BMW * and its sporty sister model  
the BMW s* to extend its reach by about 30% to  
During the year under report, BMW launched a total  
of five new models and also introduced two model  
revisions as well as two new variants of BMW M  
vehicles worldwide. The new BMW X2 went on  
sale at dealerships in March 2018, followed by the  
i
3
i
3
travel longer distances of up to 260 km. The entire  
production chain is supplied with green energy for  
both of these models and they are also 95% recyclable.  
i8 Roadster* in May. The new X4 became available  
to customers in July. The fourth generation of the  
successful BMW X5 model and the new BMW 8 Series  
Coupé were both launched in November. The Active  
Tourer and Gran Tourer models of the BMW 2 Series  
both underwent model revisions in the year under report,  
Since its market launch in 2014, the BMW  
one of the best-selling hybrid sports cars. Launched  
in 2018, the new BMW Roadster* offers an emotional  
combination of electric mobility and the experience of  
open-top driving. Apart from its remarkable design,  
pioneering technologies and sustainable mobility  
concept, it stands above all for the driving pleasure  
typically epitomised by BMW.  
i8 has been  
i
8
and BMW M GmbH added the M2 and M5 Competition  
as well as the M3 CS* variants to its portfolio.  
Highest-ever number of deliveries for BMW M  
The year 2018 was the most successful in the history  
In addition to its BMW i vehicles, in 2018 the  
BMW Group successfully offered a range of six BMW  
plug-in hybrid models and one MINI plug-in* world-  
wide. The BMW Group is committed to providing flex-  
ible platforms where customers have the free choice of  
drivetrain system depending on their personal pref-  
erence. The advantage for the BMW Group lies in its  
flexible response to uncertain demand developments  
and the best possible utilisation of plant capacity.  
of BMW M GmbH. The main contributors to BMW M  
deliveries in the High Performance segment, apart  
from the M *, were again the BMW and M models  
as well as the new BMW *. Within the Performance  
segment, the new BMW X3 M40i* accounted for the  
majority of deliveries. The strong demand at BMW  
also led to growth in BMW M certified dealerships.  
During 2018, their number grew to more than 1,000  
certified dealerships worldwide.  
2
M
3
4
M
5
M
As a systems provider, BMWi provides its customers  
with solutions that go far beyond the vehicle itself:  
BMWi 360° ELECTRIC and ChargeNow are compre-  
hensive service offerings for charging both at home  
and away from home. Energy services such as grid  
integration for electric vehicles and battery storage  
applications are also available. Additional offerings  
include charging technologies such as inductive charg-  
ing as well as charging infrastructure projects such as  
the super-fast charging network Ionity.  
Apart from the M vehicles, BMW M GmbH also offers  
special driving safety training courses under the brand  
name BMW Driving Experience. During the financial  
year 2018, more than 25,000 participants completed  
training courses in Germany alone. Demand for the  
training courses also grew internationally. Accordingly,  
the international network partner of BMW M was  
expanded to include China and South Africa. Alto-  
gether, the BMW Driving Experience trained around  
105,000 participants at international training locations  
in 2018.  
6
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
MINI achieves second-best year  
In these times of digitalisation, the focus is on the  
mobility and service requirements of premium  
customers. Using digitalised channels such as BMW  
Connected, customers are able to view their vehicle  
status and also make use of functions outside the  
vehicle. Offers and interactions connected with  
services, maintenance and repairs can therefore be  
synchronised via all customer channels (physically,  
online or via the vehicle).  
In 2018, due to external factors, the MINI brand was  
unable to quite match the high level of deliveries seen  
the previous year. In particular, a changed competitive  
environment caused by the conversion to the new  
WLTP testing cycle played a decisive role. Uncertainty  
also arose from ongoing trade disputes. In several  
markets, this led to considerable sales disruptions  
and unexpectedly fierce competition. Nevertheless,  
MINI managed to increase its share for small and  
compact cars in the premium segment compared to  
the previous year in more than 60% of its markets.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Sales and Marketing  
Workforce  
Since 2018, MINI Yours Customized has enabled its  
customers to personalise their interior products via  
3
D printing and order them directly online. This  
The second generation of the MINI Countryman in  
particular remains a cornerstone of the MINI brand.  
Deliveries increased significantly year-on-year, with  
the highly successful plug-in hybrid model making  
a key contribution. Moreover, the MINI Convertible  
was one of the best-selling vehicles of its kind in a  
competitive market. Demand for the John Cooper  
Works models also remained high, with a new record  
share of total MINI deliveries.  
service was given the German Innovation Award in  
the category “Excellence in Business to Consumer”.  
BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant  
In September 2018, the BMW Group introduced  
the Intelligent Personal Assistant, which has been  
available in the first vehicles and in the Connected  
app as from March 2019. It explains the workings  
of the vehicle to the customer and enables access to  
functions and information by voice control. The assis-  
tant supports drivers, learns their preferences and  
knows their preferred settings, such as seat heating or  
frequently used navigation destinations. The abilities  
of the self-learning personal assistant are supported  
by artificial intelligence and continuously enhanced.  
Rolls-Royce Cullinan* successfully  
takes to the road  
* Fuel  
consumption  
and CO emis-  
2
sions informa-  
tion are available  
on page 108.  
Launched in November 2018, the new Cullinan* is  
the first Rolls-Royce to exhibit outstanding driving  
characteristics both on and off the road. At its world  
première in May and the press event in October, the  
Cullinan* was extremely well received by customers  
and international media representatives alike. The  
top-of-the-range model, the Rolls-Royce Phantom*,  
which has been on the market since the beginning  
of 2018, is extremely popular and contributed sig-  
nificantly to the record year for Rolls-Royce Motor  
Cars. At Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the term bespoke  
refers to equipment configurations with which the  
vehicles are highly individualised in accordance with  
customer requirements. The result is the creation of  
unique vehicles that make a major contribution to  
the company’s success and secure Rolls-Royce Motor  
Cars an outstanding position in the luxury segment.  
BMW enters Formula E  
In December 2018, at the beginning of the fifth sea-  
son, BMW i Andretti Motorsport entered the ABB  
FIA Formula E Championship as a works team. The  
drivetrain of the racing car was developed in close  
collaboration with the engineers of BMWi and BMW  
Motorsport and embodies the technology transfer  
between motor racing and series development like  
no other motorsport project before it. Apart from  
its sporting commitment, BMWi remains an official  
partner of Formula E and, within the scope of this  
partnership, provides the support vehicle fleet, includ-  
ing the BMWi8 Coupé* as a safety car for the races.  
Enhancement and customisation  
of the services business  
The BMW Group’s services business again recorded  
significant growth in the year under report. In  
order to achieve this, continuous investments are  
being made in a sustainable, flexible, global logistics  
network that can optimally supply customers with  
spare parts, accessories and lifestyle products on a  
worldwide basis.  
6
1
Workforce  
Realignment of dual vocational training  
www.bmwgroup.com  
The realignment of the dual vocational training system  
launched in the previous year moved to the implemen-  
tation phase during 2018. At the start of training in  
2018, three new training profiles were introduced at  
the German plant locations, namely for IT applications  
development, IT systems integration, and electronics  
for automation technology. Moreover, a new training  
programme was established with twelve dual courses  
of study, in which recruits can acquire a bachelor’s  
degree in STEM subjects (science, technology, engi-  
neering and mathematics). At the same time, new  
teaching content was added to existing job profiles  
and appropriate technical equipment acquired. Meas-  
ures were also initiated at international locations to  
restructure fields of expertise, focusing on automation  
technology, robotics and additive manufacturing  
processes. The total number of apprentices and  
participants in development programmes for young  
Slight increase in workforce  
At 31 December 2018, the BMW Group had a world-  
wide workforce of 134,682 employees, a slight increase  
%) compared to the end of previous financial  
(+3.7  
year (2017: 129,932 employees). The increase was  
partly attributable to the further expansion of the  
global production network. Moreover, in conjunction  
with the implementation of the Group’s Strategy  
NUMBER ONE  
> NEXT, a growing number of experts  
continued to be hired in future-oriented fields such as  
artificial intelligence and autonomous driving, electric  
mobility, smart production and logistics, as well as  
data analysis, software architecture, agile software  
development and innovative drivetrain systems.  
talent increased slightly to 4,964 (2017: 4,750; +4.5%).  
BMW Group employees  
38  
BMW Group apprentices at 31 December  
3
1.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Change in %  
39  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
FinancialꢀServices  
Other  
121,994  
3,709  
117,664  
3,506  
3.7  
5.8  
2.5  
1.7  
3.7  
4
,964  
8,860  
8,645  
4
,700  
4,750  
5
2
0
,000  
,500  
4,595  
4,613  
119  
117  
Group  
134,682  
129,932  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
High level of investment in employee qualification  
Spending on training and development increased to  
€ꢀ373 million year-on-year (2017: €ꢀ349 million; +6.9%).  
By training its workforce in areas such as electric  
mobility, robotics, data analysis and artificial intel-  
ligence, the BMW Group is creating an important  
foundation for the future success of its Strategy  
NUMBER ONE > NEXT. Managers are also closely  
involved in training and are prepared in the areas  
of transformation process design and leadership in  
agile organisations.  
6
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMW Group remains a highly attractive employer  
In 2018, the BMW Group was once again ranked  
among the world’s most attractive employers. In the  
latest “World’s Most Attractive Employers” rankings  
published by the agency Universum, the BMW Group  
was once again named the most attractive automotive  
company in the world.  
Diversity as a competitive factor  
Diversity is a key factor in ensuring the BMW Group’s  
continued competitiveness. Emphasis is placed on  
the three aspects of gender, cultural background and  
ageꢀ/ꢀexperience. The aim is to ensure equal opportu-  
nities for all employees and at the same time utilise  
and promote the diversity of the Group’s workforce.  
To achieve this end, a broad array of measures was  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Review of Operations  
Workforce  
Sustainability  
In the period under report, BMW Group China was  
also named the most attractive employer in the auto-  
motive industry in both the local Universum Students  
Survey and the Zhaopin Most Attractive Employer  
Award.  
implemented within the BMW Group during 2018.  
Further information on this topic is also provided in  
the Sustainable Value Report 2018  
.
www.bmwgroup.com/svr  
The proportion of women in the workforce as a whole,  
as well as in management functions and young talent  
development programmes, increased during the finan-  
cial year under report. The percentage of women in the  
The Group also came out top again in Trendence’s  
Young Professional Barometer Germany. In the Tren-  
dence Graduate Study Germany, the BMW Group  
retained first place in the business management and  
engineering target groups and improved its position  
for the IT target group, where it moved into second  
place. It also improved its rankings in the Universum  
study “Young Professionals Germany”, finishing first,  
second and third in the categories Business, Engineer-  
ing and IT respectively. Based on the overall results of  
studies across all sectors, the BMW Group remained  
total BMW Group workforce rose to 19.9% (BMWAG:  
16.5%), above the internal target range of 15 to 17%.  
The number of women in management functions rose  
to 17.2% across the BMW Group (BMWAG: 15.1%).  
In the year under report, female representation in the  
BMW Group’s trainee and student programmes stood  
at 44% and 28% respectively.  
one of the world’s highest-ranked companies in 2018  
.
Proportion of female employees in manage-  
ment functions at BMW AG / BMW Group*  
41  
Employee attrition rate at BMW AG*  
in %  
40  
as a percentage of workforce  
1
9
0
8
17.2  
15.1  
1
6.0  
1
5.3  
1
12.5  
4.3  
1
4.0  
BMWꢀGroup 13.5  
BMWꢀAG 11.3  
13.3  
7.0  
3
0
.5  
2.78  
2
.70  
2.64  
2
.08  
1.41  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
2
014  
2015  
2016  
2017  
2018  
*Sinceꢀ2017ꢀincludingꢀmaternityꢀleave.  
*
ꢀNumberꢀofꢀemployeesꢀonꢀunlimitedꢀemploymentꢀcontractsꢀleavingꢀtheꢀCompany.  
The Group’s workforce is becoming increasingly  
international. Employees from over 110 countries  
work together successfully for BMWAG. Moreover, a  
balanced age structure in the workforce encourages  
an exchange of ideas and knowledge between gen-  
erations and plays a key role in reducing the loss of  
know-how when valuable employees retire.  
6
3
Sustainability  
Stakeholder dialogues and materiality analysis as  
basis for sustainability management  
www.bmwgroup.com/responsibility  
The BMW Group is in continual dialogue with a large  
number of stakeholders, both in Germany and abroad.  
Stakeholder feedback provides the BMW Group with  
a clear picture of how current trends are changing  
the business environment and is incorporated in the  
strategic considerations of the Company. For example,  
in the course of 2018, stakeholder dialogue events on  
the topics of urban mobility and digitalisation were  
held in Los Angeles, Melbourne, Shenzhen, Rotter-  
dam and Berlin.  
In order to secure its future existence, the BMW Group  
consistently integrates sustainability in its business  
model. The Company sees global challenges such as  
climate change and urbanisation as opportunities  
to drive innovation. In its constant endeavours, the  
BMW Group concentrates on three main fields:  
The development of products and services  
that provide sustainable individual mobility  
(
e.ꢀg. electric mobility and services such as  
As part of a regular materiality analysis, social chal-  
lenges are continually monitored and analysed in  
order to gauge their significance, from the point of  
view of both external and internal stakeholders. The  
results of the materiality analysis are described in  
greater detail in the Sustainable Value Report 2018.  
DriveNow and ReachNow)  
The efficient use of resources along the entire  
value chain  
 Responsibility towards employees and society  
Further information on sustainability within the  
BMW Group and related topics is provided in the  
Sustainable Value Report 2018, which is published  
Top rankings in sustainability ratings  
The BMW Group again achieved top rankings in  
prestigious sustainability ratings in 2018, thereby  
underlining its leading position as a sustainable  
enterprise. In the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices  
online at  
www.bmwgroup.com/svr.  
Through its sustainability policy, the BMW Group  
supports the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable  
Development Goals (SDG), which were adopted in  
September 2015.  
(DJSI) rating, the BMW Group is the only German  
automobile maker to have been included once again  
in the two indices “World” and “Europe” and has  
been continuously represented since the indices were  
established in 1999. In the CDP rating (formerly the  
Carbon Disclosure Project), the Group achieved the  
category “Leadership” with a rating of A– in the year  
under report. Furthermore, the Group was again listed  
in the British FTSE4Good Index in 2018.  
The Sustainable Value Report is published together  
with the Annual Report and is drawn up in accordance  
with the “Comprehensive” option of the standards  
of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). This is the  
highest level of transparency set out in the GRI stand-  
ards, in which all relevant information and indicators  
of the aspects identified as material are reported on.  
The Sustainable Value Report is drawn up subject to  
a limited assurance engagement in accordance with  
IASE 3000 (International Standard on Assurance  
Engagements 3000 (Revised): “Assurance Engage-  
ments other than Audits or Reviews of Historical  
Financial Information”).  
Fleet CO emissions at previous year’s level  
2
The development of sustainable products and services  
is an integral part of the BMW Group’s business model.  
The fleet-wide deployment of Efficient Dynamics  
technologies and electrification are contributing to a  
continual reduction in CO2 emissions. The electrifica  
-
tion of the fleet continued to make progress in 2018.  
Due to the expansion of the model range, deliveries  
of electrified BMW Group vehicles in 2018 increased  
Based on the requirements of the German CSR Direc-  
tive Implementation Act, BMWAG has been required  
since the financial year 2017 to publish a non-financial  
declaration at both Company and Group level. The  
declaration is published jointly for BMWAG and the  
BMW Group as a separate combined non-financial  
report within the Sustainable Value Report.  
significantly and, at 142  
viously announced target of 140  
,
617 units, surpassed the pre-  
000 units. Efficient  
,
Dynamics and electrification form the basis for future  
compliance with statutory CO2 and fuel consumption  
limits going forward. The BMW Group has reduced  
the CO2 emissions of its newly sold vehicles in Europe  
by approximately 42% between 1995 and 2018.  
The separate combined non-financial report is availa-  
ble online within the Sustainable Value Report 2018  
at  
www.bmwgroup.com/svr.  
6
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
In 2018, the BMW Group’s fleet of new vehicles sold  
in Europe (EU 28) had an average fuel consumption of  
.9 litres of diesel and 6.0 litres of petrol per 100 km  
respectively. CO emissions averaged 128 gꢀ/ꢀkm  
Sustainability along the value chain  
-
Sustainability criteria also play a key role in the selec-  
tion and assessment of suppliers. The BMW Group has  
therefore comprehensively integrated sustainability  
management in its purchasing processes. This also  
includes greater transparency, which results from  
close collaboration between the Group and its sup-  
pliers. The BMW Group is also involved in initiatives  
aimed at standardising sustainability requirements  
and establishing verification mechanisms for critical  
raw materials.  
4
Report on  
Economic Position  
2
Review of Operations  
Sustainability  
(
adjusted value for 2017: 128 gꢀ/ꢀkm). Despite a further  
decline in the share of diesel vehicles, the figure was in  
line with the previous year, also thanks to a significant  
growth in deliveries of electrified models.  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Clean production  
In 2018, at 2.12 MWh per vehicle produced, the  
BMW Group slightly reduced the amount of energy  
consumed in the production process compared with  
the previous year (2017: 2.17 MWh; –2.3%). This was  
mainly due to the use of a new painting technology  
at various locations, such as at the Munich plant, and  
the installation of LED lighting throughout the entire  
production network.  
Sustainability in human resources policies  
In 2018, the BMW Group continued to consolidate  
its position as one of the most attractive employers  
worldwide. Its leading role in terms of sustainability  
contributes significantly to the high degree of employee  
loyalty within the BMW Group and is one of the  
reasons for the low staff attrition rate. This enables  
the BMW Group to maintain a low level of personnel  
recruitment expenditure. Further information is  
provided in the section Workforce.  
Through measures to boost energy efficiency and  
the purchase and in-house generation of electricity  
from renewable sources at BMW Group manufactur-  
ing sites, production-related CO emissions fell by  
2
2
.4% to 0.40 tonnes per vehicle produced in the year  
under report compared with the previous year (2017:  
.41 tonnes).  
Social engagement  
0
Social engagement is firmly anchored in the  
BMW Group’s understanding of its corporate role.  
As a globally operating company, the BMW Group  
assumes responsibility and is concerned with current  
social challenges. Its commitment focuses on long-  
term solutions that are internationally applicable and  
have a long-term impact according to the principle of  
“helping people to help themselves”. In doing so, the  
company concentrates on its core competencies, such  
as intercultural understanding, social inclusion and  
the conservation of resources.  
In 2018, at 2.39  per vehicle produced, water  
consumption was slightly higher than the previous  
year’s level (2017: 2.22 m³; +7.7%). This was mainly  
due to above-average temperatures at the sites, which  
had a direct impact on water consumption. The non-  
recyclable waste from production processes rose to  
4.27 kg per vehicle produced during the reporting  
period (2017: 3.86 kg; +10.6%). This was mainly due  
to a change in the structure of the waste disposal  
companies at the Shenyang site. As a result, specific  
waste streams, such as sludge from the wastewater  
treatment plant, could not be recycled in the year  
under report. Additionally, the high moisture content  
from household waste at the plant in Rosslyn, South  
Africa hindered recycling.  
6
5
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS,  
FINANCIAL POSITION AND  
NET ASSETS  
Results of operations  
Deliveries of BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce brand  
vehicles during the financial year 2018 increased  
slightly by 1.1% year-on-year to 2,490,664 units. The  
figure includes 459,581 units (2017: 384,124 units)  
manufactured by the joint venture BMW Brilliance  
Automotive Ltd., Shenyang.  
BMW Group condensed income statement  
42  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
Change in %  
Revenues  
97,480  
– 78,924  
18,556  
98,282  
– 78,329  
19,953  
– 0.8  
– 0.8  
– 7.0  
Cost of sales  
Gross profit  
Sellingꢀandꢀadministrativeꢀexpenses  
Other operating income and expenses  
Profit before financial result  
– 9,558  
123  
– 9,560  
– 494  
9,121  
9,899  
– 7.9  
Financial result  
694  
776  
–10.6  
Profit before tax  
9,815  
10,675  
– 8.1  
Income taxes  
– 2,575  
7,240  
– 33  
– 2,000  
8,675  
– 28.8  
–16.5  
Profit from continuing operations  
Lossꢀfromꢀdiscontinuedꢀoperations  
Net profit  
7,207  
8,675  
–16.9  
Earnings per share of common stock in €  
Earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
10.82  
10.84  
13.07  
13.09  
–17.2  
–17.2  
in %  
2018  
2017*  
Change in %pts  
Pre-taxꢀreturnꢀonꢀsales  
Post-taxꢀreturnꢀonꢀsales  
Gross margin  
10.1  
7.4  
10.9  
8.8  
– 0.8  
–1.4  
–1.3  
7.5  
19.0  
26.2  
20.3  
18.7  
Effective tax rate  
*
ꢀPriorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
The BMW Group had a worldwide workforce of  
34,682 employees at the end of the reporting period  
31 December 2017: 129,932 employees).  
positive effect of the growth in vehicle deliveries. The  
currency impact was mainly attributable to changes in  
the exchange rates of the US dollar, Chinese renminbi,  
Russian rouble and Australian dollar against the euro.  
The net amount reported for other operating income  
and expenses had a positive effect. Profit before tax  
for the year ended 31 December 2018 was moderately  
down on the previous year.  
1
(
Gross profit for the twelve-month period under report  
fell moderately year-on-year. A combination of higher  
research and development expenses, intense com-  
petition and currency effects more than offset the  
6
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Due to currency effects, BMW Group revenues  
remained at a similar level to the previous year.  
Adjusted for currency factors, revenues grew slightly  
on the back of higher delivery volumes and a good  
financing portfolio performance. The positive impact  
of volume growth was held down by intense compe-  
tition on the markets. The unexpectedly high level  
of competition was due in particular to the reaction of  
competitors to the early implementation of WLTP  
regulations. Trade conflicts and uncertainties also  
exacerbated the situation and had an unfavourable  
impact on selling prices.  
Group revenues by region were as follows:  
Report on  
Economic Position  
BMW Group revenues by region  
• 43  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
in %  
2018  
2017*  
Europe  
46.1  
30.9  
20.2  
2.8  
46.0  
30.2  
20.8  
3.0  
Asia  
Americas  
Other regions  
Group  
100.0  
100.0  
BMW Group cost of sales  
44  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
Change in %  
Manufacturing costs  
43,262  
23,383  
2,051  
43,442  
22,932  
1,801  
4,920  
1,236  
2,081  
2,097  
2,857  
78,329  
– 0.4  
2.0  
Costꢀofꢀsalesꢀrelatingꢀtoꢀfinancialꢀservicesꢀbusiness  
thereofꢀinterestꢀexpenseꢀrelatingꢀtoꢀfinancialꢀservicesꢀbusiness  
Research and development expenses  
thereof amortisation of capitalised development costs  
Serviceꢀcontracts,ꢀtelematicsꢀandꢀroadsideꢀassistance  
Warrantyꢀexpenses  
13.9  
8.1  
5,320  
1,414  
14.4  
7.4  
2,234  
1,729  
2,996  
78,924  
–17.5  
4.9  
Other cost of sales  
Cost of sales  
0.8  
The Group’s cost of sales were in line with the  
previous year. Higher research and development  
expenses as well as higher cost of sales relating to  
financial services business were offset by positive  
currency effects. Inter-segment eliminations reduced  
the Group’s warranty expense for the year.  
BMW Group performance indicators relating to research and development expenses  
45  
in %  
2018  
2017*  
Change in %pts  
Research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues  
Research and development expenditure ratio  
Capitalisation rate  
5.5  
7.1  
5.0  
6.2  
0.5  
0.9  
3.6  
43.3  
39.7  
*
Priorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
6
7
Due to a continuation of the product initiative, vehicle  
electrification and development work on autonomous  
The financial result dropped by €ꢀ82 million to €ꢀ694 mil-  
lion and was therefore significantly down on the pre-  
vious year, partly due to a €ꢀ107 million deterioration  
in the result from equity accounted investments.  
The main factors here were the €ꢀ183 million positive  
earnings effect in the previous year arising on the  
sale of shares in HERE International B.ꢀV., Amsterdam,  
offset by a €ꢀ107 million improvement in the earnings  
contribution from BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
on the back of higher volumes. The financial result  
for the financial year 2018 was also influenced by the  
change in other financial result. The previous year’s  
figure contained the positive effect of fair value meas-  
urement gains on commodity derivatives totalling  
€ꢀ236 million. As a result of the first-time application of  
IFRS 9, most of these effects – without the adjustment  
to comparative figures – are now recognised directly  
in equity. Unlike the result from equity accounted  
investments and the other financial result, both the  
result on investments and the net interest result had  
a positive impact on earnings in the financial year  
under report. The result on investments included a  
gain of €209 million arising in conjunction with the  
revaluation of the DriveNow companies.  
driving, research and development expenses amount  
-
ed to €ꢀ 320 million (2017: €ꢀ 920 million), a solid  
5
,
4,  
increase over the previous year. As a result, total  
research and development expenditure – comprising  
research costs, non-capitalised development costs and  
capitalised development costs (excluding amortisation  
thereon) – amounted to €ꢀ6,890 million in the year  
under report (2017: €6,108 million). The higher level  
of capitalised development costs was mainly related  
to the production start of new models, modules and  
architectures.  
At €ꢀ9,558 million, selling and administrative expenses  
were similar to one year earlier.  
Depreciation and amortisation on property, plant  
and equipment and intangible assets recorded in cost  
of sales and in selling and administrative expenses  
totalled €ꢀ5,113 million (2017: €ꢀ4,822 million).  
The net amount of other operating income and  
expenses improved significantly from negative  
€ꢀ494 million to positive €ꢀ123 million, mainly due to  
lower allocations to provisions for litigation.  
Overall, profit before tax decreased moderately to  
9,815 million (2017: €ꢀ10,675 million).  
Profit before financial result (EBIT) fell by €ꢀ778 million  
to €ꢀ9,121 million (2017: €ꢀ9,899 million).  
The income tax expense for the year amounted to  
2,575 million (2017: €ꢀ2,000 million).  
6
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Results of operations by segment  
BMW Group revenues by segment  
• 46  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Currency adjusted  
1
2
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
change in %  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
FinancialꢀServices  
Other Entities  
Eliminations  
Group  
85,846  
2,173  
28,165  
6
85,742  
2,272  
0.1  
– 4.4  
2.2  
2.2  
–1.4  
4.5  
27,567  
7
–14.3  
– 8.1  
– 0.8  
– 7.6  
11.1  
1.2  
–18,710  
97,480  
–17,306  
98,282  
BMW Group profit / loss before tax by segment  
47  
1
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
FinancialꢀServices  
Other Entities  
Eliminations  
Group  
6,977  
169  
8,717  
205  
– 20.0  
–17.6  
– 2.1  
2,161  
– 45  
2,207  
80  
553  
– 534  
10,675  
9,815  
– 8.1  
BMW Group margins by segment  
48  
1
in %  
2018  
2017  
Change in %pts  
Automotive  
Grossꢀprofitꢀmargin  
EBITꢀmargin  
16.2  
7.2  
19.1  
9.2  
– 2.9  
– 2.0  
Motorcycles  
Grossꢀprofitꢀmargin  
EBITꢀmargin  
1
20.0  
8.1  
20.9  
9.1  
– 0.9  
–1.0  
Priorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
2
Theꢀadjustmentꢀforꢀexchangeꢀrateꢀfactorsꢀisꢀcalculatedꢀbyꢀapplyingꢀtheꢀrelevantꢀcurrentꢀexchangeꢀratesꢀtoꢀtheꢀpriorꢀyearꢀfigures.  
6
9
Automotive segment  
Financial Services segment  
Automotive segment revenues remained at a similar  
level to the previous year due to currency factors.  
Adjusted for currency factors, they rose slightly, par-  
tially as a result of higher delivery volumes. Despite  
the volume growth achieved, market competition  
intensified to an unexpectedly high level, mainly  
reflecting the reaction of competitors to the early  
implementation of WLTP regulations. Trade conflicts  
and other uncertainties also exacerbated the situation  
and had an unfavourable impact on selling prices. The  
segment’s cost of sales went up slightly year-on-year,  
with higher research and development expenses as  
well as raw materials costs contributing to the increase.  
Additions to provisions in connection with goodwill  
and warranty measures also had an effect on cost of  
sales. Warranty expenses include the accrued expense  
for vehicle recall actions, the cost of which is expected  
to exceed amounts previously recognised. In this  
context, a figure of €ꢀ793 million was allocated to the  
warranty provision, partially in connection with the  
exhaust gas recirculation cooler. The lower volume  
of ongoing warranty expenditure compared with the  
previous year had a positive impact.  
Despite unfavourable foreign currency translation  
effects, Financial Services segment revenues rose  
slightly year-on-year on the back of portfolio growth.  
Cost of sales relating to financial services business  
increased by €ꢀ555 million (2017: €ꢀ23,986 million).  
The net amount of other operating income and  
expenses deteriorated from negative €ꢀ17 million to  
negative €ꢀ82 million. The decline was mainly due to  
higher expenses for litigation.  
The segment’s risk profile remained stable during the  
financial year 2018. Whereas price levels on the North  
American pre-owned vehicle market improved slightly,  
residual values for pre-owned vehicles in Germany  
dropped slightly, mainly because of the debate on  
diesel bans in a number of cities.  
Profit before tax in the Financial Services segment was  
slightly down on the previous year, primarily due to  
negative foreign currency translation effects.  
Other Entities segmentꢀ/ꢀEliminations  
At €ꢀ  
7
,
880 million, selling and administrative expenses  
Profit before tax in the Other Entities segment fell  
significantly year-on-year. Among other things, higher  
administrative expenses arising in connection with  
the adjustment to the existing pension obligation  
in the UK (Guaranteed Minimum Pension) had a  
negative impact. In addition, lower market interest  
rates caused the net interest result to deteriorate.  
Inter-segment eliminations increased Group profit  
before tax by €ꢀ553 million in the financial year 2018,  
were similar to one year earlier.  
The net amount of other operating income and  
expenses improved from negative €ꢀ525 million to  
positive €ꢀ134 million in the year under report, mainly  
due to lower allocations to provisions for litigation.  
At €ꢀ795 million, the Automotive segment’s financial  
result was slightly down on the previous year, influ-  
enced by the factors described above for the Group.  
a year-on-year improvement of €ꢀ1,087 million. This  
was mainly due to the positive impact of reversals in  
conjunction with the strong portfolio growth of prior  
years for leased products and the favourable effect of  
lower margin eliminations in 2018.  
Profit before tax for the year was significantly lower  
than one year earlier.  
Motorcycles segment  
Motorcycles segment revenues decreased slightly year-  
on-year, mainly due to the ramp-up situation caused  
by multiple model changes and compounded by a  
combination of product mix and currency effects.  
Profit before tax for the twelve-month period was  
significantly lower than one year earlier.  
7
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Financial position  
statements correspond to the amounts disclosed in  
the balance sheet.  
The consolidated cash flow statements for the Group  
and the Automotive and Financial Services segments  
show the sources and applications of cash flows  
for the financial years 2018 and 2017, classified  
according to operating, investing and financing  
activities. Cash and cash equivalents in the cash flow  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Cash flows from operating activities are determined  
indirectly, starting with Group and segment net profit.  
By contrast, cash flows from investing and financing  
activities are based on actual payments and receipts.  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
BMW Group cash flows  
49  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Change  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀoperatingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀinvestingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀfinancingꢀactivities  
Effects of exchange rate and changes in composition of Group  
Change in cash and cash equivalents  
5,051  
– 7,363  
4,296  
– 44  
5,909  
– 6,163  
1,572  
– 858  
–1,200  
2,724  
115  
–159  
1,940  
1,159  
781  
The decrease in cash inflow from the Group’s operat-  
ing activities was due to the lower net profit for the  
year and higher working capital. The lower increase  
in receivables from financial services compared to the  
previous year had an offsetting effect.  
The higher level of cash outflow from the Group’s  
investing activities mainly reflects a rise in invest-  
ments in intangible assets and property, plant and  
equipment, increased expenditure for investment  
assets (primarily relating to the acquisition of the  
DriveNow companies) and lower proceeds from the  
disposal of investment assets. The decreased level of  
investments in marketable securities and investment  
funds had an offsetting effect.  
The increase in cash inflow from the Group’s financing  
activities resulted mainly from the issue of bonds and  
from new loans taken up. The repayment of commer-  
cial paper had an offsetting effect.  
The cash outflow from investing activities exceeded the  
cash inflow from operating activities by €ꢀ2,312 million  
in the financial year 2018. In the previous year, the  
shortfall had been lower at €ꢀ254 million.  
7
1
BMW Group change in cash and cash equivalents  
50  
in € million  
15,000  
10,000  
5,000  
0
+ꢀ5,051  
15,000  
10,000  
5,000  
0
+
ꢀ4,296  
10,979  
9,039  
– 44  
7,363  
Cash and  
cash  
equivalents  
Cash inflow  
from  
operating  
activities  
Cash outflow  
from  
investing  
activities  
Cash inflow  
from  
financing  
activities  
Currency  
translation,  
changes in  
Cash and  
cash  
equivalents  
31.12. 2018  
3
1.12. 2017  
Group composition  
Free cash flow for the Automotive segment was as  
follows:  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
51  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Change  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀoperatingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀinvestingꢀactivities  
Adjustmentꢀforꢀnetꢀinvestmentꢀinꢀmarketableꢀsecuritiesꢀandꢀinvestmentꢀfunds  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
9,352  
– 6,769  
130  
10,848  
–1,496  
– 225  
– 6,544  
155  
– 25  
2,713  
4,459  
–1,746  
The decrease in cash inflow from the Automotive  
segment’s operating activities was mainly due to a  
combination of lower net profit for the year and higher  
working capital. Cash outflow from investing activities  
was influenced in particular by higher disbursements  
for investments in intangible assets and property,  
plant and equipment.  
7
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
In the Automotive segment, net financial assets com-  
prised the following:  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Net financial assets Automotive segment  
• 52  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Change  
Cash and cash equivalents  
8,631  
4,321  
7,157  
4,336  
1,474  
–15  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Intragroupꢀnetꢀfinancialꢀassets  
Financial assets  
7,694  
9,774  
– 2,080  
– 621  
20,646  
21,267  
Less:ꢀexternalꢀfinancialꢀliabilities*  
–1,158  
19,488  
–1,480  
322  
Net financial assets Automotive segment  
19,787  
– 299  
*
ꢀExcludingꢀderivativeꢀfinancialꢀinstruments.  
Net cash inflows and outflows for the Financial Ser-  
vices segment were as follows:  
Net cash flows for the Financial Services segment  
53  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Change  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀoperatingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀinvestingꢀactivities  
Cashꢀinflowꢀ(+)ꢀ/ꢀoutflowꢀ(–)ꢀfromꢀfinancingꢀactivities  
Net  
– 6,790  
130  
– 6,384  
937  
– 406  
– 807  
2,459  
1,246  
6,793  
133  
4,334  
–1,113  
The increase in cash outflow from the Financial Ser-  
vices segment’s operating activities was mainly due to  
the lower net profit for the year. The decrease in cash  
inflow from investing activities was largely attributable  
to cash proceeds received in the previous year from  
the disposal of investments and other business units  
(
€ꢀ970 million). Cash inflow from financing activities  
was mainly driven by new loans raised and an increase  
in asset-backed securities financing.  
7
3
Refinancing  
On account of its good ratings and the high level  
of acceptance it enjoys on capital markets, the  
BMW Group was again able to refinance operations  
at favourable conditions on debt capital markets  
during the financial year 2018. In addition to bonds,  
loan notes and private placements, the Group also  
issued commercial paper. As in previous years, all  
issues were in high demand, not only from private  
investors but also in particular from institutional  
investors. In addition, retail customer and dealership  
financing receivables as well as rights and obligations  
from leasing contracts are securitised in the form of  
asset-backed securities (ABS) financing arrangements.  
Specific banking instruments, such as the customer  
deposits used by the Group’s own banks in Germany  
and the USA, are also employed for financing purposes.  
In addition, loans are taken from international banks.  
A broad range of instruments on international money  
and capital markets is used to refinance worldwide  
operations. Funds raised are used almost exclusively to  
finance the BMW Group’s Financial Services business.  
The overall objective of Group financing is to ensure  
the solvency of the BMW Group at all times, focusing  
on three areas:  
1
2
3
. The ability to act through permanent access  
to strategically important capital markets  
. Autonomy through the diversification of refi-  
nancing instruments and investors  
. Focus on value through the optimisation of  
financing costs  
Financing measures undertaken at corporate level  
ensure access to liquidity for the Group’s operating  
subsidiaries at standard market conditions and con-  
sistent credit terms. Funds are acquired in line with  
a target liability structure, comprising a balanced  
mix of financing instruments. The use of longer-term  
instruments to fund the Group’s Financial Services  
business and the maintenance of a sufficiently high  
liquidity reserve serves to avoid the liquidity risk in  
the portfolio. This conservative financial approach  
also helps the Group’s rating. Further information  
is provided in the section Liquidity risks within the  
Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities”.  
7
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMW Group composition financial liabilities  
A total of nine public ABS transactions were executed  
in 2018, including three in the USA, two in China and  
one each in Germany, France, Canada and the UK with  
a total volume equivalent to €ꢀ5.9 billion. Further funds  
were also raised via new ABS conduit transactions in  
Japan, the UK, Germany, Canada, Australia and the  
54  
Report on  
Economic Position  
in € million  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Derivateꢀinstruments 1,675  
Other 1,206  
USA amounting to €ꢀ2.7 billion. Other transactions  
remain in place in Germany, Switzerland, South  
Korea, South Africa and Australia, amongst others.  
Commercial paper 2,480  
Liabilitiesꢀtoꢀbanks  
13,196  
Bonds  
The following table provides an overview of amounts  
utilised at 31 December 2018 in connection with the  
BMW Group’s money and capital market programmes:  
5
3,346  
Liabilitiesꢀfromꢀ  
customer deposits  
(
banking) 14,359  
Asset-backedꢀfinancingꢀ  
transactions 17,335  
Programme  
framework  
Amount  
utilised*  
Programme  
in € billion  
EuroꢀMediumꢀTermꢀNotes  
AustralianꢀMediumꢀTermꢀNotes  
CommercialꢀPaper  
50.0  
1.5  
36.6  
13.1  
2.4  
BMW Group financial liabilities by maturity  
55  
*
Measured at exchange rates at the relevant transaction dates.  
in € million  
At 31 December 2018, liquidity remained at a solid  
6
3
0
0,000  
0,000  
level of €ꢀ16.3 billion.  
51,851  
4
3,865  
41,100  
The BMW Group also has access to a syndicated credit  
line, which was newly agreed upon in July 2017. The  
syndicated credit line of €ꢀ8 billion has a minimum  
term up to July 2023 and is being made available by a  
consortium of 44 international banks. The credit line  
was not being utilised at 31 December 2018.  
3
8,825  
12,921  
,683  
9
Maturity (years)  
within  
1
between  
1–5  
later  
than 5  
Further information with respect to financial liabilities  
see is provided in notes 31, 35 and 39 to the Group  
2
017 2018  
2017 2018  
2017 2018  
notes 31,  
5 and 39  
Financial Statements.  
3
In 2018, the BMW Group issued four euro bench-  
mark bonds on the European capital market with a  
total issue volume of €ꢀ  
on the US capital market with a total issue volume  
of US billion. Bonds were also issued in British  
7.3 billion, as well as bonds  
$
7
pounds, Canadian dollars and Chinese renminbi for  
a total amount of €ꢀ1.8 billion. Private placements  
totalling €ꢀ4.1 billion were also issued.  
7
5
Net assets  
BMW Group condensed balance sheet at 31 December  
56  
Group  
Proportion of  
balance sheet  
total in %  
Currency adjusted  
1
2
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Change in %  
change in %  
2018  
Assets  
Intangible assets  
10,971  
19,801  
38,572  
2,624  
9,464  
18,471  
36,257  
2,769  
690  
15.9  
7.2  
15.8  
6.7  
5.2  
9.5  
Property,ꢀplantꢀandꢀequipment  
Leasedꢀproducts  
6.4  
4.6  
18.5  
1.3  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
Other investments  
– 5.2  
7.1  
– 5.2  
6.0  
739  
0.4  
Receivablesꢀfromꢀsalesꢀfinancing  
Financial assets  
86,783  
7,685  
80,434  
10,334  
3,559  
9,115  
12,707  
2,667  
9,039  
7.9  
7.2  
41.4  
3.7  
– 25.6  
–16.9  
29.6  
2.7  
– 26.0  
–19.2  
29.6  
2.7  
Deferredꢀandꢀcurrentꢀtax  
Other assets  
2,956  
1.4  
11,816  
13,047  
2,546  
5.7  
Inventories  
6.2  
Trade receivables  
– 4.5  
21.5  
– 4.5  
21.8  
1.2  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Assetsꢀheldꢀforꢀsale  
Total assets  
10,979  
461  
5.3  
0.2  
208,980  
195,506  
6.9  
6.1  
100.0  
EQUITꢂ AND LIABILITIES  
Equity  
58,088  
2,330  
54,107  
3,252  
7.4  
– 28.4  
–1.2  
– 9.7  
9.5  
7.6  
– 28.6  
– 2.0  
–14.4  
8.2  
27.8  
1.1  
Pensionꢀprovisions  
Other provisions  
11,854  
2,964  
11,999  
3,281  
5.7  
Deferredꢀandꢀcurrentꢀtax  
Financial liabilities  
1.4  
103,597  
9,669  
94,648  
9,731  
49.6  
4.6  
Trade payables  
– 0.6  
10.4  
–1.0  
9.7  
Other liabilities  
20,416  
62  
18,488  
9.8  
Liabilitiesꢀinꢀconjunctionꢀwithꢀassetsꢀheldꢀforꢀsale  
Total equity and liabilities  
1
0.0  
208,980  
195,506  
6.9  
6.1  
100.0  
Priorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
Theꢀadjustmentꢀforꢀexchangeꢀrateꢀfactorsꢀisꢀcalculatedꢀbyꢀapplyingꢀtheꢀrelevantꢀcurrentꢀexchangeꢀratesꢀtoꢀtheꢀpriorꢀyearꢀfigures.  
2
The balance sheet total of the BMW Group increased  
solidly compared to 31 December 2017.  
Leased products also went up solidly year-on-year  
on the back of portfolio growth in various countries,  
including Germany and France. Adjusted for currency  
factors, leased products increased slightly.  
Intangible assets were significantly higher than one  
year earlier, mainly due to the increase in capitalised  
development costs.  
Receivables from sales financing increased solidly  
over the twelve-month period, mainly due to larger  
credit financing volumes in the USA, the UK and  
China. A total of 1,277,207 new credit financing  
Property, plant and equipment rose solidly compared  
to the previous financial year, with investments in the  
X5 and X7 models as well as in the  
contributing to the increase.  
3
Series in particular  
contracts were signed during the financial year 2018.  
Compared to the end of the previous financial year,  
the contract portfolio under management grew by  
7
.0 % to 3,889,344 contracts.  
7
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Financial assets decreased significantly compared  
to 31 December 2017, mainly due to changes in the  
volume of currency derivatives and their fair value  
measurement. Lower fair values as well as a change in  
the volume of commodity derivatives also contributed  
to this development.  
Other assets were significantly higher than one year ear-  
lier. The increase was attributable, among other items,  
to the higher volume of return right assets for future  
leased vehicles in conjunction with the introduction of  
IFRS 15, higher receivables from companies in which  
an investment is held and an increase in prepayments.  
Further information relating to IFRS 15 is provided in  
note 6 to the Group Financial Statements.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
see  
note 6  
Balance sheet structure – Group  
57  
Balance sheet total in € billion  
2
09  
209  
210  
140  
70  
0
196  
196  
210  
140  
70  
2
3
8 %  
8 %  
2
3
8 % Equity  
Non-currentꢀassets 60 %  
6
3
2 %  
8 %  
5 % Non-currentꢀprovisionsꢀandꢀliabilities  
Current assets 40 %  
3
4 %  
37 % Current provisions and liabilities  
thereof cash and cash equivalents 5 %  
5 %  
0
2
018  
2017*  
2018  
2017*  
Balance sheet structure – Automotive segment  
58  
Balance sheet total in € billion  
9
7
97  
1
6
3
0
00  
94  
94  
100  
66  
33  
0
41 %  
18 %  
41 %  
Non-currentꢀassets 47 %  
42 % Equity  
4
6 %  
6
17 % Non-currentꢀprovisionsꢀandꢀliabilities  
3
Current assets 53 %  
54 %  
8 %  
41 % Current provisions and liabilities  
thereof cash and cash equivalents 9 %  
2
018  
2017*  
2018  
2017*  
*
ꢀPriorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
7
7
Group equity rose by €ꢀ  
3
,
981 million to €ꢀ58  
,
088 million,  
increased primarily by the profit of €ꢀ  
7
,117 million  
attributable to shareholders of BMWAG and decreased  
by the dividend payment of €2,630 million.  
BMW Group equity ratio  
59  
in %  
31. 12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
Change in %pts  
Group  
27.8  
41.0  
10.2  
27.7  
42.0  
10.7  
0.1  
–1.0  
– 0.5  
Automotiveꢀsegment  
FinancialꢀServicesꢀsegment  
*
ꢀPriorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
Pension provisions decreased significantly compared  
to the end of the financial year 2017. Higher discount  
rates and lower inflation expectations in Germany and  
the UK as well as a revision of mortality tables in the  
UK contributed to this development.  
Financial liabilities increased solidly compared to the  
end of the previous year, mainly due to the issue of  
new long-term bonds.  
The significant increase in other liabilities includes  
the effect of higher return right liabilities for future  
leased vehicles in conjunction with the introduction of  
IFRS 15. Further information is provided in note 6  
to the Group Financial Statements.  
see  
note 6  
The line items “Assets held for sale” and “Liabilities  
in connection with assets held for sale” relate to the  
discontinued operations of the DriveNow companies.  
Further information is provided in note  
Group Financial Statements.  
2
to the  
see  
note 2  
Overall, the results of operations, financial position  
and net assets position of the BMW Group remained  
stable during the year under report.  
7
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Value added statement  
added benefits employees. The remaining proportion  
in the Group is retained to finance future operations.  
The gross value added amount treats depreciation as  
a component of value added which, in the allocation  
statement, would be treated as internal financing.  
The value added statement shows the value of work  
performed by the BMW Group during the financial  
year, less the value of work bought in. Deprecia-  
tion and amortisation, cost of materials, and other  
expenses are treated as bought-in costs in the value  
added calculation. The allocation statement applies  
value added to each of the participants involved in  
the value added process. The bulk of the net value  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Results of Opera-  
tions, Financial Posi-  
tion and Net Assets  
Net valued added by the BMW Group remained at a  
high level in the financial year 2018.  
BMW Group value added statement  
60  
1
1
2
018  
2018  
in %  
2017  
in € million  
2017  
in %  
Change  
in %  
in € million  
Work perFormed  
Revenues  
97,480  
989  
98.2  
1.0  
98,282  
1,123  
98.2  
1.1  
– 0.8  
–11.9  
7.5  
Financial income  
Other income  
774  
0.8  
720  
0.7  
Total output  
99,243  
100.0  
100,125  
100.0  
– 0.9  
Cost of materials2  
Other expenses  
Bought-in costs  
53,132  
12,924  
66,056  
53.5  
13.1  
66.6  
51,043  
15,630  
66,673  
51.0  
15.6  
66.6  
4.1  
–17.3  
– 0.9  
Gross value added  
33,187  
33.4  
33,452  
33.4  
– 0.8  
Depreciationꢀandꢀamortisationꢀofꢀtotalꢀtangible,ꢀ  
intangible and investment assets  
8,441  
8.5  
8,455  
8.4  
– 0.2  
Net value added  
24,746  
24.9  
24,997  
25.0  
–1.0  
AllocAtion  
Employees  
12,479  
2,283  
2,777  
2,303  
4,814  
90  
50.4  
9.2  
12,052  
2,066  
2,204  
2,630  
5,959  
86  
48.2  
8.3  
3.5  
10.5  
Providersꢀofꢀfinance  
Government / public sector  
Shareholders  
Group  
11.2  
9.3  
8.9  
26.0  
10.5  
23.8  
0.3  
–12.4  
–19.2  
4.7  
19.5  
0.4  
Minority interest  
Net value added  
1
24,746  
100.0  
24,997  
100.0  
–1.0  
Priorꢀyearꢀfiguresꢀadjustedꢀdueꢀtoꢀfirst-timeꢀapplicationꢀofꢀIFRSꢀ15,ꢀseeꢀnoteꢀ6ꢀtoꢀtheꢀGroupꢀFinancialꢀStatements.  
Cost of materials comprises all primary material costs incurred for vehicle production plus ancillary material costs (such as customs duties, insurance premiums and freight).  
2
7
9
BMW Group value added 2018  
61  
in %  
Depreciationꢀandꢀamortisation 8.5  
13.1 Other expenses  
5
0.4 % Employees  
2
4.9 Netꢀvalueꢀadded  
9
.2 % Providersꢀofꢀfinance  
1.2 % Government / public sector  
.3 % Shareholders  
1
9
Cost of materials 53.5  
19.5 % Group  
.4 % Minority interest  
0
8
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
COMMENTS ON FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS OF BMW AG  
Business environment and review of operations  
The general and sector-specific environment of BMWAG  
is essentially the same as that of the BMW Group and is  
described in the Report on Economic Position section  
of the Combined Management Report.  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Comments on  
Financial Statements  
of BMW AG  
BMW AG develops, manufactures and sells automo-  
biles and motorcycles as well as spare parts and acces-  
sories manufactured in-house, by foreign subsidiaries  
and by external suppliers, and performs services  
related to these products. Sales activities are carried  
out primarily through branches, subsidiaries, inde-  
Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG),  
based in Munich, Germany, is the parent company of  
the BMW Group. The comments on the BMW Group  
and Automotive segment provided in earlier sections  
apply to BMWAG, unless presented differently in  
the following section. The Financial Statements of  
BMWAG are drawn up in accordance with the pro-  
visions of the German Commercial Code (HGB) and  
the relevant supplementary provisions contained in  
the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG).  
pendent dealerships and importers. In 2018, BMWAG  
increased automobile deliveries by 25 782 units to  
519 897 units. This figure includes 490 582 units  
,
2
,
,
,
relating to series sets supplied to the joint venture  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd., Shenyang, an  
increase of 93,833 units over the previous year.  
The key financial and non-financial performance  
indicators for BMWAG are essentially identical and  
concurrent with those of the Automotive segment of  
the BMW Group. These are described in detail in the  
Report on Economic Position section of the Combined  
Management Report.  
At 31 December 2018  
of 89,842 people (31 December 2017: 87,940 people).  
, BMWAG employed a workforce  
Differences between the accounting treatment of the  
German Commercial Code and International Financial  
Reporting Standards (IFRS), according to which the  
BMW Group Financial Statements are prepared, are  
mainly to be found in connection with the capitali-  
sation of intangible assets, the creation of valuation  
units, the recognition and measurement of financial  
instruments and provisions as well as the recognition  
of deferred tax assets. Differences also arise in the  
presentation of assets and liabilities and of items in  
the income statement.  
8
1
Results of operations  
BMW AG Income Statement  
62  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Revenues  
78,355  
– 63,841  
14,514  
79,215  
– 62,817  
16,398  
Cost of sales  
Gross profit  
Sellingꢀexpenses  
– 4,078  
– 2,803  
– 5,859  
1,026  
– 3,958  
– 2,733  
– 5,168  
– 303  
Administrativeꢀexpenses  
Research and development expenses  
Other operating income and expenses  
Result on investments  
Financial result  
2,344  
1,081  
–1,452  
– 872  
– 541  
Income taxes  
–1,563  
3,213  
Profit after income tax  
2,820  
Other taxes  
–19  
–16  
Net profit  
2,801  
3,197  
Transfer to revenue reserves  
– 498  
2,303  
– 567  
Unappropriated profit available for distribution  
2,630  
Despite the higher number of deliveries, revenues  
were 1.1 % lower than in the previous financial  
year. The decrease was mainly due to exchange-rate  
effects, selling price adjustments and the change in  
the valuation method used to measure provisions for  
warranties, goodwill and product guarantees. In geo-  
graphical terms, the decrease mainly related to Europe  
higher expenditure for the electrification of vehicles  
and autonomous driving. Compared to the previous  
year, research and development expenses increased  
by 13.4%.  
The net amount of other operating income and  
expenses improved by €ꢀ  
1,329 million to a net positive  
and the USA. Revenues totalled €ꢀ78  
79 215 million), of which Group internal revenues  
accounted for €ꢀ58  
,
355 million (2017  
:
amount of €ꢀ 026 million. The year-on-year change  
1,  
,
resulted mainly from the reversal of provisions for  
warranty, goodwill and product guarantees due to the  
changed valuation method as well as to lower alloca-  
tions or higher reversals to provisions for litigation  
and liability risks.  
,
707 million (2017: €ꢀ59  
,
736 million)  
or 74.9% (2017: 75.4%).  
Cost of sales increased by  
1
.
6
% to €ꢀ63  
,
841 million,  
mostly due to the higher number of deliveries and the  
rise in cost of materials. The change in the valuation  
method used for provisions for warranties, goodwill  
and product guarantees had an offsetting effect. Gross  
Results on investments benefited from higher income  
arising under profit transfer arrangements with Group  
companies. By contrast, the financial result deteriorated  
year-on-year by €ꢀ911 million, mainly due to higher  
interest expenses for pension liabilities and expenses  
incurred for the corresponding plan assets as well as  
an impairment loss recognised on the investment in  
SGL Carbon SE, Wiesbaden.  
profit decreased by €ꢀ1,884 million to €ꢀ14,514 million.  
Selling and administrative expenses went up overall  
year-on-year, partly reflecting the impact of the larger  
workforce as well as higher expenses for selling and  
marketing obligations.  
The expense for income taxes relates primarily to  
current tax for the financial year 2018.  
Research and development expenses related mainly to  
new vehicle models in conjunction with the continued  
product offensive (including the new  
X models), expenses for the development of refer-  
ence architectures and drivetrain systems as well as  
3
Series and  
After deducting the expense for taxes, the Company  
reported a net profit of €ꢀ2,801 million, compared to  
€ꢀ3,197 million in the previous year.  
8
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Financial and net assets position  
BMW AG Balance Sheet at 31 December  
• 63  
Report on  
Economic Position  
Comments on  
Financial Statements  
of BMW AG  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Assets  
Intangible assets  
252  
11,976  
3,559  
288  
11,455  
3,676  
Property,ꢀplantꢀandꢀequipment  
Investments  
Tangible, intangible and investment assets  
15,787  
15,419  
Inventories  
4,811  
947  
4,643  
766  
Trade receivables  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Other receivables and other assets  
Marketable securities  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Current assets  
8,570  
3,595  
4,080  
6,542  
28,545  
7,641  
2,827  
4,185  
4,218  
24,280  
Prepayments  
535  
668  
483  
1,290  
Surplus of pension and similar plan assets over liabilities  
Total assets  
45,535  
41,472  
EQUITꢂ AND LIABILITIES  
Subscribedꢀcapital  
658  
2,177  
658  
2,153  
Capital reserves  
Revenue reserves  
10,103  
2,303  
9,605  
Unappropriatedꢀprofitꢀavailableꢀforꢀdistribution  
Equity  
2,630  
15,241  
15,046  
Registered profit-sharing certificates  
28  
29  
Pensionꢀprovisions  
Other provisions  
Provisions  
214  
7,824  
8,038  
139  
8,469  
8,608  
Liabilitiesꢀtoꢀbanks  
Trade payables  
545  
5,560  
12,670  
285  
965  
5,619  
8,187  
333  
Liabilitiesꢀtoꢀsubsidiaries  
Other liabilities  
Liabilities  
19,060  
15,104  
Deferred income  
3,168  
2,685  
Total equity and liabilities  
45,535  
41,472  
Capital expenditure on intangible assets and prop-  
erty, plant and equipment in the year under report  
totalled €ꢀ2,975 million (2017: €ꢀ2,628 million), up by  
The carrying amount of investments decreased to  
€ꢀ 559 million (2017: €ꢀ 676 million), mainly as a result  
of an impairment loss of €ꢀ119 million (2017: reversal  
of impairment losses of €ꢀ70 million) recognised on the  
investment in SGL Carbon SE, Wiesbaden in order to  
reduce its carrying amount to the lower market value.  
3
,
3,  
1
3
.
2
% compared to the previous year. Depreciation  
and amortisation amounted to €ꢀ2,470 million (2017:  
2,350 million).  
8
3
At €ꢀ4,811 million (2017: €ꢀ4,643 million), inventories  
were higher than one year earlier due to an increase  
in goods for resale.  
Cash and cash equivalents increased by €ꢀ2,324 million  
to €ꢀ6,542 million, mainly due to the surplus from  
operating activities and as a result of the higher level  
of financial liabilities to subsidiaries. The repayment  
of loans as well as the payment of the dividend for  
the previous financial year had an offsetting effect.  
Receivables from subsidiaries, most of which relate to  
intragroup financing receivables, rose to €ꢀ8,570 million  
2017: €ꢀ7,641 million).  
(
The increase in other receivables and other assets to  
3,595 million (2017: €ꢀ2,827 million) was mainly due  
to higher receivables from companies with which  
an investment relationship exists and to higher tax  
receivables.  
Risks and opportunities  
BMWAG’s performance is essentially dependent on  
the same set of risks and opportunities that affect the  
BMW Group and which are described in detail in the  
Report on Outlook, Risks and Opportunities section  
of the Combined Management Report. As a general  
rule, BMWAG participates in the risks entered into  
by Group companies in proportion to the respective  
shareholding percentage.  
Equity increased by €ꢀ195 million to €ꢀ15,241 million.  
The equity ratio changed from 36.3% to 33.5%, mainly  
due to the increased balance sheet total.  
In order to secure pension obligations, cash funds  
totalling €ꢀ550 million were transferred to BMW Trust  
e.ꢀV., Munich, in conjunction with a Contractual Trust  
Arrangement (CTA), to be invested in plan assets. Plan  
assets are offset against the related guaranteed obliga-  
tions. The resulting surplus of assets over liabilities is  
reported in the BMWAG balance sheet on the line item  
Surplus of pension and similar plan assets over liabilities.  
BMWAG is integrated in the group-wide risk man-  
agement system and internal control system of the  
BMW Group. Further information is provided in the  
section Internal Control System Relevant for Accounting  
and Financial Reporting Processes within the Combined  
Management Report.  
Outlook  
Provisions for pensions increased from €ꢀ139 million  
to €ꢀ214 million, after offsetting of pension liabilities  
with pension assets.  
Due to its significance in the Group and its close ties  
with Group companies, expectations for BMW AG  
with respect to its financial and non-financial  
performance indicators correspond largely to the  
BMW Group’s outlook for the Automotive segment.  
This is described in detail in the Report on Outlook,  
Risks and Opportunities section of the Combined  
Management Report.  
Other provisions decreased year on year, mainly due  
to a change in the valuation method used for provisions  
for warranties, goodwill and product guarantees as  
well as to a reduction in litigation and liability risks.  
Additions to provisions for selling and marketing  
obligations had an offsetting effect.  
Liabilities to banks decreased by €ꢀ420 million, mainly  
as a result of the repayment of project-related loans.  
The increase in liabilities to subsidiaries in the amount of  
ꢀ4,483 million was mainly due to intragroup refinancing.  
Deferred income increased by €ꢀ483 million to  
3,168 million and included mainly amounts for  
services still to be performed relating to service and  
maintenance contracts.  
KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin, has  
issued an unqualified audit opinion on the financial  
statements of BMWAG, of which the balance sheet and  
the income statement are presented here. The BMWAG  
financial statements for the financial year 2018 will be  
submitted to the operator of the electronic version of  
the German Federal Gazette and can be obtained via the  
Company Register website. These financial statements  
are available from BMWAG, 80788 Munich, Germany.  
Liquidity within the BMW Group is managed centrally  
by BMWAG on the basis of a group-wide liquidity  
concept. This involves concentrating a significant part  
of the Group’s liquidity at the level of BMWAG. An  
important instrument in this context is the cash pool  
based at BMWAG. The liquidity position reported  
by BMWAG therefore reflects the global activities of  
BMWAG and other Group companies.  
8
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
OUTLOOK  
REPORT ON OUT-  
LOOK, RISKS AND  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Outlook  
The report on outlook, risks and opportunities describes  
the expected development of the BMW Group, includ-  
ing the significant risks and opportunities, from a  
Group management perspective. In line with the  
Group’s internal management system, the outlook  
covers a period of one year. Risks and opportunities  
are managed on the basis of a two-year assessment.  
The report on risks and opportunities therefore  
addresses a period of two years.  
OPPORTUNITIES  
Growth in deliveries planned  
EBIT margin in the range  
of 6 to 8%  
Business environment remains  
volatile  
The report on outlook, risks and opportunities con-  
tains forward-looking statements. These are based  
on the BMW Group’s expectations and assessments  
and are subject to uncertainty. As a result, actual out-  
comes can deviate either positively or negatively from  
the expectations described below – for example on  
account of political andꢀ/ꢀor economic developments.  
The continuous forecasting process ensures the  
BMW Group’s ability to exploit opportunities quickly  
and systematically as they arise and react in a similar  
way to unexpected risks. The principal risks and  
opportunities are described in detail in the section  
Risks and Opportunities. The matters discussed  
therein are relevant for all of the BMW Group’s key  
performance indicators and could result in variances  
between the outlook and actual outcomes.  
8
5
Assumptions used in the outlook  
Gross domestic product in the eurozone is only  
expected to grow by around % in 2019. Germany’s  
economy should see growth on a similar scale (+ꢀ1 %).  
The growth prospects of other member states in the  
eurozone are expected to be on the modest side.  
France (+ꢀ1.4 %) and Italy (+0.7 %) are likely to see an  
increase in GDP over the outlook period. Based on an  
expected growth rate of 2.2 %, the Spanish economy  
is set to grow faster than the eurozone average.  
The following outlook relates to a forecast period  
of one year and is based on the composition of the  
BMW Group during that time. The outlook takes  
account of all information available at the time of  
reporting, and any which could have an effect on the  
overall performance of the Group. The expectations con-  
tained in the outlook are based on the BMW Group’s  
forecasts for 2019 and reflect its most recent status.  
Along with other inputs, they represent a consensus  
of opinions of leading organisations, such as economic  
research institutes and banks. The basis and principal  
assumptions of the forecast are set out below:  
1.5  
.
4
The UK’s economic performance in the outlook period  
will be influenced significantly by the progress of EU  
exit negotiations. The lack of planning certainty con-  
tinues to weigh on companies and private households  
alike. Consequently, GDP growth of only 1.4% is  
forecast for 2019. Uncertainty remains at a high level.  
In the UK, the ongoing uncertainties in connection with  
the Brexit negotiations are impairing the reliability of  
forecasts drawn up by businesses. This applies to the  
BMW Group as well, which could be further adversely  
affected due to the necessary preparations. Notwith-  
standing these difficulties, the assumption is that the  
UK will leave the EU in an orderly manner.  
Economic momentum in the USA is expected to weaken  
only slightly compared with the previous year. The  
high employment rate, combined with the ongoing  
economic stimulus from the tax reform, should con-  
tinue to have a positive impact on economic activity in  
2019, as a result of which the economy is expected to  
The BMW Group also anticipates that trade tensions  
between the USA and China will continue to be a  
source of uncertainty. The Group also assumes that  
trade between the EU and the USA will not be subject  
to additional tariffs.  
grow by 2.4%. The US Federal Reserve will most likely  
continue pursuing a moderately restrictive monetary  
policy. Unexpected developments, in particular in US  
domestic policy, could result in a less favourable outlook.  
The BMW Group and Daimler AG are merging their  
mobility services in a new joint venture. Following  
approval by the antitrust authorities, the agreement  
between the two companies was concluded with effect  
from 31 January 2019. It is currently assumed that the  
impact on earnings during the forecast period will be  
of minor significance.  
In China, reducing overcapacities and strengthening  
domestic consumption will continue to have priority  
in 2019. Against this backdrop, GDP is still forecast  
to rise by 6.2%. Achieving a balance between short-  
term measures aimed at stabilising the economy and  
restructuring the Chinese economy on a long-term  
basis will remain the government’s most difficult task.  
Therefore, the risk of a significant economic downturn  
in China cannot be entirely ruled out.  
Economic outlook  
Global economic growth is currently forecast at just  
The Japanese economy is forecast to grow by only  
over  
3
% in 2019. At the same time, the outlook for  
1.0% in 2019. Demand for capital goods as well as  
the global economy remains exposed to an array of  
uncertainties. These include above all the exit negotia-  
tions between the EU and the UK as well as the future  
foreign trade policy of the US administration. In the  
event of unfavourable developments, global growth  
could be significantly affected. The debt situation of  
Chinese companies as well as the high level of national  
debt in Japan and some eurozone countries could  
also jeopardise stability on financial markets. Last  
but not least, the global economy could also be neg-  
atively impacted by excessively restrictive monetary  
policies imposed by the Fed in the USA and the ECB  
in Europe. Further information on political and global  
economic risks is also available in the section Risks  
and Opportunities.  
domestic consumer spending could help drive growth.  
The weak yen is also likely to bolster exports.  
Emerging markets could see growth on a par with the  
previous year, with economic expansion predicted  
for India (+7.3%), Russia (+ꢀ1.4%) and Brazil (+2.4%).  
8
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Currency markets  
The USA is unlikely to maintain a sustainable recovery  
in 2019 after the previous year’s dip. Based on current  
forecasts, the downward trend in US registrations is  
likely to continue (17.0 million units; –ꢀ1.6%).  
Currencies of particular importance for the interna-  
tional operations of the BMW Group are the US dollar,  
the Chinese renminbi, the Japanese yen and the  
British pound. All of these currencies are expected  
to remain volatile in 2019.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Outlook  
Additionally, the forecast for China is a decrease of  
0.6% in passenger car registrations to 23.0 million  
The US economy is likely to remain strong in 2019  
,
units. The downward trend on the Japanese auto-  
mobile market is set to continue in 2019 (5.0 million  
units; –2.4%).  
potentially giving the US Federal Reserve more scope  
for further interest rates hikes. The Fed has announced,  
however, that it will take a more cautious approach in  
2
019 than in previous years. After ending its securities  
Registrations in Russia are expected to rise by around  
8.4 % in 2019 to 1.8 million units on the back of  
economic recovery. In Brazil, registration figures are  
purchasing programme, the ECB indicated the possi-  
bility of an interest rate increase in the third quarter  
2
019 at the earliest, which would mean a departure  
also expected to increase by 11.6% to 2.3 million units  
in the current year.  
from its highly expansive monetary policy. In this  
context, the euro could gradually appreciate in value  
against the US dollar over the course of 2019.  
International motorcycle markets  
The economic links between the USA and China sug-  
gest that the Chinese renminbi is likely to develop  
relatively synchronously to the US dollar. For this  
reason, the renminbi is expected to depreciate slightly  
against the euro in 2019.  
The BMW Group expects the world’s motorcycle mar-  
kets in the 250 cc plus class to grow slightly in 2019.  
In Europe, the upward trend is expected to continue  
in the major markets of Germany, France, Italy and  
Spain. Conversely, the US motorcycle market is fore-  
cast to see a slight fall in new registrations in 2019.  
The value of the British pound is currently being  
determined to a large extent by the progress of Brexit  
negotiations. Accordingly, the most likely scenario is  
a volatile sideways movement of the pound against  
the euro.  
International interest rate environment  
A moderate slowdown is predicted for the global  
economy in 2019. The main reasons for slower growth  
are the weaker impact of fiscal incentives in the USA  
accompanied by tighter monetary policies in many  
emerging markets. Unemployment in many indus-  
trialised countries is at a low level.  
The Japanese central bank’s highly expansionary  
monetary policy is unlikely to change in 2019, so  
that the euroꢀ/ꢀyen exchange rate will probably follow  
a sideways trend. However, it cannot be ruled out  
that the euro will appreciate slightly against the yen.  
In view of significantly increasing economic risks,  
low inflation and political pressure to maintain loose  
monetary policies, the ECB is not expected to raise  
its benchmark interest rate from the current record  
low of zero per cent until the economic climate has  
brightened.  
The currencies of numerous emerging markets could  
come under pressure against the US dollar and the  
euro, due to the continuing normalisation of monetary  
policies in the USA and Europe, which could result in  
capital outflows from emerging markets. This applies in  
particular to countries such as Russia, Brazil and India.  
The uncertainty surrounding the ongoing Brexit nego-  
tiations will continue to weigh on the UK economy  
in 2019. The Bank of England’s monetary policy over  
the coming months will be geared to managing the  
economic impact of the Brexit negotiations.  
International automobile markets  
After a weaker performance in 2018, a reversal of  
this trend in 2019 is not expected for registrations  
on international automobile markets (85.5 million  
units; –0.3%).  
Europe’s automobile markets are forecast to see a  
slight increase (15 million units; +ꢀ1 %), with contri-  
butions to growth coming particularly from Germany  
3.5 million units; +ꢀ1.9 %). In France (2.2 million  
units; – %) and Italy ( million units; – %),  
.
8
.0  
(
0
.
3
1
.
9
0.2  
automobile markets are likely to contract slightly  
in 2019. For the UK, registration forecasts are also  
negative (2.3 million units; 2.3%).  
8
7
The US Federal Reserve is likely to pursue a more  
restrictive monetary policy again in 2019.  
Group  
Profit before tax: significant decrease expected  
Competition on international automobile markets  
is set to remain fierce in 2019. Furthermore, politi-  
cal and economic developments in Europe remain  
increasingly uncertain. Above all, this is due to the  
currently unforeseeable impact of Brexit. In addition,  
it is difficult to predict how trade tensions between the  
USA and the EU on the one hand and the USA and  
China on the other are likely to develop. Volatilities  
on international currency and raw materials markets  
could also have a negative impact on Group profit  
before tax. Further information is provided in the  
macroeconomic risks and opportunities section of  
the Risks and Opportunities Report.  
In China, fiscal policy will focus on safeguarding the  
country’s financial stability. In order to bolster the  
economy in the event of an aggressive trade war, the  
Chinese central bank could reduce the minimum  
reserve ratio and cut taxes further.  
Japan’s central bank is likely to maintain its ultra-ex-  
pansive monetary policy in order to drive inflation  
and stimulate the economy.  
Expected consequences for the BMW Group  
Future developments on international automobile  
markets also have a direct impact on the BMW Group.  
The BMW Group holds a leading position among com-  
petitors in various new fields of technology, including  
digitalisation and autonomous driving. Given its firm  
intention to expand in these areas, investments in  
future-oriented projects will remain at a high level.  
The BMW Group also plans to electrify drivetrain  
systems across its entire model portfolio. Additional  
challenges are likely to arise in the future as a conse-  
quence of new regulatory measures. The production  
network will also be further expanded during the  
outlook period. Due to these external challenges and  
the upfront expenditure necessary to secure future  
operations, the Group’s pre-tax profit is expected to  
While competition could intensify further in contract  
-
ing markets, new opportunities may appear in growth  
regions. Challenges in the competitive environment  
will have a significant effect on sales volumes in  
some countries. Due to its global business model, the  
BMW Group is well placed at all times to capitalise  
on any opportunities that present themselves, even at  
short notice. Coordination between the Group’s sales  
and production networks also enables it to balance  
out the impact of unforeseeable developments in the  
various regions. Investments in markets important for  
the future also form a basis for further growth, while  
simultaneously strengthening the global presence of  
the BMW Group. Thanks to its three premium brands –  
BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce – the BMW Group  
expects the positive development in vehicle deliveries  
to continue.  
decrease significantly (2018 adjusted: €ꢀ9,627 million).  
Workforce size at year-end expected at previous  
year’s level  
In connection with the projects referred to above, the  
need for suitably qualified staff across the BMW Group  
will remain high during the current year. According  
to current estimates, the size of the workforce is  
expected to remain at the previous year’s level (2018:  
134,682 employees).  
In view of increasingly unpredictable political devel-  
opments, actual economic performance in some  
regions may deviate from expected trends and out-  
comes. Potential sources of political unpredictability  
include policies affecting trade and customs tariffs,  
security developments and possible further interna-  
tional trade conflicts.  
Outlook for the BMW Group  
Application of International Financial Reporting Stan-  
dard IFRS 16 (Leases) is mandatory with effect from  
1
January 2019. Comparative figures for the year 2018  
are required to be adjusted accordingly. In order to  
ensure a transparent presentation of changes in key  
financial performance indicators, the outlook shows  
values adjusted in accordance with IFRS 16 as well as  
the actual values reported for 2018. With regard to key  
financial performance indicators for 2019, the outlook  
is based on values for 2018 adjusted in accordance with  
IFRS 16. Further information on IFRS 16 is provided in  
note 5 to the Group Financial Statements.  
see  
note 5  
8
8
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Automotive segment  
The Automotive segment’s RoCE is expected to drop  
significantly in 2019 2018 49 %). The decrease is  
Deliveries to customers: slight increase expected  
The BMW Group expects a further year-on-year  
increase in deliveries of BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce  
brand vehicles and aims to occupy a leading posi-  
(
:
.8  
partly due to the introduction of IFRS 16 (Leases).  
Further reasons are higher investments in the elec-  
trification of the vehicle fleet, digitalisation, the expan-  
sion and rejuvenation of the model portfolio and the  
expansion of the production network. Furthermore,  
the segment’s earnings trend is likely to have a damp-  
ening effect on RoCE. However, the long-term target  
RoCE of at least 26% for the Automotive segment will  
be surpassed.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Outlook  
tion in the global premium segment again in 2019  
.
Balanced growth in major sales regions will help to  
compensate for volatilities in individual markets.  
Assuming economic conditions do not deteriorate,  
deliveries to customers are forecast to rise slightly to  
1
1
Includes the  
a new high (2018: 2,490,664 units).  
joint venture  
BMWꢀBrillianceꢀ  
Automotive,ꢀ  
ShenyangꢀLtd.ꢀ  
The BMW 8 Series Coupé launched in November 2018  
and the new X5 models are expected to contribute  
to sustained growth. Moreover, in autumn 2018 the  
BMW Group announced the launching of numerous  
new models during the first quarter of 2019. These  
include the seventh generation of the BMW 3 Series  
Sedan, the new BMW 8 Series Convertible and the  
new BMW X7 and Z4 models. Other new models  
will follow over the course of 2019. The Rolls-Royce  
Motorcycles segment  
(
2018:ꢀ459,581ꢀ  
units).  
Deliveries to customers: solid increase expected  
The BMW Group expects business in the Motorcycles  
segment to develop positively in the current year.  
Business is predicted to benefit from the extensive  
measures taken to rejuvenate the segment’s product  
range in the previous year as well as from the array  
of new models presented at international motorcy-  
2
2
Cullinan , which has been available to customers since Fuel consumption cle trade fairs in autumn 2018. The addition of the  
2
and CO emis-  
sions information  
are available  
November 2018, is expected to stimulate demand and  
make an important contribution to the success of the  
Company.  
mid-class C 400 GT Scooter has also expanded the  
segment’s product range designed for the urban  
environment. Overall, a solid increase in deliveries  
of BMW motorcycles to customers is forecast for 2019  
(2018: 165,566 units).  
on page 108.  
3
3
EU-28  
Fleet CO emissions : slight decrease expected  
2
Given that the effects of the conversion to WLTP and  
the further course of the diesel debate are difficult to  
assess, any forecast for 2019 is subject to a particu-  
larly high degree of uncertainty. Nevertheless, the  
BMW Group aims to reduce its average fleet CO2 emis-  
EBIT margin in target range between 8 and 10 %  
expected  
The EBIT margin in the Motorcycles segment in 2019  
is forecast to lie within the target range between 8 and  
10% (2018: 8.1%).  
sions slightly for the year 2019 (2018: 128 g CO2 /ꢀkm).  
EBIT margin in target range between 6 and 8 %  
expected  
Return on capital employed: solid increase expected  
Due to the product initiatives described above, the  
Motorcycles segment is expected to generate a solid  
year-on-year increase in RoCE in 2019 (2018: 28.4%).  
The long-term target RoCE of 26% for the Motorcycles  
segment will therefore be surpassed.  
Against the background of the challenges referred  
to above, an EBIT margin within a range of 6 to 8%  
is expected for the Automotive segment – the core  
business of the BMW Group – for the 2019 financial  
year (2018: 7.2%).  
Return on capital employed: significant decrease  
expected  
Financial Services segment  
Return on equity expected at previous year’s level  
The BMW Group forecasts a stable business per-  
formance for the Financial Services segment in the  
financial year 2019. The return on equity is expected  
to remain at the previous year’s level (2018: 14.8%).  
As stated in the Annual Report 2017, the use of  
return on capital employed (RoCE) as a performance  
indicator was due to be reviewed, partly in connec-  
tion with the introduction of IFRS 16 (Leases). The  
review confirmed the significance of RoCE as a key  
performance indicator, in particular with a view to  
managing profitability and capital efficiency. The use  
of this indicator is also closely linked to the Group’s  
project-oriented management logic.  
8
9
Overall assessment by Group management  
year’s level. However, both performance indicators  
Business is expected to be more volatile in the finan-  
cial year 2019. While numerous new automobile and  
motorcycle models as well as an expanded range of  
individual mobility-related services will provide addi-  
tional momentum, the various challenges described  
above are likely to have an offsetting impact. Research  
and development expenses will remain at a high level in  
view of future-oriented projects. Accordingly, Group  
profit before tax is forecast to decrease significantly.  
Automobiles segment deliveries to customers should  
increase slightly and reach a new record level. At the  
same time, fleet carbon dioxide emissions are forecast  
to drop slightly. The Group’s targets are to be met  
with a workforce size at the previous year’s level.  
The Automotive segment’s EBIT margin in 2019 is  
will be above their long-term targets of 26% (RoCE  
and 14% (RoE ) respectively. Deliveries to customers  
in the Motorcycles segment are forecast to show a solid  
increase, with an EBIT margin within the target range  
of between 8 and 10% and the RoCE also showing a  
solid increase on the previous year.  
)
1
Depending on the political and economic situation  
and the risks and opportunities described below,  
actual business performance could differ from current  
expectations.  
Growing uncertainty, particularly with regard to  
political developments – such as Brexit and inter-  
national trade and customs policies – may cause  
economic developments in many regions to deviate  
from expected trends and outcomes. This would also  
have a significant impact on the business performance  
of the BMW Group.  
expected to lie within the range of between 6 and 8%.  
A significant decrease is forecast for the RoCE of the  
Automobiles segment. The RoE for the Financial  
Services segment should remain at the previous  
BMW Group key performance indicators  
64  
2
2
018  
2018  
2019  
3
reported  
adjusted  
Outlook  
Group  
Profitꢀbeforeꢀtax  
€ million  
9,815  
9,627 significantꢀdecrease  
in line with last  
Workforceꢀatꢀyear-end  
134,682  
year’s level  
Automotive seGment  
Deliveriesꢀtoꢀcustomersꢀ4  
Fleet emissions5  
units  
2,490,664  
128  
slight increase  
slight reduction  
g CO  
2
/ km  
%
EBITꢀmargin  
7.2  
between 6 and 8  
significantꢀdecrease  
Return on capital employed  
%
49.8  
motorcycles seGment  
Deliveriesꢀtoꢀcustomers  
EBITꢀmargin  
units  
%
165,566  
8.1  
solid increase  
between 8 and 10  
solid increase  
Return on capital employed  
%
28.4  
FinAnciAl services seGment  
in line with last  
year’s level  
Return on equity  
%
14.8  
1
Adjustedꢀwithꢀeffectꢀfromꢀtheꢀfinancialꢀyearꢀ2018.  
Adjustedꢀin aꢀ ccordanceꢀwithꢀIFRSꢀ16.  
Basedꢀonꢀadjustedꢀoutlook.  
IncludingꢀtheꢀjointꢀventureꢀBMWꢀBrillianceꢀAutomotiveꢀLtd.,ꢀ Sꢀ henyangꢀ(2018:ꢀ459,581ꢀunits).  
2
3
4
5
EU-28.  
9
0
Combined  
Management  
Report  
RISKS AND  
OPPORTUNITIES  
As part of the risk management process, all individual  
and cumulative risks that represent a threat to the  
success of the business are monitored and managed.  
Any risks capable of posing a threat to the going-  
concern status of the BMW Group are generally  
avoided. Where no specific reference is made, oppor-  
tunities and risks relate to the Automotive segment.  
The scope of entities consolidated in the Report on  
Risks and Opportunities corresponds to the scope  
of consolidated entities included in the BMW Group  
Financial Statements.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
As a worldwide-leading provider of premium cars,  
motorcycles and mobility services, as well as related  
financial services, the BMW Group is exposed to  
numerous uncertainties and change. Making full  
use of the opportunities arising out of change is a  
fundamental basis of the Group’s corporate success.  
In order to achieve growth, profitability, efficiency  
and continued sustainable activities going forward,  
the BMW Group must consciously assume risks.  
Risk management system  
The objective of the risk management system, and  
the main function of risk reporting, is to identify,  
measure and, where possible, actively manage internal  
or external risks that could threaten the attainment of  
the Group’s corporate targets. The risk management  
system covers all significant and existential risks  
to the Group. Group risk management focuses on  
the criteria of effectiveness, practicability and com-  
pleteness. Responsibility for risk reporting is not  
allocated to a centralised function, but is part of the  
task of each employee and manager, according to their  
individual function. According to Group-wide rules,  
every employee and manager has a duty to report risks  
through the relevant reporting channels.  
Management of opportunities and risks is essential for  
the Group to react appropriately to changes in political,  
economic, technical or legal conditions. Opportunities  
and risks which are likely to materialise are taken into  
account in the Outlook Report. The following sections  
focus on potential future developments or events,  
which could result in a positive (opportunity) or a  
negative (risk) deviation from the BMW Group’s out-  
look. The earnings impact of risks and opportunities is  
assessed separately without offsetting. Opportunities  
and risks are assessed with respect to a medium-term  
period of two years.  
Risk management in the BMW Group  
65  
Group-wide  
risk management  
Analysisꢀandꢀ  
Measurement  
Identification  
Effectiveness  
Supervisory  
Board  
Risk  
Compliance  
Committee  
Practicability  
Management  
Steering  
Committee  
Reporting /  
Monitoring  
Controlling  
Board of  
Management  
Completeness  
Group  
Audit  
Measures  
Internal Control System  
9
1
The Group risk management system is organised  
formally as a decentralised, company-wide network  
and is steered by a centralised risk management  
function. Every BMW Group division is represented  
within the risk management organisation by Network  
Representatives. This formal structure reinforces the  
network’s visibility and underlines the importance  
of risk management within the BMW Group. Roles,  
responsibilities and tasks of the centralised risk man-  
agement function and the Network Representatives  
are clearly described, documented and understood.  
In view of the dynamic growth of business and the  
increasingly volatile environment, the BMW Group  
regularly reviews its risk management system for  
effectiveness and appropriateness.  
Overall risk assessment is performed in conjunction  
with the calculation of risk-bearing capacity. For this  
purpose, worst-case risks are aggregated using a  
value-at-risk model, taking correlation effects into  
account and compared with the asset cushion. The  
segment’s risk-bearing capacity is regularly controlled  
through an integrated limit system for the various  
risk categories.  
The risk management system is regularly examined  
by Group Internal Audit. An ongoing exchange of  
experience with other companies ensures that new  
insights are incorporated in the risk management  
system of the BMW Group, thus providing for con-  
tinual improvement. Training sessions, development  
programmes and information events are regularly  
conducted across the BMW Group, particularly within  
the risk management network. These measures are  
essential ways of preparing those involved in the  
process for new or additional demands.  
Risk management as a whole comprises the Risk  
Management Steering Committee, the Compliance  
Committee, the Internal Control System and the  
Group Internal Audit.  
During 2018, the risk management system focused  
on two main areas. Firstly, generic risk models were  
developed for all aspects of the business with a view  
to ensuring that recurring individual risks are better  
assessed. These risk models were validated by mea-  
suring specific risks.  
In addition to comprehensive risk management,  
sustainable business practice constitutes one of the  
core strategic principles of the company. Risks or  
opportunities relating to sustainability issues are  
considered by the Sustainability Committee. Resulting  
strategic options and measures are put forward to  
the Sustainability Board, which comprises the entire  
Board of Management. Where necessary, risk aspects  
may be integrated within the Group-wide risk net-  
work. The composition of the Risk Management  
Steering Committee and the Sustainability Committee  
ensures that risk and sustainability management are  
closely coordinated.  
Secondly, procedures to ensure that all risk scenarios  
are considered were further tightened. Instead of  
quantifying risks by means of a single-point estimate  
based on the net loss and probability of occurrence,  
risks are assessed using the loss distribution approach  
based on expected and worst-case values, thereby  
enabling better comparability of risk categories for  
both internal and external reporting purposes.  
In order to comply with the CSR Directive Imple-  
mentation Act, a review of risks with impact on  
non-financial aspects referred to in the law was  
conducted as part of the reporting process for the  
Group’s Non-Financial Declaration. Significant risks  
within the meaning of the law are those relating  
to business activities, business relationships and  
products and services of the BMW Group which are  
highly likely to have a serious adverse impact. No  
significant risks were identified during the review.  
The Group’s Non-Financial Declaration is provided in  
the Sustainable Value Report 2018, which is available  
Risk management process  
The risk management process covers the entire Group  
and comprises the early identification of risks, detailed  
analysis and risk assessment, the coordinated use of  
relevant management tools as well as monitoring and  
evaluation of measures taken.  
Significant risks reported from within the network are  
firstly presented for review to the Risk Management  
Steering Committee, chaired by Group Controlling.  
After review, the risks are reported to the Board of  
Management and the Supervisory Board. Risks are  
classified according to their potential impact on  
earnings and risk-bearing capacity. The expected risk  
and worst-case amounts are assessed in each case net  
of risk mitigation measures.  
on the Internet at  
www.bmwgroup.com/svr.  
9
2
Combined  
Management  
Report  
In the Financial Services segment risk management  
also addresses regulatory requirements, such as Basel  
III. Internal methods to identify, measure, manage and  
monitor risks within the Financial Services segment  
comply with national and international standards.  
Risk management in the Financial Services business is  
based on the risk strategy, the Internal Capital Adequacy  
Assessment Process Framework and a set of rules  
comprising strategic principles and guidelines. The  
risk management process is ensured organisationally  
through a clear division between front- and back-office  
activities and a comprehensive internal control system.  
The main instrument of risk management within the  
Financial Services segment is ensuring the Group’s  
risk-bearing capacity. At all times, risks in the sense of  
unexpected losses must be covered. This is achieved by  
means of an asset cushion in the form of equity capital  
derived from the entity’s risk appetite. Unexpected  
losses are measured according to various value-at-risk  
models, which are validated at regular intervals. Risks  
are aggregated after taking account of correlation  
effects. In addition to assessing the Group’s ability to  
bear risk under normal circumstances, stress scenarios  
are also examined. The segment’s risk-bearing capacity  
is regularly controlled through an integrated limit  
system for the various risk categories.  
The risk amount is the basis for the classification  
of risk levels at the BMW Group. These have been  
revised as part of the further development of the risk  
management system. The risk amount corresponds to  
the average earnings impact, taking into account prob-  
ability of occurrence and risk mitigation measures.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Overall, the following criteria apply for the purposes  
of classifying the risk amount:  
Class  
Risk amount  
Low  
> €0 – 50 million  
> €50 – 400 million  
> €400 million  
Medium  
High  
Opportunity management system and  
opportunity identification  
A dynamic market environment also gives rise to  
opportunities. The BMW Group continually monitors  
macroeconomic trends as well as developments within  
the sector and overall environment. This includes  
external regulations, suppliers, customers and com-  
petitors. Identifying opportunities is an integral part  
of the strategic planning process of the BMW Group.  
The Group’s product and service portfolio is continually  
reviewed on the basis of these analyses. This results,  
for example, in new product projects being presented  
to the Board of Management for consideration.  
Risk measurement  
Risks are classified as high, medium or low, based on  
their significance with respect to results of operations,  
financial position and net assets and to performance  
indicators of the BMW Group. The impact of risks is  
measured and reported net of risk mitigation mea-  
sures (net basis).  
Continuous monitoring of major business processes  
and strict cost controls are essential for ensuring strong  
profitability and return on capital employed. Probable  
measures to increase profitability are incorporated in  
the outlook. The implementation of modular-based  
and common architectures, for instance, allows iden-  
tical components to be deployed increasingly across  
models and product lines. This reduces development  
costs and investment on the series development of  
new vehicles and contributes positively to profitability.  
In addition, it also supports economies of scale in  
production costs and increases production flexibility.  
Moreover, a more competitive cost basis opens up  
opportunities to enter new market segments.  
The overall impact of a risk’s occurrence on the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets on  
the basis of worst-case scenarios for the two-year  
assessment period is classified as follows:  
Class  
Potential earnings impact  
Low  
> €0 – 500 million  
> €500 – 2,000 million  
> €2,000 million  
Medium  
High  
The implementation of identified opportunities is  
undertaken on a decentralised basis within the rele-  
vant functions. The significance of opportunities for  
the BMW Group is classified on a qualitative basis in  
the categories “significant” and “insignificant”.  
In the following sections, earnings impact is used  
consistently to cover the overall impact on results of  
operations, financial position and net assets.  
9
3
Risks and opportunities  
Risks or opportunities which could, from today’s  
perspective, have a significant impact on the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets of the  
BMW Group are described below.  
The following table provides an overview of all risks  
and opportunities and indicates their significance  
for the BMW Group. Overall, no risks which could  
threaten the continued existence of the BMW Group  
were identified either at the balance sheet date or at  
the date on which the Group Financial Statements  
were drawn up.  
Risks  
Opportunities  
Change compared  
Classification of Change compared  
risk amount  
to prior year*  
Classification  
to prior year  
risks And opportunities  
Macroeconomic risks and opportunities  
Strategic and sector risks and opportunities  
Changes in legislation and regulatory requirements  
Market developments  
High  
Stable  
Insignificant  
Stable  
High  
High  
Stable  
Stable  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Stable  
Stable  
Risks and opportunities relating to operations  
Productionꢀandꢀtechnology  
Purchasing  
Medium  
High  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Insignificant  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Salesꢀandꢀmarketing  
Low  
Information, data protection and IT  
Financial risks and opportunities  
Foreign currencies  
High  
High  
Medium  
Low  
Stable*  
Stable*  
Stable  
Significant  
Significant  
Stable  
Stable  
Raw materials  
Liquidity  
Pensionꢀobligations  
High  
Stable*  
Significant  
Stable  
Risks and opportunities relating to the provision of financial services  
Credit risk  
Medium  
High  
Stable  
Significant  
Stable  
Stable  
Stable  
Residual value  
Stable*  
Stable*  
Stable*  
Stable  
Significant  
Interest rate changes  
Medium  
Medium  
Medium  
Significant  
Operational risks  
Legal risks  
*
ꢀPriorꢀyearꢀclassificationsꢀhaveꢀbeenꢀamendedꢀinꢀlineꢀwithꢀtheꢀrevisionꢀofꢀtheꢀriskꢀmodellingꢀdescribedꢀinꢀtheꢀ“Riskꢀmanagementꢀsystem”ꢀsectionꢀandꢀtheꢀrevisionꢀofꢀtheꢀmeasurementꢀofꢀriskꢀamountꢀdescribedꢀinꢀ  
theꢀ“Riskꢀmeasurement”ꢀsection.ꢀInꢀtheꢀcaseꢀofꢀrisksꢀforꢀwhichꢀpriorꢀyearꢀamountsꢀhaveꢀbeenꢀreclassified,ꢀriskꢀamountsꢀhaveꢀbeenꢀclassifiedꢀtoꢀaꢀhigherꢀlevelꢀthanꢀreportedꢀinꢀtheꢀAnnualꢀReportꢀ2017.ꢀ  
Macroeconomic risks and opportunities  
In view of the political events of recent years, global  
economic developments continue to be subject to a  
high degree of uncertainty, in particular with respect  
to potential barriers to global trade. A reorientation  
of US economic policy, changes within the EU and  
possible economic agendas by parties in EU countries  
that are critical of globalisation and could therefore  
jeopardise stability could lead to more restrictive trade  
practices in the coming years.  
Economic conditions influence business performance  
and hence the results of operations, financial position  
and net assets of the BMW Group. Unforeseen dis-  
ruptions in global economic relations can have highly  
unpredictable effects. Macroeconomic risks can lead  
to reduced purchasing power in the countries and  
regions affected and lead to reduced demand for the  
products and services offered by the BMW Group.  
Macroeconomic risks could – due to sales volume  
fluctuations – have a high earnings impact over the  
two-year assessment period. Overall, the risk amounts  
attached to macroeconomic risks are classified as high.  
Macroeconomic risks are evaluated on the basis of  
historical data and cash-flow-at-risk scenario analyses.  
A possible introduction of further trade barriers,  
including anti-dumping customs duties and duties  
aimed at protecting national security by the US  
administration, could have a significantly adverse  
impact on the BMW Group’s operations through less  
9
4
Combined  
Management  
Report  
favourable conditions for importing vehicles. Moreover,  
countermeasures by the USA’s trading partners  
could slow down global economic growth and have  
a greater-than-expected adverse impact on the export  
of vehicles produced in the USA. The BMW Group’s  
“production follows the market” strategy involves local  
production both in the USA and with other important  
trade partners. Regional production reduces the exist-  
ing risk of trade barriers. Nevertheless, any increase  
in trade barriers would have an adverse impact on  
the BMW Group.  
Furthermore, increasing political unrest, military  
conflicts, terrorist activities, natural disasters or  
pandemics could have a lasting negative impact on  
the global economy and international capital markets.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
The BMW Group addresses macroeconomic risks pri-  
marily by internationalising its sales and production  
structures, in order to minimise the extent to which  
earnings depend on risks in individual countries  
and regions. Flexible sales and production processes  
within the BMW Group increase the limited ability  
to react quickly to regional economic developments.  
The impending Brexit could have a long-term adverse  
impact on the BMW Group, particularly as a result  
of increased trade barriers in the form of customs  
duties in relation to the European single market. Any  
such trade barriers could have a negative impact on  
volumes and costs both for vehicles and components  
produced in the EU for the UK as well as those pro-  
duced in the UK for the European market. In extreme  
cases, this could also result in production losses due  
to delays in customs clearance. In addition, Brexit  
could lead to reduced customer spending in the wake  
of weaker economic performance, particularly in  
the UK. In the short and medium term, uncertainty  
regarding the outcome of the negotiations with the  
EU could exacerbate these factors and cause further  
negative currency effects. A possible further economic  
downturn of countries in the EU could also potentially  
reduce growth prospects for the BMW Group. European  
integration with a unified economic and currency area  
is an important pillar of economic stability in Europe.  
Should the global economy develop significantly bet-  
ter than presented in the outlook, macroeconomic  
opportunities could arise for the BMW Group’s  
revenues and earnings. Significantly stronger GDP  
growth in China, demand-oriented reforms within the  
eurozone, a cancellation of Brexit and intensified trade  
relations between the EU and the UK, further growth  
stimulus through the tax reform in the USA or more  
robust consumer spending in emerging markets due to  
rising raw material prices could result in significantly  
stronger sales volume growth, reduced competitive  
pressures and corresponding improvement in pricing.  
The planned expansion of production capacities will  
enable emerging opportunities to be exploited to a  
greater degree. Macroeconomic opportunities that  
could generate a sustainable impact on earnings are  
currently classified by the BMW Group as insignificant.  
Strategic and sector risks and opportunities  
The transition in China from an investment-driven to  
a consumer-driven economy is associated with slower  
growth rates and, potentially, greater instability in  
the short to medium term on financial markets. If the  
Chinese economy were to grow at a significantly slower  
pace than expected, the consequence would be not  
only a decline in automobile sales, but also, potentially,  
lower demand for raw materials, which would have a  
negative impact above all on emerging economies such  
as Brazil, Russia or South Africa. Any further drop in  
raw material prices could result for the BMW Group  
in lower demand from these countries. Turmoil on  
the Chinese property, stock and banking markets  
and an overly rapid increase in interest rates by the  
US Federal Reserve could pose considerable risks for  
global financial market stability. Such developments  
could lead to greater currency fluctuations and have  
a negative impact on emerging markets in particular.  
Changes in legislation and regulatory requirements  
The sudden introduction of more stringent legislation  
and regulations, particularly with regard to emissions,  
safety and consumer protection as well as regional  
vehicle-related purchase and usage taxes, represents  
a significant risk for the automobile industry. Country-  
and sector-specific trade barriers can also change at  
short notice. A sudden tightening of regulations in  
any of these areas can necessitate significantly higher  
investments and ongoing expenses or influence cus-  
tomer behaviour. Risks from changes in legislation  
and regulatory requirements could have a high impact  
on earnings over the two-year assessment period.  
Compared to the previous year, the potential impact  
on earnings has increased. The risk amount attached  
to these risks is classified as high. Compared with the  
previous year, risks arising from the further tightening  
of emissions laws are assessed as being stable.  
9
5
At present, the BMW Group sees increasingly  
restrictive vehicle emissions regulations, particularly  
for conventional drivetrain systems, not only in the  
world’s major markets (Europe, North America and  
China), but also in other markets such as India and  
Brazil. In particular, the combination of newly intro-  
duced measurement procedures to reflect standard  
driving cycles (WLTP) and Real Driving Emissions  
Market development  
In addition to economic factors and sector-specific  
political conditions, increasingly fierce competition  
among established manufacturers and the emergence  
of new competitors could also have effects which are  
difficult to predict. Unforeseen consumer preferences  
and changes in brand perceptions can give rise to  
opportunities and risks. If market risks were to mate-  
rialise, they could have a high earnings impact over  
the two-year assessment period. The risk amount is  
classified as high.  
(
RDE) tests to reflect actual emissions on the road  
on the one hand, and significantly lower emissions  
thresholds on the other, pose major challenges to the  
automotive sector. The BMW Group is addressing this  
risk with its Efficient Dynamics concept and is playing  
a pioneering role in reducing both fuel consumption  
and emissions within the premium segment. One  
area of focus of the BMW Group is the systematic  
electrification of all brands and model series. The  
product range has been increasingly expanded with  
electric drivetrain systems in BMWi vehicles since  
Intense competition, particularly in Western Europe,  
the USA and China, is a potential cause for lower  
demand and for fluctuations in the regional distribu-  
tion and composition of demand for BMW, MINI and  
Rolls-Royce brand vehicles and for mobility services.  
Greater competition could put pressure on selling  
prices and margins. The BMW Group successfully  
completed the conversion to the new WLTP test pro-  
cedure in 2018. Markets in Europe were nevertheless  
subject to a high degree of distortion on the supply  
side and pressure on selling prices as a result of the  
conversion. Changes in customer behaviour can also  
be brought about by changes in attitudes, values,  
environmental factors, and fuel or energy prices. In  
order to determine price and margin risks, a scenario  
approach is used. The BMW Group’s flexible sales and  
production processes enable risks to be reduced and  
newly arising opportunities in market and product  
segments to be taken.  
2
013 and with plug-in-hybrid technologies since 2015.  
These technologies have contributed to the fulfilment  
of legal standards and requirements with regard to  
vehicle emissions.  
Further risks can result from the tightening of existing  
import and export regulations. These lead primarily  
to additional expenses but can also restrict imports  
and exports of vehicles or parts.  
An established regulatory framework for innovative  
mobility solutions as well as government incentives  
are important prerequisites for introducing product  
innovations, such as autonomous driving, and for  
scaling up the range of electric mobility offerings. For  
the electrified vehicles of the BMW Group a faster  
expansion of charging infrastructure could increase  
acceptance and help boost sales of planned or recently  
introduced product innovations compared to forecast.  
This includes implementation of the 360° ELECTRIC  
portfolio in the field of electric mobility and collabo-  
ration with Toyota on hydrogen fuel cell technology.  
Local restrictions affecting product usage in specific  
sectors may limit BMW Group sales in individual mar-  
kets. In some urban areas, for instance, local measures  
are being introduced, including entry restrictions,  
congestion charges or, in some situations, highly  
restrictive registration rules. These may impact local  
demand for the BMW Group vehicles affected and  
hence have a negative impact on sales, margins and,  
possibly, the residual values of these vehicles. The  
BMW Group addresses this risk by offering locally  
The BMW Group’s earnings could also be positively * Fuel consumption emissions-free vehicles, such as the BMWi3*, which  
2
and CO emissions  
affected in the short to medium term by changes in  
trading policies. A possible reduction in tariff barriers,  
import restrictions or direct excise duties could lower  
the cost of materials for the BMW Group, and enable  
products and services to be offered to customers at  
lower prices. Further opportunities for the earnings  
performance of the BMW Group from changes in  
legislation and regulatory requirements compared  
to the outlook are classified as insignificant.  
benefit from state subsidies and exemptions.  
information are  
available on  
page 108.  
9
6
Combined  
Management  
Report  
New opportunities are continuously being sought to  
create even greater added value for customers than  
currently expected, and thereby to realise signif-  
icant opportunities with respect to sales growth and  
pricing. Further development of the product and  
mobility portfolio and expansion in growth regions  
offer the most important medium- to long-term  
growth opportunities for the BMW Group. Continued  
growth depends above all on the ability to develop  
innovative products and services and bring them to  
market. In this context, the BMW Group will focus  
on developing autonomous driving and on expanding  
mobility services via the planned joint venture with  
the Daimler Group. If the negative impact of the cur-  
rent competitive situation is reduced more quickly  
than expected, additional opportunities will arise  
for the BMW Group. Compared to the assumptions  
made in the outlook, the BMW Group expects these  
opportunities to have no significant earnings impact  
over the two-year assessment period.  
customer wishes to be met appropriately and allow any  
backlogs caused by temporary interruptions in pro-  
duction to be made up within a short to medium time  
frame. Other measures worthy of mention include the  
technical fire protection and anti-flooding measures  
undertaken at the San Luis Potosí plant in Mexico.  
Risks arising from business interruptions due to fire  
in production facilities or at suppliers are also appro-  
priately covered with insurance companies of good  
credit standing. Measures taken in connection with  
the current challenges posed by Brexit include build-  
ing up adequate levels of safety stocks and increasing  
flexibility along the supply chain.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
In order to meet high standards in product quality  
and achieve favourable external ratings (e.ꢀg. for  
product safety), reduce statutory and non-statutory  
warranty obligations and keep down follow-up costs  
arising from other changes in planning assumptions,  
it may be necessary to incur a higher level of expen-  
diture than originally forecast. If warranty expenses,  
including provisions for recalls, were to exceed the  
amounts previously recognised and expected, higher  
allocations to provisions in connection with goodwill  
and warranty measures would have a negative impact  
on the BMW Group. Such an allocation, for example,  
to the warranty provision was made in 2018, among  
other things in connection with the exhaust gas recir-  
culation cooler. In addition, availability of products  
may be limited, particularly at the start of production  
for new vehicle projects. These risks are mitigated  
through regular audits and the continual improve-  
ment of quality management, which ensures the high  
standard of quality. The BMW Group also recognises  
appropriate accounting provisions for statutory and  
non-statutory warranty obligations. These reduce the  
risk to earnings, as they are already taken into account  
in the outlook. It cannot be ruled out, however, that  
damages could arise that are either not covered or not  
fully covered by provisions.  
Risks and opportunities relating to operations  
Risks and opportunities relating to production  
and technologies  
Risks relating to production processes and technology  
fields are particularly apparent in potential sources  
of interruptions in production or additional costs to  
comply with quality standards under changed market  
conditions. If risks arising from production processes  
and technologies were to materialise, they could have  
a high earnings impact over the two-year assessment  
period. The corresponding risk amounts are classified  
as medium.  
Production stoppages and downtimes due to fire,  
machine and tooling breakdowns, IT disruptions,  
damage to infrastructure, power failures, transporta-  
tion and logistical disruptions represent risks which  
the BMW Group addresses through appropriate  
precautions.  
Further information on risks related to provisions for  
statutory and non-statutory warranty obligations is pro-  
see vided in note 33 to the Group Financial Statements.  
Production structures and processes are designed  
from the outset with measures to minimise potential  
damage and the probability of occurrence. The inter-  
changeability of production facilities, preventative  
maintenance and management of spare parts across  
sites play an important role within the production  
network. Risk is also reduced through flexible working  
hour models and working time accounts as well as the  
ability to build individual split models or engine types  
with a high degree of flexibility – either additionally or  
alternatively – at plants of the BMW Group, depend-  
ing on requirements. These various features enable  
notes 33  
9
7
The BMW Group sees opportunities in production  
processes and technology fields primarily through  
the competitive edge gained from mastering new  
and complex technologies. Opportunities could  
arise as a result of further technological innovations  
related to products or processes, as well as from  
organisational changes which improve efficiency or  
increase competitiveness of the BMW Group. The  
early integration of WLTP-related requirements into  
production and sales planning systems, for instance,  
enabled the BMW Group to offer its fleet customers  
the usual product range without interruption. Given  
the long lead times in developing new products and  
processes, additional opportunities are not expected  
to have a significant impact on earnings during the  
outlook period.  
BMW Group checks for compliance with the sus-  
tainability standards for the supplier network. This  
includes compliance with internationally recognised  
human rights and applicable labour and social stan-  
dards. The principal means for ensuring compliance  
with the Sustainability Standards is a three-stage risk  
management system for sustainability. In addition,  
the technical and financial capabilities of suppliers  
are monitored, especially where modular-based  
production is concerned. Supplier sites are assessed  
for exposure to natural hazards, such as floods or  
earthquakes, in order to identify supply risks at an  
early stage and implement appropriate precautions.  
Fire risks at series suppliers are evaluated by means  
of questionnaires and selective site inspections. In  
order to minimise supply risks of raw materials, the  
BMW Group draws up measures to reduce the use of  
raw materials or to substitute alternative raw materials.  
Risks and opportunities relating to purchasing  
Purchasing risks relate primarily to supply risks  
caused by the failure of a supplier as well as risks  
associated with the quality of bought-in parts. Pro-  
duction problems incurred by suppliers could lead to  
increased expenditure for the BMW Group through  
to interruptions in production and a corresponding  
reduction in sales. The increasing complexity of the  
supplier network, especially at the level of lower tier  
suppliers, whose operations can only be indirectly  
influenced by the BMW Group, is a further poten-  
tial cause of downtimes at supplier locations. The  
increased threat of cyberattacks along the supplier  
chain also give cause for a more critical assessment of  
the risk situation, in this case in anticipation of future  
potential risks relating to security of supply and the  
protection of internal know-how. If purchasing risks  
were to materialise, they could have a high earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. The risk  
amount attached to purchasing risks is classified as high.  
The BMW Group pays particular attention to the quality  
of the parts built into its vehicles. In order to attain a  
very high level of quality, it may become necessary to  
invest in new technological concepts or discontinue  
planned innovations, with the result that the cost of  
materials could exceed levels accounted for in the  
outlook. By monitoring and developing global supplier  
markets, the BMW Group continuously strives to  
optimise its competitiveness by working together  
with the world’s best product and service providers.  
Within the Purchasing and Supplier Network, oppor-  
tunities arise above all in the area of global sourcing  
through increased efficiency and the use of innova-  
tions developed by suppliers, which can lead to a  
broader range of products. Making full use of location-  
specific cost factors, in particular through local supplier  
structures in close proximity to new and existing  
BMW Group production plants and the introduction  
of new, innovative production technologies, could lead  
to lower cost of materials for the BMW Group. One  
goal of the BMW Group is to manufacture battery cells  
in Europe and to establish the relevant value chain for  
cell production. In order to secure the BMW Group’s  
electrification strategy, a contract was signed with  
CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology) for the  
supply of battery cells. The plant is currently under  
construction in Thuringia. Integration of previously  
unidentified innovations from the supplier market  
in the Group’s product range could provide a further  
source of opportunities. The BMW Group offers inno-  
vative suppliers numerous possibilities for creating  
specific contractual arrangements which are attractive  
Close cooperation between carmakers and suppli-  
ers in the development and production of vehicles  
and the provision of services generates economic  
benefits, but also increased dependency. Potential  
reasons for the failure of individual suppliers include  
in particular increased IT-related risk, non-compliance  
with sustainability or quality standards, insufficient  
financial strength of a supplier, the occurrence of  
natural hazards, fires and insufficient supply of raw  
materials. In order to ensure a uniform level of security  
for all parties concerned along the added valueꢀ/ꢀsupply  
chain, the BMW Group focuses on obtaining evi-  
dence of appropriate IT security certification from  
its suppliers. As part of supplier pre-selection, the  
9
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Combined  
Management  
Report  
for those developing innovative solutions. At regular  
intervals, the BMW Group honours its most inventive  
suppliers with the Supplier Innovation Award. The  
BMW Group expects these opportunities to have no  
significant earnings impact over the assessment period  
as compared to the assumptions made in the outlook.  
In addition to cyberattacks and direct physical inter-  
vention, lack of knowledge or misconduct on the  
part of employees may also represent a danger to the  
confidentiality, integrity and availability of informa-  
tion, data and systems. Direct consequences include  
expenditure required to limit the immediate damage  
and to restore systems promptly. Negative impacts on  
revenue due to the non-availability of products and  
services or disruptions in the production of compo-  
nents or vehicles are also possible. A further indirect  
result could be reputational damage.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and opportunities relating to sales and marketing  
In order to sell its products and services, the  
BMW Group employs a global sales network, com-  
prising primarily independent dealerships, branches,  
subsidiaries and importers. Any threat to the contin-  
ued activities of parts of the sales network would entail  
risks for the BMW Group. The occurrence of sales  
and marketing risks is associated with a low earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. The risk  
level is classified as low. New developments in the  
field of digital communication and connectivity in par-  
ticular offer new opportunities for the BMW Group’s  
brands. Since 2017 BMW CarData has made it possible  
to provide customised service offers to BMW drivers  
based on data from the vehicle. If customers wish  
to use a specific service and actively consent to the  
release of their telematics data, requesting companies  
receive the data they need for the service in encrypted  
form via BMW’s secure backend database. This infor-  
mation provides the basis for customised, data-based  
and innovative service options. Additional opportu-  
nities could arise if new sales channels contribute to  
greater brand reach to customer groups than currently  
envisaged in the outlook. Digital communication  
and connectivity enable consumers to be reached  
on a more targeted and individualised basis, thus  
strengthening long-term relationships and brand  
loyalty. This can lead to a more intense product and  
brand experience for customers, which could result  
in higher sales volume and have a positive impact on  
revenues and earnings. The BMW Group invests in  
advanced marketing concepts in order to intensify  
customer relationships. The BMW Group estimates  
the earnings impact as insignificant over the two-year  
assessment period as compared to the assumptions  
made in the outlook.  
Great importance is attached to the protection of the  
confidentiality, integrity and availability of business  
information as well as employee and customer data,  
for instance as a result of unauthorised access or  
misuse. Data security is an integral component of  
all business processes and is aligned with the Inter-  
national Standard ISOꢀ/ꢀIEC 27001. As part of risk  
management, information security, data protection  
and IT risks are systematically documented, allocated  
appropriate measures by the departments concerned  
and continuously monitored with regard to threat  
level and risk mitigation. Regular analyses and controls  
as well as rigorous security management ensure an  
appropriate level of security. Despite continuous  
testing and preventative security measures, it is impos-  
sible to eliminate risks completely in this area. All  
employees are required to treat with care information  
such as confidential business, customer and employee  
data, to use information systems securely and handle  
risks with transparency. Group-wide requirements  
are documented in a comprehensive set of principles,  
guidelines and instructions, such as, for example, the  
Privacy Corporate Rules for handling personal data.  
Regular communication and awareness-raising mea-  
sures create a high level of security and risk awareness  
among those involved. Employees receive training to  
ensure compliance with the applicable requirements  
and internal rules. With regard to cooperations and  
business partnerships, the BMW Group protects its  
intellectual property as well as customer and employee  
data through clear instructions on information secu-  
rity and data protection and the use of information  
technology. Information pertaining to key areas of  
expertise as well as sensitive personal data are subject  
to particularly stringent security measures. Technical  
data protection incorporates industry-wide standards  
and good practices. Responsibility for information  
security and data protection lies for each Group  
entity with the Board of Management or relevant  
management team.  
Information, data protection and IT  
Increasing digitalisation across all areas of business  
places considerable demands on the confidentiality,  
integrity and availability of electronically processed  
data and the associated use of information technology  
(
IT). In addition to the increased threat of cybercrime,  
regulations covering the handling of personal data are  
becoming more stringent, for example as a result of  
the EU General Data Protection Regulation. If risks  
relating to information security, data protection and  
IT were to materialise, they could have a high earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. Despite  
extensive security measures, the risks in this area are  
classified as high.  
9
9
With the advance of digitalisation, the BMW Group  
is improving the customer experience and its existing  
lines of business. At the same time, new digital busi-  
ness segments are emerging, which are mainly focused  
on information technology. The development and  
provision of digital services for customers, increased  
vehicle connectivity and autonomous driving solutions  
are opening up new opportunities. Through BMW  
ConnectedDrive and BMW CarData the range of  
services and apps on offer to customers is constantly  
Risks and opportunities relating to raw materials  
As a large-scale manufacturing company, the BMW Group  
is exposed to purchase price risks, particularly in rela-  
tion to raw materials used in vehicle production.  
The analysis of raw material price risk is based on  
planned purchases of raw materials and components  
containing those raw materials. If risks relating to raw  
materials prices were to materialise, they could have  
a medium earnings impact over the two-year assess-  
ment period. A medium risk level is attached to risks.  
Significant opportunities could arise if raw materials  
prices developed favourably for the BMW Group.  
being expanded and updated. Starting in March 2019  
,
the BMW Intelligent Personal Assistant will provide  
customers with an intelligent, digital character that  
enables voice access to functions and information. The  
BMW Group expects these opportunities to have no  
significant earnings impact over the assessment period  
as compared to the assumptions made in the outlook.  
Changes in commodity prices are monitored on the  
basis of a well-defined management process. The  
principal objective is to increase planning reliability  
for the BMW Group. Price fluctuations for precious  
metals (platinum, palladium, rhodium), non-ferrous  
metals (aluminium, copper, lead, nickel) and, to some  
extent, for steel and steel ingredients (iron ore, coking  
coal) and energy (gas, electricity) are hedged using  
financial derivatives and supply contracts with fixed  
pricing arrangements.  
Financial risks and risks relating to the use of  
financial instruments  
Currency risks and opportunities  
As an internationally operating enterprise, the  
BMW Group conducts business in a variety of cur-  
rencies, thus giving rise to currency risks and oppor-  
tunities. A substantial portion of Group revenues,  
purchasing and funding occur outside the eurozone  
Liquidity risks  
The major part of the Financial Services segment’s  
credit financing and leasing business is refinanced on  
capital markets. Liquidity risks can arise in the form  
of rising refinancing costs or from restricted access to  
funds as a consequence of the general market situation.  
If liquidity risks were to materialise, they would be  
likely to have a low earnings impact over the two-year  
assessment period. The risk amount associated with  
liquidity risk, including the risk of the BMW Group’s  
rating being downgraded, which would lead to an  
increase in financing costs, is classified as low.  
(
particularly in China and the USA). Cash-flow-at-  
risk models and scenario analyses are used and  
continuously developed to measure currency risks  
and opportunities. If currency risks were to materi-  
alise, they could be associated with a high earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. The risk  
level attached to currency risks is high. Significant  
opportunities can arise if currency developments are  
favourable for the BMW Group.  
Operational currency management is based on the  
results of currency risk analyses. The BMW Group  
manages currency risks at both strategic (medium  
and long term) and operational level (short and  
medium term). Medium- and long-term measures  
include increasing production volumes and purchase  
volumes in foreign currency regions (natural hedging).  
Currency risks are managed in the short to medium  
term and for operational purposes by means of hedg-  
ing on financial markets. The principal objective of  
this currency management process is to increase  
planning reliability for the BMW Group. Hedging  
transactions are entered into only with financial  
partners of good credit standing. Opportunities are  
also secured through the use of options during specific  
market phases.  
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Combined  
Management  
Report  
Based on the experience of the financial crisis, a min-  
imum liquidity concept has been drawn up, which is  
rigorously adhered to and continuously developed.  
Use of the “matched funding principle” to finance the  
Financial Services segment’s operations eliminates  
liquidity risks to a large extent. Solvency is assured at  
all times throughout the BMW Group by maintaining  
a liquidity reserve and by the broad diversification  
of refinancing sources. Regular measurement and  
monitoring ensure that cash inflows and outflows for  
the various maturities and currencies offset each other.  
This approach is incorporated in the BMW Group’s  
target liquidity concept. The liquidity position is moni-  
tored continuously and managed through Group-wide  
planning of financial requirements and funding. A  
diversified refinancing strategy reduces dependency  
on any specific type of instrument. Moreover, the  
BMW Group’s solid financial and earnings position  
results in high credit ratings from internationally  
recognised rating agencies.  
the Group. The amount of funds required to finance  
pension payments out of operations in the future is  
substantially reduced by the fact that the Group’s  
pension obligations are mainly settled out of pension  
fund assets. The pension assets of the BMW Group  
comprise interest-bearing securities, equities, real  
estate and other investment classes. Assets held by  
pension funds and trust arrangements are monitored  
continuously and managed on a risk-and-return basis.  
Diversification of investments also helps to mitigate  
risk. In order to reduce fluctuations in pension fund-  
ing shortfalls, investments are structured to match  
the timing of pension payments and the expected  
development of pension obligations. Remeasurements  
on the liability and fund asset sides are recognised  
net of deferred taxes in other comprehensive income  
and hence directly in equity (within revenue reserves).  
Further information on risks in conjunction with pen-  
see sion provisions is provided in note 32 to the Group  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
notes 32  
Financial Statements.  
Further information on risks in conjunction with  
financial instruments is provided in note 39 to the  
Group Financial Statements.  
Risks and opportunities relating to the Financial  
Services segment  
see  
note 39  
The categories of risk relating to financial services  
comprise credit and counterparty risk, residual value  
risk, interest rate risk, operational risks and liquidity  
risk. Evaluation of liquidity risk for the Financial Services  
segment is included in the liquidity risk category for  
the Group as a whole. The segment’s total risk expo-  
sure was covered at all times during the 2018 financial  
year by the available risk-covering assets. As a result,  
the Financial Services segment’s risk-bearing capacity  
was assured at all times.  
Risks and opportunities relating to pension obligations  
Pension obligations are influenced in particular by  
fluctuations of market yields on corporate bonds, as  
well as by other economic and demographic para-  
meters. Opportunities and risks arise depending  
on changes in these parameters. If risks relating to  
pension obligations materialised, they could have a  
high earnings impact over the two-year assessment  
period. Despite the high level of external funding,  
the risk amounts relating to pension obligations are  
classified as high. Within a favourable capital market  
environment, the return generated by growth-oriented  
pension assets may exceed expectations and reduce  
the deficit of the relevant pension plans. This could  
have a significantly favourable impact on the net asset  
position of the BMW Group.  
Credit and counterparty risks and opportunities  
relating to the Financial Services segment  
Credit and counterparty default risk arises within the  
Financial Services segment if a contractual partner  
(e.ꢀg. a customer or dealer) either becomes unable or  
only partially able to fulfil its contractual obligations,  
so that lower income is generated or losses incurred.  
If credit and counterparty risks were to materialise,  
they could have a medium earnings impact over the  
two-year assessment period. The risk amount is clas-  
sified as medium. The BMW Group classifies potential  
opportunities in this area as significant.  
Future pension payments are discounted on the basis  
of market yields on high-quality corporate bonds.  
These yields are subject to market fluctuation and  
therefore influence the level of pension obligations.  
Changes in other parameters, such as rises in infla-  
tion and longer life expectancy, also impact pension  
obligations and payments. Regulatory requirements  
can influence the amount of pension obligations.  
The BMW Group’s pension obligations are mainly  
held in external pension funds or trust arrangements  
and the related assets legally separated from those of  
1
01  
Initial and continuous creditworthiness testing is  
an important aspect of the BMW Group’s credit  
risk management. For this reason, every borrower’s  
creditworthiness is tested for all credit financing  
and lease contracts entered into by the BMW Group.  
Opportunities can arise when the managed portfolio  
presents itself over time better than as was estimated  
at the provision of the credit. An intense management  
of the purchase process and the securities evaluation  
as well as the development of macroeconomic factors  
can strengthen the opportunities. In the case of retail  
customer financing, creditworthiness is assessed  
using validated scoring systems integrated into the  
purchasing process. In the area of dealership financing,  
creditworthiness is assessed by means of ongoing  
credit monitoring and an internal rating system that  
takes account not only of the material credit standing  
of the borrower, but also of qualitative factors such  
as past reliability in business relations. Changes in  
the creditworthiness of customers arising during the  
credit term are covered by risk provisioning proce-  
dures. The credit risk of the individual customers is  
quantified on a monthly basis and, depending on  
the outcome, taken into account within the risk pro-  
visioning system. Macroeconomic developments are  
currently subject to a higher degree of volatility. If  
developments are more favourable than assumed in  
the outlook, credit losses may be reduced, leading to  
a positive earnings impact.  
premium segment responded here with price declines  
for diesel vehicles. As part of the management of resid-  
ual value risks, the net present value of risk costs is  
calculated at contract inception. Market developments  
are observed throughout the contractual period and  
the risk assessment updated.  
Interest rate risks and opportunities relating  
to the Financial Services segment  
Interest rate risks in the Financial Services segment  
relate to potential losses caused by changes in market  
interest rates. These can arise when fixed interest rate  
periods do not match for assets and liabilities recog-  
nised in the balance sheet. If interest rate risks were  
to materialise, they could have a medium earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. The risk  
amount is classified as medium. The BMW Group  
classifies potential interest rate opportunities com-  
pared to the outlook as significant. Interest rate risks  
in the Financial Services business are managed by  
matching maturities for refinancing and by employing  
interest-rate derivatives. If the relevant recognition cri-  
teria are fulfilled, derivatives used by the BMW Group  
are accounted for as hedging instruments. Further  
information on risks in conjunction with financial  
see instruments is provided in note 39 to the Group  
notes 39  
Financial Statements.  
Operational risks in the Financial  
Services segment  
Residual value risks and opportunities relating  
to the Financial Services segment  
Operational risks are defined in the Financial Services  
segment as the risk of losses arising as a consequence  
of unsuitability or failure of internal procedures  
(process risks), people (personnel-related risks), sys-  
tems (infrastructure and IT risks) and external events  
(external risks). The recording and measurement of  
risk scenarios, loss events and countermeasures in  
the operational risk management system provide the  
basis for a systematic analysis and management of  
potential or materialised operational risks. Annual  
self-assessments are also carried out. If operational  
risks were to materialise, they would be likely to have  
a low earnings impact over the two-year assessment  
period. The risk amount is classified as medium.  
Risks and opportunities arise in conjunction with  
leasing contracts if the market value of a leased vehicle  
at the end of the contractual term of a lease differs  
from the residual value estimated at the inception  
of the lease and factored into the lease payments. A  
residual value risk exists if the expected market value  
of the vehicle at the end of the contractual term is  
lower than its estimated residual value at the date  
the contract is entered into. If residual value risks  
were to materialise, they could have a high earnings  
impact from the Group’s perspective over the two-year  
assessment period. A high earnings impact would  
then arise for the affected Financial Services and  
Automotive segments. The risk amount is classified  
as high for the Group as a whole. Opportunities can  
arise out of a positive deviation from the original  
residual value forecast. The BMW Group classifies  
potential residual value opportunities as significant.  
Each vehicle’s estimated residual value is calculated  
on the basis of historical external and internal data.  
This estimation provides the expected market value  
of the vehicle at the end of the contractual period.  
Developments on pre-owned car markets represent  
an important factor. In 2018, diesel engines were  
again the subject matter of political discussions in  
the European region. Pre-owned car markets in the  
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Management  
Report  
Legal risks  
The BMW Group recognises appropriate levels of  
provision for lawsuits. In addition, a part of these  
risks is insured where this makes business sense.  
Such items are reported as contingent liabilities. It  
cannot be ruled out, however, that damages could  
arise that are either not covered or not fully covered  
by insurance policies or provisions or reported as  
contingent liabilities. In accordance with IAS 37  
(Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent  
Assets), the required information is not provided  
if the BMW Group concludes that disclosure of the  
information could seriously prejudice the outcome of  
the relevant legal proceedings. Further information  
see on contingent liabilities is provided in note 38 to  
The BMW Group is exposed to various legal risks, not  
least as a result of its global operations. Legal risks may  
result from non-compliance with laws or other legal  
requirements or from legal disputes with business  
partners or other market participants. If legal risks  
were to materialise, they could have a high earnings  
impact over the two-year assessment period. The risk  
amount attached to significant identified legal risks  
is classified as medium. However, it cannot be ruled  
out that new legal risks, as yet unforeseen, could  
materialise that could have a high earnings impact  
for the BMW Group.  
Report on Outlook,  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Risks and  
Opportunities  
Internal Control  
System Relevant for  
Accounting and  
Financial Reporting  
Process  
notes 38  
The increasing globalisation of the BMW Group’s  
operations and of business interdependencies in  
general, combined with the variety and complexity  
of legal provisions, including, increasingly, import  
and export regulations, give rise to an increased risk  
of non-compliance with applicable law. A Compliance  
Management System is in place at BMW Group to  
ensure that the representative bodies, managers  
and staff across the globe consistently act in a lawful  
manner. Further information on the BMW Group’s  
Compliance Management System can be found in the  
section Corporate Governance.  
the Group Financial Statements.  
Overall assessment of the risk and opportunities  
situation  
The overall risk assessment is based on a consolidated  
view of all significant individual risks and opportu-  
nities. The overall risk level for the BMW Group as a  
whole has increased slightly compared to the previous  
year, while there has been no significant change in  
the opportunity situation. Exposure to risks in the  
individual risk categories remains essentially stable.  
Like all entities with international operations, the  
BMW Group is confronted with legal disputes, claims  
particularly relating to warranties and product liability  
or rights infringements and proceedings initiated by  
government agencies. Any of these could, amongst  
other consequences, have an adverse impact on the  
Group’s reputation. Such proceedings are typical  
for the sector and may result as a consequence of  
realigning product or purchasing strategies to changed  
market conditions. Particularly in the US market,  
class action lawsuits and product liability risks can  
have substantial financial consequences and cause  
damage to the Group’s public image. More rigorous  
application or interpretation of existing consumer  
protection regulations could result in a greater number  
of recalls. The high quality of the Group’s products,  
which is ensured by regular quality audits and ongoing  
improvement measures, helps reduce this risk.  
In addition to the risk categories described above,  
unforeseen events could have a negative impact on  
business operations and hence on the BMW Group’s  
results of operations, financial position and net assets  
as well as on its reputation. A comprehensive risk  
management system is in place to ensure that the  
BMW Group successfully manages these risks.  
From today’s perspective, management does not see  
any threat to the BMW Group’s status as a going  
concern. As in the previous year, identified risks are  
considered to be manageable, but could – like the  
opportunities – have an impact on the underlying key  
performance indicators, which could then, as a result,  
deviate from the outlook if they were to materialise.  
The BMW Group’s financial position is stable and cash  
needs are currently covered by available liquidity and  
credit lines.  
Possible risks for the BMW Group related to competi-  
tion and antitrust law cannot in detail be predicted or  
quantified at present. Further information on current  
developments with regard to identified antitrust risks  
and contingent liabilities can be found in note 38  
to the Group Financial Statements.  
see  
note 38  
1
03  
INTERNAL CONTROL  
SYSTEM RELEVANT FOR  
ACCOUNTING AND  
FINANCIAL REPORTING  
PROCESSES  
Controls are integrated into the accounting and finan-  
cial reporting processes, at both individual entity and  
Group level. These are both preventive and detective  
in nature and take account, where appropriate, of  
the principle of the separation of duties. Important  
accounting-related IT systems incorporate controls  
which, amongst others, prevent business transactions  
from being recorded incorrectly and ensure that  
business transactions are recorded completely and in  
good time and measured properly in accordance with  
applicable requirements. Controls are also in place to  
test the appropriateness of consolidation procedures.  
The recording of items requiring disclosure is also  
performed largely through IT systems.  
*
ꢀDisclosuresꢀ  
pursuant to  
*
§
289 (5)  
and § 315 (2)  
no.ꢀ5ꢀHGB.ꢀ  
The internal control system relevant for accounting  
and financial reporting processes has the task of  
ensuring that accounting and financial reporting by  
the BMW Group is both correct and reliable. Inter-  
nationally recognised standards for internal control  
systems have been taken into account in the design of  
the components of the BMW Group’s internal control  
system. The system comprises:  
As part of the ongoing development of accounting and  
financial reporting processes at individual entity or  
Group level, such controls are adapted to take account  
of new requirements and opportunities arising with  
advances in information technology. In addition, the  
BMW Group uses data analysis tools to ensure that  
any control weaknesses are quickly identified and  
eliminated.  
 Group-wide mandatory accounting guidelines,  
controls integrated into processes and  
IT systems,  
Responsibilities for ensuring the effectiveness of  
the internal control system in relation to individual  
entity and Group accounting and financial reporting  
processes are clearly defined and allocated to the  
relevant line and process managers. These report  
annually on their assessment of the effectiveness of the  
internal control system for accounting and financial  
reporting to the Board of Management. The assessment  
also includes the results of internal and external audits  
as well as of ongoing data analysis. In this context,  
the Groupʼs units confirm the effectiveness of the  
internal control system for accounting and financial  
reporting. The results of the assessment are gathered  
and documented with the aid of tools. Weaknesses in  
the control system are eliminated, taking into account  
their potential impact on accounting processes. The  
Board of Management and Audit Committee are  
briefed annually on the assessment of the effective-  
ness of the internal control system for accounting and  
financial reporting. The Board of Management and,  
where applicable, the Supervisory Board are informed  
immediately in the event of any significant changes  
in the effectiveness of the internal control system.  
organisational measures incorporating the  
principle of separation of duties, and  
 process-independent monitoring measures.  
The internal control system is subject to continuous  
improvement, with system effectiveness assessed  
regularly on the basis of centralised and decentralised  
process analyses, analyses of data within the various  
financial systems and audit procedures. The principal  
features of the internal control system, as far as they  
relate to individual entity and Group accounting and  
financial reporting processes, are described below.  
Guidelines for recognising, measuring and allocating  
items to accounts are available to all employees via  
the intranet. New accounting standards are assessed  
for their impact on the BMW Group’s accounting  
and financial reporting. Accounting guidelines and  
processes are reviewed continuously and revised at  
least once a year or more frequently, if necessary.  
1
04  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
DISCLOSURES RELEVANT  
FOR TAKEOVERS AND  
EXPLANATORY COMMENTS HGB.  
The Company’s shares of preferred stock are shares  
within the meaning of §139 ff. AktG, which carry a  
cumulative preferential right in terms of the allocation  
of profit and for which voting rights are excluded.  
These shares confer voting rights only in exceptional  
cases stipulated by law, in particular when the prefer-  
ence amount has not been paid or has not been fully  
paid in one year and the arrears are not paid in the  
subsequent year alongside the full preference amount  
due for that year. With the exception of voting rights,  
holders of shares of preferred stock are entitled to  
the same rights as holders of shares of common stock.  
Article 24 of the Articles of Incorporation confers  
preferential treatment to the non-voting shares of  
preferred stock with regard to the appropriation of the  
Company’s unappropriated profit. Accordingly, the  
unappropriated profit is required to be appropriated  
in the following order:  
*
ꢀDisclosuresꢀ  
pursuant to  
*
§
289 (5) and  
Disclosures Relevant  
for Takeovers  
and Explanatory  
Comments  
§
ꢀ315ꢀ(2)ꢀNo.ꢀ5ꢀ  
Composition of subscribed capital  
The subscribed capital (share capital) of BMW AG  
amounted to €ꢀ658,122,100 at 31 December 2018  
(
2017: €ꢀ657  
no. 1 of the Articles of Incorporation, is subdivided  
into 601,995,196 shares of common stock (91 47 %)  
2017 601 995 196 91 54 %) and 56 126 904 shares of  
non-voting preferred stock ( 53%) (2017 55 605 404  
.46 %), each with a par value of €ꢀ1. The Company’s  
shares are issued to bearer.  
,600,600) and, in accordance with Article 4  
.
(
:
,
,
;
.
,
,
8
.
:
,
,
;
8
(
a) subsequent payment of any arrears on dividends  
on non-voting preferred shares in the order of  
accruement  
The rights and duties of shareholders derive from the  
German Stock Corporation Act (AktG) in conjunction  
with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the  
full text of which is available at  
www.bmwgroup.com. The  
(b) payment of an additional dividend of ꢀ0.02 per  
ꢀ1 par value on non-voting preferred shares  
right of shareholders to have their shares evidenced  
is excluded in accordance with the Articles of Incor-  
poration. The voting power attached to each share  
corresponds to its par value. Each €ꢀ1 of par value  
of share capital represented in a vote entitles the  
holder to one vote (Article 18 no.1 of the Articles of  
Incorporation).  
(c) uniform payment of any other dividends on  
shares of common and preferred stock, provided  
the shareholders do not resolve otherwise at  
the Annual General Meeting  
Restrictions on voting rights or the transfer  
of shares  
As well as shares of common stock, the Company  
has also issued non-voting shares of preferred stock.  
Further information can be found in the section  
Composition of subscribed capital”.  
When the Company issues non-voting shares of  
preferred stock to employees in conjunction with its  
Employee Share Programme, these shares are gener-  
ally subject to a company-imposed blocking period  
of four years, calculated from the beginning of the  
calendar year in which the shares are issued.  
Contractual holding period arrangements also apply to  
shares of common stock acquired by Board of Manage-  
ment members and certain senior department heads  
in conjunction with the share-based remuneration  
programmes (Compensation Report of the Corporate  
see Governance section; note 41 of the Group Financial  
note 41  
Statements).  
1
05  
Direct or indirect investments in capital exceeding  
the following direct or indirect holdings exceeding  
10% of the voting rights at the end of the reporting  
period were held at the stated reporting date:ꢀ  
1
0 % of voting rights  
1
Based on the information available to the Company,  
Direct share of  
voting rights  
Indirect share of  
voting rights  
in %  
StefanꢀQuandt,ꢀGermanyꢀ  
0.2  
9.0  
25.62  
16.63  
16.64  
AQTONꢀSE,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv.ꢀd.ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
AQTONꢀVerwaltungꢀGmbH,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv.ꢀd.ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
AQTONꢀGmbHꢀ&ꢀCo.ꢀKGꢀfürꢀAutomobilwerte,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv.ꢀd.ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
SusanneꢀKlatten,ꢀGermany  
16.6  
0.2  
20.75  
SusanneꢀKlattenꢀBeteiligungsꢀGmbH,ꢀBadꢀHomburgꢀv.ꢀd.ꢀHöhe,ꢀGermany  
1
20.7  
Basedꢀonꢀvoluntaryꢀnotificationsꢀprovidedꢀbyꢀtheꢀlistedꢀshareholdersꢀasꢀatꢀ31ꢀDecemberꢀ2018.  
2
3
4
5
Controlledꢀentities,ꢀofꢀwhichꢀ3ꢀ%ꢀorꢀmoreꢀareꢀattributed:ꢀAQTONꢀSE,ꢀAQTONꢀVerwaltungꢀGmbH,ꢀAQTONꢀGmbHꢀ&ꢀCo.ꢀKGꢀfürꢀAutomobilwerte.  
Controlledꢀentities,ꢀofꢀwhichꢀ3ꢀ%ꢀorꢀmoreꢀareꢀattributed:ꢀAQTONꢀVerwaltungꢀGmbH,ꢀAQTONꢀGmbHꢀ&ꢀCo.ꢀKGꢀfürꢀAutomobilwerte.  
Controlledꢀentities,ꢀofꢀwhichꢀ3ꢀ%ꢀorꢀmoreꢀareꢀattributed:ꢀAQTONꢀGmbHꢀ&ꢀCo.ꢀKGꢀfürꢀAutomobilwerte.  
Controlledꢀentities,ꢀofꢀwhichꢀ3ꢀ%ꢀorꢀmoreꢀareꢀattributed:ꢀSusanneꢀKlattenꢀBeteiligungsꢀGmbH.  
The voting percentages disclosed above may have  
changed subsequent to the stated date if these changes  
were not required to be reported to the Company.  
As the Company’s shares are issued to bearer, the  
Company is generally aware of changes in sharehold-  
ings only if such changes are subject to mandatory  
notification rules.  
Statutory regulations and Articles of Incorporation  
provisions with regard to the appointment and  
removal of members of the Board of Management  
and changes to the Articles of Incorporation  
The appointment or removal of members of the Board  
of Management is based on the rules contained in  
§84 f. AktG in conjunction with §31 of the German  
Co-Determination Act (MitbestG).  
Shares with special rights which confer control  
rights  
There are no shares with special rights which confer  
control rights.  
Amendments to the Articles of Incorporation must  
comply with §179 ff. AktG. Amendments must be  
decided upon by the shareholders at the Annual  
General Meeting (§119 (1) no.5, §179 (1) AktG). The  
Supervisory Board is authorised to approve amend-  
ments to the Articles of Incorporation which only affect  
its wording (Article 14 no.3 of the Articles of Incorpo-  
ration). Resolutions are passed at the Annual General  
Meeting by simple majority of shares exercised unless  
otherwise explicitly required by binding provisions of  
law or, when a majority of share capital is required,  
by simple majority of shares represented in the vote  
(Article 20 no.1 of the Articles of Incorporation).  
Control of voting rights when employees  
participate in capital and do not exercise their  
control rights directly  
Like all other shareholders, employees exercise their  
control rights pertaining to shares they have acquired  
in conjunction with the Employee Share Programme  
andꢀ/ꢀor the share-based remuneration programme  
directly on the basis of relevant legal provisions and  
the Company’s Articles of Incorporation.  
1
06  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
Authorisations of the Board of Management in  
particular with respect to the issuing or buying  
back of shares  
The Board of Management is authorised to buy back  
shares and sell repurchased shares in situations speci-  
fied in §71 AktG, for example to avert serious and  
imminent damage to the Company andꢀ/ꢀor to offer  
shares to persons employed or previously employed  
by BMWAG or one of its affiliated companies.  
Significant agreements of the Company taking  
effect in the event of change in control following a  
takeover bid  
BMWAG is party to the following major agreements,  
which contain provisions that would apply in the event  
of a change in control or the acquisition of control as a  
result of a takeover bid:  
Disclosures Relevant  
for Takeovers  
and Explanatory  
Comments  
An agreement concluded with an international  
consortium of banks relating to a syndicated  
credit line, which was not being utilised at the  
balance sheet date, entitles the lending banks  
to give extraordinary notice to terminate the credit  
line, such that all outstanding amounts, including  
interest, would fall due immediately if one or more  
parties jointly acquire direct or indirect control  
of BMWAG. The term control is defined as the  
acquisition of more than 50ꢁ% of the share capital  
of BMWAG, or the right to receive more than 50ꢁ%  
of the dividend or the right to direct the affairs  
of the Company or appoint the majority of the  
members of the Supervisory Board.  
In accordance with the resolution passed at the  
Annual General Meeting on 15 May 2014, the Board of  
Management is also authorised up until 14 May 2019  
to acquire shares of non-voting preferred stock of the  
Company via the stock exchange, up to a maximum  
of 1% of the share capital existing at the date of the  
resolution. The consideration paid by the Company  
per share of non-voting preferred stock (excluding  
transaction costs) may not be more than 10% above  
or below the market price of the stock determined  
by the opening auction on the date of trading in the  
Xetra trading system (or a successor system having a  
comparable function). Moreover, the Board of Man-  
agement is authorised to use the acquired own shares  
of non-voting preferred stock for all legally admissible  
purposes, specifically including the right to offer for  
sale and transfer shares to persons employed by the  
Company or one of its affiliated companies up to a  
proportionate amount of €ꢀ5 million of share capital.  
The subscription rights of existing shareholders to the  
new shares of preferred stock used for the purpose  
stated above are excluded. The authorisations may  
also be exercised in parts over several transactions.  
A cooperation agreement concluded with  
Peugeot SA relating to small (1- to 1.6-litre)  
petrol engines entitles each of the cooperation  
partners to give extraordinary notification of  
termination in the event of a competitor acquiring  
control over the other contractual party and if  
any concerns of the other contractual party re-  
garding the impact of the change of control on  
the cooperation arrangements are not resolved  
during the subsequent discussion process.  
In accordance with Article  
4
no.  
5
of the Articles of  
BMWAG acts as guarantor for all obligations aris-  
Incorporation, the Board of Management is authorised,  
with the approval of the Supervisory Board, to increase  
for cash contributions BMWAG’s share capital during  
the period until 14 May 2019 by up to €ꢀ3,132,883 for  
the purposes of an Employee Share Programme by  
issuing new non-voting shares of preferred stock,  
which carry the same rights as existing non-voting  
preferred stock (Authorised Capital 2014). Subscrip-  
tion rights of existing shareholders are excluded. No  
conditional capital is in place at the reporting date.  
ing from the joint venture agreement relating  
to BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd. in China. This  
agreement grants an extraordinary right of termi-  
nation to either joint venture partner in the event  
that – either directly or indirectly – more than 25ꢁ%  
of the shares of the other party are acquired by a  
third party, or if the other party is merged with  
another legal entity. The termination of the joint  
venture agreement may result in the sale of the  
shares to the other joint venture partner or in the  
liquidation of the joint venture entity.  
Framework agreements are in place with financial  
institutions and banks (ISDA Master Agreements)  
relating to trading activities with derivative finan-  
cial instruments. These agreements include an  
extraordinary right of termination which triggers  
actions in the event that the creditworthiness of  
the party involved is significantly weaker following  
a direct or indirect acquisition of beneficially  
owned equity capital that confers the power to elect  
a majority of the Supervisory Board of a contrac-  
tual party or any other ownership interest that  
1
07  
enables the acquirer to exercise control over a  
contractual party, or which constitutes a merger  
or a transfer of net assets.  
Several supply and development contracts between  
BMWAG and various industrial customers, all  
relating to the sale of components for drivetrain  
systems, grant an extraordinary right of ter-  
mination to the relevant industrial customer in  
specified cases of a change in control at BMWAG  
(for example BMWAG merges with a third party  
or is taken over by a third party; an automobile  
manufacturer acquires more than 50ꢁ% of the voting  
rights or share capital of BMWAG).  
Financing agreements in place with the European  
Investment Bank (EIB) entitle the EIB to request  
early repayment of the loan in the event of an  
imminent or actual change in control of BMWAG,  
if the EIB has reason to assume – after the change  
in control or 30 days after it has made a request  
to discuss the situation – that the change in control  
could have a significantly adverse impact, or if  
the borrower refuses to hold any such discussions.  
A change in control of BMWAG arises if one  
or more individuals take over or lose control of  
BMWAG, with control being defined in the  
above-mentioned financing agreements as  
BMWAG is party to the shareholder agreement  
relating to There Holding B.ꢀV., which is the  
majority shareholder of the HERE Group. In  
accordance with the shareholder agreement,  
each contractual party is required to offer its  
directly or indirectly held shares in There  
Holding B.ꢀV. for sale to the other shareholders  
in the event of a change in control. A change  
in control of BMWAG arises if a person takes  
over or loses control of BMWAG, with control  
defined as (i) holding or having control over  
more than 50ꢁ% of the voting rights, (ii) the  
possibility to control more than 50ꢁ% of voting  
rights exercisable at Annual General Meetings  
on all or nearly all matters, or (iii) the right to  
determine the majority of members of the  
Board of Management or the Supervisory Board.  
Furthermore, a change in control occurs if  
competitors of the HERE Group or certain potential  
competitors of the HERE Group from the tech-  
nology sector acquire at least 25ꢁ% of BMWAG.  
If none of the other shareholders acquire these  
shares, the other shareholders are entitled to  
resolve that There Holding B.ꢀV. be dissolved.  
(i) holding or having control over more than 50ꢁ%  
of the voting rights, (ii) the right to appoint the  
majority of the members of the Board of Man-  
agement or Supervisory Board, (iii) the right to  
receive more than 50ꢁ% of dividends payable  
or (iv) any other comparable controlling influence  
over BMWAG.  
On the basis of a Business Combination Agree-  
ment concluded on 28 March 2018, BMWAG  
and Daimler AG have established five operating  
joint ventures in the areas of car sharing, ride  
hailing, parking, charging and multimodality, into  
which BMW has contributed a number of busi-  
nesses, including DriveNow, Parkmobile, Digital  
Charging Solutions and ReachNow. The Frame-  
work Joint Venture Agreement entitles Daimler AG  
and BMWAG (principals) each to initiate a bid-  
ding process in the event that (i) a shareholder  
or third party notifies the other principal  
pursuant to §ꢁ33 WpHG that voting rights, includ-  
ing those attributed pursuant to §ꢁ34 WpHG,  
have reached the threshold of 50ꢁ% or pursuant  
to §ꢁ20 AktG that a shareholding of more than  
The development collaboration agreement betwee  
n
BMWAG, Intel Corporation and Mobileye Vision  
Technologies Ltd., relating to the development of  
technologies used in highly and fully automated  
vehicles, may be terminated by any of the con-  
tractual parties if a competitor of one of the  
parties acquires and subsequently holds at least  
30ꢁ% of the voting shares of one of the contrac-  
tual parties.  
5
0ꢁ% exists, or (ii) a shareholder or a third party  
holds more than 50ꢁ% of the voting rights or  
shares in the other principal, including those at-  
tributed pursuant to §ꢁ30 WpHG (iii) a share-  
holder or third party entered into a domination  
agreement with the other principal, who is the  
dominated entity. Such a bidding process is re-  
quired to be carried out for each of the above-  
mentioned business divisions as well as for the  
special-purpose entity holding the relevant  
trademark rights, whereby the highest bidding  
principal for the respective business division  
or special-purpose entity wins the relevant bid.  
The development collaboration agreement between  
BMWAG, FCA US LLC and FCA Italy S.ꢀp.ꢀA.,  
relating to the development of technologies used  
in automated vehicles, may be terminated by  
any of the contractual parties if certain competi-  
tors in the technology sector acquire and sub-  
sequently hold at least 30ꢁ% of the voting shares  
of the other contractual party.  
1
08  
Combined  
Management  
Report  
BMWAG has agreed with Great Wall Motor  
Company Limited to establish the joint venture  
Spotlight Automotive Ltd. in China. The  
agreement grants an extraordinary right of  
termination to either joint venture partner  
in the event that – either directly or indirectly –  
more than 25ꢁ% of the shares of the other  
party are acquired by a third party or the other  
party is merged with another legal entity.  
The termination of the joint venture agreement  
may result in the sale of the shares to the  
other joint venture partner or in the liquidation  
of the joint venture entity.  
Disclosures Relevant  
for Takeovers  
and Explanatory  
Comments  
Compensation agreements with members of the  
Board of Management or with employees in the  
event of a takeover bid  
The BMW Group has not concluded any compensation  
agreements with members of the Board of Manage  
ment or with employees for situations involving a  
takeover offer.  
-
Fuel consumption and CO emissions information  
2
66  
Electric power  
Fuel consumption  
in l /100 km  
CO2 emissions  
in g / km  
(combined)  
consumption  
in kWh /100 km  
(combined)  
Model  
(combined)  
BmW  
BMWꢀM2ꢀCompetition  
BMWꢀM3  
10.0 – 9.8  
9.1  
227– 224  
209  
BMWꢀM3ꢀCS  
8.5  
198  
BMWꢀM5ꢀ/ꢀCompetition  
BMWꢀX3ꢀM40i  
10.8 –10.7  
9.1  
246 – 243  
207– 206  
mini  
MINIꢀCooperꢀSEꢀCountrymanꢀALL4  
2.5 – 2.4  
56 – 55  
13.7 –13.2  
rolls-royce  
Cullinan  
15  
341  
Phantom  
14.5 – 14.4  
330 – 328  
BmW electriFied models  
BMWꢀi3ꢀ(120ꢀAh)ꢀwithꢀpureꢀelectricꢀdriveꢀBMWꢀeDrive  
BMWꢀi3sꢀ(120ꢀAh)ꢀwithꢀpureꢀelectricꢀdriveꢀBMWꢀeDrive  
BMWꢀi8ꢀCoupé  
0
0
13.1  
14.6 –14.0  
14.0  
1.8  
2.0  
42  
46  
BMWꢀi8ꢀRoadster  
14.5  
GROUP FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS  
Page 110 Income Statement  
Page 110 Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 112 Balance Sheet  
Page 114 Cash Flow Statement  
Page 116 Statement of Changes in Equity  
Page 118 Notes to the Group Financial Statements  
Page 118 Accounting Principles and Policies  
Page 139 Notes to the Income Statement  
Page 145 Notes to the Statement of Comprehensive Income  
Page 146 Notes to the Balance Sheet  
3
Group Financial  
Statements  
Page 167 Other Disclosures  
Page 184 Segment Information  
Income Statement  
Statement of  
Comprehensive  
Income  
Page 190 List of Investments at 31 December 2018  
Balance Sheet  
Cash Flow  
Statement  
3
Notes  
1
10  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
INCOME STATEMENT  
BMW Group  
Income Statement  
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME  
Statement of Com-  
prehensive Income  
Income Statements for Group and Segments  
67  
Automotive  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Motorcycles  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
Group  
2018  
in € million  
Note  
2017*  
2018  
2017*  
2018  
2017*  
Revenues  
8
9
97,480  
– 78,924  
18,556  
– 9,558  
774  
98,282  
– 78,329  
19,953  
– 9,560  
720  
85,846  
– 71,918  
13,928  
– 7,880  
810  
85,742  
– 69,402  
16,340  
– 7,927  
675  
2,173  
–1,738  
435  
– 263  
4
2,272  
–1,798  
474  
– 256  
4
Cost of sales  
Gross profit  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Other operating income  
10  
11  
11  
Other operating expenses  
– 651  
9,121  
632  
–1,214  
9,899  
739  
– 676  
6,182  
632  
–1,200  
7,888  
739  
–1  
–15  
207  
Profit / loss before financial result  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Interest and similar income  
Interest and similar expenses  
Other financial result  
175  
24  
12  
12  
13  
397  
201  
567  
325  
– 386  
51  
– 412  
248  
– 533  
129  
– 530  
295  
– 6  
– 2  
Financial result  
694  
776  
795  
829  
– 6  
– 2  
Profit / loss before tax  
9,815  
– 2,575  
7,240  
– 33  
10,675  
– 2,000  
8,675  
6,977  
–1,853  
5,124  
– 33  
8,717  
– 3,418  
5,299  
169  
– 45  
124  
205  
– 63  
142  
Income taxes  
14  
Profit / loss from continuing operations  
Loss from discontinued operations  
Net profit / loss  
7,207  
90  
8,675  
86  
5,091  
30  
5,299  
22  
124  
142  
Attributable to minority interest  
Attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
Basic earnings per share of common stock in €  
Basic earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
Dilutive effects  
31  
15  
15  
7,117  
10.82  
10.84  
8,589  
13.07  
13.09  
5,061  
5,277  
124  
142  
Diluted earnings per share of common stock in €  
Diluted earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
15  
15  
10.82  
10.84  
13.07  
13.09  
Statement of Comprehensive Income for Group  
68  
in € million  
Note  
2018  
2017*  
Net profit  
7,207  
935  
8,675  
693  
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability for pension plans  
Deferred taxes  
32  
– 217  
718  
– 218  
475  
Items not expected to be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
Marketable securities (at fair value through other comprehensive income)  
Financial instruments used for hedging purposes  
Costs of hedging  
– 30  
39  
–1,381  
– 620  
–157  
674  
1,914  
Other comprehensive income from equity accounted investments  
Deferred taxes  
– 30  
– 597  
–1,171  
155  
Currency translation foreign operations  
192  
Items that can be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Total comprehensive income  
–1,322  
– 604  
6,603  
90  
19  
31  
630  
9,305  
86  
Total comprehensive income attributable to minority interests  
Total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
6,513  
9,219  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6 to the Group Financial Statements.  
1
11  
Financial Services  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Other Entities  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Eliminations  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
2
018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017*  
2
8,165  
24,541  
,624  
1,352  
27,567  
– 23,986  
3,581  
–1,370  
96  
6
7
–18,710  
19,273  
563  
16  
–17,306  
16,857  
– 449  
20  
Revenues  
Cost of sales  
3
6
7
Gross profit  
– 79  
126  
– 80  
– 27  
– 27  
130  
– 96  
14  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Other operating income  
4
2
– 208  
230  
601  
–185  
210  
124  
–113  
2,194  
Other operating expenses  
2
,190  
– 404  
Profit / loss before financial result  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Interest and similar income  
1
2
12  
1,178  
–1,145  
– 51  
–18  
– 45  
– 36  
– 81  
1,110  
– 986  
– 58  
66  
–1,360  
1,312  
–1,246  
1,116  
14  
27  
29  
–10  
Interest and similar expenses  
Other financial result  
11  
13  
– 48  
553  
–133  
420  
–130  
– 534  
– 340  
– 874  
Financial result  
2
1
1
1
,161  
2,207  
1,840  
4,047  
80  
Profit / loss before tax  
508  
,653  
–19  
61  
Income taxes  
Profit / loss from continuing operations  
Loss from discontinued operations  
Net profit / loss  
,653  
4,047  
64  
– 81  
61  
420  
– 874  
6
0
Attributable to minority interest  
Attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
Basic earnings per share of common stock in €  
Basic earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
Dilutive effects  
,593  
3,983  
– 81  
61  
420  
– 874  
Diluted earnings per share of common stock in €  
Diluted earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
1
12  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
BALANCE SHEET AT 31 DECEMBER 2018  
BMW Group  
Balance Sheet  
at 31 December 2018  
Automotive  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Motorcycles  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
Group  
1
2
2
2
2017  
in € million  
Note  
2018  
1. 1. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Intangible assets  
21  
22  
23  
24  
10,971  
19,801  
38,572  
2,624  
9,464  
18,471  
36,257  
2,769  
9,464  
18,471  
36,257  
2,769  
10,472  
19,372  
8,981  
18,050  
95  
399  
57  
388  
Property, plant and equipment  
Leased products  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
Other investments  
2,624  
4,843  
2,769  
4,985  
739  
690  
690  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
25  
26  
14  
28  
48,109  
1,010  
48,475  
2,369  
48,321  
2,369  
216  
1,302  
2,857  
3,671  
42,615  
Deferred tax  
1,590  
1,965  
1,993  
3,043  
5,085  
45,655  
Other assets  
2,026  
1,630  
1,630  
33  
527  
32  
477  
Non-current assets  
125,442  
122,090  
121,964  
Inventories  
29  
30  
25  
26  
27  
28  
13,047  
2,546  
38,674  
6,675  
1,366  
9,790  
10,979  
461  
12,707  
2,663  
32,087  
7,949  
1,566  
7,485  
9,039  
12,707  
2,667  
32,113  
7,965  
1,566  
7,485  
9,039  
12,462  
2,287  
12,103  
2,354  
568  
167  
580  
160  
Trade receivables  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
4,988  
618  
5,578  
714  
Current tax  
Other assets  
22,016  
8,631  
461  
23,124  
7,157  
2
5
Cash and cash equivalents  
Assets held for sale  
Current assets  
12  
8
2
83,538  
73,496  
73,542  
51,463  
51,030  
749  
753  
Total assets  
208,980  
195,586  
195,506  
97,118  
93,645  
1,276  
1,230  
qꢂIꢁy Aꢃꢄ lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Subscribed capital  
31  
31  
31  
31  
31  
658  
2,118  
658  
2,084  
50,993  
37  
658  
2,084  
50,815  
114  
Capital reserves  
Revenue reserves  
56,121  
–1,338  
57,559  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
53,772  
53,671  
Minority interest  
529  
436  
436  
Equity  
58,088  
54,208  
54,107  
39,778  
39,361  
Pension provisions  
Other provisions  
32  
33  
14  
35  
36  
2,330  
5,776  
3,252  
5,632  
3,252  
5,632  
2,089  
5,363  
1,016  
1,017  
7,549  
17,034  
2,405  
5,175  
1,456  
832  
64  
70  
69  
101  
Deferred tax  
1,806  
2,166  
2,157  
Financial liabilities  
Other liabilities  
64,772  
5,299  
53,521  
5,045  
53,548  
5,045  
6,506  
16,374  
506  
640  
487  
657  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
79,983  
69,616  
69,634  
Other provisions  
33  
34  
35  
37  
36  
2
6,078  
1,158  
38,825  
9,669  
15,117  
62  
6,367  
1,124  
41,097  
9,731  
13,443  
6,367  
1,124  
41,100  
9,731  
13,443  
5,436  
933  
5,710  
874  
101  
99  
Current tax  
Financial liabilities  
879  
947  
Trade payables  
8,360  
24,636  
62  
8,516  
21,863  
348  
187  
355  
119  
Other liabilities  
Liabilities in conjunction with assets held for sale  
Current provisions and liabilities  
70,909  
71,762  
71,765  
40,306  
37,910  
636  
573  
Total equity and liabilities  
208,980  
195,586  
195,506  
97,118  
93,645  
1,276  
1,230  
1
The opening balance sheet figures have been adjusted, based on the first-time application of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9, see notes 6 and 7.  
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6 to the Group Financial Statements.  
2
1
13  
Financial Services  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Other Entities  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Eliminations  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
2
2017  
2
018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Intangible assets  
4
03  
425  
33  
1
1
3
0
Property, plant and equipment  
Leased products  
4
4
6,427  
44,285  
– 7,855  
– 8,028  
1
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
Other investments  
2
6,660  
7,160  
–10,765  
–11,457  
8,109  
48,321  
176  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
1
4
38  
83  
695  
28  
1,089  
130  
– 39  
–198  
442  
–1,964  
– 40,610  
– 61,233  
–1,436  
– 31,783  
– 52,902  
Deferred tax  
3
,562  
3,082  
96,766  
33,956  
41,340  
26,628  
35,008  
Other assets  
9
3
9,153  
Non-current assets  
1
9
7
1
24  
152  
1
1
Inventories  
Trade receivables  
8,674  
32,113  
1,531  
55  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
1
,325  
460  
669  
48,775  
351  
1,163  
797  
45,963  
18  
– 98  
– 307  
7
9
– 66,487  
– 66,938  
Current tax  
5
1
,484  
,985  
5,331  
1,856  
Other assets  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Assets held for sale  
Current assets  
4
7,655  
41,062  
50,256  
47,942  
– 66,585  
– 67,245  
1
46,808  
137,828  
91,596  
82,950  
–127,818  
–120,147  
Total assets  
qꢂIꢁy Aꢃꢄ lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Subscribed capital  
Capital reserves  
Revenue reserves  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
Minority interest  
1
4,919  
14,740  
20,683  
18,102  
–17,292  
–18,096  
Equity  
4
9
72  
356  
128  
706  
Pension provisions  
Other provisions  
3
43  
4
,611  
4,302  
22  
38  
– 3,843  
– 39  
– 3,639  
–198  
Deferred tax  
1
3
6
9,170  
6,333  
0,506  
17,819  
28,835  
51,384  
44,624  
1,168  
45,942  
35,095  
198  
Financial liabilities  
– 40,257  
– 44,139  
– 30,981  
– 34,818  
Other liabilities  
36,037  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
5
2
32  
08  
549  
233  
9
17  
9
17  
Other provisions  
Current tax  
– 98  
– 307  
2
4
7
5,705  
50  
24,853  
849  
12,339  
11  
15,607  
11  
Financial liabilities  
9
Trade payables  
3,988  
45,220  
12,595  
13,167  
– 66,289  
– 66,926  
Other liabilities  
Liabilities in conjunction with assets held for sale  
Current provisions and liabilities  
1,383  
71,704  
24,971  
28,811  
– 66,387  
– 67,233  
1
46,808  
137,828  
91,596  
82,950  
–127,818  
–120,147  
Total equity and liabilities  
1
14  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
CASH FLOW STATEMENT  
BMW Group  
Cash Flow Statement  
Group  
2018  
1
in € million  
2017  
Net profit  
7,207  
33  
8,675  
Loss from discontinued operations  
Current tax  
2,220  
– 1,972  
170  
2,558  
– 2,301  
125  
Income taxes paid  
Interest received2  
Other interest and similar income / expenses2  
Depreciation and amortisation of tangible, intangible and investment assets  
Other non-cash income and expense items  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Gain / loss on disposal of tangible and intangible assets and marketable securities  
Change in deferred taxes  
–199  
5,113  
111  
65  
4,822  
– 249  
– 739  
– 43  
– 632  
– 34  
355  
– 559  
–1,134  
– 7,440  
166  
Change in leased products  
–1,693  
– 5,670  
– 573  
– 357  
112  
Change in receivables from sales financing  
Changes in working capital  
Change in inventories  
–1,293  
45  
Change in trade receivables  
Change in trade payables  
– 328  
– 82  
1,414  
752  
Change in provisions  
Change in other operating assets and liabilities  
Cash inflow /outflow from operating activities  
697  
1,211  
5,909  
5,051  
Total investment in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from subsidies for intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from the disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Expenditure for investment assets  
– 7,777  
21  
– 7,112  
107  
30  
–164  
– 209  
6235  
–142  
Acquisitions of subsidiaries and other business units  
Proceeds from the disposal of investment assets and other business units  
Proceeds from the sale of subsidiaries and other business units  
Investments in marketable securities and investment funds  
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities and investment funds  
Cash inflow /outflow from investing activities  
267  
969  
– 3,725  
3,761  
– 7,363  
– 4,041  
3,866  
– 6,163  
Payments into equity  
25  
– 2,630  
38  
– 2,324  
Payment of dividend for the previous year  
Intragroup financing and equity transactions  
Interest paid2  
–136  
–165  
Proceeds from non-current financial liabilities3  
Repayment of non-current financial liabilities3  
Change in other financial liabilities4  
Cash inflow /outflow from financing activities  
30,762  
– 22,564  
–1,161  
4,296  
23,955  
–16,801  
– 3,131  
1,572  
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents  
Effect of changes in composition of Group on cash and cash equivalents  
Change in cash and cash equivalents  
–19  
– 25  
– 223  
64  
1,940  
1,159  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 1 January  
9,039  
7,880  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 31 December  
10,979  
9,039  
1
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6 to the Group Financial Statements.  
Interest relating to financial services business is classified as revenues / cost of sales.  
Proceeds / Repayment of bonds are recognised under Proceeds / Repayment of non-current financial liabilities. Prior year figures adjusted accordingly.  
The change in commercial paper is recognised under change in other financial liabilities. Prior year figures adjusted accordingly.  
2
3
4
5
Includes dividends received from investment assets amounting to €384 million (2017: €258 million).  
1
15  
Automotive  
unaudited supplementary  
information)  
Financial Services  
(unaudited supplementary  
information)  
(
1
2
018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
5
1
,091  
5,299  
1,653  
4,047  
Net profit  
Loss from discontinued operations  
Current tax  
3
3
,886  
2,699  
–1,896  
125  
308  
– 299  
–114  
– 315  
1,751  
70  
165  
,982  
Income taxes paid  
Interest received2  
1
89  
1
– 5  
Other interest and similar income / expenses2  
Depreciation and amortisation of tangible, intangible and investment assets  
Other non-cash income and expense items  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Gain / loss on disposal of tangible and intangible assets and marketable securities  
Change in deferred taxes  
4
4,699  
25  
34  
35  
8
3
33  
46  
632  
– 739  
– 41  
909  
35  
71  
1
– 2  
28  
–1,872  
–1,855  
– 7,440  
161  
–1,783  
– 5,670  
176  
7
Change in leased products  
Change in receivables from sales financing  
Changes in working capital  
758  
78  
390  
–1,179  
43  
– 20  
19  
Change in inventories  
5
9
60  
Change in trade receivables  
427  
1,214  
1,069  
–1,468  
10,848  
109  
–13  
–1,259  
– 6,790  
162  
Change in trade payables  
3
1
44  
75  
225  
Change in provisions  
705  
Change in other operating assets and liabilities  
Cash inflow /outflow from operating activities  
9
,352  
– 6,384  
7,618  
– 6,972  
–13  
3
–15  
Total investment in intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from subsidies for intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Proceeds from the disposal of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment  
Expenditure for investment assets  
1
8
1
05  
28  
2
2
145  
209  
– 482  
Acquisitions of subsidiaries and other business units  
1
,210  
1,037  
2
1
Proceeds from the disposal of investment assets and other business units  
Proceeds from the sale of subsidiaries and other business units  
Investments in marketable securities and investment funds  
Proceeds from the sale of marketable securities and investment funds  
Cash inflow /outflow from investing activities  
969  
– 231  
211  
937  
3,692  
,562  
6,769  
– 3,810  
3,655  
– 6,544  
– 63  
199  
130  
3
2
5
38  
– 2,324  
567  
Payments into equity  
Payment of dividend for the previous year  
Intragroup financing and equity transactions  
Interest paid2  
Proceeds from non-current financial liabilities3  
Repayment of non-current financial liabilities3  
Change in other financial liabilities4  
2,630  
,099  
2
5,097  
4,315  
136  
1
–165  
12,940  
–12,071  
827  
11,937  
– 7,608  
– 4,310  
4,334  
410  
– 48  
2
73  
1,053  
–1,859  
6,793  
Cash inflow /outflow from financing activities  
31  
25  
– 82  
– 4  
–141  
64  
Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents  
Effect of changes in composition of Group on cash and cash equivalents  
Change in cash and cash equivalents  
1
,474  
2,363  
129  
–1,190  
7
8
,157  
,631  
4,794  
1,856  
1,985  
3,046  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 1 January  
7,157  
1,856  
Cash and cash equivalents as at 31 December  
The reconciliation of liabilities from financing activities is presented in note 35.  
1
16  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW GROUP  
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY  
BMW Group  
Statement of  
Changes in Equity  
Subscribed  
capital  
Capital  
reserves  
Revenue  
reserves  
in € million  
Note  
3
3
1
1 December 2017 (as originally reported)  
31  
658  
2,084  
51,256  
Effect from the first-time application of IFRS 15  
– 441  
1 December 2017 (adjusted according to IFRS 15)  
658  
2,084  
50,815  
Effects from the first-time application of IFRS 9  
178  
January 2018 (adjusted according to IFRS 9)  
658  
2,084  
50,993  
Net profit  
7,117  
718  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income at 31 December 2018  
7,835  
Dividend payments  
– 2,630  
Subscribed share capital increase  
out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase  
relating to preferred stock  
34  
– 77  
Other changes  
3
1 December 2018  
31  
658  
2,118  
56,121  
Subscribed  
capital  
Capital  
reserves  
Revenue  
reserves  
in € million  
Note  
1
1
January 2017 (as originally reported)  
31  
657  
2,047  
44,445  
Effects from the first-time application of IFRS 15  
– 409  
January 2017 (adjusted according to IFRS 15)  
657  
2,047  
44,036  
Net profit*  
8,589  
475  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income at 31 December 2017  
(
adjusted according to IFRS 15)*  
9,064  
Dividend payments  
1
– 2,300  
Subscribed share capital increase  
out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase  
relating to preferred stock  
37  
15  
Other changes*  
3
1 December 2017*  
31  
658  
2,084  
50,815  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6 to the Group Financial Statements.  
1
17  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity  
attributable to  
shareholders  
of BMW AG  
Derivative  
financial  
instruments  
Translation  
differences  
Costs of  
hedging  
Minority  
interest  
Securities  
Total  
1,494  
93  
1,515  
54,112  
436  
54,548  
31 December 2017 (as originally reported)  
– 441  
– 441  
Effect from the first-time application of IFRS 15  
1,494  
93  
1,515  
53,671  
436  
54,107  
31 December 2017 (adjusted according to IFRS 15)  
– 82  
5
101  
101  
Effects from the first-time application of IFRS 9  
1,494  
11  
1,515  
5
53,772  
436  
54,208  
1 January 2018 (adjusted according to IFRS 9)  
–12  
–12  
– 906  
– 906  
– 572  
– 572  
7,117  
– 604  
6,513  
90  
7,207  
– 604  
6,603  
Net profit  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income at 31 December 2018  
1
68  
1
68  
90  
– 2,630  
– 2,630  
Dividend payments  
Subscribed share capital increase  
out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase  
relating to preferred stock  
– 51  
558  
– 2  
34  
–130  
3
34  
–127  
Other changes  
1,326  
–1  
– 569  
57,559  
529  
58,088  
31 December 2018  
Accumulated other equity  
Equity  
attributable to  
shareholders  
of BMW AG  
Derivative  
financial  
instruments  
Translation  
differences  
Costs of  
hedging  
Minority  
interest  
Securities  
Total  
171  
52  
78  
47,108  
255  
47,363  
1 January 2017 (as originally reported)  
– 409  
– 409  
Effects from the first-time application of IFRS 15  
171  
52  
78  
46,699  
255  
46,954  
1 January 2017 (adjusted according to IFRS 15)  
8,589  
630  
86  
8,675  
630  
Net profit*  
1,323  
41  
1,437  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
Comprehensive income at 31 December 2017  
(adjusted according to IFRS 15)*  
1,323  
41  
1,437  
9,219  
86  
9,305  
– 2,300  
1
– 2,300  
1
Dividend payments  
Subscribed share capital increase  
out of Authorised Capital  
Premium arising on capital increase  
relating to preferred stock  
37  
15  
95  
37  
110  
Other changes*  
1,494  
93  
1,515  
53,671  
436  
54,107  
31 December 2017*  
1
18  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES  
AND POLICIES  
NOTES TO  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements THE GROUP  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
FINANCIAL  
STATEMENTS  
01  
Basis of preparation  
The consolidated financial statements of Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMW Group  
Financial Statements or Group Financial Statements)  
at 31 December 2018 have been drawn up in accord-  
ance with International Financial Reporting Standards  
(
IFRS), as endorsed by the European Union (EU), and  
the supplementary requirements of §315a (1) of the  
German Commercial Code (HGB). The Group Finan-  
cial Statements and Combined Management Report  
will be submitted to the operator of the electronic  
version of the German Federal Gazette and can be  
obtained via the Company Register website. Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, which has its  
seat at Petuelring 130, Munich, is registered in the  
Commercial Register of the District Court of Munich  
under the number HRB 42243.  
The Group currency is the euro. All amounts are  
disclosed in millions of euros (€ million) unless stated  
otherwise.  
The BMW Group and segment income statements are  
presented using the cost of sales method.  
In order to provide a better insight into the results of  
operations, financial position and net assets of the  
BMW Group, and going beyond the requirements of  
IFRS 8 (Operating Segments), the Group Financial  
Statements also include income statements and bal-  
ance sheets for the Automotive, Motorcycles, Financial  
Services and Other Entities segments. The Group  
Cash Flow Statement is supplemented by the state-  
ments of cash flows for the Automotive and Financial  
Services segments. This supplementary information is  
unaudited. Inter-segment transactions relate primarily  
to internal sales of products, the provision of funds  
for Group companies and the related interest. These  
items are eliminated in the relevant “Eliminations”  
columns. A description of the nature of the business  
and the major operating activities of the BMW Group’s  
see segments is provided in note 45 (“Explanatory notes  
note 45  
to segment information”).  
On 19 February 2019, the Board of Management  
granted approval for publication of the Group Finan-  
cial Statements.  
1
19  
0
2
with SGL Carbon SE concerning that entity’s gradual  
acquisition of the BMW Group’s 49% shareholding.  
Accordingly, between the beginning of 2018 and the  
end of 2020 at the latest, SGL Carbon SE will become  
the sole owner of the hitherto joint operations. As a  
consequence of the transaction, the joint operations  
are no longer consolidated proportionately in the  
BMW Group Financial Statements and are no longer  
consolidated entities with effect from the financial  
year 2018. SGL Composites LLC continues to be held  
as an investment.  
Group reporting entity  
and consolidation principles  
The BMW Group Financial Statements include BMWAG  
and all material subsidiaries over which BMWAG  
either directly or indirectly – exercises control. This  
also includes 58 structured entities, consisting of asset-  
backed securities entities and special-purpose funds.  
All consolidated subsidiaries have the same year-end as  
BMWAG with the exception of BMW India Private Ltd.  
and BMW India Financial Services Private Ltd., whose  
year-ends are 31 March in accordance with local legal  
requirements.  
The BMW Group is also party to a cooperation with  
Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota City, for the devel-  
opment of a sports car. This cooperation is accounted  
for as a joint operation.  
When assessing whether an investment gives rise to a  
controlled entity, an associated company, a joint oper-  
ation or a joint venture, the BMW Group considers  
contractual arrangements and other circumstances, as  
In the case of a joint venture, the parties which have  
joint control only have rights to the net assets of the  
arrangement.  
well as the structure and legal form of the entity. Discre  
-
tionary decisions may also be required. If indications  
exist of a change in the judgement of (joint) control, the  
BMW Group undertakes a new assessment.  
Associated companies and joint ventures are accounted  
for using the equity method, with measurement on  
initial recognition based on acquisition cost.  
An entity is deemed to be controlled if BMWAG  
either directly or indirectly – has power over it, is  
exposed or has rights to variable returns from it and  
has the ability to influence those returns.  
The following changes took place in the Group report-  
ing entity in the financial year 2018:  
Germany  
Foreign  
Total  
An entity is classified as an associated company if  
BMWAG – either directly or indirectly – has the abil-  
ity to exercise significant influence over the entity’s  
operating and financial policies. As a general rule,  
the Group is assumed to have significant influence  
if it holds 20% or more of the entity’s voting power.  
Included at  
1 December 2017  
3
21  
2
187  
22  
208  
24  
Included for the  
first time in 2018  
No longer included  
in 2018  
15  
15  
Included at  
Joint operations and joint ventures are forms of joint  
arrangements. Such an arrangement exists when a  
BMW Group entity jointly carries out activities with  
a third party on the basis of a contractual agreement.  
3
1 December 2018  
23  
194  
217  
The BMW Group previously operated the joint ven-  
tures DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and DriveNow  
In the case of a joint operation, the parties that have  
joint control of the arrangement have rights to the  
assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the  
arrangement. Assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses  
of a joint operation are recognised proportionately in  
the Group Financial Statements on the basis of the  
BMW Group entity’s rights and obligations (propor-  
Verwaltungs GmbH (DriveNow) together with Sixt SE  
,
Pullach. DriveNow offers car-sharing services in major  
German cities and abroad. In January 2018, the  
BMW Group signed an agreement with Sixt SE for  
the complete acquisition of the shares in DriveNow.  
tionate consolidation). Together with SGL Carbon SE  
,
companies of the BMW Group were previously party  
to joint operations for the manufacture of carbon  
fibres and carbon fibre fabrics used in vehicle pro-  
duction. In November 2017, an agreement was signed  
1
20  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Following approval by the antitrust authorities and  
with effect from 9 March 2018, the BMW Group  
acquired the remaining 50 % of the shares of the  
DriveNow companies together with their subsidiaries  
for a purchase price of €ꢀ209 million. The purchase  
price was settled by the transfer of cash funds. The  
acquisition expands the BMW Group′s strategic  
options for the further development of mobility  
services.  
On 28 March 2018, the BMW Group signed an agree-  
ment with Daimler – subject to anti-trust approval –  
regarding the merger of certain business units that  
provide mobility services. DriveNow is part of this  
agreement and is therefore accounted for as a dis-  
continued operation.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
Assets and liabilities totalling €ꢀ461 million and  
€ꢀ62 million respectively are reported as discontin-  
ued operations at 31 December 2018. These items are  
disclosed separately in the Group Balance Sheet and  
allocated to the Automotive segment. The loss after  
tax from discontinued operations for the financial  
year 2018 amounted to €ꢀ33 million. This amount is  
also disclosed separately in the Income Statements  
for the Group and Segments.  
DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and DriveNow Verwal-  
tungs GmbH and their foreign subsidiaries DriveNow  
Austria GmbH, DriveNow UK Limited, DriveNow  
Sverige AB, DriveNow Belgium S.ꢀp.ꢀr.ꢀl. and DriveNow  
Italy S.ꢀr.ꢀl. have been fully consolidated since the first  
quarter of 2018.  
DriveNow′s equity prior to the acquisition stood at  
a negative amount of €ꢀ2 million. As a result of the  
Following approval by the antitrust authorities and  
with effect from 31 January 2019, the BMW Group  
has now completed the agreement with the Daimler  
Group regarding the merger of certain business units  
that provide mobility services. Existing on-demand  
mobility offerings in the areas of car sharing, ride-  
hailing, parking, charging and multi-modality will  
be combined and strategically expanded. The  
BMW Group and the Daimler Group each hold equal  
shares in the joint ventures that comprise the mobility  
services referred to above.  
step acquisition, the shares already held by BMW  
were remeasured to their fair value, giving rise to a  
gain of €ꢀ209 million, which is included in the result  
on investments. The fair value of shares already held  
amounts to €ꢀ209 million.  
The following table shows the purchase price allocation:  
Fair values at  
in € million  
acquisition date  
As a result of the merger, the investments in the  
companies previously held by BMW will be remea-  
sured to their fair value. This will give rise to a one-off  
positive effect on Group earnings in the region of  
between €ꢀ100 million and €ꢀ300 million. Due to the  
fact that the transaction was completed shortly after  
the BMW Group’s year-end, the work on opening  
balance sheets at the merger date and the calculation  
of the final purchase prices have not yet been finalised.  
For this reason, the final purchase prices cannot yet  
be determined definitively. Similarly, purchase price  
allocations have not yet been finalised. The disclosures  
made should be regarded as provisional since no fur-  
ther information is available at present.  
IꢄꢀꢃꢁIꢅIꢀꢄ ASSꢀꢁS  
Intangible assets  
Trademarks  
111  
22  
9
Trade receivables  
Other receivables  
Inventories  
7
1
Cash and cash equivalents  
5
IꢄꢀꢃꢁIꢅIꢀꢄ lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Provisions  
16  
5
Trade payables  
Deferred tax liabilities  
Other liabilities  
34  
3
Total identified net assets  
97  
GꢆꢆꢄwIll CAlCꢂlAꢁIꢆꢃ  
Consideration transferred (purchase price)  
Total identified net assets  
418  
97  
Goodwill  
321  
1
21  
In December 2017  
,
BMWAG, Audi AG, Ingolstadt,  
translated using the modified closing rate method.  
Under this method, assets and liabilities are translat-  
ed at the closing exchange rate, whilst income and  
expenses are translated at the average exchange rate.  
Differences arising on foreign currency translation are  
presented in “Accumulated other equity”.  
and Daimler AG, Stuttgart, signed agreements to sell  
shares in THERE Holding B.ꢀV. (THERE) to Robert  
Bosch Investment Nederland B.ꢀV., Boxtel, and to  
Continental Automotive Holding Netherlands B.ꢀV.,  
Maastricht. Each of these two parties acquired 5.9% of  
the shares, which were sold in equal parts by BMWAG  
,
Audi AG and Daimler AG. The transactions were  
completed during the first quarter of 2018. The sale  
does not have a significant impact on the results of  
operations, financial position and net assets of the  
BMW Group.  
In the single entity accounts of BMWAG and its sub-  
sidiaries, foreign currency receivables and payables  
are measured on initial recognition using the exchange  
rate prevailing at the date of first-time recognition.  
At the end of the reporting period, foreign currency  
receivables and payables are measured using the clos-  
ing exchange rate. The resulting unrealised gains and  
losses, as well as realised gains and losses arising on  
settlement, are recognised in the income statement.  
Non-monetary balance sheet items denominated in  
foreign currencies are rolled forward on the basis of  
historical exchange rates.  
The other changes to the Group reporting entity do  
not have a material impact on the results of operations,  
financial position and net assets of the Group.  
0
3
Foreign currency translation and measurement  
The financial statements of consolidated compa-  
nies which are presented in a foreign currency are  
The exchange rates of currencies which have a mate-  
rial impact on the Group Financial Statements were  
as follows:  
Closing rate  
31.12. 2018  
Average rate  
2018  
1
Euro =  
31.12. 2017  
2017  
British Pound  
Chinese Renminbi  
Japanese Yen  
Korean Won  
0.89  
7.87  
0.89  
7.80  
0.88  
7.81  
0.88  
7.63  
125.77  
1,271.07  
79.72  
134.93  
1,281.41  
69.04  
130.36  
126.68  
1,276.47  
65.91  
1,298.78  
74.07  
15.62  
1.18  
Russian Rubel  
South African Rand  
US-Dollar  
16.45  
14.81  
15.04  
1.14  
1.20  
1.13  
Argentina has fulfilled the definition of a hyperinfla-  
tionary economy since  
1 July 2018. For this reason,  
IAS 29 (Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary  
Economies) is being applied for the BMW subsidiary in  
Argentina with effect from the financial year 2018. The  
price indices published by the Federación Argentina  
de Consejos Profesionales de Ciencias Económicas  
(
FACPCE) are used to adjust non-monetary assets and  
liabilities and items in the income statement. The  
resulting effects are not significant for the BMW Group  
and for this reason prior year figures have not been  
adjusted.  
1
22  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
04  
Public sector grants are not recognised until there is  
reasonable assurance that the conditions attaching to  
them have been complied with and the grants will be  
received. The resulting income is recognised in cost  
of sales over the periods in which the costs occur that  
they are intended to compensate.  
Accounting policies, assumptions, judgements  
and estimations  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Revenues from contracts with customers include in  
particular revenues from the sale of products and  
leased assets as well as from services. Revenue is  
recognised when control is transferred to the deal-  
ership or retail customer. This is usually the case  
at the point in time when the risks and rewards of  
ownership are transferred. In the case of services,  
control is transferred over time. Revenues are stated  
net of settlement discount, bonuses and rebates as well  
as interest and residual value subsidies. Variable con-  
sideration components, such as bonuses and interest  
subsidies, are measured at the expected value and, in  
the case of multi-component contracts, allocated to all  
performance obligations unless directly attributable  
to the sale of a vehicle. The consideration arising from  
these sales usually falls due for payment immediately  
or within 30 days. In exceptional cases, a longer pay-  
ment may also be agreed.  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
Earnings per share are calculated as follows: Basic  
earnings per share are calculated for common and  
preferred stock by dividing the net profit for the year  
after minority interests and attributable to each cate-  
gory of stock, by the average number of outstanding  
shares. Net profit for the year is accordingly allocated  
to the different categories of stock. The portion of  
net profit that is not being distributed is allocated  
to each category of stock based on the number of  
outstanding shares. Profits available for distribution  
are determined directly on the basis of the dividend  
resolutions passed for common and preferred stock.  
Diluted earnings per share are calculated and sepa-  
rately disclosed in accordance with IAS 33.  
Consideration for the rendering of services to customers  
usually falls due for payment at the beginning of a  
contract and is deferred as a contract liability under  
deferred income. The deferred amount is released over  
the service period and recognised as revenue in the  
income statement. Reflecting the fact that expenses  
are incurred over the period in which services are ren-  
dered, deferred income is released on the basis of the  
expected cost trend. If the sale of products includes a  
determinable amount for services (multiple-component  
contracts), the related revenues are deferred and  
recognised as income in the same way.  
Purchased and internally-generated intangible assets  
are recognised as assets where it is probable that the  
use of the asset will generate future economic benefits  
and where the costs of the asset can be determined  
reliably. Such assets are measured at acquisition  
or manufacturing cost, as a general rule without  
financing costs, and, to the extent that they have a  
finite useful life, amortised on a straight-line basis  
over their estimated useful lives. With the exception  
of capitalised development costs, intangible assets  
are amortised as a general rule over their estimated  
useful lives of between three and 20 years.  
Revenues from the sale of vehicles, for which repur-  
chase arrangements are in place, are not recognised  
immediately in full. Instead, revenues are either recog-  
nised proportionately or the difference between the  
sales and repurchase price recognised in instalments  
over the term of the contract depending on the nature  
of the agreement. This includes in particular revenues  
from vehicle sales, where it is expected that vehicles  
will return to the Group as leased vehicles in the  
subsequent period. In this case, assets and liabilities  
relating to rights of return are recognised.  
Development costs for vehicle, module and architecture  
projects are capitalised at manufacturing cost, to the  
extent that attributable costs (including development-  
related overhead costs) can be measured reliably and  
both technical feasibility and successful marketing  
are assured. It must also be sufficiently probable that  
the development expenditure will generate future  
economic benefits. Capitalised development costs are  
amortised on a straight-line basis following the start  
of production over the estimated product life cycle  
(usually five to 12 years).  
Revenues also include lease rentals and interest  
income from financial services. Income from lease  
instalments arising on operating leases is recognised  
on a straight-line over the lease term. Interest income  
arising on finance leases as well as on retail customer  
and dealership financing is recognised using the effec-  
tive interest method and reported as interest income  
on loan financing within revenues.  
1
23  
Goodwill arises on first-time consolidation of an  
acquired business when the cost of acquisition  
exceeds the Group’s share of the net fair value of the  
assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities identified  
during the acquisition.  
into account. Forecasting assumptions are continually  
adjusted to current information and regularly com-  
pared with external sources. The assumptions used  
take account in particular of expectations of the prof-  
itability of the product portfolio, future market share  
development, macroeconomic developments (such  
as currency, interest rate and raw materials prices)  
as well as the legal environment and past experience.  
If there is any indication of impairment of intangible  
assets, or if an annual impairment test is required  
(
i.ꢀe. intangible assets with an indefinite useful life,  
intangible assets during the development phase and  
goodwill), an impairment test is performed. Each  
individual asset is tested separately unless the cash  
flows generated by the asset are not sufficiently inde-  
pendent from the cash flows generated by other assets  
or other groups of assets. In this case, impairment is  
tested at the level of a cash-generating unit.  
Amounts are discounted on the basis of a market-  
related cost of capital rate. Impairment tests for the  
Automotive and Motorcycles cash-generating units  
are performed using a risk-adjusted pre-tax cost of  
capital (WACC). In the case of the Financial Services  
cash-generating unit, a pre-tax cost of equity capital  
is used, as is customary in the sector. The following  
discount factors were applied:  
For the purpose of the impairment test, the carrying  
amount of an asset (or a cash-generating unit) is com-  
pared with the recoverable amount. The first step of  
the impairment test is to determine the value in use.  
If the value in use is lower than the carrying amount,  
the next step is to determine the fair value less costs to  
sell and compare the amount so determined with the  
asset’s carrying amount. If the fair value is lower than  
the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised,  
reducing the carrying amount to the higher of the  
asset’s value in use or fair value less costs to sell.  
in %  
2018  
2017  
Automotive  
12.0  
12.0  
13.4  
12.0  
12.0  
13.4  
Motorcycles  
Financial Services  
The risk-adjusted discount rate, calculated using a  
CAPM model, also takes into account specific peer-  
group information relating to beta-factors, capital  
structure data and borrowing costs. In conjunction  
with the impairment tests for cash-generating units,  
sensitivity analyses are performed for the main  
assumptions in order to rule out that possible changes  
to the assumptions used to determine the recoverable  
amount would result in the requirement to recognise  
an impairment loss.  
If the reason for a previously recognised impairment  
loss no longer exists, the impairment loss is reversed  
up to the level of the recoverable amount, but no higher  
than the amortised acquisition or manufacturing cost.  
Impairment losses on goodwill are not reversed.  
As part of the process of assessing recoverability, it is  
generally necessary to apply estimations and assump-  
tions – in particular regarding future cash inflows and  
outflows and the length of the forecast period – which  
could differ from actual amounts. Actual amounts  
may differ from the assumptions and estimations  
used if business conditions develop differently to  
expectations.  
The BMW Group determines the value in use on the  
basis of a present value computation. Cash flows  
used for this calculation are derived from long-term  
forecasts approved by management. These long-term  
forecasts are based on detailed forecasts drawn up  
at an operational level and, with a planning period  
of six years, correspond roughly to a typical product  
life cycle of vehicle projects. For the purposes of cal-  
culating cash flows beyond the planning period, a  
residual value is assumed which does not take growth  
1
24  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
All items of property, plant and equipment are measured  
at acquisition or manufacturing cost less accumulated  
depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The  
cost of internally constructed plant and equipment  
comprises all costs which are directly attributable  
to the manufacturing process as well as an appro-  
priate proportion of production-related overheads.  
This includes production-related depreciation and  
amortisation as well as an appropriate proportion  
of administrative and social costs. Financing costs  
are not included in acquisition or manufacturing cost  
unless they are directly attributable to the asset. The  
carrying amount of items of depreciable property,  
plant and equipment is written down according to  
scheduled usage-based depreciation – as a general  
rule on a straight-line basis – over the useful lives of  
the assets. Depreciation is recorded as an expense in  
the income statement.  
Group products recognised by BMW Group entities as  
leased products under operating leases are measured at  
manufacturing cost, including any initial direct costs.  
All other leased products are measured at acquisition  
cost. All leased products are depreciated over the period  
of the lease using the straight-line method down to  
their expected residual value. Where the recoverable  
amount of a lease exceeds the asset’s carrying amount,  
changes in residual value expectations are recognised  
by adjusting scheduled depreciation prospectively  
over the remaining term of the lease. If the recoverable  
amount is lower than the asset′s carrying amount,  
an impairment loss is recognised for the shortfall. A  
test is carried out at each balance sheet date to deter-  
mine whether an impairment loss recognised in prior  
periods no longer exists or has decreased. In such  
cases, the carrying amount of the asset is increased  
to the recoverable amount, at a maximum up to the  
amount of the asset’s amortised cost.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
The following useful lives are applied throughout the  
BMW Group:  
Assumptions and estimations are required regarding  
future residual values, since these represent a signif-  
icant part of future cash inflows. Relevant factors  
to be considered include the trend in market prices  
and demand on the pre-owned vehicle market. The  
assumptions are based on internally available historical  
data and current market data as well as on forecasts of  
external institutions. Furthermore, assumptions are  
regularly validated by comparison with external data.  
in years  
Factory and office buildings, residential buildings, fixed  
installations in buildings and outside facilities  
8 to 50  
3 to 21  
2 to 25  
Plant and machinery  
Other equipment, factory and office equipment  
Investments accounted for using the equity method are  
measured – provided no impairment has been recog-  
nised – at cost of investment adjusted for the Group’s  
share of earnings and changes in equity capital.  
For machinery used in multiple-shift operations,  
depreciation rates are increased to account for the  
additional utilisation. If there is any indication of  
impairment of property, plant and equipment, an  
impairment test is performed as described above for  
intangible assets.  
The Group′s financial assets include in particular other  
investments, receivables from sales financing, mar-  
ketable securities and investment funds, derivative  
financial assets, trade receivables and cash and  
cash equivalents. Non-derivative financial assets are  
accounted for on the basis of the settlement date.  
With respect tolease arrangements of the BMW Group,  
use of judgement is required, in particular with regard  
to the transfer of economic ownership of a leased item.  
Leased items of property, plant and equipment whose  
economic ownership is attributed to the BMW Group  
(
finance leases) are measured on initial recognition at  
their fair value or, if lower, at the net present value of  
minimum lease payments. The assets are depreciated  
using the straight-line method over their estimated  
useful lives or, if shorter, over the contractual lease  
period. Obligations for future lease payments are  
recognised at their net present value in other financial  
liabilities.  
1
25  
Depending on the business model and the structure of  
contractual cash flows, financial assets are classified  
as measured at amortised cost, at fair value through  
comprehensive income or at fair value through profit  
or loss. The category “at fair value through compre-  
hensive income” at the BMW Group comprises mainly  
marketable securities and investment funds used for  
liquidity management purposes. Selected marketable  
securities and investment fund, money market funds  
within cash and cash equivalents as well as convertible  
bonds are recognised at fair value through profit or  
loss, as their contractual cash flows do not solely  
represent payments of principal and interest.  
which had not been credit-impaired at the time they  
were acquired or originated, an impairment allowance  
is recognised at an amount equal to lifetime expected  
credit losses (stage 3). This is the case regardless of  
whether the general or simplified approach is applied.  
As a general rule, the BMW Group assumes that a  
receivable is in default if it is more than 90 days  
overdue or if there are objective indications of insol-  
vency. Credit-impaired assets are identified as such  
on the basis of this definition of default. In the case  
of stage 3 assets, interest income is calculated on the  
asset’s carrying amount less any impairment loss.  
Loss allowances on receivables from sales financing  
are determined primarily on the basis of past expe-  
rience with credit losses, current data on overdue  
receivables, rating classes and scoring information.  
Forward-looking information (for instance forecasts of  
key performance indicators) is also taken into account  
if, based on past experience, such indicators show a  
substantive correlation to actual credit losses.  
The market values of financial instruments measured  
at fair value are determined on the basis of market  
information available at the balance sheet date, such  
as quoted prices or using appropriate measurement  
methods, in particular the discounted cash flow method.  
Items reported under other investments within the  
scope of IFRS 9 are measured at fair value through  
profit or loss. Investments in subsidiaries, joint  
arrangements and associated companies that are not  
material to the BMW Group and which do not fall  
within the scope of IFRS 9 are also included in other  
investments.  
The measurement of the change in default risk is based  
on a comparison of the default risk at the date of initial  
recognition and at the end of the reporting period.  
The default risk at the end of each reporting period  
is determined on the basis of credit checks, current  
key economic indicators and any overdue payments.  
Loss allowances on trade receivables are determined  
primarily on the basis of information relating to over-  
due amounts. In the case of marketable securities and  
investment funds, the BMW Group usually applies  
the option not to allocate financial assets with a low  
default risk to different stages. Accordingly, assets  
with an investment grade rating are always allocated to  
Receivables from sales financing are measured at amor-  
tised cost using the effective interest rate method. This  
also includes receivables arising on vehicle finance  
leases.  
With the exception of operating lease and trade  
receivables, the BMW Group applies the general  
approach described in IFRS 9 to determine impairment  
of financial assets. Under the general approach, loss  
allowances are measured on initial recognition on the  
stage 1. The loss allowance on these assets is calculated  
using the input factors available on the market, such  
as ratings and default probabilities.  
basis of the expected 12-month credit loss (stage  
1
). If  
The BMW Group writes off financial assets when it has  
no reasonable expectation of recovering the amounts  
concerned. This may be the case, for instance, if the  
debtor is deemed not to have sufficient assets or other  
sources of income to service the debt.  
the credit loss risk at the end of the reporting period  
has increased significantly since initial recognition,  
the impairment allowance is measured on the basis  
of lifetime expected credit losses (stage  
2  general  
approach). The BMW Group applies the simplified  
approach described in IFRS 9 to operating lease  
and trade receivables, whereby the amount of the  
loss allowance is measured subsequent to the initial  
recognition of the receivable on the basis of lifetime  
expected credit losses (stage  
For the purposes of allocating an item to stage  
2
– simplified approach).  
, it  
2
is irrelevant whether the credit risk of the asset  
concerned has increased significantly since initial  
recognition. In the case of credit-impaired assets  
1
26  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Derivative financial instruments are used within the  
BMW Group for hedging purposes in order to reduce  
currency, interest rate, fair value and market price  
risks. All derivative financial instruments are mea-  
sured at their fair value. Fair values are determined  
on the basis of valuation models. Observable market  
price, tenor and currency basis spreads are taken into  
account in the measurement of derivative financial  
instruments. Furthermore, the Group′s own credit  
risk and that of counterparties is taken into account  
on the basis of credit default swap values for market  
contracts with matching terms.  
In the case of raw materials hedges that are accounted  
for as cash flow hedges, the hedging instruments are  
designated in full as part of the hedging relationship.  
As an exception to this general rule, the interest  
component of raw materials derivative instruments  
redesignated in conjunction with the first-time  
application of IFRS 9 was not designated as part of the  
hedging relationship. Changes in the fair value of  
this component are recorded as costs of hedging  
on a separate line within accumulated other equity.  
Amounts recorded in accumulated other equity are  
included in the carrying amount of inventories on  
initial recognition.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
The BMW Group applies the option to recognise the  
credit risks arising from the fair values of a group of  
derivative financial assets and liabilities on the basis  
of their total net amount. Portfolio-based valuation  
adjustments (credit valuation adjustments and debit  
valuation adjustments) to the individual derivative  
financial assets and financial liabilities are allocated  
using the relative fair value approach (net method).  
Deferred taxes are recognised on all temporary differ-  
ences between the tax and accounting bases of assets  
and liabilities and on consolidation procedures. The  
recoverability of deferred tax assets is assessed at each  
balance sheet date on the basis of planned taxable  
income in future financial years. If with a probabil-  
ity of more than 50 percent future tax benefits will  
not be realised, either in part or in total, a valuation  
allowance is recognised on the deferred tax assets. The  
calculation of deferred tax assets requires assumptions  
to be made with regard to the level of future taxable  
income and the timing of recovery of deferred tax  
assets. These assumptions take account of forecast  
operating results and the impact on earnings of the  
reversal of taxable temporary differences. Since future  
business developments cannot be predicted with cer-  
tainty and to some extent cannot be influenced by the  
BMW Group, the measurement of deferred tax assets  
is subject to uncertainty. Deferred taxes are calculated on  
the basis of tax rates which are applicable or expected  
to apply in the relevant national jurisdictions when  
the amounts are recovered.  
Where hedge accounting is applied, changes in fair value  
are recognised in the income statement in sundry other  
financial result or in other comprehensive income as  
a component of accumulated other equity, depending  
on whether the hedging relationship is classified as a  
fair value hedge or a cash flow hedge. Fair value hedges  
are mainly used to hedge interest rate risks relating to  
bonds, other financial liabilities and receivables from  
sales financing. Cross currency basis spreads are not  
designated as part of the hedging relationship in the  
case of interest rate hedges accounted for as fair value  
hedges. Accordingly, changes in the market value of  
such instruments are recorded as costs of hedging  
within accumulated other equity. Amounts recorded  
in equity are reclassified to the income statement over  
the term of the hedging relationship.  
Current income taxes are calculated within the  
BMW Group on the basis of tax legislation applicable  
in the relevant countries. To the extent that judgement  
was necessary to determine the treatment and amount  
of tax items presented in the financial statements,  
there is in principle a possibility that local tax author-  
ities may take a different position.  
The time values of option transactions and the interest  
component of forward currency contracts are not des-  
ignated as part of the hedging relationship in the case  
of currency hedges accounted for as cash flow hedges.  
Changes in the market value of such components are  
recorded as costs of hedging on a separate line within  
accumulated other equity. Amounts accumulated in  
other equity from currency hedges are reclassified to  
cost of sales when the related hedged item is recog-  
nised in profit or loss.  
Inventories of raw materials, supplies and goods for  
resale are stated at the lower of average acquisition  
cost and net realisable value.  
1
27  
Work in progress and finished goods are stated at  
the lower of manufacturing cost and net realisable  
value. Manufacturing cost comprises all costs which  
are directly attributable to the manufacturing process  
as well as an appropriate proportion of production-  
related overheads. This includes production-related  
depreciation and amortisation and an appropriate  
proportion of administrative and social costs. Financ-  
ing costs are not included in the acquisition or man-  
ufacturing cost of inventories.  
Net interest expense on the net defined benefit lia-  
bility and net interest income on net defined benefit  
assets are presented separately within the financial  
result. All other costs relating to allocations to pension  
provisions are allocated to costs by function in the  
income statement.  
Past service cost arises where a BMW Group com-  
pany introduces a defined benefit plan or changes  
the benefits payable under an existing plan. This cost  
is recognised immediately in the income statement.  
Similarly, gains and losses arising on the settlement  
of a defined benefit plan are recognised immediately  
in the income statement.  
Cash and cash equivalents comprise mainly cash on hand  
and cash at bank with an original term of up to three  
months. With the exception of money market funds,  
cash and cash equivalents are measured at amortised  
cost.  
Remeasurement of the net liability can result from  
changes in the present value of the defined benefit  
obligation, the fair value of the plan assets or the  
asset ceiling. Remeasurement can result, amongst  
others, from changes in financial and demographic  
parameters, as well as changes following the portfolio  
development. Remeasurements are recognised imme-  
diately in other comprehensive income and hence  
directly in equity (within revenue reserves).  
Provisions for pensions are measured using the projected  
unit credit method. Under this method, not only  
obligations relating to known vested benefits at the  
reporting date are recognised, but also the effect of  
future expected increases in pensions and salaries. The  
calculation is based on independent actuarial valua-  
tions which take into account relevant biometric factors.  
In the case of funded plans, the pension obligation is  
offset against plan assets measured at their fair value.  
If the plan assets exceed the pension obligation, the  
surplus is tested for recoverability. In the event that  
the BMW Group has a right of reimbursement or a  
right to reduce future contributions, it reports an asset  
Other provisions are recognised when the BMW Group  
has a present legal or factual obligation towards a third  
party arising from past events, the settlement of which  
is probable, and when the amount of the obligation  
can be reliably estimated. Provisions with a remaining  
period of more than one year are measured at their  
net present value.  
(
within Other financial assets), measured on the basis  
of the present value of the future economic benefits  
attached to the plan assets. For funded plans, in cases  
where the obligation exceeds plan assets, a liability is  
recognised under pension provisions.  
The measurement of provisions for statutory and  
non-statutory warranty obligations (statutory, contractual  
and voluntary) involves estimations. In addition to manu-  
facturer warranties prescribed by law, the BMW Group  
offers various further standard (assurance-type) war-  
ranties depending on the product and sales market.  
No provisions are recognised for additionally pur-  
chased service packages that are treated as separate  
performance obligations.  
The calculation of the amount of the provision  
requires assumptions to be made with regard to  
discount rates, salary trends, employee fluctuation  
and the life expectancy of employees. Discount rates  
are determined by reference to market yields at the  
end of the reporting period on high quality fixed-in-  
terest corporate bonds. The salary trend relates to  
the expected future rate of salary increase which is  
estimated annually based on inflation and the career  
development of employees within the Group.  
1
28  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Provisions for statutory and non-statutory warranties  
are recognised at the point in time when control over  
the goods is transferred to the dealership or retail  
customer or when a new category of warranty is  
introduced. With respect to the level of the provi-  
sion, estimations are made in particular based on past  
experience of damage claims and processes. Future  
potential repair costs and price increases per product  
and market are also taken into account. Provisions  
for warranties for all companies of the BMW Group  
are adjusted regularly to take account of new infor-  
mation, with the impact of any changes recognised  
in the income statement. Further information is pro-  
vided in note 33. Similar estimates are also made  
in conjunction with the measurement of expected  
reimbursement claims.  
Share-based remuneration programmes which are expected  
to be settled in shares are measured at their fair value  
at grant date. The related expense is recognised as  
personnel expense in the income statement over the  
vesting period and offset against capital reserves.  
Share-based remuneration programmes expected to  
be settled in cash are revalued to their fair value at  
each balance sheet date between the grant date and  
the settlement date and on the settlement date itself.  
The expense is recognised as personnel expense in  
the income statement over the vesting period and  
presented in the balance sheet as a provision.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
see  
note 33  
The share-based remuneration programme for Board  
of Management members and senior heads of depart-  
ment entitles BMWAG to elect whether to settle its  
commitments in cash or with shares of BMWAG  
common stock. Based on the decision to settle in cash,  
the share-based remuneration programmes for Board  
of Management members and senior heads of depart-  
ment are accounted for as cash-settled, share-based  
remuneration programmes. Further information on  
share-based remuneration programmes is provided  
see in note 41.  
The recognition and measurement of provisions  
for litigation and liability risks necessitates making  
assumptions in order to determine the probability of  
liability, the amount of claim and the duration of the  
legal dispute. The assumptions made, especially the  
assumption about the outcome of legal proceedings,  
are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The appro-  
priateness of assumptions is regularly reviewed, based  
on assessments undertaken both by management and  
external experts, such as lawyers. If new developments  
arise in the future that result in a different assessment,  
provisions are adjusted accordingly.  
not 41  
If the recognition and measurement criteria relevant  
for provisions are not fulfilled and the outflow of  
resources on fulfilment is not unlikely, the potential  
obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability.  
Related party disclosures comprise information on  
associated companies, joint ventures and non-con-  
solidated subsidiaries as well as individuals which  
have the ability to exercise a controlling or significant  
influence over the financial and operating policies  
of the BMW Group. This includes all persons in key  
positions of the Company, as well as close members  
of their families or intermediary entities. In the case  
of the BMW Group, this also applies to members of  
the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board.  
Details relating to these individuals and entities are  
provided in note 40 and in the list of investments  
disclosed in note 46.  
see  
note 40 and 46  
1
29  
0
5
Financial reporting rules  
(
a) Standards and Revised Standards significant for  
the BMW Group applied for the first time in the  
financial year 2018:  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
IASB  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
EU  
Date of  
issue by  
IASB  
Standard / Interpretation  
IFRS 15  
Revenue from Contracts with Customers  
28. 5. 2014  
1.1. 2018  
1.1. 2018  
1
1
1. 9. 2015  
2. 4. 2016  
IFRS 9  
Financial Instruments  
24. 7. 2014  
8.12. 2016  
1.1. 2018  
1.1. 2018  
1.1. 2018  
1.1. 2018  
IFRIC 22  
Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration  
Changes due to the new accounting standards IFRS 15  
and IFRS 9 are described in notes 6 and 7.  
a foreign currency is recognised, any payments or  
receipt of advance consideration should be based on  
the exchange rate prevailing at the date of payment.  
This situation is relevant in individual cases within  
the BMW Group.  
see  
note 6 and 7  
The Interpretation IFRIC 22 clarifies that when  
a non-monetary asset or liability denominated in  
(
ꢇ) Financial reporting pronouncements issued by  
the IASB that are significant for the BMW Group,  
but have not yet been applied:  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
IASB  
Date of  
mandatory  
application  
EU  
Date of  
issue by  
IASB  
Standard / Interpretation  
IFRS 16  
Leases  
13.1. 2016  
1.1. 2019  
1.1. 2019  
The new Standard IFRS 16 (Leases) sets out a new  
approach to accounting for leases by lessees. While  
under IAS 17, the accounting treatment of a lease  
was determined on the basis of the transfer of risks  
and rewards incidental to ownership of the asset, in  
the future, each lease arrangement will, as a general  
rule, be accounted for by the lessee in a similar way  
to finance leases.  
The impact on the BMW Group′s results of operations,  
financial position and net assets is currently being  
analysed as part of a Group-wide implementation  
project. A new IT system has been introduced to  
account for right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in  
the future. At the date of initial adoption, the balance  
sheet total is expected to increase by approximately  
€ꢀ2.3 billion as a result of leases previously classified  
as operating leases. The reclassification results in a  
slight decline in the equity ratio. For a small number of  
contracts, the carrying amount of a right-of-use asset  
will be determined as if IFRS 16 had been applied from  
the inception of the lease. After offsetting deferred  
tax effects amounting to €ꢀ13 million, this results in  
a reduction of approximately €ꢀ32 million in Group  
The BMW Group will use the grandfather clause  
available for existing leases and apply the available  
exemptions regarding the recognition of short-term  
leases and low-value leasing assets. The new Standard  
will be applied for the first time using the modified  
retrospective method. Intragroup leasing arrange-  
ments are not reflected in the internal management  
system or in internal reporting pursuant to IFRS 16  
and therefore, in accordance with IFRS 8, do not  
result in any changes in the presentation of segment  
information. IFRS 16 has not been adopted prior to  
the mandatory application date.  
revenue reserves at  
1 January 2019. In subsequent  
periods, the BMW Group expects a slightly positive  
impact on profit before financial result and on cash  
inflowsꢀ/ꢀoutflows from operating activities and a  
slightly negative impact on cash inflowsꢀ/ꢀoutflows  
from financing activities.  
1
30  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
In conjunction with the adoption of IFRS 16, the methods  
used to account for leases as a lessor have also been  
reviewed, resulting in a change of accounting policy  
as described below with effect from the financial year  
Services segment in accordance with the requirements  
applicable to manufacturers or dealers. For this reason,  
in future, revenues and cost of sales arising on the  
sale of vehicles which will subsequently be leased to  
customers under finance lease arrangements will be  
recognised at a later date. Revenues and cost of sales  
relating to vehicle sales will no longer be recognised at  
the time of sale, but rather at the commencement date  
of the lease. Revenues will be recognised on the basis  
of the leased asset’s fair value, reduced by any unguar-  
anteed residual value of vehicles that are expected  
to be returned to the Group. Cost of sales will also be  
reduced for unguaranteed residual values. In addition,  
initial direct costs incurred by the Financial Services  
segment will be recognised at Group level as cost of  
sales. Overall, this results in a retrospective decrease  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
2
019. The change in accounting policy will be applied  
retrospectively, with comparative figures restated. In  
this context, it will be necessary to restate the opening  
balance sheet as at 1 January 2018 and figures for the  
financial year 2018.  
As a result of the revised definition of initial direct costs  
contained in IFRS 16, the BMW Group will change the  
timing of income statement recognition for volume-  
dependent bonuses relating to Financial Services  
segment sales promotions. Rather than being spread  
over the term of the underlying lease, in future these  
costs will be recognised as an expense in full in the  
period in which the entitlement to the bonus arises.  
This results in a retrospective decrease in Group  
in Group revenue reserves as at 1 January 2018 of  
€ꢀ15 million, after offset of deferred tax amounting to  
€ꢀ million (31 December 2018: decrease of revenue  
4
revenue reserves at  
after offset of deferred tax amounting to €ꢀ44 million  
31 December 2018: reduction of revenue reserves of  
113 million, after offset of deferred tax amounting  
1
January 2018 of €ꢀ101 million,  
reserves of €ꢀ146 million, after offset of deferred tax  
amounting to €ꢀ44 million). The adoption of these  
requirements will not have a material impact on the  
accounting in the Automotive and Financial Services  
segments.  
(
to €ꢀ49 million).  
The first-time application of IFRS 16 with effect from  
The following table provides an overview of the  
expected effects on revenue reserves from the first-  
time application of IFRS 16 and the related change  
in the methods used to account for leases as a lessor:  
1
January 2019, in conjunction with IFRS 15, will also  
require the BMW Group to account for finance leases  
concluded with retail customers via the Financial  
Impact on  
After-tax  
Impact on  
revenue reserves  
earnings impact  
revenue reserves  
in € million  
Change  
1.1. 2018  
2018  
1.1. 2019  
Segment  
Lessee  
Lessor  
Lessor  
Measurement of right-of-use assets as if IFRS 16 had  
been applied from the inception of the contract  
Automotive  
Eliminations  
– 32  
First-time application of requirements applicable to  
finance leases of manufacturers or dealers  
–15  
–131  
–146  
Changes in timing of income statement recognition of  
volume-dependent bonuses  
Financial Services  
–101  
–12  
–113  
Total impact  
–116  
–143  
– 291  
Other financial reporting standards issued by the IASB  
and not yet applied are not expected to have any  
significant impact on the BMW Group Financial  
Statements.  
1
31  
0
6
In accordance with IFRS 15, costs incurred for sales  
promotion measures in the Automotive segment,  
such as sales support or residual value subsidies,  
are required to be treated as variable components of  
consideration and therefore have the effect of reducing  
revenue. Variable consideration is measured on the  
basis of the amount of consideration to which the  
BMW Group expects to be entitled. Some of these  
costs were previously reported as cost of sales. The  
change in classification in the income statement  
results in a decrease in both revenues and cost of  
sales. For the financial year 2017, the retrospective  
reclassification recorded by the Automotive segment  
First-time application of IFRS 15  
The new Standard IFRS 15 (Revenue from Contracts with  
Customers) assimilates the numerous requirements  
and interpretations relating to revenue recognition  
into a single Standard. The new Standard also stip-  
ulates uniform revenue recognition principles for all  
sectors and all categories.  
In accordance with the transitional provisions con-  
tained in IFRS 15, the BMW Group has applied the  
new requirements for revenue from contracts with  
customers in the 2018 financial year using the full  
retrospective option. For this reason, the opening bal-  
amounted to €ꢀ2.9 billion, which did not, however,  
ance sheet at  
1
January 2017, the figures reported for  
have a significant impact at Group level.  
the previous year and the balance sheet at 31 Decem-  
ber 2017 have been adjusted and made comparable.  
The exemption provision, allowing contracts fulfilled  
If the sale of products includes a determinable amount  
for services (multiple-component contracts), the related  
revenues are deferred and recognised as income  
over time. Variable consideration to be received for  
multi-component contracts is allocated across all  
service obligations unless it is directly attributable  
to the sale of the vehicle. As a result of the change  
in accounting policy for multi-component contracts  
with variable consideration components, changes  
in the allocation of transaction prices result for the  
Automotive segment in higher amounts being recog-  
nised for vehicle sales and a lower level of amounts  
deferred for service contracts. The shift in the timing  
of revenue recognition resulted in a retrospective  
increase in Group revenue reserves at 1 January 2017  
of €ꢀ89 million, after offset of deferred tax amounting to  
€ꢀ38 million (31 December 2017: increase in Group rev-  
enue reserves of €ꢀ112 million, after offset of deferred  
tax amounting to €ꢀ42 million). The impact on earnings  
in the financial year 2018 was not significant.  
prior to  
1 January 2017 not to be newly assessed in  
accordance with IFRS 15, has been applied. The impact  
of applying the exemption is classified as insignificant  
due to the fact that it only affects the BMW Group in  
a few individual cases.  
Revenue recognition from contracts with customers  
is based on a five-stage model. Revenues are required  
to be recognised either over time or at a specific point  
in time. A major difference to the previous Standard  
is the increased scope of discretion for estimates and  
the introduction of thresholds, thus influencing the  
amount and timing of revenue recognition.  
Accounting for buyback arrangements and rights  
of return for vehicles sold, but which the Financial  
Services segment will subsequently lease to customers,  
results in the earlier recognition of intragroup elimina-  
tions. The adoption of IFRS 15 results in a retrospective  
decrease in Group equity at  
1
January 2017 amounting  
As a result of the retrospective adjustments described  
above, the Automotive segment’s EBIT margin for  
the financial year 2017 improved by 0.3 percentage  
points to 9.2%.  
to €ꢀ498 million, after offset of deferred tax amount-  
ing to €ꢀ239 million (31 December 2017: reduction  
of revenue reserves by €ꢀ553 million, after offset of  
deferred tax amounting to €ꢀ192 million). The lower  
amount of deferred tax at 31 December 2017 results  
from the reduction of the US federal corporate tax  
rate with effect from 1 January 2018. The earlier date  
for consolidating intragroup transactions also results  
in the recognition of assets and liabilities relating to  
rights of return, causing other current assets and other  
current liabilities to increase. The impact on earnings  
in the financial year 2018 was not significant.  
A different accounting treatment may be required if  
buyback arrangements are in place with customers,  
resulting in a shift in the timing of revenue recogni-  
tion. The resulting impact was not significant.  
Buyback arrangements between the Automotive and  
Financial Services segments are not reflected in the  
internal management system or reporting and there-  
fore, in accordance with IFRS 8, do not result in any  
changes in the presentation of segment information.  
1
32  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The following tables show the impact on the balance  
sheets at 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017,  
as well as on the income statement, statement of  
comprehensive income and cash flow statement for  
the financial year 2017:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
BMW Group change in presentation of balance sheet at 1 January 2017  
69  
Adjusted  
according to  
IFRS 15  
As originally  
reported  
Adjustment  
IFRS 15  
in € million  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Total non-current assets  
thereof investments accounted for using the equity method  
thereof deferred tax  
121,671  
2,546  
222  
2
121,893  
2,548  
2,327  
226  
2,553  
thereof other assets  
1,595  
– 6  
1,589  
Total current assets  
66,864  
5,087  
1,509  
1,509  
68,373  
6,596  
thereof other assets  
Total assets  
188,535  
1,731  
190,266  
qꢂIꢁy Aꢃꢄ lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Total equity  
thereof equity attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
47,363  
47,108  
44,445  
73,183  
5,039  
– 409  
– 409  
– 409  
–100  
155  
46,954  
46,699  
44,036  
73,083  
5,194  
thereof revenue reserves  
Total non-current provisions and liabilities  
thereof other provisions  
thereof deferred tax  
2,795  
26  
2,821  
thereof other liabilities  
5,357  
– 281  
2,240  
37  
5,076  
Total current provisions and liabilities  
thereof other provisions  
67,989  
5,879  
70,229  
5,916  
thereof other liabilities  
10,198  
2,203  
12,401  
Total equity and liabilities  
188,535  
1,731  
190,266  
1
33  
BMW Group change in presentation of balance sheet at 31 December 2017  
70  
Adjusted  
according to  
IFRS 15  
As originally  
reported  
Adjustment  
IFRS 15  
in € million  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Total non-current assets  
thereof investments accounted for using the equity method  
thereof deferred tax  
121,901  
2,767  
63  
2
121,964  
2,769  
1,927  
66  
1,993  
thereof other assets  
1,635  
– 5  
1,630  
Total current assets  
71,582  
5,525  
1,960  
1,960  
73,542  
7,485  
thereof other assets  
Total assets  
193,483  
2,023  
195,506  
qꢂIꢁy Aꢃꢄ lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Total equity  
thereof equity attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
54,548  
54,112  
51,256  
69,888  
5,437  
– 441  
– 441  
– 441  
– 254  
195  
54,107  
53,671  
50,815  
69,634  
5,632  
thereof revenue reserves  
Total non-current provisions and liabilities  
thereof other provisions  
thereof deferred tax  
2,241  
– 84  
2,157  
thereof other liabilities  
5,410  
– 365  
2,718  
54  
5,045  
Total current provisions and liabilities  
thereof other provisions  
69,047  
6,313  
71,765  
6,367  
thereof other liabilities  
10,779  
2,664  
13,443  
Total equity and liabilities  
193,483  
2,023  
195,506  
1
34  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
bMw Group change in presentation of income statement  
for the period 1 January to 31 December 2017  
71  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
Adjusted  
according to  
IFRS 15  
As originally  
reported  
Adjustment  
IFRS 15  
in € million  
Revenues  
98,678  
– 78,744  
19,934  
9,880  
– 396  
415  
98,282  
– 78,329  
19,953  
9,899  
Cost of sales  
Gross profit  
19  
Profit / loss before financial result  
Profit / loss before tax  
19  
10,655  
–1,949  
8,706  
20  
10,675  
– 2,000  
8,675  
Income taxes  
– 51  
– 31  
– 31  
– 0.05  
– 0.05  
– 0.05  
– 0.05  
Net profit / loss  
Attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
Basic earnings per share of common stock in €  
Basic earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
Diluted earnings per share of common stock in €  
Diluted earnings per share of preferred stock in €  
8,620  
8,589  
13.12  
13.07  
13.14  
13.09  
13.12  
13.07  
13.14  
13.09  
bMw Group change in presentation of statement of comprehensive income  
for the period 1 January to 31 December 2017  
72  
Adjusted  
according to  
IFRS 15  
As originally  
reported  
Adjustment  
IFRS 15  
in € million  
Net profit  
8,706  
9,336  
9,250  
– 31  
– 31  
– 31  
8,675  
9,305  
9,219  
Total comprehensive income  
Total comprehensive income attributable to shareholders of BMW AG  
BMW Group change in presentation of cash flow statement  
for the period 1 January to 31 December 2017  
73  
Adjusted  
according to  
IFRS 15  
As originally  
reported  
Adjustment  
IFRS 15  
in € million  
Net profit  
8,706  
696  
– 31  
56  
8,675  
752  
Change in provisions  
Change in deferred taxes  
Other  
– 609  
50  
– 559  
– 2,884  
5,909  
– 75  
– 2,959  
5,909  
Cash inflow/outflow from operating activities  
The effects of the first-time application of IFRS 15  
on equity are shown in the Statement of Changes  
in Equity.  
1
35  
0
7
The rules for hedge accounting contained in IAS 39  
required an effectiveness test to be performed for  
corresponding hedging relationships, based on fixed  
ranges, in order to demonstrate the retrospective  
effectiveness of the hedge. It was not permitted under  
IAS 39 to designate all risk components separately.  
First-time application of IFRS 9  
The new requirements contained in IFRS 9 (Finan-  
cial Instruments) relating to the classification and  
measurement of financial instruments were applied  
retrospectively by the BMW Group in the financial  
year 2018. The available exemption not to adjust  
comparative information for previous periods was  
applied. Accordingly, only the opening balance sheet  
The following table shows the reconciliation of the  
categories and carrying amounts of financial instru-  
ments as well as the impact on Group equity of the  
first-time application of IFRS 9.  
at  
1 January 2018 was adjusted. Apart from a small  
number of exceptions, the requirements for hedge  
accounting were applied prospectively in the financial  
year 2018. The one exception to this is hedge accounting  
for the fair value of a portfolio against interest rate  
risk, for which the requirements of IAS 39 continue to  
be applied. Information on accounting in accordance  
with IFRS 9 is provided in the Accounting Policies  
section in note 4.  
see  
note 4  
Prior to the adoption of IFRS 9, financial instruments  
were accounted for in accordance with IAS 39. In  
accordance with those requirements, the Group’s  
financial assets were allocated to either cash funds  
or to the categories “loans and receivables”, “available-  
for-sale”, “held for trading” or “fair value option”.  
Financial liabilities were allocated to the categories  
financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss”  
or “other financial liabilities”. On initial recognition,  
financial instruments accounted for in accordance  
with IAS 39 were measured at fair value, whereby  
transaction costs were taken into account except in the  
case of financial instruments allocated to the category  
at fair value through profit or loss”. Subsequent to  
initial recognition, available-for-sale financial assets,  
held-for-trading financial instruments and financial  
assets for which the fair value option was applied  
were measured at their fair value. Financial assets  
that were classified as loans and receivables and  
financial liabilities (with the exception of derivative  
financial instruments) were subsequently measured  
at amortised cost using the effective interest method.  
The IAS 39 impairment model was based on a regular  
determination of whether objective evidence indicated  
that impairment had already occurred. For the pur-  
poses of assessing possible impairment, all available  
information, such as market conditions and prices as  
well as the length of time and the scale of the decline  
in value were taken into account.  
1
36  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
BMW Group reclassification of financial instruments at 1 January 2018  
• 74  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Category  
Carrying amount  
IAS 39 IFRS 9  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
in € million  
IAS 39  
IFRS 9  
ꢅIꢃAꢃCIAl ASSꢀꢁS  
Other investments  
Available-for-sale  
Fair value option  
Fair value through profit or loss  
366  
29  
3
95  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
Loans and receivables  
At amortised cost  
80,434  
80,562  
Derivative instruments  
Cash flow hedges  
Hedge accounting  
Hedge accounting  
Held for trading  
Hedge accounting  
2,187  
814  
2,187  
814  
Fair value hedges  
Hedge accounting  
Other derivative instruments  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Fair value through profit or loss  
Fair value through profit or loss  
Fair value directly through equity  
At amortised cost  
1,340  
1,340  
790  
Available-for-sale  
5,447  
3,919  
730  
Loans to third parties  
Loans and receivables  
Fair value option  
Loans and receivables  
Loans and receivables  
Cash  
At amortised cost  
112  
2
112  
Fair value through profit or loss  
At amortised cost  
2
Credit card receivables  
Other  
248  
184  
240  
At amortised cost  
184  
Cash and cash equivalents  
At amortised cost  
8,407  
632  
9
,039  
Fair value through profit or loss  
At amortised cost  
Trade receivables  
Loans and receivables  
2,667  
276  
2,663  
Other assets  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Loans and receivables  
Loans and receivables  
At amortised cost  
At amortised cost  
276  
Receivables from companies  
in which an investment is held  
1,334  
219  
1,334  
219  
Collateral assets  
Cash  
At amortised cost  
Available-for-sale  
Loans and receivables  
Fair value directly through equity  
At amortised cost  
97  
97  
Other assets  
1,108  
1,108  
Total financial assets  
105,903  
106,011  
ꢅIꢃAꢃCIAl lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Financial liabilities  
Trade payables  
Other liabilities  
Other liabilities  
Other liabilities  
At amortised cost  
At amortised cost  
At amortised cost  
94,648  
9,731  
6,822  
94,618  
9,731  
6,822  
Other liabilities  
Total financial liabilities  
Total impact on equity  
111,201  
111,171  
1
37  
Differences through  
Equity effects  
new  
measurement  
category  
change of  
evaluation  
measurement Deferred taxes  
Accumulated  
other equity  
Revenue  
reserves  
Note  
ꢅIꢃAꢃCIAl ASSꢀꢁS  
– 76  
76  
a)  
b)  
c)  
Other investments  
128  
– 35  
93  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
Derivative instruments  
2
2
1
5
– 5  
Cash flow hedges  
d)  
Fair value hedges  
Other derivative instruments  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
– 2  
2
2
e)  
f)  
– 2  
8
– 6  
g)  
Loans to third parties  
b)  
c)  
– 8  
– 6  
Credit card receivables  
Other  
Cash and cash equivalents  
h)  
c)  
– 4  
– 3  
Trade receivables  
Other assets  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Receivables from companies  
in which an investment is held  
Collateral assets  
Other assets  
8
116  
– 30  
– 77  
155  
Total financial assets  
ꢅIꢃAꢃCIAl lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Financial liabilities  
Trade payables  
– 30  
7
23  
d)  
Other liabilities  
– 30  
7
23  
Total financial liabilities  
Total impact on equity  
77  
178  
1
38  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The impact of the various changes arising in con-  
junction with the first-time application of IFRS 9 is  
explained below:  
(f) Adjustment of the amount and presentation of  
impairment allowances in accordance with the  
new requirements of IFRS 9.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Accounting  
Principles and  
Policies  
(
a) Financial investments in equity instruments were  
reclassified to the category “at fair value through  
profit or loss”. There was no difference between  
carrying amounts pursuant to IAS 39 and fair  
values at 1 January 2018.  
(g) Specific listed bonds were reclassified to the cat-  
egory “at amortised cost”. At the date of first-  
time application of IFRS 9, the BMW Group uses  
a business model for these bonds, the objective  
of which is to collect contractual cash flows that  
solely represent payments of principal and interest  
on the principal amount outstanding. The market  
value of these instruments at 31 December 2018  
amounted to €ꢀ680 million (31 December 2017:  
€ꢀ738 million). If the reclassification to other  
comprehensive income had not taken place in  
the period under report, a fair value loss of  
€ꢀ2 million would have been recognised through  
other comprehensive income.  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
(
b) Selected non-current marketable securities and  
loans to third parties, for which the fair value  
option available under IAS 39 was previously used,  
were reclassified to the category “at fair value  
through profit or loss” because their contractual  
cash flows do not solely represent payments of  
principal and interest on the principal amount  
outstanding. There was no difference between  
carrying amounts pursuant to IAS 39 and fair  
values at 1 January 2018.  
(h) Some of the money market funds with a fixed  
net asset value were reclassified from cash to  
the category “at fair value through profit or loss”.  
They do not meet the criteria for measurement  
at amortised cost in accordance with IFRS 9 be-  
cause their contractual cash flows do not solely  
represent payments of principal and interest on  
the principal amount outstanding. There was  
no difference between carrying amounts pursuant  
to IAS 39 and fair values at 1 January 2018.  
(
(
c) Adjustment of impairment allowances in accor-  
dance with the new requirements of IFRS 9.  
d) The new accounting requirements for interest rate  
hedges reduce the carrying amount of financial  
liabilities designated as hedged items within a  
hedge relationship by €ꢀ30 million and increase  
accumulated other equity by €ꢀ5 million. At the  
date of adoption of the new requirements, rev-  
enue reserves increased by €ꢀ18 million, after offset  
of deferred tax.  
The following table shows the adjustments made to  
impairment allowances in the Group Balance Sheet as  
a result of the first-time application of IFRS 9.  
(
e) Specific investments in debt instruments were  
reclassified to the category “at fair value  
through profit or loss” because their contractual  
cash flows do not solely represent payments  
of principal and interest on the principal amount  
outstanding.  
BMW Group reconciliation of impairment allowances  
75  
Impairment  
allowances  
Adjustment to  
impairment  
allowance due to  
IFRS 9  
Impairment  
allowances  
1.1. 2018  
IFRS 9  
3
1.12. 2017  
IAS 39  
in € million  
Receivables from sales financing  
Credit card receivables  
Trade receivables  
–1,147  
–10  
128  
– 8  
–1,019  
–18  
– 56  
– 4  
– 60  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Total  
– 2  
– 2  
–1,213  
114  
–1,099  
1
39  
NOTES TO THE INCOME  
STATEMENT  
Interest income on loan financing includes interest  
calculated on the basis of the effective interest method  
totalling €ꢀ3,623 million. This interest income is not  
reported separately in the income statement as it is  
not significant compared to total Group revenues.  
0
8
09  
Revenues  
Cost of sales  
Revenues by activity comprise the following:  
Cost of sales comprises:  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
Sales of products and related goods  
68,194  
69,417  
Manufacturing costs  
43,262  
23,383  
43,442  
22,932  
Sales of products previously  
leased to customers  
Cost of sales relating to financial services  
business  
10,467  
9,691  
3,744  
10,208  
9,816  
3,720  
Income from lease instalments  
thereof: Interest expense relating  
to financial services business  
2,051  
1,801  
4,920  
Interest income on loan financing  
Research and development expenses  
5,320  
Revenues from service contracts,  
telematics and roadside assistance  
1,640  
3,744  
1,737  
3,384  
Expenses for service contracts, telematics  
and roadside assistance  
2,234  
1,729  
2,081  
2,097  
Other income  
Warranty expenditure  
Other cost of sales  
Cost of sales  
Revenues  
97,480  
98,282  
2,996  
2,857  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
78,924  
78,329  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Revenues recognised from contracts with customers  
in accordance with IFRS 15 totalled €ꢀ82 024 million  
2017: €ꢀ82,894 million).  
,
(
Cost of sales is reduced by public-sector subsidies  
in the form of reduced taxes on assets and reduced  
consumption-based taxes amounting to €ꢀ88 million  
(2017: €ꢀ61 million).  
An analysis of revenues by segment is shown in the  
segment information provided in note 45. Revenues  
from the sale of products and related goods are gene-  
rated primarily in the Automotive segment and, to a  
lesser extent, in the Motorcycles segment. Revenues  
from sales of products previously leased to customers,  
income from lease instalments and interest income on  
loan financing are allocated to the Financial Services  
segment. Other income relates mainly to the Auto-  
motive segment and the Financial Services segment.  
see  
note 45  
Expenses for impairment losses for receivables from  
sales financing recognised in the income statement  
for the financial year 2018 amounted to €ꢀ142 million.  
Because the impairments are of minor importance  
compared to the total Group cost of sales, a separate  
disclosure has not been provided in the income  
statement.  
The major part of revenues expected to arise from the  
Group’s order book at the end of the reporting period  
relates to the sale of vehicles. Revenues resulting from  
those sales will be recognised in the short term. The  
services included in vehicle sale contracts that will be  
recognised as revenues in subsequent years represent  
only an insignificant portion of expected revenues.  
Accordingly, use has been made of the practical  
Research and development expenditure was as follows:  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Research and development expenses  
Amortisation  
5,320  
4,920  
–1,414  
–1,236  
New expenditure for capitalised  
development costs  
2,984  
6,890  
2,424  
expedient contained in IFRS 15.121, permitting an  
Total research and development  
expenditure  
entity not to disclose information on a quantitative  
basis due to the short-term nature of items and the  
lack of informational value of such disclosures.  
6,108  
1
40  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
10  
12  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Selling and administrative expenses relate mainly to  
expenses for marketing, personnel and IT.  
Net interest result  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
Other interest and similar income  
thereof from subsidiaries:  
397  
8
201  
9
1
1
Interest and similar income  
397  
201  
Other operating income and expenses  
Other operating income and expenses comprise the  
following items:  
Expense relating to interest impact  
on other long-term provisions  
– 91  
– 66  
Net interest expense on the net defined  
benefit liability for pension plans  
– 62  
– 233  
– 2  
– 81  
– 265  
– 2  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Other interest and similar expenses  
thereof subsidiaries:  
Exchange gains  
185  
216  
282  
138  
Interest and similar expenses  
– 386  
– 412  
Income from the reversal of provisions  
Income from the reversal of impairment  
losses and write-downs  
15  
96  
8
80  
Net interest result  
11  
– 211  
Gains on the disposal of assets  
Sundry operating income  
Other operating income  
262  
774  
212  
720  
1
3
Exchange losses  
–135  
–193  
– 246  
– 580  
Other financial result  
Expense for additions to provisions  
Expense for impairment losses and  
write-downs  
– 48  
– 275  
– 651  
– 29  
– 359  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Sundry operating expenses  
Other operating expenses  
–1,214  
Income from investments in subsidiaries  
and participations  
278  
14  
13  
thereof from subsidiaries:  
9
Other operating income and expenses  
123  
– 494  
Expenses from investments in subsidiaries  
and participations  
–122  
156  
Result on investments  
14  
Income from the reversal of and expenses for the  
recognition of impairment allowances and write-  
downs relate mainly to impairment allowances on  
receivables.  
Income (+) and expenses (–) from  
financial instruments  
–105  
–105  
234  
Sundry other financial result  
Other financial result  
234  
51  
248  
Impairment losses recognised on receivables from  
contracts with customers amounted to €ꢀ47 million  
(
2017: €ꢀ29 million).  
The expense for additions to provisions includes  
litigation and other legal risks. Income from the  
reversal of provisions includes legal disputes that  
have been concluded.  
1
41  
1
4
Changes in tax rates resulted in a deferred tax  
expense of €ꢀ90 million (2017: deferred tax income  
of €ꢀ796 million). The principal reason for this devel-  
opment in the previous year was the reduction in  
Income taxes  
Taxes on income of the BMW Group comprise the  
following:  
the US federal corporate income tax rate from 35.0 %  
to 21.0 % with effect from 1 January 2018.  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
The difference between the expected tax expense  
based on the underlying tax rate for Germany and  
actual tax expense is explained in the following  
reconciliation:  
Current tax expense  
2,220  
355  
2,558  
– 558  
– 502  
Deferred tax expense (+) /  
deferred tax income (–)  
thereof relating to temporary  
differences  
641  
thereof relating to tax loss  
carryforwards and tax credits  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
– 286  
– 56  
Income taxes  
2,575  
2,000  
Profit before tax  
9,815  
30.8 %  
3,023  
10,675  
30.7 %  
3,277  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Tax rate applicable in Germany  
Expected tax expense  
Variances due to different tax rates  
– 359  
141  
–1,026  
58  
Current tax expense includes tax income of €ꢀ16 mil-  
lion (2017: €ꢀ104 million) relating to prior periods.  
Tax increases (+) / tax reductions (–) as a  
result of non-deductible expenses and  
tax-exempt income  
The tax expense was reduced by €ꢀ41 million (2017  
:
Tax expense (+) / benefits (–) for prior  
years  
–16  
– 214  
–104  
– 205  
91 million) as a result of utilising tax loss carryfor-  
wards, for which deferred assets had not previously  
been recognised and in conjunction with previously  
unrecognised tax credits and temporary differences.  
Other variances  
Actual tax expense  
Effective tax rate  
2,575  
26.2 %  
2,000  
18.7 %  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
The tax expense resulting from the change in the  
valuation allowance on deferred tax assets relating to  
tax losses available for carryforward and temporary dif-  
ferences amounted to €ꢀ24 million (2017: €ꢀ67 million).  
In the previous year, variances due to different tax  
rates were influenced in particular by the reduction  
in the US federal corporate income tax rate, which  
was required to be taken into account in the mea-  
surement of deferred taxes as of 31 December 2017.  
This resulted in a reduction in the tax expense of  
€ꢀ977 million.  
Deferred taxes are determined on the basis of tax  
rates which are currently applicable or expected to  
apply in the relevant national jurisdictions when the  
amounts are recovered. After taking account of an  
average municipal trade tax multiplier rate (Hebesatz)  
of 428.0% (2017: 425.0%), the underlying income tax  
rate for Germany was as follows:  
Tax increases as a result of non-deductible expenses  
and tax reductions due to tax-exempt income  
increased compared to one year earlier. As in the  
previous year, tax increases as a result of non-tax-  
deductible expenses were attributable primarily to  
the impact of non-recoverable withholding taxes and  
transfer price issues.  
in %  
2018  
2017  
Corporate tax rate  
15.0  
5.5  
15.0  
5.5  
Solidarity surcharge  
Corporate tax rate including solidarity  
surcharge  
15.8  
15.0  
30.8  
15.8  
14.9  
30.7  
Tax income relating to prior years resulted primarily  
from adjustments to income tax receivables and pro-  
visions for prior years.  
Municipal trade tax rate  
German income tax rate  
Other variances comprise various reconciling items,  
including the Group’s share of earnings of companies  
accounted for using the equity method.  
Deferred taxes for non-German entities are calcu-  
lated on the basis of the relevant country-specific tax  
rates. These range in the financial year 2018 between  
9
.0 % and 45.0 % (2017: between 9.0 % and 45.0 %).  
1
42  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The allocation of deferred tax assets and liabilities to  
balance sheet line items at 31 December is shown in  
the following table:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
Deferred tax assets  
Deferred tax liabilities  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
2018  
2017*  
Intangible assets  
22  
171  
18  
88  
3,077  
359  
2,593  
195  
Property, plant and equipment  
Leased products  
487  
473  
5,210  
20  
4,655  
10  
Other investments  
Sundry other assets  
Tax loss carryforwards and capital losses  
Provisions  
3
3
1,185  
891  
613  
3,254  
3,629  
608  
5,323  
2,570  
3,180  
5,192  
2,415  
3,222  
12,632  
29  
78  
Liabilities  
620  
428  
Eliminations  
981  
706  
1
3,832  
13,550  
12,294  
Valuation allowances on tax loss carryforwards and capital losses  
– 498  
– 502  
–10,137  
1,993  
Netting  
–11,744  
1,590  
–11,744  
1,806  
216  
–10,137  
2,157  
164  
Deferred taxes  
Net  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Tax loss carryforwards  for the most part usable  
without restriction – amounted to €ꢀ 045 million  
2017: €ꢀ928 million). This includes an amount of  
decreased to €ꢀ1,841 million (2017: €ꢀ1,854 million) due  
to currency factors. As in previous years, deferred tax  
assets recognised on these tax losses – amounting to  
2
,
(
542 million (2017: €ꢀ548 million), for which a valu-  
€ꢀ313 million at the end of the reporting period (2017:  
ation allowance of €ꢀ185 million (2017: €ꢀ186 million)  
was recognised on the related deferred tax asset. For  
entities with tax losses available for carryforward,  
a net surplus of deferred tax assets over deferred  
tax liabilities is reported at 31 December 2018  
amounting to €ꢀ234 million (2017: €ꢀ131 million).  
Deferred tax assets are recognised on the basis of  
management’s assessment that there is material  
evidence that the entities will generate future tax-  
able profits, against which deductible temporary  
differences can be offset.  
€ꢀ315 million) – were fully written down since they can  
only be utilised against future capital gains.  
Netting relates to the offset of deferred tax assets  
and liabilities within individual entities or tax  
groups to the extent that they relate to the same  
tax authorities.  
Deferred taxes recognised directly in equity amounted  
to €ꢀ1,457 million (2017: €ꢀ1,000 million).  
Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities  
during the reporting period can be summarised  
as follows:  
Capital losses available for carryforward in the United  
Kingdom which do not relate to ongoing operations  
1
2
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Deferred taxes at 1 January (assets (–) / liabilities (+))  
201  
355  
– 457  
– 677  
222  
268  
– 558  
815  
Deferred tax expense (+) / income (–) recognised through income statement  
Change in deferred taxes recognised directly in equity  
thereof relating to fair value gains and losses on financial instruments and marketable securities recognised directly in equity  
thereof relating to the remeasurements of net liabilities for defined benefit pension plans  
thereof from currency translation  
591  
181  
– 2  
43  
Exchange rate impact and other changes  
117  
216  
– 361  
164  
Deferred taxes at 31 December (assets (–) / liabilities (+))  
1
The figures at 1.1.2018 adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 9, see note 7.  
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
2
1
43  
Deferred taxes are not recognised on retained profits  
of €ꢀ48.2 billion (2017: €ꢀ42.8 billion) of foreign sub-  
sidiaries, as it is intended to invest these profits to  
maintain and expand the business volume of the  
relevant companies. No computation was made of  
the potential impact of income taxes on the grounds  
of proportionality.  
The tax returns of BMW Group entities are checked  
regularly by German and foreign tax authorities. Taking  
account of numerous factors – including interpretations,  
commentaries and legal decisions relating to the various  
tax jurisdictions as well as past experience – adequate  
provision has been made, to the extent identifiable and  
probable, for potential future tax obligations.  
1
5
Earnings per share  
1
2
018  
2017  
Net profit attributable to the shareholders of BMW AG  
€ million  
7,117.4  
8,589.0  
Profit attributable to common stock  
Profit attributable to preferred stock  
€ million  
€ million  
6,514.5  
602.9  
7,867.6  
721.4  
Average number of common stock shares in circulation  
Average number of preferred stock shares in circulation  
number  
number  
601,995,196  
55,605,380  
601,995,196  
55,114,290  
Basic /diluted earnings per share of common stock  
Basic /diluted earnings per share of preferred stock  
10.82  
10.84  
13.07  
13.09  
Dividend per share of common stock  
Dividend per share of preferred stock  
3.502  
3.522  
4.00  
4.02  
1
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Proposal by management.  
2
Earnings per share of preferred stock are computed  
on the basis of the number of preferred stock shares  
entitled to receive a dividend in each of the relevant  
financial years. As in the previous year, diluted earn-  
ings per share correspond to basic earnings per share.  
16  
Personnel expenses  
The income statement includes personnel expenses  
as follows:  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
Basicꢀ/ꢀdiluted earnings per share from continuing  
operations amounted to €ꢀ10.87 per share of common  
stock and €ꢀ10.89 per share of preferred stock.  
Wages and salaries  
10,249  
1,387  
843  
9,938  
1,295  
819  
Pension and welfare expenses  
Social insurance expenses  
Personnel expenses  
12,479  
12,052  
*
Distribution to wages and salaries and pension and welfare expenses adjusted in previous  
year figures.  
Personnel expenses include €ꢀ45 million (2017:  
54 million) of costs relating to workforce measures.  
The total pension expense for defined contribution  
plans of the BMW Group amounted to €ꢀ122 million  
(
2017: €ꢀ105 million). Employer contributions paid to  
state pension insurance schemes totalled €ꢀ645 million  
2017: €ꢀ630 million).  
(
1
44  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The average number of employees during the year was:  
and, in accordance with current requirements, all  
work related thereto, including the review of the  
Group Interim Financial Statements.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
2018  
2017  
Notes to the  
Income Statement  
Other attestation services include mainly project-  
related audits, comfort letters as well as legally  
prescribed, contractually agreed or voluntarily  
commissioned attestation work.  
Employees  
thereof at  
123,337  
119,611  
182  
Notes to the  
Statement of  
Comprehensive  
Income  
proportionately-consolidated entities  
Apprentices and students gaining work  
experience  
8,228  
7,913  
Tax advisory services were performed particularly in  
conjunction with tax compliance.  
thereof at  
proportionately-consolidated entities  
1
Average number of employees  
131,565  
127,524  
Other services include mainly IT consulting, bench-  
mark analyses as well as advisory work relating to  
production processes.  
The number of employees at the end of the reporting  
period is disclosed in the Combined Management  
Report.  
1
8
Government grants and government assistance  
Income from asset-related and performance-related  
grants, amounting to €ꢀ29 million (2017: €ꢀ30 million)  
and €ꢀ83 million (2017: €ꢀ112 million) respectively, was  
recognised in the income statement in 2018.  
1
7
Fee expense for the Group auditor  
The fee expense pursuant to §314 (1) no. 9 HGB  
recognised in the financial year 2018 for the Group  
auditor and its network of audit firms amounted to  
24 million (2017: €ꢀ25 million) and consists of the  
These amounts relate mainly to public sector grants  
aimed at the promotion of regional structures as well  
as to subsidies received for plant expansions.  
following:  
in € million  
2018  
17  
2017  
17  
Audit of financial statements  
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
5
5
Other attestation services  
3
4
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
2
3
Tax advisory services  
2
2
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
2
Other services  
2
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
1
Fee expense  
24  
25  
thereof KPMG AG Wirtschafts-  
prüfungsgesellschaft, Berlin  
7
9
Services provided by KPMG AG Wirtschaftsprüfungs-  
gesellschaft, Berlin, during the financial year 2018 on  
behalf of BMWAG and subsidiaries under its control  
relate to the audit of the financial statements, other  
attestation services, tax advisory services and other  
services.  
The audit of financial statements comprises mainly the  
audit of the Group financial statements and Company  
financial statements of BMWAG and its subsidiaries,  
1
45  
NOTES TO THE STATEMENT  
OF COMPREHENSIVE  
INCOME  
1
9
Disclosures relating to the statement of  
comprehensive income  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
comprises the following:  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability for pension plans  
Deferred taxes  
935  
– 217  
718  
693  
– 218  
475  
Items not expected to be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
Marketable securities (at fair value through other comprehensive income)  
thereof gains / losses arising in the period under report  
thereof reclassifications to the income statement  
Financial instruments used for hedging purposes  
thereof gains / losses arising in the period under report  
thereof reclassifications to the income statement  
Costs of hedging  
– 30  
–1  
39  
83  
– 29  
– 44  
1,914  
2,017  
–103  
–1,381  
– 333  
–1,048  
– 620  
– 973  
353  
thereof gains / losses arising in the period under report  
thereof reclassifications to the income statement  
Other comprehensive income from equity accounted investments  
Deferred taxes  
–157  
674  
– 30  
– 597  
–1,171  
155  
Currency translation foreign operations  
192  
Items that can be reclassified to the income statement in the future  
–1,322  
Other comprehensive income for the period after tax  
– 604  
630  
Deferred taxes on components of other comprehen-  
sive income are as follows:  
2
018  
2017  
Deferred  
Before  
Deferred  
After  
Before  
After  
in € million  
tax  
taxes  
tax  
tax  
taxes  
tax  
Remeasurement of the net defined benefit liability for pension plans  
Marketable securities (at fair value through other comprehensive income)  
Financial instruments used for hedging purposes  
Costs of hedging  
935  
– 30  
– 217  
18  
718  
–12  
693  
39  
– 218  
2
475  
41  
–1,381  
– 620  
–157  
436  
187  
33  
– 945  
– 433  
–124  
192  
1,914  
– 568  
1,346  
Other comprehensive income from equity accounted investments  
Currency translation foreign operations  
– 30  
– 31  
– 61  
192  
–1,171  
1,445  
–1,171  
630  
Other comprehensive income  
–1,061  
457  
– 604  
– 815  
Other comprehensive income arising from equity  
accounted investments is reported in the State-  
ment of Changes in Equity within currency trans-  
lation differences with an amount of € –24 million  
(2017: € –ꢀ152 million), within financial instruments  
used for hedging purposes with an amount of €ꢀ39 mil-  
lion (2017: €ꢀ91 million) and within costs of hedging  
with an amount of € –ꢀ139 million (2017: € – million).  
1
46  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
NOTES TO THE BALANCE SHEET  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
20  
Notes to the  
Analysis of changes in Group tangible, intangible and investment assets 2018  
Balance Sheet  
Acquisition and manufacturing cost  
Translation  
differences  
Reclassi-  
fications  
in € million  
1. 1. 2018  
Additions  
Disposals  
31.12. 2018  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
12,965  
385  
2,984  
959  
14,990  
385  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
1,750  
15,100  
12  
12  
161  
125  
1,798  
17,173  
3,145  
1,084  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
11,088  
36,833  
2,799  
75  
201  
20  
277  
2,888  
294  
372  
1,119  
60  
82  
2,852  
183  
11,730  
38,189  
2,990  
Plant and machinery  
Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and construction in progress  
2,525  
18  
1,409  
–1,551  
6
2,395  
Property, plant and equipment  
53,245  
314  
4,868  
3,123  
55,304  
Leased products  
44,143  
2,769  
735  
18,421  
547  
16,956  
692  
46,343  
2,624  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
Investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries  
Participations  
438  
820  
3
9
8
115  
5
6
444  
938  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
28  
28  
1,286  
12  
123  
11  
1,410  
1
Including assets under construction of €2,017 million.  
Including €74 million recognised through the income statement  
2
Analysis of changes in Group tangible, intangible and investment assets 2017  
Acquisition and manufacturing cost  
Translation  
differences  
Reclassi-  
fications  
1
in € million  
1. 1. 2017  
Additions  
Disposals  
31.12. 2017  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
11,484  
386  
–1  
2,424  
943  
12,965  
385  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
1,530  
13,400  
– 37  
– 38  
286  
29  
1,750  
15,100  
2,710  
972  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
10,940  
35,924  
2,674  
– 299  
– 681  
– 91  
271  
2,123  
314  
228  
1,027  
70  
52  
1,560  
168  
11,088  
36,833  
2,799  
Plant and machinery  
Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and construction in progress  
2,255  
– 97  
1,694  
–1,325  
2
2,525  
Property, plant and equipment  
51,793  
–1,168  
4,402  
1,782  
53,245  
Leased products  
45,595  
2,548  
– 3,047  
18,281  
639  
16,686  
418  
44,143  
2,769  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
Investments in non-consolidated subsidiaries  
Participations  
501  
710  
– 8  
– 7  
74  
118  
129  
1
438  
820  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
28  
28  
1,239  
–15  
192  
130  
1,286  
1
Including first-time consolidation and changes in accordance with IFRS 15.  
Including assets under construction of €2,010 million.  
Including €3 million recognised through the income statement and €76 million directly in equity.  
2
3
1
47  
Depreciation and amortisation  
Reclassi-  
Carrying amount  
Translation  
differences  
Value  
2
1
. 1. 2018  
Current year  
fications  
adjustments  
Disposals  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2018  
31. 12. 2017  
4
,556  
5
5
5
1,414  
956  
5,014  
5
9,976  
380  
8,409  
380  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
1
,075  
195  
92  
1,183  
6,202  
615  
675  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
5
,636  
1,609  
1,048  
10,971  
9,464  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
4
,966  
29  
154  
17  
348  
2,886  
270  
33  
2,767  
175  
5,310  
28,111  
2,082  
6,420  
10,078  
908  
6,122  
8,995  
2
7,838  
Plant and machinery  
1
,970  
829 Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and  
2,3951  
19,801  
2,525  
construction in progress  
3
4,774  
200  
3,504  
2,975  
35,503  
18,471  
Property, plant and equipment  
7
,886  
113  
3,328  
3,556  
7,771  
38,572  
2,624  
36,257  
Leased products  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
2,769  
Investments in non-consolidated  
1
4
89  
08  
2
–1  
73  
1
191  
480  
253  
458  
28  
249  
412  
29  
subsidiaries  
Participations  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
1
5
96  
1
74  
671  
739  
690  
Depreciation and amortisation  
Reclassi-  
Carrying amount  
Translation  
differences  
Value  
3
1
1
. 1. 2017  
Current year  
fications  
adjustments  
Disposals  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2017  
31. 12. 2016  
4
,263  
5
1,236  
943  
4,556  
5
8,409  
380  
7,221  
364  
Development costs  
Goodwill  
9
28  
–16  
–16  
191  
28  
1,075  
5,636  
675  
572  
Other intangible assets  
Intangible assets  
5
,196  
1,427  
971  
9,464  
8,157  
Land, titles to land, buildings, including  
buildings on third party land  
4
,786  
–115  
– 531  
– 62  
337  
2,820  
238  
– 5  
5
37  
1,548  
158  
4,966  
27,838  
1,970  
6,122  
8,995  
829  
6,154  
8,832  
2
7,092  
Plant and machinery  
1
,952  
721 Other facilities, factory and office equipment  
Advance payments made and  
2,5252  
18,471  
2,253  
construction in progress  
3
3,830  
– 708  
3,395  
1,743  
34,774  
17,960  
Property, plant and equipment  
7
,801  
– 379  
3,633  
3,169  
7,886  
36,257  
2,769  
37,789  
Leased products  
Investments accounted for using  
the equity method  
2,546  
Investments in non-consolidated  
1
4
92  
84  
2
– 3  
– 76  
– 3  
189  
408  
–1  
249  
412  
29  
308  
226  
26  
subsidiaries  
Participations  
Non-current marketable securities  
Other investments  
6
78  
– 3  
– 79  
596  
690  
560  
1
48  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
21  
Minimum lease payments are as follows:  
Intangible assets  
Intangible assets mainly comprise capitalised devel-  
opment costs on vehicle, module and architecture  
projects as well as subsidies for tool costs, licences,  
purchased development projects, software and pur-  
chased customer lists.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
Total of future minimum lease payments  
due within one year  
18  
75  
85  
19  
73  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
100  
192  
Other intangible assets include a brand-name right  
amounting to €ꢀ41 million (2017: €ꢀ41 million) which  
is allocated to the Automotive segment and is not  
subject to scheduled amortisation since its useful life is  
deemed to be indefinite. Intangible assets also include  
goodwill of €ꢀ33 million (2017: €ꢀ33 million) allocated  
to the Automotive cash-generating unit (CGU) and  
goodwill of €ꢀ347 million (2017: €ꢀ347 million) allocated  
to the Financial Services CGU.  
1
78  
Interest portion of the future minimum  
lease payments  
due within one year  
9
26  
38  
10  
32  
40  
82  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
7
3
Present value of future minimum lease  
payments  
Intangible assets amounting to €ꢀ41 million (2017:  
41 million) are subject to restrictions on title.  
due within one year  
9
9
41  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
49  
47  
05  
As in the previous year, there was no requirement to  
recognise impairment losses or reversals of impair-  
ment losses on intangible assets in 2018.  
60  
1
110  
As in the previous year, no financing costs were recog-  
nised as a cost component of intangible assets in 2018  
.
2
3
Leased products  
2
2
Minimum lease payments of non-cancellable oper-  
ating leases amounting to €ꢀ18,880 million (2017:  
€ꢀ17,982 million) fall due as follows:  
Property, plant and equipment  
No impairment losses were recognised in 2018, as in  
the previous year.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
As in the previous year, no financing costs were  
recognised as a cost component of property, plant  
and equipment in 2018.  
within one year  
8,980  
9,863  
37  
8,586  
9,383  
13  
between one and five years  
later than five years  
Property, plant and equipment include a total of  
€ꢀ89 million (2017: €ꢀ94 million) relating to land and  
Minimum lease payments  
18,880  
17,982  
buildings, for which economic ownership is attribut-  
able to the BMW Group (finance leases). The principal  
leases are held by BMWAG, have a carrying amount  
of €ꢀ70 million (2017: €ꢀ78 million) and run for peri-  
ods up to 2030 at the latest. The leases contain price  
adjustment clauses in the form of index-linked rentals  
as well as extension and purchase options.  
Contingent rents of €ꢀ92 million (2017: €ꢀ52 million),  
based principally on the distance driven, were  
recognised in income. The agreements have, in part,  
extension and purchase options.  
Impairment losses amounting to €ꢀ235 million (2017:  
148 million) were recognised on leased products in  
2
018 as a consequence of changes in residual value  
expectations. Income from the reversal of impairment  
losses amounted to €ꢀ92 million (2017: € – million).  
1
49  
2
4
electric vehicles in Europe. The plan is to build some  
400 fast-charging stations by 2020 in order to support  
electric mobility on long-haul routes and thereby  
establish the market.  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
Investments accounted for using the equity method com-  
prise the joint venture BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
(
BMW Brilliance), until 9 March 2018 the joint ven-  
tures DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and DriveNow  
Verwaltungs GmbH (DriveNow), the joint venture  
IONITY Holding GmbH & Co.KG (IONITY) and the  
interest in the associated company THERE Holding  
B.ꢀV. (THERE).  
In the financial year 2015, BMW AG, Daimler AG and  
AUDI AG, Ingolstadt (Audi AG) jointly acquired the  
mapping and location-based services business (HERE  
Group) of Nokia Corporation, Helsinki. HERE’s  
digital maps are laying the foundations for the next  
generation of mobility and location-based services,  
providing the basis for new assistance systems and,  
ultimately, fully automated driving.  
BMW Brilliance produces mainly BMW brand models  
for the Chinese market and also has engine manu-  
facturing facilities, which supply the joint venture’s  
two plants with petrol engines.  
In December 2016, THERE signed contracts relating  
to the sale of shares in HERE International B.ꢀV.,  
Amsterdam (HERE). The sale of 15% of the shares to  
Intel Holdings B.ꢀV., Schiphol-Rijk, was completed in  
January 2017. The sale of the shares resulted in a loss  
The BMW Group intends to increase its stake in  
the BMW Brilliance joint venture from 50% to 75%.  
On 11 October 2018, the BMW Group signed an  
agreement with its joint venture partner, a wholly  
owned subsidiary of Brilliance China Automotive  
of control, as defined by IFRS 10, at the level of THERE  
.
Since THERE continues to have a significant influence  
over HERE, the latter has been included since then  
in THERE’s consolidated financial statements as an  
associated company using the equity method. The  
loss of control and the subsequent deconsolidation of  
HERE and its subsidiaries led to a positive earnings  
effect at the level of THERE. The BMW Group portion  
amounted to €ꢀ183 million, which was recognised in  
the result from equity accounted investments in the  
financial year 2017.  
Holdings Ltd. (CBA), to acquire an additional 25  
shareholding in BMW Brilliance. The two partners  
agreed on a purchase price of an equivalent of €ꢀ bil-  
%
3.6  
lion. The contractual term of the joint venture, which  
would currently expire in 2028, is to be extended  
to 2040 as part of the agreement. The prerequisite  
for the extension is the acquisition of the additional  
shares as agreed. The agreement was approved at  
the CBA shareholders’ meeting on 18 January 2019  
and remains subject to the approval of the relevant  
authorities. The transaction is scheduled to close  
in 2022. The closing will result in BMW Brilliance  
being fully consolidated in the BMW Group Financial  
Statements and is expected to result in the recognition  
of a significant valuation gain in the financial year in  
which the transaction closes.  
In December 2017  
signed contracts for the sale of shares in THERE. Stakes  
of % each were sold to Robert Bosch Investment  
, BMWAG, Audi AG and Daimler AG  
5.9  
Nederland B.ꢀV., Boxtel, and Continental Automotive  
Holding Netherlands B.ꢀV., Maastricht, whereby the  
sale was executed in equal parts by BMWAG, Audi AG  
and Daimler AG. Closure of these transactions did  
not have a significant effect on earnings in the finan-  
cial year 2018.  
The BMW Group previously maintained the joint  
ventures DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and DriveNow  
Vewaltungs GmbH together with Sixt SE, Pullach.  
DriveNow offers car-sharing services in major German  
cities and abroad. Following approval by the antitrust  
Capital increases were made at the level of THERE in  
June and November 2018, with BMWAG participating  
with an amount of €ꢀ31 million on each occasion. As a  
result, BMWAG’s stake in THERE increased in steps  
by 0.2% to 29.6%.  
authorities and with effect from  
9 March 2018, the  
agreement with SIXT regarding the full acquisition  
of shares in DriveNow by the BMW Group was com-  
pleted. The total valuation for DriveNow amounts  
to €ꢀ418 million. Further information relating to this  
transaction is provided in note 2 to the Group  
Financial Statements.  
see  
note 2  
In the financial year 2017, the BMW Group,  
Daimler AG, Stuttgart (Daimler AG), the Ford  
Motor Company and the Volkswagen Group, each  
with equal shareholdings, founded the joint venture  
IONITY Holding GmbH & Co.KG. IONITY’s business  
model envisages the construction and operation of  
high-performance charging stations for battery  
1
50  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Financial information relating to equity accounted  
investments is summarised in the following tables:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
BMW Brilliance  
THERE  
2018  
DriveNow  
2018  
IONITY  
2018  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
1
in € million  
2018  
2017  
2017  
2017  
2017  
ꢄISClꢆSꢂꢈꢀS ꢈꢀlAꢁIꢃG ꢁꢆ  
ꢉꢀ IꢃCꢆMꢀ SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Revenues  
17,766  
636  
14,627  
637  
712  
14  
71  
1
Scheduled depreciation  
Profit / loss before financial result  
Interest income  
–1  
–1  
1,922  
62  
1,620  
46  
– 6  
–17  
–18  
–12  
Interest expenses  
Income taxes  
535  
454  
3
2
Profit / loss after tax  
1,561  
1,561  
1,338  
1,338  
– 337  
– 337  
362  
–151  
513  
2
– 6  
–17  
–15  
–10  
thereof from continuing operations  
thereof from discontinued operations  
Other comprehensive income  
Total comprehensive income  
Dividends received by the Group  
1
– 250  
1,311  
384  
–121  
1,217  
258  
– 7  
– 344  
364  
– 6  
–17  
–15  
–10  
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Revenues relate only to the month of January up to the time of loss of control of HERE.  
2
BMW Brilliance  
THERE  
DriveNow  
IONITY  
1
in € million  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
ꢄISClꢆSꢂꢈꢀS ꢈꢀlAꢁIꢃG ꢁꢆ  
ꢉꢀ bAlAꢃCꢀ Sꢉꢀꢀꢁ  
Non-current assets  
6,714  
6,570  
2,937  
5,926  
71  
5,910  
5,211  
2,617  
5,382  
1,763  
1,906  
289  
289  
2,195  
26  
9
48  
110  
102  
149  
4
46  
45  
40  
Current assets  
2
thereof cash and cash equivalents  
Equity  
2
1,764  
42  
Non-current financial liabilities  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
Current provisions and liabilities  
thereof current financial liabilities  
1
1,193  
6,094  
81  
960  
3
4,779  
6
22  
6
10  
ꢈꢀCꢆꢃCIlIAꢁIꢆꢃ ꢆꢅ  
AGGꢈꢀGAꢁꢀꢄ ꢅIꢃAꢃCIAl  
IꢃꢅꢆꢈMAꢁIꢆꢃ  
Assets  
13,284  
7,358  
5,926  
2,963  
– 898  
11,121  
5,739  
5,382  
2,691  
– 666  
2,025  
1,765  
1
2,195  
26  
22  
4
158  
9
50  
10  
40  
10  
Provisions and liabilities  
Net assets  
1,764  
522  
2,195  
732  
149  
37  
Group’s interest in net assets  
Eliminations  
23  
2
Carrying amount  
1
2,065  
522  
732  
37  
10  
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Corresponds to the consolidated equity capital provided by the shareholders of DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG and its subsidiaries.  
The share of the BMW Group on net assets at 31 December 2017 amounted to 52.8 %. Due to the allocation of voting power within decision-making bodies of the two entities,  
operations remain subject to joint control.  
2
3
1
51  
2
5
Receivables from sales financing  
Receivables from sales financing comprise the fol-  
lowing:  
Unguaranteed residual values amount to €ꢀ1,392 mil-  
* Prior year figure lion (2017: €ꢀ1,240 millionꢀ*).  
has been adjusted.  
Impairment allowances on receivables from sales  
financing in accordance with IFRS 9, which only arise  
within the Financial Services segment, developed in  
the financial year 2018 as follows:  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Credit financing for retail customers  
and dealerships  
66,521  
20,262  
62,401  
18,033  
Finance lease receivables  
Receivables from  
sales financing  
86,783  
80,434  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
General  
Stage 3  
in Mio. €  
Simplified  
Total  
Impairment allowances at 1 January 2018  
Reclassification to Stage 1  
Reclassification to Stage 2  
Reclassification to Stage 3  
Derecognition and origination of receivables  
Write off of receivables  
365  
192  
– 20  
79  
12  
450  
– 4  
1,019  
– 21  
51  
3
– 7  
– 4  
59  
– 21  
138  
–17  
– 23  
–10  
– 20  
1
–1  
1
110  
33  
– 3  
4
–1  
–1  
2
–105  
26  
–129  
30  
Changes in risk parameters  
Other changes  
– 54  
363  
– 24  
175  
15  
– 61  
1,032  
Impairment allowances at 31 December 2018  
12  
482  
The impairment allowances according to IAS 39 in the  
financial year 2017 developed as follows:  
Finance leases are analysed as follows:  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
specific  
in € million  
item basis  
group basis  
Total  
Gross investment in finance leases  
due within one year  
6,811  
15,480  
24  
6,122  
13,772  
21  
Impairment allowances  
at 1 January 2017  
943  
143  
469  
2
1,412  
145  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
– 337  
– 8  
– 345  
22,315  
19,915  
Exchange rate impact  
and other changes  
– 48  
–17  
– 65  
Present value of future minimum  
lease payments  
Impairment allowances  
at 31 December 2017  
701  
446  
1,147  
due within one year  
6,238  
14,001  
23  
5,655  
12,358  
20  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
2
0,262  
18,033  
Impairment allowances include €ꢀ113 million (2017  
105 million) on credit-impaired receivables relating  
to finance leases.  
:
Unrealised interest income  
2,053  
1,882  
The estimated fair value of vehicles held as collateral  
for credit-impaired receivables at the end of the  
reporting period totalled €ꢀ506 million. The carrying  
amount of assets held as collateral and taken back as  
a result of payment default amounted to €ꢀ42 million  
(
2017: €ꢀ45 million).  
1
52  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
26  
Allowances for impairment and credit risk  
Receivables relating to credit card business comprise  
the following:  
Financial assets  
Financial assets comprise:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Marketable securities and  
investment funds  
Gross carrying amount  
Allowance for impairment  
Net carrying amount  
262  
–18  
244  
258  
–10  
248  
5,316  
1,977  
244  
5,447  
4,341  
248  
Derivative instruments  
Credit card receivables  
Loans to third parties  
Other  
20  
114  
128  
184  
Financial assets  
7,685  
10,334  
2
7
thereof non-current  
1,010  
6,675  
2,369  
7,965  
Income tax assets  
Income tax assets totalling €ꢀ1,366 million (2017:  
566 million) include claims amounting to €ꢀ222 mil-  
thereof current  
€ꢀ1,  
lion (2017: €ꢀ364 million), which are expected to  
be settled after more than one year. Claims may be  
settled earlier than this depending on the timing of  
proceedings.  
Marketable securities and investment funds relate to  
available-for-sale financial assets and comprise:  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
4,359  
31.12. 2017  
Fixed income securities  
4,662  
2
8
Stocks and other equity  
capital instruments  
Other assets  
Other assets comprise:  
534  
251  
Other debt securities  
957  
Marketable securities and  
investment funds  
5,316  
5,447  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
Return right assets for future  
leased products  
In 2017, stocks and other equity capital instruments  
related entirely to investment funds. In accordance  
with IFRS 9, these assets are required to be classified  
as debt capital instruments and are therefore reported  
as other debt securities with effect from the financial  
year 2018.  
3,261  
2,167  
1,962  
2,018  
Prepayments  
Receivables from companies in which  
an investment is held  
1,916  
1,747  
295  
1,334  
1,537  
276  
Other taxes  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
Collateral assets  
293  
316  
The contracted maturities of debt securities are as  
follows:  
Expected reimbursement claims  
Sundry other assets  
Other assets  
933  
847  
1,204  
11,816  
825  
9,115  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
thereof non-current  
2,026  
9,790  
1,630  
7,485  
Fixed income securities  
due within three months  
due later than three months  
thereof current  
787  
628  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
3,572  
4,034  
Other debt securities  
due within three months  
due later than three months  
Debt securities  
Prepayments relate mainly to prepaid interest, com-  
mission paid to dealerships and amounts paid in  
advance to contract manufacturers. Prepayments of  
957  
251  
5,316  
4,913  
1,227 million (2017: €1,136 million) have a maturity  
of less than one year.  
1
53  
Collateral assets comprise mainly customary collateral  
banking deposits) arising on the sale of receivables.  
Impairment allowances on trade receivables according  
to IFRS 9 developed during the financial year 2018  
as follows:  
(
in € million  
2018  
2
9
Inventories  
Inventories comprise the following:  
Balance at 1 January*  
Allocated (+)  
60  
21  
Reversed (–)  
– 26  
–1  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Utilised  
Exchange rate impact and other changes  
Balance at 31 December  
Finished goods and goods for resale  
Work in progress, unbilled contracts  
Raw materials and supplies  
Inventories  
10,592  
1,208  
10,436  
1,125  
54  
*
The difference between the closing balance at 31 December 2017 and the opening balance  
at 1 January 2018 corresponds to the adjustment recorded in accordance with IFRS 9.  
1,247  
1,146  
13,047  
12,707  
The impairment allowances according to IAS 39 in the  
financial year 2017 developed as follows:  
Out of the total amount recognised for inventories  
at 31 December 2018, inventories measured at net  
realisable value amounted to €ꢀ680 million (2017:  
2
017  
1
1
673 millionꢀ ). Write-downs to net realisable value Prior year figure  
1
has been adjusted.  
Allowance for impairment  
recognised on a  
amounting to €ꢀ54 million (2017: €ꢀ36 million ) were  
recognised in 2018, reversal of impairment losses  
amounted to €ꢀ22 million (2017: €ꢀ6 million).  
specific  
item basis  
in € million  
group basis  
Total  
The expense recorded in conjunction with inven-  
tories during the financial year 2018 amounted to  
Balance at 1 January  
Allocated (+) / reversed (–)  
Utilised  
46  
8
11  
– 2  
–1  
57  
6
58,079 million (2017: €ꢀ55,969 million).  
– 4  
– 5  
Exchange rate impact and  
other changes  
–1  
–1  
– 2  
56  
Balance at 31 December*  
49  
7
3
0
*
The difference between the closing balance at 31 December 2017 and the opening balance  
at 1 January 2018 corresponds to the adjustment recorded in accordance with IFRS 9.  
Trade receivables  
Trade receivables comprise the following:  
In the case of trade receivables, collateral is generally  
held in the form of vehicle documents and bank guar-  
antees so that the risk of bad debt loss is very limited.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Gross carrying amount  
2,600  
2,723  
– 56  
Allowance for impairment  
Expenses for impairment losses and income from  
the reversal of impairment losses is not significant in  
relation to total Group expenses and is therefore not  
reported separately in the income statement.  
Allowances for impairment of stage 2 –  
simplified procedure  
– 20  
– 34  
Allowances for impairment of stage 3  
Net carrying amount  
2,546  
2,667  
1
54  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
31  
Equity  
ꢃumꢇer of shares issued  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Preferred stock  
018  
Common stock  
2018  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
2
2017  
2017  
Shares issued / in circulation at 1 January  
55,605,404  
521,524  
24  
55,114,404  
491,114  
114  
601,995,196  
601,995,196  
Shares issued in conjunction with Employee Share Programme  
Less: shares repurchased and re-issued  
Shares issued / in circulation at 31 December  
56,126,904  
55,605,404  
601,995,196  
601,995,196  
All Company stock is issued to bearer and each share  
has a par value of €ꢀ1.00. Preferred stock, to which no  
voting rights are attached, bear an additional dividend  
of €ꢀ0.02 per share.  
Capitaꢊ reserves  
Capital reserves include premiums arising from the  
issue of shares and totalled €ꢀ 118 million (2017:  
€ꢀ2,084 million). The change related to the share cap-  
ital increase arising in conjunction with the issue of  
shares of preferred stock to employees amounting  
to €ꢀ34 million.  
2
,
In 2018, a total of 521,524 shares of preferred stock  
was sold to employees at a reduced price of €ꢀ46.26 per  
share in conjunction with the Company’s Employee  
Share Programme. These shares are entitled to  
receive dividends for the first time with effect from  
the financial year 2019.  
ꢈevenue reserves  
Revenue reserves comprise the non-distributed earn-  
ings of companies consolidated in the Group Financial  
Statements. In addition, remeasurements of the net  
defined benefit obligation for pension plans are also  
presented in revenue reserves.  
Issued share capital increased by €ꢀ  
result of the issue to employees of 521  
of non-voting preferred stock. BMWAG is authorised  
up to 14 May 2019 to issue million shares of non-  
voting preferred stock amounting to nominal €ꢀ mil-  
lion. At the end of the reporting period, 3.1 million  
0
.
5
million as a  
,
500 new shares  
5
It is proposed that the unappropriated profit of BMWAG  
for the financial year 2018 amounting to €ꢀ2,303 mil-  
lion according to HGB be utilised as follows:  
5.0  
of these amounting to nominal €ꢀ3.1 million remained  
available for issue.  
Distribution of a dividend of 3.52 per share of  
preferred stock (€ꢀ196 million)  
In addition, 24 previously issued shares of preferred  
stock were acquired and re-issued to employees.  
Distribution of a dividend of 3.50 per share of  
common stock (€ꢀ2,107 million)  
The proposed distribution was not recognised as a  
liability in the Group Financial Statements.  
1
55  
Accumulated other equity  
The capital structure at the end of the reporting period  
was as follows:  
Accumulated other equity comprises amounts recog-  
nised directly in equity resulting from the translation  
of the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries,  
changes in the fair value of derivative financial instru-  
ments and marketable securities, costs of hedging  
recognised directly in equity as well the related  
deferred taxes.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
Equity attributable to shareholders  
of BMW AG  
57,559  
35.7 %  
53,671  
36.2 %  
Proportion of total capital  
Further information regarding the transition effects  
recognised directly in equity on the first-time application  
of IFRS 15 and IFRS 9 is provided in notes 6 and 7.  
Non-current financial liabilities  
Current financial liabilities  
Total financial liabilities  
Proportion of total capital  
Total capital  
64,772  
38,825  
53,548  
41,100  
94,648  
63.8 %  
see  
notes 6 and 7  
103,597  
64.3 %  
Capitaꢊ management discꢊosures  
161,156  
148,319  
The BMW Group’s objectives with regard to capital  
management are to safeguard over the long-term the  
Group’s ability to continue as a going concern and to  
provide an adequate return to shareholders.  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
The equity ratio attributable to shareholders of  
BMW AG increased during the financial year by  
7.2%, primarily reflecting the increase in revenue  
reserves.  
The capital structure is managed in order to meet  
needs arising from changes in economic conditions  
and the risks of the underlying assets.  
The BMW Group is not subject to any unified external  
minimum equity capital requirements. Within the  
Financial Services segment, however, there are a  
number of individual entities which are subject to  
equity capital requirements of relevant regulatory  
banking authorities.  
In order to manage its capital structure, the BMW Group  
uses various instruments, including the amount of  
dividends paid to shareholders and share buybacks.  
Moreover, the BMW Group actively manages debt  
capital, carrying out funding activities with a target  
debt structure in mind. A key aspect in the selection  
of financial instruments is the objective to achieve  
matching maturities for the Group’s financing require-  
ments. In order to reduce non-systematic risk, the  
BMW Group uses a variety of financial instruments  
available on the world’s capital markets to achieve  
diversification.  
1
56  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
32  
most of the defined benefit plans have been closed  
to new entrants.  
Pension provisions  
In the case of defined benefit plans, the BMW Group  
is required to pay the benefits it has granted to  
present and past employees. Defined benefit plans  
may be covered by provisions or pension assets. In  
Germany, pension entitlements are mostly covered  
by assets transferred to BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, in  
conjunction with a Contractual Trust Arrangement  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
The assumptions stated below, which depend on  
the economic situation in the relevant country, are  
used to measure the defined benefit obligation  
of each pension plan. In Germany, the so-called  
“pension entitlement trend” (Festbetragstrend)  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
remained at 2.0 %. The following weighted average  
(
CTA). Funded plans also exist in the UK, the USA,  
values have been used for Germany, the UK and  
other countries:  
Switzerland, Belgium and Japan. In the meantime,  
Germany  
31.12. 2018  
United Kingdom  
31.12. 2018 31.12. 2017  
Other  
31.12. 2018  
in %  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2017  
Discount rate  
1.91  
1.62  
20.2  
1.79  
1.82  
20.8  
2.69  
2.25  
19.0  
2.34  
2.44  
21.3  
3.66  
3.13  
Pension level trend  
Weighted duration of all pension obligations in years  
17.2  
18.3  
The following mortality tables are applied in countries,  
in which the BMW Group has significant defined  
benefit plans:  
Germany  
Mortality Table 2018 G issued by Prof. K. Heubeck (with invalidity rates reduced by 70 %)  
S2PA tables and S2PA light tables with weightings  
United Kingdom  
Based on the measurement principles contained in  
IAS 19, the following balance sheet carrying amounts  
apply to the Group’s pension plans:  
Germany  
United Kingdom  
31.12. 2018 31.12. 2017  
Other  
31.12. 2018  
Total  
31.12. 2018  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2017  
Present value of defined benefit  
obligations  
11,542  
9,721  
11,641  
9,604  
8,277  
8,167  
9,594  
8,908  
1,428  
1,049  
1,475  
965  
21,247  
18,937  
22,710  
19,477  
Fair value of plan assets  
Effect of limiting net defined benefit  
asset to asset ceiling  
3
3
3
3
Carrying amounts at 31 December  
1,821  
2,037  
110  
686  
382  
513  
2,313  
3,236  
thereof pension provision  
thereof assets  
1,823  
– 2  
2,037  
125  
–15  
702  
–16  
382  
513  
2,330  
–17  
3,252  
–16  
1
57  
Numerous defined benefit plans exist within the  
ꢂnited Kingdom  
BMW Group.  
Defined benefit plans exist in the United Kingdom  
which are closed for all plan participants. Vested  
benefits remain in place. New benefits are covered  
by contributions made to a defined contribution plan.  
The most significant of the BMW Group’s pension  
plans are described below.  
Germany  
The pension plans are administered by BMW Pension  
Both employer- and employee-funded benefit plans  
exist in Germany. Benefits paid in conjunction with  
these plans comprise old-age retirement pensions as  
well as invalidity and surviving dependents’ benefits.  
Trustees Limited, Farnborough, and BMW  
Limited, Farnborough, both trustee companies which  
act independently of the BMW Group. BMW UK  
(UK) Trustees  
(
)
Trustees Limited, Farnborough, is represented by  
ten trustees and BMW Pension Trustees Limited,  
Farnborough, by five trustees. A minimum of one  
third of the trustees must be elected by plan partic-  
ipants. The trustees represent the interests of plan  
participants and decide on investment strategies.  
Funding contributions to the funds are determined  
in agreement with the BMW Group.  
The defined benefit plans have been closed to new  
entrants. Defined contribution plans with a minimum  
rate of return, comprising employer- and employee-  
funded components, continue to exist. The fact that  
the plan involves a minimum rate of return means that  
the defined contribution entitlements are classified  
in accordance with IAS 19 as defined benefit plans.  
In the case of defined benefit plans involving the  
payment of a pension, the amount of benefits to be  
paid is determined by multiplying a fixed amount by  
the number of years of service.  
The assets of the German pension plans are invested  
by BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, in accordance with a  
CTA. The representative bodies of this entity are  
the Board of Directors and the Members’ General  
Meeting. BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, currently has  
seven members and three members of the Board of  
Directors elected by the Members’ General Meeting.  
The Board of Directors is responsible for investments,  
drawing up and deciding on investment guidelines as  
well as monitoring compliance with those guidelines.  
The members of the association can be BMW Group  
employees, senior executives and members of the  
Board of Management. An ordinary Members’ General  
Meeting takes place once every calendar year, and  
deals with a range of matters, including receiving and  
approving the association’s annual report, ratifying  
the activities of the Board of Directors and adopting  
changes to the association’s statutes.  
1
58  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The change in the net defined benefit obligation for pension  
plans can be derived as follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Effect of limitation  
of the net defined  
benefit asset to the  
asset ceiling  
Defined  
benefit  
obligation  
Net defined  
benefit liability  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
in € million  
Plan assets  
Total  
1
January 2018  
22,710  
–19,477  
3,233  
3
3,236  
ExꢁEꢂSEꢀ/ꢀIꢂꢃꢄME  
Current service cost  
508  
475  
59  
– 413  
508  
62  
508  
62  
Interest expense (+) / income (–)  
Past service cost  
59  
59  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from settlements  
–10  
–10  
–10  
ꢈꢀMꢀASꢂꢈꢀMꢀꢃꢁS  
Gains (–) or losses (+) on plan assets, excluding amounts included  
in interest income  
–1,274  
– 416  
999  
999  
–1,274  
– 416  
999  
–1,274  
– 416  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in financial assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in demographic assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from experience adjustments  
– 264  
– 264  
– 264  
Changes in the limitation of the net defined benefit asset to the  
asset ceiling  
Transfers to fund  
73  
– 658  
– 73  
– 658  
3
– 658  
Employee contributions  
Pensions and other benefits paid  
Translation differences and other changes  
– 632  
8
689  
57  
57  
6
14  
14  
3
1 December 2018  
21,247  
–18,937  
2,310  
2,313  
thereof pension provision  
thereof assets  
2,330  
–17  
Effect of limitation  
of the net defined  
benefit asset to the  
asset ceiling  
Defined  
benefit  
obligation  
Net defined  
benefit liability  
in € million  
Plan assets  
Total  
1
January 2017  
22,899  
–18,315  
4,584  
3
4,587  
ExꢁEꢂSEꢅ/ꢅIꢂꢃꢄME  
Current service cost  
581  
489  
– 408  
581  
81  
581  
81  
Interest expense (+) / income (–)  
Past service cost  
– 2  
– 2  
– 2  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from settlements  
– 212  
– 212  
– 212  
ꢈꢀMꢀASꢂꢈꢀMꢀꢃꢁS  
Gains (–) or losses (+) on plan assets, excluding amounts included  
in interest income  
322  
– 590  
– 590  
322  
– 590  
322  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in financial assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from changes in demographic assumptions  
Gains (–) or losses (+) arising from experience adjustments  
–152  
–134  
–152  
–134  
–152  
–134  
Changes in the limitation of the net defined benefit asset to the  
asset ceiling  
Transfers to fund  
86  
–1,165  
– 86  
–1,165  
3
–1,165  
Employee contributions  
Pensions and other benefits paid  
Translation differences and other changes  
– 619  
– 548  
22,710  
637  
18  
18  
450  
– 98  
3,233  
– 98  
3,236  
3
1 December 2017  
–19,477  
thereof pension provision  
thereof assets  
3,252  
–16  
1
59  
Past service cost in the financial year 2018 results  
mainly from the estimated effects of a court order  
made in October 2018 in the UK. The court ruling  
related to gender equality in state-guaranteed min-  
imum pension (GMP) plans and requires existing  
pension entitlements to be adjusted.  
in the United Kingdom. The revision of German mor-  
tality tables had an offsetting effect.  
Depending on the cash flow profile and risk structure  
of the pension obligations involved, pension plan  
assets are invested in a diversified portfolio.  
The gains arising from changes in demographic  
assumptions relate mainly to revised mortality tables  
Plan assets in Germany, the UK and other countries  
comprised the following:  
Germany  
United Kingdom  
2018  
Other  
2018  
Total  
2018  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
2017  
2017  
2017  
CꢆMꢋꢆꢃꢀꢃꢁS ꢆꢅ ꢋlAꢃ ASSꢀꢁS  
Equity instruments  
1,565  
5,604  
3,402  
1,682  
5,668  
3,231  
407  
5,774  
5,224  
478  
6,354  
5,734  
172  
552  
518  
222  
469  
434  
2,144  
11,930  
9,144  
2,382  
12,491  
9,399  
Debt instruments  
thereof investment grade  
thereof mixed funds  
(
funds without a rating)  
550  
620  
34  
35  
93  
42  
2,786  
93  
3,092  
93  
thereof non-investment grade  
Real estate funds  
2,202  
2,437  
93  
47  
Money market funds  
Absolute return funds  
Other  
221  
191  
51  
268  
233  
51  
15  
879  
5
15  
5
Total with quoted market price  
7,169  
7,350  
6,402  
7,074  
831  
14,450  
15,255  
Debt instruments  
1,009  
935  
198  
270  
404  
1
1
1,280  
1,340  
198  
thereof investment grade  
307  
307  
thereof mixed funds  
(
funds without a rating)  
thereof non-investment grade  
Real estate  
702  
737  
216  
54  
404  
1
1
918  
55  
1,141  
1
325  
12  
240  
16  
678  
662  
10  
36  
1
1,039  
13  
902  
27  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Absolute return funds  
Other  
1
669  
537  
2,552  
708  
354  
2,253  
605  
212  
1,765  
617  
141  
1,834  
65  
67  
170  
47  
86  
135  
1,339  
816  
1,372  
581  
4,222  
Total without quoted market price  
4,487  
3
1 December  
9,721  
9,603  
8,167  
8,908  
1,049  
966  
18,937  
19,477  
Employer contributions to plan assets are expected to  
amount to €ꢀ526 million in the coming year.  
procedures and for internal management purposes,  
financial risks relating to the pension plans are reported  
using a value-at-risk approach by reference to the  
pension deficit. The investment strategy is also subject  
to regular review together with external consultants,  
with the aim of ensuring that investments are struc-  
tured to match the timing of pension payments and  
the expected development of pension obligations. In  
this way, fluctuations in pension funding shortfalls  
are reduced.  
The BMW Group is exposed to risks arising both from  
defined benefit plans and defined contribution plans  
with a minimum return guarantee. The discount rates  
used to calculate pension obligations are subject to  
market fluctuation and therefore influence the level of  
the obligations. Furthermore, changes in other actu-  
arial parameters, such as expected rates of inflation,  
also have an impact on pension obligations. In order  
to reduce currency exposures, a substantial portion  
of plan assets is either invested in the same cur-  
rency as the underlying plan or hedged by means of  
currency derivatives. As part of the internal reporting  
1
60  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The defined benefit obligation relates to current  
employees, pensioners and former employees with  
vested benefits as follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
Germany  
31.12. 2018  
United Kingdom  
31.12. 2018 31.12. 2017  
Other  
31.12. 2018  
in %  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2017  
Current employees  
65.9  
29.3  
4.8  
66.6  
28.3  
48.5  
23.9  
45.0  
77.3  
18.8  
3.9  
78.5  
17.8  
Pensioners  
Former employees with vested benefits  
Defined benefit obligation  
5.1  
51.5  
31.1  
3.7  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
100.0  
The sensitivity analysis provided below shows the  
extent to which changes in individual factors at the  
end of the reporting period influence the defined  
benefit obligation.  
a non-linear pattern, estimates made on the basis  
of the specified sensitivities are only possible with  
this restriction. The calculation of sensitivities using  
ranges other than those specified could result in  
a disproportional change in the defined benefit  
obligation.  
It is only possible to aggregate sensitivities to a lim-  
ited extent. Since the change in obligation follows  
Change in defined benefit obligation  
3
1.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
in € million  
in € million  
in %  
in %  
increase of 0.75 %  
– 2,652  
3,334  
597  
–12.5  
15.7  
2.8  
– 3,055  
3,878  
712  
–13.5  
17.1  
3.1  
Discount rate  
decrease of 0.75 %  
increase of 0.25 %  
decrease of 0.25 %  
increase of 1 year  
decrease of 1 year  
increase of 0.25 %  
decrease of 0.25 %  
Pension level trend  
Average life expectancy  
Pension entitlement trend  
– 567  
770  
– 2.7  
3.6  
– 672  
856  
– 3.0  
3.8  
– 779  
156  
– 3.7  
0.7  
– 855  
162  
– 3.8  
0.7  
–147  
– 0.7  
–155  
– 0.7  
In the UK, the sensitivity analysis for the pension  
level trend also takes account of restrictions due to  
caps and floors.  
1
61  
3
3
Other provisions  
Other provisions changed during the year as follows:  
Translation  
differences  
Reversal of  
discounting  
thereof due  
31.12. 2018 within one year  
in € million  
1.1.2017*  
Additions  
Utilised  
Reversed  
Statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations, product guarantees  
5,074  
85  
1,959  
59  
– 2,019  
5,158  
1,367  
Obligations for personnel and  
social expenses  
2,782  
2,523  
1
1,827  
653  
–1,761  
– 454  
– 30  
2,819  
2,087  
1,861  
1,310  
Other obligations  
–10  
– 625  
Other obligations for ongoing  
operational expenses  
1,620  
34  
694  
– 481  
– 77  
1,790  
1,540  
6,078  
Other provisions  
11,999  
110  
5,133  
59  
– 4,715  
– 732  
11,854  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Depending on when claims occur, it is possible that the  
BMW Group may be called upon to fulfil the warranty  
or guarantee obligations over the whole period of  
the warranty or guarantee. Expected reimbursement  
claims at 31 December 2018 amounted to €ꢀ933 million  
34  
Income tax liabilities  
Current income tax liabilities totalling €ꢀ  
1
,
158 million  
(2017: €ꢀ1,124 million) include €ꢀ96 million (2017:  
€ꢀ68 million) which are expected to be settled after  
more than twelve months. Liabilities may be settled  
earlier than this depending on the timing of pro-  
ceedings.  
(
2017: €ꢀ847 million).  
Provisions for obligations for personnel and social  
expenses comprise mainly performance-related  
remuneration components, early retirement part-time  
working arrangements and employee long-service  
awards.  
Provisions for other obligations cover numerous  
specific risks and uncertain obligations, in particular  
for litigation and liability risks.  
Other obligations for ongoing operational expenses  
include in particular expected payments for bonuses  
and other price deductions.  
Income from the reversal of other provisions amoun-  
ting to €ꢀ516 million (2017: €ꢀ322 million) is recorded  
in cost of sales and in selling and administrative  
expenses.  
1
62  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
35  
Financial liabilities  
Financial liabilities of the BMW Group comprise the  
following:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
3
1.12. 2018  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
9,762  
5,732  
10,961  
8,678  
2,480  
646  
32,592  
11,603  
3,289  
3,293  
10,992  
53,346  
17,335  
14,359  
13,196  
2,480  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
109  
1,225  
Commercial paper  
Derivative instruments  
Other  
915  
114  
1,675  
566  
159  
481  
1,206  
Financial liabilities  
38,825  
51,851  
12,921  
103,597  
3
1.12. 2017  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
11,132  
6,037  
10,144  
8,440  
4,461  
373  
25,887  
10,818  
3,296  
3,170  
7,861  
44,880  
16,855  
13,572  
12,658  
4,461  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
132  
1,048  
Commercial paper  
Derivative instruments  
Other  
544  
173  
469  
9,683  
1,090  
513  
150  
1,132  
Financial liabilities  
41,100  
43,865  
94,648  
1
63  
Liabilities related to financing activities can be rec-  
onciled as follows:  
Changes due to  
the acquisition Changes due to  
Cash inflows /  
outflows  
or disposal of  
companies  
exchange rate  
Changes in  
fair values Other changes  
in € million  
1.1. 2018  
factors  
31.12. 2018  
Bonds  
44,880  
16,855  
13,572  
12,658  
4,461  
7,784  
288  
707  
192  
227  
–141  
40  
– 33  
8
3
53,346  
17,335  
14,359  
13,196  
2,480  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
557  
679  
Commercial paper  
– 2,021  
Financial liabilities towards companies in which an  
investment is held  
739  
114  
– 210  
– 9  
529  
105  
Liabilities from finance lease contracts  
Other (excluding interest payable)  
604  
– 31  
38  
15  
26  
626  
Liabilities relating to financing activities  
93,883  
7,037  
1,063  
– 33  
101,976  
Changes due to  
the acquisition Changes due to  
Cash inflows /  
outflows  
or disposal of  
companies  
exchange rate  
Changes in  
fair values Other changes  
in € million  
1.1. 2017  
factors  
31.12. 2017  
Bonds  
44,421  
16,474  
13,512  
14,892  
3,852  
2,687  
1,338  
656  
–1,901  
– 957  
– 596  
– 655  
– 344  
– 328  
1
44,880  
16,855  
13,572  
12,658  
4,461  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
–1,579  
953  
Commercial paper  
Financial liabilities towards companies in which an  
investment is held  
615  
127  
124  
–13  
1
739  
114  
Liabilities from finance lease contracts  
Other (excluding interest payable)  
684  
–143  
4,023  
151  
151  
– 88  
604  
Liabilities relating to financing activities  
94,577  
– 4,541  
– 328  
93,883  
1
64  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Bonds comprise:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Issue volume  
in relevant currency  
(ISO-Code)  
Weighted average  
maturity period  
(in years)  
Weighted average  
nominal interest rate  
(in %)  
Notes to the  
Issuer  
Interest  
Balance Sheet  
BMW Finance N.V.  
variable  
variable  
variable  
fixed  
EUR 6,100 million  
USD 130 million  
GBP 20 million  
2.1  
1.3  
2.0  
6.3  
5.8  
3.8  
3.0  
5.0  
4.7  
5.8  
4.0  
6.9  
2.8  
3.0  
3.0  
5.7  
7.6  
3.0  
5.0  
3.5  
2.6  
3.9  
2.2  
3.0  
3.0  
3.0  
2.5  
10.0  
4.6  
0.0  
2.8  
1.2  
1.0  
0.4  
1.8  
4.3  
1.8  
2.1  
1.5  
2.5  
3.3  
2.5  
0.0  
2.0  
2.7  
1.0  
2.0  
2.0  
2.8  
2.7  
2.0  
1.1  
0.3  
2.6  
4.4  
8.0  
3.3  
1.6  
EUR 21,150 million  
JPY 19,100 million  
NOK 2,400 million  
CNY 2,300 million  
SEK 1,750 million  
HKD 1,342 million  
GBP 1,150 million  
USD 300 million  
AUD 290 million  
USD 3,608 million  
EUR 500 million  
NZD 30 million  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
BMW US Capital, LLC  
variable  
variable  
variable  
fixed  
USD 13,450 million  
EUR 2,500 million  
HKD 334 million  
GBP 300 million  
AUD 130 million  
CAD 500 million  
CAD 1,400 million  
GBP 1,175 million  
SEK 500 million  
KRW 120,000 million  
CNY 8,000 million  
INR 8,000 million  
NOK 1,000 million  
GBP 850 million  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
BMW Canada Inc.  
Other  
variable  
fixed  
variable  
variable  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
fixed  
The following details apply to commercial paper:  
Issue volume  
in relevant currency  
(ISO-Code)  
Weighted average  
maturity period  
(in days)  
Weighted average  
nominal interest rate  
(in %)  
Issuer  
BMW Finance N.V.  
EUR 2,030 million  
GBP 350 million  
INR 4,500 million  
140  
59  
– 0.3  
0.9  
BMW International Investment B.V.  
BMW India Financial Services Private Ltd.  
44  
7.9  
1
65  
3
6
Other liabilities  
Other liabilities comprise the following items:  
3
1.12. 2018  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Deferred income  
2,771  
4,311  
2,940  
945  
4,260  
453  
7,484  
4,311  
2,940  
945  
Refund liabilities for future leased products  
Bonuses and sales aides  
Other taxes  
Advance payments from customers  
Deposits received  
736  
175  
280  
911  
560  
10  
850  
Payables to other companies in which an investment is held  
Social security  
781  
781  
76  
26  
102  
Payables to subsidiaries  
Sundry  
92  
92  
1,905  
15,117  
87  
8
2,000  
20,416  
Other liabilities  
4,828  
471  
3
1.12. 2017*  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Deferred income  
2,284  
2,807  
3,097  
934  
3,954  
428  
6,666  
2,807  
3,097  
934  
Refund liabilities for future leased products  
Bonuses and sales aides  
Other taxes  
Advance payments from customers  
Deposits received  
934  
122  
346  
1,056  
856  
505  
5
Payables to other companies in which an investment is held  
Social security  
744  
744  
75  
23  
98  
Payables to subsidiaries  
Sundry  
129  
129  
1,934  
13,443  
160  
4,605  
7
2,101  
18,488  
Other liabilities  
440  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Sundry other liabilities include mainly commission  
payable and credit balances on customers’ accounts.  
Other liabilities include contract liabilities relating to  
contracts with customers amounting to €ꢀ4,985 million  
31 December 2017: €ꢀ4,820 million).  
(
An amount of €ꢀ2,134 million (2017: €ꢀ2,294 million)  
was released from contract liabilities in the financial  
year and recognised as revenues from contracts with  
customers.  
1
66  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Deferred income comprises the following items:  
3
1.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
thereof due  
thereof due  
Notes to the  
Balance Sheet  
in € million  
Total  
within one year  
Total  
within one year  
Other Disclosures  
Deferred income relating to service contracts  
Deferred income from lease financing  
Grants  
3,826  
2,764  
337  
1,534  
1,092  
27  
3,659  
2,361  
332  
1,228  
973  
28  
Other deferred income  
557  
118  
314  
55  
Deferred income  
7,484  
2,771  
6,666  
2,284  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
Deferred income relating to service contracts com-  
prises service and repair work as well as telematics  
services and roadside assistance agreed to be part of  
the sale of a vehicle (in some cases multi-component  
arrangements). Deferred income from lease financing  
relates primarily to down payments on leases.  
Grants comprise mainly public sector funds to  
promote regional structures and which have been  
invested in the production plants in Brazil, Mexico,  
Leipzig and Berlin. The grants are partly subject to  
holding periods for the assets concerned of up to five  
years andꢀ/ꢀor minimum employment figures. Grant  
income is recognised in the income statement over  
the useful lives of the assets to which it relates.  
3
7
Trade payables  
As in the previous year, trade payables are due within  
one year.  
1
67  
OTHER DISCLOSURES  
Regulatory authorities have ordered the BMW Group  
to recall various vehicle models in conjunction with  
airbags supplied by the Takata group of companies.  
Provision for the costs involved has been recognised  
within warranty provisions. In addition to the risks  
already covered by warranty provisions, it cannot be  
ruled out that further BMW Group vehicles will be  
affected by future recall actions. Further disclosures  
pursuant to IAS 37.86 cannot be provided at present.  
3
8
Contingent liabilities and other financial  
commitments  
Contingent ꢊiaꢇiꢊities  
The following contingent liabilities existed at the  
balance sheet date:  
ꢄther financial commitments  
In addition to liabilities, provisions and contingent  
liabilities, other financial commitments consist in  
particular of rental and leasing contracts for build-  
ings, property, machinery, tools, offices and other  
facilities. Contracts have terms of up to 121 years and  
include in part renewal and purchase options or price  
adjustments in the form of index-linked or graduated  
rent, for example to compensate inflation.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Investment subsidies  
Litigation  
275  
125  
14  
399  
204  
10  
Guarantees  
Other  
351  
765  
203  
816  
Contingent liabilities  
In the financial year 2018, an expense of €ꢀ483 million  
(
2017: €430 million) was recognised for payments on  
operating leases.  
Other contingent liabilities comprise mainly risks  
relating to taxes and customs duties.  
Total minimum future lease payments from non-can-  
cellable rental contracts by maturity is as follows:  
The BMW Group determines its best estimate of  
contingent liabilities on the basis of the information  
available at the reporting date. This assessment may  
change over time and is adjusted regularly on the basis  
of new information and circumstances. A part of the  
risks is covered by insurance.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
due within one year  
468  
1,310  
916  
446  
1,179  
849  
due between one and five years  
due later than five years  
Other financial obligations  
2,694  
2,474  
In June 2016, Germanyʼs Federal Cartel Agency con-  
ducted searches at various carmakers and suppliers,  
including BMWAG, in relation to the purchase of  
steel. The respective investigations have not yet been  
completed. More extensive disclosures pursuant to  
IAS 37.86 cannot be provided at present.  
In addition, the following commitments exist for the  
BMW Group at the end of the reporting period:  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
In July 2017, cartel allegations against five German  
car manufacturers appeared in the press. Internal  
investigations were initiated by the BMW Group  
Purchase commitments for  
property, plant and equipment  
3,486  
1,554  
4,137  
1,804  
and have not yet been completed. In October 2017  
,
Purchase commitments for  
intangible assets  
the European Commission began an inspection at  
the BMW Group, and in September of the current  
financial year opened formal proceedings pertaining  
to specific matters. A number of class actions were  
brought in the USA and Canada. Possible risks for  
the BMW Group can neither be foreseen in detail nor  
quantified at present. Further disclosures pursuant to  
IAS 37.86 cannot be provided at present.  
1
68  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
39  
Financial instruments  
The carrying amounts of financial instruments are  
assigned to IFRS 9 categoriesꢀ* in the following table.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
3
1.12. 2018  
At fair value  
At fair value  
through profit  
or loss  
through other com-  
At amortised cost prehensive income  
in € million  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Other investments  
429  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
86,783  
Derivative instruments  
Cash flow hedges  
840  
654  
483  
970  
3
Fair value hedges  
Other derivative instruments  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Loans to third parties  
Credit card receivables  
Other  
675  
17  
3,671  
244  
128  
10,094  
2,546  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Trade receivables  
885  
Other assets  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
295  
Receivables from companies in which  
an investment is held  
1,916  
293  
Collateral assets  
Other  
1,444  
Total  
104,435  
3,671  
4,264  
lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Financial liabilities  
Bonds  
53,346  
13,196  
14,359  
2,480  
Liabilities to banks  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Commercial paper  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Derivative instruments  
Cash flow hedges  
17,335  
697  
556  
422  
Fair value hedges  
Other derivative instruments  
Other  
1,206  
9,669  
Trade payables  
Other liabilities  
Payables to subsidiaries  
92  
Payables to other companies in which  
an investment is held  
781  
Other  
5,665  
Total  
118,129  
1,675  
*
The carrying amounts of cash flow hedges and fair value hedges are categorised as at fair value through profit or loss for the sake of clarity. Receivables from sales financing are shown including finance leases.  
1
69  
For the financial year 2017, items are allocated by  
category in accordance with the requirements of  
IAS 39ꢀ* as applied in that year:  
3
1.12. 2017  
Loans and  
in € million  
Cash funds  
receivables  
Available for sale  
Fair value option  
Other liabilities  
Held for trading  
ASSꢀꢁS  
Other investments  
366  
29  
Receivables from sales financing  
Financial assets  
80,434  
Derivative instruments  
Cash flow hedges  
2
2,187  
Fair value hedges  
814  
Other derivative instruments  
Marketable securities and investment funds  
Loans to third parties  
Credit card receivables  
Other  
1,340  
5,447  
112  
248  
184  
Cash and cash equivalents  
Trade receivables  
9,039  
2,667  
Other assets  
Receivables from subsidiaries  
276  
Receivables from companies in which  
an investment is held  
219  
1,334  
97  
Collateral assets  
Other  
1,108  
Total  
9,258  
86,363  
5,910  
31  
4,341  
lIAbIlIꢁIꢀS  
Financial liabilities  
Bonds  
44,880  
12,658  
13,572  
4,461  
Liabilities to banks  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Commercial paper  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Derivative instruments  
Cash flow hedges  
16,855  
190  
571  
329  
Fair value hedges  
Other derivative instruments  
Other  
1,132  
9,731  
Trade payables  
Other liabilities  
Payables to subsidiaries  
129  
Payables to other companies in which  
an investment is held  
744  
Other  
5,949  
Total  
110,111  
1,090  
*
The carrying amounts of cash flow hedges and fair value hedges are categorised as held for trading for the sake of clarity. Receivables from sales financing are shown including finance leases.  
1
70  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The following table shows the fair values and carrying  
amounts of financial assets and liabilities that are  
measured at cost or amortised cost and whose carrying  
amounts differ from their fair value. For some balance  
sheet items, fair value corresponds to the carrying  
amount due to their short maturity.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
3
1.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Other Disclosures  
in € million  
Fair value  
Carrying amount  
Fair value  
Carrying amount  
Receivables from sales financing  
Bonds  
90,445  
53,831  
17,443  
14,374  
13,277  
86,783  
53,346  
17,335  
14,359  
13,196  
83,853  
45,566  
17,005  
13,588  
12,724  
80,434  
44,880  
16,855  
13,572  
12,658  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Liabilities to banks  
At 31 December 2018 the financial assets and liabil  
ities measured at fair value according to IFRS 9 are  
-
classified as follows in the measurement levels in  
accordance with IFRS 13.  
3
1.12. 2018  
Level hierarchy in accordance with IFRS 13  
in € million  
Level 1  
Level 2  
Level 3  
Marketable securities, investment funds and collateral assets  
Other investments  
4,641  
164  
265  
Cash equivalents  
885  
Loans to third parties  
3
Derivative instruments (assets)  
Interest rate risks  
1,069  
713  
191  
4
Currency risks  
Raw material market price risks  
Other risks  
Derivative instruments (liabilities)  
Interest rate risks  
923  
409  
343  
Currency risks  
Raw materials market price risks  
The classification of financial assets and liabili-  
ties measured at fair value according to IAS 39 to  
measurement levels in accordance with IFRS 13 at  
31 December 2017 was as follows:  
3
1.12. 2017  
Level hierarchy in accordance with IFRS 13  
in € million  
Level 1  
Level 2  
Level 3  
Marketable securities, investment funds and collateral assets – available-for-sale  
5,544  
284  
105  
Other investments – available-for-sale / fair value option  
Cash equivalents  
Loans to third parties  
2
Derivative instruments (assets)  
Interest rate risks  
1,797  
2,008  
534  
2
Currency risks  
Raw material market price risks  
Other risks  
Derivative instruments (liabilities)  
Interest rate risks  
778  
221  
91  
Currency risks  
Raw materials market price risks  
1
71  
The allocation to measurement levels at 31 Decem-  
ber 2018 takes account of the reclassifications of  
financial instruments made in conjunction with the  
cash flow method was used, taking account of the  
BMW Group’s own credit risk; for this reason, the fair  
values calculated can be allocated to Level 2. Finan-  
first-time application of IFRS 9 see note  
7
. There  
see  
note 7  
cial instruments recognised at fair value for which  
no market price is available are allocated to Level 3.  
Fair values are determined in accordance with the  
following table:  
were no reclassifications within the level hierarchy  
either in the financial year 2017 or in the financial  
year 2018.  
Where the fair value was required for a financial  
instrument for disclosure purposes, the discounted  
Fair value  
in € million  
31.12.2018  
Valuation method  
Input Parameter  
Unquoted equity instruments  
265  
Last financing round  
Price per share  
Milestone analysis (quantitative and  
qualitative factors)  
Company performance  
Contractual rights by share class  
Convertible bonds  
3
4
Income-based approach  
Expected Company performance  
Risk adequate discounted  
interest rate  
Options on unquoted equity instruments  
Last financing round  
Price per share  
Milestone analysis (quantitative and  
qualitative factors)  
Company performance  
Contractual rights by share class  
Exercise price  
Consideration of exercise price  
Level 3 financial assets relate mainly to investments in  
a venture capital fund. The private equity companies  
are valued on the basis of their net asset value which  
is determined using relevant information that is not  
available in the public domain. The fund manager  
assesses the underlying individual companies in  
accordance with the guidelines for international  
private equity and venture capital valuations (IPEV).  
An increase in input parameters would normally also  
lead to a similar increase in valuation.  
1
72  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
The balance sheet carrying amount of Level 3 financial  
instruments developed as follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Options on  
unquoted equity  
instruments  
Other Disclosures  
Unquoted equity  
instruments Convertible bonds  
Financial Instru-  
ments Level 3  
in € million  
1
January 2018*  
111  
103  
– 4  
2
3
2
2
4
115  
106  
– 6  
Additions  
Disposals  
– 2  
Gains (+) / losses (–) recognised in accumulated other equity  
Gains (+) / losses (–) recognised in the income statement  
Currency translation differences  
45  
47  
10  
10  
3
1 December 2018  
265  
3
272  
*
Opening balance adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 9.  
Options on  
unquoted equity  
instruments  
Unquoted equity  
Financial Instru-  
ments Level 3  
in € million  
instruments Convertible bonds  
1
January 2017  
103  
2
2
105  
Additions  
Disposals  
Gains (+) / losses (–) recognised in accumulated other equity  
Gains (+) / losses (–) recognised in the income statement  
Currency translation differences  
8
8
3
3
– 6  
105  
–1  
2
– 7  
109  
3
1 December 2017  
ꢄffsetting of financial instruments  
payables relating to derivative financial instruments  
are not netted due to non-fulfilment of the stipulated  
criteria. Offsetting would have the following impact  
on the carrying amounts of derivatives:  
Derivative financial instruments of the BMW Group  
are subject to legally enforceable master netting agree-  
ments or similar contracts. However, receivables and  
3
1.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Reported on Reported on equity  
assets side and liabilities side  
Reported on Reported on equity  
assets side and liabilities side  
in € million  
Balance sheet amounts as reported  
1,977  
– 913  
1,064  
1,675  
– 913  
762  
4,341  
– 835  
3,506  
1,090  
– 835  
255  
Gross amount of derivatives which can be offset in case of insolvency  
Net amount after offsetting  
1
73  
Gains and losses on financial instruments  
The following table shows the net gains and losses  
arising on financial instruments in the financial year  
2
018 pursuant to IFRS 9:  
in € million  
2018  
Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss  
Financial assets measured at amortised cost  
–150  
203  
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost  
155  
Interest income from financial assets measured at  
amortised cost relates mainly to interest income from  
loan financing which is reported as revenues. Interest  
income and interest expense from financial assets  
at fair value through other comprehensive income  
amounted to €ꢀ58 million and €ꢀ47 million respectively.  
Interest expenses from financial liabilities measured  
at amortised cost amounted to €ꢀ1.8 billion.  
The following table shows the net gains and losses  
arising on financial instruments in the financial year  
2017 pursuant to IAS 39:  
in € million  
2017  
Held for trading  
Gains / losses from the use of derivative instruments  
Fair value option  
961  
3
Gains / losses on investments measured at fair value through profit and loss  
Available-for-sale  
Gains and losses on sale and fair value measurement of marketable securities held for sale  
(
including investments in subsidiaries and participations measured at cost)  
48  
14  
Net income from participations and investments in subsidiaries  
Accumulated other equity  
Balance at 1 January  
52  
41  
Total change during the year  
thereof recognised in the income statement during the period under report  
Balance at 31 December  
– 44  
93  
Loans and receivables  
Impairment losses / reversals of impairment losses  
Other income / expenses  
–162  
– 94  
Other liabilities  
Income / expenses  
162  
ꢃredit risk  
Notwithstanding the existence of collateral accepted,  
the carrying amount of financial assets (with the  
exception of derivative financial instruments) generally  
represents the maximum credit risk. In addition, the  
credit risk is increased by additional unutilised loan  
commitments for credit card business and dealership  
financing. Total credit risk in these two lines of business  
amounts to €ꢀ1,148 million (2017: €ꢀ1,217 million) and  
€ꢀ29,403 million (2017: €ꢀ27,953 million) respectively.  
The BMW Group is exposed to counterparty credit  
risks if contractual partners, for example a retail  
customer or a dealership, are unable or only partially  
able to meet their contractual obligations. Information  
on the management of credit risk for receivables  
from financial services is provided in the Combined  
Management Report (see section Report on Outlook,  
Risks and Opportunities).  
1
74  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
In the case of all relationships underlying non-deriva-  
tive financial instruments, in order to minimise the  
credit risk and depending on the nature and amount  
of exposure, collateral is required, credit information  
and references obtained or historical data based on the  
existing business relationship, in particular payment  
behaviour, reviewed.  
The credit risk on trade receivables is assessed main-  
ly on the basis of information relating to overdue  
amounts. The gross carrying amounts of these receiv-  
ables are allocated at 31 December 2018 in accordance  
with IFRS 9 to overdue ranges used for management  
purposes as follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
In the case of trade receivables, customers are regularly  
assessed with regard to their credit risk. Depending  
on contractual status, necessary measures, such as  
dunning procedures, are initiated in good time.  
Not overdue  
2,066  
375  
34  
1
3
6
– 30 days overdue  
1 – 60 days overdue  
1 – 90 days overdue  
29  
The credit risk relating to cash deposits and derivative  
financial instruments is minimised by the fact that the  
Group only enters into such contracts with parties of  
first-class credit standing.  
More than 90 days overdue  
96  
Total  
2,600  
Within the financial services business, items financed  
for retail customers and dealerships (such as vehicles,  
facilities and property) serve as first-ranking collateral  
with a recoverable value. Security is also put up by  
customers in the form of collateral asset pledges, asset  
assignment and first-ranking mortgages, supplemented  
where appropriate by warranties and guarantees.  
Items previously held as collateral that are subsequently  
acquired relate mainly to vehicles. These assets can  
usually be converted into cash at short notice through  
the dealership organisation. Creditworthiness testing  
is an important aspect of the BMW Group’s credit  
risk management. Every borrower’s creditworthiness  
is tested for all credit financing and lease contracts  
entered into by the BMW Group. In the case of retail  
customer financing, creditworthiness is assessed  
using validated scoring systems integrated into the  
acquisition process. In the area of dealership financing,  
creditworthiness is assessed by means of ongoing  
credit monitoring and an internal rating system that  
takes account not only of the material credit standing  
of the borrower, but also of qualitative factors such as  
past reliability in business relations.  
At 31 December 2017 trade receivables existed that  
were overdue but for which no impairment allowance  
was recognised in accordance with IAS 39. The over-  
due amounts can be grouped in the following ranges:  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
1
3
6
9
– 30 days overdue  
1 – 60 days overdue  
1 – 90 days overdue  
1 – 120 days overdue  
187  
43  
19  
25  
More than 120 days overdue  
75  
Balance at 31 December  
349  
Receivables from financial services (including credit  
card business receivables) are allocated to internally  
defined rating categories based on credit risk. The  
related gross carrying amounts in accordance with  
IFRS 9 were allocated at 31 December 2018 as follows:  
Stage 1  
Stage 2  
Stage 3  
Expected  
in € million  
General  
Simplified  
Total  
credit loss  
Gross carrying amount of financial assets  
with good credit ratings  
79,597  
4,382  
751  
420  
52  
80,768  
5,493  
269  
189  
Gross carrying amount of financial assets  
with medium credit ratings  
1,059  
Gross carrying amount of financial assets  
with poor credit ratings  
187  
605  
37  
987  
1,816  
592  
Total  
84,166  
2,415  
509  
987  
88,077  
1,050  
1
75  
Further disclosures relating to credit risk – in particu-  
lar with regard to the amounts of impairment losses  
recognised – are provided in the explanatory notes  
Liquidity risk  
The following table shows the maturity structure of  
expected contractual cash flows (undiscounted) for  
financial liabilities:  
to the relevant categories of receivables in notes 25  
6 and 30.  
,
see  
notes 25,  
6 and 30  
2
2
3
1.12. 2018  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
10,789  
6,942  
9,848  
11,010  
9,669  
2,478  
976  
34,196  
11,710  
3,804  
3,368  
11,546  
56,531  
18,652  
14,552  
14,485  
9,669  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities to banks  
900  
107  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Trade payables  
Commercial paper  
2,478  
Derivative instruments  
Other financial liabilities  
Total  
1,180  
318  
81  
2,237  
20  
454  
13,088  
792  
51,732  
54,576  
119,396  
3
1.12. 2017  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity between  
one and five years  
Maturity later  
than five years  
in € million  
Total  
Bonds  
11,735  
7,087  
9,546  
10,225  
9,731  
4,463  
466  
27,201  
10,901  
3,656  
3,418  
8,285  
47,221  
17,988  
13,973  
13,773  
9,731  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
Liabilities to banks  
771  
130  
Liabilities from customer deposits (banking)  
Trade payables  
Commercial paper  
4,463  
Derivative instruments  
Other financial liabilities  
Total  
637  
111  
451  
9,748  
1,214  
110  
191  
752  
53,363  
46,004  
109,115  
The cash flows from non-derivative liabilities comprise  
principal repayments and the related interest. The  
amounts disclosed for derivative instruments com-  
prise only cash flows relating to derivatives that have  
a negative fair value at the balance sheet date. At  
As a further reduction of risk, a syndicated credit line  
totalling €ꢀ billion (2017: €ꢀ billion) from a consortium  
of international banks is available to the BMW Group.  
Intragroup cash flow fluctuations are balanced out by  
the use of daily cash pooling arrangements.  
8
8
3
1
December 2018 credit commitments to dealerships  
which had not been called upon at the end of the  
reporting period amounted to €ꢀ 010 million (2017:  
8,812 million).  
Further information is provided in the “Results of  
Operations, Financial Position and Net Assets” section  
and in the “Risks and Opportunities” section of the  
Combined Management Report.  
9
,
Solvency is assured at all times by managing and  
monitoring the liquidity situation on the basis of  
a rolling cash flow forecast. The resulting funding  
requirements are covered by a variety of instruments  
placed on the world’s financial markets, with the aim  
to minimise risk by matching maturities with financ-  
ing requirements and in alignment with a dynamic  
target debt structure.  
1
76  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Market risks  
of probability distributions. Volatilities and correla-  
tions serve as the main input factors to determine the  
relevant probability distributions.  
The principal market risks to which the BMW Group  
is exposed are currency risk, interest rate risk and raw  
materials price risk.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
The potential negative impact on earnings is calcu-  
lated at the reporting date for each currency for the  
following financial year on the basis of current market  
prices and exposures with a confidence level of 95%.  
The risk mitigating effect of correlations between the  
various currencies is taken into account when the  
risks are aggregated.  
Protection against such risks is provided in the first  
instance though natural hedging which arises when  
the values or cash flows of non-derivative financial  
instruments have matching maturities and amounts  
(
netting). Derivative financial instruments are used  
to reduce the risk remaining after netting.  
Currency, interest rate and raw materials price risks  
of the BMW Group are managed at a corporate level.  
The following table shows the potential negative  
impact for the BMW Group for the following year  
resulting from unfavourable changes in exchange  
rates, measured on the basis of the cash-flow-at-risk  
approach.  
Further information is provided in the “Report on  
outlook, risks and opportunities” section of the Com-  
bined Management Report.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
ꢃurrency risks  
As an enterprise with worldwide operations, the  
BMW Group conducts business in a variety of cur-  
rencies, from which currency risks arise. In order to  
hedge currency risks, the BMW Group holds, as at  
Cash flow at risk  
431  
581  
*
Prior year figure adjusted, due to the fact that entire currency risk is considered, not just of  
the significant currencies.  
31 December 2018, derivative financial instruments  
mostly in the form of forward currency contracts and  
currency swaps.  
Interest rate risk  
Interest rate risks arise when funds are borrowed and  
invested with differing fixed-rate periods or differing  
terms. At the BMW Group, all items subject to, or  
bearing, interest are exposed to interest rate risk and  
can therefore affect both the assets and liabilities side  
of the balance sheet.  
As part of the implementation of the risk management  
strategy, the extent to which risk exposures should  
be hedged is decided at regular intervals and the  
corresponding hedging ratio defined. The economic  
relationship between the hedged item and the hedging  
instrument is based essentially on the fact that they  
are denominated in the same currency and have the  
same maturities.  
The fair values of the Group’s interest rate portfolios  
were as follows at the end of the reporting period:  
The BMW Group measures currency risk using a  
cash-flow-at-risk model. The analysis of currency  
risk in this model is based on the planned foreign  
currency transactions or “exposures”. At the end of  
the reporting period, the currency exposure – in each  
case for the following year – was as follows:  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
Fair values of interest rate portfolios  
60,356  
60,790  
*
Prior year figure adjusted, due to the fact that entire interest rate risk is shown, not just of  
the significant interest rate portfolios.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
Interest rate risk is managed through the use of inter-  
est rate derivatives. As part of the implementation  
of the risk management strategy, interest rate risks  
are monitored and managed at regular intervals. The  
interest rate contracts used for hedging purposes  
comprise mainly swaps, which, if hedge accounting  
is applied, are accounted for as fair value hedges. The  
economic relationship between the hedged item and  
the hedging instrument is based on the fact that the  
main parameters of the hedged item and the related  
hedging instrument, such as start date, term and  
currency, are the same.  
Currency exposure  
28,407  
29,203  
*
Prior year figure adjusted, due to the fact that entire currency risk is shown, not just of the  
significant currencies.  
This exposure is compared to all hedges that are in  
place. The net cash flow surplus represents an uncov-  
ered risk position. The cash-flow-at-risk approach  
involves showing the impact of potential exchange  
rate fluctuations on operating cash flows on the basis  
1
77  
For selected fixed-interest assets, part of the interest  
rate risk is hedged on a portfolio basis. In this case,  
swaps are used as the hedging instrument. Hedge  
relationships are terminated and redesignated on a  
monthly basis at the end of each reporting period,  
thereby taking account of the constantly changing  
content of each portfolio.  
The starting point for analysing raw materials price  
risk is to identify planned purchases of raw materials  
or components containing raw materials, the so-called  
“exposure”. At each reporting date, the exposure for  
the following financial year amounted to:  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
4,174  
31.12. 2017  
The BMW Group applies a value-at-risk approach  
throughout the Group for internal reporting purposes  
and to manage interest rate risk. This approach is  
based on a historical simulation in which the potential  
future fair value losses of the interest rate portfolios are  
compared across the Group with expected amounts  
on the basis of a holding period of 250 days and a  
confidence level of 99.98%. The risk mitigating effect  
of correlations between the various portfolios is taken  
into account when the risks are aggregated.  
Raw material price exposures  
3,969  
This exposure is compared to all hedges that are in  
place. The net cash flow surplus represents an uncovered  
risk position. The cash-flow-at-risk approach involves  
showing the impact of potential raw materials market  
price fluctuations on operating cash flows on the basis  
of probability distributions. Volatilities and corre-  
lations serve as input factors to assess the relevant  
probability distributions.  
The following table shows for interest-rate-sensitive  
exposures of the BMW Group the potential fair value  
fluctuation compared with the expected value, mea-  
sured on the basis of the value-at-risk approach:  
The potential negative impact on earnings is calculated  
at the reporting date for each raw materials category  
for the following financial year on the basis of current  
market prices and exposure with a confidence level of  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
95%. The risk mitigating effect of correlations between  
the various categories of raw materials is taken into  
account when the risks are aggregated.  
Value at risk  
1,123  
1,180  
*
Prior year figure adjusted due to the fact that the entire interest rate risk is considered, not just  
the significant interest rate portfolios.  
The following table shows the potential negative impact  
for the BMW Group resulting from fluctuations in  
prices across all categories of raw materials, measured  
on the basis of the cash-flow-at-risk approach. The  
risk at each reporting date for the following financial  
year was as follows:  
Raw materials price risk  
The BMW Group is exposed to market price risks on  
raw materials. In order to hedge these risks, the Group  
mainly used forward commodity contracts. As part of  
the implementation of the risk management strategy,  
the extent to which risk exposures should be hedged  
is decided at regular intervals and the corresponding  
hedging ratio defined.  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
327  
31.12. 2017  
Cash flow at risk  
409  
The economic relationship between the hedged item  
and the hedging instrument is based essentially on  
the fact that they have the same basis and term. The  
BMW Group designates only the commodity price  
index-linked raw material surcharge as a hedged item.  
Other price components contained in the contract are  
not designated as being part of the hedge relationship  
as no effective hedging instruments exist for these  
components.  
1
78  
Average  
hedging rates  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
ꢄiscꢊosures on hedging measures  
Currency risks  
The following disclosures on hedging measures include  
derivatives of fully consolidated companies before  
offset of deferred tax.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
EUR / CNY  
EUR / USD  
EUR / GBP  
EUR / KRW  
EUR / JPY  
8.26  
1.17  
Other Disclosures  
0.79  
The nominal amounts of hedging instruments at  
1,288.91  
125.29  
3
1 December 2018 were as follows:  
Maturity  
between one  
and five years than five years  
Maturity within  
one year  
Maturity later  
Average  
hedging rates  
in € million  
Raw material price risks  
Currency risks  
17,159  
4,619  
1,526  
9,097  
24,295  
2,109  
12,027  
32  
Aluminium (EUR/t)  
Lead (EUR/t)  
1,797  
1,784  
5,279  
745  
Interest rate risks  
Raw material price risks  
Copper (EUR/t)  
Palladium (EUR/oz)  
Platinum (EUR/oz)  
Nominal amounts of  
hedging intruments  
23,304  
35,501  
12,059  
945  
The average hedging rates of hedging instruments  
used by the BMW Group at 31 December 2018 were  
as follows:  
The following table provides information on the nominal  
amounts, carrying amounts and fair value changes of  
contracts designated as hedging instruments:  
Fair Values  
Change in fair value  
of designated  
in € million  
Nominal amounts  
Assets  
Liabilities  
components  
Cash Flow Hedges  
Currency risks  
26,256  
3,667  
651  
189  
363  
334  
121  
Raw material price risks  
Fair Value Hedges  
Interest rate risks  
– 453  
52,580  
654  
556  
27  
The following table summarises key information on  
hedged items for each risk category and shows the  
balances of designated components within accumu-  
lated other equity:  
Fair Values  
Balances in accumulated other equity  
Continuing hedge Terminated hedge  
Change in value  
of hedged items  
in € million  
Assets  
Liabilities  
relationships  
relationships  
Cash Flow Hedges  
Currency risks  
–119  
453  
941  
–1  
Raw material price risks  
Fair Value Hedges  
Interest rate risks  
– 262  
8,930  
49,846  
– 33  
The accumulated amount of hedge-related fair value  
adjustments is €ꢀ15 million for assets and €ꢀ243 million  
for liabilities.  
1
79  
Hedge relationships give rise to following effects:  
Change of  
designated com-  
ponents in other  
comprehensive  
income  
Costs of  
hedging in other  
comprehensive  
Hedge  
ineffectiveness  
recognised in  
in € million  
income income statement  
Cash Flow Hedges  
Currency risks  
– 931  
– 497  
– 614  
12  
Raw material price risks  
Fair Value Hedges  
Interest rate risks  
–19  
– 6  
Designated components and costs of hedging within  
accumulated other equity changed as follows:  
Currency risks  
Designated  
Interest rate risk  
Raw materials price risk  
Designated  
Costs  
Costs  
Costs  
in € million  
component  
of hedging  
of hedging  
component  
of hedging  
Opening balance at 1 January 2018  
Change in fair value during the reporting period  
Reclassification to profit or loss  
1,875  
120  
6
235  
– 966  
– 20  
– 453  
14  
for continuing hedge relationships  
– 987  
– 68  
319  
33  
1
7
for terminated hedge relationships  
Reclassification to acquisition costs for inventories  
Closing balance at 31 December 2018  
– 51  
– 262  
– 2  
12  
940  
– 614  
–13  
Changes in fair value include additional effects from  
the application of the modified closing rate method.  
The following section shows disclosures relevant for  
hedging instruments used in the financial year 2017  
in accordance with IAS 39.  
1
80  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
ꢃash flow hedges  
The impact of cash flow hedges on accumulated other  
equity was as follows:  
denominated in a foreign currency over the coming  
32 months. It was expected that €ꢀ336 million of net  
gains, recognised in equity at 31 December 2017,  
would be reclassified to profit and loss in the financial  
year 2018.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
in € million  
2017  
Furthermore, the BMW Group held no derivative  
financial instruments at 31 December 2017 which  
were designated as cash flow hedges to hedge against  
interest rate risks.  
Balance at 1 January  
78  
1,437  
–103  
Total changes during the year  
thereof reclassified to the income statement  
Balance at 31 December  
1,515  
At 31 December 2017, the BMW Group held derivative  
financial instruments, mainly commodity swaps, with  
terms of up to 46 months to hedge raw materials price  
risks. It was expected that €ꢀ55 million of net gains,  
recognised in equity at 31 December 2017 would be  
No effects were recognised in financial result in the  
financial year 2017 in connection with forecasting  
errors and resulting overhedging. Gains due to the  
ineffective portion of cash flow hedges amounting  
to €ꢀ17 million were recognised in financial result.  
No effects were recognised in financial result in the  
financial year 2017 in connection with forecasting  
errors relating to cash flow hedges for commodities.  
Losses attributable to the ineffective portion of cash  
reclassified to profit and loss in the financial year 2018  
.
ꢅair vaꢊue hedges  
The following table shows gains and losses from fair  
value hedge relationships on hedging instruments and  
hedged items in the financial year 2017:  
flow hedges amounting to €ꢀ1 million were recognised  
in financial result.  
in € million  
31.12. 2017  
At 31 December 2017, the BMW Group held deriva  
-
Gains / losses on hedging instruments designated as  
tive financial instruments (mainly forward currency  
contracts) in order to hedge currency risks attached  
to future or existing transactions. These derivative  
instruments were intended to hedge forecast sales  
part of a fair value hedge relationship  
– 335  
328  
– 7  
Gains / losses from hedged items  
Ineffectiveness of fair value hedges  
4
0
Related party relationships  
Transactions of Group entities with related parties  
were carried out without exception in the normal  
course of business of each of the parties concerned  
and at market conditions.  
A significant proportion of the BMW Group’s transac-  
tions with related parties relates to the joint venture  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
Supplies and services  
performed  
Supplies and services  
received  
Receivables  
at 31 December  
Payables  
at 31 December  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
772  
2017  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
7,691  
5,946  
99  
63  
1,829  
1,333  
739  
Business relationships of the BMW Group with other  
associated companies and joint ventures as well as  
with non-consolidated subsidiaries are small in scale.  
its subsidiaries, performed logistic-related services for  
the BMW Group during the financial year 2018. In  
addition, the companies acquired vehicles from the  
BMW Group, mainly by way of leasing.  
Stefan Quandt, Germany, is a shareholder and Deputy  
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of BMW AG.  
He is also the sole shareholder and Chairman of  
the Supervisory Board of DELTON Health AG,  
Bad Homburg v.ꢀd.ꢀH., as well as sole shareholder of  
DELTON Logistics S.à r.ꢀl., Grevenmacher, which, via  
Stefan Quandt, Germany, is also the indirect major-  
ity shareholder of SOLARWATT GmbH, Dresden.  
Cooperation arrangements are in place between  
BMW Group and SOLARWATT GmbH, Dresden,  
within the field of electric mobility. The focus of this  
1
81  
cooperation is on the provision of complete photo-  
voltaic solutions for rooftop systems and carports  
to BMWi customers. In 2018, SOLARWATT GmbH,  
Dresden, acquired vehicles from the BMW Group by  
way of leasing.  
the BMW Group bought in services from Unter-  
nehmerTUM GmbH, Garching, mainly in the form  
of consultancy and workshop services.  
In addition, Susanne Klatten, Germany, and Stefan  
Quandt, Germany, are indirectly sole shareholders of  
Entrust Datacard Corp., Shakopee, Minnesota. Stefan  
Quandt is also a member of the supervisory board of  
this entity. In 2018, Entrust Datacard Corp., Shakopee,  
Minnesota, acquired vehicles from the BMW Group  
by way of leasing.  
Susanne Klatten, Germany, is a shareholder and  
member of the Supervisory Board of BMWAG and  
also a shareholder and Deputy Chairwoman of the  
Supervisory Board of ALTANA AG, Wesel. In 2018  
,
ALTANA AG, Wesel, acquired vehicles from the  
BMW Group, mainly by way of leasing.  
Seen from the perspective of BMW Group entities,  
the volume of transactions with the above-mentioned  
entities was as follows:  
Susanne Klatten, Germany, is also the sole share-  
holder and Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board  
of UnternehmerTUM GmbH, Garching. In 2018,  
Supplies and services  
performed  
Supplies and services  
received  
Receivables  
at 31 December  
Payables  
at 31 December  
in € thousand  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
2018  
2017  
DELTON Health AG (formerly DELTON AG)  
DELTON Logistics S.à r.l.  
SOLARWATT GmbH  
3,536  
3,393  
23,386  
29,816  
34  
94  
4,464  
1
2,235  
22  
36  
1
5
5
ALTANA AG  
2,322  
58  
2,421  
27  
341  
1,527  
296  
1,435  
401  
360  
36  
255  
UnternehmerTUM GmbH  
Entrust Datacard Corp.  
367  
103  
106  
2
5
Apart from vehicle leasing and financing contracts  
at usual conditions, companies of the BMW Group  
concluded no further transactions with members of  
the Board of Management or Supervisory Board of  
BMWAG. This also applies to close members of the  
families of those persons.  
BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich, administers assets on a  
trustee basis to secure obligations relating to pen-  
sions in Germany and is therefore a related party  
of the BMW Group in accordance with IAS 24. This  
entity has no assets of its own. It had no income or  
expenses during the period under report. BMWAG  
bears expenses on an immaterial scale and performs  
services for BMW Trust e.ꢀV., Munich.  
For disclosures relating to key management personnel,  
please see note 43 and the Compensation Report.  
see  
note 43  
1
82  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
41  
The share-based remuneration component is measured  
at its fair value at each balance sheet date between  
grant and settlement date, and on the settlement date.  
The amounts are recognised as personnel expense  
on a straight-line basis over the vesting period and  
reported in the balance sheet as a provision.  
Share-based remuneration  
The BMW Group provides three share-based pro-  
grammes: the Employee Share Programme for enti-  
tled employees of the BMW Group, a share-based  
remuneration programme for members of the Board  
of Management and a share-based remuneration pro-  
gramme for senior heads of department of BMWAG.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Other Disclosures  
The cash-settlement obligation for the share-based  
remuneration component is measured at its fair value at  
the balance sheet date (based on the closing price of  
BMWAG common stock in Xetra trading at 31 Decem-  
ber 2018).  
As part of the Employee Share Programme, non-voting  
shares of preferred stock in BMWAG were granted in  
2
018 to qualifying employees at favourable conditions  
(
see note 31 for the number and price of issued  
see  
note 31  
shares). The holding period for these shares is up  
to 31 December 2021. In the financial year 2018,  
the BMW Group recorded a personnel expense of  
The total carrying amount of the provision for the  
share-based remuneration component of current  
and former Board of Management members and  
senior heads of department at 31 December 2018 was  
€ꢀ4,745,518 (2017: €ꢀ6,301,785).  
€ꢀ10 million (2017: €ꢀ10 million) for the Employee Share  
Programme, corresponding to the difference between  
the market price and the reduced price of the shares  
of preferred stock purchased by employees. The Board  
of Management reserves the right to decide anew each  
year with respect to an Employee Share Programme.  
The total expense recognised in 2018 for the share-  
based remuneration component of current and former  
Board of Management members and senior heads of  
department was €ꢀ609,890 (2017: €ꢀ1,642,936).  
For financial years beginning after  
1 January 2011,  
BMW AG has added a share-based remuneration  
component to the existing compensation system for  
Board of Management members. This compensation  
component was revised for financial years from 2018  
onwards.  
The fair value of the programmes for Board of Man-  
agement members and senior heads of department  
at the date of grant of the share-based remuneration  
components was €ꢀ  
1
,
919  
,
680  
(
2017: €ꢀ  
2
,
311  
,946), based  
on a total of 22 245 shares (2017  
,
:
25,  
694 shares) of  
BMW AG common stock or a corresponding cash-  
based settlement measured at the relevant market  
share price prevailing on the grant date.  
Members of the Board of Management continue to  
receive a cash compensation for the specific purpose  
of investment after tax and contributions in BMWAG  
common stock. For financial years from 2018 onwards,  
the investment component corresponds to 45% of the  
gross bonus. Shares of common stock purchased in  
this way by Board members are required to be held for  
a period of four years. At the end of the holding period,  
Board members receive from BMWAG, for every three  
shares of common stock held, either one additional  
share of common stock or the cash equivalent, to be  
decided at BMWAG’s discretion. In the event of death  
or invalidity, special rules apply for early payment  
of share-based remuneration components based on  
the target amounts. Insofar the service contract is  
prematurely terminated and the Company has an  
extraordinary right of termination, or if the Board  
member resigns without the Company’s agreement,  
entitlements to amounts as yet unpaid relating to  
share-based remuneration are forfeited. With effect  
from the financial year 2012, qualifying senior heads  
of department are also entitled to select a share-based  
remuneration component, which is largely comparable  
to the share-based remuneration arrangements for  
Board of Management members.  
Further details on the remuneration of the Board  
of Management are provided in the Compensation  
Report for the financial year 2018.  
42  
Declaration with respect to the Corporate  
Governance Code  
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board  
of Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft have  
issued the prescribed Declaration of Compliance pur-  
suant to §161 of the German Stock Corporation Act.  
It is reproduced in the Annual Report 2018 of the  
BMW Group and is also available to shareholders on  
the BMW Group website at  
www.bmwgroup.com.  
1
83  
4
3
the Supervisory Board of BMWAG or its subsidiaries,  
nor were any contingent liabilities entered into on  
their behalf.  
Compensation of members of the Board of  
Management and Supervisory Board  
The total compensation of the current members of  
the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board  
of BMWAG expensed for the financial year 2018 in  
accordance with IFRS comprised the following:  
Further details about the remuneration of current  
members of the Board of Management and the  
Supervisory Board can be found in the Compensation  
Report, which is part of the Combined Management  
Report.  
in € million  
2018  
2017  
Compensation to members of the  
Board of Management  
28.8  
8.2  
40.2  
7.7  
31.7  
4
4
Fixed remuneration  
Events after the end of the reporting period  
No events have occurred since the end of the financial  
year which could have a major impact on the results  
of operations, financial position and net assets of  
BMWAG and the BMW Group.  
Variable remuneration  
20.3  
5.3  
thereof Performance Cash Plan  
Share-based remuneration component  
0.3  
0.8  
Allocation to pension provisions  
3.4  
3.9  
3.1  
0.9  
Benefits in conjunction with the  
termination of board activity  
Compensation to members of the  
Supervisory Board  
5.6  
2.0  
5.6  
2.0  
Fixed compensation and attendance fees  
Variable compensation  
3.6  
3.6  
Total expense  
41.7  
49.8  
thereof due within one year  
30.7  
45.9  
With effect from the financial year 2018, variable cash  
compensation includes a multi-year and future-oriented  
Performance Cash Plan.  
The total remuneration of former members of the  
Board of Management and their dependants amounted  
to €ꢀ9.2 million (2017: €ꢀ6.7 million).  
Pension obligations to current members of the Board  
of Management are covered by provisions amounting  
to €ꢀ19.7 million (2017: €ꢀ22.0 million), determined  
in accordance with IAS 19. Pension obligations to  
former members of the Board of Management and  
their surviving dependants, also determined in  
accordance with IAS 19, amounted to €ꢀ91.0 million  
2017: €ꢀ90.1 million).  
(
The compensation arrangements applicable for  
members of the Supervisory Board for the financial  
year 2018 do not include any stock options, value  
appreciation rights comparable to stock options or  
any other stock-based compensation components.  
Apart from vehicle lease and financing contracts at  
customary conditions, no advances or loans were  
granted to members of the Board of Management and  
1
84  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
SEGMENT INFORMATION  
Automobile leasing, fleet business, multi-brand  
business, retail and dealership financing, customer  
deposit business and insurance activities are the main  
activities allocated to the Financial Services segment.  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Segment Information  
Holding and Group financing companies are reported in  
the Other Entities segment. This segment also includes  
4
5
Explanatory notes to segment information  
Information on reportaꢇꢊe segments  
the operating companies BMW (UK) Investments Ltd.  
and Bavaria Lloyd Reisebüro GmbH, which are not  
allocated to one of the other segments.  
For the purposes of presenting segment information,  
the activities of the BMW Group are divided into oper-  
ating segments in accordance with IFRS 8 (Operating  
Segments). The segmentation follows the internal  
management and reporting system and takes account  
of the organisational structure of the BMW Group  
based on the various products and services of the  
reportable segments.  
Internaꢊ management and reporting  
Segment information is prepared as a general rule  
in conformity with the accounting policies adopted  
for preparing and presenting the Group Financial  
Statements. Exceptions to this general principle are  
the treatment of inter-segment guarantees, the earn-  
ings impact of which is allocated to the Automotive  
and Financial Services segments on the basis used  
internally to manage the business, and cross-segment  
receivables and investments in subsidiaries for which  
no impairment losses have been recognised. A further  
exception is the treatment of intragroup buyback  
arrangements between the Automotive and Financial  
Services segments. Inter-segment receivables and  
payables, provisions, income, expenses and profits  
are eliminated upon consolidation. Inter-segment  
revenues are based on market prices. Centralised  
functions are included in the segments concerned.  
Expenses for centralised administrative functions  
allocated to the Financial Services segment are not  
settled in cash.  
The activities of the BMW Group are broken down  
into the operating segments Automotive, Motorcycles,  
Financial Services and Other Entities.  
Within the Automotive segment the BMW Group devel-  
ops, manufactures, assembles and sells automobiles  
and off-road vehicles, under the brands BMW, MINI  
and Rolls-Royce as well as spare parts, accessories  
and mobility services. BMW and MINI brand products  
are sold in Germany through branches of BMWAG  
and by independent, authorised dealerships. Sales  
outside Germany are handled mainly by subsidiary  
companies and by independent import companies in  
some markets. Rolls-Royce brand vehicles are sold in  
the USA as well as in China, Korea, Italy and Russia via  
subsidiary companies and elsewhere by independent,  
authorised dealerships.  
The role of “chief operating decision maker” with  
respect to resource allocation and performance  
assessment of the reportable segment is embodied  
in the full Board of Management. For this purpose,  
different measures of segment performance as well as  
segment assets are taken into account in the operating  
segments.  
Activities relating to the development, manufacture,  
assembly and sale of motorcycles as well as spare  
parts and accessories are reported in the Motorcycles  
segment.  
1
85  
The Automotive and Motorcycles segments are  
managed on the basis of return on capital employed  
(
RoCE). The relevant measure of segment results used  
is therefore profit before financial result. Capital  
employed is the corresponding measure of segment  
assets used to determine how to allocate resources  
and comprises all current and non-current operational  
assets after deduction of liabilities used operationally  
which are not subject to interest (e.ꢀg. trade payables).  
The success of the Financial Services segment is mea-  
sured on the basis of return on equity (RoE). Profit  
before tax therefore represents the relevant measure  
of segment earnings. The measure of segment assets  
in the Financial Services segment corresponds to net  
assets, defined as total assets less total liabilities.  
The success of the Other Entities segment is assessed  
on the basis of profit or loss before tax. The corre-  
sponding measure of segment assets used to manage  
the Other Entities segment is total assets less asset-  
side income tax items and intragroup investments.  
1
86  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Segment information by operating segment is as  
follows:  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Automotive  
2018  
Motorcycles  
2018  
Financial Services  
2018 2017  
Segment Information  
in € million  
2017*  
2017*  
SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ IꢃꢅꢆꢈMAꢁIꢆꢃ  
by ꢆꢋꢀꢈAꢁIꢃG SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ  
External revenues  
Inter-segment revenues  
Total revenues  
68,947  
70,152  
15,590  
85,742  
2,176  
2,270  
2
26,355  
1,810  
25,857  
1,710  
16,899  
85,846  
– 3  
2,173  
2,272  
28,165  
27,567  
Segment result  
6,182  
632  
7,888  
739  
175  
207  
2,161  
2,207  
Result from equity accounted investments  
Capital expenditure on non-current assets  
Depreciation and amortisation on non-current assets  
7,853  
4,982  
6,972  
4,699  
147  
97  
125  
88  
24,608  
9,962  
25,024  
9,992  
Automotive  
Motorcycles  
Financial Services  
31.12. 2018 31.12. 2017  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
Segment assets  
13,836  
2,624  
11,223  
2,769  
618  
618  
14,919  
14,740  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
1
87  
Other Entities  
Reconciliation to Group figures  
Group  
2018  
2
018  
2017  
2018  
2017*  
2017*  
SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ IꢃꢅꢆꢈMAꢁIꢆꢃ  
by ꢆꢋꢀꢈAꢁIꢃG SꢀGMꢀꢃꢁ  
2
4
6
3
4
7
–18,710  
–18,710  
–17,306  
–17,306  
97,480  
98,282  
External revenues  
Inter-segment revenues  
Total revenues  
97,480  
98,282  
45  
80  
1,342  
293  
9,815  
632  
10,675  
739  
Segment result  
Result from equity accounted investments  
– 6,174  
– 6,600  
– 6,728  
– 6,324  
26,434  
8,441  
25,393  
8,455  
Capital expenditure on non-current assets  
Depreciation and amortisation on non-current assets  
Other Entities  
Reconciliation to Group figures  
Group  
3
1.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
8
4,512  
75,121  
95,095  
93,804  
208,980  
2,624  
195,506  
2,769  
Segment assets  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
1
88  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Write-downs on inventories to their net realisable value  
The total of the segment figures can be reconciled to  
1
1
amounting to €ꢀ54 million (2017: €ꢀ36 millionꢀ ) were Ph ar iso rb ey ee an ra d gj uu sr et ed. the corresponding Group figures as follows:  
recognised by the Automotive segment in the financial  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
year 2018. The reversal of impairment losses increased  
the segment result of the Automotive segment by an  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
Segment Information  
amount of €ꢀ22 million (2017: €ꢀ6 million).  
Reconciliation of segment result  
Total for reportable segments  
8,473  
795  
10,382  
829  
The result of the Financial Services segment was  
negatively impacted by impairment losses totalling  
€ꢀ302 million (2017: €ꢀ215 million) recognised on leased  
products. Income from the reversal of impairment  
losses on leased products amounted to €ꢀ118 million  
Financial result of Automotive segment  
Financial result of Motorcycles segment  
Elimination of inter-segment items  
Group profit before tax  
– 6  
– 2  
553  
– 534  
10,675  
9,815  
(
2017: €ꢀ11 million).  
Reconciliation of capital expenditure  
on non-current assets  
The Other Entities’ segment result includes interest  
and similar income amounting to €ꢀ 178 million (2017:  
1,110 million) and interest and similar expenses  
amounting to €ꢀ1,145 million (2017: €ꢀ986 million).  
Total for reportable segments  
32,608  
– 6,174  
32,121  
– 6,728  
1
,
Elimination of inter-segment items  
Total Group capital expenditure  
on non-current assets  
26,434  
25,393  
The information disclosed for capital expenditure and  
depreciation and amortisation relates to non-current  
property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and  
leased products.  
Reconciliation of depreciation and  
amortisation on non-current assets  
Total for reportable segments  
15,041  
– 6,600  
14,779  
– 6,324  
Elimination of inter-segment items  
Total Group depreciation and  
amortisation on non-current assets  
8,441  
8,455  
in € million  
31.12. 2018  
31.12. 2017*  
Reconciliation of segment assets  
Total for reportable segments  
113,885  
48,639  
101,702  
47,933  
Non-operating assets – Automotive  
Liabilities of Automotive segment  
not subject to interest  
34,643  
45  
34,489  
40  
Non-operating assets – Motorcycles  
Liabilities of Motorcycles segment  
not subject to interest  
613  
572  
Total liabilities –  
Financial Services segment  
131,889  
123,088  
Non-operating assets –  
Other Entities segment  
7,084  
–127,818  
208,980  
7,829  
–120,147  
195,506  
Elimination of inter-segment items  
Total Group assets  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
1
89  
The reconciliation of segment figures to the corre-  
sponding total Group figures shows the elimination  
of inter-segment items. Revenues with other segments  
result mainly from the sale of vehicles, for which the  
Financial Services segment has concluded a financing  
or lease contract. Eliminations of inter-segment items  
in the reconciliation to the Group profit before tax,  
capital expenditure, depreciation and amortization  
mainly result from the sale of vehicles in the Automo-  
tive segment, which are subsequently accounted for  
as leased vehicles in the Financial Services segment.  
In the reconciliation of segment assets to Group assets,  
eliminations relate mainly to intragroup financing  
balances.  
In the information by region, external sales are based  
on the location of the customer. Revenues with major  
customers were not material overall. The information  
disclosed for non-current assets relates to property,  
plant and equipment, intangible assets and leased  
products. Eliminations disclosed for non-current  
assets relate to leased products.  
External revenues  
Non-current assets  
2018  
Information by region  
in € million  
2018  
2017*  
2017*  
Germany  
13,596  
19,008  
16,088  
31,415  
11,071  
3,606  
2,696  
14,299  
18,268  
16,726  
30,925  
11,400  
3,689  
2,975  
34,883  
90  
31,678  
85  
China  
USA  
21,361  
15,526  
1,508  
3,435  
396  
20,766  
14,807  
1,588  
2,941  
355  
Rest of Europe  
Rest of Asia  
Rest of the Americas  
Other regions  
Eliminations  
Group  
– 7,855  
69,344  
– 8,028  
64,192  
97,480  
98,282  
*
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6.  
1
90  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
LIST OF INVESTMENTS AT  
1 DECEMBER 2018  
if they are of “minor significance” for the results of  
operations, financial position and net assets of  
BMWAG pursuant to §286 (3) sentence 1 no.1 HGB  
3
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
and §313 (3) sentence 4 HGB. It is also shown in the list  
which subsidiaries apply the exemptions available in  
264 ) and §264 HGB with regard to the publication  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2018  
§
(3  
b
of annual financial statements and the drawing up of  
a management report andꢀ/ꢀor notes to the financial  
statements (footnotes 5 and 6). The Group Financial  
Statements of BMWAG serve as exempting consoli-  
dated financial statements for these companies.  
4
6
List of investments at 31 December 2018  
The List of Investments of BMWAG pursuant to §285  
and §313 HGB is presented below. Disclosures for  
equity and earnings and for investments are not made  
Affiliated companies (subsidiaries) of BMW AG at 31 December 2018  
76  
Equity  
Profit / loss Capital invest-  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
DꢄMESTIꢃꢆ1  
BMW Beteiligungs GmbH & Co. KG, Munich6  
BMW INTEC Beteiligungs GmbH, Munich3, 6  
BMW Bank GmbH, Munich3  
5,497  
–13  
1
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
3,558  
1,988  
BMW Finanz Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich  
BMW Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich3, 6  
326  
153  
Parkhaus Oberwiesenfeld GmbH, Munich  
Alphabet Fuhrparkmanagement GmbH, Munich4  
Alphabet International GmbH, Munich4, 5, 6  
BMW High Power Charging Beteiligungs GmbH, Munich4, 6  
DriveNow GmbH & Co. KG, Munich11  
BMW Hams Hall Motoren GmbH, Munich4, 5, 6  
BMW Fahrzeugtechnik GmbH, Eisenach3, 5, 6  
BMW Anlagen Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich3, 6  
Bürohaus Petuelring GmbH, Munich  
Bavaria Wirtschaftsagentur GmbH, Munich3, 5, 6  
BAVARIA-LLOYD Reisebüro GmbH, Munich  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars GmbH, Munich4, 5, 6  
BMW Vermögensverwaltungs GmbH, Munich  
BMW Vertriebszentren Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich  
BMW M GmbH Gesellschaft für individuelle Automobile, Munich3, 5, 6  
DriveNow Verwaltungs GmbH, Munich11  
LARGUS Grundstücks-Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH, Munich  
FꢄREIGꢂꢆ2  
Europe12  
BMW Holding B.V., The Hague  
17,761  
7,971  
3,064  
1,889  
1,020  
1,014  
963  
2,106  
58  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW International Holding B.V., Rijswijk10  
BMW Österreich Holding GmbH, Steyr  
BMW (UK) Holdings Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW España Finance S.L., Madrid  
BMW Financial Services (GB) Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Motoren GmbH, Steyr  
838  
385  
22  
269  
176  
55  
BMW (Schweiz) AG, Dielsdorf  
895  
BMW International Investment B.V., The Hague  
BMW (UK) Manufacturing Ltd., Farnborough  
588  
9
561  
105  
1
91  
BMW Finance S.N.C., Guyancourt  
476  
388  
316  
304  
284  
225  
222  
218  
213  
205  
195  
157  
156  
129  
128  
123  
101  
57  
61  
16  
84  
64  
27  
11  
43  
19  
19  
71  
75  
20  
29  
16  
19  
2
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW Italia S.p.A., San Donato Milanese  
BMW Belgium Luxembourg S.A. / N.V., Bornem  
BMW (UK) Ltd., Farnborough  
ALPHABET (GB) Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW France S.A.S., Montigny-le-Bretonneux  
BMW Financial Services Scandinavia AB, Sollentuna  
BMW i Ventures SCS SICAV-RAIF, Senningerberg  
BMW Iberica S.A., Madrid  
BMW Finance N.V., The Hague  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Russland Trading OOO, Moscow  
BMW Austria Leasing GmbH, Salzburg  
Alphabet Nederland B.V., Breda10  
BMW Austria Bank GmbH, Salzburg  
BMW Vertriebs GmbH, Salzburg  
Alphabet Belgium Long Term Rental NV, Aartselaar  
APD Industries plc, Birmingham  
BMW Malta Ltd., Floriana  
Alphabet UK Ltd., Glasgow  
BMW Austria GmbH, Salzburg  
Bavaria Reinsurance Malta Ltd., Floriana  
BMW Finanzdienstleistungen (Schweiz) AG, Dielsdorf  
BMW Bank OOO, Moscow  
BMW Financial Services Belgium S.A. / N.V., Bornem  
BMW Northern Europe AB, Stockholm  
Alphabet España Fleet Management S.A.U., Madrid  
BMW Norge AS, Fornebu  
BMW Financial Services B.V., Rijswijk  
Swindon Pressings Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Services Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Financial Services Polska Sp. z o.o., Warsaw  
Alphabet Italia Fleet Management S.p.A., Rome  
Alphabet Austria Fuhrparkmanagement GmbH, Salzburg  
Alphabet France Fleet Management S.N.C., Rueil-Malmaison  
BMW Retail Nederland B.V., The Hague  
BMW Hellas Trade of Cars A.E., Kifissia  
Alphabet Fuhrparkmanagement (Schweiz) AG, Dielsdorf  
BMW Financial Services (Ireland) DAC, Dublin  
BMW Portugal Lda., Porto Salvo  
BMW Financial Services Denmark A / S, Copenhagen  
BMW Nederland B.V., Rijswijk  
BMW Amsterdam B.V., Amsterdam  
BMW Automotive (Ireland) Ltd., Dublin  
BMW Distribution S.A.S., Vélizy-Villacoublay  
Park Lane Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Renting (Portugal) Lda., Porto Salvo  
Alphabet France S.A.S., Rueil-Malmaison  
Oy BMW Suomi AB, Helsinki  
BMW Services Belgium N.V., Bornem  
BMW Czech Republic s.r.o., Prague11  
BMW Roma S.r.l., Rome  
BMW Danmark A / S, Copenhagen  
BMW Den Haag B.V., The Hague  
1
92  
BMW Madrid S.L., Madrid  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Alphabet Polska Fleet Management Sp. z o.o., Warsaw  
BMW Slovenská republika s.r.o., Bratislava11  
Société Nouvelle WATT Automobiles S.A.R.L., Rueil-Malmaison  
BMW Milano S.r.l., Milan  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2018  
Alphabet Luxembourg S.A., Leudelange  
BMW (UK) Investments Ltd., Farnborough  
DriveNow Sverige AB, Sollentuna11  
DriveNow Austria GmbH, Vienna11  
BMW Coordination Center V.o.F., Bornem  
BiV Carry I SCS, Senningerberg  
BMW (UK) Capital plc, Farnborough  
Riley Motors Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Central Pension Trustees Ltd., Farnborough  
Triumph Motor Company Ltd., Farnborough  
BLMC Ltd., Farnborough  
DriveNow Belgium S.p.r.l., Brussels11  
DriveNow Italy S.r.l., Milan11  
DriveNow UK Ltd., London11  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 4, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 5, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 6, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 7, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment German Auto Loans 8, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment A, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky S.A., Compartment B, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky Europe S.A. Compartment A, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky Europe S.A., Compartment Swiss Auto Leases 2, Luxembourg13  
Bavarian Sky FTC, Compartment French Auto Leases 2, Paris13  
Bavarian Sky FTC, Compartment French Auto Leases 3, Paris13  
Bavarian Sky UK 1 plc, London13  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bavarian Sky UK 2 plc, London13  
0
Bavarian Sky UK A Ltd., London13  
0
Bavarian Sky UK B Ltd., London13  
0
The Americas  
BMW (US) Holding Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Manufacturing Co. LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
Financial Services Vehicle Trust, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Bank of North America Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah  
BMW Canada Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
4,991  
1,817  
1,530  
1,445  
513  
228  
190  
175  
–116  
2,599  
270  
340  
164  
134  
– 35  
85  
– 24  
2,670  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW US Capital LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Financial Services NA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW do Brasil Ltda., Joinville  
BMW of North America LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Financeira S.A. Credito, Financiamento e Investimento, São Paulo  
BMW de Mexico S.A. de C.V., Mexico City  
BMW Financial Services de Mexico S.A. de C.V. SOFOM, Mexico City  
BMW of Manhattan, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW SLP, S.A. de C.V., Villa de Reyes  
BMW de Argentina S.A., Buenos Aires  
BMW Insurance Agency Inc., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Leasing de Mexico S.A. de C.V., Mexico City  
BMW Leasing do Brasil S.A., São Paulo  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars NA LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
1
93  
BMW Consolidation Services Co. LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Acquisitions Ltda., São Paulo  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0
BMW Manufacturing Indústria de Motos da Amazônia Ltda., Manaus  
SB Acquisitions LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Auto Leasing LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Facility Partners LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW FS Securities LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW FS Funding Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Manufacturing LP, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey  
BMW FS Receivables Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Receivables 1 Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW Receivables Ltd. Partnership, Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW Receivables 2 Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW Extended Service Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2016-2, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2017-1, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2017-2, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2018-1, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Vehicle Lease Trust 2017-A, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Vehicle Owner Trust 2016-A, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Vehicle Owner Trust 2018-A, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Floorplan Master Owner Trust Series 2018-1, Wilmington, Delaware13  
BMW Canada 2015-A, Richmond Hill, Ontario13  
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BMW Canada 2018-A, Richmond Hill, Ontario13  
0
BMW Canada Auto Trust 2016, Richmond Hill, Ontario13  
BMW Canada Auto Trust 2017-1, Richmond Hill, Ontario13  
BMW Canada Auto Trust 2018-1, Richmond Hill, Ontario13  
0
0
0
Africa  
BMW (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd., Pretoria  
BMW Financial Services (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
SuperDrive Investments (RF) Ltd., Cape Town13  
719  
149  
63  
4
100  
100  
0
Asia  
BMW Automotive Finance (China) Co. Ltd., Beijing  
BMW China Automotive Trading Ltd., Beijing  
BMW Financial Services Korea Co. Ltd., Seoul  
BMW Japan Finance Corp., Tokyo  
2,107  
557  
530  
482  
337  
197  
173  
123  
108  
248  
480  
47  
62  
93  
13  
27  
7
58  
100  
100  
100  
100  
58  
BMW Japan Corp., Tokyo  
Herald International Financial Leasing Co., Ltd., Tianjin  
BMW Korea Co. Ltd., Seoul  
100  
100  
100  
100  
51  
BMW India Financial Services Private Ltd., Gurgaon, Haryana  
BMW (Thailand) Co. Ltd., Bangkok  
87  
BMW Manufacturing (Thailand) Co. Ltd., Rayong  
BMW Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
BMW Leasing (Thailand) Co. Ltd., Bangkok  
BMW China Services Ltd., Beijing  
74  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW Holding Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
BMW India Private Ltd., Gurgaon  
BMW Asia Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
BMW Asia Pte. Ltd., Singapore  
PT BMW Indonesia, Jakarta  
BMW Asia Pacific Capital Pte Ltd., Singapore  
BMW Credit (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
BMW Lease (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur  
1
94  
BMW Tokyo Corp., Tokyo  
100  
0
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
015-1 ABL, Tokyo13  
015-2 ABL, Tokyo13  
016-1 ABL, Tokyo13  
016-2 ABL, Tokyo13  
017-1 ABL, Tokyo13  
017-2 ABL, Tokyo13  
017-3 ABL, Tokyo13  
018-1 ABL, Tokyo13  
018-2 ABL, Tokyo13  
018-3 ABL, Tokyo13  
0
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
0
0
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2018  
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bavarian Sky Korea 2nd Asset Securitization Speciality Company, Seoul13  
Bavarian Sky Korea 3rd Asset Securitization Speciality Company, Seoul13  
Bavarian Sky China 2017-2, Beijing13  
0
0
0
Bavarian Sky China 2017-3, Beijing13  
0
Bavarian Sky China 2018-1, Beijing13  
0
Bavarian Sky China 2018-2, Beijing13  
0
Oceania  
BMW Australia Finance Ltd., Mulgrave  
BMW Australia Ltd., Melbourne  
403  
179  
27  
53  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
0
BMW Financial Services New Zealand Ltd., Auckland  
BMW New Zealand Ltd., Auckland  
BMW Sydney Pty. Ltd., Sydney  
BMW Melbourne Pty. Ltd., Melbourne  
BMW Australia Trust 2011-2, Mulgrave13  
Bavarian Sky Australia Trust A, Mulgrave13  
0
BMW AG’s non-consolidated companies at 31 December 2018  
77  
Equity  
Profit / loss Capital invest-  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
DꢄMESTIꢃꢆ7  
Alphabet Fleetservices GmbH, Munich  
Automag GmbH, Munich  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
Blitz 18-353 GmbH, Munich  
Blitz 18-354 GmbH, Munich  
BMW Car IT GmbH, Munich4  
BMW i Ventures GmbH, Munich  
Digital Charging Solutions GmbH, Munich  
ParkNow GmbH, Munich  
PM Parking Ventures GmbH, Munich  
FꢄREIGꢂꢆ7  
Europe  
Alphabet Insurance Services Polska Sp. z o.o., Warsaw  
BMW (GB) Ltd., Farnborough  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW (UK) Pensions Services Ltd., Hams Hall  
BMW Bulgaria EOOD, Sofia  
BMW Car Club Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Drivers Club Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Group Benefit Trust Ltd., Farnborough  
1
95  
BMW i Ventures B.V., The Hague  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
60  
BMW Manufacturing Hungary Kft., Vecsés  
BMW Merger S.R.L., Bukarest  
BMW Merger, distribucija motornih vozil, d.o.o., Ljubljana  
BMW Motorsport Ltd., Farnborough  
BMW Russland Automotive OOO, Kaliningrad  
Cobalt Holdings Ltd., Basingstoke  
Cobalt Telephone Technologies Ltd., Basingstoke  
Content4all B.V., Amsterdam  
John Cooper Garages Ltd., Farnborough  
John Cooper Works Ltd., Farnborough  
OOO BMW Leasing, Moscow  
Park-line Aqua B.V., The Hague  
Park-line B.V., The Hague  
Park-line Holding B.V., The Hague  
Park-Mobile (UK) Ltd., Basingstoke  
Parkmobile Belgium BvBa, Antwerp  
Parkmobile Benelux B.V., Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Group B.V., Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Group Holding B.V., Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Hellas S.A., Athens  
Parkmobile International B.V., Amsterdam  
Parkmobile International Holding B.V., Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Licenses B.V., Amsterdam  
Parkmobile Ltd., Basingstoke  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
90  
Parkmobile Software B.V., Amsterdam  
ParkNow Austria GmbH, Vienna  
ParkNow France S.A.S., Versailles  
ParkNow Suisse S.A., Bulle  
RingGo (GB) Ltd., Basingstoke  
U.T.E. Alphabet España-Bujarkay, Sevilla  
The Americas  
2
17-07 Northern Boulevard Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
BMW Experience Centre Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario  
BMW i Ventures Inc., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW i Ventures LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Leasing de Argentina S.A., Buenos Aires  
BMW Operations Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
BMW Technology Corp., Wilmington, Delaware  
Designworks / USA Inc., Newbury Park, California  
Digital Charging Solution Corp., Atlanta, Georgia  
MINI Business Innovation LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
Mini Urban X Accelerator SPV LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
Parkmobile Electronic Parking Solutions Canada Inc., Vancouver  
Parkmobile Montgomery County LLC, Baltimore, Maryland  
Parkmobile USA Inc., Atlanta, Georgia  
Parkmobile LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
ParkNow LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
ReachNow LLC, Wilmington, Delaware  
Toluca Planta de Automoviles S.A. de C.V., Mexico City  
Africa  
BMW Automobile Distributors (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
BPF Midrand Property Holdings (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
Multisource Properties (Pty) Ltd., Midrand  
100  
100  
100  
1
96  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Asia  
THEPSATRI Co. Ltd., Bangkok9  
49  
100  
70  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
BMW Financial Services Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore  
BMW Philippines Corp., Manila  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2018  
BMW India Foundation, Gurgaon  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
100  
51  
BMW Hong Kong Services Ltd., Hongkong  
BMW Insurance Services Korea Co. Ltd., Seoul  
BMW Mobility Services Ltd., Sichuan Tianfu New Area (Chengdu Section)  
BMW Finance (United Arab Emirates) Ltd., Dubai  
BMW Middle East Retail Competency Centre DWC-LLC, Dubai  
BMW India Leasing Private Ltd., Gurgaon  
Herald Hezhong (Beijing) Automotive Trading Co. Ltd., Beijing  
BMW Financial Services Hong Kong Ltd., Hongkong  
Oceania  
Parkmobile International (Australia) Pty. Ltd., Sydney  
100  
BMW AG’s associated companies, joint ventures  
and joint operations at 31 December 2018  
78  
Equity  
Profit / loss Capital invest-  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
Associated companies – equity accounted  
ꢄꢆMꢀSꢁIC  
IONITY Holding GmbH & Co. KG, Munich8  
149  
–15  
25  
50  
ꢅꢆꢈꢀIGꢃ  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd., Shenyang8  
5,926  
1,561  
Joint operations – proportionately consolidated entities  
ꢅꢆꢈꢀIGꢃ  
THERE Holding B.V., Amsterdam8  
1,764  
– 337  
29.6  
Not equity accounted or proportionately consolidated entities  
DꢄMESTIꢃꢆ7  
Encory GmbH, Unterschleißheim  
50  
50  
50  
20  
Digital Energy Solutions GmbH & Co. KG, Munich  
The Retail Performance Company GmbH, Munich  
PDB – Partnership for Dummy Technology and Biomechanics GbR, Gaimersheim  
FꢄREIGꢂꢆ7  
Bavarian & Co. Ltd., Incheon  
BMW Albatha Finance PSC, Dubai  
BMW Albatha Leasing LLC, Dubai  
BMW AVTOTOR Holding B.V., Amsterdam  
Critical TW S.A., Porto  
20  
40  
40  
50  
51  
20  
25  
20  
30  
DSP Concepts Inc., Dover, Delaware  
IP Mobile N.V., Brussels  
Rever Moto Inc., Wilmington, Delaware  
Stadspasparkeren B.V., Deurne  
1
97  
BMW AG’s participations at 31 December 2018  
79  
Equity  
Profit / loss Capital invest-  
Companies  
in € million  
in € million  
ment in %  
DꢄMESTIꢃꢆ7  
Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH, Kaiserslautern  
GSB Sonderabfall-Entsorgung Bayern GmbH, Baar-Ebenhausen  
Hubject GmbH, Berlin  
4.6  
3.1  
17.8  
18.9  
9.8  
IVM Industrie-Verband Motorrad GmbH & Co. Dienstleistungs KG, Essen  
Joblinge gemeinnützige AG Berlin, Berlin  
Joblinge gemeinnützige AG Leipzig, Leipzig  
Joblinge gemeinnützige AG München, Munich  
Racer Benchmark Group GmbH, Landsberg am Lech  
SGL Carbon SE, Wiesbaden  
16.7  
6.2  
9.1  
18.3  
FꢄREIGꢂꢆ7  
Gios Holding B.V., Oss  
12.0  
49.0  
SGL Composites LLC, Dover, Delaware  
1
The amounts shown for the German subsidiaries correspond to the annual financial statements drawn up in accordance with German accounting requirements (HGB).  
The amounts shown for the foreign subsidiaries correspond to the annual financial statements drawn up in accordance with uniform IFRS rules. Equity and earnings not denominated in euro are translated into  
euro using the closing exchange rate at the balance sheet date.  
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with BMW AG.  
Profit and Loss Transfer Agreement with a subsidiary of BMW AG.  
Exemption from drawing up a management report applied in accordance with § 264 (3) and § 264 b HGB.  
Exemption from publication of financial statements applied in accordance with § 264 (3) and § 264 b HGB.  
These entities are neither consolidated nor accounted for using the equity method due to their overall immateriality for the Group Financial Statements.  
The amounts shown for entities accounted for using the equity method and for proportionately consolidated entities correspond to the annual financial statements drawn up in accordance with uniform  
IFRS rules. Equity not denominated in euro is translated into euro using the closing exchange rate at the balance sheet date, earnings are translated using the average rate.  
Including power to appoint representative bodies.  
Exemption pursuant to Article 2:403 of the Civil Code of the Netherlands (Burgerlijk Wetboek).  
First-time consolidation.  
Deconsolidation in the financial year 2018: BMW Malta Finance Ltd., St. Julians.  
9
1
1
1
1
0
1
2
3
Control on basis of economic dependence.  
1
98  
Group  
Financial  
Statements  
Munich, 19 February 2019  
Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Notes to the Group  
Financial Statements  
Aktiengesellschaft  
List of Investments  
at 31 December 2018  
The Board of Management  
Harald Krüger  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree Klaus Fröhlich  
Pieter Nota  
Dr. Nicolas Peter  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Oliver Zipse  
Dr.-Ing. Andreas Wendt  
CORPORATE  
GOVERNANCE  
Page 200 Statement on Corporate Governance  
(
Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 200 Information on the Company’s Governing Constitution  
Page 201 Declaration of the Board of Management and  
of the Supervisory Board Pursuant to § 161 AktG  
Page 202 Members of the Board of Management  
Page 203 Members of the Supervisory Board  
Page 206 Composition and Work Procedures of the Board of Management  
of BMW AG and its Committees  
Page 208 Composition and Work Procedures of the Supervisory Board  
of BMW AG and its Committees  
Page 215 Disclosures Pursuant to the Act on Equal Gender Participation  
Page 216 Information on Corporate Governance  
Practices Applied beyond Mandatory Requirements  
Page 218 Compliance in the BMW Group  
Page 223 Compensation Report  
(
Part of the Combined Management Report)  
Page 239 Responsibility Statement by the Company’s  
Legal Representatives  
Page 240 Independent Auditor’s Report  
4
4
Corporate  
Governance  
Company’s Govern-  
ing Constitution  
Board of  
Management  
Supervisory Board  
Compliance  
Compensation  
Report  
2
00  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Good corporate governance – acting in accordance  
with the principles of responsible management aimed  
at increasing the value of the business on a sustainable  
basis – is an essential requirement for the BMW Group  
embracing all areas of the business. Corporate culture  
within the BMW Group is founded on transparent  
reporting and communication, corporate governance  
in the interest of all stakeholders, trustful cooperation  
both of the Board of Management and the Supervisory  
Board as well as among employees, and compliance  
with applicable law. The Board of Management and  
Supervisory Board report in this statement on impor-  
tant aspects of corporate governance pursuant to  
STATEMENT ON  
CORPORATE  
GOVERNANCE  
Information on the  
Company’s  
Governing  
Constitution  
§
§289f, §315d HGB and section 3.10 of the German  
Corporate Governance Code (GCGC).  
Information on the Company’s  
Governing Constitution  
The designation BMW Group comprises Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft (BMWAG) and  
its group entities. BMWAG is a stock corporation  
(
Aktiengesellschaft) within the meaning of the  
German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz) and  
has its registered office in Munich, Germany. It has  
three representative bodies: the Annual General  
Meeting, the Supervisory Board and the Board of  
Management. The duties and powers of those bodies  
derive from the Stock Corporation Act and the  
Articles of Incorporation of BMWAG. Shareholders,  
as the owners of the business, exercise their rights at  
the Annual General Meeting. The Annual General  
Meeting decides in particular on the utilisation of  
unappropriated profit, the ratification of the acts of  
the members of the Board of Management and the  
Supervisory Board, the appointment of the external  
auditor, changes to the Articles of Incorporation and  
certain capital measures, and elects the shareholders’  
representatives to the Supervisory Board. The Board of  
Management is responsible for managing the Company  
and is monitored and advised by the Supervisory  
Board. The Supervisory Board appoints the members  
of the Board of Management and can, for an important  
reason, revoke an appointment at any time. The Board  
of Management informs the Supervisory Board and  
reports to it regularly, promptly and comprehensively,  
in line with the principles of conscientious and faithful  
accountability and in accordance with the law and the  
reporting duties determined by the Supervisory Board.  
The Board of Management requires the approval of  
the Supervisory Board for certain major business  
proceedings. The Supervisory Board is not, however,  
authorised to undertake management measures itself.  
The close interaction between Board of Management  
and Supervisory Board in the interests of the Company  
as described above is also known as a “two-tier board  
structure”.  
2
01  
Declaration of the Board of Management and the  
Supervisory Board of Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft regarding the recommenda-  
tions of the “Government Commission on the  
German Corporate Governance Code” Pursuant  
to § 161 German Stock Corporation Act  
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board  
of Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft  
(“BMW AG”) declare the following regarding the  
4. It is recommended in section 4.2.5 sentences 5  
and 6 of the Code that specified information  
pertaining to management board compensation  
be disclosed in a Compensation Report. These  
recommendations have not been and will not be  
complied with, due to uncertainties as to whether  
the additional disclosure of this information and  
the use of model tables would add to the de-  
sired transparency and understandability of the  
BMW Group’s Compensation Report in accord-  
ance with generally applicable financial report-  
ing requirements (see section 4.2.5 sentence 3  
of the Code).  
recommendations of the “Government Commission  
on the German Corporate Governance Code”:  
1
. Since the last Declaration was issued in De-  
cember 2017, BMWAG has complied with all the  
recommendations published officially in the  
Federal Gazette on 24 April 2017 (Code version  
dated 7 February 2017) with the exception – as  
previously reported – of section 4.2.3 sentence 9  
and section 4.2.5 sentences 5 and 6.  
Furthermore, in its draft revision of the Code  
dated 25 October 2018 (published on 6 Novem-  
ber 2018), the Government Commission on the  
German Corporate Governance Code has now  
proposed to delete the aforementioned recom-  
mendation, as the planned amendment to the  
German Stock Corporation Act to implement the  
second EU Shareholder Rights Directive con-  
tains comprehensive and detailed requirements  
for compensation reports, thus obviating the  
need for recommendations in the Code. The cor-  
responding amendments to the Code are due  
to be made in the course of the financial year  
2019. Continuity of reporting is therefore a fur-  
ther argument for not using the model tables as  
a one-off solution in the BMW Group’s Compen-  
sation Report for the financial year 2018 prior  
to the new statutory reporting requirements  
coming into force.  
2
. In future, BMWAG will comply with all the recom-  
mendations published officially in the Federal  
Gazette on 24 April 2017 (Code version dated  
7
4
February 2017), with the exception of section  
.2.5 sentences 5 and 6.  
3
. It is recommended in section 4.2.3 sentence 9 of  
the Code that subsequent amendments to per-  
formance targets or comparison parameters for  
variable remuneration components relating to  
the Board of Management shall be excluded. As  
previously reported, this recommendation was  
deviated from on a one-time basis in order to im-  
plement the new compensation system with  
effect from the financial year 2018, rather than  
with effect from the financial year 2020. Accor-  
dingly, it was necessary to cancel the targets  
previously set for the variable remuneration com-  
ponents for the financial years 2018 and 2019  
and replace them for the financial year 2018 on-  
wards with targets based on the new compen-  
sation system. The recommendation will, however,  
be complied with again in the future.  
Munich, December 2018  
Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft  
On behalf of the  
On behalf of the  
Supervisory Board  
Board of Management  
Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h.  
Norbert Reithofer  
Chairman  
Harald Krüger  
Chairman  
2
02  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
MEMBERS OF THE  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
ꢄr. ꢃicoꢊas ꢋeter (*1962)  
Finance  
Mandates  
Members of the  
Board of  
Management  
BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd.  
(Deputy Chairman)  
Members of the  
Supervisory Board  
eter Schwarzenbauer (*1959)  
ꢉaraꢊd Krüger (*1965)  
Chairman  
MINI, Rolls-Royce, BMW Motorrad,  
Customer Engagement and Digital Business  
Innovation BMW Group  
Mandates  
Deutsche Telekom AG (since 17 May 2018)  
Mandates  
Scout24 AG  
Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited (Chairman)  
Miꢊagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree (*1962)  
Human Resources, Industrial Relations Director  
ꢄr.-Ing. Andreas wendt (*1958)  
Purchasing and Supplier Network  
(since 1 October 2018)  
Markus Duesmann (*1969)  
Purchasing and Supplier Network  
Mandates  
(until 24 July 2018)  
Pöttinger Landtechnik GmbH  
(Chairman, until 29 October 2018)  
Kꢊaus ꢅröhꢊich (*1960)  
Development  
ꢆꢊiver Zipse (*1964)  
Production  
Mandates  
E.ON SE (since 9 May 2018)  
HERE International B.V. (until 28 February 2018)  
Mandates  
BMW (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd. (Chairman)  
BMW Motoren GmbH (Chairman)  
ꢋieter ꢃota (*1964)  
Sales and Brand BMW, Aftersales BMW Group  
General Counsel:  
ꢄr. Jürgen ꢈeuꢊ  
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
03  
MEMBERS OF THE  
SUPERVISORY BOARD  
Dr. jur. Karl-Ludwig Kley (*1951)  
Member since 2008  
Deputy Chairman  
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of E.ON SE  
and of the Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft  
Mandates  
E.ON SE (Chairman)  
Deutsche Lufthansa Aktiengesellschaft (Chairman)  
Verizon Communications Inc. (until 3 May 2018)  
Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.ꢀh. ꢂorbert Reithofer (*1956)  
Member since 2015  
Chairman  
2
Former Chairman of the Board of  
Management of BMWAG  
Mandates  
ꢃhristiane Bennerꢀ (*1968)  
Member since 2014  
Second Chairman of IG Metall  
Mandates  
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft  
Henkel AG & Co. KGaA (Shareholders’ Committee)  
Continental AG  
(Deputy Chairman, since 1March 2018)  
1
Manfred Schoch (*1955)  
Member since 1988  
Deputy Chairman  
Chairman of the European  
and General Works Council  
Industrial Engineer  
Dr. rer. pol. Kurt Bock (*1958)  
Member since 17 May 2018  
Former Chairman of the Board of  
Management of BASF SE  
Mandates  
Fresenius Management SE  
Münchener Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft  
Aktiengesellschaft (since 25 April 2018)  
Stefan quandt (*1966)  
Member since 1997  
Deputy Chairman  
Entrepreneur  
Franz Haniel (*1955)  
Member since 2004  
Entrepreneur  
Mandates  
DELTON Health AG (Chairman)  
DELTON Technology SE  
Mandates  
(
Chairman, since 19 November 2018)  
DELTON Health AG  
(Deputy Chairman, until 31 December 2018)  
Franz Haniel & Cie. GmbH (Chairman)  
Heraeus Holding GmbH  
TBG AG  
AQTON SE (Chairman)  
Entrust Datacard Corp.  
1
Stefan Schmidꢀ (*1965)  
Member since 2007  
Deputy Chairman  
3
Ralf Hattlerꢀ (*1968)  
Chairman of the Works Council, Dingolfing  
Member since 2017  
Head of Purchasing Indirect Goods and Services,  
Raw Material, Production Partner  
1
Employee representatives (company employees).  
Employee representatives (union representatives).  
Employee representatives (members of senior management).  
2
3
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
04  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢄr.-Ing. ꢉeinrich ꢉiesinger (*1960)  
Member since 2017  
Former Chairman of the Board of Management  
of thyssenkrupp AG  
Dr. h.ꢀc. Robert W. Lane (*1949)  
Member since 2009 until 17 May 2018  
Former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of  
Deere & Company  
Members of the  
Supervisory Board  
Mandates  
thyssenkrupp Elevator AG  
2
(
Chairman, until 6 July 2018)  
thyssenkrupp Steel Europe AG  
Chairman, until 6 July 2018)  
thyssenkrupp (China) Ltd.  
Chairman, until 6 July 2018)  
Horst Lischkaꢀ (*1963)  
Member since 2009  
General Representative of IG Metall Munich  
Mandates  
(
(
KraussMaffei Group GmbH  
MAN Truck & Bus AG  
Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH  
rof. Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.ꢀc. Reinhard Hüttl (*1957)  
Member since 2008  
1
Chairman of the Executive Board  
of Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam  
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum – GFZ  
University Professor  
Willibald Löwꢀ (*1956)  
Member since 1999  
Chairman of the Works Council, Landshut  
Simone Menne (*1960)  
Member since 2015  
Member of supervisory boards  
Mandates  
Susanne Kꢊatten (*1962)  
Member since 1997  
Entrepreneur  
Mandates  
Deutsche Post AG  
ALTANA AG (Deputy Chairman)  
SGL Carbon SE (Chairman)  
UnternehmerTUM GmbH (Chairman)  
Springer Nature AG & Co.KGaA  
(since 23 April 2018)  
Johnson Controls International plc  
(since 7 March 2018)  
Russell Reynolds Associates Inc.  
(since 19 January 2019)  
ꢋrof. ꢄr. rer. poꢊ. ꢈenate Köcher (*1952)  
Member since 2008  
Director of Institut für Demoskopie  
Allensbach Gesellschaft zum Studium der  
öffentlichen Meinung mbH  
Mandates  
Infineon Technologies AG  
Nestlé Deutschland AG  
Robert Bosch GmbH  
1
Employee representatives (company employees).  
Employee representatives (union representatives).  
Employee representatives (members of senior management).  
2
3
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
05  
1
Dr. Dominique Mohabeerꢀ (*1963)  
Member since 2012  
Member of the Works Council, Munich  
1
Brigitte Rödigꢀ (*1963)  
Member since 2013  
Member of the Works Council, Dingolfing  
2
Jürgen Wechslerꢀ (*1955)  
Member since 2011  
Former Regional Head of IG Metall Bavaria  
Mandates  
Schaeffler AG (Deputy Chairman)  
Siemens Healthcare GmbH (Deputy Chairman)  
1
Werner Ziererꢀ (*1959)  
Member since 2001  
Chairman of the Works Council, Regensburg  
1
Employee representatives (company employees).  
Employee representatives (union representatives).  
Employee representatives (members of senior management).  
2
3
Membership of other statutory supervisory boards.  
Membership of equivalent national or foreign boards of business enterprises.  
2
06  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
COMPOSITION AND WORK  
PROCEDURES OF THE  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
OF BMW AG AND ITS  
COMMITTEES  
At its meetings, the Board of Management defines the  
overall framework for developing business strategies  
and the use of resources, takes decisions regarding  
the implementation of strategies and deals with issues  
of particular importance to the BMW Group. The full  
Board also takes decisions at basic policy level relating  
to the Group’s automobile product strategies and  
product projects, inasmuch as these are relevant for  
all of the Group’s brands. The Board of Management  
and its committees may, as required and depending on  
the subject matters being discussed, invite non-voting  
advisers to participate at meetings.  
Composition and  
Work Procedures  
of the Board of  
Management of  
BMW AG and its  
Committees  
The Board of Management manages the enterprise  
under its own responsibility, acting in the best inter-  
ests of the BMW Group with the aim of achieving  
sustainable growth in value. The interests of share-  
holders, employees and other stakeholders are also  
taken into account in the pursuit of this aim.  
Terms of procedure approved by the Board of Manage-  
ment contain a plan for the allocation of divisional  
responsibilities among the individual Board members.  
These terms of procedure also incorporate the prin-  
ciple that the full Board of Management bears joint  
responsibility for all matters of particular importance  
and scope. In addition, members of the Board of  
Management manage the relevant portfolio of duties  
under their responsibility, whereby case-by-case  
rules can be put in place for cross-divisional projects.  
Board members continually provide the Chairman  
of the Board of Management with all the required  
information pertaining to major transactions and  
developments within their sphere of responsibility.  
The Chairman of the Board of Management coordi-  
nates cross-divisional matters with the overall targets  
and plans of the BMW Group, involving other Board  
members to the extent that divisions within their area  
of responsibility are affected.  
The Board of Management determines the strategic  
orientation of the enterprise, agrees upon it with the  
Supervisory Board and ensures its implementation.  
The Board of Management is also responsible for  
ensuring that all provisions of law and internal regula-  
tions are complied with. Further details on compliance  
within the BMW Group are available in the Corporate  
Governance section of the Annual Report. The Board  
of Management is also responsible for ensuring that  
appropriate risk management and risk controlling  
systems are in place throughout the Group.  
During their period of employment for BMWAG, mem-  
bers of the Board of Management are bound by a com-  
prehensive non-competition clause. They are required to  
act in the enterprise’s best interests and may not pursue  
personal interests in their decisions or take advantage  
of business opportunities intended for the benefit of  
the enterprise. They may undertake ancillary activi-  
ties, particularly supervisory board mandates outside  
the BMW Group, only with the prior approval of the  
Supervisory Board’s Personnel Committee. Individual  
members of the Board of Management of BMWAG  
are required to disclose any conflicts of interest to the  
Supervisory Board without delay and inform the other  
members of the Board of Management accordingly.  
The Board of Management makes its decisions at meet-  
ings which are convened, coordinated and headed by  
the Chairman of the Board of Management. Generally,  
two to three Board meetings were held per month  
during the financial year 2018.  
At the request of the Chairman, decisions can also be  
taken outside of Board meetings if none of the Board  
members object to this procedure. A meeting is quorate  
if all Board of Management members are invited to the  
meeting in good time. Members unable to attend any  
particular meeting are entitled to vote in writing, by fax  
or by telephone. Votes cast by telephone must be sub-  
sequently confirmed in writing. Except in urgent cases,  
matters relating to a division for which the responsible  
Board member is not present will only be discussed and  
decided upon with that member’s consent.  
When a new member is appointed to the Board of Manage-  
ment, the BMW Corporate Governance Officer is required  
to inform that new member of the framework conditions  
under which their duties are to be carried out – in par-  
ticular those enshrined in the BMW Group’s Corporate  
Governance Code – as well as the duty to cooperate when  
a transaction or event triggers reporting requirements or  
requires the approval of the Supervisory Board.  
Unless stipulated otherwise by law or in BMWAG’s  
statutes, the Board of Management makes decisions  
based on a simple majority of votes cast at meetings.  
Outside of Board meetings, decisions are taken on  
the basis of a simple majority of Board members. In  
the event of a tied vote, the Chairman of the Board  
of Management has the casting vote. Any changes  
to the Board’s terms of procedure must be passed  
The Board of Management consults and takes decisions as  
a collegiate body in meetings of the Board of Management,  
the Sustainability Board, the Operations Committee and  
the Committee for Executive Management Matters.  
2
07  
unanimously. A Board meeting may only be held if  
more than half of the Board members are present.  
The Board’s Committee for Executive Management  
Matters deals with corporate issues affecting executive  
managers of the BMW Group, either in their entirety or  
individually (such as potential candidates for executive  
management or nominations for senior management  
positions). This committee has, firstly, an advisory and  
preparatory role (e.ꢀg. in connection with fundamen-  
tal issues relating to human resources policies, such  
as compensation systems and planning, personnel  
development and tools for assessing performance)  
and secondly the function of a decision-making body  
(e.ꢀg. the appointment of senior executives).  
In the event that the Chairman of the Board of  
Management is not present or is unable to attend  
a meeting, the member of the Board responsible for  
Finance will represent him.  
Minutes are taken of all meetings and of the Board of  
Management’s resolutions and signed by the Chair-  
man. Decisions taken by the Board of Management  
are binding for all employees.  
The rules relating to meetings and resolutions taken  
by the full Board of Management are also applicable  
for its committees.  
The Committee has two members who are entitled to  
vote at meetings, namely the Chairman of the Board  
of Management (who also chairs the meetings) and  
the Board member for Human Resources. The Head  
of Human Resources Management and Services as  
well as the Head of Human Resources Executive  
Management also participate in these meetings in  
an advisory function. In addition, further participants  
can be invited when needed for special topics. At  
the request of the Chairman, resolutions may also  
be passed outside of committee meetings by casting  
votes in writing, by fax or by telephone if the other  
member entitled to vote does not object immediately.  
Normally, the Committee for Executive Management  
Matters convenes between five and ten times a year.  
Members of the Board of Management not represented  
in a committee are provided with the agendas and  
minutes of committee meetings. Committee matters  
are dealt with in full Board meetings if the committee  
considers it necessary or at the request of a member  
of the Board of Management.  
A secretariat for Board of Management matters has  
been established to assist the Chairman and other  
Board members with the preparation and follow-up  
work connected with Board meetings.  
The Operations Committee generally meets every  
two weeks. At these meetings, decisions are reached  
concerning automobile product projects, based on the  
strategic orientation and decision-making framework  
stipulated at Board of Management meetings. The  
Operations Committee has three members who are  
entitled to vote at meetings, namely the Board member  
for Development (who also chairs the meetings), the  
Board member for Production and the Board member  
responsible for Purchasing and the Supplier Network.  
Up to 28 February 2018, the Board member for Sales  
and Brand BMW and Aftersales BMW Group as well  
as the Board member for MINI, Rolls-Royce, BMW  
Motorrad, Customer Engagement and Digital Business  
Innovation BMW were also members of the Operations  
Committee. If the committee chairman is not present  
or unable to attend, meetings are chaired by the Board  
member for Production. The Head of Corporate Qual-  
ity as well as the Head of Maturity Management, Sign  
Off and Product Validation participate in Operations  
Committee meetings in an advisory capacity.  
The Board of Management is represented by its Chair-  
man in its dealings with the Supervisory Board. The  
Chairman of the Board of Management maintains regu-  
lar contact with the Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
and keeps him informed of all important matters. The  
Supervisory Board has passed a resolution specifying  
the information and reporting duties of the Board of  
Management. As a general rule, in the case of reports  
required by law, the Board of Management submits  
its reports to the Supervisory Board in writing. To the  
greatest extent possible, documents required as a basis  
for taking decisions are sent to the members of the  
Supervisory Board in good time prior to the relevant  
meeting. Regarding transactions of fundamental  
importance, the Supervisory Board has resolved that  
its specific approval is required. Whenever necessary,  
the Chairman of the Board of Management obtains  
the approval of the Supervisory Board and ensures  
that reporting duties to the Supervisory Board are  
complied with. The Chairman is supported by all  
members of the Board of Management in the ful-  
filment of these tasks. The fundamental principle  
followed when reporting to the Supervisory Board  
is that the information should be provided regularly,  
comprehensively and without delay regarding all  
significant matters relating to planning, business  
performance, risk exposures, risk management and  
compliance, as well as any major variances between  
actual business development and plans and targets,  
and the relevant reasons.  
The full Board usually convenes up to twice a year  
in its function as Sustainability Board in order to  
define strategy and use of resources with regard to  
sustainability and decide upon measures to imple-  
ment that strategy. The Head of Corporate Affairs  
and the Representative for Sustainability and Envi-  
ronmental Protection participate in these meetings  
in an advisory capacity.  
2
08  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
COMPOSITION AND WORK  
PROCEDURES OF THE  
SUPERVISORY BOARD OF  
BMW AG AND ITS  
The Supervisory Board is quorate if all members have  
been invited to the meeting and at least half the mem-  
bers of whom it is required to comprise participate  
in the vote. A resolution relating to an agenda item  
not included in the invitation is only valid if none  
of the members of the Supervisory Board who were  
present at the meeting object to the resolution and if  
a minimum of two-thirds of the members are present.  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
COMMITTEES  
Resolutions of the Supervisory Board are generally  
passed by a simple majority. The German Co-determi-  
nation Act contains specific legal requirements with  
regard to majorities and technical procedures, particu-  
larly with regard to the appointment and removal of  
members of the Board of Management and the election  
of Chairman or Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory  
Board. In the event of a tied vote in the Supervisory  
Board, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board has two  
votes in a renewed vote if it also results in a tie.  
BMWAG’s Supervisory Board is composed of ten share-  
holder representatives (elected by the Annual General  
Meeting) and ten employee representatives (elected in  
accordance with the Co-Determination Act). The ten  
Supervisory Board members representing employees  
comprise seven Company employees, including one  
executive staff representative, and three members elect-  
ed following nomination by unions. The Supervisory  
Board has the task of advising and supervising the Board  
of Management in its management of the BMW Group.  
It is involved in all decisions of fundamental importance  
for the BMW Group. The Supervisory Board appoints  
the members of the Board of Management and decides  
upon the level of compensation they receive. The Super-  
visory Board can revoke appointments for important  
reasons.  
In practice, resolutions are regularly passed by the  
Supervisory Board and its committees at meetings.  
Supervisory Board members who are not present can  
submit their vote via another Supervisory Board member  
in written, fax or electronic form. This rule also applies  
for the second vote of the Chairman of the Supervisory  
Board. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board can also  
grant a period of time in which all members not present  
at a meeting may retrospectively vote. In special cases,  
resolutions may also be passed outside of meetings, in  
particular in writing, by fax or by electronic means.  
Resolutions and meetings are recorded in minutes,  
which are signed by the relevant Chairman.  
The Supervisory Board holds a minimum of two meet-  
ings per calendar half-year. Normally, five plenary  
meetings are held per calendar year. One meeting each  
year is planned to extend to several days and is used,  
among other things, to enable an in-depth exchange on  
strategic and technological matters. The main topics of  
meetings in the period under report are summarised  
in the Report of the Supervisory Board. Shareholder  
representatives and employee representatives generally  
prepare Supervisory Board meetings separately and  
occasionally with members of the Board of Manage-  
ment. Members of the Supervisory Board are specif-  
ically legally bound to maintain secrecy with respect  
to confidential reports they receive and confidential  
discussions in which they partake.  
Following its meetings, the Supervisory Board is generally  
shown information on new vehicle models in the form  
of a short presentation.  
Following the election of a new Supervisory Board  
member, the Corporate Governance Officer informs  
the new member of the main framework for performing  
duties, in particular the BMW Group Corporate Gov-  
ernance Code and individual contributions required in  
circumstances which trigger reporting obligations or are  
subject to Supervisory Board approval.  
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board coordinates  
work within the Supervisory Board, convenes and  
chairs its meetings, handles the external affairs of the  
Supervisory Board and represents it before the Board  
of Management.  
All members of the Supervisory Board of BMWAG take  
care to ensure that they have sufficient time to perform  
their mandate. If members of the Supervisory Board of  
BMWAG are also members of the management board of  
a listed company, they may not accept more than three  
mandates on non-BMW Group supervisory boards of  
listed companies or in other bodies with comparable  
requirements.  
2
09  
The Supervisory Board regularly assesses the efficiency  
of its activities. To this end, shared discussion is con-  
ducted within the Supervisory Board and individual  
meetings held with the Chairman, prepared on the basis  
of a questionnaire sent in advance, which is drawn up  
by the Supervisory Board.  
According to the rules of procedure, the Chairman of the  
Supervisory Board is, by virtue of this function, member  
and Chairman of the Presiding Board, the Personnel  
Committee and the Nomination Committee.  
see Report of  
the Supervisory  
Board for the  
The number of meetings held by the Presiding Board  
and committees depends on requirements. The Pre-  
number of siding Board, the Personnel Committee and the Audit  
Members of the Supervisory Board of BMW AG are  
obliged to act in the best interest of the organisation as  
a whole. They may not pursue personal interests in their  
decisions or take advantage of business opportunities  
intended to benefit the BMW Group.  
meetings during  
the year 2018  
Committee generally hold several meetings in the course  
of the year.  
In line with the rules of procedure for the activities of  
the plenum, the Supervisory Board has set out proce-  
dural rules for the Presiding Board and committees.  
Committees are quorate only when all members par-  
ticipate. Committee resolutions are passed by a simple  
majority, unless otherwise stipulated by law.  
Members of the Supervisory Board are obliged to inform  
the Supervisory Board of any conflicts of interest, in  
particular those resulting from a consulting or executive  
role with clients, suppliers, lenders or other business  
partners, so that the Supervisory Board can report to  
the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting on  
its treatment of the issue. Material and non-temporary  
conflicts of interest of a Supervisory Board member  
result in a termination of mandate.  
Members of the Supervisory Board may not delegate  
their duties to others. However, the Supervisory Board,  
the Presiding Board and the committees may call on  
experts and informed persons to attend meetings and  
advise on specific matters.  
In proposing candidates for election as members of the  
Supervisory Board, care is taken that the Supervisory  
Board collectively has the required knowledge, skills and  
expertise to perform its tasks appropriately.  
The Supervisory Board, the Presiding Board and com-  
mittees also meet without the Board of Management  
when necessary.  
The Supervisory Board has stated specific targets  
for its composition, agreed to a diversity concept and  
determined a competency profile.  
see section  
Composition  
targets for the  
Supervisory  
Board”  
BMWAG ensures that the Supervisory Board and its  
committees are appropriately equipped to carry out  
their duties. This includes providing a central Supervi-  
sory Board office to support the chairpersons in their  
coordination work.  
Members of the Supervisory Board are responsible for  
undertaking any training required for the performance  
of their duties. The Company provides them with appro-  
priate assistance therein.  
In accordance with rules of procedure, the Presiding  
Board comprises the Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
and Deputies. The Presiding Board prepares Superviso-  
Taking into account the specific circumstances of  
the BMW Group and the number of Board members,  
see “Overview ry Board meetings to the extent that the subject matter  
of Supervisory  
does not fall within the remit of a committee. This  
Board commit-  
the Supervisory Board has set up a Presiding Board tees and their  
and four committees: the Personnel Committee, the  
includes, for example, preparing the annual Declaration  
of Compliance with the German Corporate Governance  
Code and assessment of Supervisory Board efficiency.  
composition”  
Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee and the  
Mediation Committee. These serve to raise the efficiency  
of the Supervisory Board’s work and facilitate handling  
of complex issues. Establishment and function of a  
mediation committee is prescribed by law. Committee  
chairpersons report in detail on committee work at each  
plenary meeting of the Supervisory Board.  
Composition of the Presiding Board and the committees  
is based on legal requirements, the Articles of Incor-  
poration, rules of procedure and corporate governance  
principles, while taking into particular account the  
expertise of Board members.  
2
10  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
The Personnel Committee prepares decisions of the  
Supervisory Board with regard to the appointment and,  
where applicable, removal of members of the Board of  
Management and, together with the full Supervisory  
Board and the Board of Management, ensures long-  
term succession planning. The Personnel Committee  
also prepares decisions of the Supervisory Board with  
regard to Board of Management compensation and the  
regular review of the compensation system for the Board  
of Management. In conjunction with resolutions taken  
by the Supervisory Board regarding the compensation  
of the Board of Management, the Personnel Committee  
is responsible for drawing up, amending and revoking  
employment contracts or, when necessary, to prepare  
and conclude other relevant contracts with members  
of the Board of Management. In certain cases, the  
Personnel Committee is also authorised to grant the  
necessary approval of a business transaction on behalf of  
the Supervisory Board. This includes cases of providing  
loans to members of the Board of Management or Super-  
visory Board, certain contractual arrangements with  
members of the Supervisory Board, taking into account  
related parties, as well as ancillary activities of members  
of the Board of Management, in particular acceptance  
of non-BMW Group supervisory board mandates.  
In line with the recommendations of the German Cor-  
porate Governance Code, the Chairman of the Audit  
Committee is independent, and not a former Chairman  
of the Board of Management, and has special knowledge  
and experience in the application of financial reporting  
standards and internal control procedures. He also  
fulfils the requirement of being a financial expert as  
defined by §100 (5) and §107 (4) AktG.  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
The Nomination Committee is charged with the task of  
finding suitable candidates for election to the Super-  
visory Board as shareholder representatives and to  
propose them to the Supervisory Board for election at  
the Annual General Meeting. In line with the recom-  
mendations of the German Corporate Governance Code,  
the Nomination Committee is exclusively composed of  
shareholder representatives.  
The establishment and composition of a mediation com-  
mittee are prescribed by the German Co-determination  
Act. The Mediation Committee has the task of making  
proposals to the Supervisory Board if a resolution for the  
appointment of a member of the Board of Management  
has not been carried by the necessary two-thirds major-  
ity of members’ votes. In accordance with statutory  
requirements, the Mediation Committee comprises the  
Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory  
Board, one member selected by shareholder represent-  
atives and one by employee representatives.  
The Audit Committee deals in particular with the super-  
vision of the financial reporting process, effectiveness  
of the internal control system, the risk management  
system, as well as the performance of Supervisory Board  
duties in connection with audits pursuant to §32 of the  
German Securities Trading Act (WpHG). It also oversees  
the audit of financial statements, auditor independence  
and any additional work performed by the auditor. It  
prepares the proposal for the election of the auditor at  
the Annual General Meeting, makes a relevant recom-  
mendation, issues the audit engagement and agrees on  
additional areas of audit focus as well as the auditor’s fee.  
The Audit Committee prepares the Supervisory Board’s  
resolution relating to the Company and Group Financial  
Statements and discusses interim reports with the Board  
of Management prior to publication. Additionally, the  
Audit Committee deals with the non-financial report-  
ing, prepares the audit of the Supervisory Board and  
the engagement of an external auditor and issues the  
audit engagement. Furthermore, the Audit Committee  
deals with the supervision of the internal audit system  
and compliance as well as the audit and supervision  
of any needs for action related to possible violations  
of duties by members of the Board of Management in  
preparation of a resolution in the Supervisory Board.  
The Audit Committee also decides on the Supervisory  
Board’s agreement on the use of Authorised Capital  
2
014 (Article 4 no. 5 of the Articles of Incorporation)  
and on amendments to the Articles of Incorporation  
which only affect its wording.  
2
11  
ꢄverview of Supervisory Board committees  
and their composition  
Principal duties, basis for activities  
Members  
ꢋꢈꢀSIꢄIꢃG bꢆAꢈꢄ  
preparation of Supervisory Board meetings to the extent that the subject matter to be  
discussed does not fall within the remit of a committee  
Norbert Reithofer1  
Manfred Schoch  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
Karl-Ludwig Kley  
activities based on terms of procedure  
ꢋꢀꢈSꢆꢃꢃꢀl CꢆMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
preparation of decisions relating to the appointment and revocation of appointment of  
members of the Board of Management, the compensation and the regular review of the  
Board of Management’s compensation system  
Norbert Reithofer1  
Manfred Schoch  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
Karl-Ludwig Kley  
conclusion, amendment and revocation of employment contracts (in conjunction with  
the resolutions taken by the Supervisory Board regarding the compensation of the Board  
of Management) and other contracts with members of the Board of Management  
decisions relating to the approval of ancillary activities of Board of Management  
members, including acceptance of non-BMW Group supervisory mandates as well as the  
approval of transactions requiring Supervisory Board approval by dint of law (e.g. loans  
to Board of Management or Supervisory Board members)  
set up in accordance with the recommendation contained in the German Corporate  
Governance Code, activities based on terms of procedure  
AꢂꢄIꢁ CꢆMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
supervision of the financial reporting process, the effectiveness of the internal control  
system, the risk management system, as well as the performance of Supervisory  
Board duties in connection with audits pursuant to §32 of the German Securities Trading  
Act (WpHG)  
Karl-Ludwig Kley1, 2  
Norbert Reithofer  
Manfred Schoch  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
supervision of external audit, in particular auditor independence and additional work  
performed by external auditor  
preparation of proposals for election of external auditor at Annual General Meeting,  
engagement (recommendation) of external auditor and compliance of audit  
engagement, determination of additional areas of audit emphasis and fee agreements  
with external auditor  
preparation of Supervisory Board’s resolution on Company and  
Group Financial Statements  
discussion of interim reports with Board of Management prior to publication  
preparation of the Supervisory Board’s audit of the non-financial reporting, preparation of  
the selection of the auditor for non-financial reporting and engagement of the auditor  
supervision of internal audit system and compliance as well as the audit and supervision of  
any needs for action related to possible violations of duties by members of the Board of  
Management in preparation of a resolution in the Supervisory Board  
decision on approval for utilisation of Authorised Capital 2014  
amendments to Articles of Incorporation only affecting wording  
establishment in accordance with the recommendation contained in the  
German Corporate Governance Code, activities based on terms of procedure  
ꢃꢆMIꢃAꢁIꢆꢃ CꢆMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
identification of suitable candidates (male / female) as shareholder representatives on the Norbert Reithofer1  
Supervisory Board to be put forward for inclusion in the Supervisory Board’s proposals for Susanne Klatten  
election at the Annual General Meeting  
Karl-Ludwig Kley  
Stefan Quandt  
establishment in accordance with the recommendation contained in the German Corpo-  
rate Governance Code, activities based on terms of procedure  
(
In line with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance  
Code, the Nomination Committee comprises only shareholder  
representatives.)  
MꢀꢄIAꢁIꢆꢃ CꢆMMIꢁꢁꢀꢀ  
proposal to Supervisory Board if resolution for appointment of Board of Management  
member has not been carried by the necessary two-thirds majority of Supervisory Board Manfred Schoch  
Norbert Reithofer  
members’ votes  
Stefan Quandt  
Stefan Schmid  
committee required by law  
(
In accordance with statutory requirements, the Mediation Committee  
comprises the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
and one member each selected by shareholder representatives and  
employee representatives.)  
1
Chair.  
2
(
Independent) financial expert within the meaning of §§ 100 (5) and 107 (4) AktG, no. 5.3.2 GCGC.  
2
12  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Board of Management succession planning,  
diversity concept  
In accordance with the recommendation of the  
German Corporate Governance Code, the  
Supervisory Board has set a standard age limit  
for Board of Management membership. This  
aims at a retirement age of 60. Consideration is  
also given to achieving an appropriate age mix  
within the Board of Management.  
The Supervisory Board, in collaboration with the  
Personnel Committee and the Board of Management,  
ensures long-term succession planning. In their  
assessment of candidates for Board of Management  
positions, the underlying suitability criteria applied  
by the Supervisory Board are expertise in the relevant  
function, outstanding leadership qualities, proven  
track record and knowledge of the Company. The  
Supervisory Board has adopted a diversity concept  
for the composition of the Board of Management  
which is also aligned with recommendations of the  
German Corporate Governance Code. In considering  
which individuals would best complement the Board  
of Management, the Supervisory Board also takes  
diversity into account. The criteria diversity is taken  
by the Supervisory Board to encompass in particular  
different, mutually complementary profiles, profes-  
sional and life experiences also at the international  
level and an appropriate gender representation. In  
reaching its decisions, the Supervisory Board also  
considers the following:  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
When selecting an individual for a particular Board of  
Management position, the Supervisory Board decides  
in the best interests of the Group and after due con-  
sideration of all relevant circumstances. The Personnel  
Committee takes into account the diversity concept  
described above when selecting candidates, in order  
to ensure that the Board of Management has a diverse  
composition. In the Supervisory Board’s opinion,  
the composition of the Board of Management as at  
31 December 2018 is in line with the defined diversity  
concept. In particular, the Board of Management has  
one female member and the various work, educational  
and life experiences of the members of the Board of  
Management complement each other. For ease of  
comparison with the diversity concept, the curricula  
vitae of members of the Board of Management are  
available on the Internet.  
The members of the Board of Management should  
have a long-standing track record of manage-  
ment experience, ideally with experience in  
different professional fields.  
Composition objectives of the Supervisory Board,  
competency profile, diversity concept  
The Supervisory Board is to be composed in such a way  
that its members collectively possess the knowledge,  
skills and experience required to properly perform  
its tasks.  
At least two members should have international  
management experience.  
At least two members of the Board of Manage-  
ment should have a technical background.  
To this end, the Supervisory Board of BMWAG has  
approved the following objectives for its composition,  
including a competency profile. These objectives also  
describe the concept for achieving diversity in the com-  
position of the Supervisory Board (diversity concept):  
The Board of Management should collectively  
have extensive experience in the fields of devel-  
opment, production, sales and marketing, fi-  
nances and human resources.  
The Supervisory Board has stipulated a target  
for the proportion of women on the Board of  
Management. This is outlined in the section  
Four members of the Supervisory Board should  
if possible have international experience or  
specialist knowledge of one or more non-German  
markets important to the BMW Group.  
Disclosures pursuant to the Act on Equal  
Gender Participation”. The Board of Management  
reports to the Personnel Committee and the  
Supervisory Board at regular intervals on the  
proportion and development of women in  
senior management positions, in particular at  
executive levels.  
2
13  
The Supervisory Board should include if possible  
seven members who have acquired in-depth  
knowledge and experience within the  
BMW Group, though no more than two former  
members of the Board of Management.  
No persons carrying out directorship functions  
or advisory tasks for important competitors of  
the BMW Group may belong to the Supervisory  
Board. In compliance with applicable law, mem-  
bers of the Supervisory Board are to take care  
that no persons will be nominated for election  
for whom a significant, non-temporary conflict  
of interests could arise due to other activities  
and functions carried out by them outside the  
BMW Group, in particular advisory activities  
or directorships with customers, suppliers, credi-  
tors or other business partners.  
Three of the shareholder representatives in the  
Supervisory Board should if possible be entrepre-  
neurs or persons who have previous experience in  
the management or supervision of another  
medium or large-sized company.  
Three members of the Supervisory Board should  
if possible be persons from the fields of business,  
science or research who have experience in areas  
relevant to the BMW Group, for example chem-  
istry, energy supply, information technology, or  
who have specialist knowledge in fields relevant  
for the future of the BMW Group, for example  
customer requirements, mobility, resources or  
sustainability.  
An age limit for membership of the Supervisory  
Board of 70 years is generally to be applied. In  
exceptional cases, members may remain on the  
Board until the end of the next Annual General  
Meeting after reaching the age of 73, in order to  
fulfil legal requirements or to facilitate smooth  
succession in the case of key roles or specialist  
qualifications.  
When seeking qualified individuals for the Super-  
visory Board whose specialist skills and leader-  
ship qualities are most likely to strengthen the  
Board as a whole, consideration is also to be  
given to diversity. When preparing nominations,  
the extent to which the work of the Supervisory  
Board benefits from diversified professional and  
personal backgrounds (including international  
aspects) and from an appropriate gender repre-  
sentation is also to be taken into account. It is  
the joint responsibility of all those participating  
in the nomination and election process to ensure  
that qualified women are considered for Super-  
visory Board membership.  
As a general rule, members of the Supervisory  
Board should not hold office for longer than  
until the end of the Annual General Meeting at  
which the resolution is passed ratifying the  
member’s activities for the 14th financial year  
after the beginning of the member’s first period  
of office. This excludes the financial year in which  
the first period of office began. This rule does  
not apply to natural persons who either directly  
or indirectly hold significant investments in the  
Company. In the Company’s interest, deviation  
from the general maximum period is possible,  
for instance in order to work towards another  
composition target, in particular diversity of  
gender and technical, professional and personal  
backgrounds.  
Of the 20 members of the Supervisory Board at  
least 12 should be independent members within  
the meaning of section 5.4.2 of the German  
Corporate Governance Code, including at least  
six as representatives of the Company’s share-  
holders.  
Two independent members of the Supervisory  
Board should have expert knowledge of account-  
ing or auditing.  
2
14  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
The time schedule set by the Supervisory Board for  
achieving the above-mentioned composition targets is  
the period up to 31 December 2019. The nomination  
committee of the Supervisory Board already takes  
into account the composition targets in its selection  
of potential candidates as representatives of the share-  
holders. This enables diversity in the composition of  
the Supervisory Board and ensures that the Super-  
visory Board collectively possesses the knowledge,  
skills and experience required to properly perform  
its duties. Proposals for nomination made by the  
Supervisory Board to the Annual General Meeting –  
insofar as they apply to shareholder Supervisory Board  
members – should take account of these objectives in  
such a way that they can be achieved with the support  
of the appropriate resolutions of the Annual General  
Meeting. The Annual General Meeting is not bound  
by proposed nominations for election. The voting  
freedom of employees in the vote for the employee  
members of the Supervisory Board is also protected.  
Under the rules stipulated by the German Co-Determi-  
nation Act, the Supervisory Board does not have  
the right to nominate employee representatives for  
election. The objectives which the Supervisory Board  
has set itself with regard to its composition are there-  
fore not intended to be instructions to those entitled  
to vote or restrictions on their voting freedom.  
knowledge in subjects relevant for the future of the  
BMW Group, such as customer requirements, mobility,  
resources, sustainability and information technology.  
For the purpose of assessing the independence of its  
members, the Supervisory Board follows the recom-  
mendations of the German Corporate Governance  
Code. In the opinion of the Supervisory Board, nei-  
ther ownership of a substantial shareholding in the  
Company, or office as an employee representative, or  
previous membership of the Board of Management,  
rules out independence of a Supervisory Board mem-  
ber. A substantial and not merely temporary conflict  
Composition and  
Work Procedures of  
the Supervisory  
Board of BMW AG  
and its Committees  
Disclosures Pursuant  
to the Act on Equal  
Gender Participation –  
Targets for the  
Proportion of Women  
on the Board of  
Management and at  
Executive Manage-  
ment Levels I and II  
of interests within the meaning of section 5.4.2 of  
the German Corporate Governance Code does not  
apply to any of the Supervisory Board members.  
Employees holding office in the Supervisory Board  
are protected by applicable law when performing their  
duties. All other Supervisory Board members have a  
sufficient degree of economic independence from the  
Company. Business with entities in which the mem-  
bers of the Supervisory Board carry out a significant  
function is conducted on an arm’s length basis. The  
Supervisory Board has therefore concluded that all  
of its members are independent. At the end of the  
reporting period these are: Dr.-Ing. Norbert Reithofer,  
Manfred Schoch, Stefan Quandt, Stefan Schmid,  
Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley, Christiane Benner, Dr. Kurt  
Bock, Franz Haniel, Ralf Hattler, Dr.-Ing. Heinrich  
Hiesinger, Prof. Dr. Reinhard Hüttl, Susanne Klatten,  
Prof. Dr. Renate Köcher, Horst Lischka, Willibald Löw,  
Simone Menne, Dr. Dominique Mohabeer, Brigitte  
Rödig, Jürgen Wechsler and Werner Zierer. At least  
three members meet the requirements of an inde-  
pendent financial expert. These are Dr. Kurt Bock,  
Dr. Karl-Ludwig Kley and Simone Menne. At the end  
of the reporting period, the Supervisory Board had six  
female members (30%), comprising three shareholder  
representatives and three employee representatives.  
The Supervisory Board has 14 male members (70%),  
comprising seven shareholder representatives and  
seven employee representatives. The Company there-  
fore complies with the statutory gender quota of at  
least 30% female members applicable in Germany  
since 1 January 2016. At present, no member of the  
Supervisory Board is older than 70 years.  
In the Supervisory Board’s opinion, its composition  
as at 31 December 2018 fulfilled the composition  
objectives detailed above. For ease of comparison  
with composition targets, brief curricula vitae of  
the current members of the Supervisory Board are  
available on the Company’s website at www.bmwgroup.com  
.
Information relating to members’ practised profes-  
sions and mandates in other statutory supervisory  
boards and equivalent national or foreign company  
boards, including the length of periods of service on  
the Supervisory Board, is provided in the section  
Statement on Corporate Governance. Based on this  
information, it is evident that the Supervisory Board of  
BMWAG is highly diversified, with significantly more  
than the targeted four members having international  
experience or specialist knowledge with regard to one  
or more of the non-German markets important to the  
BMW Group. In-depth knowledge and experience  
from within the Company are provided by seven  
employee representatives, as well as the Chairman  
of the Supervisory Board. Only one previous Board of  
Management member holds office in the Supervisory  
Board. At least four members of the Supervisory Board  
have experience in managing another company. The  
Supervisory Board also has three entrepreneurs as  
members. Most of the members of the Supervisory  
Board – including employee representatives – have  
experience in supervising another medium-sized or  
large company. Moreover, more than three members of  
the Supervisory Board have experience and specialist  
2
15  
DISCLOSURES PURSUANT  
TO THE ACT ON EQUAL  
Management level is defined in terms of functional  
level and follows a comprehensive job evaluation  
system based on Mercer.  
GENDER PARTICIPATION –  
TARGETS FOR THE PROPOR-  
TION OF WOMEN ON THE  
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT  
AND AT EXECUTIVE MAN-  
AGEMENT LEVELS I AND II  
roportion of female eꢇecutives within  
management / function levels I and II  
at bMw AG  
80  
in %  
1
5
0
0
8
.0  
7.8  
The Act on Equal Participation of Women and Men  
in Executive Positions in the Private and the Public  
Sector (“Act on Equal Gender Participation”) was  
passed into German law in 2015.  
Function level I  
Function level II  
In accordance with this legislation, the Supervisory  
Board of BMWAG is required to set a target for the  
proportion of women on its Board of Management  
and a time frame for meeting this target. Likewise,  
the Board of Management of BMWAG is required to  
establish targets for the two executive management  
levels below the Board of Management. As its target  
for the Board of Management for the time frame from  
Diversity contributes to greater competitiveness and  
innovation at the BMW Group. Working together in  
mixed, complementary teams raises performance  
levels and increases customer focus. Promoting an  
appropriate gender ratio is seen as an essential com-  
ponent of the BMW Group’s diversity concept. Further  
increasing the proportion of women therefore remains  
an objective of the Board of Management.  
1
January 2017 to 31 December 2020, the Supervisory  
Board has stipulated that the Board of Management  
should continue to have at least one female member.  
Assuming that the Board of Management continues  
to comprise eight members, this would correspond to  
a proportion of at least 12.5%. At 31 December 2018,  
the Board of Management had one female member  
The proportion of women in the workforce as a whole  
increased again during the financial year under report,  
as a result of long-term measures, dialogue and infor-  
mation events. Further information on the topic of  
diversity within the BMW Group can be found in the  
section “Workforce”.  
(
12.5%). The Supervisory Board considers it desirable  
to increase the proportion of women on the Board of  
Management and fully supports the Board of Man-  
agement’s endeavours to increase the proportion of  
women at the highest executive management levels  
within the BMW Group.  
For the time frame from 1 January 2017 to 31 Decem-  
ber 2020, the Board of Management has set a target  
range of 10.2% to 12.0% for the first level of execu-  
tive management and 8% to 10% for the second. At  
1 December 2018, the proportion of women within  
3
the first executive management level stood at 8.0%  
and at 7.8% within the second.  
2
16  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
INFORMATION ON  
Social responsibility towards employees and  
along the supplier chain  
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE  
PRACTICES APPLIED  
BEYOND MANDATORY  
REQUIREMENTS  
The BMW Group stands by its social responsibilities.  
Our corporate culture combines the drive for success  
with openness, trust and transparency. We are well  
aware of our responsibility towards society. Socially  
sustainable human resource policies and compliance  
with social standards are based on various interna-  
tionally recognised guidelines. The BMW Group is  
committed to the OECD’s guidelines for multinational  
companies and the contents of the ICC Business  
Charter for Sustainable Development. Details of the  
contents of these guidelines and other relevant infor-  
Information on Cor-  
porate Governance  
Practices Applied  
Beyond Mandatory  
Requirements  
Core vaꢊues and ꢋrincipꢊes of Action  
Within the BMW Group, the Board of Management,  
the Supervisory Board and the employees base their  
actions on five core values which are the cornerstone  
of the success of the BMW Group:  
mation can be found at www.oecd.org and  
www.iccwbo.org  
and www.ohchr.org. The Board of Management signed  
the United Nations Global Compact in 2001 and, in  
2005, together with employee representatives, issued  
a Joint Declaration on Human Rights and Working  
Conditions in the BMW Group. This Joint Declaration  
was reconfirmed in 2010. With the signature of these  
documents, we have given our commitment to abide  
worldwide by internationally recognised human rights  
and the fundamental working standards of the Inter-  
national Labour Organization (ILO). These include  
in particular freedom of employment, the principle  
of non-discrimination, freedom of association and  
the right to collective bargaining, the prohibition of  
child labour, appropriate remuneration, regulated  
working times and compliance with work and safety  
regulations. In 2018 we published the BMW Codex  
on Human Rights and Working Conditions, which  
supplements the Declaration on Human Rights and  
Working Conditions from 2010. The Codex is based  
on a diligence process, which allows the BMW Group  
to identify relevant aspects and define measures. It  
reinforces attention to the consideration of human  
rights and clarifies how the BMW Group promotes  
human rights and implements the ILO Core Labour  
Conventions globally in its business activity.  
Responsibility  
We take consistent decisions and commit to them  
personally. This allows us to work freely and more  
effectively.  
Appreciation  
We reflect on our actions, respect each other, offer  
clear feedback and celebrate success.  
Transparency  
We acknowledge concerns and identify inconsisten-  
cies in a constructive way. We act with integrity.  
ꢁrust  
We trust and rely on each other. This is essential if we  
are to act swiftly and achieve our goals.  
ꢆpenness  
We are excited by change and open to new opportu-  
nities. We learn from our mistakes.  
The complete text of the UN Global Compact and  
the recommendations of the ILO and other relevant  
information can be found at  
www.unglobalcompact.org and  
www.ilo.org. The Joint Declaration on Human Rights  
and Working Conditions in the BMW Group can  
be found at  
www.bmwgroup.com under the menu items  
Downloads” and “Responsibility”.  
2
17  
For the BMW Group, worldwide compliance of these  
fundamental principles and rights is self-evident.  
Since 2005 employees’ awareness of this issue has  
therefore been raised by means of regular internal  
communications and training on recent developments  
in this area. The “Compliance Contact” helpline  
and the BMW Group SpeakUP Line are available to  
employees wishing to raise queries or complaints  
relating to human rights issues. With effect from 2016  
,
human rights have been incorporated as an integral  
component of the BMW Group’s worldwide Compli-  
ance Management System, representing a further step  
in the systematic implementation of the UN Guiding  
Principles on Business and Human Rights.  
Further information on social responsibility towards  
employees can be found in the section “Workforce”.  
Sustainable business management can only be  
effective, however, if it covers the entire value-added  
chain. That is why the BMW Group not only sets high  
standards for itself, but also expects its suppliers and  
partners to meet the ecological and social standards it  
sets and strives continually to improve the efficiency  
of processes, measures and activities. For instance,  
we consistently require our dealers and importers  
to comply with ecological and social standards on a  
contractual basis. Moreover, corresponding criteria  
are embedded throughout the entire purchasing  
system – including in enquiries to suppliers, in the  
sector-wide OEM Sustainability Questionnaire, in our  
purchasing terms and in our evaluation of suppli-  
ers – in order to promote sustainability aspects in  
line with the BMW Group Sustainability Standard.  
The BMW Group expects suppliers to ensure that  
the BMW Group’s sustainability criteria are also  
adhered to by their sub-suppliers. A spot check of  
supplier facilities is conducted with sustainability  
audits and assessments. In 2017, the Human Rights  
Contact Supply Chain was established for reporting of  
sustainability infringements in the supply chain. Pur-  
chasing terms and conditions and other information  
relating to purchasing can be found in the publicly  
available section of the BMW Group Partner Portal  
at  
https://b2b.bmw.com.  
We also work in close partnership with our suppliers  
and promote their commitment to sustainability.  
2
18  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
COMPLIANCE IN THE  
BMW GROUP  
BMW Group ꢃompliance Management System  
• 81  
Compliance in the  
BMW Group  
Supervisory Board BMWAG  
board of Management bMwAG  
bMw Group Compꢊiance Committee  
Annual  
Report  
Responsible and lawful conduct is fundamental to the  
success of the BMW Group. It is an integral part of  
our corporate culture and the reason why customers,  
shareholders, business partners and the general public  
place their trust in us. The Board of Management and  
the employees of the BMW Group are obliged to act  
responsibly and in compliance with applicable laws and  
regulations. The BMW Group also expects its business  
partners to conduct themselves in the same manner.  
Annual  
Report  
bMw Group Compꢊiance Committee  
ꢆffice  
Annual  
Compliance  
Reporting Run  
ꢃompany-wide ꢃompliance  
ꢂetwork  
In order to protect itself systematically against legal  
and reputational risks, the Board of Management  
created a Compliance Committee several years ago,  
mandated to establish a Compliance Management  
System throughout the BMW Group.  
Compꢊiance Instruments  
of the bMw Group  
The BMW Group Compliance Management System  
consists of a coordinated set of instruments and topics  
designed to ensure that the BMW Group, its repre-  
sentative bodies, its managers and staff act in a lawful  
manner. Particular emphasis is placed on measures to  
ensure compliance with antitrust legislation and avoid  
the risk of corruption or money laundering.  
Compliance Controls  
Compliance Reporting  
Compliance Strategy  
Legal Compliance  
Monitoring and Trends  
Compliance  
Risks and  
Preventive Efforts  
Compliance Case  
Management  
Compliance Processes  
and IT Systems  
Internal Rules  
and Regulations  
The BMW Group Compliance Committee comprises  
the heads of the following departments: Legal Affairs,  
Corporate and Governmental Affairs, Corporate  
Audit, Group Reporting, Organisational Development  
and Corporate Human Resources. It manages and  
monitors activities necessary to avoid non-compliance  
with the law, including, for example, legal monitoring,  
internal compliance regulations, communications and  
training activities, complaint and case management,  
compliance reporting, compliance controls and follow-  
ing through with sanctions in cases of non-compliance.  
Compliance Academy and Culture  
Compliance Communication  
The Board of Management keeps track of and analyses  
compliance-related developments and trends on  
the basis of the Group’s compliance reporting and  
input from the BMW Group Compliance Committee.  
Measures to improve the Compliance Management  
System are initiated on the basis of identified  
requirements.  
The BMW Group Compliance Committee reports  
regularly to the Board of Management on all compli-  
ance-related issues, including the progress made in  
refining the BMW Group Compliance Management  
System, details of investigations performed, known  
infringements of the law, sanctions imposed and cor-  
rectiveꢀ/ꢀpreventative measures implemented. This also  
ensures that the Board of Management is immediately  
notified of any cases of particular significance.  
The Chairman of the BMW Group Compliance  
Committee keeps the Audit Committee (which is  
part of the Supervisory Board) informed on the  
current status of compliance activities within the  
BMW Group as well as relevant proceedings both on  
a regular and a case-by-case basis as the need arises.  
2
19  
The decisions taken by the BMW Group Compliance  
Committee are drafted in concept and implemented  
operationally by the BMW Group Compliance Com-  
mittee Office. The BMW Group Compliance Commit-  
tee Office comprises 19 employees and is allocated in  
organisational terms to the Chairman of the Board of  
Management.  
Compliance measures are determined and priori-  
tised on the basis of a group-wide compliance risk  
assessment that is updated annually. In 2018, this was  
further refined to create a Compliance Risk and Per-  
formance Management Concept, which supports the  
recognition of compliance risks and the identification  
of appropriate preventative IT measures. Through the  
function Compliance Coordination in the Financial  
Services segment the specific Compliance risks of  
the segment are taken into consideration. Measures  
are realised with the aid of a regionally structured  
compliance management team covering all parts  
of the BMW Group, which oversees a network of  
around 240 compliance responsibles with 77 local  
compliance functions.  
The BMW Group Compliance Committee Office is  
supported by local compliance functions, especially  
in connection with operational implementation of  
compliance topics. Installation of 77 local compliance  
functions was completed in 2018. Their activities  
follow a standardised management process with  
clearly defined tasks and responsibilities. The heads  
of these functions serve as the Compliance Officer  
for the respective organisational unit.  
Training plays an important role in reinforcing com-  
pliance in the corporate culture. In 2018, training  
management for online training in Compliance  
Essentials and Antitrust Compliance, both available  
in German and English, was switched to a central  
training platform. These training modules must be  
repeated by the required target groups every two  
years and include a final test. Successful completion  
of the test is confirmed by a certificate.  
The various elements of the BMW Group Compli-  
ance Management System are shown in the dia-  
gram on the previous page and are applicable to all  
BMW Group organisational units worldwide. The  
BMW Group Legal Compliance Code forms the core  
of the Group’s Compliance Management System,  
spelling out the Board of Management’s commitment  
to compliance as a joint responsibility (“tone from  
the top”). The Code also explains the significance  
of legal compliance and provides an overview of  
the various areas of relevance for the BMW Group.  
It is available both as a printed brochure in German  
and English and for download. In addition, trans-  
lations into 11 other languages are available in the  
BMW Group intranet.  
More than 44,000 managers and staff worldwide have  
so far received training in the basic principles of  
compliance and are in possession of a valid training  
certificate. Successful completion of the training pro-  
gramme is mandatory for all BMW Group managers.  
Appropriate processes are in place to ensure that  
all newly recruited managers and promoted staff  
undergo compliance training and repeat it every two  
years. In this way, the BMW Group ensures nearly  
full training coverage for its managers in compliance  
matters.  
The BMW Group Legal Compliance Code is supple-  
mented by a whole range of internal policies,  
guidelines and instructions, which in part reflect  
applicable legislation. The BMW Group Policy “Cor-  
ruption Prevention” and the BMW Group Instruc-  
tion “Corporate Hospitality and Gifts” deserve  
particular mention: these documents deal with  
lawful handling of gifts and benefits and define  
appropriate assessment criteria and approval pro-  
cedures. The BMW Group Policy “Antitrust Com-  
pliance” establishes binding rules of conduct for  
all employees across the BMW Group to prevent  
unlawful restriction of competition.  
Online training in antitrust compliance was restruc-  
tured in 2018. This training is also mandatory for  
managers and staff whose functions or assignments  
expose them to antitrust risks. A total of 22,000 man-  
agers and associates worldwide have so far completed  
antitrust compliance training and currently hold a  
valid certificate.  
Additional classroom training was also offered for key  
compliance topics. The main emphasis here was on  
providing training in antitrust law for employees who  
participate in meetings with competitors or work with  
suppliers or sales partners.  
2
20  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Additional compliance coaching was also imple-  
mented for international sales and financial ser-  
vice companies in local markets. These multi-day  
classroom seminars strengthen the understanding  
of compliance in selected organisational units  
and enhance cooperation between the central  
BMW Group Compliance Committee Office and  
decentralised compliance functions. In 2018, market  
coaching was conducted in Australia, Austria, Brazil,  
Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy,  
the Netherlands, New Zealand, Russia, Singapore,  
Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand and the US.  
Managers were the main focus of additional training  
on the topic of compliance culture, including how to  
be a good role model, management style and dealing  
with contradictions and crises.  
Compliance in the  
BMW Group  
In addition to these communication measures, appro-  
priate IT systems also support BMW Group employees  
with the assessment, approval and documentation of  
compliance-relevant matters.  
For example, since 2017, all exchange activities with  
competitors must be documented and approved  
in a special compliance IT system. All employees  
have access to IT tools to help them verify the legal  
admissibility of and document benefits, especially in  
connection with corporate hospitality.  
Any member of staff with questions or concerns  
relating to compliance is expected to discuss these  
matters with their managers and with the relevant  
departments within the BMW Group: in particular  
with Legal Affairs, Corporate Audit and Corporate  
Security. The BMW Group Compliance Contact serves  
as a further point of contact for both employees and  
non-employees for any questions regarding compli-  
ance. Non-employees may also use this reporting  
system. This communication may remain anonymous,  
if preferred.  
The BMW Group also uses an IT-based Business Rela-  
tions Compliance programme aimed at ensuring the  
reliability of its business relations. Relevant business  
partners are checked and evaluated with a view to  
identifying potential compliance risks. These proce-  
dures are particularly relevant for relations with sales  
partners and service providers, such as agencies and  
consultants. Depending on the results of the evalua-  
tion, appropriate measures – such as communication  
measures, training and possible monitoring – are  
implemented to manage compliance risks.  
Employees also have the opportunity to submit infor-  
mation about possible breaches of the law within the  
Company – anonymously and confidentially – via  
the BMW Group SpeakUP Line. The BMW Group  
SpeakUP Line is available in a total of 34 languages  
and can be reached via local toll-free numbers in all  
countries where BMW Group employees are engaged  
in activities.  
The IT system used to verify customer integrity has  
been expanded and has so far been introduced in  
56 organisational units under enhanced anti-money  
laundering measures.  
All compliance-related queries and concerns are  
documented and followed up by the BMW Group  
Compliance Committee Office using an electronic  
Case Management System. If necessary, Corporate  
Audit, Corporate Security, the legal departments or  
the Works Council may be called upon to assist in  
the investigation process.  
Through the group-wide reporting system, compli-  
ance responsibles across all organisational units  
of the BMW Group report on compliance-relevant  
issues to the Compliance Committee on a regular  
basis, and, if necessary, also on an ad hoc basis. This  
includes reporting on the compliance status of the  
relevant organisational units, on identified legal  
risks and incidences of non-compliance, as well as  
on sanctions and correctiveꢀ/ꢀpreventative measures  
implemented.  
Various internal channels and means of communi-  
cation, including newsletters, employee newspapers  
and intranet portals, are used to keep BMW Group  
employees fully up-to-date with the instruments  
and measures used by the Compliance Management  
System. The central communications channel is  
the compliance website within the BMW Group’s  
intranet, where employees can find compliance-  
related information and training materials in both  
German and English. The website contains a special  
service area where various practical tools are made  
available to employees to help them deal with typical  
compliance-related situations. A group-wide com-  
munications campaign was implemented in 2018  
to boost employee awareness of the importance  
of creating a culture of transparency and trust.  
2
21  
Compliance with and implementation of the com-  
pliance rules and processes are audited regularly  
by Corporate Audit and subjected to control checks  
by Corporate Security and the BMW Group Compli-  
ance Committee Office. As part of its regular activi-  
ties, Corporate Audit carries out on-site audits. The  
BMW Group Compliance Committee also engages  
Corporate Audit to perform compliance-specific  
checks. In addition, a BMW Group Compliance Spot  
Check, a sample test specifically designed to identify  
potential corruption risks, was carried out in 2018.  
Antitrust Compliance Validation was another new  
measure introduced in 2018 to identify and audit  
possible antitrust risks at the Company. Compliance  
control activities are coordinated by the BMW Group  
Panel Compliance Controls. Any necessary follow-up  
measures are organised by the BMW Group Compli-  
ance Committee Office.  
was updated in 2010. This was followed by systematic  
introduction and continuous upgrading of measures  
to protect human rights. These measures, which were  
already firmly established within the organisation,  
were integrated into the BMW Group’s group-wide  
Compliance Management System in 2016. A group-  
wide human rights compliance assessment was  
conducted in 2017. In the year under review, the  
BMW Group published its Code on Human Rights  
and Working Conditions, which clarifies how the  
Joint Declaration on Human Rights and Working  
Conditions at the BMW Group from 2010 should be  
implemented. The Code confirms the BMW Group’s  
commitment to human rights and outlines how the  
Company promotes human rights and implements  
the core labour standards of the ILO.  
Compliance is also an important factor in safeguard-  
ing the future of the BMW Group workforce. With  
this in mind, the Board of Management and the  
national and international employee representative  
bodies of the BMW Group have agreed on a binding  
set of Joint Principles for Lawful Conduct. In doing  
so, all parties involved made a commitment to the  
principles contained in the BMW Group Legal Com-  
pliance Code and to trustful cooperation in all matters  
relating to compliance. Employee representatives are  
therefore regularly involved in the process of refining  
compliance measures within the BMW Group.  
Managers, in particular, bear a high degree of respon  
-
sibility and must set a good example with regard to  
preventing infringements. Managers throughout the  
BMW Group acknowledge this principle by signing  
a written declaration, in which they also undertake  
to inform staff working for them of the content and  
significance of the Legal Compliance Code, to convey  
the values it embodies and make employees aware  
of legal risks. Managers must, at regular intervals  
and on their own initiative, verify compliance with  
the law and communicate with staff on this issue. It  
is important to signal to employees that they take  
compliance risks seriously and that relevant infor-  
mation is extremely valuable. In their dealings with  
staff members, managers remain open to discussion  
and listen to differing opinions. Any indication of  
non-compliance with the law must be rigorously  
investigated.  
To ensure that the BMW Group complies with regu-  
lations relating to insider information, the Board  
of Management appointed an Ad-hoc Committee  
back in 1994, consisting of representatives of various  
specialist departments, whose members determine  
whether information displays the characteristics  
of publishable insider information and handle the  
publication and legal notices required by law. All  
persons who perform duties on behalf of BMW AG  
and have access to insider information are included  
in an insider list and informed of the duties arising  
from insider rules.  
It is essential for compliance in the BMW Group that  
employees are aware of and comply with applicable  
legal regulations. The BMW Group does not toler-  
ate violations of the law by its employees. Culpable  
violations of the law result in employment-contract  
sanctions and may involve personal liability conse-  
quences for the employee involved.  
The BMW Group is committed to respecting interna-  
tionally recognised human rights, as set out in the  
ten principles of the UN Global Compact and the  
ILO Core Labour Conventions. The Company’s due  
diligence process is geared towards the UN Guiding  
Principles on Business and Human Rights, focusing  
on topics and areas of activity where it can leverage  
its influence as a commercial enterprise.  
The BMW Group stated its position clearly back in  
2
005, with the Joint Declaration on Human Rights  
and Working Conditions at the BMW Group, which  
2
22  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Share-based compensation programmes for  
employees and members of the Board of  
Under the terms of the Employee Share Programme,  
in 2017 employees were entitled to acquire packages  
Management  
of  
with a discount of €ꢀ20  
compared to the market price (average closing price  
in Xetra trading during the period from to Novem-  
7
,
12 or 17 shares of non-voting preferred stock  
Compliance in the  
BMW Group  
Three share-based remuneration schemes were  
in place at BMWAG during the year under report,  
namely the Employee Share Programme (under which  
entitled employees of BMWAG have been able to  
participate in the enterprise’s success since 1989 in  
the form of non-voting shares of preferred stock), a  
share-based remuneration programme for Board of  
Management members, and a share-based remuner-  
ation programme for senior heads of department  
.
00 2017: €ꢀ20 00) per share  
(
.
Compensation  
Report  
5
8
ber 2018: €ꢀ66.26). All employees of BMWAG and  
its (directly or indirectly) wholly owned German  
subsidiaries (if agreed to by the directors of those  
entities) were entitled to participate in the programme.  
Employees were required to have been in an uninter-  
rupted employment relationship with BMWAG or the  
relevant subsidiary for at least one year at the date  
on which the allocation for the year was announced.  
Shares of preferred stock acquired in conjunction  
with the Employee Share Programme are subject to  
a blocking period of four years, starting from 1 Janu-  
ary of the year in which the employees acquired the  
(
relating in both cases to shares of common stock).  
The share-based remuneration programme for Board  
of Management members is described in detail in  
the Compensation Report (see also the “Share-based  
remuneration” section in the Compensation Report  
and note 41 to the Group Financial Statements).  
see  
note 41  
shares. A total of 521,524 (2017: 491,114) shares of  
The share-based remuneration programme for qual-  
ifying heads of department, introduced with effect  
for financial years beginning after 1 January 2012, is  
closely based on the programme for Board of Manage-  
ment members and is aimed at rewarding a long-term,  
entrepreneurial approach to running the business on  
a sustainable basis.  
preferred stock were acquired by employees under the  
programme in 2018; 521,500 (2017: 491,000) of these  
shares were drawn from Authorised Capital 2014, the  
remainder were acquired via the stock exchange or as  
a result of cancelled employee purchases relating to  
the previous year. Every year the Board of Mana-  
gement of BMW AG decides whether the scheme is  
to be continued. Further information is provided in  
notes 31 and 41 to the Group Financial Statements.  
Under the terms of the programme, participants give  
see  
notes  
1 and 41  
a commitment to invest an amount equivalent to 20  
%
3
of their performance-based bonus in BMW common  
stock and to hold the shares so acquired for a mini-  
mum of four years. In return for this commitment,  
BMWAG pays 100% of the investment amount as a net  
subsidy. Once the four-year holding period require-  
ment has been fulfilled, the participants receive – for  
each three common stock shares held and at the  
Company’s option – one further share of common  
stock or the equivalent amount in cash.  
2
23  
COMPENSATION REPORT  
PART OF THE COMBINED  
MANAGEMENT REPORT)  
compensation. It also ensures that variable compo-  
nents based on multi-year criteria take account of  
both positive and negative developments and that  
the overall incentive is on the long term. As a general  
rule, targets and comparative parameters may not  
be changed retrospectively. In connection with the  
revised compensation system for the Board of Manage-  
ment (see the section Revised Board of Management  
compensation system for financial years from 2018  
onwards), the targets originally set for the variable  
compensation components for the financial years 2018  
and 2019 were revoked exceptionally and replaced  
by the more ambitious targets stipulated in the new  
compensation system applicable from 2018 onwards.  
The Supervisory Board reviews the appropriateness  
of the compensation system annually. In preparation,  
the Personnel Committee also consults remuneration  
studies. In order to check that the compensation sys-  
tem is in line with peers, the Supervisory Board com-  
pares compensation paid by other DAX companies.  
For a vertical view, it compares Board compensation  
with the salaries of executive managers and with the  
average salaries of employees of BMWAG based in  
Germany, also with regard to the development over  
time. Recommendations made by an independent  
external remuneration expert and suggestions made  
by investors and analysts are also considered in the  
consultative process.  
(
The following section describes the principles governing  
the compensation of the Board of Management for  
financial years from 2018 onwards. A description of the  
stipulations set out in the statutes relating to the com-  
pensation of the Supervisory Board is also provided.  
In addition to explaining the system of compensation,  
details of components of compensation are also pro-  
vided with figures. Furthermore, the compensation of  
each individual member of the Board of Management  
and the Supervisory Board for the financial year 2018  
is disclosed with its component parts.  
1
. board of Management compensation  
ꢈesponsiꢇiꢊities  
The full Supervisory Board is responsible for deter-  
mining and regularly reviewing Board of Management  
compensation. The preparation for these tasks is  
undertaken by the Supervisory Board’s Personnel  
Committee.  
ꢈevised board of Management compensation  
ꢋrincipꢊes of compensation  
system for financial years from 2018 onwards  
The compensation system for the Board of Management  
at BMWAG is designed to encourage a management  
approach focused on the sustainable development of  
the BMW Group. A further principle of the compen-  
sation system at the BMW Group is that of consistency.  
This means that compensation systems for the Board  
of Management, senior management and employees  
of BMWAG are composed of similar elements. The  
Supervisory Board performs an annual review to  
ensure that all Board of Management compensation  
components are appropriate, individually and in total,  
and do not encourage the Board of Management to take  
inappropriate risks for the BMW Group. At the same  
time, the compensation model used for the Board of  
Management needs to be attractive for highly qualified  
executives in a competitive environment.  
In December 2017, the Supervisory Board resolved  
to revise the compensation system for financial years  
from 2018 onwards. A focus was to align the remu-  
neration structure even more strongly on sustainable  
corporate development. The base salary, which had  
remained at the same level since 1 January 2012, was  
raised. The bonus was revised, both in terms of its  
structure and the target setting. Target values for the  
parameters Group net profit and post-tax return on  
sales used to determine the earnings-related bonus  
were adjusted in line with the Group’s current business  
plan and revised. A new multi-year and future-ori-  
ented component was introduced in the form of a  
performance cash plan, in order to further strengthen  
the long-term orientation of the compensation system.  
The overall upper limits are unchanged. The changes  
apply to all members of the Board of Management  
for financial years with effect from 1 January 2018.  
The compensation of members of the Board of Man-  
agement is determined by the full Supervisory Board  
on the basis of performance criteria and after taking  
into account any remuneration received from Group  
companies. The principal performance criteria are  
the tasks and exercise of mandate of the member of  
the Board of Management, the economic situation as  
well as the performance and future prospects of the  
BMW Group. The Supervisory Board sets ambitious  
and relevant parameters as the basis for variable  
2
24  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢃompensation system, compensation components  
Board of Management compensation comprises fixed  
and variable cash elements as well as a share-based  
component. The compensation components are  
described in more detail below. Retirement benefits  
remained unchanged in the revised compensation  
system applicable from 1 January 2018.  
ꢅixed remuneration  
Fixed remuneration consists of a base salary, which is  
paid monthly, and fringe benefits (other remuneration  
elements such as the use of Company cars, insurance  
premiums and contributions towards security sys-  
tems). With effect from the financial year 2018, the  
Compensation  
Report  
base salary is €ꢀ  
during the first period of office, €ꢀ  
0
.
8
million p.ꢀa. for a Board member  
95 million p.ꢀa. for  
0
.
a Board member from the second period of office or  
the fourth year of mandate and €ꢀ1.8 million p.ꢀa. for  
the Chairman of the Board of Management.  
ꢄverview of compensation system for financial  
year 2018: simplified depiction of allocation to  
cash benefits (target compensation) and pension  
1
contributionꢀ  
Variaꢇꢊe remuneration  
The variable remuneration of the Board of Manage-  
ment comprises three components:  
82  
in %  
bonus  
 Performance Cash Plan and  
 share-based remuneration  
Payment of a discretionary additional bonus is not fore-  
seen. An upper limit has been set for each component of  
variable remuneration (see Overview of compensation  
system and compensation components).  
Pension contribution  
approx. 8  
Base salary  
approx. 27  
Share-based  
remuneration  
approx. 14  
Earn-  
ings-based  
component of  
the bonus  
Performance  
Cash Plan  
approx. 24  
approx. 8  
Performance component  
of the bonus approx. 19  
1
Simplified depiction of target amounts for the variable cash remuneration of the Chairman  
of the Board of Management. Excludes other remuneration. Based on the assumption that  
the share price remains unchanged for the calculation of the matching component.  
ꢄverview of compensation system: simplified  
depiction of variaꢇꢊe remuneration (target  
2
compensation)ꢀ  
83  
in %  
Share-based remuneration  
approx. 22  
Earnings-based  
component  
of the bonus  
approx. 12  
Performance  
component  
of the bonus  
approx. 29  
Performance  
Cash Plan  
approx. 37  
2
Simplified depiction of target amounts for the variable cash remuneration of the Chairman  
of the Board of Management. Excludes basic salary, other remuneration and pension  
contribution. Based on the assumption that the share price remains unchanged for the  
calculation of the matching component.  
2
25  
bonus  
were below €ꢀ3 billion or the post-tax return on sales  
below 3%, the earnings factor would be zero. In this  
case, an earnings-related component would not be paid.  
The maximum value of the earnings factor is reached  
in the event of a Group net profit of €ꢀ11 billion and a  
post-tax return on sales of 9%. In exceptional circum-  
stances, for instance major acquisitions or disposals,  
the Supervisory Board may adjust the earnings factor.  
In the case of 100% target achievement, the bonus  
comprises an earnings-related component of 30% and  
performance-related component of 70%. The target  
bonus (100%) is €0.85 million p.ꢀa. for a Board member  
during the first period of office, €ꢀ1.0 million p.ꢀa.  
from the second period of office or the fourth year  
of mandate and €ꢀ1.8 million p.ꢀa. for the Chairman  
of the Board of Management. For all Board members,  
the upper limit of the bonus is set at 180% of the  
relevant target bonus.  
The performance-related component is calculated  
using a performance factor which the Supervisory  
Board sets for each member of the Board of Manage-  
ment and which is multiplied by 70% of the target  
bonus amount. The Supervisory Board sets the perfor-  
mance factor on the basis of a detailed evaluation of  
the contribution made by Board members to sustainable  
and long-term business development over a period of  
at least three financial years. The evaluation by the  
Supervisory Board is based on predefined criteria that  
take into account the Group’s long-term success, the  
interests of shareholders, the interests of employees  
and social responsibility.  
In order to calculate the earnings-related component,  
an earnings factor is determined on the basis of the  
target parameters and multiplied by 30% of the target  
bonus amount. The level of the earnings-related com-  
ponent depends on the degree to which the targets  
set by the Supervisory Board for Group net profit and  
post-tax return on sales are achieved. The degree of  
achievement is expressed in an earnings factor. The  
underlying measurement values are determined in  
advance for a period of three financial years and may  
not be changed retrospectively. The earnings factor is  
capped at a maximum of 1.8.  
The criteria include in particular innovation (economic  
and ecological, for example in the reduction of carbon  
dioxide emissions), the Group’s market position  
compared to its competitors, customer focus, ability  
to adapt, leadership, corporate culture, promotion of  
compliance and integrity, contribution to the Group’s  
attractiveness as an employer, progress in implement-  
ing the diversity concept, and activities that foster  
corporate social responsibility. The individual perfor-  
An earnings factor of  
1
.
0
would give rise to a earnings-  
related component of €ꢀ0.255 million for a Board member  
in the first period of office, €ꢀ0.3 million from the  
second period of office or the fourth year of mandate  
and €ꢀ  
Management. The earnings factor is 1.0, for instance,  
in the event of a Group net profit of €ꢀ billion and a  
%. If the Group net profit  
0.54 million for the Chairman of the Board of  
5.3  
post-tax return on sales of  
5.6  
mance factor lies between zero and a maximum of 1.8.  
Bonus overview  
84  
AꢈꢃIꢃGS CꢆMꢋꢆꢃꢀꢃꢁ bꢆꢃꢂS  
ꢋꢀꢈꢅꢆꢈMAꢃCꢀ CꢆMꢋꢆꢃꢀꢃꢁ  
ꢁꢆꢁAl  
+
=
Earnings factor  
x 0.3 of target amount  
Performance factor  
x 0.7 of target amount  
Cash payment  
Capped at 180 %  
of target amount  
Basis for earnings factor:  
Basis for performance factor:  
Group net profit  
Contribution to sustainable and long-term  
business development over a period of  
at least three financial years  
Group post-tax return on sales  
Value between 0 and 1.8  
Qualitative, mainly non-financial parameters  
Value between 0 and 1.8  
2
26  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢋerformance Cash ꢋꢊan  
In order to determine the multi-year earnings factor,  
an earnings factor is calculated for each year of the  
three-year evaluation period and an average is then  
calculated for the evaluation period. As for the earn-  
ings-related component of the bonus, the earnings  
factor for each individual year within the evaluation  
period is determined on the basis of Group net profit  
and post-tax return on sales for the relevant year.  
With effect from the financial year 2018, variable cash  
compensation includes a multi-year and future-oriented  
Performance Cash Plan (PCP). The PCP is calculated at  
the end of a three-year evaluation period, by multi-  
plying a predefined target amount by a factor that  
is based on multi-year target achievement (the PCP  
factor). PCP entitlements are paid in cash. The PCP  
target amount (100%) amounts to €ꢀ0.85 million p.ꢀa.  
for a Board member in the first period of office,  
Compensation  
Report  
The maximum earnings factor is 1.8. The underlying  
measurement values are determined in advance for  
a period of three financial years and may not be  
changed retrospectively.  
0
.
95 million p.ꢀa. from the second period of office  
or the fourth year of mandate and €ꢀ million p.ꢀa.  
1.6  
for the Chairman of the Board of Management. The  
maximum amount that can be paid to a Board member  
is capped at 180% of the PCP target amount p.ꢀa.  
In addition to the multi-year earnings factor, the  
Supervisory Board also determines a multi-year  
performance factor after the end of the evaluation  
period. To this end, the Supervisory Board takes  
account of in particular the business development  
during the evaluation period, the forecast trend in the  
business development for subsequent years, the Board  
member’s individual contribution to profitability and  
the status of compliance within the Board member’s  
area of responsibility. The multi-year performance  
factor can be between 0.9 and 1.1.  
The PCP evaluation period comprises three years, the  
grant year and the two subsequent years. The PCP is  
paid out after the end of the three-year evaluation period.  
In order to determine the PCP factor, a multi-year  
earnings factor is multiplied by a multi-year perfor-  
mance factor. The PCP factor is capped at a maximum  
of 1.8.  
erformance ꢃash ꢁlan overview  
85  
AꢈGꢀꢁ AMꢆꢂꢃꢁ  
ꢋCꢋ ꢅACꢁꢆꢈ  
CASꢉ ꢋAyMꢀꢃꢁ  
x
x
=
Cash payment at end of evaluation period  
Capped at 180 % of target amount  
ꢃꢁ factor overview  
86  
MꢂlꢁI-yꢀAꢈ ꢀAꢈꢃIꢃGS ꢅACꢁꢆꢈ  
MꢂlꢁI-yꢀAꢈ ꢋꢀꢈꢅꢆꢈMAꢃCꢀ ꢅACꢁꢆꢈ  
ꢋCꢋ ꢅACꢁꢆꢈ  
=
Average earnings factor  
Measurement based on  
multi-year performance factor:  
Based on Group net profit and  
Group post-tax return on sales  
Trend in business development  
Value between 0 and 1.8  
Status of compliance in each Board member’s  
area of responsibility  
Individual contribution to profitability  
Forecast trend in business development  
Value between 0.9 and 1.1  
2
27  
Members of the Board of Management receive advance  
payments out of the Performance Cash Plan 2018 and  
the Performance Cash Plan 2019 in the years 2019  
and 2020. At the end of evaluation period, the advance  
payment will be set off or refunded, depending on the  
amount then determined. The advance payment for  
each year is €ꢀ0.5 million for a Board member in the  
ꢆther  
In the event of death or invalidity, special rules apply for  
early payment of performance cash plans and share-  
based remuneration components based on the target  
amounts. Insofar the service contract is prematurely  
terminated and the Company has an extraordinary  
right of termination, or if the Board member resigns  
without the Company’s agreement, entitlements to  
amounts as yet unpaid relating to performance cash  
plans and share-based remuneration are forfeited.  
first period of office and €ꢀ0.6 million from the second  
period of office or the fourth year of mandate. For the  
Chairman of the Board of Management the amount  
is €ꢀ0.9 million p.ꢀa.  
A one-year post-contractual non-competition clause  
has been agreed with Board members under specified  
circumstances. During that one-year period, the for-  
mer Board member is entitled to receive monthly  
compensation equivalent to 60% of his or her pre-  
vious monthly basic remuneration, reduced by any  
amount of other income exceeding 40% of the basic  
remuneration. The Company may unilaterally waive  
the requirement to comply with the post-contractual  
non-competition clause.  
Share-ꢇased remuneration  
Members of the Board of Management receive a cash  
compensation (investment component) for the specific  
purpose of investment after tax and contributions in  
BMWAG common stock. For financial years from 2018  
onwards, the investment component corresponds to  
45% of the gross bonus. Shares of common stock pur-  
chased in this way by Board members are required to  
be held for a period of four years.  
At the end of the holding period, Board members receive  
from the Company, as previously, for every three shares  
of common stock held, either one additional share of  
common stock or the cash equivalent, to be decided  
at the Company’s discretion (matching component).  
Upper limits have been defined for both the invest-  
ment component and the matching component (see  
Overview of compensation system and compensation  
components).  
2
28  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢄverview of compensation system and compensation  
components  
Compensation  
Report  
Component  
Parameter / measurement base  
BASE SALARY ꢁ.ꢀA.  
Member of the Board of Management:  
€0.80 million (1st period of office)  
€0.95 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
Chairman of the Board of Management:  
€1.80 million  
VAꢈIAblꢀ ꢈꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢈAꢁIꢆꢃ  
Bonus  
Target amount p.a. (at 100 % target achievement):  
(
sum of earnings-related bonus and performance-related bonus)  
€0.85 million (1st period of office)  
€1.0 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€1.8 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
Capped at 180 % of target amount, see section Remuneration caps  
a) Earnings-related bonus  
at 100 % target achievement corresponds to 30 % of target amount)  
Formula: 30 % target amount x earnings factor  
Base amount p.a. (30 % target amount per bonus):  
(
€0.255 million (1st period of office)  
€0.30 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€0.54 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
Quantitative criteria fixed in advance for a period of three financial years  
Earnings factor is derived from Group net profit and Group post-tax return on sales  
The earnings factor is 1.0 in the event of a Group net profit of €5.3 billion and a post-tax  
return on sales of 5.6 %  
Earnings factor may not exceed 1.8  
Maximum amount of earnings-related bonus p.a.:  
€0.459 million (1st period of office)  
€0.54 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€0.972 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
b) Performance-related bonus  
at 100 % target achievement corresponds to 70 % of target amount)  
Formula: 70 % target amount x performance factor  
Base amount p.a. (70 % target amount per bonus):  
(
€0.595 million (1st period of office)  
€0.70 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€1.26 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
Primarily qualitative, non-financial criteria, expressed in terms of a performance factor  
aimed at measuring the Board member’s contribution to the sustainable and long-term  
development and the future viability of the Company over a period of at least three finan-  
cial years  
Criteria for the performance factor include: innovation (economic and ecological, for  
example in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions), the Group’s market position  
compared to its competitors, customer focus, ability to adapt, leadership, corporate  
culture, promotion of compliance and integrity, contribution to the Group’s attractiveness  
as an employer, progress in implementing the diversity concept, and activities that  
foster corporate social responsibility  
Performance factor may not exceed 1.8  
Maximum amount of performance-related bonus p.a.:  
€1.071 million (1st period of office)  
€1.26 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€2.268 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
2
29  
Component  
Parameter / measurement base  
VAꢈIAblꢀ ꢈꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢈAꢁIꢆꢃ  
Performance Cash Plan  
Target amount p.a. (at 100 % target achievement):  
€0.85 million (1st period of office)  
€0.95 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€1.6 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
3-year evaluation period  
Capped at 180 % of target amount, see section Remuneration caps  
Formula: PCP factor x target amount  
PCP factor: multi-year earnings factor x multi-year performance factor  
PCP factor may not exceed 1.8  
a) Multi-year earnings factor  
Earnings factor for each year of three-year evaluation period derived from Group net profit  
and Group post-tax return on sale  
Earnings factor for each year may not exceed 1.8  
Average for evaluation period calculated  
b) Multi-year performance factor  
Determined by Supervisory Board at end of evaluation period  
Criteria include in particular the trend in business development during the evaluation  
period, the forecast trend in business development, individual contribution to profitability  
and the status of compliance within the Board member’s area of responsibility  
Multi-year performance factor can be between 0.9 and 1.1  
Share-based remuneration programme  
Requirement for Board of Management members to invest an amount of 45 % of the  
gross bonus after tax and contributions in BMW AG common stock  
Requirement for Board of Management members to hold the acquired shares of common  
stock for four years  
a) Cash remuneration component  
Earmarked cash remuneration amounting to 45 % of the gross bonus  
Cash remuneration p.a. at 100 % target achievement of the bonus:  
(
investment component)  
€0.3825 million (1st period of office)  
€0.45 million (from 2nd period of office or 4th year of mandate)  
€0.81 million (Chairman of the Board of Management)  
Maximum remuneration, see section Remuneration caps  
b) Share-based remuneration component  
matching component)  
Once the four-year holding period requirement is fulfilled, Board of Management mem-  
bers receive for each three common stock shares held either – at the Company’s option –  
one further share of common stock or the equivalent amount in cash  
(
Maximum remuneration, see section Remuneration caps  
ꢆꢁꢉꢀꢈ ꢈꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢈAꢁIꢆꢃ  
Contractual agreement, main points: non-cash benefits from use of Company car, insurance  
premiums, contributions towards security systems  
2
30  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
ꢄverview of compensation system and compensation  
components onwards  
Compensation  
Report  
ꢈꢀꢁIꢈꢀMꢀꢃꢁ Aꢃꢄ SꢂꢈVIVIꢃG ꢄꢀꢋꢀꢃꢄAꢃꢁS’ bꢀꢃꢀꢅIꢁS  
Model  
Principal features  
Defined contribution system with guaranteed minimum rate of return  
Pension based on amounts credited to individual savings accounts for contributions paid  
and interest earned, various forms of disbursement  
Pension contributions p. a.:  
Member of the Board of Management: €350,000  
Chairman of the Board of Management: €500,000  
ꢈꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢈAꢁIꢆꢃ CAꢋS (MAꢌIMꢂM ꢈꢀMꢂꢃꢀꢈAꢁIꢆꢃ)  
Share-based compensation programme  
Cash compen-  
sation for share  
acquisition  
Monetary value  
of matching  
component  
Performance  
Cash Plan  
in € p. a.  
Bonus  
Total*  
Member of the Board of Management  
in the first period of office  
1,530,000  
1,530,000  
688,500  
344,500  
4,925,000  
Member of the Board of Management  
in the second period of office or from fourth year of mandate  
1,800,000  
3,240,000  
1,710,000  
2,880,000  
810,000  
405,000  
729,000  
5,500,000  
9,850,000  
Chairman of the Board of Management  
1,458,000  
*
Including base salary, other fixed remuneration elements and pension contribution. The overall cap is lower than the sum of the maximum amounts for each of the individual components.  
Retirement benefits  
With effect from 1 January 2010, the provision of retire-  
depending on their age and education – are entitled  
to receive benefits as surviving dependants.  
ment benefits for members of the Board of Management  
was changed to a defined contribution system with  
a guaranteed minimum return. Retirement benefits  
remain unchanged as part of the new compensation  
system applicable for financial years from 2018 onwards,  
as they are appropriate and in line with customary  
market practice.  
In the case of death or invalidity, a minimum benefit  
is payable based on the number of contributions  
possible up to the age of 60 (subject to maximum of  
ten contributions).  
The annual contribution paid by the Company is  
€ꢀ350,000 for a Board member and €ꢀ500,000 for the  
If a mandate is terminated, the defined contribution  
system provides, in the case of death or invalidity, for  
amounts accumulated on individual pension accounts  
to be paid out as a one-off amount or in instalments.  
Former members of the Board of Management are  
entitled to receive the retirement benefit at the earliest  
upon reaching the age of 60, or in the case of entitle-  
ments awarded after 1 January 2012, upon reaching  
the age of 62.  
Chairman of the Board of Management. The guaran-  
teed minimum rate of return p.ꢀa. corresponds to the  
maximum interest rate used to calculate insurance  
reserves for life insurance policies (guaranteed interest  
on life insurance policies). When granting pension  
entitlements, the Supervisory Board considers the  
targeted level of pension provision in each case as well  
as the resulting expense for the BMW Group.  
Contributions falling due under the defined con-  
tribution model are paid into an external fund in  
conjunction with a trust model that is also used to  
fund pension obligations to employees.  
The amount of the benefits to be paid is determined  
on the basis of the amount accrued in each Board  
member’s individual pension savings account. The  
amount on this account results from annual contri-  
butions paid in, plus interest earned depending on  
the type of investment.  
Income earned on an employed or a self-employed  
basis up to the age of 63 may be offset against instal-  
ment payments. In addition, certain circumstances  
have been specified, in the event of which the Com-  
pany no longer has any obligation to pay benefits.  
Transitional payments are not provided.  
If a member of the Board of Management with a vested  
entitlement dies prior to the commencement of benefit  
payments, a surviving spouse or registered partner,  
or otherwise surviving children – in the latter case  
2
31  
In the event of the death of a member of the Board  
of Management during the service contract term,  
the base remuneration for the month of death and a  
maximum of three further calendar months are paid  
to entitled surviving dependants.  
contract for the financial years 2019 and 2020 amounts  
to €ꢀ3.0 million.  
In accordance with the recommendation of the German  
Corporate Governance Code, Board of Management  
service contracts provide for severance pay to be paid  
to the Board member in the event of premature ter-  
mination by the Company without important reason,  
the amount of which is limited to a maximum of two  
years’ compensation (severance payment cap). If the  
remaining term of the contract is less than two years,  
the severance payment is reduced proportionately.  
For these purposes, annual compensation comprises  
the basic remuneration, the target bonus amount and  
the target PCP amount for the last full financial year  
before termination.  
Board of Management members who retire imme-  
diately after their service on the Board are entitled  
to acquire vehicles and other BMW Group products  
and services at conditions that also apply to BMW  
pensioners and to lease BMW Group vehicles in  
accordance with the guidelines applicable to senior  
heads of departments. Retired Chairmen of the Board  
of Management are entitled to use a BMW Group  
vehicle as a company car on a similar basis to senior  
heads of departments, and depending on availability  
and against payment, use BMW chauffeur services.  
No commitments or agreements exist for payment of  
compensation in the event of early termination of a  
Board member’s mandate due to a change of control or  
a takeover offer. No members of the Board of Manage-  
ment received any payments or relevant commitment  
from third parties in 2018 on account of their activities  
as members of the Board of Management.  
Termination benefits on premature termination of  
Board activities, benefits paid by third parties  
Mr Duesmann left the Board of Management Board  
at the end of 24 July 2018 and was released from his  
duties for the remaining term of his service contract  
(
until the end of 30 September 2019), with remunera-  
tion continuing to be paid until that date. For the  
period from 25 July 2018 to 31 December 2018, he  
ꢈemuneration caps  
received a base remuneration of €ꢀ  
other remuneration of €ꢀ0.015 million. The bonus for  
this period amounts to €ꢀ 324 million, the proportion-  
ate cash remuneration component of the share-based  
remuneration programme (investment component)  
amounts to €ꢀ0.146 million. The proportionate share-  
based remuneration component of the share-based  
remuneration programme (matching component)  
0
.
348 million and  
The Supervisory Board has stipulated upper limits  
for all variable remuneration components and for the  
remuneration of Board of Management members in  
total. The upper limits are shown in the table Over-  
view of compensation system and compensation  
components. The overall upper limits (caps) have not  
changed in conjunction with the revised compensa-  
tion system for financial years from 2018 onwards.  
0
.
has a provisional monetary value of €ꢀ0.025 million;  
the provisional number of matching shares is 295  
calculated in each case at the grant date). The final  
ꢁotaꢊ compensation of the board of Management for  
the financial year 2018 (2017)  
(
number of matching shares is determined when the  
requirement to invest in BMWAG common stock has  
been fulfilled. The Company paid a proportionate pen-  
The total compensation of the current members of the  
Board of Management of BMWAG for the financial  
year 2018 amounted to €ꢀ24 million (2017: €ꢀ40.3 mil-  
lion), of which €ꢀ million (2017: €ꢀ million) relates  
to fixed components including other remuneration.  
Variable components amounted to €ꢀ15 million (2017  
€ꢀ31 million) and the share-based remuneration com-  
ponent amounted to €ꢀ million (2017: €ꢀ million).  
.
0
sion contribution of €ꢀ  
0
.
152 million. The base remu-  
8
.
2
7.7  
neration from  
amounts to €ꢀ  
1
6
January 2019 to 30 September 2019  
million. The pension contribution for  
0
.
.
0
:
this period amounts to €ꢀ0.263 million. The expense  
for these and other entitlements relating to the service  
.7  
0
.
8
0.9  
2
018  
2017  
Amount  
in € million  
Amount  
Proportion in %  
Proportion in %  
Fixed compensation  
8.2  
15.0  
0.8  
34.2  
62.5  
3.3  
7.7  
31.7  
0.9  
19.1  
78.7  
Variable cash compensation  
Share-based compensation component*  
Total compensation  
2.2  
24.0  
100.0  
40.3  
100.0  
*
Matching component; provisional number or provisional monetary value calculated at grant date (date on which the entitlement became binding in law). The final number of matching shares is determined in  
each case when the requirement to invest in BMW AG common stock has been fulfilled.  
2
32  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Compensation of the individuaꢊ memꢇers  
of the board of Management for the  
financial year 2018 (2017)ꢀ1  
Compensation  
Report  
Fixed compensation  
Variable cash compensation  
Share-based  
compensation  
component (invest-  
ment component)  
Performance  
Cash Plan  
2018 – 2020  
in € or  
Other  
compensation  
2
number of matching shares  
Base salary  
Total  
Bonus  
Total  
Harald Krüger  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree  
Markus Duesmann5  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Pieter Nota  
1,800,000  
1,500,000)  
950,000  
22,392  
(21,464)  
74,964  
(75,775)  
41,039  
(102,468)  
64,033  
(65,883)  
90,369  
(–)  
1,822,392  
(1,521,464)  
1,024,964  
(975,775)  
492,652  
(852,468)  
1,014,033  
(815,883)  
890,369  
(–)  
2,332,800  
(5,566,500)  
1,296,000  
(3,247,125)  
420,338  
1,049,760  
(1,113,276)  
583,200  
(649,440)  
189,152  
(556,663)  
583,200  
(556,638)  
495,720  
(–)  
(–)  
3,382,560  
(6,679,776)  
1,879,200  
(3,896,565)  
609,490  
(
(
(
(
900,000)  
451,613  
750,000)  
950,000  
750,000)  
800,000  
(–)  
(2,783,250)  
1,296,000  
(2,783,250)  
1,101,600  
(–)  
(–)  
(3,339,913)  
1,879,200  
(3,339,888)  
1,597,320  
(–)  
(–)  
(
–)  
(–)  
Nicolas Peter  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Andreas Wendt6  
Oliver Zipse  
800,000  
750,000)  
950,000  
900,000)  
200,000  
38,612  
(92,250)  
51,777  
(40,954)  
13,029  
(–)  
838,612  
(842,250)  
1,001,777  
(940,954)  
213,029  
(–)  
1,101,600  
(2,783,250)  
1,296,000  
(3,247,125)  
275,400  
495,720  
(556,638)  
583,200  
(649,440)  
123,930  
(–)  
1,597,320  
(3,339,888)  
1,879,200  
(3,896,565)  
399,330  
(
(
(–)  
(–)  
(
–)  
(–)  
(–)  
(–)  
900,000  
24,994  
(25,752)  
421,209  
(441,704)  
924,994  
(775,752)  
8,222,822  
(7,641,704)  
1,231,200  
(2,783,250)  
10,350,938  
(26,440,875)  
554,040  
(556,638)  
4,657,922  
(5,288,173)  
1,785,240  
(3,339,888)  
15,008,860  
(31,729,048)  
(
750,000)  
(–)  
Total7  
7,801,613  
(
7,200,000)  
(–)  
1
Remuneration for the financial year 2017 was paid in accordance with the compensation system applicable for that year, at which stage arrangements for base remuneration, variable remuneration and target  
amounts were structured differently.  
2
3
New variable remuneration components from the financial year 2018. Payment to be made for the first time after the end of the first three-year evaluation period 2018 to 2020.  
Provisional number or provisional monetary value calculated at grant date (date on which the entitlement became binding in law). The final number of matching shares is determined in each case when the  
requirement to invest in BMW AG common stock has been fulfilled. See note 41 to the Group Financial Statements for a description of the accounting treatment of the share-based remuneration component.  
Value of benefits granted for work performed on the Board of Management during the financial year 2018 plus the amount falling due for payment in conjunction with a share-based remuneration component  
granted in a previous year and for which the holding period requirements were met.  
Member of the Board of Management until 24 July 2018.  
Member of the Board of Management since 1 October 2018.  
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to a member of the Board of Management who left office with effect from the end of the financial year 2017.  
4
5
6
7
For financial years from 2018 onwards, a new variable  
the end of their service relationship. This relates to  
the expense for allocations to pension provisions in  
accordance with IAS 19.  
compensation component was introduced in the form  
of the Performance Cash Plan. The PCP is paid out  
after the end of the relevant three-year evaluation  
period. In the case of PCP for the financial year 2018,  
this covers the financial years 2018 to 2020. Due to  
the fact that the criteria for the evaluation period 2018  
to 2020 have not yet been fully met, it is not included  
in variable compensation for the financial year 2018.  
Total benefits paid to former members of the Board of  
Management and their surviving dependants for the  
financial year 2018 amounted to €ꢀ9.2 million (2017:  
€ꢀ6.7 million). This includes the above-mentioned  
payments to Mr Duesmann.  
The expense of the PCP for the financial year 2018  
recognised in accordance with IAS 19 amounted to  
Pension obligations to former members of the Board  
of Management and their surviving dependants  
are covered by pension provisions amounting to  
ꢀ5.3 million.  
91.0 million (2017: €ꢀ90.1 million), recognised in  
An expense of €ꢀ3.4 million (2017: €ꢀ3.1 million) was  
accordance with IAS 19.  
recognised in the financial year 2018 for current mem-  
bers of the Board of Management for the period after  
2
33  
Share-based  
Total value of  
compensation component  
Compensation  
Total  
benefits allocated  
in financial year  
3
4
(
matching component)  
Number  
Monetary value  
1
,981  
2,017)  
,181  
1,263)  
83  
1,083)  
,100  
1,008)  
,004  
–)  
35  
1,008)  
,181  
1,263)  
77  
–)  
,045  
1,008)  
,087  
9,913)  
171,158  
(181,490)  
102,038  
(113,645)  
33,091  
(97,448)  
95,040  
(90,700)  
86,746  
(–)  
5,376,110  
(8,382,730)  
3,006,202  
(4,985,985)  
1,135,233  
(4,289,829)  
2,988,273  
(4,246,471)  
2,574,435  
(–)  
5,293,109  
(8,295,070)  
2,985,294  
(4,915,446)  
1,102,142  
(4,192,381)  
2,893,233  
(4,155,771)  
2,487,689  
(–)  
Harald Krüger  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree  
Markus Duesmann5  
Klaus Fröhlich  
(
(
(
(
1
3
1
1
Pieter Nota  
(
9
80,784  
(90,700)  
102,038  
(113,645)  
21,645  
(–)  
2,516,716  
(4,272,838)  
2,983,015  
(4,951,164)  
634,004  
2,435,932  
(4,182,138)  
2,941,756  
(4,837,519)  
612,359  
Nicolas Peter  
(
(
1
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Andreas Wendt6  
2
(
(–)  
(–)  
1
90,288  
(90,700)  
782,828  
(891,973)  
2,800,522  
(4,206,340)  
24,014,510  
(40,262,725)  
2,710,234  
(4,115,640)  
23,461,748  
(39,608,356)  
Oliver Zipse  
(
(
9
Total7  
2
34  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Share-ꢇased component of the individuaꢊ memꢇers  
of the board of Management for the  
financial year 2018 (2017)ꢀ1  
Compensation  
Report  
Provision at  
31.12. 2018 in  
accordance with  
HGB and IFRS  
Expense in 2018  
in accordance with  
HGB and IFRS  
2
in €  
Harald Krüger  
30,821  
458,341  
(515,677)  
268,257  
(303,169)  
121,745  
(43,131)  
254,591  
(273,688)  
23,661  
(
(
(
54,038)  
46,218  
63,120)  
78,614  
41,001)  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree  
Markus Duesmann3  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Pieter Nota  
–19,0974  
162,436)  
23,661  
(
(
–)  
(–)  
Nicolas Peter  
51,812  
29,175)  
32,264  
80,987  
(
(29,175)  
354,125  
(382,640)  
1,632  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Andreas Wendt5  
Oliver Zipse  
(
186,278)  
1,632  
(
–)  
(–)  
29,002  
122,484)  
274,927  
800,435)  
222,771  
(193,769)  
1,786,110  
(2,215,688)  
(
(
Total6  
1
The share-based remuneration component (matching component) for the financial year 2017 was calculated in accordance with the compensation system applicable for that year.  
Provisional number or provisional monetary value calculated on the basis of the closing price of BMW common stock in the Xetra trading system on 28 December 2018 (€70.70) (fair value at reporting date).  
Member of the Board of Management until 24 July 2018.  
Amount based on the revaluation of share price at balance sheet date.  
Member of the Board of Management since 1 October 2018.  
2
3
4
5
6
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to a member of the Board of Management who left office with effect from the end of the financial year 2017.  
2
35  
ꢋension entitꢊements  
Service cost in  
accordance with  
IFRS for the  
Service cost in  
accordance with  
HGB for the  
Defined Benefit  
Obligation IFRS  
Defined Benefit  
Obligation HGB  
1
1
in €  
financial year 2018 financial year 2018  
Harald Krüger  
504,831  
505,281)  
354,224  
355,527)  
353,119  
353,136)  
350,000  
509,486  
(510,702)  
357,468  
(359,275)  
356,382  
(356,949)  
350,000  
(–)  
5,753,913  
(5,558,607)  
2,561,031  
(2,347,166)  
2,660,630  
(2,373,842)  
350,276  
5,753,776  
(5,558,200)  
2,560,943  
(2,346,906)  
2,660,630  
(2,373,842)  
350,041  
(
(
(
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree  
Klaus Fröhlich  
Pieter Nota  
(
–)  
(–)  
(–)  
Nicolas Peter  
353,119  
350,000)  
353,119  
354,117)  
132,500  
356,382  
(350,000)  
356,382  
(357,918)  
132,500  
(–)  
2,004,567  
(1,757,459)  
2,188,161  
(1,893,252)  
1,886,766  
(–)  
2,004,567  
(1,757,454)  
2,188,159  
(1,893,216)  
1,886,766  
(–)  
(
(
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Andreas Wendt2  
Oliver Zipse  
(
–)  
353,289  
356,550  
(357,339)  
2,775,150  
(3,059,645)  
2,298,444  
(2,071,748)  
19,703,788  
(21,987,289)  
2,298,405  
(2,071,560)  
19,703,287  
(21,072,823)  
(
353,536)  
Total3  
2,754,201  
(
3,136,302)  
Markus Duesmann4  
617,548  
620,741  
1,521,226  
1,521,192  
(
355,840)  
(359,521)  
(1,020,053)  
(1,018,857)  
1
Service cost differs due to the different valuation bases used to measure pension obligations for HGB purposes (expected settlement amount) and for IFRS purposes  
present value of the performance-based pension obligation).  
Member of the Board of Management since 1 October 2018.  
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to a member of the Board of Management who left office with effect from the end of the financial year 2017.  
Member of the Board of Management until 24 July 2018.  
(
2
3
4
2
36  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
2. Supervisory Board compensation  
With fixed compensation elements and an earnings-  
related compensation component oriented toward  
sustainable growth, the compensation structure in  
place for BMWAG’s Supervisory Board complies with  
the recommendation on supervisory board compensa-  
tion contained in section 5.4.6 paragraph 2 sentence 2  
of the German Corporate Governance Code, in the  
version dated 7 February 2017.  
Responsibilities, provisions of Articles of  
Incorporation  
Compensation  
Report  
The compensation of the Supervisory Board is specified  
either by a resolution of the shareholders at the Annual  
General Meeting or in the Articles of Incorporation.  
The compensation provisions valid for the financial  
year under report were resolved by shareholders at  
the Annual General Meeting on 14 May 2013 and are  
set out in Article 15 of BMWAG’s Articles of Incor-  
poration, which are available at www.bmwgroup.com within  
the section “Company” (menu items “Company  
Portrait” and “Corporate Governance”) as well as in  
The German Corporate Governance Code also recom-  
mends in section 5.4.6 paragraph 1 sentence 2 that  
the exercising of chair and deputy chair positions in  
the Supervisory Board as well the chair and member-  
ship of committees should also be considered in the  
compensation.  
BMW Group Download Centre”.  
ꢃompensation principles,  
compensation components  
Accordingly, the Articles of Incorporation of BMWAG  
stipulate that the Chairman of the Supervisory Board  
shall receive three times the amount and each Deputy  
Chairman shall receive twice the amount of the remu-  
neration of a Supervisory Board member. Each chairman  
of the Supervisory Board’s committees receives twice  
the amount and each member of a committee receives  
one-and-a-half times the amount of the remuneration of  
a Supervisory Board member, provided the relevant  
committee convened for meetings on at least three  
days during the financial year. If a member of the  
Supervisory Board exercises more than one of the  
functions referred to above, the compensation is  
measured only on the basis of the function that is  
remunerated with the highest amount.  
The Supervisory Board of BMWAG receives a fixed  
compensation component as well as an earnings-related  
compensation component, which is oriented toward  
sustainable growth. The earnings-related component  
is based on average earnings per share of common  
stock for the remuneration year and the two preceding  
financial years.  
The fixed and earnings-related components in combi-  
nation are intended to ensure that the compensation of  
Supervisory Board members is appropriate in relation  
to the tasks of Supervisory Board members and the  
Company’s financial condition and also takes account  
of the Company’s performance over several years.  
In addition, each member of the Supervisory Board  
receives an attendance fee of €ꢀ2,000 for each full  
meeting of the Supervisory Board (Plenum) which  
the member has attended, payable at the end of the  
financial year. Attendance at more than one meeting  
on the same day is not remunerated separately.  
In accordance with the Articles of Incorporation, each  
member of BMWAG’s Supervisory Board receives, in  
addition to the reimbursement of reasonable expenses,  
a fixed amount of €ꢀ70,000, payable at the end of the  
year, as well as earnings-related compensation of € 1 70  
for each full €ꢀ  
0.01 by which the average amount of  
(
undiluted) earnings per share (EPS) of common stock  
The Company also reimburses to each member of the  
Supervisory Board reasonable expenses and any value-  
added tax arising on the member’s remuneration. The  
amounts disclosed below are net amounts.  
reported in the Group Financial Statements for the  
remuneration year and the two preceding financial  
years exceed a minimum amount of €ꢀ2.00, pay-  
able after the Annual General Meeting held in the  
following year. An upper limit corresponding to  
twice the amount of the fixed compensation is in  
place for the earnings-related compensation. The  
limit for a member of the Supervisory Board with  
no additional compensation-relevant function is  
therefore set at €ꢀ140,000.  
In order to perform his duties, the Chairman of the  
Supervisory Board has the use of an office, with  
administrative support, as well as access to the BMW  
car service.  
2
37  
Total compensation of the Supervisory Board for the  
financial year 2018  
In accordance with Article 15 of the Articles of Incor-  
poration, the compensation of the Supervisory Board  
for activities during the financial year 2018 totalled  
compensation of €ꢀ2.0 million (2017: €ꢀ2.0 million)  
and variable compensation of €ꢀ3.6 million (2017:  
€ꢀ3.6 million). The earnings-related compensation for  
the financial year 2018 was capped at the maximum  
amount stipulated in the Articles of Incorporation.  
5.6 million (2017: €5.6 million ). This includes fixed  
2
018  
2017  
Amount  
in € million  
Amount  
Proportion in %  
Proportion in %  
Fixed compensation  
Variable compensation  
Total compensation  
2.0  
3.6  
5.6  
35.7  
64.3  
2.0  
3.6  
5.6  
35.7  
64.3  
100.0  
100.0  
Supervisory Board members did not receive any further  
compensation or benefits from the BMW Group for  
advisory or agency services personally rendered.  
2
38  
Statement on  
Corporate  
ꢃompensation of the individual members of the Supervisory Board for the financial year 2018 (2017)  
Governance  
Fixed  
Variable  
in €  
compensation  
Attendance fee  
compensation  
Total  
Compensation  
Report  
Responsibility  
Norbert Reithofer (Chairman)  
210,000  
(210,000)  
140,000  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
8,000  
420,000  
(420,000)  
280,000  
(280,000)  
280,000  
(280,000)  
280,000  
(280,000)  
280,000  
(280,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
87,312  
640,000  
(640,000)  
430,000  
(430,000)  
430,000  
(430,000)  
428,000  
(430,000)  
430,000  
(430,000)  
218,000  
(216,000)  
138,968  
(–)  
Statement by the  
Company’s Legal  
Representatives  
Manfred Schoch (Deputy Chairman)1  
Stefan Quandt (Deputy Chairman)  
Stefan Schmid (Deputy Chairman)1  
Karl-Ludwig Kley (Deputy Chairman)  
Christiane Benner1  
Kurt Bock2  
(
(
(
(
140,000)  
140,000  
140,000)  
140,000  
140,000)  
140,000  
140,000)  
70,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
8,000  
(
70,000)  
(6,000)  
8,000  
43,656  
(
–)  
(–)  
(–)  
Franz Haniel  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
44,785)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
26,532  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
70,000  
70,000)  
8,000  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(89,570)  
120,0004  
(109,780)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
53,065  
218,000  
(220,000)  
220,000  
(220,000)  
220,000  
(140,355)  
200,000  
(189,780)  
218,000  
(220,000)  
220,000  
(220,000)  
81,597  
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(6,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
8,000  
Ralf Hattler  
Heinrich Hiesinger  
Reinhard Hüttl  
Susanne Klatten  
Renate Köcher  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
2,000  
Robert W. Lane3  
(8,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
8,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
140,000  
(140,000)  
3,620,377  
(3,610,156)  
(218,000)  
220,000  
(220,000)  
220,000  
(220,000)  
218,000  
(218,000)  
220,000  
(220,000)  
220,000  
(220,000)  
218,000  
(218,000)  
220,000  
(220,000)  
5,628,565  
(5,618,344)  
Horst Lischka1  
Willibald Löw1  
Simone Menne  
(8,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
8,000  
Dominique Mohabeer1  
Brigitte Rödig1  
Jürgen Wechsler1  
Werner Zierer1  
(8,000)  
10,000  
(10,000)  
188,000  
(188,000)  
Total5  
1,820,188  
(
1,820,188)  
1
These employee representatives have – in line with the guidelines of the Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund – requested that their remuneration be paid into the Hans Böckler-Stiftung.  
Member of the Supervisory Board since 17 May 2018.  
Member of the Supervisory Board until 17 May 2018.  
2
3
4
Due to the requirements of his employer, Prof. Dr. Hüttl has waived his Supervisory Board compensation until further notice, to the extent that such compensation exceeds the amount of €200,000  
excluding value added tax) p.a.  
(
5
Disclosures for the previous year include amounts relating to a member of the Supervisory Board who left office during the financial year 2017.  
3
. ꢆther  
advances or loans were granted to members of the  
Board of Management and the Supervisory Board by  
BMWAG or its subsidiaries, nor were any contingent  
liabilities entered into on their behalf.  
Apart from vehicle lease and financing contracts  
entered into on customary market conditions, no  
2
39  
RESPONSIBILITY  
STATEMENT BY THE  
COMPANY’S LEGAL  
REPRESENTATIVES  
Statement pursuant to § 117 No. 1 of the  
Securities Trading Act (WpHG) in conjunction  
with § 297 (2) sentence 4 and § 315 (1) sentence  
5
of the German Commercial Code (HGB)  
To the best of our knowledge, and in accordance with  
the applicable reporting principles, the Consolidated  
Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the  
assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of the  
Group, and the Group Management Report includes  
a fair review of the development and performance of  
the business and the position of the Group, together  
with a description of the principal opportunities and  
risks associated with the expected development of  
the Group.”  
Munich, 19 February 2019  
Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft  
The Board of Management  
Harald Krüger  
Milagros Caiña Carreiro-Andree Klaus Fröhlich  
Pieter Nota  
Dr. Nicolas Peter  
Peter Schwarzenbauer  
Oliver Zipse  
Dr.-Ing. Andreas Wendt  
2
40  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
INDEPENDENT  
AUDITOR’S REPORT  
the accompanying group management report as  
a whole provides an appropriate view of the  
Group’s position. In all material respects, this  
group management report is consistent with  
the consolidated financial statements, complies  
with German legal requirements and appro-  
priately presents the opportunities and risks of  
future development. Our opinion on the group  
management report does not cover the content  
of the corporate governance statement men-  
tioned above.  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
To Bayerische Motoren Werke  
Aktiengesellschaft, Munich  
Report on the Audit of the Consoli-  
dated Financial Statements and of  
the Group Management Report  
Pursuant to Section 322 (3) sentence 1 HGB, we declare  
that our audit has not led to any reservations relating  
to the legal compliance of the consolidated financial  
statements and of the group management report.  
Opinions  
We have audited the consolidated financial statements  
of Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft,  
Munich, and its subsidiaries (the Group or BMW Group),  
which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as  
at 31 December 2018, and the consolidated income  
statement, consolidated statement of comprehensive  
income, consolidated statement of changes in equity  
and consolidated statement of cash flows for the finan-  
Basis for the Opinions  
We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial  
statements and of the group management report in  
accordance with Section 317 HGB and EU Audit  
Regulation No 537ꢀ/ꢀ2014 (referred to subsequently  
as “EU Audit Regulation”) and in compliance with  
German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial  
Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der  
Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW) [Institute of Public Audi-  
tors in Germany]. Our responsibilities under those  
requirements and principles are further described  
in the “Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of  
the Consolidated Financial Statements and of the  
Group Management Report” section of our auditor’s  
report. We are independent of the group entities in  
accordance with the requirements of European law  
and German commercial and professional law, and we  
have fulfilled our other German professional respon-  
sibilities in accordance with these requirements. In  
addition, in accordance with Article 10 (2) (f) of  
the EU Audit Regulation, we declare that we have  
not provided non-audit services prohibited under  
Article 5 (1) of the EU Audit Regulation. We believe  
that the evidence we have obtained is sufficient and  
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinions on the  
consolidated financial statements and on the group  
management report.  
cial year from  
1 January to 31 December 2018, and  
notes to the consolidated financial statements, includ-  
ing a summary of significant accounting policies. In  
addition, we have audited the combined management  
report of Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft  
(
hereinafter referred to as the “group management  
report”) for the financial year from 1 January to  
1 December 2018. In accordance with German legal  
3
requirements we have not audited the content of the  
corporate governance statement which is included  
in the section “Corporate Governance Statement  
(
Section 289f HGB)” of the group management report.  
In our opinion, on the basis of the knowledge obtained  
in the audit,  
the accompanying consolidated financial state-  
ments comply, in all material respects, with the  
IFRSs as adopted by the EU, and the additional  
requirements of German commercial law pursu-  
ant to Section 315ꢁe (1) HGB [Handelsgesetz-  
buch: German Commercial Code] and, in com-  
pliance with these requirements, give a true  
and fair view of the assets, liabilities, and finan-  
cial position of the Group as at 31 December  
Key Audit Matters in the Audit of the Consolidated  
Financial Statements  
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our pro-  
fessional judgement, were of most significance in our  
audit of the consolidated financial statements for the  
2
018, and of its financial performance for the  
financial year from 1 January to 31 Decem-  
ber 2018, and  
financial year from 1 January to 31 December 2018.  
These matters were addressed in the context of our  
audit of the consolidated financial statements as a  
whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, we do not  
provide a separate opinion on these matters.  
2
41  
Vaꢊuation of residuaꢊ vaꢊues of ꢊeased products  
Please refer to note 4 “accounting policies as well as  
assumptions, judgements and estimates” in the notes  
to the consolidated financial statements, for “Leased  
products” please refer to note 23.  
research institutes. We ensured the computational  
accuracy of the forecast values by verifying key cal-  
culation steps.  
Our observations  
The methods and processes for determining the  
expected residual values of the leased products under-  
lying the valuation are appropriate. The assumptions  
and parameters incorporated in the forecast model for  
the residual value are appropriate as a whole.  
The financial statement risk  
BMW Group leases vehicles to end customers as part  
of operating leases. As at the reporting date, the value  
of leased products amounted to EUR 38,572 million.  
The key estimated value for the purposes of subse-  
quent measurement is the expected residual value  
at the end of the lease term.  
Valuation of receivables from sales financing  
Please refer to note  
4 “accounting policies as well  
as assumptions, judgements and estimates” in the  
notes to the consolidated financial statements, for  
“Receivables from sales financing” please refer to  
note 25.  
The estimation of future residual values is subject to  
judgement and is complex due to the large number  
of assumptions to be made and the amount of data  
incorporated in the determination. For the residual  
value forecasts, BMW Group uses internally avail-  
able data on historical values, current market data  
as well as forecasts from external market research  
institutes.  
The financial statement risk  
BMW Group offers end customers, dealerships and  
importers various financing models for vehicles  
and other assets. In this regard, current and non-  
current receivables from sales financing totalling  
EUR 86  
,
783 million were recognised as at the reporting  
032 mil-  
There is a risk for the financial statements that the  
residual values expected for the end of the lease terms  
are not appropriately assessed and the impairment  
losses or reversal of impairment losses required for  
the leased products are not recognised in sufficient  
amounts.  
date. Impairment losses amounting to EUR 1  
,
lion were recognised on these receivables as at the  
reporting date.  
Impairment losses have been determined on the basis  
of expected credit losses since financial year 2018  
This method takes into account probabilities of default  
and loss given default, estimates of the amount receiv-  
able in the event of default, setting criteria for the  
transfer between stages for determining a significant  
change in the default risk of borrowers, assumptions  
on future cash flows and macroeconomic scenarios,  
the determination of which is subject to considerable  
judgement and estimation uncertainties in each case.  
.
Our audit approach  
By means of inquiries, inspecting internal calcula-  
tion methods and analysing the disposal proceeds  
of vehicles, among other methods, we obtained an  
understanding of the development of leased products,  
the underlying residual value risks and business pro-  
cesses for the identification, management, monitoring  
and measurement of residual value risks.  
There is a risk for the financial statements that the  
creditworthiness of dealerships, importers and end  
customers is assessed incorrectly, the risk provisioning  
parameters are derived incorrectly and an impairment  
loss required on receivables from sales financing is not  
recognised or not recognised in a sufficient amount.  
We reviewed the appropriateness and effectiveness of  
the internal control system, particularly in relation to  
the determination of expected residual values. This  
included the audit of the compliance of the relevant IT  
systems as well as the interfaces implemented therein  
by our IT specialists.  
In addition, we evaluated the appropriateness of the  
forecasting methods, the model assumptions as well  
as the parameters used for the determination of the  
residual values based on the validations carried out  
by BMW Group. For this purpose, we inquired with  
BMW Group’s experts responsible for the management  
and monitoring of residual value risks and inspected  
the internal analysis on residual value developments  
and residual value forecasts as well as the validation  
results. Furthermore, we evaluated the processes  
for processing external forecast values from market  
2
42  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Our audit approach  
Valuation of provisions for statutory and non-statutory  
warranty obligations and product guarantees  
Please refer to note 4 “accounting policies as well as  
assumptions, judgements and estimates” in the notes  
to the consolidated financial statements, for “Other  
provisions” please refer to note 33.  
By means of inquiries, inspecting internal calculation  
methods and analysis, among other methods, we  
obtained a comprehensive understanding of the  
development of credit portfolios, the associated  
counterparty-related risks and the business processes  
for the identification, management, monitoring and  
measurement of counterparty credit risks.  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
The financial statement risk  
Provisions for statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations and product guarantees are included in  
the consolidated financial statements of BMW Group  
as a significant component in ‘Other provisions’. The  
provisions for statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations and product guarantees amounted to  
EUR 5,158 million as at 31 December 2018.  
We also assessed the methodology for determining the  
expected loss on a yearly basis or for the remaining  
term to maturity, default rates and the credit expo-  
sure in the event of default and for determining and  
presenting the ‘transfer between stages’ of receivables  
based on significant changes in the credit risk of a  
borrower.  
BMW Group is responsible for the legally prescribed  
product liability and the warranty in the respective  
sales market. Moreover, additional warranties are  
granted to differing extents. In order to assess the  
liabilities arising from warranty, guarantee and  
goodwill for vehicles sold, information on the type  
and volume of damages arising and on remedial  
measures is recorded and evaluated at vehicle model  
level. The expected amount of obligations arising  
from warranty claims is extrapolated from costs of  
the past and provided for. For specific or anticipated  
individual circumstances, for example recalls, addi-  
tional provisions are set aside provided they have not  
already been taken into account. The determination of  
provisions is associated with unavoidable estimation  
uncertainties, is complex and is subject to a high  
degree of risk of change, depending on factors such  
as detected deficiencies becoming known and claims  
made by vehicle owners.  
We also audited the appropriateness and effectiveness  
of the internal control system in relation to the risk  
classification procedures as well as the derivation of  
the significant rise in credit risk from changes in risk  
classification. In addition, we evaluated the relevant  
IT systems and internal processes. The audit included  
a review by our IT specialists of the appropriateness  
of the systems concerned and associated interfaces to  
ensure the completeness of data as well as the audit  
of automated controls for data processing.  
A key component of our audit was to assess the  
appropriateness of the risk classification procedures,  
transfer between stages and the risk provisioning  
parameters used, which are derived based on histori-  
cal default probabilities and loss given default by  
taking account of the anticipated effects of future  
trends in relevant macroeconomic criteria. We also  
analysed the validations of parameters that are reg-  
ularly conducted. To assess the default risk, we also  
used purposive sampling of individual cases to verify  
that the attributes for assignment to the respective  
risk categories were suitably available and the impair-  
ment losses had been calculated using the parameters  
defined for these risk categories. In addition we  
assessed loans for correct risk classification based  
on random samples.  
There is a risk for the financial statements that the  
valuation of provisions for statutory and non-statutory  
warranty obligations and product guarantees is not  
appropriate.  
Our audit approach  
In order to evaluate the appropriateness of the  
valuation method used for the determination of the  
provisions for statutory and non-statutory warranty  
obligations and product guarantees including the  
assumptions and parameters, through discussions  
with the departments responsible, we primarily  
obtained an understanding of the process for deter-  
mining the assumptions and parameters. We audited  
the appropriateness and effectiveness of controls to  
determine the assumptions and parameters. With  
the involvement of our IT specialists, we reviewed  
the IT systems utilised to verify their appropriateness.  
Our observations  
The risk provisioning methodology, internal processes  
and the assumptions and risk parameters used for the  
determination of receivables from sales financing are  
suitable for the early identification of credit risks and  
determining impairment losses in accordance with the  
applicable financial reporting standards.  
2
43  
We compared the amount of provisions from the prior  
year with expenses selected according to risk and  
which actually arose for damage claims, as well as with  
technical measures, in order to arrive at a conclusion  
on the forecast accuracy.  
Other Information  
Management is responsible for the other information.  
The other information comprises:  
 the corporate governance statement and  
Based on a deliberate sample of vehicle models,  
the computational accuracy of the valuation model  
used across the Group including a tool for rate-  
based planning was verified with the support of our  
actuaries. The measurement parameters included  
therein, such as cost components, were reconciled  
with actual costs. We evaluated the assumptions  
concerning the extent to which the historical values  
are representative for the expected damage sus-  
ceptibility, for the expected value of damage per  
vehicle in terms of material and labour cost and for  
the anticipated claim.  
the remaining parts of the annual report, with  
the exception of the audited consolidated finan-  
cial statements and group management report  
and our auditor’s report.  
Our opinions on the consolidated financial statements  
and on the group management report do not cover  
the other information, and consequently we do not  
express an opinion or any other form of assurance  
conclusion thereon.  
In connection with our audit, our responsibility is  
to read the other information and, in so doing, to  
consider whether the other information  
Our observations  
The method for the valuation of provisions for  
statutory and non-statutory warranty obligations  
and product guarantees is appropriate and has been  
applied consistently. The measurement parameters  
and assumptions applied are appropriate as a whole.  
is materially inconsistent with the consolidated  
financial statements, with the group manage-  
ment report or our knowledge obtained in the  
audit, or  
 otherwise appears to be materially misstated.  
2
44  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Responsibilities of Management and the  
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the  
Consolidated Financial Statements and of the  
Group Management Report  
Supervisory Board for the Consolidated Financial  
Statements and the Group Management Report  
Management is responsible for the preparation of  
consolidated financial statements that comply, in  
all material respects, with IFRSs as adopted by the  
EU and the additional requirements of German  
commercial law pursuant to Section 315 e (1) HGB  
and that the consolidated financial statements, in  
compliance with these requirements, give a true and  
fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position,  
and financial performance of the Group. In addition,  
management is responsible for such internal control  
as they have determined necessary to enable the  
preparation of consolidated financial statements  
that are free from material misstatement, whether  
due to fraud or error.  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance  
about whether the consolidated financial statements  
as a whole are free from material misstatement,  
whether due to fraud or error, and whether the  
group management report as a whole provides an  
appropriate view of the Group’s position and, in all  
material respects, is consistent with the consolidated  
financial statements and the knowledge obtained in  
the audit, complies with the German legal require-  
ments and appropriately presents the opportunities  
and risks of future development, as well as to issue  
an auditor’s report that includes our opinions on the  
consolidated financial statements and on the group  
management report.  
In preparing the consolidated financial statements,  
management is responsible for assessing the Group’s  
ability to continue as a going concern. They also  
have the responsibility for disclosing, as applicable,  
matters related to going concern. In addition, they  
are responsible for financial reporting based on the  
going concern basis of accounting unless there is an  
intention to liquidate the Group or to cease operations,  
or there is no realistic alternative but to do so.  
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance,  
but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in  
accordance with Section 317 HGB and the EU Audit  
Regulation and in compliance with German Generally  
Accepted Standards for Financial Statement Audits  
promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer  
(IDW) will always detect a material misstatement.  
Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are  
considered material if, individually or in the aggregate,  
they could reasonably be expected to influence the  
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of  
these consolidated financial statements and this group  
management report.  
Furthermore, management is responsible for the  
preparation of the group management report that,  
as a whole, provides an appropriate view of the  
Group’s position and is, in all material respects, con-  
sistent with the consolidated financial statements,  
complies with German legal requirements, and  
appropriately presents the opportunities and risks  
of future development. In addition, management is  
responsible for such arrangements and measures  
We exercise professional judgement and maintain  
professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:  
identify and assess the risks of material misstate-  
ment of the consolidated financial statements  
and of the group management report, whether  
due to fraud or error, design and perform audit  
procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain  
audit evidence that is sufficient and appropri-  
ate to provide a basis for our opinions. The risk  
of not detecting a material misstatement result-  
ing from fraud is higher than for one resulting  
from error, as fraud may involve collusion, for-  
gery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations,  
or the override of internal controls.  
(
systems) as they have considered necessary to ena-  
ble the preparation of a group management report  
that is in accordance with the applicable German  
legal requirements, and to be able to provide suffi-  
cient appropriate evidence for the assertions in the  
group management report.  
The Supervisory Board is responsible for overseeing  
the Group’s financial reporting process for the prepa-  
ration of the consolidated financial statements and of  
the group management report.  
2
45  
obtain an understanding of internal control  
relevant to the audit of the consolidated finan-  
cial statements and of arrangements and meas-  
ures (systems) relevant to the audit of the group  
management report in order to design audit  
procedures that are appropriate in the circum-  
stances, but not for the purpose of expressing  
an opinion on the effectiveness of these systems.  
obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence re-  
garding the financial information of the entities  
or business activities within the Group to express  
opinions on the consolidated financial state-  
ments and on the group management report. We  
are responsible for the direction, supervision  
and performance of the group audit. We remain  
solely responsible for our opinions.  
evaluate the appropriateness of accounting poli-  
cies used by management and the reason-  
ableness of estimates made by management and  
related disclosures.  
evaluate the consistency of the group manage-  
ment report with the consolidated financial  
statements, its conformity with [German] law,  
and the view of the Group’s position it provides.  
conclude on the appropriateness of manage-  
ment’s use of the going concern basis of account-  
ing and, based on the audit evidence obtained,  
whether a material uncertainty exists related to  
events or conditions that may cast significant  
doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a go-  
ing concern. If we conclude that a material un-  
certainty exists, we are required to draw attention  
in the auditor’s report to the related disclosures  
in the consolidated financial statements and in  
the group management report or, if such disclo-  
sures are inadequate, to modify our respective  
opinions. Our conclusions are based on the au-  
dit evidence obtained up to the date of our audi-  
tor’s report. However, future events or condi-  
tions may cause the Group to cease to be able to  
continue as a going concern.  
perform audit procedures on the prospective in-  
formation presented by management in the  
group management report. On the basis of suf-  
ficient appropriate audit evidence we evaluate,  
in particular, the significant assumptions used  
by management as a basis for the prospective  
information, and evaluate the proper derivation  
of the prospective information from these as-  
sumptions. We do not express a separate opin-  
ion on the prospective information and on the  
assumptions used as a basis. There is a substan-  
tial unavoidable risk that future events will dif-  
fer materially from the prospective information.  
We communicate with those charged with governance  
regarding, among other matters, the planned scope  
and timing of the audit and significant audit findings,  
including any significant deficiencies in internal con-  
trol that we identify during our audit.  
evaluate the overall presentation, structure and  
content of the consolidated financial statements,  
including the disclosures, and whether the con-  
solidated financial statements present the under-  
lying transactions and events in a manner that  
the consolidated financial statements give a true  
and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial  
position and financial performance of the Group  
in compliance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU  
and the additional requirements of German com-  
mercial law pursuant to Section 315ꢁe (1) HGB.  
We also provide those charged with governance with  
a statement that we have complied with the relevant  
independence requirements, and communicate with  
them all relationships and other matters that may  
reasonably be thought to bear on our independence,  
and where applicable, the related safeguards.  
From the matters communicated with those charged  
with governance, we determine those matters that  
were of most significance in the audit of the consoli-  
dated financial statements of the current period and  
are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these  
matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation  
precludes public disclosure about the matter.  
2
46  
Statement on  
Corporate  
Governance  
Other Legal and Regulatory  
Requirements  
Independent  
Auditor’s Report  
Further Information pursuant to Article 10 of the  
EU Audit Regulation  
We were elected as group auditor for the financial year  
from  
1 January to 31 December 2018 at the annual  
general meeting on 17 May 2018. We were engaged  
by the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board  
on 7 June 2018. Taking into account the transitional  
provisions of Article 41 (2) of the EU Audit Regula-  
tion, we have been the group auditor of Bayerische  
Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft for more than 30  
consecutive years.  
We declare that the opinions expressed in this audi-  
tor’s report are consistent with the additional report  
to the Audit Committee pursuant to Article 11 of the  
EU Audit Regulation (long-form audit report).  
German Public Auditor Responsible  
for the Engagement  
The German Public Auditor responsible for the  
engagement is Mr Andreas Feege.  
Munich, 27 February 2019  
KꢋMG AG  
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft  
Sailer  
Feege  
Wirtschaftsprüfer  
Wirtschaftsprüfer  
[
German Public Auditor]  
[German Public Auditor]  
OTHER  
INFORMATION  
Page 248 BMW Group Ten-year Comparison  
Page 250 Glossary – Explanation of Key Figures  
Page 252 Index  
Page 254 Index of Graphs  
Page 255 Financial Calendar  
Page 256 Contacts  
5
5
Other  
Information  
Ten-year  
Comparison  
Glossary –  
Explanation  
of Key Figures  
Index  
Index of Graphs  
Financial Calendar  
Contacts  
2
48  
Other  
Information  
BMW GROUP  
BMW Group  
Ten-year  
Comparison  
TEN-YEAR COMPARISON  
2
018  
20171  
2016  
2015  
ꢄꢀlIVꢀꢈIꢀS  
Automobiles  
units  
units  
2,490,664  
165,566  
2,463,526  
164,153  
2,367,603  
145,032  
2,247,485  
136,963  
Motorcycles2  
ꢋꢈꢆꢄꢂCꢁIꢆꢃ VꢆlꢂMꢀ  
Automobiles  
units  
units  
2,541,534  
162,687  
2,505,741  
185,682  
2,359,756  
145,555  
2,279,503  
151,004  
Motorcycles2  
ꢅIꢃAꢃCIAl SꢀꢈVICꢀS  
Contract portfolio  
contracts  
€ million  
5,235,207  
133,210  
5,380,785  
124,719  
5,114,906  
123,394  
4,718,970  
111,191  
Business volume (based on balance sheet carrying amounts)  
IꢃCꢆMꢀ SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Revenues  
€ million  
%
97,480  
19.0  
98,282  
20.3  
94,163  
19.9  
92,175  
19.7  
Gross profit margin  
Earnings before financial result  
Earnings before tax  
€ million  
€ million  
%
9,121  
9,815  
10.1  
9,899  
10,675  
10.9  
9,386  
9,665  
10.3  
9,593  
9,224  
10.0  
Return on sales (earnings before tax / revenues)  
Income taxes  
€ million  
%
2,575  
26.2  
2,000  
18.7  
2,755  
28.5  
2,828  
30.7  
Effective tax rate  
Net profit for the year  
€ million  
7,207  
8,675  
6,910  
6,396  
bAlAꢃCꢀ Sꢉꢀꢀꢁ  
Non-current assets  
€ million  
€ million  
€ million  
%
125,442  
83,538  
5,029  
121,964  
73,542  
4,688  
121,671  
66,864  
3,731  
110,343  
61,831  
3,826  
Current assets  
Capital expenditure (excluding capitalised development costs)  
Capital expenditure ratio (capital expenditure / revenues)  
Equity  
5.2  
4.8  
4.0  
4.2  
€ million  
%
58,088  
27.8  
54,107  
27.7  
47,363  
25.1  
42,764  
24.8  
Equity ratio  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
Current provisions and liabilities  
Balance sheet total  
€ million  
€ million  
€ million  
79,983  
70,909  
208,980  
69,634  
71,765  
195,506  
73,183  
67,989  
188,535  
63,819  
65,591  
172,174  
CASꢉ ꢅlꢆw SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Cash and cash equivalents at balance sheet date  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
€ million  
€ million  
10,979  
2,713  
9,039  
4,459  
7,880  
5,792  
6,122  
5,404  
ꢋꢀꢈSꢆꢃꢃꢀl  
Workforce at year-end3  
134,682  
101,178  
129,932  
100,760  
124,729  
99,575  
122,244  
97,136  
Personnel cost per employee  
ꢄIVIꢄꢀꢃꢄ  
Dividend total  
€ million  
2,303  
2,630  
2,300  
2,102  
3.50 / 3.524  
4
4.00 / 4.02  
3.50 / 3.52  
3.20 / 3.22  
Dividend per share of common stock / preferred stock  
1
Prior year figures adjusted due to first-time application of IFRS 15, see note 6 to the Group Financial Statements.  
Excluding Husqvarna, deliveries up to 2013: 59,776 units; production up to 2013: 59,426 units.  
Figures exclude dormant employment contracts, employees in the non-work phases of pre-retirement part-time arrangements and low wage earners.  
Proposal by management.  
2
3
4
2
49  
2
014  
2013  
2012  
2011  
2010  
2009  
ꢄꢀlIVꢀꢈIꢀS  
Automobiles  
2
2
4
,117,965  
23,495  
1,963,798  
115,215  
1,845,186  
106,358  
1,668,982  
104,286  
1,461,166  
98,047  
1,286,310  
87,306  
1
Motorcycles2  
ꢋꢈꢆꢄꢂCꢁIꢆꢃ VꢆlꢂMꢀ  
Automobiles  
,165,566  
33,615  
2,006,366  
110,127  
1,861,826  
113,811  
1,738,160  
110,360  
1,481,253  
99,236  
1,258,417  
82,631  
1
Motorcycles2  
ꢅIꢃAꢃCIAl SꢀꢈVICꢀS  
Contract portfolio  
,359,572  
4,130,002  
84,347  
3,846,364  
80,974  
3,592,093  
75,245  
3,190,353  
66,233  
3,085,946  
61,202  
9
6,390  
Business volume (based on balance sheet carrying amounts)  
IꢃCꢆMꢀ SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Revenues  
8
0,401  
76,059  
20.1  
76,848  
20.2  
68,821  
21.1  
60,477  
18.1  
50,681  
10.5  
289  
2
1.2  
Gross profit margin  
9
8
,118  
,707  
7,978  
7,893  
10.4  
8,275  
7,803  
10.2  
8,018  
7,383  
10.7  
5,111  
4,853  
8.0  
Earnings before financial result  
Earnings before tax  
413  
1
0.8  
,890  
3.2  
,817  
0.8  
Return on sales (earnings before tax / revenues)  
Income taxes  
2
5
2,564  
32.5  
2,692  
34.5  
2,476  
33.5  
1,610  
33.1  
203  
3
49.2  
210  
Effective tax rate  
5,329  
5,111  
4,907  
3,243  
Net profit for the year  
bAlAꢃCꢀ Sꢉꢀꢀꢁ  
Non-current assets  
9
5
7,959  
6,844  
86,193  
52,184  
4,967  
81,305  
50,530  
4,151  
74,425  
49,004  
2,720  
67,013  
43,151  
2,312  
62,009  
39,944  
2,383  
Current assets  
4
,601  
.7  
7,437  
4.2  
Capital expenditure (excluding capitalised development costs)  
Capital expenditure ratio (capital expenditure / revenues)  
Equity  
5
6.5  
5.4  
4.0  
3.8  
4.7  
3
35,600  
25.7  
30,606  
23.2  
27,103  
22.0  
23,930  
21.7  
19,915  
19.5  
2
Equity ratio  
5
5
8,288  
9,078  
51,643  
51,134  
138,377  
52,834  
48,395  
131,835  
49,113  
47,213  
123,429  
46,100  
40,134  
110,164  
45,119  
36,919  
101,953  
Non-current provisions and liabilities  
Current provisions and liabilities  
Balance sheet total  
1
54,803  
CASꢉ ꢅlꢆw SꢁAꢁꢀMꢀꢃꢁ  
Cash and cash equivalents at balance sheet date  
Free cash flow Automotive segment  
7
3
,688  
,481  
7,671  
3,003  
8,370  
3,809  
7,776  
3,166  
7,432  
4,471  
7,767  
1,456  
ꢋꢀꢈSꢆꢃꢃꢀl  
Workforce at year-end3  
1
16,324  
2,337  
110,351  
89,869  
105,876  
89,161  
100,306  
84,887  
95,453  
83,141  
96,230  
72,349  
9
Personnel cost per employee  
ꢄIVIꢄꢀꢃꢄ  
Dividend total  
1
,904  
1,707  
1,640  
1,508  
852  
197  
2
.90 / 2.92  
2.60 / 2.62  
2.50 / 2.52  
2.30 / 2.32  
1.30 /1.32  
0.30 / 0.32  
Dividend per share of common stock / preferred stock  
2
50  
Other  
Information  
GLOSSARY – EXPLANATION  
OF KEY FIGURES  
Commercial paper  
Short-term debt instruments with a term of less than  
one year which are usually sold at a discount to their  
face value.  
Glossary –  
Explanation  
of Key Figures  
Consolidation  
Asset-backed financing transactions  
A form of corporate financing involving the sale of  
receivables to a financing company.  
The process of combining separate financial state-  
ments of Group entities into Group Financial State-  
ments, depicting the financial position, net assets  
and results of operations of the Group as a single  
economic entity.  
Bond  
A securitised debt instrument in which the issuer  
certifies its obligation to repay the nominal amount  
at the end of a fixed term and to pay a fixed or variable  
rate of interest.  
Credit default swap (CDS)  
Financial swap agreements, under which creditors of  
securities (usually bonds) pay premiums to the seller  
of the CDS to hedge against the risk that the issuer of  
the bond will default. As with credit default insurance  
agreements, the party receiving the premiums gives  
a commitment to compensate the bond creditor in  
the event of default.  
Business volume in balance sheet terms  
The sum of the balance sheet line items “Leased prod-  
ucts” and “Receivables from sales financing” (current  
and non-current), as reported in the balance sheet for  
the Financial Services segment.  
Earnings per share (EPS)  
Basic earnings per share are calculated for common  
and preferred stock by dividing the net profit after  
minority interests, as attributable to each category of  
stock, by the average number of shares in circulation.  
Earnings per share of preferred stock are computed  
on the basis of the number of preferred stock shares  
entitled to receive a dividend in each of the relevant  
financial years.  
Capital expenditure ratio  
Investments in property, plant and equipment and  
other intangible assets (excluding capitalised  
development costs) as a percentage of Group  
revenues.  
Capitalisation rate  
Capitalised development costs as a percentage of  
research and development expenditure.  
EBIT  
Abbreviation for “Earnings Before Interest and Taxes”,  
equivalent in the BMW Group income statement to  
“Profitꢀ/ꢀloss before financial result”.  
Cash flow  
Liquid funds generated (cash inflows) or used (cash  
outflows) during a reporting period.  
EBIT margin  
Cash flow at risk  
Profitꢀ/ꢀloss before financial result as a percentage of  
Similar to “value at risk” (see definition below).  
revenues.  
Cash flow hedge  
Effective tax rate  
A hedge against exposures to the variability in fore-  
casted cash flows, particularly in connection with  
exchange rate fluctuations.  
The effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the  
income tax expense by the Group profit before tax.  
2
51  
Equity ratio  
Return on capital employed (RoCE)  
Equity capital as a percentage of the balance sheet  
total.  
RoCE in the Automotive and Motorcycles segments  
is measured on the basis of relevant segment profit  
before financial result and the average amount of  
capital employed in the segment concerned. Capital  
employed corresponds to the sum of all current and  
non-current operational assets, less liabilities that do  
not incur interest.  
Fair value  
The amount for which an asset could be exchanged,  
or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing  
parties in an arm’s length transaction.  
Return on equity (RoE)  
Fair value hedge  
A hedge against exposures to fluctuations in the fair  
value of a balance sheet item.  
RoE in the Financial Services segment is calculated as  
segment profit before taxes, divided by the average  
amount of equity capital attributable to the Financial  
Services segment.  
Goodwill  
Goodwill corresponds to the consideration paid to  
acquire an entity, less the fair value of the separate  
assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The buyer  
is willing to pay the additional amount in return for  
future expected earnings.  
Value at risk  
A measure of the potential maximum loss in value of  
an item during a set time period, based on a specified  
probability.  
Gross margin  
Gross profit as a percentage of Group revenues.  
Liquidity  
Cash and cash equivalents as well as marketable secu-  
rities and investment funds.  
Post-tax return on sales  
Group net profit as a percentage of Group revenues.  
Pre-tax return on sales  
Group profitꢀ/ꢀloss before tax as a percentage of Group  
revenues.  
Research and development expenditure  
The sum of research and non-capitalised development  
cost and capitalised development cost (not including  
the associated scheduled amortisation).  
Research and development expenditure ratio  
Research and development expenditure as a percent-  
age of Group revenues.  
2
52  
Other  
Information  
INDEX  
F
Index  
Financial assets  
Financial instruments  
Financial liabilities  
76, 83, 152 et seq.  
168 et seq.  
74, 77, 162 et seq.  
Financial reporting rules  
Financial result  
Financial Services segment  
129 et seq.  
54 et seq.  
A
67, 81  
Accounting policies  
122 et seq.  
48 et seq.  
Apprentices  
61  
Automotive segment  
G
Group tangible, intangible and investment  
B
assets  
146 et seq.  
Balance sheet structure  
76  
Bonds  
74, 164  
I
Income statement  
Income taxes  
65, 81, 110 et seq., 139 et seq.  
67, 141 et seq., 161  
123, 148  
76, 83, 153  
C
Capital expenditure  
Cash and cash equivalents  
5, 67 et seq.  
Intangible assets  
Inventories  
Investments accounted for using the equity method  
70 et seq., 114 et seq.  
Cash flow  
5, 71 et seq., 114 et seq.  
CO fleet emissions  
Compensation Report  
4, 31 et seq., 46, 63 et seq., 88  
223 et seq.  
and other investments  
149 et seq.  
2
Compliance  
218 et seq.  
Connected Drive  
28  
Consolidated companies  
Consolidation principles  
Contingent liabilities  
119 et seq.  
119 et seq.  
167  
K
Key data per share  
23  
Corporate Governance  
200 et seq.  
Cost of materials  
Cost of sales  
78 et seq.  
66, 139  
L
Lease business  
Leased products  
54 et seq.  
148  
Locations  
34 et seq.  
D
List of investments  
190 et seq.  
Dealer organisation/dealerships  
Declaration with respect to the  
Corporate Governance Code  
27, 59  
201  
Digitalisation  
Dividend  
Dow Jones Sustainability Index World  
28, 59 et seq.  
M
22, 143 et seq.  
Mandates of members of the Board of Management  
202  
63  
Mandates of members of the Supervisory Board  
2
03 et seq.  
Marketable securities  
Motorcycles segment  
71, 125  
53  
E
Earnings per share  
EBIT marginꢀ/ꢀreturn on sales  
5, 143  
5, 37, 45 et seq., 88 et seq.  
Efficient Dynamics  
29  
4, 45, 61 et seq., 87  
77, 154 et seq.  
Employees  
Equity  
N
Net profit  
5, 81  
Exchange rates  
41 et seq., 86 et seq., 99, 121, 176 et seq.  
2
53  
O
T
Other financial result  
Other investments  
140  
Tangible, intangible and investment assets  
146 et seq.  
146 et seq.  
Other operating income and expenses  
Other provisions  
140 et seq.  
Trade payables  
Trade receivables  
166  
153  
161  
Outlook  
84 et seq.  
P
Pension provisions  
Performance indicators  
77, 83, 156 et seq.  
4 et seq., 36 et seq., 45 et seq.,  
8
7 et seq.  
Personnel expenses  
143  
Production  
51 et seq.  
Production network  
32 et seq., 51 et seq.  
5 et seq., 67  
5 et seq., 45, 65, 66, 87, 89  
148  
Profit before financial result  
Profit before tax  
Property, plant and equipment  
Purchasing  
58  
R
Rating  
22  
Receivables from sales financing  
151  
Refinancing  
73 et seq.  
Related party relationships  
Remuneration system  
180 et seq.  
224 et seq.  
Report of the Supervisory Board  
Research and development  
8 et seq.  
28 et seq., 57  
Revenue reserves  
Revenues  
Risks and opportunities  
154  
5, 45 et seq., 65 et seq., 68 et seq., 81, 139  
90 et seq.  
RoCE  
RoE  
5, 37 et seq., 46 et seq., 88  
5, 37 et seq., 47, 88  
S
Sales volume  
Segment information  
4, 46 et seq., 48 et seq., 53, 88 et seq.  
184 et seq.  
Selling and administrative expenses  
Statement of Comprehensive Income  
67, 140  
110, 145  
Stock  
20 et seq.  
Sustainability  
30 et seq., 63 et seq.  
2
54  
Other  
Information  
INDEX OF GRAPHS  
Finances  
BMW Group in figures  
Development of BMWAG stock  
BMW Group value drivers  
Contract portfolio of Financial Services segment  
6
Index of Graphs  
20, 21  
Financial Calendar  
36  
5
4
BMW Group new vehicles financed or leased by  
Financial Services segment  
Contract portfolio retail customer financing of  
54  
Financial Services segment 2018  
Development of credit loss ratio  
55  
55  
Regional mix of BMW Group purchase volumes  
018  
BMW Group change in cash and cash equivalents  
2
58  
7
1
BMW Group composition financial liabilities  
BMW Group financial liabilities by maturity  
74  
74  
Balance sheet structure – Group  
Balance sheet structure – Automotive segment  
BMW Group value added 2018  
76  
76  
79  
Risk management in the BMW Group  
90  
Sales volume and locations  
BMW Group locations  
34 et seq.  
BMW Group – key automobile markets 2018  
48  
53  
BMW Group deliveries of motorcycles  
53  
BMW Group – key motorcycle markets 2018  
Workforce  
BMW Group apprentices at 31 December  
61  
Employee attrition rate at BMWAG  
Proportion of female employees in management  
functions at BMWAGꢀ/ꢀBMW Group  
Proportion of female executives within manage-  
62  
62  
mentꢀ/ꢀfunction levels I and II at BMWAG  
215  
Further information  
Exchange rates compared to the euro  
41  
Oil price trend  
Precious metals price trend  
Steel price trend  
BMWGroup Compliance Management System  
42  
42  
43  
2
18  
Overview of compensation system of the Board  
of Management: cash benefits and pension  
contribution  
Overview of compensation system of the Board  
of Management: variable remuneration  
224  
224  
2
55  
FINANCIAL CALENDAR  
2
019  
2
0 March 2019  
Annual Accounts Press Conference  
2
1 March 2019  
Analyst and Investor Conference  
7
May 2019  
Quarterly Report to 31 March 2019  
1
6 May 2019  
Annual General Meeting  
1
August 2019  
Quarterly Report to 30 June 2019  
6
November 2019  
Quarterly Report to 30 September 2019  
2
020  
1
8 March 2020  
Annual Report 2019  
1
8 March 2020  
Annual Accounts Press Conference  
1
9 March 2020  
Analyst and Investor Conference  
6
May 2020  
Quarterly Report to 31 March 2020  
1
4 May 2020  
Annual General Meeting  
5
August 2020  
Quarterly Report to 30 June 2020  
4
November 2020  
Quarterly Report to 30 September 2020  
2
56  
Other  
Information  
CONTACTS  
Business and Finance Press  
Telephone +ꢀ49 89 382-2 45 44  
Contacts  
+
49 89 382-2 41 18  
Fax  
+ꢀ49 89 382-2 44 18  
E-mail  
presse@bmwgroup.com  
Investor Relations  
Telephone +ꢀ49 89 382-2 53 87  
Fax  
+ꢀ49 89 382-1 46 61  
E-mail  
ir@bmwgroup.com  
The BMW Group on the Internet  
Further information about the BMW Group is  
available online at  
Investor Relations information is available directly  
at  
Information about the various BMW Group brands  
is available at  
and  
www.bmwgroup.com.  
www.bmwgroup.com/ir  
.
www.bmw.com  
,
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www.rolls-roycemotorcars.com  
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towards preserving resources  
The BMW Annual Report was printed on paper produced in accordance with the international  
®
FSC Standard: the pulp is sourced from sustainably managed forests.  
The corresponding CO  
protection measures as part of a reforestation project in collaboration with Bergwaldprojekt e. V.  
certificate number: DE-141-436949).  
2
emissions were compensated by additional environmental and climate  
(
This version of the Annual Report is a translation  
from the German version. Only the original German  
version is binding.  
P U B L I S H E D B Y  
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Aktiengesellschaft  
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0788 Munich  
Germany  
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