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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997
Registration No. 333-___________
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_____________________________
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
_____________________________
IMPERIAL CREDIT MORTGAGE HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_____________________________
MARYLAND 33-0675505
(State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
20371 Irvine Avenue
Santa Ana Heights, California 92707
(714) 556-0122
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
Joseph R. Tomkinson
Chief Executive Officer
Imperial Credit Mortgage Holdings, Inc.
20371 Irvine Avenue
Santa Ana Heights, California 92707
(714) 556-0122
(Name and address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)
_____________________________
Copy to:
Thomas J. Poletti, Esq.
Freshman, Marantz, Orlanski,
Cooper & Klein
9100 Wilshire Blvd., 8th Floor East
Beverly Hills, California 90212
Telephone: (310) 273-1870
Facsimile: (310) 274-8357
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time
to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. [_]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, check the following box: [X]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and
list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the prospectuses expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
check the following box. [_]
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
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Proposed Maximum
Title of each class of Amount to be Proposed Maximum Aggregate Aggregate Offering Amount of
Securities to be Registered Registered(1) Price Per Share(2) Price(1)(2) Registration Fee(3)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Preferred Stock, $.01 per
value per share(4)
- -----------------------------
Preferred Stock Warrants(4)
- -----------------------------
Common Stock, $.01 per value
per share (4)(5)
- -----------------------------
Common Stock Warrants(4)(5)
- -----------------------------
Debt Securities
- -----------------------------
Debt Securities Warrants
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total: $200,000,000 $60,606
============ =======
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(1) In no event will the aggregate maximum offering price of all securities
issued pursuant to this Registration Statement exceed $200,000,000.00. Any
securities registered hereunder may be sold separately or as units with
other securities registered hereunder.
(2) The proposed maximum offering price per share will be determined, from time
to time, by the Registrant in connection with the issuance by the
Registrant of the securities registered hereunder.
(3) Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the rules and registrations under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(4) Subject to Footnote (1), there is being registered hereunder an
indeterminate number of shares of Preferred Stock and Common Stock as may
be sold, from time to time, by the Registrant, or as may be issued pursuant
to the conversion of Preferred Stock or the exercise of warrants.
(5) The aggregate amount of Common Stock registered hereunder is limited,
solely for purposes of any at the market offering, to that which is
permissible under Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or
dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall
file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration
statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement
shall become effective on such date as the Commission acting pursuant to said
Section 8(a), may determine.
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may
offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes
effective. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to sell or the
solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these securities
in any State in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior
to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such State.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Subject to Completion, dated August _____, 1997
PROSPECTUS
IMPERIAL CREDIT MORTGAGE HOLDINGS, INC.
Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities,
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock, Preferred Stock and
Debt Securities
Imperial Credit Mortgage Holdings, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the
"Company"), directly or through agents, dealers or underwriters designated from
time to time, may issue and sell from time to time one or more of the following
types of its securities (the "Securities"): (i) shares of its Common Stock,
$0.01 par value per share ("Common Stock"); (ii) shares of its Preferred Stock,
$0.01 par value per share, in one or more series ("Preferred Stock"); (iii) debt
securities, in one or more series, any series of which may be either senior debt
securities or subordinated debt securities (collectively, "Debt Securities" and,
as appropriate, "Senior Debt Securities" or "Subordinated Debt Securities");
(iv) warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock ("Common Stock Warrants");
Preferred Stock ("Preferred Stock Warrants"); and Debt Securities ("Debt
Warrants and together with Common Stock Warrants and Preferred Stock Warrants,
collectively, "Securities Warrants"); and (v) any combination of the foregoing,
either individually or as units consisting of one or more of the foregoing types
of Securities. The Securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus may be issued
in one or more series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at
the time of the offering of each such series. The Securities offered by the
Company pursuant to this Prospectus will be limited to $200,000,000 aggregate
initial public offering price, including the exercise price of any Securities
Warrants.
SEE "RISK FACTORS" STARTING ON PAGE 9 FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS
THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY PROSPECTIVE PURCHASES.
The specific terms of each offering of Securities in respect of which this
Prospectus is being delivered are set forth in an accompanying Prospectus
Supplement (each, a "Prospectus Supplement") relating to such offering of
Securities. Such specific terms include, without limitation, to the extent
applicable; (1) in the case of any series of Preferred Stock, the specific
designations, preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers and
restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions,
qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of such series of Preferred
Stock; (2) in the case of any series of Debt Securities, the specific
designations, rights and restrictions of such series of Debt Securities,
including without limitation whether the Debt Securities are Senior Debt
Securities or Subordinated Debt Securities, the currency in which such Debt
Securities are denominated and payable, the aggregate principal amount, stated
maturity, method of calculating and dates for payment of interest and premium,
if any, and any conversion, exchange, redemption or sinking fund provisions; (3)
in the case of the Securities Warrants, the Debt Securities, Preferred Stock or
Common Stock, as applicable, for which each such warrant is exercisable, and the
exercise price, duration, detachability and call provisions of each such
warrant; and (4) in the case of any offering of Securities, to the extent
applicable, the initial public offering price or prices, listing on any
securities exchange, certain federal income tax consequences and the agents,
dealers or underwriters, if any, participating in the offering and sale of the
Securities. If so specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, any series
of Securities may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more
temporary or permanent Global Securities, as defined herein.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS
PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
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The Company may sell all or a portion of any offering of its Securities
through agents, to or through underwriters or dealers, or directly to other
purchasers. See "Plan of Distribution." The related Prospectus Supplement for
each offering of Securities sets forth the name of any agents, underwriters or
dealers involved in the sale of such Securities and any applicable fee,
commission, discount or indemnification arrangement with any such party. See
"Use of Proceeds."
This Prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of Securities unless
accompanied by a Prospectus Supplement. The delivery in any jurisdiction of
this Prospectus together with a Prospectus Supplement relating to specific
Securities shall not constitute an offer in such jurisdiction of any other
Securities covered by this Prospectus but not described in such Prospectus
Supplement.
The date of this prospectus is _____________, 1997.
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NO DEALER, SALESMAN OR ANY OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY
INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED OR
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS PROSPECTUS OR THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT
BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR ANY UNDERWRITER,
AGENT OR DEALER. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR THE ACCOMPANYING
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT NOR ANY DISTRIBUTION OF SECURITIES BEING OFFERED PURSUANT
TO THIS PROSPECTUS AND AN ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SHALL UNDER ANY
CIRCUMSTANCES CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS
OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF OR THEREOF OR THAT THE INFORMATION
CONTAINED HEREIN OR THEREIN IS CORRECT AT ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE HEREOF
OR THEREOF. THIS PROSPECTUS AND THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT DO NOT
CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO PURCHASE
SECURITIES BY ANYONE IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS
NOT AUTHORIZED OR IN WHICH THE PERSON MAKING THE OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT
QUALIFIED TO DO SO OR TO ANYONE TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE SUCH OFFER OR
SOLICITATION.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and in accordance
therewith files reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission"). Such reports, proxy
statements and other information filed by the Company may be inspected and
copied, at prescribed rates, at the public reference facilities of the
Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, Room 1024, as well
as at the regional offices of the Commission at Seven World Trade Center, 13th
Floor, New York, New York 10048, the Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West
Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60601. Copies of such material may
also be obtained at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section
of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. The
Commission maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information
statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically
with the Commission. The address of the site is http:\www.sec.gov. The Common
Stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange. Reports, proxy statements and
other information described above may also be inspected and copied at the
offices of the American Stock Exchange at 86 Trinity Place, New York, New York
10006.
The Company has filed with the Commission a Registration Statement on Form
S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), with
respect to the Securities offered hereby. This Prospectus does not contain all
of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, certain parts of
which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the
Commission. For further information with respect to the Company and the
Securities offered hereby, reference is made to the Registration Statement and
the exhibits and schedules thereto. Statements contained herein concerning the
provisions of any documents are necessarily summaries of those documents, and
each statement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the copy of the
applicable document filed with the Commission. The Registration Statement and
any amendments thereto, including exhibits filed as a part thereof, are
available for inspection and copying as set forth above.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The following documents which have been filed with the Commission are
incorporated herein by reference:
(1) The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
1996;
(2) The Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held
on July 22, 1997;
(3) The description of the Common Stock contained in the Company's Registration
Statement on Form 8-A, including all amendments and reports filed for the
purpose of updating such description;
(4) The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended
June 30, 1997; and
(5) The Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended
March 31, 1997.
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All documents filed by the Company pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or
15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the
termination of the offering of all Securities shall be deemed to be incorporated
by reference in this Prospectus and to be a part hereof from the date of filing
of such documents. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed
to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or
superseded for purposes of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement
contained herein or in any accompanying Prospectus Supplement relating to a
specific offering of Securities or in any other subsequently filed document
which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or
supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be
deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this
Prospectus or any accompanying Prospectus Supplement. Subject to the foregoing,
all information appearing in this Prospectus is qualified in its entirety by the
information appearing in the documents incorporated herein by reference.
The Company will furnish without charge to each person to whom this
Prospectus is delivered, on the written or oral request of any such person, a
copy of any and all of the documents described above under "Incorporation of
Certain Documents by Reference," other than exhibits to such documents, unless
such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference therein. Such requests
should be directed to: Imperial Credit Mortgage Holdings, Inc., 20371 Irvine
Avenue, Santa Ana Heights, California 92707, Attention: Investor Relations,
Telephone: (714) 556-0122.
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THE COMPANY
Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to the "Company"
refer to Imperial Credit Mortgage Holdings, Inc. ("IMH"), ICI Funding
Corporation ("ICIFC") and its wholly owned subsidiary ICIFC Secured Assets
Corp., IMH Assets Corp. ("IMH Assets"), and Imperial Warehouse Lending Group,
Inc. ("IWLG"), collectively.
GENERAL
Imperial Credit Mortgage Holdings, Inc. is a specialty finance company,
which, together with its subsidiaries and related companies, operates three
businesses: (1) the Long-Term Investment Operations, (2) the Conduit Operations,
and (3) the Warehouse Lending Operations. The Long-Term Investment Operations
invests primarily in non-conforming residential mortgage loans and securities
backed by such loans. The Conduit Operations purchases and sells or securitizes
primarily non-conforming mortgage loans, and the Warehouse Lending Operations
provides warehouse and repurchase financing to originators of mortgage loans.
These latter two businesses include certain ongoing operations contributed to
the Company in 1995 by Imperial Credit Industries, Inc. ("ICII"), a leading
specialty finance company (the "Contribution Transaction"). IMH is organized as
a real estate investment trust ("REIT") for federal income tax purposes, which
generally allows it to pass through qualified income to stockholders without
federal income tax at the corporate level.
Long-Term Investment Operations. The Long-Term Investment Operations,
conducted by IMH, invests primarily in non-conforming residential mortgage loans
and mortgage-backed securities secured by or representing interests in such
loans and, to a lesser extent, in second mortgage loans. Non-conforming
residential mortgage loans are residential mortgages that do not qualify for
purchase by government-sponsored agencies such as the Federal National Mortgage
Association ("FNMA") and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC").
Such loans generally provide higher yields than conforming loans. The principal
differences between conforming loans and non-conforming loans include the
applicable loan-to-value ratios, the credit and income histories of the
mortgagors, the documentation required for approval of the mortgagors, the type
of properties securing the mortgage loans, the loan sizes, and the mortgagors'
occupancy status with respect to the mortgaged properties. Second mortgage loans
are higher yielding mortgage loans secured by a second lien on the property and
made to borrowers owning single-family homes for the purpose of debt
consolidation, home improvements, education and a variety of other purposes.
Conduit Operations. The Conduit Operations, conducted by ICIFC, purchases
primarily non-conforming mortgage loans and, to a lesser extent, second mortgage
loans from its network of third party correspondents and subsequently
securitizes or sells such loans to permanent investors, including the Long-Term
Investment Operations. ICIFC's ability to design non-conforming mortgage loans
which suit the needs of its correspondent loan originators and their borrowers
while providing sufficient credit quality to investors, as well as its efficient
loan purchasing process, flexible purchase commitment options and competitive
pricing, enable it to compete effectively with other non-conforming mortgage
loans conduits. In addition to earnings generated from ongoing securitizations
and sales to third party investors, ICIFC supports the Long-Term Investment
Operations of the Company by supplying IMH with non-conforming mortgage loans
and securities backed by such loans. Prior to the Contribution Transaction,
ICIFC was a division or subsidiary of ICII since 1990. IMH owns 99% of the
economic interest in ICIFC, while Joseph R. Tomkinson, the Company's Chief
Executive Officer, William S. Ashmore, the Company's President, and Richard J.
Johnson, the Company's Chief Financial Officer, are the holders of all the
outstanding voting stock of, and 1% of the economic interest in, ICIFC.
Warehouse Lending Operations. The Warehouse Lending Operations, conducted
by IWLG, provides warehouse and repurchase financing to ICIFC and to approved
mortgage banks, most of which are correspondents of ICIFC, to finance mortgage
loans during the time from the closing of the loans to their sale or other
settlement with pre-approved investors.
IMH's principal sources of net income are (1) net income from the Long-Term
Investment Operations, (2) net income from the Warehouse Lending Operations, and
(3) equity in net income of the Conduit Operations. In addition, the Company
expects to receive dividend income from its investment in the Common Stock of
IMH
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Commercial Holdings, Inc. ("ICH"), a REIT in which IMH currently holds shares of
Common Stock and shares of non-voting Class A Common Stock which are convertible
into an equivalent number of shares of ICH's Common Stock. The net income of the
Conduit Operations is fully subject to federal and state income taxes. The
principal source of income from IMH's Long-Term Investment Operations is net
interest income, which is the net spread between interest earned on mortgage
loans and securities held for investment and the interest costs associated with
the borrowings used to finance such loans and securities, including CMO debt.
The principal sources of income from the Warehouse Lending Operations are net
interest income, which is the net spread between interest earned on warehouse
loans and the interest costs associated with the borrowings used to finance such
loans, and the fee income received from the borrowers in connection with such
loans. The principal sources of income from the Conduit Operations are gains
recognized on the sale of mortgage loans and securities, net interest income
earned on loans purchased by ICIFC pending their securitization or resale,
servicing fees, commitment fees and processing fees.
The Company is located at 20371 Irvine Avenue, Santa Ana Heights,
California 92707 and its telephone number is (714) 556-0122.
OPERATING STRATEGY
The Company believes that a structural change has occurred in the mortgage
banking industry which has increased demand for higher yielding non-conforming
mortgage loans. This change has been caused by a number of factors, including:
(1) investors' demand for higher yielding assets due to historically low
interest rates over the past few years; (2) increased securitization of high-
yielding non-conforming mortgage loans by the investment banking industry; (3)
quantification and development of standardized credit criteria by credit rating
agencies for securities backed by non-conforming mortgage loans; (4) increased
competition in the securitization industry, which has reduced borrower interest
rates and fees, thereby making non-conforming mortgage loans more affordable;
and (5) the end of the refinance "boom" of 1992 and 1993, which has caused many
mortgage banks, attempting to sustain origination volume, to seek out non-
conforming mortgage loan borrowers.
The Company's strategy is to take advantage of the increased demand for
non-conforming mortgage loans through ICIFC's network of correspondents, which
sell non-conforming mortgage loans to ICIFC for resale or securitization. The
Company's strategic objective is to exploit the structural changes in the non-
conforming mortgage loan market through the Conduit Operations and to invest in
the non-conforming mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities originated and
created by the Conduit Operations. Management believes that the Long-Term
Investment Operations complements the Conduit Operations by providing ICIFC with
a reliable investor for a portion of its loan sales and securitizations while
ICIFC supports the Long-Term Investment Operations by providing non-conforming
mortgage loans and securities backed by non-conforming mortgage loans. The
Company believes the Warehouse Lending Operations provides synergies with the
Company's other operations because it provides funding to the Conduit Operations
and extends the scope of the Company's relationships with certain of its
correspondent loan originators.
The Company purchases, through its network of correspondents, and invests a
substantial portion of its long-term investment portfolio in non-conforming
mortgage loans because management believes that non-conforming mortgage loans
provide an attractive net income earnings profile and produce higher yields
without commensurately higher credit risks, when compared with conforming
mortgage loans. Although a substantial majority of the non-conforming loans
purchased by the Conduit Operations are "A" and "A-" grade mortgage loans, the
Company's strategy includes the purchase of "B" and "C" grade mortgage loans.
In general, "B" and "C" grade mortgage loans are residential mortgage loans made
to borrowers with lower credit ratings than borrowers of "A" grade mortgage
loans, and are normally subject to greater frequency of losses and delinquency.
As a result, "B" and "C" grade mortgage loans normally bear a higher rate of
interest and higher fees.
Management believes that IMH's tax and corporate structure as a REIT
provides it with an advantage over other financial institutions and mortgage
banking competitors. As a REIT, IMH can generally pass through qualifying
earnings as dividends to stockholders without federal income tax at the
corporate level. Thus, the Company expects to be able to pay higher annual
dividends than traditional mortgage lending institutions, which are subject to
federal income tax. In addition, management believes that the Company provides
a more attractive
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method of investing in mortgages than regulated financial institutions because
the Company is not subject to most of the federal and state regulations imposed
upon insured financial institutions, and therefore, does not incur their related
costs.
DIVIDEND POLICY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
To maintain its qualification as a REIT, IMH intends to make annual
distributions to stockholders of at least 95% of its taxable income (which does
not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP)
determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any
net capital gains. Any taxable income remaining after the distribution of
regular quarterly dividends or other dividends will be distributed annually, on
or prior to the date of the first regular quarterly dividend payment date of the
following taxable year. The dividend policy is subject to revision at the
discretion of the Board of Directors. All distributions in excess of those
required for IMH to maintain REIT status will be made by IMH at the discretion
of the Board of Directors and will depend on the taxable earnings of IMH, the
financial condition of IMH and such other factors as the Board of Director deems
relevant. The Board of Directors has not established a minimum distribution
level.
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT AND STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
The Company has established a Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan
pursuant to which holders of record and beneficial owners of shares of Common
Stock of IMH may elect to have dividends reinvested automatically in additional
shares of Common Stock of the Company generally at a 3% discount to the market
price and to make optional cash purchases of Common Stock of the Company.
THE MANAGER
Imperial Credit Advisors, Inc. ("ICAI" or the "Manager"), a wholly-owned
subsidiary of ICII, oversees the day-to-day operations of the Company, subject
to the supervision of the Company's Board of Directors, pursuant to a management
agreement (as amended, the "Management Agreement"). The Manager is involved in
three primary activities: (1) asset-liability management--primarily the analysis
and oversight of the acquisition, financing and disposition of Company assets;
(2) capital management--primarily the oversight of the Company's structuring,
analysis, capital raising and investor relations activities; and (3) operations
management--primarily the oversight of IMH's operating subsidiaries. The
Management Agreement expires on January 31, 2002 and is renewable thereafter
annually by agreement between the Company and the Manager, subject to approval
of a majority of those members of the Board of Directors of IMH who are not
affiliates of the Manager or ICII (the "Unaffiliated Directors"). In the event
that the Management Agreement is terminated or not renewed by the Company
without cause, the Company is obligated to pay the Manager a termination or non-
renewal fee determined by an independent appraisal.
The Manager is entitled to receive a per annum base management fee payable
monthly in arrears in an amount equal to seventy five percent (75%) of the sum
of (1) 3/8 of 1% of Gross Mortgage Assets of IMH composed of other than Agency
Certificates, conforming mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities secured by
or representing interests in conforming mortgage loans, plus (2) 1/8 of 1% of
the remainder of Gross Mortgage Assets of IMH plus (3) 1/5 of 1% of the average
daily asset balance of the outstanding amounts under IWLG's warehouse lending
facilities. The remaining twenty-five percent (25%) of the per annum base
management fee is paid by IMH for distribution to participants in its executive
bonus pool in amounts to be determined in the sole discretion of IMH's Chief
Executive Officer. Such payment is made in lieu of payment of a like amount to
the Manager under the Management Agreement. The Company also pays the Manager,
as incentive compensation for each fiscal quarter, an amount equal to 25% of the
Net Income of the Company, before deduction of such incentive compensation, in
excess of the amount that would produce an annualized Return on Equity equal to
the Ten Year U.S. Treasury Rate plus 2%, provided that such incentive
compensation payment will not reduce IMH's annualized Return on Equity to less
than the Ten Year U.S. Treasury Rate plus 2% (the "25% Incentive Payment"). The
term "Return on Equity" is calculated for any quarter by dividing the Company's
Net Income for the quarter by its Average Net Worth for the quarter. For such
calculations, the "Net Income" of the Company means the income of the Company
determined in accordance with net taxable income before the Manager's incentive
compensation, the deduction for dividends paid and any net operating loss
deductions arising from losses in prior periods. A deduction
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for all of the Company's interest expenses for borrowed money is also taken in
calculating Net Income. "Average Net Worth" means the arithmetic average of the
sum of the gross proceeds from any sale of equity securities by the Company,
before deducting any underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses
and costs relating to a public offering of the Company's Common Stock, plus the
Company's retained earnings (without taking into account any losses incurred in
prior periods) computed by taking the daily average of such values during such
period. "Gross Mortgage Assets" means for any month the weighted average book
value of the Mortgage Assets, before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or
other similar noncash reserves, computed at the end of such month. "Ten Year
U.S. Treasury Rate" means the arithmetic average of the weekly average yield to
majority for U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities (adjusted to a
constant maturity of 10 years) as published weekly by the Federal Reserve Board
during a quarter. The 25% Incentive Payment to the Manager is calculated
quarterly in arrears before any income distributions are made to stockholders
for the corresponding period. Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Company
provides up to 1/4 of the Company's 25% Incentive Payment for distribution as
bonuses to participants in its executive bonus pool in amounts to be determined
in the sole discretion of the Company's Chief Executive Officer. Such payment is
made in lieu of payment of a like amount to the Manager under the Management
Agreement.
TAX STATUS OF IMH
IMH has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), commencing with its
taxable year ended December 31, 1995, and believes its organization and manner
of operation have enabled and will continue to enable it to meet the
requirements for qualification as a REIT. To maintain REIT status, any entity
must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a
requirement that it currently distribute at least 95% of its taxable income
(determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net
capital gains) to its stockholders. As a REIT, IMH generally will not be
subject to federal income tax on net income it distributes currently to its
stockholders. If IMH fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be
subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates. See "Federal Income
Tax Considerations" and "Risk Factors--Consequences of Failure to Maintain REIT
Status; IMH Subject to Tax as a Regular Corporation." Even if IMH qualifies for
taxation as a REIT, IMH may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes
on its income. In addition, ICIFC is subject to federal and state income tax at
regular corporate rates on its net income.
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RISK FACTORS
Before investing in the Securities, prospective investors should give
special consideration to the information set forth below, in addition to the
information set forth elsewhere in this Prospectus. The following risk factors
are interrelated and, consequently, investors should treat such risk factors as
a whole.
This Prospectus contains forward-looking statements that inherently involve
risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially
from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of
certain factors, including those set forth in the following risk factors and
elsewhere in this Prospectus.
NET INTEREST INCOME MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY INTEREST RATE FLUCTUATIONS;
PREPAYMENT'S OF MORTGAGE LOANS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT NET INCOME
The Company's income may be affected by changes in market interest rates.
In conducting its Conduit Operations, the Company is subject to the risk of
rising mortgage interest rates between the time the Company commits to purchase
mortgage loans at a fixed price and the time the Company sells or securitizes
those mortgage loans. An increase in interest rates will generally result in a
decrease in market value of loans that the Company has committed to purchase at
a fixed price, but has not yet sold or securitized.
Higher rates of interest may discourage potential mortgagors from
refinancing mortgage loans, borrowing to purchase a home or seeking a second
mortgage loan, thus decreasing the volume of mortgage loans available to be
purchased by the Conduit Operations. In addition, an increase in short-term
interest rates may decrease or eliminate or, under certain circumstances, cause
to be negative, the Company's net interest spread during the accumulation of
mortgage loans held for sale or the net interest spread on mortgage loans held
for investment when such loans are financed through reverse repurchase
agreements. Should short-term interest rates exceed long- term interest rates
(an "inverted yield curve" scenario), the negative effect on the Company's net
interest spread would likely be coupled with a reduction in any income on any
servicing portfolio held by the Company to the extent prepayments on the
underlying mortgage loans increased as long-term interest rates declined.
In conducting its Long-Term Investment Operations, a significant portion of
the Company's mortgage assets held for long-term investment bear adjustable
interest ("ARMs") or pass-through rates based on short-term interest rates, and
substantially all of the Company's borrowings bear interest at fixed rates and
have maturities of less than 60 days. Consequently, changes in short-term
interest rates may significantly influence the Company's net interest income.
Mortgage loans owned by the Company that are ARMs or mortgage-backed securities
backed by ARMs are subject to periodic interest rate adjustments based on
objective indices such as the CMT Index, which is the one year constant maturity
Treasury index, or LIBOR, the London interbank offered rate. Interest rates on
the Company's borrowings are also based on short-term indices. To the extent any
of the Company's mortgage assets are financed with borrowings bearing interest
based on an index different from that used for the related mortgage assets, so-
called "basis" interest rate risk will arise. In such event, if the index used
for the subject mortgage assets is a "lagging" index (such as the 11th District
Cost of Funds) that reflects market interest rate changes on a delayed basis,
and the rate borne by the related borrowings reflects market rate changes more
rapidly, the Company's net interest income will be adversely affected in periods
of increasing market interest rates. Additionally, the Company's mortgage assets
are subject to periodic interest rate adjustments that may be less frequent than
the increases or decreases in rates borne by the borrowings or financings
utilized by the Company. Accordingly, in a period of increasing interest rates,
the Company could experience a decrease in net interest income or a net interest
loss because the interest rates on borrowings could adjust faster than the
interest rates on the Company's ARMs or mortgage-backed securities backed by
ARMs. Moreover, ARMs are typically subject to periodic and lifetime interest
rate caps, which limit the amount an ARMs interest rate can change during any
given period. The Company's borrowings are not subject to similar restrictions.
Hence, in a period of rapidly increasing interest rates, the Company could also
experience a decrease in net interest income or a net interest loss in the
absence of effective hedging because the interest rates on borrowings could
increase without limitation by caps while the interest rates on the Company's
ARMs and mortgage-backed securities backed by ARMs would be so limited. Further,
some ARMs may be subject to periodic payment caps that result in some portion of
the interest accruing on the ARMs being deferred and added to the principal
outstanding. This could result in less cash received by the Company on its ARMs
than is required to pay interest on the related borrowings, which will not have
such payment caps. The
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Company expects that the net effect of these factors, all other factors being
equal, will be to lower the Company's net interest income or cause a net
interest loss during periods of rapidly rising interest rates, which could
negatively impact the market price of the Securities. No assurance can be given
as to the amount or timing of changes in income. To the extent that the Company
utilizes short-term debt financing for fixed rate mortgages or mortgage-backed
securities backed by fixed rate mortgages, the Company may also be subject to
interest rate risks. To the extent that some of the warehouse loans made by the
Company bear interest based upon an intermediate-term index while the Company's
borrowings to fund such loans bear interest based upon a short-term index, the
Company will be subject to the risk of narrowing interest rate spreads.
Higher rates of interest may have a negative effect, in particular, on the
yield of any Company portfolio of "principal-only" securities and other types of
mortgage-backed securities purchased at a discount. If the Company were required
to dispose of any "principal-only" securities held in its portfolio in a rising
rate environment, a loss could be incurred. Lower long-term rates of interest
may negatively affect the yield on any Company portfolio of "interest-only"
securities, servicing fees receivable, and other mortgage loan and mortgage-
backed securities purchased at a premium. It is also possible that in certain
low interest rate environments the Company would not fully recoup any initial
investment in such securities or investments.
Mortgage prepayment rates vary from time to time and may cause changes in
the amount of the Company's net interest income. Prepayments on ARMs and
mortgage-backed securities backed by ARMs generally increase when mortgage
interest rates fall below the then current interest rates on such ARMs.
Conversely, prepayments of such mortgage loans generally decrease when mortgage
interest rates exceed the then-current interest rate on such mortgage loans.
Prepayment experience also may be affected by the geographic location of the
property securing the mortgage loans, the credit grade of the mortgage loan, the
assumability of the mortgage loans, the ability of the borrower to convert to a
fixed-rate loan, conditions in the housing and financial markets and general
economic conditions. In addition, prepayments on ARMs are affected by conditions
in the fixed-rate mortgage market. If the interest rates on ARMs increase at a
rate greater than the interest rates on fixed-rate mortgage loans, prepayments
on ARMs will tend to increase. In periods of fluctuating interest rates,
interest rates on ARMs may exceed interest rates on fixed-rate mortgage loans,
which may tend to cause prepayments on ARMs to increase at a greater rate than
anticipated. Prepayment rates also vary by credit grade. Second mortgage loans
generally have smaller average principal balances than first mortgage loans and
are not viewed by borrowers as permanent financing. Accordingly, second mortgage
loans may experience a higher rate of prepayment than first mortgage loans. In
addition, any future limitations on the right of borrowers to deduct interest
payments on mortgage loans for Federal income tax purposes may result in a
higher rate of prepayment on mortgage loans.
Prepayments of mortgage loans could affect the Company in several adverse
ways. A substantial portion of the ARMs acquired by the Company (either directly
as mortgage loans or through mortgage-backed securities backed by ARMs) have
been newly originated within six months of purchase and generally bear initial
interest rates which are lower than their "fully-indexed" rates (the applicable
index plus the margin). In the event that such an ARM is prepaid prior to or
soon after the time of adjustment to a fully-indexed rate, the Company will have
experienced an adverse effect on its net interest income during the time it held
such ARM compared with holding a fully-indexed ARM and will have lost the
opportunity to receive interest at the fully-indexed rate over the expected life
of the ARM.
The prepayment of any mortgage loan that had been purchased at a premium by
the Company would result in the immediate write-off of any remaining capitalized
premium amount and a consequent decrease in the Company's interest income. The
Conduit Operations' strategy at the present time is to purchase mortgage loans
on a "servicing released" basis (i.e., the Company will acquire both the
mortgage loans and the rights to service them). This strategy requires payment
of a higher purchase price by the Company for the mortgage loans, and to the
extent a premium is paid, the Company is more exposed to the adverse effects of
early prepayments of the mortgage loans, as described above.
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COMPANY OPERATIONS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED IF THE COMPANY FAILS TO EFFECTIVELY
HEDGE AGAINST INTEREST RATE CHANGES OR IF LOSSES ARE INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH
HEDGING ACTIVITIES
To mitigate risks associated with its Conduit Operations, the Company,
through ICIFC, enters into transactions designed to hedge interest rate risks,
which may include mandatory and optional forward selling of mortgage loans or
mortgage-backed securities, interest rate caps, floors and swaps and buying and
selling of futures and options on futures. To mitigate risks associated with its
Long-Term Investment Operations, the Company's policy is to attempt to match the
interest rate sensitivities of its adjustable rate mortgage assets held for
investment with the associated liabilities. The Company may purchase interest
rate caps, interest rate swaps or similar instruments to attempt to mitigate the
cost of its variable rate liabilities increasing at a faster rate than the
earnings on its subject assets during a period of rising interest rates. The
nature and quantity of the hedging transactions for the Conduit Operations and
the Long-Term Investment Operations is determined by the management of the
Company based on various factors, including market conditions and the expected
volume of mortgage loan purchases, and there have been no limitations placed on
management's use of certain instruments in such hedging transactions. No
assurance can be given that such hedging transactions will offset the risks of
changes in interest rates, and it is possible that there will be periods during
which the Company could incur losses after accounting for its hedging
activities.
ACQUIRING AND INVESTING IN MORTGAGE LOANS MAY ENTAIL SUBSTANTIAL RISKS
The Company makes long-term investments in mortgage loans and mortgage-
backed securities. The Company does not obtain credit enhancements such as
mortgage pool or special hazard insurance for its mortgage loans and investments
other than private mortgage insurance and only when specified by its
underwriting criteria. Accordingly, during the time it holds mortgage loans for
investment, the Company is subject to risks of borrower defaults and
bankruptcies and special hazard losses that are not covered by standard hazard
insurance (such as those occurring from earthquakes or floods). In the event of
a default on any mortgage loan held by the Company, the Company bears the risk
of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the
related mortgaged property, plus any payments from an insurer or guarantor, and
the amount owing on the mortgage loan. Defaulted mortgage loans will also cease
to be eligible collateral for borrowings, and will have to be financed by the
Company out of other funds until ultimately liquidated.
Credit risks associated with non-conforming mortgage loans, especially "B"
and "C" grade loans, may be greater than those associated with conforming
mortgage loans that comply with FNMA and FHLMC guidelines. Non-conforming
mortgage loans generally consist of jumbo mortgage loans (loans with a principal
balance in excess of $214,000) or loans that are originated in accordance with
underwriting or product guidelines that differ from those applied by FNMA or
FHLMC. The principal differences between conforming loans and the non-conforming
loans purchased by the Company include the applicable loan-to-value ratios, the
credit and income histories of the mortgagors, the documentation required for
approval of the mortgagors, the types of properties securing the mortgage loans,
loan sizes and the mortgagors' occupancy status with respect to the mortgaged
property. As a result of these and other factors, the interest rates charged on
non-conforming loans are often higher than those charged for conforming loans.
The combination of different underwriting criteria and higher rates of interest
may lead to higher delinquency rates and/or credit losses for non-conforming as
compared to conforming loans and could have an adverse effect on the Company's
operations to the extent that the Company invests in such loans or securities
evidencing interests in such loans.
In addition, with respect to second mortgage loans, the Company's security
interest in the property securing such loans is subordinated to the interest of
the first mortgage holder. If the value of the property securing the second
mortgage loan is not sufficient to repay the borrower's obligation to the first
mortgage holder upon foreclosure or if there is no additional value in such
property after satisfying the borrower's obligation to the first mortgage loan
holder, the borrower's obligation to the Company will likely not be satisfied.
The yield derived from certain classes of mortgage-backed securities
created in connection with securitizations by ICIFC and subsequently retained by
the Company, including, but not limited to, "interest-only," "principal-only"
and subordinated securities, is particularly sensitive to interest rate,
prepayment and credit risks. The Company's investment portfolio includes each of
these classes of securities. See "--Net Interest Income May be
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Adversely Affected by Interest Rate Fluctuations; Prepayment's of Mortgage Loans
May Adversely Affect Net Income." Because subordinated securities, in general,
bear all credit losses prior to the related senior securities, the amount of
credit risk associated with any investment in such subordinated securities is
significantly greater than that associated with a comparable investment in the
related senior securities and, on a percentage basis, the risk is greater than
holding the underlying mortgage loans directly. See -"Value of Interest-Only,
Principal-Only, Residual Interest and Subordinated Securities Subject to
Fluctuation."
The Company also bears risk of loss on any mortgage-backed securities it
purchases in the secondary mortgage market. To the extent third parties have
been contracted to insure against these types of losses, the Company would be
dependent in part upon the creditworthiness and claims paying ability of the
insurer and the timeliness of reimbursement in the event of a default on the
underlying obligations. Further, the insurance coverage for various types of
losses is limited, and losses in excess of the limitation would be borne by the
Company.
As a warehouse lender, the Company is a secured creditor of mortgage
bankers and is subject to the risks associated with such businesses, including
the risks of fraud, borrower default and bankruptcy, any of which could result
in credit losses for the Company. Any claim of the Company as a secured lender
in a bankruptcy proceeding may be subject to adjustment and delay.
In connection with its Conduit Operations, ICIFC has engaged in
securitizations and bulk whole loan sales. In connection with the issuance of
mortgage-backed securities by ICIFC, such securities have been non-recourse to
ICIFC, except in the case of a breach of the standard representations and
warranties made by ICIFC when mortgage loans are securitized. While ICIFC has
recourse to the sellers of mortgage loans for any such breaches, there can be no
assurance of the sellers' abilities to honor their respective obligations. ICIFC
has engaged in bulk whole loan sales pursuant to agreements that provide for
recourse by the purchaser against ICIFC (and, in certain cases, IMH as
guarantor) in the event of a breach of representation or warranty made by ICIFC,
any fraud or misrepresentation during the mortgage loan origination process or
upon early default on such mortgage loans. ICIFC has generally limited the
remedies of such purchasers to the remedies ICIFC receives from the persons from
whom ICIFC purchased such mortgage loans. However, in some cases, the remedies
available to a purchaser of mortgage loans from ICIFC are broader than those
available to ICIFC against its seller, and should a purchaser exercise its
rights against ICIFC, ICIFC may not always be able to enforce whatever remedies
ICIFC may have against its sellers. ICIFC may from time to time make provisions
for loan losses related to estimated losses from the breach of a standard
representation and warranty.
DEPENDENCE ON SECURITIZATIONS MAY CREATE LIQUIDITY RISKS
The Company securitizes a substantial portion of the mortgage loans it
purchases. ICIFC relies significantly upon securitizations to generate cash
proceeds for repayment of its warehouse line and to create credit availability.
Further, gains on sales from ICIFC's securitizations represent a significant
portion of ICIFC's earnings. Several factors affect the Company's ability to
complete securitizations of its mortgage loans, including conditions in the
securities markets generally, conditions in the asset-backed securities market
specifically, the credit quality of the mortgage loans purchased by the Conduit
Operations and the Company's ability to obtain credit enhancement. If ICIFC were
unable to securitize profitably a sufficient number of its mortgage loans in a
particular financial reporting period, then ICIFC's revenues for such period
would decline, which could result in lower income or a loss for such period. In
addition, unanticipated delays in closing a securitization could also increase
ICIFC's interest rate risk by increasing the warehousing period for its mortgage
loans.
ICIFC endeavors to effect quarterly public securitizations of its loan
pools. However, market and other considerations, including the volume of ICIFC's
mortgage acquisitions and the conformity of such loan pools to the requirements
of insurance companies and rating agencies, may affect the timing of such
transactions. Any delay in the sale of a loan pool beyond the end of a fiscal
quarter would postpone the recognition of gain related to such loans and would
likely result in lower income or a loss for such quarter being reported by
ICIFC.
In order to gain access to the securitization market, the Company has
relied, and in the future may rely, on credit enhancements provided by insurance
companies to guarantee senior interests in the related trusts to enable them to
obtain "AAA/Aaa" ratings for such interests. Any unwillingness of insurance
companies to guarantee the
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senior interests in the Company's loan pools could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's results of operations and financial condition.
The Company also relies on securitizations in the form of CMO borrowings to
finance a substantial portion of the loans held by the Long-Term Investment
Operations. Any reduction in the Company's ability to complete additional
securitizations would require the Company to utilize other sources of financing
which may be on less favorable terms.
VALUE OF INTEREST-ONLY, PRINCIPAL-ONLY, RESIDUAL INTEREST AND SUBORDINATED
SECURITIES SUBJECT TO FLUCTUATION
The Company's assets include "interest-only," "principal-only," residual
interest and subordinated securities, valued by the Company in accordance with
SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Debt and Equity Securities," if purchased
by the Company in the secondary market or in accordance with SFAS No. 125,
"Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment
of Liabilities," if created in connection with the securitization of mortgages
held for sale by ICIFC. IMH records its retained interest in ICIFC
securitizations (including "interest-only," "principal-only" and subordinated
securities) as investments classified as trading securities and records its
purchased residual interests and subordinated securities as available for sale
securities. Realization of these "interest-only," "principal-only," residual
interest and subordinated securities in cash is subject to the timing and
ultimate realization of cash flows associated therewith, which is in turn
effected by the prepayment and loss characteristics of the underlying loans.
Because subordinated securities, in general, bear all credit losses prior to the
related senior securities, the amount of credit risk associated with any
investment in such subordinated securities is significantly greater than that
associated with a comparable investment in the related senior securities and, on
a percentage basis, the risk associated with holding subordinated securities is
greater than holding the underlying mortgage loans directly due to the
concentration of losses in such subordinated securities and because subordinated
securities receive payments of principal and interest after such payments on
related senior securities and the underlying mortgages. The Company estimates
future cash flows from these "interest-only," "principal-only," residual
interest and subordinated securities and values such securities utilizing
assumptions that it believes to be consistent with those that would be utilized
by an unaffiliated third party purchaser. If actual experience differs from the
assumptions used in the determination of the asset value, future cash flows and
earnings could be negatively impacted, and the Company could be required to
reduce the value of its "interest-only," "principal-only," residual interest and
subordinated securities in accordance with SFAS No. 115 and SFAS 125. The value
of such securities can fluctuate widely and may be extremely sensitive to
changes in discount rates, projected mortgage loan prepayments and loss
assumptions. The Company believes that its aggregate delinquency and loan loss
experience will increase as its mortgage portfolio matures. To the Company's
knowledge, the market for the sale of the "interest-only," "principal-only,"
residual interest and subordinated securities is limited. No assurance can be
given that "interest-only," "principal-only," residual interest and subordinated
securities could be sold at their reported value, if at all.
The risks of investing in mortgage-backed securities include risks that the
existing credit support will prove to be inadequate, either because of
unanticipated levels of losses or, if such credit support is provided by a third
party, because of difficulties experienced by such credit support provider.
Delays or difficulties encountered in servicing mortgage-backed securities may
cause greater losses and, therefore, greater resort to credit support than was
originally anticipated, and may cause a rating agency to downgrade a security.
The Company also bears risk of loss on any mortgage-backed securities it
purchases in the secondary market. To the extent third parties have contracted
to insure against these types of losses, the Company would be dependent in part
upon the creditworthiness and claims paying ability of the insurer and the
timeliness of reimbursement in the event of a default on the underlying
obligations. Further, the insurance coverage for various types of losses is
limited, and losses in excess of the limitation would be borne by the Company.
MORTGAGE SERVICING RIGHTS SUBJECT TO VOLATILITY
When ICIFC purchases loans that include the associated servicing rights or
originates loans, the allocated cost of the servicing rights will be reflected
on its financial statements as Mortgage Servicing Rights ("MSRs"). MSRs are
amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, expected future net
servicing income.
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SFAS No. 125 requires that a portion of the cost of acquiring a mortgage
loan be allocated to the mortgage loan servicing rights based on its fair value
relative to the loan as a whole. To determine the fair value of the servicing
rights created, ICIFC uses a valuation model that calculates the present value
of future net servicing revenues to determine the fair value of the servicing
rights. In using this valuation method, ICIFC incorporates assumptions that it
believes market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income
which include estimates of the cost of servicing, an inflation rate, ancillary
income per loan, a prepayment rate, a default rate and a discount rate
commensurate with the risks involved.
MSRs are subject to some degree of volatility in the event of unanticipated
prepayments or defaults. Prepayments in excess of those anticipated at the time
MSRs are recorded could result in a decline in the fair value of the MSRs below
their carrying value requiring a provision to increase the MSRs' valuation
allowance. The rate of prepayment of loans is affected by a variety of economic
and other factors, including prevailing interest rates and the availability of
alternative financing. The effect of those factors on loan prepayment rates may
vary depending on the particular type of loan. Estimates of prepayment rates
are made based on management's expectations of future prepayment rates, which
are based, in part, on the historical rate of prepayment of ICIFC's loans, and
other considerations. There can be no assurance of the accuracy of the
Company's prepayment estimates. If actual prepayments with respect to loans
serviced occur more quickly than were projected at the time such loans were
sold, the carrying value of the MSRs may have to be reduced through a provision
recorded to increase the MSRs' valuation allowance in the period the fair value
declined below the MSRs' carrying value. If actual prepayments with respect to
loans occur more slowly than estimated, the carrying value of MSRs would not
increase except for the impact of a reduction in the valuation allowance.
BORROWINGS AND SUBSTANTIAL LEVERAGE HAVE THE POTENTIAL FOR NET INTEREST AND
OPERATING LOSSES; LIQUIDITY
The Company has employed a financing strategy to increase the size of its
investment portfolio by borrowing a substantial portion (up to approximately
98%, depending on the nature of the underlying asset) of the market value of
substantially all of its investments in mortgage loans and mortgage-backed
securities. The Company initially intended to maintain a ratio of equity capital
(book value of stockholders' equity) to total assets of approximately 15%. This
target ratio was developed on the assumption that the Company would utilize the
sale of pass-through mortgage-backed securities as its primary securitization
technique, as compared to financing the loans in the Company's long-term
investment portfolio through CMOs. Subsequently, the Company has elected to
utilize CMO borrowings to a substantial degree because CMOs are more consistent
with IMH's maintenance of its REIT tax status. CMOs receive financing treatment
as opposed to sale treatment. Financing treatment allows the Company to
recognize spread income over time as qualifying interest income under the REIT
gross income tests, as compared to gains at ICIFC from the issuance of pass-
through securities, which receives sale treatment and is fully taxable. The
value of the assets collateralizing CMO borrowings are reflected on the
Company's balance sheet, while the value of the assets backing pass- through
securities are not reflected on the balance sheet. Consequently, CMO borrowings
tend to increase the assets of the Company and to reduce the Company's ratio of
equity capital to total assets, as compared to the sale of pass-through
securities. It is currently expected that the continued use of CMOs will likely
result in a ratio of equity capital to total assets generally between 8% to 13%,
although such ratio may vary substantially depending upon, among other things,
the timing of ICIFC's securitizations and the Company's offerings of equity
capital.
The use of CMOs as financing vehicles tends to increase the Company's
leverage as mortgage loans held for CMO collateral are retained for investment
rather than sold in a secondary market transaction. Retaining mortgage loans as
CMO collateral exposes the Company to greater potential credit losses than from
the use of securitization techniques that are treated as sales. The creation of
a CMO involves an equity investment by the Company to fund collateral in excess
of the amount of the securities issued. Should the Company experience credit
losses greater than expected, the value of the Company's equity investment in
its CMOs would decrease and the Company's financial condition and results of
operations would be materially adversely affected.
A majority of other Company borrowings are collateralized, primarily in the
form of reverse repurchase agreements, which are based on the market value of
the Company's assets pledged to secure the specific borrowings. The cost of
borrowings under a reverse repurchase agreement corresponds to the referenced
interest rate (e.g., the CMT Index or LIBOR) plus or minus a margin. The margin
over or under the referenced interest rate varies
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depending upon the lender, the nature and liquidity of the underlying
collateral, the movement of interest rates, the availability of financing in the
market and other factors. If the returns on the assets and mortgage-backed
securities financed with borrowed funds fail to cover the cost of the
borrowings, the Company will experience net interest losses and may experience
net losses.
The ability of the Company to achieve its investment objectives depends not
only on its ability to borrow money in sufficient amounts and on favorable terms
but also on the Company's ability to renew or replace on a continuous basis its
maturing short-term borrowings. The Company's business strategy relies on short-
term borrowings to fund long-term mortgage loans and investment securities
available for sale. In the event the Company is not able to renew or replace
maturing borrowings, the Company could be required to sell, under adverse market
conditions, all or a portion of its mortgage loans and investment securities
available for sale, and could incur losses as a result. In addition, in such
event the Company may be required to terminate hedge positions, which could
result in further losses to the Company. Such events could have a materially
adverse effect on the Company.
Certain of the Company's mortgage loans may be cross-collateralized to
secure multiple borrowing obligations of the Company to a single lender. A
decline in the market value of such assets could limit the Company's ability to
borrow or result in lenders initiating margin calls (i.e., requiring a pledge of
cash or additional mortgage loans to reestablish the ratio of the amount of the
borrowing to the value of the collateral). The Company could be required to sell
mortgage loans under adverse market conditions in order to maintain liquidity.
If these sales were made at prices lower than the carrying value of its mortgage
loans, the Company would experience losses. A default by the Company under its
collateralized borrowings could also result in a liquidation of the collateral,
including any cross-collateralized assets, and a resulting loss of the
difference between the value of the collateral and the amount borrowed.
Additionally, in the event of a bankruptcy of the Company, certain reverse
repurchase agreements may qualify for special treatment under the Bankruptcy
Code, the effect of which is, among other things, to allow the creditors under
such agreements to avoid the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code
and to liquidate the collateral under such agreements without delay. Conversely,
in the event of a bankruptcy of a party with whom the Company had a reverse
repurchase agreement, the Company might experience difficulty repurchasing the
collateral under such agreement if it were to be repudiated and the Company's
claim against the bankrupt lender for damages resulting therefrom were to be
treated simply as one of an unsecured creditor. Should this occur, the Company's
claims would be subject to significant delay and, if and when received, may be
substantially less than the damages actually suffered by the Company. Although
the Company has entered into reverse repurchase agreements with several
different parties and has developed procedures to reduce its exposure to such
risks, no assurance can be given that the Company will be able to avoid such
third party risks.
To the extent the Company is compelled to liquidate mortgage loans or
mortgage-backed securities classified as Qualified REIT Assets to repay
borrowings, IMH may be unable to comply with the REIT asset and income tests,
possibly jeopardizing IMH's status as a REIT. Gain from the sale or other
disposition of such assets may be included under the 30% gross income test,
which requires, in general, that short-term gain from the sale or other
disposition of stock or securities, gain from prohibited transactions, and gain
on the sale or other disposition of real property held for less than four years
represent less than 30% of the REIT's gross income for each taxable year. The
Code does not provide for any mitigating provisions with respect to the 30%
gross income test. Accordingly, if IMH failed to meet the 30% gross income test,
its status as a REIT would terminate automatically. See "Federal Income Tax
Considerations--Taxation of IMH--Income Tests." The 30% gross income test,
however, has been repealed effective January 1, 1998. See "Federal Income Tax
Considerations - Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997".
The REIT provisions of the Code require IMH to distribute to its
stockholders substantially all of its taxable income. As a result, such
provisions restrict the Company's ability to retain earnings and replenish the
capital committed to its business activities.
The Company's liquidity is also affected by its ability to access the debt
and equity capital markets. To the extent that the Company is unable to
regularly access such markets, the Company could be forced to sell assets at
unfavorable prices or discontinue various business activities in order to meet
its liquidity needs. As a result, any such inability to access the capital
markets could have a negative impact on the Company's earnings.
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Substantially all of the assets of the Conduit Operations have been pledged
to secure the repayment of mortgage-backed securities issued in the
securitization process, reverse repurchase agreements or other borrowings. In
addition, substantially all of the mortgage loans that the Company has acquired
and will in the future acquire have been or will be pledged to secure borrowings
pending their securitization or sale or as a part of their long- term financing.
The cash flows received by the Company from its investments that have not yet
been distributed, pledged or used to acquire mortgage loans or other investments
may be the only unpledged assets available to unsecured creditors and
stockholders in the event of liquidation of the Company.
REDUCTION IN DEMAND FOR RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LOANS AND THE COMPANY'S NON-
CONFORMING LOAN PRODUCTS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE COMPANY'S OPERATIONS
The availability of mortgage loans meeting the Company's criteria is
dependent upon, among other things, the size and level of activity in the
residential real estate lending market and, in particular, the demand for non-
conforming mortgage loans. The size and level of activity in the residential
real estate lending market depend on various factors, including the level of
interest rates, regional and national economic conditions and inflation and
deflation in residential property values, as well as the general regulatory and
tax environment as it relates to mortgage lending. To the extent the Company is
unable to obtain sufficient mortgage loans meeting its criteria, the Company's
business will be adversely affected.
FNMA and FHLMC are not currently permitted to purchase mortgage loans with
original principal balances above $214,000. If this dollar limitation is
increased without a commensurate increase in home prices, the Company's ability
to maintain or increase its current acquisition levels could be adversely
affected as the size of the non-conforming mortgage loan market may be reduced,
and FNMA and FHLMC may be in a position to purchase a greater percentage of the
mortgage loans in the secondary market than they currently acquire.
In general, lower interest rates prompt greater demand for mortgage loans,
because more individuals can afford to purchase residential properties, and
refinancing and second mortgage loan transactions increase. However, if low
interest rates are accompanied by a weak economy and high unemployment, demand
for housing and residential mortgage loans may decline. Conversely, higher
interest rates and lower levels of housing finance and refinance activity may
decrease mortgage loan purchase volume levels, resulting in decreased economies
of scale and higher costs per unit, reduced fee income, smaller gains on the
sale of non-conforming mortgage loans and lower net income.
Although the Company seeks geographic diversification of the properties
underlying the Company's mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities, it does
not set specific limitations on the aggregate percentage of its portfolio
composed of such properties located in any one area (whether by state, zip code
or other geographic measure). Concentration in any one area will increase
exposure of the Company's portfolio to the economic and natural hazard risks
associated with such area. In addition, management estimates that a majority of
the loans included in securitizations in which IMH holds subordinated interests
are secured by properties in California. Certain parts of California have
experienced an economic downturn in past years, particularly in areas of high
defense industry concentration, and have suffered the effects of certain natural
hazards such as earthquakes, fires and floods, as well as riots.
DELINQUENCY RATIOS AND COMPANY PERFORMANCE MAY BE AFFECTED BY CONTRACTED SUB-
SERVICING
ICIFC currently contracts for the sub-servicing of all loans it purchases
and holds for sale or investment with third-party sub-servicers. This
arrangement allows the Conduit Operations to increase the volume of loans it
originates and purchases without incurring the expenses associated with
servicing operations. As with any external service provider, ICIFC is subject to
risks associated with inadequate or untimely services. Many of ICIFC's borrowers
require notices and reminders to keep their loans current and to prevent
delinquencies and foreclosures. A substantial increase in the ICIFC's
delinquency rate or foreclosure rate could adversely affect its ability to
access profitably the capital markets for its financing needs, including future
securitizations. ICIFC regularly reviews the delinquencies of its servicing
portfolio. Although the Conduit Operations periodically reviews the costs
associated with establishing operations to service the loans it purchases, it
has no plans to establish and perform servicing operations at this time.
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Each of ICIFC's sub-servicing agreements with its third-party sub-servicers
provides that if ICIFC terminates the agreement without cause (as defined in the
agreement), ICIFC will be required to pay the third-party sub-servicer a fee.
Further, one such agreement provides that ICIFC shall pay the third-party sub-
servicer a transfer fee per loan for any mortgage loan which ICIFC transfers to
another sub-servicer without terminating the agreement. Depending upon the size
of ICIFC's loan portfolio sub-serviced at any point in time, the termination
penalty that ICIFC would be obligated to pay upon termination without cause, may
be substantial.
ICIFC also subcontracts with sub-servicers to service the loans in each of
the Company's public securitizations. With respect to such loans, the related
pooling and servicing agreements permit ICIFC to be terminated as servicer under
specific conditions described in such agreements, which generally include the
failure to make payments, including advances, within specific time periods. Such
termination would generally be at the option of the trustee and/or the financial
guaranty insurer for such securitization, if applicable, but not at the option
of the Company. If, as a result of a sub-servicer's failure to perform
adequately, ICIFC were terminated as servicer of a securitization, the value of
any servicing rights held by ICIFC would be adversely impacted. In addition,
poor performance by a sub-servicer with respect to any such securitization may
result in greater than expected delinquencies and losses on the related loans,
which would adversely impact the value of any "interest-only," "principal-only"
and subordinated securities held by the Company in connection with such
securitization, which are more sensitive to credit risk. See "-Value of
Interest-Only, Principal-Only, Residual Interest and Subordinated Securities
Subject to Fluctuation."
LIMITED HISTORY OF OPERATIONS OF LIMITED RELEVANCE IN PREDICTING FUTURE
PERFORMANCE
The Company commenced operations on November 20, 1995. Prior to the date of
the Contribution Transaction, ICIFC was a division or subsidiary of ICII, and
IWLG was a division of Southern Pacific Thrift and Loan Association ("SPTL"), a
subsidiary of ICII. Although the Company was profitable for the years ended
December 31, 1996 and 1995 and for the six months ended June 30, 1997, and has
experienced substantial growth in mortgage loan originations and total revenues,
there can be no assurance that the Company will be profitable in the future or
that these rates of growth will be sustainable or indicative of future results.
Prior to the Company's initial public offering in November 1995 (the "Initial
Public Offering"), each of ICIFC and IWLG benefited from the financial,
administrative and other resources of ICII and SPTL, respectively.
In light of this growth, the historical financial performance of the
Company may be of limited relevance in predicting future performance. Since the
Company commenced operations in November 1995, its growth in purchasing loans
has been significant. Also, the loans purchased by the Company and included in
the Company's securitizations have been outstanding for a relatively short
period of time. Consequently, the delinquency and loss experience of the
Company's loans to date may not be indicative of future results. It is unlikely
that the Company will be able to maintain delinquency and loan loss ratios at
their present levels as the portfolio becomes more seasoned.
COMPETITION FOR MORTGAGE LOANS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT THE COMPANY'S OPERATIONS
In purchasing non-conforming mortgage loans and issuing securities backed
by such loans, the Company competes with established mortgage conduit programs,
investment banking firms, savings and loan associations, banks, thrift and loan
associations, finance companies, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, other
lenders and other entities purchasing mortgage assets. Continued consolidation
in the mortgage banking industry may also reduce the number of current sellers
to the Conduit Operations, thus reducing the Company's potential customer base,
resulting in the Company purchasing a larger percentage of mortgage loans from a
smaller number of sellers. Such changes could negatively impact the Conduit
Operations. Mortgage-backed securities issued through the Conduit Operations
face competition from other investment opportunities available to prospective
investors. See "--Reduction in Demand for Residential Mortgage Loans and the
Company's Non-Conforming Loan Products May Adversely Affect the Company's
Operations."
The Company's operations may be affected by the activities of ICII and its
affiliates. As an end-investor in non-conforming mortgage loans, SPTL may
compete with the Company; this activity is restricted by an agreement not to
compete executed by and among the Company, SPTL and ICII in connection
with the Contribution
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Transaction (the "Non-Compete Agreement"). Also, Southern Pacific Funding
Corporation ("SPFC") is an affiliate of ICII whose business is primarily to act
as a wholesale originator and a bulk purchaser of non- conforming mortgage
loans. These activities are not restricted by the Non- Compete Agreement. In
addition, after the expiration of the Non-Compete Agreement in November 1997,
ICII or any 25% entity may compete with the Company's Long-Term Investment
Operations, the Conduit Operations and the Warehouse Lending Operations. A "25%
entity" means any entity of which ICII owns 25% or more of the voting
securities. While the Company believes such activities will not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's operations, there can be no assurance of this.
See "--Relationship with ICII and its Affiliates; Conflicts of Interest."
NO ASSURANCE OF CONTINUED EXPANSION
The Company's total revenues and net income have grown significantly since
the Company's inception, primarily due to increased mortgage purchasing, sales
and investing activities. The Company intends to continue to pursue a growth
strategy for the foreseeable future, and its future operating results will
depend largely upon its ability to expand its Long-Term Investment Operations,
its Conduit Operations and its Warehouse Lending Operations. Each of these plans
requires additional personnel and assets and there can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to successfully expand and operate its expanded operations
profitably. There can be no assurance that the Company will anticipate and
respond effectively to all of the changing demands that its expanding operations
will have on the Company's management, information and operating systems, and
the failure to adapt its systems could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's results of operations and financial condition. There can be no
assurance that the Company will successfully achieve its continued expansion or,
if achieved, that the expansion will result in profitable operations.
LACK OF EXPERIENCE OF THE MANAGER IN MANAGING A REIT MAY HAVE AN ADVERSE AFFECT
ON THE COMPANY
The Company is dependent for the selection, structuring and monitoring of
its assets and associated borrowings on the diligence and skill of its officers
and the officers and employees of the Manager or ICII who's experience in
managing a REIT extends only to the commencement of the Company's operations in
November 1995.
RELATIONSHIP WITH ICII AND ITS AFFILIATES; CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The Company is subject to conflicts of interest arising from its
relationship with its manager, ICAI, and ICAI's affiliates. ICAI, through its
affiliation with ICII, has interests that may conflict with those of the Company
in fulfilling certain of its duties. In addition, certain of the officers and
Directors of ICII or its affiliates are also officers and Directors of the
Company, including H. Wayne Snavely and Joseph R. Tomkinson, Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive Officer of IMH, respectively. The Company also relies
upon ICAI (which has entered into a subcontract with ICII to provide certain
management services to the Company as ICAI deems necessary) for the oversight of
day-to-day operations of its business. All other operations of the Company are
conducted through ICIFC and IWLG. No assurance can be given that the Company's
relationships with ICAI and its affiliates will continue indefinitely. The
failure or inability of ICAI to provide the services required of it under the
Management Agreement (or of ICII to perform its obligations under its
subcontract with ICAI) or any other agreements or arrangements with the Company
would have a material adverse effect on the Company's business.
It is the intention of the Company and ICII that any agreements and
transactions, taken as a whole, between the Company, on the one hand, and ICII
or its affiliates, on the other hand, are fair to both parties. To minimize or
avoid potential conflicts of interests, all three Unaffiliated Directors must
independently and by majority vote approve all such agreements and transactions.
However, there can be no assurance that each of such agreements or transactions
will be on terms at least as favorable to the Company as could have been
obtained from unaffiliated third parties.
Pursuant to the Non-Compete Agreement, except as set forth below, ICII and
any 25% entity may not compete with the Warehouse Lending Operations and may not
establish a network of third party correspondent loan originators or another
end-investor in non-conforming mortgage loans. Pursuant to the Non- Compete
Agreement, SPTL may continue to act as an end-investor in non-conforming
mortgage loans and SPFC, may continue its
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business, which is primarily to act as a wholesale originator and bulk purchaser
of non-conforming mortgage loans. Pursuant to a right of first refusal agreement
executed by and between ICIFC and ICII in connection with the Contribution
Transaction (the "Right of First Refusal Agreement"), ICII has granted ICIFC a
right of first refusal to purchase all non-conforming mortgage loans that ICII
or any 25% entity originates or acquires and subsequently offers for sale and
ICIFC has granted ICII or any 25% entity designated by ICII a right of first
refusal to purchase all conforming mortgage loans that ICIFC acquires and
subsequently offers for sale. The Common Stock of ICIFC is currently owned by
Joseph R. Tomkinson, Chief Executive Officer of IMH and ICIFC, William S.
Ashmore, President of IMH and Executive Vice President of ICIFC and Richard J.
Johnson, Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of IMH and
ICIFC.
CONSEQUENCES OF FAILURE TO MAINTAIN REIT STATUS MAY INCLUDE IMH BEING SUBJECT TO
TAX AS A REGULAR CORPORATION
Commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1995, IMH has operated
and intends to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Code.
Although IMH believes that it has operated and will continue to operate in such
a manner, no assurance can be given that IMH was organized or has operated, or
will be able to continue to operate, in a manner which will allow it to qualify
as a REIT. Qualification as a REIT involves the satisfaction of numerous
requirements (some on an annual and others on a quarterly basis) established
under highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only
limited judicial and administrative interpretations, and involves the
determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within
IMH's control. For example, in order to qualify as a REIT, at least 95% of IMH's
gross income (including the gross income of IWLG and IMH Assets) in any year
must be derived from qualifying sources, and IMH must pay distributions to
stockholders aggregating annually at least 95% of its (including IWLG's and IMH
Assets') taxable income (determined without regard to the dividends paid
deduction and by excluding net capital gains). No assurance can be given that
legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions
will not significantly change the tax laws with respect to qualification as a
REIT or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification. IMH has
received an opinion from Latham & Watkins, tax counsel to IMH, as of
______________, 1997, to the effect that, commencing with IMH's taxable year
ended December 31, 1995, IMH has been organized in conformity with the
requirements for qualification as a REIT, and its proposed method of operation
has enabled and will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and
taxation as a REIT under the Code. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--
Taxation of IMH" and "Legal Matters." Such legal opinion is based on various
assumptions and factual representations by IMH regarding IMH's ability to meet
the various requirements for qualification as a REIT, and no assurance can be
given that actual operating results will meet these requirements. Such legal
opinion is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service (the "Service") or any
court.
Among the requirements for REIT qualification is that the value of any one
issuer's securities held by a REIT may not exceed the value of 5% of the REIT's
total assets on certain testing dates. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--
Taxation of IMH--Requirements for Qualification." IMH believes that the
aggregate value of the securities of ICIFC held by IMH have been and will
continue to be less than 5% of the value of IMH's total assets. In rendering its
opinion as to the qualification of IMH as a REIT, Latham & Watkins is relying on
the representation of IMH regarding the value of its securities in ICIFC.
If IMH were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, IMH would be
subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax)
on its (including IWLG's and IMH Assets') taxable income at regular corporate
rates and would not be allowed a deduction in computing its taxable income for
amounts distributed to its stockholders. Moreover, unless entitled to relief
under certain statutory provisions, IMH also would be disqualified from
treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which
qualification is lost. This treatment would reduce the net income of IMH
available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the
additional tax liability to IMH for the years involved. In addition,
distributions to stockholders would no longer be required to be made. See
"Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of IMH--Requirements for
Qualification."
Even if IMH maintains its REIT status, it may be subject to certain
federal, state and local taxes on its income. For example, if IMH has net income
from a prohibited transaction, such income will be subject to a 100% tax. See
"Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of IMH." In addition, the net
income, if any, from the
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Conduit Operations conducted through ICIFC is subject to federal income tax at
regular corporate tax rates. See "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Other Tax
Consequences."
COMPANY'S OPERATIONS MAY BE ADVERSELY AFFECTED IF THE COMPANY IS SUBJECT TO THE
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT
The Company at all times intends to conduct its business so as not to
become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
Accordingly, the Company does not expect to be subject to the restrictive
provisions of the Investment Company Act. The Investment Company Act exempts
entities that are "primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise
acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate"
("Qualifying Interests"). Under the current interpretation of the staff of the
Commission, in order to qualify for this exemption, the Company must maintain at
least 55% of its assets directly in mortgage loans, qualifying pass-through
certificates and certain other Qualifying Interests in real estate. In addition,
unless certain mortgage securities represent all the certificates issued with
respect to an underlying pool of mortgages, such mortgage securities may be
treated as securities separate from the underlying mortgage loans and, thus, may
not qualify as Qualifying Interests for purposes of the 55% requirement. The
Company's ownership of certain mortgage loans therefore may be limited by the
provisions of the Investment Company Act. In addition, in meeting the 55%
requirement under the Investment Company Act, the Company intends to consider
privately issued certificates issued with respect to an underlying pool as to
which the Company holds all issued certificates as Qualifying Interests. If the
Commission, or its staff, adopts a contrary interpretation with respect to such
securities, the Company could be required to restructure its activities to the
extent its holdings of such privately issued certificates did not comply with
the interpretation. Such a restructuring could require the sale of a substantial
amount of privately issued certificates held by the Company at a time it would
not otherwise do so. Further, in order to insure that the Company at all times
continues to qualify for the above exemption from the Investment Company Act,
the Company may be required at times to adopt less efficient methods of
financing certain of its mortgage loans and investments in mortgage-backed
securities than would otherwise be the case and may be precluded from acquiring
certain types of such mortgage assets whose yield is somewhat higher than the
yield on assets that could be purchased in a manner consistent with the
exemption. The net effect of these factors will be to lower at times the
Company's net interest income, although the Company does not expect the effect
to be material. If the Company fails to qualify for exemption from registration
as an investment company, its ability to use leverage would be substantially
reduced, and it would be unable to conduct its business as described herein. Any
such failure to qualify for such exemption could have a material adverse effect
on the Company.
FUTURE REVISIONS IN POLICIES AND STRATEGIES AT THE DISCRETION OF THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS MAY BE AFFECTED WITHOUT STOCKHOLDER CONSENT
The Board of Directors, including a majority of the Unaffiliated Directors,
has established the investment policies and operating policies and strategies.
With respect to other matters, the Company may, in the future, but currently has
no present plans to, invest in the securities of other REITs for the purpose of
exercising control, offer securities in exchange for property or offer to
repurchase or otherwise reacquire its shares or other securities. The Company
may also, but does not currently intend to underwrite the securities of other
issuers. However, any of the policies, strategies and activities referenced
above or described in this Prospectus may be modified or waived by the Board of
Directors, subject in certain cases to approval by a majority of the
Unaffiliated Directors, without stockholder consent.
EFFECT OF FUTURE OFFERINGS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT MARKET PRICE OF THE SECURITIES
The Company in the future intends to increase its capital resources by
making additional private or public offerings of Securities. The actual or
perceived effect of such offerings, the timing of which cannot be predicted, may
be the dilution of the book value or earnings per share of the Company's Common
Stock or other Securities then outstanding, which may result in the reduction of
the market price of such Common Stock or other Securities.
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RISK RELATING TO COMMON STOCK
Shares Eligible for Future Sale May Adversely Affect the Market Price of
the Securities. Sale of substantial amounts of the Company's Common Stock in
the public market or the prospect of such sales could materially and adversely
affect the market price of such Common Stock or other Securities then
outstanding.
RISK RELATING TO PREFERRED STOCK
Issuance of Preferred Stock Could Adversely Affect Common Stockholders.
IMH's charter (the "Charter") authorizes the Board of Directors to issue shares
of Preferred Stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of Common
Stock or Preferred Stock into one or more classes or series of stock. The
Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time with such designations,
preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions,
limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or
conditions of redemption as shall be determined by the Board of Directors
subject to the provisions of the Charter regarding restrictions on transfer of
stock. Preferred Stock is available for possible future financing of, or
acquisitions by, IMH and for general corporate purposes without further
stockholder authorization. Thus, the Board could authorize the issuance of
shares of Preferred Stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect
of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of IMH by means of a
merger, tender offer, proxy contest or other transaction which could involve a
premium price for holders of Common Stock or otherwise be in their best
interest. The Preferred Stock, if issued, may have a preference on dividend
payments which could reduce the assets available to IMH to make distributions to
the common stockholders. As of the date hereof, no shares of Preferred Stock
have been issued but such securities may be offered hereby. The issuance of any
shares of Preferred Stock covered by this Prospectus would require further
action by the Board of Directors. See "Description of Securities."
RISK RELATING TO DEBT SECURITIES
Substantial Leverage; Ability to Service Outstanding Indebtedness. The
Company's ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, or to pay the
interest on, any Debt Securities will depend upon its future performance which,
to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive,
legislative, regulatory and other factors beyond its control. There can be no
assurance, however, that the Company's business will generate sufficient cash
flow from operations or that future borrowings will be available in an amount
sufficient to enable the Company to service any Debt Securities. It may be
necessary for the Company to refinance all or a portion of the principal of any
Debt Securities on or prior to maturity, under certain circumstances, but there
can be no assurance that the Company will be able to effect such refinancing on
commercially reasonable terms or at all.
The degree to which the Company is leveraged following the issuance of any
Debt Securities could have material adverse effects on the Company and the
holders of any Debt Securities, including, but not limited to, the following:
(i) the Company's ability to obtain additional financing in the future for
working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and general corporate or
other purposes may be impaired, (ii) a substantial portion of the Company's cash
flow from operations will be dedicated to debt service and will be unavailable
for other purposes, (iii) certain of the Company's borrowings may be at variable
rates of interest, which could result in higher interest expense in the event of
increases in interest rates and (iv) the Company will likely be subject to a
variety of restrictive covenants, the failure to comply with which could result
in events of default that, if not cured or waived, could restrict the Company's
ability to make payments of principal of, and interest on any Debt Securities.
LEGAL RESTRICTIONS ON SALES OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING THE SECURITIES
WARRANTS AND THE SECURITIES WARRANTS
The Securities Warrants are not exercisable unless, at the time of the
exercise, the Company has a current prospectus covering the Securities issuable
upon exercise of the Securities Warrants, and such shares have been registered,
qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of
residence of the exercising holder of the Securities Warrants. Although the
Company will use its best efforts to have all the Securities issuable upon
exercise of the Securities Warrants registered or qualified on or before the
exercise date and to maintain a current prospectus relating thereto until the
expiration of the Securities Warrants, there can be no assurance that it will be
able to do so. Further, although the Company intends to seek to qualify the
Securities underlying the
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Securities Warrants for sale in those states in which such Securities are to be
offered, no assurance can be given that such qualification will be achieved. The
Securities Warrants may be deprived of any value if a current prospectus
covering the Securities issuable upon the exercise thereof is not filed and kept
effective or if such underlying Securities are not, or cannot be, registered in
the applicable states.
SUBSTANTIAL SHARES OF COMMON STOCK RESERVED FOR EXERCISE OF WARRANTS
The existence of the Securities Warrants may prove to be a hindrance to
future equity financing by the Company. Further, the holders of such Securities
Warrants may exercise them at a time when the Company would otherwise be able to
obtain additional equity capital on terms more favorable to the Company.
ABSENCE OF PUBLIC MARKET FOR THE PREFERRED STOCK, DEBT SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
All of the Securities when issued will be a new issue of securities with no
established trading market, other than the Common Stock, which is listed on the
AMEX. Any Common Stock sold pursuant to a Prospectus Supplement will be listed
on the AMEX, subject to official notice of issuance. Any underwriters to whom
Securities are sold by the Company for public offering and sale may make a
market in such Securities, but such underwriters will not be obligated to do so
and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance
can be given as to the liquidity of the secondary market for any such
Securities.
RESTRICTIONS ON OWNERSHIP OF COMMON STOCK MAY INHIBIT MARKET ACTIVITY; POSSIBLE
ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECT MAY DETER TAKE-OVER OF THE COMPANY
In order for IMH to maintain its qualification as a REIT, not more than 50%
in value of the outstanding shares of IMH's capital stock, including Common
Stock, may be owned, actually or constructively, by or for five or fewer
individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last
half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which the election to be
treated as a REIT has been made). Furthermore, after the first taxable year for
which the REIT election was made, IMH's shares of capital stock, including
Common Stock, must be held by a minimum of 100 persons for at least 335 days of
a 12-month taxable year (or a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year). In
order to protect IMH against the risk of losing REIT status due to a
concentration of ownership among its stockholders, the Charter limits actual or
constructive ownership of (i) the outstanding shares of Common Stock by any
person to 9.5% (the "Ownership Limit") (in value or in number of shares,
whichever is more restrictive) of the then outstanding shares of Common Stock or
(ii) the outstanding shares of stock of IMH by any person to 9.5% in value (the
"Aggregate Ownership Limit"). See "Description of Capital Stock--Repurchase of
Shares and Restrictions on Transfer." Although the Board of Directors presently
has no intention of doing so (except as described below), the Board of
Directors, in its sole discretion, could waive the Ownership Limit or the
Aggregate Ownership Limit with respect to a particular person if it were
satisfied, based upon the advice of tax counsel or otherwise, that ownership by
such person in excess of the Ownership Limit would not jeopardize IMH's status
as a REIT. The Board of Directors may from time to time increase or, subject to
certain limitations, decrease the Ownership Limit or the Aggregate Ownership
Limit.
Actual or constructive ownership of shares of stock in excess of the
Ownership Limit or the Aggregate Ownership Limit, or, with the consent of the
Board of Directors, such other limit, which would cause IMH not to qualify as a
REIT, will cause the violative transfer of ownership to be void with respect to
the intended transferee or owner as to that number of shares in excess of such
limit, and such shares will be automatically transferred to a trustee for the
benefit of a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary. The trustee of
such trust shall sell such shares and distribute the net proceeds generally as
follows: the intended transferee shall receive the lesser of (i) the price paid
by the intended transferee for such excess shares and (ii) the sales proceeds
received by the trustee for such excess shares. Any proceeds in excess of the
amount distributable to the intended transferee will be distributed to the
charitable beneficiary. In addition, shares of stock held in trust shall be
deemed to have been offered for sale to IMH, or its designee, at a price per
share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that
resulted in such transfer to the trust and (ii) the Market Price (as defined
below) on the date IMH, or its designee, accepts such offer. IMH shall have the
right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares held in the
trust. Upon such a sale to IMH, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in
the shares sold shall terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net
proceeds of the sale to the intended transferee. Also, such intended transferee
shall have no
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right to vote such shares or be entitled to dividends or other distributions
with respect to such shares. See "Description of Capital Stock--Repurchase of
Shares and Restrictions on Transfer" for additional information regarding the
Ownership Limit.
These provisions may inhibit market activity in shares of Common Stock and
the opportunity for IMH's stockholders to receive a premium for their shares
that might otherwise exist if any person were to attempt to assemble a block of
shares of Common Stock in excess of the number of shares permitted under the
Charter. Such provisions also may make IMH an unsuitable investment vehicle for
any person seeking to obtain ownership of more than 9.5% of the outstanding
shares of Common Stock.
In addition, certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law
("MGCL") and of IMH's Charter and Bylaws may also have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change in control of the Company or other transaction
that may involve a premium price for holders of Common Stock or otherwise be in
their best interest. See "Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of the
Company's Charter and Bylaws."
USE OF PROCEEDS
Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement for any
offering of Securities, the net proceeds from the sale of Securities offered by
the Company will be available for the general corporate purposes of the Company.
These general corporate purposes may include, without limitation, funding the
Long-Term Investment Operations, the Conduit Operations and the Warehouse
Lending Operations repayment of maturing obligations, redemption of outstanding
indebtedness, financing future acquisitions (including acquisitions of mortgage
loans and other mortgage-related products), capital expenditures and working
capital. Pending any such uses, the Company may invest the net proceeds from
the sale of any Securities or may use them to reduce short-term indebtedness.
If the Company intends to use the net proceeds from a sale of Securities to
finance a significant acquisition, the related Prospectus Supplements will
describe the material terms of such acquisition.
If Debt Securities are issued to one or more persons in exchange for the
Company's outstanding debt securities, if any, the accompanying Prospectus
Supplement related to such offering of Debt Securities will set forth the
aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities which the Company
will receive in such exchange and which will cease to be outstanding, the
residual cash payment, if any, which the Company may receive from such persons
or which such persons may receive from the Company, as appropriate, the dates
from which the Company will pay interest accrued on the outstanding debt
securities to be exchanged for the offered Debt Securities and an estimate of
the Company's expenses in respect of such offering of the Debt Securities.
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following is the computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges
including CMO debt(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Six Months
Ended June 30 Year Ended December 31
------------- ----------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1996 1995(2) 1994(2) 1993(2) 1992(2)
----- ---- ----- ------- ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges 1.2x 1.1x 1.2x 1.6x 1.6x 9.9x 5.0x
===== ==== ==== ======= ===== ======= =======
</TABLE>
- -------------
(1) Earnings used in computing the ratio of earnings to fixed charges consist
of net income before income taxes plus fixed charges. Fixed charges
consist of interest expense on long-term debt (including amortization of
loan premiums and the portion of rental expense deemed to represent the
interest factor).
(2) Data prior to the Contribution Transaction is based upon the historical
operations of IWLG, as a division of SPTL, and includes the Company's
equity interest in ICIFC, as a division of ICII.
These ratios represent a measure of the ability to meet debt service
obligations from funds generated from operations.
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<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following is a brief description of the material terms of the
Securities. This description does not purport to be complete and is subject in
all respects to applicable Maryland law and the Company's Charter and Bylaws,
copies of which are on file with the Commission, and are incorporated by
reference herein. See "Available Information."
GENERAL
The Company may offer under this Prospectus one or more of the following
categories of its Securities: (i) shares of its Common Stock, $0.01 par value
per share; (ii) shares of its Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, in one
or more series; (iii) Debt Securities, in one or more series, any series of
which may be either Senior Debt Securities or Subordinated Debt Securities; (iv)
Common Stock Warrants; (v) Preferred Stock Warrants; (vi) Debt Warrants; and
(vii) any combination of the foregoing, either individually or as units
consisting of one or more of the types of Securities described in clauses (i)
through (vi). The terms of any specific offering of securities, including the
terms of any units offered, will be set forth in a Prospectus Supplement
relating to such offering.
The authorized stock of IMH consists of 50,000,000 shares of Common Stock,
$0.01 par value per share, and 10,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par
value per share. It is expected that meetings of the stockholders of IMH will
be held annually. Special meetings of the stockholders may be called by the
President, Chief Executive Officer, a majority of the entire Board of Directors
or a majority of the Unaffiliated Directors and must be called upon the written
request of holders of shares entitled to cast at least 25% of all the votes
entitled to be cast at the meeting. The Charter reserves to IMH the right to
amend any provision thereof in the manner prescribed by Maryland law upon the
affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the
votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except that the provision requiring the
affirmative vote of the holders of two-third of votes entitled to be cast in the
election of directors to remove a director may only be amended upon the
affirmative vote of the holders of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast
in the election of directors. The Common Stock is listed on the American Stock
Exchange. The Company intends to list any additional shares of its Common Stock
which are issued and sold hereunder. The Company may list any series of its
Preferred Stock which are offered and sold hereunder, as described in the
Prospectus Supplement relating to such series of Preferred Stock.
CAPITAL STOCK
COMMON STOCK
Each share of Common stock is entitled to participate equally in dividends
when and as authorized by the Board of Directors and in the distribution of
assets of IMH upon liquidation. Each share of Common Stock is entitled to one
vote, subject to the provisions of the Charter regarding restrictions on
transfer of stock, and will be fully paid and nonassessable by IMH upon
issuance. Shares of Common Stock have no preference, conversion, exchange,
preemptive or cumulative voting rights. The authorized stock of IMH may be
increased and altered from time to time in the manner prescribed by Maryland law
upon the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority
of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. The Charter authorizes the
Board of Directors to reclassify any unissued shares of its Common Stock in one
or more classes or series of stock.
PREFERRED STOCK
The Charter authorizes the Board of Directors to issue shares of Preferred
Stock and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of Preferred Stock into
one or more classes or series. The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to
time with such designations, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting
powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions,
qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption as shall be determined by
the Board of Directors subject to the provisions of the Charter regarding
restrictions on transfer of stock. Preferred Stock is available for possible
future financing of, or acquisitions by, IMH and for general corporate purposes
without further stockholder authorization, Thus, the Board could authorize the
issuance of shares of Preferred Stock with terms and conditions which could have
the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a
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<PAGE>
change in control of IMH by means of a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or
otherwise. The Preferred Stock, if issued, may have a preference on dividend
payments which could reduce the assets available to IMH to make distributions to
the common stockholders. As of the date hereof, no shares of Preferred Stock
have been issued. The particular terms of any series of Preferred Stock offered
hereby will be described in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
REPURCHASE OF SHARES AND RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER
For IMH to qualify as a REIT under the Code, no more than 50% in value of
its outstanding shares of stock may be owned, actually or constructively, by or
for five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain
entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for
which an election to be treated as a REIT has been made). In addition, a REIT's
stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during the last 335 days
of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter
taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be treated as a
REIT has been made).
Because IMH expects to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Charter contains
restrictions on the transfer of Common Stock which are intended to assist IMH in
complying with these requirements. The Charter prohibits any person, subject to
certain specified exceptions discussed below, from owning, actually or
constructively, (i) shares of Common Stock in excess of 9.5% (in value or in
number, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding shares of Common Stock
or (ii) shares of stock of IMH in excess of 9.5% in value the aggregate value of
the outstanding shares of stock of the Company (the "Aggregate Ownership
Limit"). The constructive ownership rules are complex, and may cause shares of
stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or
entities to be constructively owned by one individual or entity. As a result,
the acquisition of less than 9.5% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (or
the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or
constructively, shares of Common Stock) by an individual or entity, could
nevertheless cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity,
to own constructively shares of stock in excess of the Ownership Limit or the
Aggregate Ownership Limit, or such other limit as provided in the Charter or as
otherwise permitted by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, but
in no event will be required to, exempt a person from the Ownership Limit or the
Aggregate Ownership Limit if it determines that such person's ownership of
shares of stock in excess of such limits will not jeopardize IMH's status as a
REIT. As a condition of such waiver, the Board of Directors may require a
ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or opinions of counsel satisfactory to
it and/or undertakings or representations from the applicant with respect to
IMH's status as a REIT.
IMH's Charter further prohibits (a) any person from actually or
constructively owing shares of Common Stock that would result in IMH being
"closely held" under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause IMH to fail
to qualify as a REIT, and (b) any person from transferring shares of Common
Stock if such transfer would result in shares of Common Stock being owned by
fewer than 100 persons. Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to
acquire actual or constructive ownership of shares of stock of IMH that will or
may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership
is required to give written notice immediately to IMH and provide IMH with such
other information as it may request in order to determine the effect of such
transfer on its status as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on transferability
and ownership will not apply if the Board of Directors determines that it is no
longer in the best interest of IMH to attempt to qualify, or to continue to
qualify, as a REIT. The Board of Directors may from time to time increase or,
subject to certain limitations, decrease the Ownership Limit and the Aggregate
Ownership Limit.
Pursuant to the Charter, if any purported transfer of Common Stock or any
other event would otherwise result in any person owning shares of stock in
excess of the Ownership Limit or the Aggregate Ownership Limit or in IMH being
"closely held" as described above or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT,
then that number of shares of stock the actual or constructive ownership of
which otherwise would cause such person to violate such restrictions (rounded to
the nearest whose share) will be automatically transferred to a trustee (the
"Trustee") as trustee of a trust (the "Trust") for the exclusive benefit of one
or more charitable beneficiaries (the "Charitable Beneficiary"), and the
intended transferee will not acquire any rights in such shares. Shares held by
the Trustee will constitute issued and outstanding shares of stock. The
intended transferee will not benefit economically from ownership of any shares
held in the Trust, will have no rights to dividends and will not possess any
rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the Trust.
The Trustee will have all voting rights and rights to
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<PAGE>
dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held in the Trust, which
rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable
Beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by
IMH that shares of stock have been transferred to the Trustee will be paid with
respect to such shares to the Trustee upon demand and any dividend or other
distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the Trustee. Any
dividends or distributions so paid over to the Trustee will be held in trust for
the Charitable Beneficiary. Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date
that such shares have been transferred to the Trustee, the Trustee will have the
authority (at the Trustee's sole discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote
cast by an intended transferee prior to the discovery by IMH that such shares
have been transferred to the Trustee and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance
with the desires of the Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable
Beneficiary.
Within 20 days of receiving notice from IMH that shares of stock have been
transferred to the Trust, the Trustee will sell the shares held in the Trust to
a person designated by the Trustee whose ownership of the shares will not
violate the ownership restrictions set forth in the Charter. Upon such sale,
the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and
the Trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the intended
transferee and to the Charitable Beneficiary as follows: the intended
transferee will receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the intended
transferee for the shares or, if the intended did not give value for the shares
in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the Trust (e.g.,
in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price (as
defined below) of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be
held in the Trust and (2) the price per share received by the Trustee from the
sale or other disposition of the shares held in the Trust. Any net sales
proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the intended transferee will be
immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary.
In addition, shares of stock held in Trust will be deemed to have been
offered for sale to IMH, or its designee, at a price per share equal to the
lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such
transfer to the Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price (as
defined in the Charter) at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market
Price on the date IMH, or its designee, accepts such offer, IMH will have the
right to accept such offer until the Trustee has sold the shares held in the
Trust. Upon such a sale to IMH, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in
the shares sold will terminate and the Trustee will distribute the net proceeds
of the sale to the intended transferee.
The Charter defines the term "Market Price" on any date, with respect to
any class or series of outstanding shares of IMH's stock, as the Closing Price
(as defined below) for such shares on such date. The "Closing Price" on any
date shall mean the last sale price for such shares, regular way, or, in case no
such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked
prices, regular way, for such shares, in either case as reported in the
principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities
listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or, if such shares are not listed or
admitted to trading on the NYSE, as reported on the principal consolidated
transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal
national securities exchange on which such shares are listed or admitted to
trading or, if such shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national
securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of
the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-customer market, as reported
by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation
System or, if such system is no longer in use, the principal other automated
quotation system that may then be in use or, if such shares are not quoted by
any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as
furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such shares selected
by the Board of Directors or, in the event that no trading price is available
for such shares, the fair market value of the shares, as determined in good
faith by the Board of Directors.
If any purported transfer of shares of stock of IMH shall cause IMH to be
beneficially owned be fewer than 100 persons, such transfer will be null and
void in its entirety and the intended transferee will acquire no rights to such
shares.
All certificates representing shares of Common Stock bear a legend
referring to the restrictions described above.
Every owner of more than 5% (or such lower percentage as required by the
Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) of all classes or series of the
Company's stock, including shares of Common Stock, within
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<PAGE>
30 days after the end of each taxable year, is required to give written notice
to the Company stating the name and address of such owner, the number of shares
of each class and series of stock of the Company beneficially owned and a
description of the manner in which such shares are held. Each such owner shall
provide to the Company such additional information as the Company may request in
order to determine the effect, if any, of such beneficial ownership on IMH's
status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Ownership Limit.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for the Company's Common Stock is Boston
EquiServe, L.P., North Quincy, Massachusetts.
SECURITIES WARRANTS
GENERAL
The Company may issue Securities Warrants for the Purchase of Common Stock,
Preferred Stock or Debt Securities. Such warrants are referred to herein as
Common Stock Warrants, Preferred Stock Warrants or Debt Warrants, as
appropriate. Securities Warrants may be issued independently or together with
any other Securities covered by the Registration Statement and offered by this
Prospectus and any accompanying Prospectus Supplement and may be attached to or
separate from such other Securities. Each series of Securities Warrants will
be issued under a separate agreement (each, a "Securities Warrant Agreement") to
be entered into between the Company and a bank or trust company, as agent (each,
a "Securities Warrant Agent"), all as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to the particular issue of offered evidenced by warrant certificates
(the "Securities Warrant Certificates"). The Securities Warrant Agent will act
solely as an agent of the Company in connection with the Securities Warrant
Certificates and will not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or
trust for or with any holders of Securities Warrant Certificates or beneficial
owners of Securities Warrants. Copies of the definitive Securities Warrant
Agreements and Securities Warrant Certificates will be filed with the Commission
by means of a Current Report on Form 8-K in connection with the offering of such
series of Securities Warrants.
If Securities Warrants are offered, the applicable Prospectus Supplement
will describe the terms of such Securities Warrants, including in the case of
Securities Warrants for the purchase of Debt Securities, the following where
applicable: (i) the offering price; (ii) the currencies in which such Debt
Warrants are being offered; (iii) the designation, aggregate principal amount,
currencies, denominations and terms of the series of Debt Securities purchasable
upon exercise of such Debt Warrants; (iv) the designation and terms of any
Securities with which such Debt Warrants are being offered and the number of
such Debt Warrants being offered with each such Security; (v) the date on and
after which such Debt Warrants and the related Securities will be transferable
separately; (vi) the principal amount of the series of Debt Securities
purchasable upon exercise of each such Debt Warrant and the price at which the
currencies in which such principal amount of Debt Securities of such series may
be purchased upon such exercise; (vii) the date on which the right to exercise
such Debt Warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire
(the "Expiration Date"); (viii) whether the Debt Warrant will be issued in
registered or bearer form; (ix) certain federal income tax consequences; and (x)
any other material terms of such Debt Warrants.
In the case of Securities Warrants for the purchase of Preferred Stock or
Common Stock, the applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe the terms of
such Securities Warrants, including the following where applicable: (i) the
offering price; (ii) the aggregate number of shares purchasable upon exercise of
such Securities Warrants, and in the case of Securities Warrants for Preferred
Stock, the designation, aggregate number and terms of the series of Preferred
Stock purchasable upon exercise of such Securities Warrants; (iii) the
designation and terms of the Securities with which such Securities Warrants are
being offered and the number of such Securities Warrants being offered with each
such Security; (iv) the date on and after which such Securities Warrants and the
related Securities will be transferable separately; (v) the number of shares of
Preferred Stock or shares of Common Stock purchasable upon exercise of each such
Securities Warrant and the price at which such number of shares of Preferred
Stock of such series or shares of Common Stock may be purchased upon such
exercise; (vi) the date on which the right to exercise such Securities Warrants
shall commence and the Expiration Date on which such right shall expire; (vii)
certain federal income tax consequences; and (viii) any other material terms of
such Securities Warrants.
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Securities Warrant Certificates may be exchanged for new Securities Warrant
Certificates of different denominations, may (if in registered form) be
presented for registration of transfer, and may be exercised at the corporate
trust office of the appropriate Securities Warrant Agent or other office
indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Prior to the exercise of any
Securities Warrant to purchase Debt Securities, holders of such Debt Warrants
will not have any of the rights of Holders of the Debt Securities purchasable
upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of principal,
premium, if any, or interest, if any, on the Debt Securities purchasable upon
such exercise or to enforce covenants in the applicable Indenture. Prior to the
exercise of any Securities Warrants to purchase Preferred Stock or Common Stock,
holders of such Preferred Stock Warrants or Common Stock Warrants will not have
any rights of holders of the respective Preferred Stock or Common Stock
purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of
dividends, if any, on the Preferred Stock or Common Stock purchasable upon such
exercise or to exercise any applicable right to vote.
EXERCISE OF SECURITIES WARRANTS
Each Securities Warrant will entitle the holder thereof to purchase such
principal amount of Debt Securities or number of shares of Preferred Stock or
shares of Common Stock, as the case may be, at such exercise price as shall in
each case be set forth in, or calculable from, the Prospectus Supplement
relating to the offered Securities Warrants. After the close of business on the
Expiration Date (or such later date to which such Expiration Date may be
extended by the Company), unexercised Securities Warrants will become void.
Securities Warrants may be exercised by delivering to the Securities
Warrant Agent payment, as provided in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, of
the amount required to purchase the applicable Debt Securities, Preferred Stock
or Common Stock purchasable upon such exercise together with certain information
set forth on the reverse side of the Securities Warrant Certificate. Upon
receipt of such payment and the definitive Securities Warrant Certificates
properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the
Securities Warrant Agent or any other office indicated in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement, the Company will, as soon as practicable, issue and
deliver the applicable Debt Securities, Preferred Stock or Common Stock
purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the Securities Warrants
represented by such Securities Warrant Certificate are exercised, a new
Securities Warrant Certificate will be issued for the remaining amount of
Securities Warrants.
AMENDMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTS TO SECURITIES WARRANT AGREEMENTS
Each Securities Warrant Agreement may be amended or supplemented without
the consent of the holders of the Securities Warrants issued thereunder to
effect changes that are not inconsistent with the provisions of the Securities
Warrants and that do not adversely affect the interests of the holders of the
Securities Warrants.
COMMON STOCK WARRANT ADJUSTMENTS
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
exercise price of, and the number of shares of Common Stock covered by, a Common
Stock Warrant are subject to adjustment in certain events, including: (i) the
issuance of Common Stock as a dividend or distribution on the Common Stock; (ii)
subdivisions and combinations of the Common Stock; (iii) the issuance to all
holders of Common Stock of certain rights or warrants entitling them to
subscribe for or purchase Common Stock within the number of days, specified in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement, after the date fixed for the determination
of the stockholders entitled to receive such rights or warrants, at less than
the current market price (as defined in the Securities Warrant Agreement
governing such series of Common Stock Warrants); and (iv) the distribution to
all holders of Common Stock of evidences of indebtedness or assets of the
Company (excluding certain cash dividends and distributions described below).
The terms of any such adjustment will be specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement for such Common Stock Warrants.
NO RIGHTS AS STOCKHOLDERS
Holders of Common Stock Warrants will not be entitled by virtue of being
such holders, to vote, to consent, to receive dividends, to receive notice as
stockholders with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the
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election of directors of the Company of any other matter, or to exercise any
rights whatsoever as stockholders of the Company.
EXISTING SECURITIES HOLDERS
The Company may issue, as a dividend at no cost, such Securities Warrants
to holders of record of the Company's Securities or any class thereof on the
applicable record date. If Securities Warrants are so issued to existing
holders of Securities, the applicable Prospectus Supplement will describe, in
addition to the terms of the Securities Warrants and the Securities issuable
upon exercise thereof, the provisions, if any, for a holder of such Securities
Warrants who validly exercises all Securities Warrants issued to such holder to
subscribe for unsubscribed Securities (issuable pursuant to unexercised
Securities Warrants issued to other holders) to the extent such Securities
Warrants have not been exercised.
DEBT SECURITIES
GENERAL
The Company may offer one or more series of its Debt Securities
representing general, unsecured obligations of the Company. Any series of Debt
Securities may either (1) rank prior to all subordinated indebtedness of the
Company and pari passu with all other unsecured indebtedness of the Company
outstanding on the date of the issuance of such Debt Securities ("Senior Debt
Securities") or (2) be subordinated in right of payments to certain other
obligations of the Company outstanding on the date of issuance ("Subordinated
Debt Securities"). In this Prospectus, any indenture relating to Subordinated
Debt Securities is referred to as a "Subordinated Indenture," any indenture
relating to Senior Debt Securities is referred to as a "Senior Indenture" and
the term "Indenture" refers to Senior and Subordinated Indentures, collectively.
The aggregate principal amount of Debt Securities which may be issued by
the Company will be set from time to time by the Board of Directors. Further,
the amount of Debt Securities which may be offered by this Prospectus will be
subject to the aggregate initial offering price of Securities specified in the
Registration Statement. Each Indenture will permit the issuance of an unlimited
amount of Debt Securities thereunder from time to time in one or more series.
Additional debt securities may be issued pursuant to another registration
statement for issuance under any Indenture. Any offering of Debt Securities may
be denominated in any currency composite designated by the Company.
The following description of the Debt Securities which may be offered by
the Company hereunder describes certain general terms and provisions of the Debt
Securities to which any Prospectus Supplement may relate. The particular terms
and provisions of the Debt Securities and the extent to which the following
general provisions may apply to such offering of Debt Securities will be
described in the accompanying Prospectus Supplement relating to such offering of
Debt Securities. The following descriptions of certain provisions of the
Indentures do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by
reference to the form of Senior Indenture or Subordinated Indenture, as
appropriate. The definitive Indenture relating to each offering of Debt
Securities will be filed with the Commission by means of a Current Report on
Form 8-K in connection with the offering of such Debt Securities. All article
and section references appearing herein are references to the articles and
sections of the appropriate Indenture and, unless defined herein, all
capitalized terms have the respective meanings specified in the appropriate
Indenture.
The Prospectus Supplement relating to any offering of Debt Securities will
set forth the following terms and other information to the extent applicable
with respect to the Debt Securities being offered thereby; (1) the designation,
aggregate principal amount, authorized denominations and priority of such Debt
Securities; (2) the price (expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal
amount of such Debt Securities) at which such Debt Securities will be issued;
(3) the currency or currency units for which the Debt Securities may be
purchased and in which; (4) the stated maturity of such Debt Securities or means
by which a maturity date may be determined; (5) the rate at which such Debt
Securities will bear interest or the method by which such rate of interest is to
be calculated (which rate may be zero in the case of certain Debt Securities
issued at a price representing a discount from the principal amount payable at
maturity); (6) the periods during which
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such interest will accrue, the dates on which such interest will be payable (or
the method by which such dates may be determined; including without limitation
that such rate of interest may bear an inverse relationship to some index or
standard) and the circumstances under which the Company may defer payment of
interest; (7) redemption provisions, including any optional redemption, required
repayment or mandatory sinking fund provisions; (8) any terms by which such Debt
Securities may be convertible into shares of the Company's Common Stock,
Preferred Stock or any other Securities of the Company, including a description
of the Securities into which any such Debt Securities are convertible; (9) any
terms by which the principal of such Debt Securities will be exchangeable for
any other Securities of the Company; (10) whether such Debt Securities are
issuable as definitive Fully- Registered Securities (as defined below) or Global
Securities and, if Global Securities are to be issued, the terms thereof,
including the manner in which interest thereon will be payable to the beneficial
owners thereof and other book-entry procedures, any terms for exchange of such
Global Securities into definitive Fully-Registered Securities (as defined below)
and any provisions relating to the issuance of a temporary Global Security; (11)
any additional restrictive covenants included for the benefit of the holders of
such Debt Securities; (12) any additional events of default provided with
respect to such Debt Securities; (13) the terms of any Securities being offered
together with such Debt Securities, (14) whether such Debt Securities represent
general, unsecured obligations of the Company and (15) any other material terms
of such Debt Securities.
If any of the Debt Securities are sold for foreign currency units, the
restrictions, elections, tax consequences, specific terms, and other information
with respect to such issue of Debt Securities and such currencies or currency
units will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement relating to thereto.
INDENTURE PROVISIONS
The Debt Securities may be issued in definitive, fully registered form
without coupons ("Fully Registered Securities"), or in a form registered as to
principal only with coupons or in bearer form with coupons. Unless otherwise
specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the Debt Securities will only be Fully
Registered Securities. In addition, Debt Securities of a series may be issuable
in the form of one or more Global Securities, which will be denominated in an
amount equal to all or a portion of the aggregate principal amount of such Debt
Securities. See "Global Securities" below.
One or more series of Debt Securities may be sold at a substantial discount
below their stated principal amount, bearing no interest or interest at a rate
that at the time of issuance is below market rates. Federal income tax
consequences and special considerations applicable to any such series will be
described in the Prospectus Supplement relating thereto.
Unless otherwise indicated in the related Prospectus Supplement for a
series of Debt Securities, there are no provisions contained in the Indentures
that would afford holders of Debt Securities protection in the event of a highly
leveraged transaction involving the Company.
Global Securities. Any series of Debt Securities may be issued in whole or
in part in the form of one or more Global Securities that will be deposited
with, or on behalf of, the Depositary identified in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to such series. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part
for Debt Securities in individually certificated form, a Global Security may not
be transferred except as a whole to a nominee of the Depositary for such Global
Security, or by a nominee for the Depositary to the Depositary, or to a
successor of the Depositary or a nominee of such successor.
The specific terms of the Depositary arrangement with respect to any
series of Debt Securities and the rights of, and limitations on, owners of
beneficial interests in a Global Security representing all or a portion of a
series of Debt Securities will be described in the Prospectus Supplement
relating to such series.
Modification of Indentures. Unless otherwise specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, each Indenture, the rights and obligations of the
Company, and the rights of the Holders may be modified with respect to one or
more series of Debt Securities issued under such Indenture with the consent of
the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding
Debt Securities of each such series affected by the modification or amendment.
No modification of the terms of payment of principal or interest, and no
modification reducing the percentage required for modification, is effective
against any Holder without his consent.
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Events of Default. Unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, each Indenture, will provide that the following are Events of
Default with respect to any series of Debt Securities issued thereunder: (1)
default in the payment of the principal of any Debt Security of such series when
and as the same shall be due and payable; (2) default in making a sinking fund
payment, if any, when and as the same shall be due and payable by the terms of
the Debt Securities of such series; (3) default for 30 days in payment of any
installment of interest on any Debt Securities of such series; (4) default for a
specified number of days after notice in the performance of any other covenants
in respect of the Debt Securities of such series contained in the Indenture; (5)
certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, or court appointment
of a receiver, liquidator, or trustee of the Company or its property; and (6)
any other Event of Default provided in the applicable supplemental indenture
under which such series of Debt Securities is issued. An Event of Default with
respect to a particular series of Debt Securities issued under an Indenture will
not necessarily constitute an Event of Default with respect to any other series
of Debt Securities issued under such Indenture. The trustee under an Indenture
may withhold notice to the Holders of any series of Debt Securities of any
default with respect to such series (except in the payment of principal or
interest) if it considers such withholding in the interests of such Holders.
If an Event of Default with respect to any series of Debt Securities shall
have occurred and be continuing, the appropriate trustee under the Indenture or
the Holders of not less than 25% in the aggregate principal amount of the Debt
Securities of such series may declare the principal, or in the case of
discounted Debt Securities, such portion thereof as may be described in the
Prospectus Supplement, of all the Debt Securities of such series to be due and
payable immediately.
Within four months after the close of each fiscal year, the Company will
file with each trustee under the indentures a certificate, signed by specified
officers, stating whether or not such officers have knowledge of any default,
and, if so, specifying each such default and the nature thereof.
Subject to provisions relating to its duties in case of default, a trustee
under the Indentures shall be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights
or powers under the applicable Indenture at the request, order, or direction of
any Holder, unless such Holders shall have offered to such trustee reasonable
indemnity. Subject to such provisions for indemnification, the Holders of a
majority in principal amount of the Debt Securities of any series may direct the
time, method, and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to
the appropriate trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon such
trustee, with respect to the Debt Securities of such series.
Payment and Transfer. Principal of, and premium and interest, if any, on,
Fully Registered Securities will be payable at the Place of Payment as specified
in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, provided that payment of interest, if
any, may be made, unless otherwise provided in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, by check mailed to the person in whose names such Debt Securities
are registered at the close of business on the day or days specified in the
Prospectus Supplement or transfer to an account maintained by the payee located
inside the United States. The principal of, and premium and interest, if any,
on, Debt Securities in other forms will be payable in the manner and at the
place or places as designated by the Company and specified in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise provided in the Prospectus Supplement,
payment of interest may be made, in the case of a Bearer Security by the
transfer to an account maintained by the payee with a bank outside the United
States.
Fully Registered Securities may be transferred or exchanged at the
corporate trust office of the trustee or any other office or agency maintained
by the Company for such purposes, subject to the limitations in the applicable
Indenture, without the payment of any service charge except for any tax or
governmental charge incidental thereto. Provisions with respect to the transfer
and exchange of Debt Securities in other forms will be set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Defeasance. The indentures provide that each will cease to be of further
effect with respect to a certain series of Debt Securities (except for certain
obligations to register the transfer or exchange of Securities) if (a) the
Company delivers to the Trustee for the Securities of such series for
cancellation of all Securities of all series and the coupons, if any,
appertaining thereto, or (b) if the Company deposits into trust with the Trustee
money or United States government obligations, that, through the payment of
interest thereon and principal thereof in accordance with their terms, will
provide money in an amount sufficient to pay all of the principal of, and
interest on, the
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Securities of such series on the dates such payments are due or redeemable in
accordance with the terms of such Securities.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND
OF THE COMPANY'S CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following summary of certain provisions of the MGCL and of the Charter
and the Bylaws of IMH does not purport to be complete and is subject to and
qualified in its entirety by reference to Maryland law and to the Charter and
the Bylaws of IMH, copies of which are filed with the Commission. See
"Available Information." For a description of additional restrictions on
transfer of the Common Stock, see "Description of Securities--Repurchase of
Shares and Restrictions on Transfer."
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
The Charter provides that a director may be removed from office at any time
but only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the
votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors.
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
Under the MGCL, certain "business combinations" (including a merger,
consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or
issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland
corporation and any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power
of the corporation's shares or an affiliate of the corporation who, at any time
within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial
owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of
the corporation (an "Interested Stockholder") or an affiliate of such an
Interested Stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date
on which the Interested Stockholder becomes an Interested Stockholder.
Thereafter, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of
directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least
(a) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of
voting stock of the corporation and (b) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be
cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the
Interested Stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business
combination is to be effected, unless, among other conditions, the corporation's
common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their
shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as
previously paid by the Interested Stockholder for its shares. These provisions
of Maryland law do not apply, however, to business combinations that are
approved or exempted by the board of directors of the corporation prior to the
time that the Interested Stockholder becomes an Interested Stockholder.
Pursuant to the statute, IMH has exempted any business combinations involving
ICII and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super- majority vote
requirements of the statute will not in any event apply to business combinations
between ICII and IMH. As a result, ICII may be able to enter into business
combinations with IMH, which may not be in the best interest of the
stockholders, without compliance by IMH with the super- majority vote
requirements and the other provisions of the statute.
CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITIONS
The MGCL provides that "control shares" of a Maryland corporation acquired
in a "control share acquisition" have no voting rights except to the extent
approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter,
excluding shares of stock owned by the acquiror, by officers or by directors who
are employees of the corporation. "Control shares" are voting shares of stock
which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by
the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct
the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy),
would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within
one of the following ranges of voting power: (1) one-fifth or more but less than
one-third, (2) one-third or more but less than a majority, or (3) a majority or
more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring
person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained
stockholder approval. A "control share acquisition" means the acquisition of
control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
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A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon
satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses),
may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting
of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting
rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may
itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person
does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then,
subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or
all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously
been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of
voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share
acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the
voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights
for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror
becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other
stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as
determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the
highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired
in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to
the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or
bylaws of the corporation.
The Bylaws of IMH contain a provision exempting from the control share
acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of IMH's shares of
stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or
eliminated at any time in the future.
AMENDMENT TO THE CHARTER
IMH reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to its
Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment which
alters the contract rights as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any shares
of outstanding stock. The Charter may be amended only by the affirmative vote of
holders of shares entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes
entitled to be cast on the matter; provided, however, that provisions on removal
of directors may be amended only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares
entitled to cast not less than two- thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast
in the election of directors.
DISSOLUTION OF THE COMPANY
The dissolution of IMH must be approved by the affirmative vote of holders
of shares entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to
be cast on the matter.
ADVANCE NOTICE OF DIRECTOR NOMINATIONS AND NEW BUSINESS
The Bylaws provide that (a) with respect to an annual meeting of
stockholders, nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and
the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (1)
pursuant to IMH's notice of the meeting, (2) by the Board of Directors or (3) by
a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the
advance notice procedures set forth in the Bylaws and (b) with respect to
special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in IMH's notice of
meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders and nominations of
persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made only (1) pursuant to
IMH's notice of the meeting, (2) by the Board of Directors or (3) provided that
the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such
meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has
complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in the Bylaws.
POSSIBLE ANTI-TAKEOVER EFFECT OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF THE
CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The business combination provisions and, if the applicable provision in the
Bylaws is rescinded, the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL, the
provisions of the Charter on removal of directors and the advance notice
provisions of the Bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change
in control of IMH or other transaction that might involve a premium price for
holders of Common Stock or otherwise be in their best interest.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Company may sell Securities (1) to or through underwriters or dealers,
(2) directly to one or more purchasers, or (3) through agents. Each
Prospectus Supplement will set forth the terms of the offering of the Securities
offered thereby, including the name or names of any underwriters, the purchase
price of the Securities, and the proceeds to the Company from the sale, any
underwriting discounts and other items constituting underwriters' compensation,
any initial public offering price, any discounts or concessions allowed or
reallowed or paid to dealers, and any securities exchange on which the
Securities may be listed. Only underwriters so named in the Prospectus
Supplement are deemed to be underwriters in connection with the Securities
offered thereby.
If underwriters are used in the sale in a firm commitment underwriting, the
Securities will be acquired by the underwriters for their own account and may be
resold from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated
transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined
at the time of sale. The obligations of the underwriters to purchase the
Securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent, and the underwriters
will be obligated to purchase all the Securities of the series offered by the
Company's Prospectus Supplement if any of the Securities are purchased. Any
initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or
reallowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time.
The Company may grant underwriters who participate in the distribution of
Securities an option to purchase additional Securities to cover over-allotments,
if any.
The place and date of delivery for the Securities in respect of which this
Prospectus is being delivered will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement.
Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the
Securities in respect of which this Prospectus is being delivered (other than
Common Stock) will be a new issue of securities, will not have an established
trading market when issued and may not be listed on any securities exchange.
Any underwriters or agents to or through whom such Securities are sold by the
Company for public offering and sale may make a market in such Securities, but
such underwriters or agents will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue
any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to
the liquidity of the trading market for any such Securities.
Securities may also be sold directly by the Company or through agents
designated by the Company from time to time. The Securities offered hereby may
also be sold from time to time through agents for the Company by means of (i)
ordinary broker's transactions, (ii) block transactions (which may involve
crosses) in accordance with the rules of the Exchanges, in which such agents may
attempt to sell Securities as agent but may purchase and resell all or a portion
of the blocks as principal, (iii) "fixed price offerings" in accordance with the
rules of the Exchanges, or (iv) a combination of any such methods of sale. In
connection therewith, distributors' or sellers' commissions may be paid or
allowed which will not exceed those customary in the types of transactions
involved. A Prospectus Supplement sets forth the terms of any such "fixed price
offering," "exchange distributions" and "special offerings." If the agent
purchases Securities as principal, it may sell such Securities by any of the
methods described above. Any agent involved in the offering and sale of
Securities in respect of which this Prospectus is delivered is named, and any
commissions payable by the Company to such agent are set forth, in the
Prospectus Supplement. Unless otherwise indicated herein or in the Prospectus
Supplement, any such agent is acting on a best-efforts basis for the period of
its appointment.
If so indicated in the Prospectus Supplement, the Company will authorize
agents, underwriters, or dealers to solicit offers by certain institutional
investors to purchase Securities providing for payment and delivery on a future
date specified in the Prospectus Supplement. There may be limitations on the
minimum amount which may be purchased by any such institutional investor or on
the portion of the aggregate principal amount of the particular Securities which
may be sold pursuant to such arrangements. Institutional investors to which such
offers may be made, when authorized, include commercial and savings banks,
insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and
charitable institutions, and such other institutions as may be approved by the
Company. The obligations of any such purchasers pursuant to such delayed
delivery and payment arrangements will not be subject to any conditions except
(1) the purchase by an institution of the particular Securities shall not at the
time of
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delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States
to which such institution is subject, and (2) if the particular Securities are
being sold to underwriters, the Company shall have sold to such underwriters the
total principal amount of such Securities less the principal amount thereof
covered by such arrangements. Underwriters will not have any responsibility in
respect of the validity of such arrangements or the performance of the Company
or such institutional investors thereunder.
Agents and underwriters may be entitled under agreements entered into with
the Company to indemnification by the Company against certain civil liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribution with respect
to payments which the agents or underwriters and their affiliates may from time
to time be required to make in respect thereof. Agents and underwriters may
engage in transactions with, or perform services for, the Company in the
ordinary course of business and receive customary compensation therefor.
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FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following summary of certain federal income tax considerations to the
Company is based on current law, is for general information only, and is not tax
advice. The tax treatment of a holder of any of the Securities will vary
depending upon the terms of the specific Securities acquired by such holder, as
well as his particular situation, and this discussion provides only a general
summary of certain limited aspects of federal income taxation relating to
holders of Securities. This summary does not purport to deal with the aspects
of taxation that may be relevant to prospective holders of Securities in light
of such holder's particular investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types
of holders subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws,
including, without limitation, insurance companies, certain financial
institutions, broker-dealers, holders holding Securities as part of a conversion
transaction, as part of a hedge or hedging transaction, or as a position in a
straddle for tax purposes, tax-exempt organizations, or foreign corporations,
foreign partnerships and persons who are not citizens or residents of the United
States. Furthermore, the summary below does not consider the effect of any
foreign, state, local or other tax laws that may be applicable to the Company or
holders of Securities. Certain federal income tax considerations relevant to
holders of the Securities will be provided in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement relating thereto.
PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS AND THE
APPLICABLE PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM
OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE FEDERAL,
STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND
SALE AND OF POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.
TAXATION OF IMH
General. IMH elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860
of the Code, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 1995. IMH
believes that, commencing with such taxable year, it has been organized and has
operated in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code
commencing with such taxable year, and IMH intends to continue to operate in
such a manner, but no assurance can be given that it has operated or will
continue to operate in such a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified.
The sections of the Code and Treasury Regulations governing REITs are
highly technical and complex. The following summary sets forth the material
aspects of the sections that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT
and its stockholders. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the
applicable Code provisions, rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and
administrative and judicial interpretations thereof.
Latham & Watkins, tax counsel to IMH, has rendered an opinion to IMH as of
__________ to the effect that commencing with IMH's taxable year ended December
31, 1995, IMH has been organized in conformity with the requirements for
qualification as a REIT, and its proposed method of operation has enabled and
will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT
under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion is based on various
factual assumptions relating to the organization and operation of IMH and is
conditioned upon certain representations made by IMH as to factual matters. In
addition, this opinion is based upon the factual representations of IMH
concerning its business and assets as set forth in this Prospectus. Furthermore,
this opinion relies on, and assumes the accuracy of, the opinions, dated as of
________, of Thacher Proffitt & Wood with respect to the characterization, as
debt, of the CMOs issued by Imperial CMB Trust Series 1996-1 ("1996 CMB Trust")
and issued by Imperial CMB Trust Series 1997-1 (the "1997 CMB Trust"), each on
behalf of IMH Assets in August 1996, and May 1997, respectively, and with
respect to the classification of each of 1996 CMB Trust and the 1997 CMB Trust
for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, such qualification and taxation as a
REIT depends upon IMH's ability to meet (through actual annual operating
results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership) the various
qualification tests imposed under the Code discussed below, the results of which
have not been and will not be reviewed by Latham & Watkins. Accordingly, no
assurance can be given that the actual results of IMH's operation for any
particular taxable year have satisfied or will satisfy such requirements.
Further, the anticipated income tax treatment described in this Prospectus may
be changed, perhaps retroactively, by legislative, administrative or judicial
action at any time. See "Risk Factors--Consequences of Failure to Maintain REIT
Status; IMH Subject to Tax as a Regular Corporation" and "Failure to Qualify."
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If IMH qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it generally will not be subject
to federal corporate income taxes on its net income that is currently
distributed to stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double
taxation" (at the corporate and stockholder levels) that generally results from
investment in a regular corporation. However, IMH will be subject to federal
income tax as follows: First, IMH will be taxed at regular corporate rates on
any undistributed "REIT taxable income," including undistributed net capital
gains. Second, under certain circumstances, IMH may be subject to the
"alternative minimum tax" on its items of tax preference. Third, if IMH has (i)
net income from the sale or other disposition of "foreclosure property" (defined
generally as property acquired through foreclosure or otherwise as a result of a
default on a loan secured by the property or a lease of such property) which is
held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, or (ii)
other nonqualifying net income from foreclosure property, it will be subject to
tax at the highest corporate rate on such income. Fourth, if IMH has net income
from prohibited transactions (which are, in general, certain sales or other
dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary
course of business other than foreclosure property), such income will be subject
to a 100% tax. Fifth, if IMH should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or
the 95% gross income test (as discussed below), but has nonetheless maintained
its qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements have been met, it
will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount equal to (a) the gross income
attributable to the greater of the amount by which IMH fails the 75% or 95% test
multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect IMH's profitability. Sixth, if
IMH should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i)
85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of its REIT capital gain
net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior
periods, IMH would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required
distribution over the amounts actually distributed. Seventh, if IMH has excess
inclusion income (attributable to its interest, if any, in a residual interest
in a REMIC or if all or a portion of IMH, IMH Assets, or IWLG is treated as a
taxable mortgage pool) and a disqualified organization (generally, tax-exempt
entities not subject to tax on unrelated business income, including governmental
organizations) holds shares of stock in IMH, IMH will be taxed at the highest
corporate tax rate on the amount of excess inclusion income for the taxable year
allocable to the shares held by such disqualified organization. Eighth, with
respect to any asset (a "Built-In Gain Asset") acquired by IMH from a
corporation which is or has been a C corporation (i.e., generally a corporation
subject to full corporate-level tax) in a transaction in which the basis of the
Built-In Gain Asset in the hands of IMH is determined by reference to the basis
of the asset in the hands of the C corporation, if IMH recognizes gain on the
disposition of such asset during the ten-year period (the "Recognition Period")
beginning on the date on which such asset was acquired by IMH, then, to the
extent of the Built-In Gain (i.e., the excess of (a) the fair market value of
such asset over (b) IMH's adjusted basis in such asset, determined as of the
beginning of the Recognition Period), such gain will be subject to tax at the
highest regular corporate rate pursuant to Treasury Regulations that have not
yet been promulgated. The results described above with respect to the
recognition of Built-In Gain assume that IMH will make an election pursuant to
IRS Notice 88- 19.
Requirements for Qualification. The Code defines a REIT as a corporation,
trust or association (i) which is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
(ii) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or
by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; (iii) which would be
taxable as a domestic corporation but for Sections 856 through 859 of the Code;
(iv) which is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject
to certain provisions of the Code; (v) the beneficial ownership of which is held
by 100 or more persons; (vi) during the last half of each taxable year not more
than 50% in value of the outstanding stock of which is owned, actually or
constructively, by or for five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to
include certain entities); and (vii) which meets certain other tests, described
below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its
distributions. The Code provides that conditions (i) to (iv), inclusive, must be
met during the entire taxable year and that condition (v) must be met during at
least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months, or during a proportionate
part of a taxable year of less than twelve months. For purposes of conditions
(v) and (vi), pension funds and certain other tax-exempt entities are treated as
individuals, subject to a "look-through" exception in the case of condition
(vi).
The Company believes that it has previously issued sufficient shares of
Common Stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow IMH to satisfy
conditions (v) and (vi). In addition, the Charter provides for restrictions
regarding the transfer and ownership of shares, which restrictions are intended
to assist IMH in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements
described in (v) and (vi) above. Such ownership and transfer restrictions are
described in "Description of Capital Stock--Repurchase of Shares and
Restrictions on Transfer." These restrictions, however, may not ensure that IMH
will, in all cases, be able to satisfy the share ownership
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requirements described above. If IMH fails to satisfy such share ownership
requirements, IMH's status as a REIT will terminate. See "--Failure to Qualify."
In addition, a corporation may not elect to become a REIT unless its
taxable year is the calendar year. IMH has a calendar taxable year.
Ownership of IWLG and IMH Assets. IMH has owned 100% of the stock of IWLG
and IMH Assets (the "QRSs") at all times such QRSs have been in existence. As a
result, the QRSs will be treated as "qualified REIT subsidiaries." Code Section
856(i) provides that a corporation which is a "qualified REIT subsidiary" will
not be treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities, and items
of income, deduction, and credit of a "qualified REIT subsidiary" will be
treated as assets, liabilities and such items (as the case may be) of the REIT
for all purposes of the Code including the REIT qualification tests. Thus, in
applying the requirements described herein, the QRSs will be ignored, and all
assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such
subsidiaries will be treated as assets, liabilities and such items (as the case
may be) of IMH. For this reason, references under "Federal Income Tax
Considerations" to the income and assets of IMH shall include the income and
assets of the QRSs. Because the QRSs will be treated as a "qualified REIT
subsidiaries" they will not be subject to federal income tax. In addition, IMH's
ownership of the voting stock of the QRSs will not violate the restrictions
against ownership of securities of any one issuer which constitute more than 10%
of such issuer's voting securities or more than 5% of the value of IMH's total
assets, described below under "-- Asset Tests."
Income Tests. In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, IMH
annually must satisfy three gross income requirements. First, at least 75% of
IMH's gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for
each taxable year must be derived directly or indirectly from: (i) rents from
real property; (ii) interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real
property or on interests in real property; (iii) gain from the sale or other
disposition of real property (including interests in real property and interests
in mortgages on real property) not held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business; (iv) dividends or other distributions on, and gain
(other than gain from prohibited transactions) from the sale or other
disposition of, transferable shares in other real estate investment trusts; (v)
abatements and refunds of taxes on real property; (vi) income and gain derived
from foreclosure property; (vii) amounts (other than amounts the determination
of which depend in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person)
received or accrued as consideration for entering into agreements (a) to make
loans secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property or
(b) to purchase or lease real property (including interests in real property and
interests in mortgages on real property); (viii) gain from the sale or other
disposition of a real estate asset which is not a prohibited transaction; and
(ix) qualified temporary investment income. Second, at least 95% of IMH's gross
income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable
year must be derived from the sources described above with respect to the 75%
gross income test, dividends, interest, and gain from the sale or disposition of
stock or securities (or from any combination of the foregoing). Third, subject
to certain exceptions in the year in which IMH is liquidated, short-term gain
from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities, gain from prohibited
transactions, and gain on the sale or other disposition of real property held
for less than four years (apart from involuntary conversions and sales or other
dispositions of foreclosure property) must represent less than 30% of IMH's
gross income (including gross income from prohibited transactions) for each
taxable year.
The term "interest" generally does not include any amount received or
accrued (directly or indirectly) if the determination of such amount depends in
whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount
received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term "interest"
solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts
or sales.
Generally, if a loan is secured by both personal property and real
property, interest must be allocated between the personal property and the real
property, with only the interest allocable to the real property
qualifying as mortgage interest under the 75% gross income test. Treasury
Regulations provide that if a loan is secured by both personal and real property
and the fair market value of the real property as of the commitment date
(generally, the date on which the REIT's obligation to make the loan becomes
binding) equals or exceeds the amount of the loan, the entire interest amount
will qualify under the 75% gross income test. If the amount of the loan exceeds
the fair market value of the real property as of the commitment date, the
interest income allocated to the real property is an amount equal to the
interest income multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the
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fair market value of the real property as of the commitment date, and the
denominator of which is the amount of the loan. The interest income allocated to
the personal property is an amount equal to the excess of the total interest
income over the interest income allocated to the real property.
Interest earned on mortgage loans, and mortgage-backed securities secured
by or representing an interest in such loans, will qualify as "interest" for
purposes of both the 95% and 75% gross income tests to the extent such assets
are treated as obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests
in real property. However, income attributable to securities or other
obligations that are not treated as obligations secured by mortgages on real
property or on interests in real property (and which are not otherwise
"Qualified REIT Assets"), dividends on stock (including any dividends IMH
receives from ICIFC, but not including dividends IMH receives from other
qualifying REITs or from the QRSs), and gains from the sale or disposition of
such stock or such securities or other obligations will not qualify under the
75% gross income test. Such income will qualify under the 95% gross income test,
however, if such income constitutes interest, dividends or gain from the sale or
disposition of stock or securities. Income from loan guarantee fees, mortgage
servicing contracts or other contracts will not qualify under either the 95% or
75% gross income test if such income constitutes fees for services rendered by
IMH or is not treated as interest (on obligations secured by mortgages on real
property or on interests in real property for purposes of the 75% gross income
test). Similarly, income from hedging, including the sale of hedges, will not
qualify under the 75% or 95% gross income tests unless such hedges constitute
certain qualified hedges, in which case such income will qualify under the 95%
gross income test. For purposes of the discussion herein, the term "Qualified
REIT Assets" shall mean (i) real property (including interests in real property
and interests in mortgages on real property), (ii) shares (or transferable
certificates of beneficial interest) in other REITs which meet the requirements
of Sections 856-859 of the Code, (iii) stock or debt instruments (not otherwise
described in (i), (ii) or (iv)) held for not more than one year that were
purchased with the proceeds of (a) an offering of stock in IMH (other than
amounts received pursuant to a dividend reinvestment plan) or (b) a public
offering of debt obligations of IMH which have maturities of at least five
years, and (iv) a regular or residual interest in a REMIC, but only if 95% or
more of the assets of such REMIC are assets described in (i) through (iii).
Furthermore, ICIFC receives servicing and processing fees and income from
gain on the sale of certain mortgage loans and mortgage securities. Such fees do
not accrue to IMH, but IMH receives dividends on its nonvoting preferred stock
in ICIFC. Such dividends will qualify under the 95% gross income test, but will
not qualify under the 75% gross income test.
In order to comply with the 95% and 75% gross income tests, IMH has limited
and will continue to limit substantially all of the assets that it acquires to
mortgage loans or other securities or obligations that are treated as
obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real
property or to other Qualified REIT Assets. As a result, IMH may limit the type
of assets, including hedging contracts, that it otherwise might acquire and,
therefore, the type of income it otherwise might receive, including income from
hedging, other than income from certain qualified hedges.
In addition, to comply with the 30% gross income test, IMH may have to hold
mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities for four or more years and other
securities and hedges for one year or more at times when IMH might otherwise
have opted for the disposition of such assets for short term gains.
In order to comply with the REIT gross income tests, IMH has monitored and
will continue to monitor its income, including income from dividends, warehouse
lending, hedging transactions, futures contracts, servicing and sales of
mortgage assets, gains on the sale of securities, and other income not derived
from Qualified REIT Assets. IMH believes that the aggregate amount of any
nonqualifying income in any taxable year has not exceeded and will not exceed
the limit on nonqualifying income under the gross income tests.
If IMH fails to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests
for any taxable year, it may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year if it
is entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. These relief
provisions will be generally available if IMH's failure to meet such tests was
due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, IMH attaches a schedule
of the sources of its income to its federal income tax return, and any incorrect
information on the schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. It is
not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances IMH would be
entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if
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IMH fails to satisfy the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that
IMH intentionally incurs exceeds the limits on such income, the Service could
conclude that IMH's failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable
cause. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of
circumstances involving IMH, IMH will not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above
in "Federal Income Tax Considerations--Taxation of IMH--General," even if these
relief provisions apply and IMH retains its status as a REIT, a 100% tax would
be imposed on an amount equal to (a) the gross income attributable to the
greater of the amount by which IMH failed the 75% or 95% test multiplied by (b)
a fraction intended to reflect IMH's profitability. There can be no assurance
that IMH will always be able to maintain compliance with the gross income tests
for REIT qualification despite its periodic monitoring procedures. No similar
mitigation provision provides relief if IMH fails the 30% gross income test. In
such case, IMH would cease to qualify as a REIT. See "--Failure to Qualify."
Any gain realized by IMH on the sale of any property (including mortgage
loans and mortgage-backed securities) held as inventory or other property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business will be
treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100%
penalty tax. Such prohibited transaction income may also have an adverse effect
upon IMH's ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT.
Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale
to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact
that depends on all the facts and circumstances with respect to the particular
transaction. ICIFC securitizes mortgage loans and sells the resulting mortgage
securities. See "Business--Conduit Operations-- Securitization and Sale
Process." If IMH were to sell such mortgage securities on a regular basis, there
is a substantial risk that such sales would constitute prohibited transactions
and that all of the profits therefrom would be subject to a 100% tax. Therefore,
such sales have been made and will be made only by ICIFC. ICIFC is not subject
to the 100% penalty tax on income from prohibited transactions, which is only
applicable to a REIT.
Asset Tests. IMH, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, must
also satisfy three tests relating to the nature of its assets. First, at least
75% of the value of IMH's total assets must be represented by Qualified REIT
Assets, cash, cash items and government securities. Second, not more than 25% of
IMH's total assets may be represented by securities other than those in the 75%
asset class. Third, of the investments included in the 25% asset class, the
value of any one issuer's securities owned by IMH may not exceed 5% of the value
of IMH's total assets and IMH may not own more than 10% of any one issuer's
outstanding voting securities. IMH believes that substantially all of its
assets, other than the nonvoting preferred stock of ICIFC, and the amount of any
loans made to ICCC, are Qualified REIT Assets.
As described above, IMH will be treated as owning all assets, liabilities
and items of income, deduction, and credit of the QRSs. IWLG provides short-
term lines of credit ("warehouse loans") to ICIFC and approved mortgage banks,
most of which are correspondents of ICIFC, to finance mortgage loans during the
time from the closing of the loans to their sale or other settlement with pre-
approved investors, including IMH. IWLG's warehouse loans are secured by
assignments of first priority perfected security interests in and liens on,
among other items of collateral, mortgages loans and related mortgage notes
owned by the customer that in turn are secured by mortgages on real property.
The Service has issued a Revenue Ruling in which it ruled that loans similar to
IWLG's warehouse loans were obligations secured by mortgages on real property
and interests in mortgages on real property, and therefore that such loans were
Qualified REIT Assets. Based on such Revenue Ruling, IMH believes that IWLG's
warehouse loans are Qualified REIT Assets. However, in the event that the
IWLG's warehouse loans are not treated as Qualified REIT Assets, IMH would
likely fail the 5% asset test and fail to qualify as a REIT. See "---Failure to
Qualify."
As described above, IMH owns 100% of the nonvoting preferred stock of
ICIFC. IMH does not and will not own any of the voting securities of ICIFC, and
therefore IMH will not be considered to own more than 10% of the voting
securities of ICIFC. In addition, IMH believes that the aggregate value of its
securities of ICIFC has not at any time exceeded 5% of the total value of IMH's
assets, and will not exceed such amount in the future. Latham & Watkins, in
rendering its opinion as to the qualification of IMH as a REIT, is relying on
the representation of IMH to such effect. There can be no assurance that the
Service will not contend that the value of the securities of ICIFC held by IMH
exceeds the 5% value limitation.
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The 5% value test requires that IMH revalue its assets at the end of each
calendar quarter in which IMH acquires additional securities in ICIFC for the
purpose of applying such test. Although IMH plans to take steps to ensure that
it satisfies the 5% value test for any quarter with respect to which retesting
is to occur, there can be no assurance that such steps will always be
successful, or will not require a reduction in IMH's overall interest in ICIFC.
IMH has taken and will continue to take measures to prevent the value of
securities issued by any one entity that do not constitute Qualified REIT Assets
from exceeding 5% of the value of IMH's total assets as of the end of each
calendar quarter. In particular, as of the end of each calendar quarter, IMH has
limited and diversified and will continue to limit and diversify its ownership
of securities of ICIFC and other securities that do not constitute Qualified
REIT Assets as necessary to satisfy the REIT asset tests described above.
When purchasing mortgage-related securities, IMH and its counsel may rely
on opinions of counsel for the issuer or sponsor of such securities given in
connection with the offering of such securities, or statements made in related
offering documents, for purposes of determining whether and to what extent those
securities constitute Qualified REIT Assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests
and produce income which qualifies under the REIT gross income tests discussed
above. The inaccuracy of any such opinions may have an adverse impact on IMH's
qualification as a REIT.
A regular or residual interest in a REMIC will be treated as a Qualified
REIT Asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests and income derived with respect
to such interests will be treated as interest on obligations secured by
mortgages on real property, assuming that at least 95% of the assets of the
REMIC are Qualified REIT Assets. If less than 95% of the assets of the REMIC are
Qualified REIT Assets, only a proportionate share of the assets of and income
derived from the REMIC will be treated as qualifying under the REIT asset and
income tests. IMH believes that its REMIC interests fully qualify for purposes
of the REIT gross income and asset tests. IMH has not acquired and does not
expect to acquire or retain residual interests issued by REMICs.
If IMH invests in a partnership, it will be deemed to own its proportionate
share of the assets of the partnership and will be deemed to be entitled to the
income of the partnership attributable to such share. In addition, the character
of the assets and gross income of the partnership shall retain the same
character in the hands of IMH for purposes of the REIT gross income and asset
tests.
After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, IMH
will not lose its status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the
end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If the
failure to satisfy the asset tests results from an acquisition of securities or
other property during a quarter, the failure can be cured by the disposition of
sufficient nonqualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter.
IMH intends to maintain adequate records of the value of its assets to ensure
compliance with the asset tests and to take such other actions within 30 days
after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance. If
IMH fails to cure noncompliance with the asset tests within such time period,
IMH would cease to qualify as a REIT.
Annual Distribution Requirements. IMH, in order to qualify as a REIT, is
required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to its
stockholders in an amount at least equal to (i) the sum of (a) 95% of IMH's
"REIT taxable income" (generally, income of IMH computed without regard to the
dividends paid deduction and by excluding its net capital gain) and (b) 95% of
the excess of the net income, if any, from foreclosure property over the tax
imposed on such income, minus (ii) the excess of the sum of certain items of
noncash income over 5% of "REIT taxable income." In addition, if IMH disposes of
any Built-In Gain Asset during its Recognition Period, IMH will be required,
pursuant to Treasury Regulations which have not yet been promulgated, to
distribute at least 95% of the Built-in Gain (after tax), if any, recognized on
the disposition of such asset. Such distributions must be paid in the taxable
year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before
IMH timely files its tax return for such year and if paid on or before the first
regular dividend payment date after such declaration and if IMH so elects and
specifies the dollar amount on its tax return. Such distributions are taxable to
holders of Common Stock (other than certain tax-exempt entities, as discussed
below) in the year in which paid, even if such distributions relate to the prior
year for purposes of IMH's 95% distribution requirement. The amount distributed
must not be preferential (e.g., each holder of shares of Common Stock must
receive the same distribution per share). To the extent that IMH does not
distribute all of its net capital gain or distributes at least 95%, but less
than 100%,
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of its "REIT taxable income," as adjusted, it will be subject to tax on the
undistributed portion at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates.
Furthermore, if IMH should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least
the sum of (i) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of its
REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (iii) any undistributed taxable
income from prior periods, IMH would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess
of such required distributions over the amounts actually distributed. IMH
intends to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy these annual
distribution requirements.
IMH anticipates that it will generally have sufficient cash or liquid
assets to enable it to satisfy the distribution requirements described above. It
is possible, however, that IMH, from time to time, may not have sufficient cash
or other liquid assets to meet these distribution requirements due to timing
differences between (i) the actual receipt of income and actual payment of
deductible expenses and (ii) the inclusion of such income and deduction of such
expenses in arriving at taxable income of IMH. For instance, IMH may realize
income without a corresponding cash payment, as in the case of original issue
discount or accrued interest on defaulted mortgage loans. In the event that such
timing differences occur, in order to meet the distribution requirements, IMH
may find it necessary to sell assets, arrange for short-term, or possibly long-
term, borrowings, or pay dividends in the form of taxable stock dividends.
The Service has ruled that if a REIT's dividend reinvestment plan allows
stockholders of the REIT to elect to have cash distributions reinvested in
shares of the REIT at a purchase price equal to at least 95% of fair market
value on the distribution date, then such cash distributions reinvested pursuant
to such a plan qualify under the 95% distribution test. IMH expects that the
terms of its DRP will comply with this ruling.
Under certain circumstances, IMH may be able to rectify a failure to meet
the distribution requirement for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to
stockholders in a later year, which may be included in IMH's deduction for
dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, IMH may be able to avoid being taxed
on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends; however, IMH will be required to
pay interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency
dividends.
RECORDKEEPING REQUIREMENTS
A REIT is required to maintain certain records, including records regarding
the actual and constructive ownership of its shares, and within 30 days after
the end of its taxable year, to demand statements from persons owning above a
specified level of the REIT's shares (e.g., if IMH has 2,000 or more
stockholders of record, from persons holding 5% or more of IMH's outstanding
shares of Common Stock; if IMH has over 200 but fewer than 2,000 stockholders of
record, from persons holding 1% or more of IMH's outstanding shares of Common
Stock; and if IMH has 200 or fewer shareholders of record, from persons holding
1/2% or more of IMH's outstanding shares of Common Stock) regarding their
ownership of shares. In addition, IMH must maintain, as part of its records, a
list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand.
Shareholders who fail or refuse to comply with the demand must submit a
statement with their tax returns setting forth the actual stock ownership and
other information. IMH has maintained and will continue to maintain the records
and demand statements as required by Treasury Regulations.
FAILURE TO QUALIFY
If IMH fails to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the
relief provisions do not apply, IMH will be subject to tax (including any
applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate
rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which IMH fails to qualify
will not be deductible by IMH nor will they be required to be made. As a result,
IMH's failure to qualify as a REIT would substantially reduce the cash available
for distribution by IMH to its stockholders. In addition, if IMH fails to
qualify as a REIT, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as ordinary
income, to the extent of IMH's current and accumulated earnings and profits,
and, subject to certain limitations of the Code, corporate distributees may be
eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless entitled to relief under
specific statutory provisions, IMH will also be disqualified from taxation as a
REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification
was lost. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances IMH would be
entitled to such statutory relief. Failure to
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qualify for even one year could result in the IMH's incurring substantial
indebtedness (to the extent borrowings are feasible) or liquidating substantial
investments in order to pay the resulting taxes.
TAXPAYER RELIEF ACT OF 1997
On August 5, 1997, President Clinton signed into law the Taxpayer Relief
Act of 1997 (H.R. 2014), which will have the effect of modifying certain REIT-
related Code provisions for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 1998.
Some of the potentially significant REIT-related changes contained in this
legislation include: (i) the rule disqualifying a REIT for any year in which it
fails to comply with certain regulations requiring the REIT to monitor its stock
ownership is replaced with an intermediate financial penalty; (ii) the rule
disqualifying a REIT in any year that it is "closely held" does not apply if
during such year the REIT complied with certain regulations which require the
REIT to monitor its stock ownership, and the REIT did not know or have reason to
know that it was closely held; (iii) the 30% gross income test is repealed; (iv)
any corporation wholly-owned by a REIT is permitted to be treated as a qualified
REIT subsidiary regardless of whether such subsidiary has always been owned by
the REIT; (v) the ordering rule for purposes of the requirement that newly-
electing REITs distribute earnings and profits accumulated in non-REIT years is
modified; (vi) the class of excess noncash items for purposes of the REIT
distribution requirements is expanded; (vii) the rules regarding the treatment
of hedges are modified; and (viii) certain other Code provisions relating to
REITs are amended. Some or all of the provisions could affect both IMH's
operations and its ability to maintain its REIT status for its taxable years
beginning in 1998.
TAXATION OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
Set forth below is a brief summary of certain federal income tax
consequences to holders of Securities. Holders are urged to consult the
applicable Prospectus Supplement for a more detailed description of such tax
consequences.
Common Stock and Preferred Stock. In general, as long as IMH qualifies as
a REIT, distributions made by IMH with respect to the Common Stock or the
Preferred Stock out of IMH's current or accumulated earnings and profits (and
not designated as capital gain dividends) will constitute dividends taxable as
ordinary income to holders of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, as the case may
be. Such distributions will not be eligible for the dividends received
deduction in the case of holders of Common Stock or Preferred Stock that are
corporations. Under certain other circumstances, distributions made by IMH with
respect to the Common Stock or the Preferred Stock may constitute return of
capital and/or capital gain to the holder.
In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares
of Common Stock or Preferred Stock will be treated as mid-term or long-term
capital gain or loss if the shares have been held as a capital asset for more
than twelve months or eighteen months, respectively, and otherwise as short-term
capital gain or loss. However, any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of
shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to
the extent of any capital gain dividends received with respect to such shares of
Common Stock or Preferred Stock.
Debt Securities. Interest and original issue discount, if any, on a Debt
Security will be treated as ordinary income to a holder. Any special tax
considerations applicable to a Debt Security will be described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
Securities Warrants. Upon a holder's exercise of a Securities Warrant, the
holder will, in general, (i) not recognize any income, gain or loss for federal
income tax purposes, (ii) receive an initial tax basis in the Security received
equal to the sum of the holder's tax basis in the exercised Securities Warrant
and the exercise price paid for such Security and (iii) have a holding period
for the Security received beginning on the date of exercise. If a holder of a
Securities Warrant sells or otherwise disposes of such Securities Warrant (other
than by its exercise), the holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss
(mid-term or long-term capital gain or loss if the holder holds such Securities
Warrants as a capital asset and its holding period for the Securities Warrant
exceeds twelve months or eighteen months, respectively, on the date of
disposition; otherwise, short term capital gain or loss) equal to the difference
between (i) the cash and fair market value of other property received and (ii)
the holder's tax basis (on the date of disposition) in the Securities Warrant
sold. Such a holder generally will recognize a capital loss upon the
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expiration of an unexercised Securities Warrant equal to the holder's tax basis
in the Securities Warrant on the expiration date.
WITHHOLDING
IMH will report to holders of Common Stock, Preferred Stock and Debt
Securities and the Service the amount of dividends or interest paid during each
calendar year, and the amount of tax withheld, if any. Under the backup
withholding rules, a holder may be subject to backup withholding at the rate of
31% with respect to dividends or interest paid unless such holder (a) is a
corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories and, when required,
demonstrates this fact, or (b) provides a taxpayer identification number,
certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise
complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A holder
that does not provide IMH with his correct taxpayer identification number may
also be subject to penalties imposed by the Service. Any amount paid as backup
withholding will be creditable against the holder's income tax liability. In
addition, IMH may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain
distributions to any holders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to
IMH.
OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
ICIFC does not qualify as a REIT and will pay federal, state and local
income taxes on its taxable income at normal corporate rates. As a result, ICIFC
is able to distribute only its net after-tax earnings to its shareholders,
including IMH, as dividend distributions, thereby reducing the cash available
for distribution by IMH to its stockholders.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES
IMH and holders of Securities may be subject to state or local taxation in
various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which it or they
transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment of IMH and
holders of Securities may not conform to the federal income tax consequences
discussed above. Consequently, prospective holders of Securities should consult
their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an
investment in IMH.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Securities offered hereby will be passed on for the
Company by Freshman, Marantz, Orlanski, Cooper & Klein, Beverly Hills,
California, certain legal matters, including certain tax matters, will be passed
on for the Company by Latham & Watkins, Los Angeles, California, and certain
legal matters with respect to Maryland law will be passed on for the Company by
Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll, Baltimore, Maryland.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of Imperial Credit Mortgage Holdings, Inc. and ICI
Funding Corporation incorporated in this Prospectus by reference to the
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1996, have
been so incorporated by references herein in reliance upon the reports of KPMG
Peat Marwick LLP, independent auditors, and upon the authority of said firm as
experts in auditing and accounting. Each of the reports of KPMG Peat Marwick
LLP covering the December 31, 1996 financial statements contain an explanatory
paragraph that states the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 122, "Accounting for Mortgage Servicing
Rights" for the year ended December 31, 1995.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The estimated expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions,
in connection with the offerings of Securities are:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Registration Fee $60,606
Legal Fees and Expenses *
Accounting Fees and Expenses *
Blue Sky Qualification and Expenses including Counsel Fees *
American Stock Exchange Listing Fee *
NASD Filing Fees *
Printing and Engraving Expenses *
Transfer Agent and Registrar Fees *
Miscellaneous *
--
TOTAL $*
===== ==
</TABLE>
* To be supplied by amendment.
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a
provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the
corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability
resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money,
property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a
final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The charter of the
Company contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum
extent permitted by Maryland law.
The charter of the Company authorizes it, to the maximum extent permitted
by Maryland law, to obligate itself to indemnify and to pay or reimburse
reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any
present or former director or officer or (b) any individual who, while a
director of the Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or
any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee of such
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other
enterprise from and against any claim or liability to which such person may
become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her stature as
a present or former director or office of the Company. The Bylaws of the
Company obligate it, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to
indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final
disposition of a proceeding to (a) any present or former director or officer who
is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his service in that capacity or
(b) any individual who, while a director of the Company and at the request of
the Company, serves or has served another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director,
officer, partner or trustee of such corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made a party to the
proceeding by reason of his service in that capacity. The charter and Bylaws
also permit the Company to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who
served a predecessor of the Company in any of the capacities described above and
to any employee or agent of the Company or a predecessor of the Company.
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise,
which the Company's charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has
been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to
which he is made a party by reason of his service in that capacity. The MGCL
permits a
II-1
<PAGE>
corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among
others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses
actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be
made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it
is established that (a) the act of omission of the director or officer was
material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in
bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the
director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money,
property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director
or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was
unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for
an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a
judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly
received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for
expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable
expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation's receipt of (a) a
written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he
has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation
and (b) a written statement by or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or
reimbursed by the corporation if it shall ultimately be determined that the
standard of conduct was not met.
Item 16. Exhibits
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
*1.1 - Form of Underwriting Agreement
4.1 - Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to
Amendment No. 3 of the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11
(No. 33-96670) dated November 8, 1995
4.2 - Articles of Incorporation (incorporated herein by reference to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 33-96670), dated
November 8, 1995
*4.3 - Specimen of Articles Supplementary relating to Preferred Stock
*4.4 - Form of Senior Indenture
*4.5 - Form of Subordinated Indenture
*4.6 - Form of Common Stock Warrant Agreement
*4.7 - Form of Preferred Stock Warrant Agreement
*4.8 - Form of Debt Warrant Agreement
*5.1 - Opinion of Freshman, Marantz, Orlanski, Cooper & Klein
*5.2 - Opinion of Ballard Sphar Andrews & Ingersoll
*8.1 - Opinion of Latham & Watkins
12.1 - Ratio of Available Earnings to Fixed Charges
23.1 - Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP regarding the Registrant
23.2 - Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP regarding ICI Funding Corporation
*23.3- Consent of Freshman, Marantz, Orlanski, Cooper & Klein (contained in
Exhibit 5.1)
*23.4- Consent of Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll (contained in Exhibit
5.2)
*23.5- Consent of Latham & Watkins (contained in Exhibit 8.1)
</TABLE>
II-2
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
24.1 - Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
*25.1 - Statement of Eligibility of Trustee on Form T-1
</TABLE>
* To be filed by amendment or incorporated by reference to periodic reports
filed by the Company pursuant to Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-
effective amendment to this registration statement:
(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the
Securities Act of 1933;
(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the
effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-
effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the
registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or
decrease in value of securities offered (if the total dollar value of
securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any
deviation from the low or high and of the estimated maximum offering range
may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission
pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and
price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate
offering price set forth in the "Calculation of Registration Fee" table in
the effective registration statement.
(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of
distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any
material change to such information in the registration statement;
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act
of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from the registration by means of a post-effective amendment any
of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
(b) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the
registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) of 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit
plan's annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be
deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
registrant pursuant to the response to Item 15, or otherwise, the registrant has
been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is,
therefor, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against
such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter
has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of
such issue.
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<PAGE>
(d) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of
1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this
registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of
prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h)
under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration
statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of
1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be
deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(e) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the
purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection
(a) of Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and
regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the Act.
II-4
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 the Registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has caused this Registration Statement
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the
City of Santa Ana Heights, and the State of California, on August 21, 1997.
IMPERIAL CREDIT MORTGAGE HOLDINGS, INC.
By: /s/ Joseph R. Tomkinson
---------------------------------------
Joseph R. Tomkinson
Vice Chairman of the Board
and Chief Executive Officer
We, the undersigned directors and officers of Imperial Credit Mortgage
Holdings, Inc., do hereby constitute and appoint Joseph R. Tomkinson and Richard
J. Johnson, or either of them, our true and lawful attorneys and agents, to do
any and all acts and things in our name and behalf in our capacities as
directors and officers and to execute any and all instruments for us and in our
names in the capacities indicated below, which said attorneys and agents, or
either of them, may deem necessary or advisable to enable said corporation to
comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any rules, regulations,
and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, in connection with
this Registration Statement, including specifically, but without limitation,
power and authority to sign for us or any of us in our names and in the
capacities indicated below, any and all amendments (including post-effective
amendment) to this Registration Statement, or any related registration statement
that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended; and we do hereby ratify and confirm all that the said
attorneys and agents, or either of them, shall do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, THIS
REGISTRATION STATEMENT HAS BEEN SIGNED BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS IN THE
CAPACITIES AND ON THE DATES INDICATED.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- --------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ Joseph R. Tomkinson Vice Chairman of the Board and August 21, 1997
- --------------------------------- Chief Executive Officer (Principal
Joseph R. Tomkinson Executive Officer)
/s/ Richard J. Johnson Chief Financial Officer (Principal August 21, 1997
- --------------------------------- Financial and Accounting Officer)
Richard J. Johnson
/s/ H. Wayne Snavely Chairman of the Board August 21, 1997
- ---------------------------------
H. Wayne Snavely
/s/ James Walsh Director August 21, 1997
- ---------------------------------
James Walsh
/s/ Frank Filipps Director August 21, 1997
- ---------------------------------
Frank Filipps
/s/ Stephan R. Peers Director August 21, 1997
- ---------------------------------
Stephan R. Peers
/s/ William S. Ashmore Director August 21, 1997
- ---------------------------------
William S. Ashmore
</TABLE>
II-5
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 12.1
RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
The following is the computation of ratio of earnings to fixed charges
including CMO debt (1):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Six Months
Ended June 30 Year Ended December 31
--------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1996 1995 (2) 1994 (2) 1993 (2) 1992 (2)
-------- ------- ------- --------- ----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Fixed charges $53,290 $37,385 $77,573 $ 3,549 $ 769,899 $ 533,611 $ 420,335
Net income 11,539 3,829 11,879 2,134 460,033 4,747,417 1,663,494
------- ------- ------- -------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total earnings (1) $64,829 $41,214 $89,452 $ 5,683 $1,229,932 $5,281,028 $2,083,829
======= ======= ======= ======== ========== ========== ==========
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges 1.2x 1.1x 1.2x 1.6x 1.6x 9.9x 5.0x
======= ======= ======= ======== ========== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
- -----------------
(1) Earnings used in computing the ratio of earnings to fixed charges consist
of net income before income taxes plus fixed charges. Fixed charges
consist of interest expense on long-term debt (including amortization of
loan premiums and the portion of rental expense deemed to represent the
interest factor).
(2) Data prior to the Contribution Transaction is based upon the historical
operations of IWLG, as a division of SPTL, and includes the Company's
equity interest in ICIFC, as a division of ICII.
<PAGE>
Exhibit 23.1
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' CONSENT
The Board of Directors
Imperial Credit Mortgage Holdings, Inc.:
We consent to the use of our report dated March 3, 1997, except as to Notes 11
and 15 to the consolidated financial statements which is as of March 31, 1997,
incorporated herein by reference and to the reference to our firm under the
heading "Experts" in the Prospectus. Our report dated March 3, 1997, except as
to Notes 11 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements which is as of March
31, 1997, contains an explanatory paragraph stating the Company adopted the
provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 122, "Accounting
for Mortgage Servicing Rights" for the year ended December 31, 1995.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
Orange County, California
August 20, 1997
<PAGE>
Exhibit 23.2
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' CONSENT
The Board of Directors
ICI Funding Corporation:
We consent to the use of our report dated March 3, 1997, except as to Note 10
to the financial statements which is as of March 31, 1997, incorporated herein
by reference and to the reference to our firm under the heading "Experts" in the
Prospectus. Our report dated March 3, 1997, except as to note 10 to the
financial statements which is as of March 31, 1997, contains an explanatory
paragraph stating the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards, No. 122, "Accounting for Mortgage Servicing Rights" for
the year ended December 31, 1995.
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
Orange County, California
August 20, 1997
