FLORIDA STREET FUNDS
PROSPECTUS February 14, 1999
247 Florida Street
Baton Rouge, LA 70801
For Information, Shareholder Services and Requests:
(800) 890-5344
Florida Street Bond Fund. The investment objective of the Florida
Street Bond Fund is to provide total return to its shareholders over the long
term. The Fund's investment advisor, CommonWealth Advisors, Inc. (the
"Advisor"), seeks to achieve this objective by investing primarily in a
portfolio of high yield, non-investment grade securities issued in many of the
world's securities markets. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at
least 65% of its total assets in bonds and other debt securities, and thus it is
expected that the Fund will generate a high level of current income. However,
the Advisor will also consider the potential for capital appreciation in making
investments for the Fund's portfolio, and may invest in preferred stock,
convertible bonds and other securities (including equity securities) without
regard to yield characteristics.
Florida Street Growth Fund. The investment objective of the Florida
Street Growth Fund is to provide total return to its shareholders over the long
term. The Advisor seeks to achieve this objective by investment primarily in a
portfolio of equity securities that the Advisor believes are undervalued by the
market place. However, the Fund may also invest in bonds and other fixed income
securities that the Advisor believes are consistent with the Fund's objective.
The Funds are "no-load," which means that investors incur no sales
charges, commissions or deferred sales charges on the purchase or redemption of
their shares. Each Fund is one of the mutual funds comprising AmeriPrime Funds,
an open-end management investment company, distributed by AmeriPrime Financial
Securities, Inc.
This Prospectus provides the information a prospective investor ought
to know before investing and should be retained for future reference. A
Statement of Additional Information has been filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission dated February 14, 1999, which is incorporated herein by
reference and can be obtained without charge by calling the Funds at the phone
number listed above.
The Florida Street Bond Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in
non-investment grade securities, commonly known as "junk bonds," that entail
greater risks, including default risks, than those found in investment grade
securities. The Florida Street Growth Fund may also invest in junk bonds.
Investors should carefully consider these risks before investing. See
"Investment Objective and Strategies," page 4; "Risk Considerations," page 11;
and "Investment Policies and Techniques," page 14.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A
CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES
The tables below are provided to assist an investor in understanding
the direct and indirect expenses that an investor may incur as a shareholder in
each Fund. The expense information is based on operating expenses incurred
during the most recent fiscal year. The expenses are expressed as a percentage
of average net assets. The Example should not be considered a representation of
future Fund performance or expenses, both of which may vary.
Shareholders should be aware that each Fund is a no-load fund and,
accordingly, a shareholder does not pay any sales charge or commission upon
purchase or redemption of shares of the Funds. In addition, the Funds do not
have a 12b-1 Plan. Unlike most other mutual funds, neither Fund pays directly
for transfer agency, pricing, custodial, auditing or legal services, nor does
either Fund pay directly any general administrative or other significant
operating expenses. The Advisor pays all of the expenses of each Fund except
brokerage, taxes, interest, fees and expenses of non-interested person trustees
and extraordinary expenses.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
Florida Street Florida Street
Bond Fund Growth Fund
Sales Load Imposed on Purchases NONE NONE
Sales Load Imposed on Reinvested Dividends NONE NONE
Deferred Sales Load NONE NONE
Redemption Fees NONE NONE
Exchange Fees NONE NONE
Annual Fund Operating Expenses1
(as a percentage of average net assets)
Management Fees (after fee waiver
with respect to the Bond Fund) 0.75% 1.35%
12b-1 Charges NONE NONE
Other Expenses 0.00% 0.00%
Total Fund Operating Expenses (after fee
waiver with respect to the Bond Fund)2 0.75% 1.35%
1 Each Fund's total operating expenses are equal to the management fee paid to
the Advisor because the Advisor pays all of the Fund's operating expenses
(except as described above).
2 The Adviser has voluntarily agreed to waive fees for the Bond Fund for the
fiscal year ending October 31, 1999 to the extent necessary to maintain total
operating expenses as indicated. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998,
management fees and total fund operating expenses, respectively, were 1.10% of
average net assets, absent any reimbursement. The expense information for the
Growth Fund has been restated to reflect current fees.
The tables above are provided to assist an investor in understanding
the direct and indirect expenses that an investor may incur as a shareholder in
each Fund.
EXAMPLE
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming (1)
5% annual return and (2) redemption at the end of each time period:
1 Year 3 Years 5 Years 10 Years
------ ------- ------- --------
Florida Street Bond Fund $ 8 $24 $42 $ 93
Florida Street Growth Fund $14 $43 $74 $162
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The following condensed supplementary financial information for the
period August 4, 1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 and
the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, for the Florida Street Bond Fund and for
the period August 6, 1997 (commencement of operations) to October 31, 1997 and
the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, for the Florida Street Growth Fund, is
derived from the audited financial statements of the Fund. The financial
statements of the Fund have been audited by McCurdy & Associates CPA's, Inc.,
independent public accountants, and are included in the Fund's Annual Report.
The Annual Report contains additional performance information and is available
upon request and without charge.
FLORIDA STREET BOND FUND
Financial Highlights
August 4, 1997
For the year (Commencement of
ended Operations)
October 31, to October 31,
1998 1997
---- ----
Net asset value,
beginning of period............................... $ 9.95 $10.00
------- -------
Income from investment operations
Net investment income............................. 0.85 0.21
Net realized and unrealized gain(loss)............ (0.79) (0.12)
------- -------
Total from investment operations.................... 0.06 0.09
------- -------
Less Distributions
From net interest income.......................... (0.85) (0.02)
From net realized gain(loss)...................... - (0.12)
------- -------
Total distributions................................. (0.85) (0.14)
------- -------
Net asset value,
end of period..................................... $ 9.16 $ 9.95
======= =======
Total Return........................................ 0.33% 3.69% (a)
Ratios and Supplemental Data
Net assets, end of period (000)..................... $19,929 $7,289
Ratio of expenses to average net assets............. 0.75% 0.53% (a)
Ratio of expenses to average net assets
before reimbursement.............................. 1.10% 1.10% (a)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets 8.73% 3.95% (a)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets
before reimbursement.............................. 8.38% 3.38% (a)
Portfolio turnover rate............................. 10.45% 60.55% (a)
(a) Annualized
FLORIDA STREET GROWTH FUND
Financial Highlights
August 6, 1997
For the year (Commencement of
ended Operations)
October 31, to October 31,
1998 1997
---- ----
Net asset value,
beginning of period............................... $10.19 $10.00
------- -------
Income from investment operations
Net investment income............................. 0.02 0.03
Net realized and unrealized gain(loss)............ (1.01) 0.16
------- -------
Total from investment operations.................... (0.99) 0.19
------- -------
Less Distributions
From net interest income.......................... (0.01) -
From net realized gain(loss)...................... (0.03) -
------- -------
Total distributions................................. (0.04) -
------- -------
Net asset value,
end of period..................................... $ 9.16 $10.19
======= =======
Total Return........................................ (9.73)% 7.97% (a)
Ratios and Supplemental Data
Net assets, end of period (000)..................... $3,320 $2,117
Ratio of expenses to average net assets............. 1.25% 1.35% (a)
Ratio of expenses to average net assets
before reimbursement.............................. 1.35% 1.35% (a)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets 0.21% 1.14% (a)
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets
before reimbursement.............................. 0.12% 1.14% (a)
Portfolio turnover rate............................. 83.10% 0.87% (a)
(a) Annualized
THE FUNDS
Florida Street Bond Fund and Florida Street Growth Fund (each a "Fund"
or collectively the "Funds") were organized as non-diversified series of
AmeriPrime Funds, an Ohio business trust (the "Trust"), on June 10, 1997.
Florida Street Bond Fund commenced operations on August 4, 1997 and Florida
Street Growth Fund commenced operations on August 6, 1997. This prospectus
offers shares of each Fund and each share represents an undivided, proportionate
interest in a Fund. The investment advisor to each Fund is CommonWealth
Advisors, Inc. (the "Advisor"). The Funds are referred to, and may conduct
business as, the "Florida Street Funds."
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES
FLORIDA STREET BOND FUND
The investment objective of the Florida Street Bond Fund is to provide
total return to its shareholders over the long term. The Advisor seeks to
achieve this objective by investing primarily in a portfolio of high yield,
non-investment grade securities issued in many of the world's securities
markets. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 65% of its
total assets in bonds and other debt securities, and thus it is expected that
the Fund will generate a high level of current income. However, the Advisor will
also consider the potential for capital appreciation in making investments for
the Fund's portfolio, and may invest in preferred stock, convertible bonds and
other securities (including equity securities) without regard to yield
characteristics.
The Fund intends to invest in Brady bonds and other sovereign debt and
in high risk, lower quality debt securities commonly referred to as "junk
bonds", as well as in the debt securities of issuers located in emerging
markets. Junk bonds are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to
the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the
terms of the obligation. It is anticipated that the Fund's assets will primarily
be invested in high yield, non-investment grade debt securities of both
governmental and corporate issuers in both the major industrialized markets and
the so-called "emerging markets." The use of junk bonds, foreign securities
(particularly from emerging markets) and certain other investments and
investment techniques will subject the Fund to greater risk than is typical for
most bond funds. There also is additional risk because the Fund is
non-diversified. See "Investment Policies and Techniques" and "Risk
Considerations".
The Fund generally invests in securities which are rated BB or lower by
S&P or Baa or lower by Moody's or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the
opinion of the Advisor. Securities which are rated BB by S&P or Baa by Moody's
possess some speculative characteristics. A description of the rating categories
is contained in the Appendix herein. There is no lower limit with respect to the
rating categories for securities in which the Fund may invest. See "Risk
Factors: Risks of Investing In High Yield Securities ("Junk Bonds")" herein.
The Fund is not required to dispose of debt securities whose credit
quality declines at some point after the security is purchased; however, no more
than 25% of the Fund's assets will be invested at any time in securities rated
less than CCC by S&P or Caa by Moody's or, if unrated, of comparable quality in
the opinion of the Advisor. S&P's lowest rating for bonds is CI, which is
reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid, and D, which is
reserved for debt in default and in respect of which payment of interest or
repayment of principal is in arrears. Moody's lowest rating is C, which is
applied to bonds which have extremely poor prospects for ever attaining any real
investment standing. The Fund may, from time to time, purchase defaulted debt
securities if, in the opinion of the Advisor, the issuer may resume interest
payments in the near future. The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its total
assets (at the time of purchase) in defaulted debt securities, which may be
illiquid. Other than as set forth above, there is no restriction on the
percentage of the Fund's assets which may be invested in bonds of a particular
rating.
The Fund invests in debt obligations allocated among diverse markets
and denominated in various currencies, including multi-currency units such as
European Currency Units. The Fund may purchase securities that are issued by the
government or a company or financial institution of one country but denominated
in the currency (or multi-currency unit) of another country.
FLORIDA STREET GROWTH FUND
The investment objective of the Florida Street Growth Fund is to
provide total return to its shareholders over the long term. The Advisor seeks
to achieve this objective by investment primarily in a portfolio of equity
securities that the Advisor believes are undervalued by the market place.
However, the Fund may also invest in bonds and other debt securities that the
Advisor believes are consistent with the Fund's objective. Certain investments
eligible for purchase by the Fund entail risks. There also is additional risk
because the Fund is non-diversified. See "Investment Policies and Techniques"
and "Risk Considerations".
In searching for investments for the Fund, the Advisor employs a "value
style" that focuses on a low current price relative to the Advisor's view
regarding long-term future value. The Advisor gauges the ability of a company to
build long-term value while minimizing long-term investment risk, assesses the
quality and quantity of a company's resources, and estimates how those resources
might be converted into earnings over time.
GENERAL
For temporary defensive purposes under abnormal market or economic
conditions, either Fund may hold all or a portion of its assets in money market
instruments, securities of other no-load registered investment companies or U.S.
government repurchase agreements. Either Fund may also invest in such
instruments at any time to maintain liquidity or pending selection of
investments in accordance with its policies. If a Fund acquires securities of
another investment company, the shareholders of the Fund will be subject to
additional management fees.
As all investment securities are subject to inherent market risks and
fluctuations in value due to earnings, economic and political conditions and
other factors, neither Fund can give any assurance that its investment objective
will be achieved. In addition, it should be noted that the Advisor has not
previously managed assets organized as a mutual fund, and the Funds have no
operating history. Rates of total return quoted by a Fund may be higher or lower
than past quotations, and there can be no assurance that any rate of total
return will be maintained. See "Investment Policies and Techniques" and "Risk
Considerations" for a more detailed discussion of each Fund's investment
practices and the risks involved in such practices.
HOW TO INVEST IN THE FUNDS
Each Fund is "no-load" and shares of each Fund are sold directly to
investors on a continuous basis, subject to the following minimums: minimum
initial investment of $1,000 and minimum subsequent investments of $100. These
minimums may be waived by the Advisor for accounts participating in an automatic
investment program. Investors choosing to purchase or redeem their shares
through a broker/dealer or other institution may be charged a fee by that
institution. Investors choosing to purchase or redeem shares directly from the
Funds will not incur charges on purchases or redemptions. To the extent
investments of individual investors are aggregated into an omnibus account
established by an investment advisor, broker or other intermediary, the account
minimums apply to the omnibus account, not to the account of the individual
investor.
INITIAL PURCHASE
By Mail - You may purchase shares of each Fund by completing and signing
the investment application form which accompanies this Prospectus and mailing
it, in proper form, together with a check (subject to the above minimum amounts)
made payable to Florida Street Funds, and sent to the to the P.O. Box listed
below. If you prefer overnight delivery, use the overnight address listed below.
U.S Mail: Overnight:
Florida Street Funds Florida Street Funds
c/o Unified Fund Services, Inc. c/o Unified Fund Services, Inc.
P.O. Box 6110 431 N. Pennsylvania St.
Indianapolis, IN 46206-6110 Indianapolis, IN 46204
Please identify the Fund(s) in which you wish to invest. Your purchase of
shares of a Fund will be effected at the next share price calculated after
receipt of your investment.
By Wire - You may also purchase shares of a Fund by wiring federal funds
from your bank, which may charge you a fee for doing so. If money is to be
wired, you must call the Transfer Agent at 800-890-5344 to set up your account
and obtain an account number. You should be prepared at that time to provide the
information on the application. Then, you should provide your bank with the
following information for purposes of wiring your investment:
Firstar, N.A. Cinti/Trust
ABA #0420-0001-3
for Florida Street Funds D.D.A. # 486447600
Account Name _________________ (write in shareholder name)
For the Account # ______________ (write in account number)
You are required to mail a signed application to the Custodian at the
above address in order to complete your initial wire purchase. Wire orders will
be accepted only on a day on which the Funds, Custodian and Transfer Agent are
open for business. A wire purchase will not be considered made until the wired
money is received and the purchase is accepted by the Funds. Any delays which
may occur in wiring money, including delays which may occur in processing by the
banks, are not the responsibility of the Funds or the Transfer Agent. There is
presently no fee for the receipt of wired funds, but the right to charge
shareholders for this service is reserved by the Funds.
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENTS
You may purchase additional shares of either Fund at any time (subject
to minimum investment requirements) by mail, wire, or automatic investment. Each
additional mail purchase request must contain your name, the name of your
account(s), your account number(s), and the name of the Fund. Checks should be
made payable to Florida Street Funds and should be sent to the above listed
address. A bank wire should be sent as outlined above.
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN
You may make regular investments in a Fund with an Automatic Investment
Plan by completing the appropriate section of the account application and
attaching a voided personal check. Investments may be made monthly to allow
dollar-cost averaging by automatically deducting $100 or more from your bank
checking account. You may change the amount of your monthly purchase at any
time.
TAX SHELTERED RETIREMENT PLANS
Since the Funds are oriented to longer term investments, shares of the
Funds may be an appropriate investment medium for tax sheltered retirement
plans, including: individual retirement plans (IRAs); simplified employee
pensions (SEPs); 401(k) plans; qualified corporate pension and profit sharing
plans (for employees); tax deferred investment plans (for employees of public
school systems and certain types of charitable organizations); and other
qualified retirement plans. You should contact the Transfer Agent for the
procedure to open an IRA or SEP plan, as well as more specific information
regarding these retirement plan options. Consultation with an attorney or tax
advisor regarding these plans is advisable. Custodial fees for an IRA will be
paid by the shareholder by redemption of sufficient shares of the Funds from the
IRA unless the fees are paid directly to the IRA custodian. You can obtain
information about the IRA custodial fees from the Transfer Agent.
OTHER PURCHASE INFORMATION
Dividends begin to accrue after you become a shareholder. The Funds do
not issue share certificates. All shares are held in non-certificate form
registered on the books of the Funds and the Funds' Transfer Agent for the
account of the shareholder. The rights to limit the amount of purchases and to
refuse to sell to any person are reserved by the Funds. If your check or wire
does not clear, you will be responsible for any loss incurred by the Funds. If
you are already a shareholder, the Funds can redeem shares from any identically
registered account in the Funds as reimbursement for any loss incurred. You may
be prohibited or restricted from making future purchases in the Funds.
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
All redemptions will be made at the net asset value next determined after
the redemption request has been received by the Transfer Agent in proper order.
Shareholders may receive redemption payments in the form of a check or federal
wire transfer. The proceeds of the redemption may be more or less than the
purchase price of your shares, depending on the market value of the Fund's
securities at the time of your redemption. Presently there is no charge for wire
redemptions; however, the Funds reserve the right to charge for this service.
Any charges for wire redemptions will be deducted from the shareholder's Fund
account by redemption of shares. Investors choosing to purchase or redeem their
shares through a broker/dealer or other institution may be charged a fee by that
institution.
By Mail - You may redeem any part of your account in a Fund at no charge by
mail. Your request should be addressed to:
Florida Street Funds
c/o Unified Fund Services, Inc.
P.O. Box 6110
Indianapolis, IN 46206-6110
"Proper order" means your request for a redemption must include your letter
of instruction, including the Fund name, account number, account name(s), the
address and the dollar amount or number of shares you wish to redeem. This
request must be signed by all registered share owner(s) in the exact name(s) and
any special capacity in which they are registered. For all redemptions, the
Funds require that signatures be guaranteed by a bank or member firm of a
national securities exchange. Signature guarantees are for the protection of
shareholders. At the discretion of a Fund or Unified Fund Services, Inc., a
shareholder, prior to redemption, may be required to furnish additional legal
documents to insure proper authorization.
By Telephone - You may redeem any part of your account in a Fund by calling
the Transfer Agent at (800) 890-5344. You must first complete the Optional
Telephone Redemption and Exchange section of the investment application to
institute this option. The Funds, the Transfer Agent and the Custodian are not
liable for following redemption or exchange instructions communicated by
telephone that they reasonably believe to be genuine. However, if they do not
employ reasonable procedures to confirm that telephone instructions are genuine,
they may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent
instructions. Procedures employed may include recording telephone instructions
and requiring a form of personal identification from the caller.
The telephone redemption and exchange procedures may be terminated at any
time by the Funds or the Transfer Agent. During periods of extreme market
activity it is possible that shareholders may encounter some difficulty in
telephoning the Funds, although neither the Funds nor the Transfer Agent has
ever experienced difficulties in receiving and in a timely fashion responding to
telephone requests for redemptions or exchanges. If you are unable to reach the
Funds by telephone, you may request a redemption or exchange by mail.
By Systematic Withdrawal Plan - As another convenience, the Funds offer a
Systematic Withdrawal Program whereby shareholders may request that a check
drawn in a predetermined amount be sent to them each month or calendar quarter.
A shareholders account must have Fund shares with a value of at least $10,000 in
order to start a systematic Withdrawal Program, and the minimum amount that may
be withdrawn each month or quarter under the Systematic Withdrawal program is
$100. This Program may be terminated by a shareholder or the Funds at any time
without charge or penalty and will become effective five business days following
receipt of your instructions. Shares will be sold within three business days
before month-end. A withdrawal under the Systematic Withdrawal Program involves
a redemption of shares, and may result in a gain or loss for federal income tax
purposes. In addition, if the amount withdrawn exceeds the dividends credited to
the shareholder's account, the account ultimately may be depleted.
Additional Information - If you are not certain of the requirements for a
redemption please call the Transfer Agent at (800) 890-5344. Redemptions
specifying a certain date or share price cannot be accepted and will be
returned. You will be mailed the proceeds on or before the fifth business day
following the redemption. However, payment for redemption made against shares
purchased by check will be made only after the check has been collected, which
normally may take up to fifteen calendar days. Also, when the New York Stock
Exchange is closed (or when trading is restricted) for any reason other than its
customary weekend or holiday closing or under any emergency circumstances, as
determined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Funds may suspend
redemptions or postpone payment dates.
Because the Funds incur certain fixed costs in maintaining shareholder
accounts, each Fund reserves the right to require any shareholder to redeem all
of his or her shares in a Fund on 30 days' written notice if the value of his or
her shares in the Fund is less than $1,000 due to redemption, or such other
minimum amount as the Fund may determine from time to time. An involuntary
redemption constitutes a sale. You should consult your tax advisor concerning
the tax consequences of involuntary redemptions. A shareholder may increase the
value of his or her shares in each Fund to the minimum amount within the 30 day
period. Each share of each Fund is subject to redemption at any time if the
Board of Trustees determines in its sole discretion that failure to so redeem
may have materially adverse consequences to all or any of the shareholders of
the Funds.
SHARE PRICE CALCULATION
The value of an individual share in a Fund (the net asset value) is
calculated by dividing the total value of the Fund's investments and other
assets (including accrued income), less any liabilities (including estimated
accrued expenses), by the number of shares outstanding, rounded to the nearest
cent. Net asset value per share is determined as of the close of the New York
Stock Exchange (4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on each day that the exchange is open
for business, and on any other day on which there is sufficient trading in the
Fund's securities to materially affect the net asset value. The net asset value
per share of the Fund will fluctuate.
Securities which are traded on any exchange or on the NASDAQ
over-the-counter market are valued at the last quoted sale price. Lacking a last
sale price, a security is valued at its last bid price except when, in the
Advisor's opinion, the last bid price does not accurately reflect the current
value of the security. All other securities for which over-the-counter market
quotations are readily available are valued at their last bid price. When market
quotations are not readily available, when the Advisor determines the last bid
price does not accurately reflect the current value or when restricted
securities are being valued, such securities are valued as determined in good
faith by the Advisor, subject to review of the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
Fixed income securities generally are valued by using market quotations,
but may be valued on the basis of prices furnished by a pricing service when the
Advisor believes such prices accurately reflect the fair market value of such
securities. A pricing service utilizes electronic data processing techniques
based on yield spreads relating to securities with similar characteristics to
determine prices for normal institutional-size trading units of debt securities
without regard to sale or bid prices. When prices are not readily available from
a pricing service, or when restricted or illiquid securities are being valued,
securities are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Advisor,
subject to review of the Board of Trustees. Short term investments in fixed
income securities with maturities of less than 60 days when acquired, or which
subsequently are within 60 days of maturity, are valued by using the amortized
cost method of valuation, which the Board has determined will represent fair
value.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Florida Street Growth Fund intends to distribute substantially all
of its net investment income as dividends to its shareholders on an annual
basis. The Florida Street Bond Fund intends to declare substantially all of its
net investment income as dividends to its shareholders on a daily basis and to
pay such dividends monthly. Each Fund intends to distribute its net long term
capital gains and its net short term capital gains at least once a year.
Income dividends and capital gain distributions are automatically
reinvested in additional shares at the net asset value per share on the
distribution date. An election to receive a cash payment of dividends and/or
capital gain distributions may be made in the application to purchase shares or
by separate written notice to the Transfer Agent. Shareholders will receive a
confirmation statement reflecting the payment and reinvestment of dividends and
summarizing all other transactions. If cash payment is requested, a check
normally will be mailed within five business days after the payable date. If you
withdraw your entire account, all dividends accrued to the time of withdrawal,
including the day of withdrawal, will be paid at that time. You may elect to
have distributions on shares held in IRAs and 403(b) plans paid in cash only if
you are 59 1/2 years old or permanently and totally disabled or if you otherwise
qualify under the applicable plan.
TAXES
Each Fund intends to qualify each year as a "regulated investment
company" under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). By so
qualifying, a Fund will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent
that it distributes substantially all of its net investment income and any
realized capital gains.
For federal income tax purposes, dividends paid by each Fund from
ordinary income are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income, but may be
eligible in part for the dividends received deduction for corporations. Pursuant
to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (the "Tax Reform Act"), all distributions of net
short term capital gains to individuals are taxed at the same rate as ordinary
income. All distributions of net capital gains to corporations are taxed at
regular corporate rates. Any distributions designated as being made from net
realized long term capital gains are taxable to shareholders as long term
capital gains regardless of the holding period of the shareholder.
Each Fund will mail to each shareholder after the close of the calendar
year a statement setting forth the federal income tax status of distributions
made during the year. Dividends and capital gains distributions may also be
subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their own
tax advisors regarding specific questions as to federal, state or local taxes
and the tax effect of distributions and withdrawals from a Fund.
On the application or other appropriate form, the Funds will request
the shareholder's certified taxpayer identification number (social security
number for individuals) and a certification that the shareholder is not subject
to backup withholding. Unless the shareholder provides this information, each
Fund will be required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 31% of the
dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds payable to the shareholder.
Shareholders should be aware that, under regulations promulgated by the Internal
Revenue Service, a Fund may be fined $50 annually for each account for which a
certified taxpayer identification number is not provided. In the event that such
a fine is imposed with respect to a specific account in any year, the applicable
Fund may make a corresponding charge against the account.
OPERATION OF THE FUNDS
Each Fund is a non-diversified series of AmeriPrime Funds, an open-end
management investment company organized as an Ohio business trust on August 8,
1995. The Board of Trustees supervises the business activities of the Funds.
Like other mutual funds, the Funds retain various organizations to perform
specialized services. The Funds retain CommonWealth Advisors, Inc., 247 Florida
Street, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 (the "Advisor") to manage the assets of each Fund.
The Florida Street Bond Fund is authorized to pay the Advisor a fee equal to an
annual average rate of 1.10% of the Fund's average daily net assets, and the
Florida Street Growth Fund is authorized to pay the Advisor a fee equal to an
annual average rate of 1.35% of the Fund's average daily net assets. The Advisor
has voluntarily agreed to waive fees for the Florida Street Bond Fund for the
fiscal year ended October 31, 1999 to the extent necessary to maintain total
operating expenses at 0.75% of average net assets. The Advisor pays all of the
operating expenses of the Funds except brokerage, taxes, interest, fees and
expenses of non-interested person trustees and extraordinary expenses. In this
regard, it should be noted that most investment companies pay their own
operating expenses directly, while the Funds' expenses, except those specified
above, are paid by the Advisor.
The Advisor, a Louisiana corporation, is an independent investment advisory
firm that has provided investment supervisory services and financial planning to
individuals, financial institutions, corporations, trusts, estates, charitable
organizations, and retirement plans since 1991. Walter A. Morales has been
responsible for the day-to-day management of the Florida Street Bond Fund since
its inception. Mr. Morales began privately managing individual common stocks in
1984, and has served as the Advisor's president and chief investment manager
since its founding in 1991. Mr. Morales has a Masters in Business Administration
and a B.S. degree in Chemistry from Louisiana State University and previously
worked as a Vice President and Senior Trust Investment Officer for Baton Rouge
Bank and Trust, and as an Investment Broker for A.G. Edwards and Sons, Inc.
Richard L. Chauvin, Jr. has been responsible for the day-to-day management of
the Florida Street Growth Fund since its inception. Mr. Chauvin is Senior Vice
President and Fund Manager of the Advisor. Prior to joining the Advisor in 1997,
he served for one year as Regional Director of Portfolio Management at Bank One
Investment Advisors ("BOIA"). From 1986 to 1996, he served as a Vice President,
portfolio manager and fund manager for Premier Investment Advisors which merged
into BOIA in 1996. His duties included managing a $100 million equity mutual
fund and numerous accounts for individuals and foundations. Mr. Chauvin received
a B.S. and M.S. in Finance from Louisiana State University in 1976 and 1978,
respectively.
The Advisor determines the securities to be held or sold by the Fund,
and the portion of the Fund's assets to be held uninvested. The Advisor always
follows the Fund's investment objectives, policies and restrictions and any
policies and instructions of the Board of Trustees.
The services of the Administrator, Transfer Agent and Distributor are
operating expenses paid by the Advisor (not the Fund). The Funds retain
AmeriPrime Financial Services, Inc. (the "Administrator") to manage the Funds'
business affairs and provide each Fund with administrative services, including
all regulatory reporting and necessary office equipment, personnel and
facilities. For the Florida Street Bond Fund, the Administrator receives a
monthly fee from the Fund equal to an annual average rate of 0.050% of the
Fund's average daily net assets (subject to a minimum annual payment of
$25,000). For the Florida Street Growth Fund, the Administrator receives a
monthly fee from the Fund equal to an annual average rate of 0.10% of the Fund's
average daily net assets up to fifty million dollars, 0.075% of the Fund's
average daily net assets from fifty to one hundred million dollars and 0.050% of
the Fund's average daily net assets over one hundred million dollars (subject to
a minimum annual payment of $25,000). The Funds retain Unified Fund Services,
Inc., 431 N. Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204(the "Transfer Agent")
to serve as transfer agent, dividend paying agent and shareholder service agent.
The Trust retains AmeriPrime Financial Securities, Inc., 1793 Kingswood Drive,
Suite 200, Southlake, Texas 76092 (the "Distributor") to act as the principal
distributor of each Fund's shares.
Consistent with the Rules of Fair Practice of the National Association
of Securities Dealers, Inc., and subject to its obligation of seeking best
qualitative execution, the Advisor may give consideration to sales of shares of
a Fund as a factor in the selection of brokers and dealers to execute Fund
transactions. The Advisor (not the Funds) may pay certain financial institutions
(which may include banks, bankers, securities dealers and other industry
professionals) a fee for providing distribution related services and/or for
performing certain administrative servicing functions for Fund shareholders to
the extent these institutions are allowed to do so by applicable statute, rule
or regulation.
RISK CONSIDERATIONS
Risks of Investing in High Yield Securities ("Junk Bonds"). Lower-rated
long-term securities, including securities rated from BB to D by S&P or Ba to C
by Moody's or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Advisor,
will usually offer higher yields than higher-rated securities. However, there is
more risk associated with these investments. This is because of the reduced
creditworthiness and increased risk of default that these securities carry.
Lower-rated long-term securities generally tend to reflect short-term corporate
and market developments to a greater extent than higher-rated securities which
react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Lower
rated long-term securities also involve greater sensitivity to significant
increases in interest rates. Short-term corporate and market developments
affecting the prices and liquidity of lower-rated long-term securities could
include adverse news impacting major issues or underwriters or dealers in
lower-rated long-term or unrated securities. In addition, since there are fewer
investors in lower-rated long-term securities, it may be harder to sell
securities at an optimum time.
An economic downturn may adversely affect the value of some lower-rated
long-term bonds. Such a downturn may especially affect highly leveraged
companies or companies in cyclically sensitive industries, where deterioration
in a company's cash flow may impair its ability to meet its obligation to pay
principal and interest to bondholders in a timely fashion. From time to time, as
a result of changing conditions, issuers of lower-rated long-term bonds may seek
or may be required to restructure the terms and conditions of the securities
they have issued. As a result of these restructurings, holders of lower-rated
long-term securities may receive less principal and interest than originally
expected at the time such bonds were purchased. In the event of a restructuring,
the Funds may bear additional legal or administrative expenses in order to
maximize recovery from an issuer. The secondary trading market for lower-rated
long-term bonds is generally less liquid than the secondary trading market for
higher-rated bonds.
The risk of loss due to default by the issuer is significantly greater
for the holders of high yield securities because such securities are generally
unsecured and are often subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. During
an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly
leveraged issuers of high yield securities may experience financial stress and
may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. An
issuer's ability to service its debt obligations may also be adversely affected
by specific corporate developments, its inability to meet specific projected
business forecasts, or the unavailability of additional financing.
Factors adversely affecting the market value of high yield and other
Fund securities will adversely affect the corresponding Fund's net asset value.
In addition, a Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required
to seek recovery upon a default in the payment of principal or interest on its
Fund holdings.
Risks of Investing in Foreign Securities. Investors should realize that
investing in securities of foreign issuers involves considerations not typically
associated with investing in securities of companies organized and operated in
the United States. Investments may be adversely affected by changes in political
or social conditions, diplomatic relations, confiscatory taxation,
expropriation, nationalization, limitation on the removal of funds or assets, or
imposition of (or change in) exchange control or tax regulations in foreign
countries. In addition, changes in government administrations or economic or
monetary policies in the United States or abroad could result in appreciation or
depreciation of Fund securities and could favorably or unfavorably affect a
Fund's operations. Furthermore, the economies of individual foreign nations may
differ from the U.S. economy, whether favorably or unfavorably, in areas such as
growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment,
resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. It may also be more
difficult to obtain and enforce a judgment against a foreign issuer. In general,
less information is publicly available with respect to foreign issuers than is
available with respect to U.S. companies. Most foreign companies are also not
subject to the uniform accounting and financial reporting requirements
applicable to issuers in the United States. Any foreign investments made by a
Fund must be made in compliance with U.S. and foreign currency restrictions and
tax laws restricting the amounts and types of foreign investments.
Because foreign securities generally are denominated and pay dividends
or interest in foreign currencies, the value of the net assets of a Fund as
measured in U.S. dollars will be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in
exchange rates. In order to protect against uncertainty in the level of future
foreign currency exchange rates, each Fund is also authorized to enter into
certain foreign currency exchange transactions. Furthermore, a Fund's foreign
investments may be less liquid and their prices may be more volatile than
comparable investments in securities of U.S. companies. The settlement periods
for foreign securities, which are often longer than those for securities of U.S.
issuers, may affect Fund liquidity. Finally, there may be less government
supervision and regulation of securities exchanges, brokers and issuers in
foreign countries than in the United States.
Risks of Investing in Emerging Markets. The world's industrialized
markets generally include but are not limited to the following: Australia,
Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland,
Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The
world's emerging markets generally include but are not limited to the following:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, the
Czech Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, the
Ivory Coast, Jordan, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Pakistan,
Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
South Africa, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Uruguay,
Venezuela, Vietnam and Zimbabwe.
Investment in securities of issuers based in underdeveloped emerging
markets entails all of the risks of investing in securities of foreign issuers
outlined in this section to a heightened degree. These heightened risks include:
(i) greater risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, and
less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the smaller size of the
market for such securities and a low or nonexistent volume of trading, resulting
in lack of liquidity and in price volatility; (iii) certain national policies
which may restrict a Fund's investment opportunities including restrictions on
investing in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to relevant national
interests; and (iv) in the case of Eastern Europe and in China and other Asian
countries, the absence of developed capital markets and legal structures
governing private or foreign investment and private property and the possibility
that recent favorable economic and political developments could be slowed or
reversed by unanticipated events. So long as the Communist Party continues to
exercise a significant or, in some countries, dominant role in Eastern European
countries or in China and other Asian countries, investments in such countries
will involve risks of nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation.
The Communist governments of a number of Eastern European countries expropriated
large amounts of private property in the past, in many cases without adequate
compensation. There may be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur
in the future in either the Eastern European countries or other countries. In
the event of such expropriation, a Fund could lose a substantial portion of any
investments it has made in the affected countries. Further, no accounting
standards exist in Eastern European countries. Finally, even though certain
Eastern European currencies may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion
rates may be artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to Fund
shareholders.
In addition to brokerage commissions, custodial services and other
costs relating to investment in emerging markets are generally more expensive
than in the United States. Such markets have been unable to keep pace with the
volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such
transactions. The inability of a Fund to make intended security purchases due to
settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment
opportunities. Inability to dispose of a security due to settlement problems
could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in the
value of the security or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the
security, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.
Risks of Investings in Options and Futures Contracts. Options and
futures contracts ("Futures") can be volatile investments, and involve certain
risks. Options and Futures may fail as hedging techniques in cases where the
price movements of the securities underlying the options and Futures do not
follow the price movements of the portfolio securities subject to the hedge.
Successful use by a Fund of options and Futures will be subject to the Advisor's
ability to correctly predict movement in the direction of interest rates, the
security market generally or of a particular industry, and other economic
factors. This requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes
in the price of individual securities. A Fund could experience losses if it can
not close out its positions because of an illiquid secondary market. In
addition, losses from certain Futures transactions are potentially unlimited.
See the sections describing options and futures under "Investment Policies and
Techniques" (page 14) for additional risk information.
Non-Diversified Investment Company. Each Fund is classified as a
"non-diversified" investment company and, as such, each may invest a greater
proportion of its assets in the securities of a smaller number of issuers and
therefore may be subject to greater market and credit risk than a more broadly
diversified fund. As each Fund intends to comply with Subchapter M of the Code,
each Fund may invest up to 50% of its assets at the end of each quarter of its
fiscal year in as few as two issuers, provided that no more than 25% of the
assets are invested in one issuer. With respect to the remaining 50% of its
assets at the end of each quarter, it may invest no more than 5% in one issuer.
Additional Investment Information. Neither Fund will have more than 25% of
the current value of its total assets invested in any single industry. This
restriction does not apply to debt securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S.
government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
The Advisor (not the Funds) may pay certain financial institutions
(which may include banks, brokers, securities dealers and other industry
professionals) a "servicing fee" for performing certain administrative functions
for Fund shareholders to the extent these institutions are allowed to do so by
applicable statute, rule or regulation.
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES
This section contains general information about various types of
securities and investment techniques that each Fund may purchase or employ.
Equity Securities. As used herein, "equity securities" are defined as
common stock, preferred stock, trust or limited partnership interests, rights
and warrants to subscribe to or purchase such securities, sponsored or
unsponsored American Depository Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depository Receipts
("EDR"), Global Depository Receipts ("GDRs"), and convertible securities
consisting of debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted into
common stock or that carry the right to purchase common stock. Common stocks,
the most familiar type, represent an equity (ownership) interest in a
corporation.
Investments in equity securities are subject to inherent market risks
and fluctuations in value due to earnings, economic conditions and other factors
beyond the control of the Adviser. As a result, the return and net asset value
of each Fund will fluctuate. Securities in each Fund's portfolio may not
increase as much as the market as a whole and some undervalued securities may
continue to be undervalued for long periods of time. Although profits in some
Fund holdings may be realized quickly, it is not expected that most investments
will appreciate rapidly. Smaller companies are especially sensitive to these
factors.
In addition to investing directly in common stocks, each Fund may
invest in S&P Depositary Receipts ("SPDRs") and similar instruments. SPDRs are
shares of a publicly traded unit investment trust which owns the stocks included
in the applicable S&P Index such as the S&P 500 Index or the S&P Mid Cap 400
Index. Changes in the price of SPDRs track the movement of the associated Index
relatively closely.
Each Fund stresses four criteria in selecting equity investments:
(1) A strong financial position, as measured not only by balance sheet data
but also measured by off-balance sheet liabilities and contingencies (as
disclosed in footnotes to financial statements and as determined through
research of public information)
(2) Responsible management and control groups, as gauged by managerial
competence as operators and investors as well as by an apparent absence of
intent to profit at the expense of stockholders.
(3) Availability of comprehensive and meaningful financial and related
information. The availability of financial statements and information which
provide the Advisor with reliable benchmarks to aid in understanding the
business, its values and its dynamics.
(4) Availability of the security at a market price which the Advisor
believes is at a substantial discount to the Advisor's estimate of what the
issuer is worth as a private company or as a takeover or merger and acquisition
candidate, or based on other measures the Advisor believes reflect the
security's value such as price to earnings, price to sales, price to cash flow,
price to book value.
Debt Securities. Each Fund may buy debt securities of all types and
qualities issued by both domestic and foreign issuers. Bonds and other debt
instruments are used by issuers to borrow money from investors. The issuer pays
the investor a fixed or variable rate of interest, and must repay the amount
borrowed at maturity. Some debt securities, such as zero coupon bonds, do not
pay current interest, but are purchased at a discount from their face values.
Debt securities, loans, and other direct debt have varying degrees of quality
and varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates. Longer-term
bonds are generally more sensitive to interest rate changes than short-term
bonds.
Lower-quality foreign government securities are often considered to be
speculative and involve greater risk of default or price changes, or they may
already be in default. These risks are in addition to the general risks
associated with foreign securities.
Each Fund intends to invest for the most part in debt securities which
the Advisor believes will provide above-average current yields or yields to
maturity. When selecting debt instruments, the Advisor stresses:
(1) Strong investor protection in the form of covenants contained in loan
agreements and other contracts that establish the terms of the debt instrument;
and
(2) Appraisals of the business' financial position and operating outlook,
as well as the Advisor's appraisal of values that might be realized in a
reorganization or upon the sale of assets or the liquidation of the issuer.
The Advisor will also use its best judgment as to the most favorable
range of maturities. In general, a Fund will acquire debt issues which have a
senior position in an issuer's capitalization.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stock has a preference in liquidation (and,
generally dividends) over common stock but is subordinated in liquidation to
debt. As a general rule the market value of preferred stocks with fixed dividend
rates and no conversion rights varies inversely with interest rates and
perceived credit risk, with the price determined by the dividend rate. Some
preferred stocks are convertible into other securities, (for example, common
stock) at a fixed price and ratio or upon the occurrence of certain events. The
market price of convertible preferred stocks generally reflects an element of
conversion value. Because many preferred stocks lack a fixed maturity date,
these securities generally fluctuate substantially in value when interest rates
change; such fluctuations often exceed those of long-term bonds of the same
issuer. Some preferred stocks pay an adjustable dividend that may be based on an
index, formula, auction procedure or other dividend rate reset mechanism. In the
absence of credit deterioration, adjustable rate preferred stocks tend to have
more stable market values than fixed rate preferred stocks. All preferred stocks
are also subject to the same types of credit risks of the issuer as corporate
bonds. In addition, because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and
other obligations of an issuer, deterioration in the credit rating of the issuer
will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more
senior debt security with similar yield characteristics. Preferred stocks may be
rated by S&P and Moody's although there is no minimum rating which a preferred
stock must have (and a preferred stock may not be rated) to be an eligible
investment for a Fund. The Advisor expects, however, that generally the
preferred stocks in which a Fund invests will be rated at least CCC by S&P or
Caa by Moody's or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the
Advisor. Preferred stocks rated CCC by S&P are regarded as predominantly
speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay preferred stock
obligations and represent the highest degree of speculation among securities
rated between BB and CCC; preferred stocks rated Caa by Moody's are likely to be
in arrears on dividend payments. Moody's rating with respect to preferred stocks
does not purport to indicate the future status of payments of dividends.
Convertible Securities. A convertible security is a bond or preferred
stock which may be converted at a stated price within a specific period of time
into a specified number of shares of common stock of the same or different
issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stock in a corporation's
capital structure, but usually are subordinated to non-convertible debt
securities. While providing a fixed income stream generally higher in yield than
in the income derived from a common stock but lower than that afforded by a
non-convertible debt security, convertible security also affords an investor the
opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital
appreciation of common stock into which it is convertible.
In general, the market value of a convertible security is the higher of
its investment value (its value as a fixed income security) or its conversion
value (the value of the underlying shares of common stock if the security is
converted). As a fixed income security, the market value of a convertible
security generally increases when interest rates decline and generally decreases
when interest rates rise; however, the price of a convertible security generally
increases as the market value of the underlying stock increases, and generally
decreases as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Investments in
convertible securities generally entail less risk than investments in the common
stock of the same issuer.
Warrants. Warrants are instruments which entitle the holder to buy
underlying equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time.
A warrant tends to be more volatile than its underlying securities and ceases to
have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. In addition,
changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in
the value of its underlying securities.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. Each Fund may invest in mortgage-backed
securities and derivative mortgage-backed securities, including "principal only"
and "interest only" components. Mortgage-backed securities are securities that
directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and
payable from, mortgage loans on real property. These securities have special
risk characteristics. The Advisor intends to invest in these securities only
when it believes, after analysis, that there is unlikely to ever be a default by
either the issuer or the guarantor of these securities. These securities do,
nonetheless, entail considerable market risk (i.e., fluctuations in quoted
prices for the instruments), interest rate risk, prepayment risk and inflation
risk.
The Funds may invest in residential mortgage-backed securities
representing participation interests in pools of one-to-four family residential
mortgage loans originated by private mortgage originators including stripped
mortgage-backed securities ("SMBS") of the U.S. Government and certain of its
agencies and instrumentalities. An SMBS is described as "stripped" because some
of the equity or interest components of the security is removed from the
package. The Fund will not invest in non-investment grade subordinated classes
of residential mortgage-backed securities and may invest in commercial
mortgage-backed securities.
SMBS are structured with two or more classes of securities that receive
different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of
mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have at least one class receiving
none or only a small portion of the interest and all or a larger portion of the
principal from the mortgage assets, while the other classes will receive
primarily or entirely interest and none or only a small portion of the
principal.
Prepayments of principal generally may be made at any time without
penalty on residential mortgage-backed securities. Prepayment rates are
influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic,
geographic, social and other factors. Changes in prepayment rates may change the
yield to maturity of the security and amounts available for reinvestment from
such securities by the Fund are likely to be greater during periods of
relatively low or declining interest rates and therefore are likely to be
reinvested at lower rates than during a period of relatively high interest
rates. As a result, the high credit quality of many of these securities may
provide little or no protection against loss in market value. Due to the
unprecedented volatility of prepayment and interest rates during the past two
years, many mortgage-backed securities have experienced substantial losses in
market value. The Fund's Advisor believes that many of these securities are
currently trading at prices below their inherent value on a risk-adjusted basis
and believes that selective purchases by the Fund could provide high yield and
total return in comparison to risk levels.
Current federal income tax law requires that companies such as the
Funds which seek to qualify for pass-through federal income tax treatment as
regulated investment companies distribute substantially all of their net
investment income each year, including non-cash income such as income from
principal only mortgage-backed securities. Accordingly, the Fund may be required
to distribute to its shareholders each year the interest it is deemed to earn on
principal only mortgage-backed securities even though it receives no cash
interest payments.
Asset-Backed Securities. Each Fund may invest in asset-backed
securities that, through the use of trusts and special purpose vehicles, are
securitized with various types of assets, such as automobile receivables, credit
card receivables and home-equity loans in pass-through structures similar to the
mortgage-related securities described above. In general, the collateral
supporting asset-backed securities is of shorter maturity than the collateral
supporting mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial
prepayments. However, asset-backed securities are not backed by any governmental
agency.
U.S. Government Securities are high-quality debt securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S.
government. Not all U.S. government securities are backed by the full faith and
credit of the United States. For example, securities issued by the Farm Credit
Banks or by the Federal National Mortgage Association are supported by the
instrumentality's right to borrow money from the U.S. Treasury under certain
circumstances. However, securities issued by other agencies or instrumentalities
are supported only by the credit of the entity that issued them.
ADRs, GDRs and EDRs are certificates evidencing ownership of shares of
a foreign-based issuer held in trust by a bank or similar financial institution.
Designed for use in U.S. and European securities markets, respectively, ADRs,
GDRs and EDRs are alternatives to the purchase of the underlying securities in
their national markets and currencies. ADRs, GDRs and EDRs are subject to the
same risks as the foreign securities to which they relate. See "Risks of
Investing in Foreign Securities" herein.
Puts. Each Fund may purchase bonds or notes together with the right to
resell them at an agreed price or yield within a specified period prior to
maturity. This right to resell is known as a put. The aggregate price paid for
securities with puts may be higher than the price which otherwise would be paid.
Consistent with the investment objectives of the Fund and subject to the
supervision of the Trustees of the Fund, the purpose of this practice is to
permit a Fund to be fully invested in securities while maintaining the necessary
liquidity to purchase securities on a when-issued basis, to meet unusually large
redemptions, to purchase at a later date securities other than those subject to
the put and to facilitate the Advisor's ability to manage the Fund actively. The
principal risk of puts is that the put writer may default on its obligation to
repurchase. The Advisor will monitor each writer's ability to meet its
obligations under puts. The amortized cost method is used by the Funds to value
securities with maturities of less than 60 days; when these securities are
subject to puts separate from the underlying securities, no value is assigned to
the puts. The cost of any such put is carried as an unrealized loss from the
time of purchase until it is exercised or expires.
Zero Coupon Securities. Each Fund may invest in zero coupon securities
which are debt securities issued or sold at a discount from their face value
which do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to
maturity or a specified redemption date (or cash payment date). These involve
risks that are similar to those of other debt securities, although they may be
more volatile, and certain zero coupon securities move in the same direction as
interest rates. The amount of the discount varies depending on the time
remaining until maturity or cash payment date, prevailing interest rates,
liquidity of the security and perceived credit quality of the issuer. Zero
coupon securities also may take the form of debt securities that have been
stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons themselves and
receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt
obligations and coupons. The market prices of zero coupon securities generally
are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are
likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than
interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit qualities.
STRIPS. The Federal Reserve creates STRIPS (Separate Trading of
Registered Interest and Principal of Securities) by separating the coupon
payments and the principal payment from an outstanding Treasury security and
selling them as individual securities. To the extent a Fund purchases the
principal portion of the STRIP, the Fund will not receive regular interest
payments. Instead they are sold at a deep discount from their face value. A Fund
will accrue income on such STRIPS for tax and accounting purposes, in accordance
with applicable law, which income is distributable to shareholders. Because no
cash is received at the time such income is accrued, a Fund may be required to
liquidate other Fund securities to satisfy its distribution obligations. Because
the principal portion of the STRIP does not pay current income, its price can be
very volatile when interest rates change. In calculating its dividend, a Fund
takes into account as income a portion of the difference between the principal
portion of the STRIP's purchase price and its face value.
Floating Rate Bonds may have interest rates that move in tandem with a
benchmark, helping to stabilize their prices.
Sovereign and Supranational Debt Obligations. Each Fund may invest
without limitation in debt instruments issued or guaranteed by foreign
governments, agencies, and supranational organizations ("sovereign debt
obligations"). These securities, especially sovereign debt obligations of
developing countries, may involve a high degree of risk, and may be in default
or present the risk of default. The issuer of the obligation or the governmental
authorities that control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to
repay principal and interest when due, and may require renegotiation or
rescheduling of debt payments. In addition, prospects for repayment of principal
and interest may depend on political as well as economic factors.
Brady Bonds. "Brady bonds" are bonds issued as a result of a
restructuring of a country's debt obligations to commercial banks under the
"Brady plan." Brady bonds have been issued by the governments of Argentina,
Costa Rica, Mexico, Nigeria, Uruguay, Venezuela, Brazil and the Philippines, as
well as other emerging market countries. Most Brady bonds are currently rated
below BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody's. While the Advisor is not aware of the
occurrence of any payment defaults on Brady bonds, investors should recognize
that these debt securities have been issued only recently and, accordingly, do
not have a long payment history. Brady bonds may be collateralized or
uncollateralized, are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar)
and are actively traded in the secondary market for Latin American debt.
Rule 144A Securities are securities in the United States that are not
registered for sale under Federal securities laws but which can be resold to
institutions under SEC Rule 144A. Provided that a dealer or institutional
trading market in such securities exists, these restricted securities are
treated as exempt from the 15% limit on illiquid securities. Under the
supervision of the Board of Trustees of each Fund, the Advisor determines the
liquidity of restricted securities and, through reports from the Advisor, the
Board will monitor trading activity in restricted securities. If institutional
trading in restricted securities were to decline, the liquidity of a Fund could
be adversely affected.
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities. Each Fund may purchase
securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. Delivery of and payment
for these securities may take place as long as a month or more after the date of
the purchase commitment. The value of these securities is subject to market
fluctuation during this period and no income accrues to the Fund until
settlement takes place. The Fund maintains with the Custodian a segregated
account containing high grade liquid securities in an amount at least equal to
these commitments.
Repurchase Agreements. In a repurchase agreement, a Fund buys a
security at one price and simultaneously agrees to sell it back at a higher
price at a future date. Delays or losses could result if the other party to the
agreement defaults or becomes insolvent.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements. In a reverse repurchase agreement, a
Fund temporarily transfers possession of a Fund instrument to another party in
return for cash. This could increase the risk of fluctuation in the Fund's yield
or in the market value of its assets. A reverse repurchase agreement is a form
of borrowing and will be counted towards each Fund's borrowing restrictions. See
"Leverage" below.
Investment Companies. The Funds may invest without limitation in other
registered investment companies. With respect to certain countries in which
capital markets are either less developed or not easily accessed, investments by
each Fund may be made through investment in other registered investment
companies that in turn are authorized to invest in the securities of such
countries. Investment in other investment companies is limited in amount by the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), will involve the
indirect payment of a portion of the expenses, including advisory fees, of such
other investment companies and may result in a duplication of fees and expenses.
Securities Lending. Each Fund may lend securities to parties such as
broker-dealers, banks, or institutional investors. Securities lending allows the
Fund to retain ownership of the securities loaned and, at the same time, to earn
additional income. Since there may be delays in the recovery of loaned
securities, or even a loss of rights in collateral supplied, should the borrower
fail financially, loans will be made only to parties whose creditworthiness has
been reviewed and deemed satisfactory by the Advisor. Furthermore, they will
only be made if, in the judgment of the Advisor, the consideration to be earned
from such loans would justify the risk.
The Advisor understands that it is the current view of the staff of the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") that a Fund may engage in loan
transactions only under the following conditions: (1) a Fund must receive 100%
collateral in the form of cash, cash equivalents (e.g., U.S. Treasury bills or
notes) or other high grade liquid debt instruments from the borrower; (2) the
borrower must increase the collateral whenever the market value of the
securities loaned (determined on a daily basis) rises above the value of the
collateral; (3) after giving notice, the Fund must be able to terminate the loan
at any time; (4) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan or a flat
fee from the borrower, as well as amounts equivalent to any dividends, interest,
or other distributions on the securities loaned and to any increase in market
value; (5) the Fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection with
the loan; and (6) the Board of Trustees must be able to vote proxies on the
securities loaned, either by terminating the loan or by entering into an
alternative arrangement with the borrower.
Cash received through loan transactions may be invested in any security
in which the Fund is authorized to invest. Investing this cash subjects that
investment, as well as the security loaned, to market forces (i.e., capital
appreciation or depreciation).
Leverage. Each Fund may borrow up to one-third of the value of its
total assets, from banks or through the use of reverse repurchase agreements, to
increase its holdings of Fund securities. Under the 1940 Act, each Fund is
required to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% with respect to such
borrowings and to sell (within three days) sufficient Fund holdings to restore
such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations
or otherwise, even if such liquidations of a Fund's holdings may be
disadvantageous from an investment standpoint.
Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any
increase or decrease in the value of each Fund's securities and the
corresponding Fund's net asset value and money borrowed by a Fund will be
subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or
the cost of maintaining minimum average balances) which may or may not exceed
the income received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
Floating Rate, Inverse Floating Rate and Index Obligations. Each Fund
may invest without limitation in debt securities with interest payments or
maturity values that are not fixed, but float in conjunction with (or inversely
to) an underlying index or price. These floating rate, inverse floating rate and
index obligations are considered to be instruments which are commonly known as
derivatives. They may be backed by U.S. Government or corporate issuers, or by
collateral such as mortgages. In certain cases, a change in the underlying index
or price may have a leveraging effect on the periodic coupon payments, creating
larger possible swings in the prices of such securities than would be expected
when taking into account their maturities alone. The indices and prices upon
which such securities can be based include interest rates, currency rates and
commodities prices. The Fund may invest in instruments whose value is computed
based on a multiple of the change in price or value of an asset (or of an index
of or relating to assets), provided the relevant asset or assets are eligible
for investment by the Fund. To the extent a Fund invests in instruments whose
value is computed based on such a multiple, a leverage factor is involved, which
can result in high volatility and significant losses. See "Derivatives" on pages
of the Prospectus.
Floating rate securities pay interest according to a coupon which is
reset periodically. The reset mechanism may be formula based, or reflect the
passing through of floating interest payments on an underlying collateral pool.
The coupon is usually reset daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly or semi-annually,
but other schedules are possible. Floating rate obligations generally exhibit a
low price volatility for a given stated maturity or average life because their
coupons adjust with changes in interest rates. If their underlying index is not
an interest rate, or the reset mechanism lags the movement of rates in the
current market, greater price volatility may be experienced.
Inverse floating rate securities are similar to floating rate
securities except that their coupon payments vary inversely with an underlying
index by use of a formula. Inverse floating rate securities tend to exhibit
greater price volatility than other floating rate securities. Because the
changes in the coupon are usually negatively correlated with changes in overall
interest rates, interest rate risk and price volatility on inverse floating rate
obligations can be high, especially if leverage is used in the formula. Index
securities pay a fixed rate of interest, but have a maturity value that varies
by formula, so that when the obligation matures, a gain or loss is realized. The
risk of index obligations depends on the volatility of the underlying index, the
coupon payment and the maturity of the obligation.
Trade Claims. Each Fund may invest in trade claims and options on trade
claims. Trade claims are interests in amounts owed to suppliers of goods or
services and are purchased from creditors of companies in financial difficulty.
For purchasers such as the Fund, trade claims offer the potential for profits
since they are often purchased at a significant discount from face value and,
consequently, may generate capital appreciation in the event that the market
value of the claim increases as the debtor's financial position improves or the
claim is paid. See "Options on Stocks, Bonds and Stock and Bond Indices," page
23, for additional information on option transactions.
An investment in trade claims is speculative and carries a high degree
of risk. Trade claims are illiquid securities which generally do not pay
interest and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to
satisfy the obligation on the trade claim. The markets in trade claims are not
regulated by federal securities laws or the SEC. Because trade claims are
unsecured, holders of trade claims may have a lower priority in terms of payment
than certain other creditors in a bankruptcy proceeding.
Investment In Relatively New Issues. Each Fund may invest in the common
stock and debt securities of selected new issuers (i.e., those having continuous
operating histories of less than three years). If a Fund invests in debt
securities of new issuers, it will only be in those issues where the Advisor
believes there are strong contractual protections for the holder. If issuers
meet the investment criteria discussed above, the Funds may invest in securities
without respect to the age of the issuer. Investments in new issuers may carry
special risks and may be more speculative because such companies are relatively
unseasoned. Such companies may also lack sufficient resources, may be unable to
generate internally the funds necessary for growth and may find external
financing to be unavailable on favorable terms or even totally unavailable.
Those companies will often be involved in the development or marketing of a new
product with no established market, which could lead to significant losses.
Loan Participations and Assignments. Each Fund may invest in fixed and
floating rate loans arranged through private negotiations between a borrower and
one or more lending institutions. The majority of the Funds' investments in
loans in emerging markets is expected to be in the form of participations in
loans ("Participations") and assignments of portions of loans from third parties
("Assignments"). The Funds may also invest in loans, Participations or
Assignments of loans to borrowers located in the industrialized world.
Participations typically will result in a Fund having a contractual relationship
only with the lender, not the borrower. The Fund will have the right to receive
payments of principal, interest and any fees to which it is entitled only from
the lender selling the Participation and only upon receipt by the lender of the
payments from the borrower. In connection with purchasing Participations, the
Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the
terms of the loan agreement relating to the loan, nor any rights of set-off
against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from any collateral
supporting the loan in which it has purchased the Participation. As a result,
the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the lender that is
selling the Participation. In the event of the insolvency of the lender selling
the Participation, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of the lender
and may not benefit from any set-off between the lender and the borrower. The
Funds will acquire Participations only if the lender interpositioned between the
Fund and the borrower is determined by the Advisor to be creditworthy. When a
Fund purchases Assignments from lenders, the Fund will acquire direct rights
against the borrower on the loan; however, since Assignments are arranged
through private negotiations between the potential assignees and assignors, the
rights and obligations acquired by the Fund as the purchaser of an Assignment
may differ from, and be more limited than, those held by the assigning lender.
A Fund may have difficulty disposing of Assignments and Participations.
The liquidity of such securities is limited and the Funds anticipate that such
securities could only be sold to a limited number of institutional investors.
The lack of a liquid secondary market could have an adverse impact on the value
of such securities and on the Funds' ability to dispose of particular
Assignments or Participations when necessary to meet liquidity needs or in
response to a specific economic event, such as a deterioration in the
creditworthiness of the borrower. The lack of a liquid secondary market for
Assignments and Participations also may make it more difficult in valuing the
Funds and, therefore, calculating the net asset value per share of the Funds.
All Assignments and Participations shall be considered to be illiquid securities
by the Funds. The investment by a Fund in illiquid securities, including
Assignments and Participations, is limited to a total of 15% of its net assets.
Derivatives. Each Fund may invest in various instruments that are
commonly known as derivatives. Generally, a derivative is a financial
arrangement, the value of which is based on, or "derived" from, a traditional
security, asset, or market index. Some "derivatives" such as mortgage-related
and other asset-backed securities are in many respects like any other
investment, although they may be more volatile or less liquid than more
traditional debt securities. There are, in fact, many different types of
derivatives and many different ways to use them. There are a range of risks
associated with those uses. Futures and options are commonly used for
traditional hedging purposes to attempt to protect a fund from exposure to
changing interest rates, securities prices, or currency exchange rates and as a
low cost method of gaining exposure to a particular securities market without
investing directly in those securities. However, some derivatives are used for
leverage, which tends to magnify the effects of an instrument's price changes as
market conditions change. Leverage involves the use of a small amount of money
to control a large amount of financial assets, and can in some circumstances,
lead to significant losses. The Advisor will use derivatives only in
circumstances where they offer the most efficient means of improving the
risk/reward profile of a Fund and when consistent with a Fund's investment
objective and policies. The use of derivatives for non-hedging purposes may be
considered speculative.
Foreign Currency Exchange Transactions. Each Fund may enter into
foreign currency exchange transactions to convert to and from different foreign
currencies and to convert foreign currencies to and from the U.S. dollar. A Fund
either enters into these transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot
rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market or uses forward
contracts to purchase or sell foreign currencies. A forward foreign currency
exchange contract is an obligation by a Fund to purchase or to sell a specific
currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date
of the contract. Forward foreign currency exchange contracts establish an
exchange rate at a future date. These contracts are transferable in the
interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large
commercial banks) and their customers. A forward foreign currency exchange
contract generally has no deposit requirement and is traded at a net price
without commission. Neither spot transactions nor forward foreign currency
exchange contracts eliminate fluctuations in the prices of a Fund's securities
or in foreign exchange rates, or prevent loss if the prices of these securities
should decline.
A Fund may enter into foreign currency hedging transactions in an
attempt to protect against changes in foreign currency exchange rates between
the trade and settlement dates of specific securities transactions or changes in
foreign currency exchange rates that would adversely affect a Fund position or
an anticipated investment position. Although these transactions tend to minimize
the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the
same time they tend to limit any potential gain that might be realized should
the value of the hedged currency increase. The precise matching of the forward
contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be
possible because the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will
change as a consequence of market movements in the value of such securities
between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures.
The projection of currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the
successful execution of a hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
Options on Foreign Currencies. Each Fund may write covered put and call
options and purchase put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose
of protecting against declines in the U.S. dollar value of Fund securities and
against increases in the U.S. dollar cost of securities to be acquired. A Fund
may use options on foreign currency to cross-hedge, which involves writing or
purchasing options on one currency to hedge against changes in exchange rates
for a different, but related currency. As with other types of options, however,
the writing of an option on a foreign currency will constitute only a partial
hedge up to the amount of the premium received, and a Fund could be required to
purchase or sell a foreign currency at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby
incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may be used to
hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates although, in the event of exchange
rate movements adverse to a Fund's position, it may forfeit the entire amount of
the premium plus related transaction costs. In addition, a Fund may purchase
call options on a foreign currency when the investment Advisor anticipates that
the currency will appreciate in value.
There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any
particular option, or at any particular time. If a Fund is unable to effect a
closing purchase transaction with respect to covered options it has written, the
Fund will not be able to sell the underlying currency or dispose of assets held
in a segregated account until it closes out the options or the options expire or
are exercised. Similarly, if the Fund is unable to close out options it has
purchased, it would have to exercise the options in order to realize any profit
and will incur transaction costs. The Funds pay brokerage commissions or spreads
in connection with options transactions.
As in the case of forward contracts, certain options on foreign
currencies are traded over-the-counter and involve liquidity and credit risks
which may not be present in the case of exchange-traded currency options. The
Funds' ability to terminate over-the-counter options ("OTC Options") will be
more limited than with exchange-traded options. It is also possible that
broker-dealers participating in OTC Options transactions will not fulfill their
obligations. Until such time as the staff of the SEC changes its position, the
Funds will treat purchased OTC Options and assets used to cover written OTC
Options as illiquid securities. With respect to options written with primary
dealers in U.S. government securities pursuant to an agreement requiring a
closing purchase transaction at a formula price, the amount of illiquid
securities may be calculated with reference to the repurchase formula.
Options on Stocks, Bonds and Stock and Bond Indices. Each Fund may
write and purchase covered and uncovered options on stocks or bonds. Each Fund
may also invest in options on trade claims, including the sale of put options on
trade claims. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy,
and obligates the writer to sell, the underlying security at the exercise price
at any time during the option period. Similarly, a put option gives the
purchaser of the option the right to sell, and obligates the writer to buy the
underlying security at the exercise price at any time during the option period.
A covered call option with respect to which a Fund owns the underlying security
sold by the Fund exposes the Fund during the term of the option to possible loss
of opportunity to realize appreciation in the market price of the underlying
security or to possible continued holding of a security which might otherwise
have been sold to protect against depreciation in the market price of the
security. A covered put option sold by a Fund exposes the Fund during the term
of the option to a decline in price of the underlying security. When a Fund
sells a put option on a trade claim, the Fund is required to purchase the trade
claim if the holder of the option exercises his right to sell the claim to the
Fund. Therefore, the Fund will segregate with the Custodian liquid securities in
an amount at all times equal to or exceeding the Fund's commitment with respect
to these instruments.
Each Fund may purchase and write put and call options on stock or bond
indices listed on domestic and foreign stock exchanges, in lieu of direct
investment in the underlying securities or for hedging purposes. A stock or bond
index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in
the index. Options on securities indices are generally similar to options on
stocks except that the delivery requirements are different. Instead of giving
the right to take or make delivery of securities at a specified price, an option
on a stock or bond index gives the holders the right to receive a cash "exercise
settlement amount" equal to (a) the amount, if any, by which the fixed exercise
price of the option exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case
of a call) the closing value of the underlying index on the date of the
exercise, multiplied by (b) a fixed "index multiplier."
Futures Contracts on Stock and Bond Indices. Each Fund may enter into
contracts providing for the making and acceptance of a cash settlement based
upon changes in the value of an index of domestic or foreign securities
("Futures Contracts"). This investment technique may be used as a low cost
method of gaining exposure to a particular securities market without investing
directly in those securities or to hedge against anticipated future changes in
general market prices which otherwise might either adversely affect the value of
securities held by the Fund or adversely affect the prices of securities which
are intended to be purchased at a later date for the Fund. A Futures Contract
may also be entered into to close out or offset an existing futures position.
When used for hedging purposes, each transaction in Futures Contracts
involves the establishment of a position which will move in a direction opposite
to that of the investment being hedged. If these hedging transactions are
successful, the futures position taken for the Fund will rise in value by an
amount which approximately offsets the decline in value of the portion of the
Fund's investments that is being hedged. Should general market prices move in an
unexpected manner, the full anticipated benefits of Futures Contracts may not be
achieved or a loss may be realized. The risks of Futures Contracts also include
a potential lack of liquidity in the secondary market and incorrect assessments
of market. The loss from investing in Futures Contracts is potentially
unlimited. Brokerage costs will be incurred and "margin" will be required to be
posted and maintained as a good faith deposit against performance of obligations
under Futures Contracts written for a Fund. A Fund may not purchase or sell a
Futures Contract, or purchase an option on a Futures Contract, for non-hedging
purposes if immediately thereafter its aggregate outstanding margin deposits and
premiums on such contracts and options would exceed 5% of the market value of
the Fund's total assets.
Options on Futures Contracts. Each Fund may invest in options on futures
contracts for hedging purposes. There can be no assurance that the use of these
Fund strategies will be successful. The risks associated with options on futures
contracts are similar to those risks associated with futures contracts and
options on stocks, bonds and indices.
Asset Coverage. To assure that a Fund's use of futures and related
options, as well as when-issued and delayed-delivery securities and foreign
currency exchange transactions, are not used to achieve investment leverage, a
Fund will cover such transactions, as required by the SEC, either by owning the
underlying securities, entering into an offsetting transaction, or by
segregating with the Fund's custodian liquid securities in an amount at all
times equal to or exceeding the Fund's commitment with respect to these
instruments or contracts.
Short Sales. Each Fund may sell a security short in anticipation of a
decline in the market value of the security. When a Fund engages in a short
sale, it sells a security which it does not own. To complete the transaction,
the Fund must borrow the security in order to deliver it to the buyer. The Fund
must replace the borrowed security by purchasing it at the market price at the
time of replacement, which may be more or less than the price at which the Fund
sold the security. The Fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if
the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the
date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. The Fund will realize a
profit if the security declines in price between those dates.
In connection with its short sales, a Fund will be required to maintain
a segregated account with its Custodian of cash or high grade liquid debt assets
equal to the market value of the securities sold less any collateral deposited
with its broker. However, the segregated account and deposits will not
necessarily limit the Fund's potential loss on a short sale, which is unlimited.
Illiquid Securities. Each Fund may contain illiquid securities.
Illiquid securities generally include securities which cannot be disposed of
promptly and in the ordinary course of business without taking a reduced price.
Securities may be illiquid due to contractual or legal restrictions on resale or
lack of a ready market. The following securities are considered to be illiquid:
repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days, nonpublicly offered
securities and restricted securities. Neither Fund will invest more than 15% of
its net assets in illiquid securities.
General. Each Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in each of the
following: municipal bonds, certificates of deposit, time deposits and banker's
acceptances.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Fundamental Policies. The investment limitations set forth in the
Statement of Additional Information as fundamental policies may not be changed
without the affirmative vote of the majority of the outstanding shares of the
applicable Fund. The investment objective of each Fund may be changed without
the affirmative vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Any
such change may result in the Fund having an investment objective different from
the objective which the shareholders considered appropriate at the time of
investment in the Fund.
Fund Turnover. Neither Fund intends to purchase or sell securities for
short term trading purposes. However, if the objectives of a Fund would be
better served, short-term profits or losses may be realized from time to time.
To the extent either Fund has high portfolio turnover, it will generally incur
higher brokerage commissions than those incurred by a fund with a lower
portfolio turnover rate, and the higher turnover rate may result in the
realization for federal tax purposes of more net capital gains, which may be
ordinary income.
Shareholder Rights. Any Trustee of the Trust may be removed by vote of
the shareholders holding not less than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of
the Trust. The Trust does not hold an annual meeting of shareholders. When
matters are submitted to shareholders for a vote, each shareholder is entitled
to one vote for each whole share he owns and fractional votes for fractional
shares he owns. All shares of a Fund have equal voting rights and liquidation
rights.
Shareholder inquiries should be made by telephone to 800-890-5344, or
by mail, c/o Unified Fund Services, Inc., P.O. Box 6110, Indianapolis, Indiana
46206-6110.
Year 2000 Issue. Like other mutual funds, financial and business
organizations and individuals around the world, the Funds could be adversely
affected if the computer systems used by the Advisor, Administrator or other
service providers to the Funds do not properly process and calculate
date-related information and data from and after January 1, 2000. This is
commonly known as the "Year 2000 Issue." The Advisor and Administrator have
taken steps that they believe are reasonably designed to address the Year 2000
Issue with respect to computer systems that are used and to obtain reasonable
assurances that comparable steps are being taken by the Funds' major service
providers. At this time, however, there can be no assurance that these steps
will be sufficient to avoid any adverse impact on the Funds. In addition, the
Advisor cannot make any assurances that the Year 2000 Issue will not affect the
companies in which the Funds invest or worldwide markets and economies.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
Each Fund may periodically advertise "average annual total return." The
"average annual total return" of a Fund refers to the average annual compounded
rate of return over the stated period that would equate an initial amount
invested at the beginning of a stated period to the ending redeemable value of
the investment. The calculation of "average annual total return" assumes the
reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
The Florida Street Bond Fund may periodically advertise its yield for a
thirty day or one month period. The "yield" of the Fund refers to the income
generated by an investment in the Fund over the period, calculated on a per
share basis (using the net asset value per share on the last day of the period
and the average number of shares outstanding during the period). The Fund's
yield quotation will always be accompanied by the Fund's average annual total
return information described above.
The Florida Street Bond Fund may periodically advertise its yield for a
thirty day or one month period. The "yield" of the Fund refers to the income
generated by an investment in the Fund over the period, calculated on a per
share basis (using the net asset value per share on the last day of the period
and the average number of shares outstanding during the period). The Fund's
yield quotation will always be accompanied by the Fund's average annual total
return information described above.
Each Fund may also advertise performance information (a
"non-standardized quotation") which is calculated differently from "average
annual total return." A non-standardized quotation of total return may be a
cumulative return which measures the percentage change in the value of an
account between the beginning and end of a period, assuming no activity in the
account other than reinvestment of dividends and capital gains distributions. A
non-standardized quotation may also be an average annual compounded rate of
return over a specified period, which may be a period different from those
specified for "average annual total return." In addition, a non-standardized
quotation may be an indication of the value of a $10,000 investment (made on the
date of the initial public offering of the Fund's shares) as of the end of a
specified period. A non-standardized quotation will always be accompanied by the
Fund's "average annual total return" as described above.
Each Fund may also include in advertisements data comparing
performance with other mutual funds as reported in non-related investment media,
published editorial comments and performance rankings compiled by independent
organizations and publications that monitor the performance of mutual funds
(such as Lipper Analytical Services, Inc., Morningstar, Inc., Fortune or
Barron's). Performance information may be quoted numerically or may be presented
in a table, graph or other illustration. In addition, Fund performance may be
compared to well-known indices of market performance including the Standard &
Poor's (S&P) 500 Index, the S&P 1500 Index, the Dow Jones Industrial Average,
the Merrill Lynch High Yield Index and the Russell 2000 Index.
The advertised performance data of each Fund is based on historical performance
and is not intended to indicate future performance. Rates of total return quoted
by a Fund may be higher or lower than past quotations, and there can be no
assurance that any rate of total return will be maintained. The principal value
of an investment in each Fund will fluctuate so that a shareholder's shares,
when redeemed, may be worth more or less than the shareholder's original
investment.
Each Fund acknowledges that it is solely responsible for the
information or any lack of information about it in this joint Prospectus and in
the joint Statement of Additional Information, and no other Fund is responsible
therefore. There is a possibility that one Fund might be deemed liable for
misstatements or omissions regarding another Fund in this Prospectus or in the
joint Statement of Additional Information; however, the Funds deem this
possibility slight.
APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
STANDARD & POOR'S RATINGS SERVICES
The ratings are based on current information furnished by the issuer or
obtained by Standard & Poor's from other sources it considers reliable. Standard
& Poor's does not perform any audit in connection with any rating and may, on
occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. The ratings may be changed,
suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such
information or for other circumstances.
The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following
considerations:
I. Likelihood of default-capacity and willingness of the obliger as to the
timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with the
terms of the obligation.
II. Nature and provisions of the obligation.
III. Protection afforded by, and relative position of the obligation in the
event of bankruptcy, reorganization or other arrangement under the laws of
bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
AAA - Debt rated "AAA" has the highest rating assigned by Standard &
Poor's. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA - Debt rated "AA" has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
A - Debt rated "A" has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated
categories.
BBB - Debt rated "BBB" is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for
debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC, C - Debt rated "BB", "B", "CCC", "CC", and "C" is regarded,
on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay
interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation.
"BB" indicates the lowest degree of speculation and "C" the highest degree of
speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions.
BB - Debt rate "BB" has less near-term vulnerability to default than other
speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to
adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead to
inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The "BB"
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied "BBB" rating.
B - Debt rated "B" has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has
the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse
business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or
willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The "B" rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
"BB" or "BB-" rating.
CCC - Debt rated "CCC" has a currently identifiable vulnerability to
default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic
conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the
event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, it is not likely to
have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The "CCC" rating category
is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or
implied "B" or "B-" rating.
CC - The rating "CC" is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior
debt that is assigned an actual or implied "CCC" rating.
C - The rating "C" is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt
which is assigned an actual or implied "CCC-" debt rating. The "C" rating may be
used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt
service payments are continued.
C1 - The rating "C1" is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is
being paid.
D - Debt rated "D" is in payment default. The "D" rating category is used
when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even
if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's
believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The "D"
rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt
service payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by
the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major
categories.
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.
Aaa - Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They
carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as
"gilt edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally
stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are
likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair
the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa - Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities, fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude, or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risk appear somewhat greater than the Aaa securities.
A - Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.
Baa - Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations
(i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments
and principal security appear adequate for the present, but certain protective
elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great
length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in
fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba - Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements:
their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of
interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well
safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of
position characterizes bonds in this class.
B - Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of
other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa - Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
Ca - Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative
in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C - Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues
so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining
any real investment standing.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers: 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating
classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond rating system. The
modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category, the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking, and the modifier
3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating
category.
Investment Advisor Administrator
CommonWealth Advisors, Inc. AmeriPrime Financial Services, Inc.
247 Florida Street 1793 Kingswood Drive, Suite 200
Baton Rouge, LA 70801 Southlake, Texas 76092
Transfer Agent (all purchases and Distributor
all redemption requests) AmeriPrime Financial Securities, Inc.
Unified Fund Services, Inc. 1793 Kingswood Drive, Suite 200
431 N. Pennsylvania Street Southlake, Texas 76092
Indianapolis, In 46204
Custodian Independent Auditors
Firstar, N.A. McCurdy & Associates CPA's, Inc.
425 Walnut Street, M.L. 6118 27955 Clemens Road
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 Westlake, Ohio 44145
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any
representations, other than those contained in this Prospectus, in connection
with the offering contained in this Prospectus, and if given or made, such
information or representations must not be relied upon as being authorized by
each Fund. This Prospectus does not constitute an offer by the Funds to sell its
shares in any state to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer in
such state.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF FUND EXPENSES..................................................... 1
Shareholder Transaction Expenses........................................ 1
Annual Fund Operating Expenses.......................................... 1
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS......................................................... 2
THE FUNDS.................................................................... 4
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES.......................................... 4
General................................................................. 5
HOW TO INVEST IN THE FUND.................................................... 5
Initial Purchase........................................................ 6
Additional Investments.................................................. 6
Automatic Investment Plan............................................... 6
Tax Sheltered Retirement Plans.......................................... 6
Other Purchase Information.............................................. 7
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES......................................................... 7
By Mail................................................................. 7
By Telephone............................................................ 7
By Systematic Withdrawal Plan........................................... 8
Additional Information.................................................. 8
SHARE PRICE CALCULATION...................................................... 8
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.................................................. 9
TAXES........................................................................ 9
OPERATION OF THE FUNDS....................................................... 10
RISK CONSIDERATIONS.......................................................... 11
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES .......................................... 14
GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................... 25
Fundamental Policies.................................................... 25
Fund Turnover........................................................... 25
Shareholder Rights...................................................... 25
Year 2000 Issue......................................................... 25
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION...................................................... 26
<PAGE>
February 24, 1999
Florida Street Funds
Supplement to Prospectus dated February 14, 1999
American Data Services, Inc. will continue to serve as the Funds' Transfer Agent
until March 31, 1999. Effective April 1, 1999 Unified Fund Services, Inc., 431
N. Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204 will take over as Fund Transfer
Agent. The telephone number for information, shareholder services and requests
will continue to be at (800) 890-5344.
Until April 1, 1999, the disclosure under the caption "HOW TO INVEST IN THE
FUND" and "HOW TO REDEEM SHARES" in the Fund's prospectus dated February 14,
1999 is modified by the following information:
HOW TO INVEST IN THE FUND
By Mail - Initial and subsequent investments should be sent by mail or
overnight delivery to:
Mail to: Overnight to:
Florida Street Funds Florida Street Funds
c/o American Data Services, Inc. c/o American Data Services, Inc.
P.O. Box 5536 Hauppauge Corporate Center
Hauppauge, New York 11788-0132 150 Motor Parkway
Hauppauge, New York 11788
By Wire - Investors establishing new accounts should telephone the Transfer
Agent at (800) 890-5344 prior to sending the bank wire.
Shareholders should instruct their bank to continue to wire funds as
follows:
Star Bank, N.A.
ABA #0420-0001-3
Attn: Florida Street Funds
D.D.A. # 486447600
Account name:__________________________________ (write in shareholder name)
For the Account #:_____________________________ (write in account number)
HOW TO REDEEM SHARES
By Mail - Written request for redemption, with signatures guaranteed,
should be sent by mail or overnight delivery to Florida Street Funds, c/o
American Data Services, Inc., at the address listed above.
By Telephone - If you have completed the Redemption by Telephone portion of
the Fund's account application, you may redeem shares on any business day
the New York Stock Exchange is open by calling the Transfer Agent at (800)
890-5344.
<PAGE>
FLORIDA STREET FUNDS
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
February 14, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It should
be read in conjunction with the Prospectus of Florida Street Funds dated
February 14, 1999. A copy of the Prospectus can be obtained by writing the
Transfer Agent at 431 North Pennsylvania Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, or by
calling 1-800-890-5344.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST..................................................... 1
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT FUND
INVESTMENTS AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS.......................................... 1
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS....................................................... 17
THE INVESTMENT ADVISOR....................................................... 19
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS........................................................ 20
FUND TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE.............................................. 21
DETERMINATION OF SHARE PRICE................................................. 22
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE....................................................... 22
CUSTODIAN.................................................................... 24
TRANSFER AGENT............................................................... 24
ACCOUNTANTS.................................................................. 24
DISTRIBUTOR.................................................................. 24
ADMINISTRATOR................................................................ 25
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS......................................................... 25
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST
Florida Street Bond Fund and Florida Street Growth Fund (each a "Fund"
or collectively the "Funds") were organized as series of AmeriPrime Funds (the
"Trust"). The Trust is an open-end investment company established under the laws
of Ohio by an Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated August 8, 1995 (the
"Trust Agreement"). The Trust Agreement permits the Trustees to issue an
unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest of separate series without par
value. Each Fund is one of a series of funds currently authorized by the
Trustees, and are referred to, and may conduct business as, the "Florida Street
Funds."
Each share of a series represents an equal proportionate interest in
the assets and liabilities belonging to that series with each other share of
that series and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of income
belonging to the series as are declared by the Trustees. The shares do not have
cumulative voting rights or any preemptive or conversion rights, and the
Trustees have the authority from time to time to divide or combine the shares of
any series into a greater or lesser number of shares of that series so long as
the proportionate beneficial interest in the assets belonging to that series and
the rights of shares of any other series are in no way affected. In case of any
liquidation of a series, the holders of shares of the series being liquidated
will be entitled to receive as a class a distribution out of the assets, net of
the liabilities, belonging to that series. Expenses attributable to any series
are borne by that series. Any general expenses of the Trust not readily
identifiable as belonging to a particular series are allocated by or under the
direction of the Trustees in such manner as the Trustees determine to be fair
and equitable. No shareholder is liable to further calls or to assessment by the
Trust without his or her express consent.
As of January 31, 1999, Charles Schwab & Co. Inc., 101 Montgomery
Street, San Francisco, California ("Schwab") was the record owner of 98.94% of
the Florida Street Bond Fund and 97.02% of the Florida Street Growth Fund. As a
result, Schwab may be deemed to control the Funds. The Schwab accounts are
omnibus accounts, and the Funds are unaware of any individual investor owning 5%
or more of either Fund. As of January 31, 1999, the officers and trustees as a
group own less than one percent of the Funds.
For information concerning the purchase and redemption of shares of the
Funds, see "How to Invest in the Funds" and "How to Redeem Shares" in the Funds'
Prospectus. For a description of the methods used to determine the share price
and value of each Fund's assets, see "Share Price Calculation" in the Funds'
Prospectus.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT FUND
INVESTMENTS AND RISK CONSIDERATIONS
This section contains a more detailed discussion of some of the
investments each Fund may make and some of the techniques it may use, as
described in the Prospectus (see "Investment Objectives and Strategies", "Risk
Considerations" and "Investment Policies and Techniques").
A. Lower Quality Debt Securities. Each Fund may purchase lower quality debt
securities, or unrated debt securities, that have poor protection of payment of
principal and interest. These securities often are considered to be speculative
and involve greater risk of default and of price changes due to changes in the
issuer's creditworthiness. Market prices of these securities may fluctuate more
than higher quality debt securities and may decline significantly in periods of
general economic difficulty which may follow periods of rising rates. While the
market for high yield corporate debt securities has been in existence for many
years and has weathered previous economic downturns, the market in recent years
has experienced a dramatic increase in the large-scale use of such securities to
fund highly leveraged corporate acquisitions and restructurings. Accordingly,
past experience may not provide an accurate indication of future performance of
the high yield bond market, especially during periods of economic recession. A
Fund may invest in securities which are of lower quality or are unrated if the
Advisor determines that the securities provide the opportunity of meeting a
Fund's objective without presenting excessive risk. The Advisor will consider
all factors which it deems appropriate, including ratings, in making investment
decisions for a Fund and will attempt to minimize investment risks through
diversification, investment analysis and monitoring of general economic
conditions and trends. To the extend a Fund invests in lower quality securities,
achievement of its investment objective may be more dependent on the Advisor's
credit analyses than is the case for higher quality bonds. While the Advisor may
refer to ratings, it does not rely exclusively on ratings, but makes its own
independent and ongoing review of credit quality.
The market for lower quality securities may be thinner and less active
than that for higher quality securities, which can adversely affect the prices
at which these securities can be sold. If there is not established retail
secondary market and market quotations are not available, these securities are
valued in accordance with procedures established by the Board of Trustees,
including the use of outside pricing services. Judgment plays a greater role in
valuing high yield corporate debt securities than is the case for securities for
which external sources for quotations and last-sale information are available.
Adverse publicity and changing investor perceptions may affect the ability of
outside pricing services used by a Fund to value as Fund securities, and a
Fund's ability to dispose of these lower quality debt securities.
Lower quality securities present risks based on payment expectations.
For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption or call provisions. If an
issuer exercises the provisions in a declining interest rate market, a Fund
would have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in
a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high yield bond's value will
decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the value of a Fund's assets.
If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, this may force it to sell its
high yield bonds, without regard to their investment merits, thereby decreasing
the asset base upon which the Fund's expenses can be spread and possibly
reducing the Fund's rate of return.
Since the risk of default is higher for lower quality securities and
sometimes increases with the age of these securities, the Advisor's research and
credit analysis are an integral part of managing any securities of this type
held by a Fund. In considering investments for a Fund, the Advisor attempts to
identify those issuers of high-yielding securities whose financial condition is
adequate to meet future obligations, has improved or is expected to improve in
the future. The Advisor's analysis focuses on relative values based on such
factors as interest or dividend coverage, asset coverage, earning prospects, and
the experience and managerial strength of the issuer.
B. Brady Bonds. Each Fund may invest in "Brady bonds," which have been
issued by the governments of Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Mexico, Nigeria,
Philippines, Uruguay and Venezuela. Most Brady bonds are currently rated below
BBB by S&P or Baa by Moody's.
The Brady Plan was conceived by the U.S. Treasury in the 1980's in an
attempt to produce a debt restructuring program which would enable a debt
country to (i) reduce the absolute level of debt of its creditor banks, and (ii)
reschedule its external debt repayments, based upon its ability to service such
debts by persuading its creditor banks to accept a debt write-off by offering
them a selection of options, each of which represented an attractive substitute
for the nonperforming debt. Although it was envisaged that each debtor country
would agree to a unique package of options with its creditor banks, the plan was
that these options would be based upon the following:(i) a discount bond
carrying a market rate of interest (whether fixed or floating), with principal
collateralized by the debtor country with cash or securities in an amount equal
to at least one year of rolling interest; (ii) a par bond carrying a low rate of
interest (whether fixed or floating), collateralized in the same way as in (i)
above; and (iii) retention of existing debt (thereby avoiding a debt write-off)
coupled with an advance of new money or subscription of new bonds.
Each Fund may invest in either collateralized or uncollateralized Brady
bonds. U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady bonds, which may be fixed
rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are collateralized in full as to
principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the
bonds. Interest payments on such bonds generally are collateralized by cash or
securities in an amount that in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at
least one year of rolling interest payments or, in the case of floating rate
bonds, initially is equal to at least one year's rolling interest payments based
on the applicable interest rate at the time and is adjusted at regular intervals
thereafter.
C. Municipal Bonds. Municipal bonds generally fund longer-term capital
needs than municipal notes and have maturities exceeding one year when issued.
Municipal bonds include:
General Obligation Bonds. Issuers of general obligation bonds include
states, counties, cities, towns and regional districts. The proceeds of these
obligations are used to fund a wide range of public projects, including
construction or improvement of schools, highways and roads, and water and sewer
systems. The basic security behind general obligation bonds is the issuer's
pledge of its full faith and credit and taxing power for the payment of
principal and interest. The taxes that can be levied for the payment of debt
service may be limited or unlimited as to the rate or amount of special
assessments.
Revenue Bonds. The principal security for a revenue bond is generally
the net revenues derived from a particular facility, group of facilities or, in
some cases, the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue
source. Revenue bonds are issued to finance a wide variety of capital projects,
including electric, gas, water and sewer systems; highways, bridges, and
tunnels; port and airport facilities; colleges and universities; and hospitals.
Although the principal security behind these bonds may vary, many provide
additional security in the form of a debt service reserve fund that may be used
to make principal and interest payments on the issuer's obligations. Housing
finance authorities have a wide range of security, including partially or fully
insured mortgages, rent subsidized and/or collateralized mortgages, certificates
of deposit and/or the net revenues from housing or other public projects. Some
authorities provide further security in the form of a state's ability (without
obligation) to make up deficiencies in the debt service reserve fund.
Private Activity Bonds. Private activity bonds, which are considered
municipal obligations if the interest paid thereon is excluded from gross income
for Federal income tax purposes but is a specific tax preference item for
Federal individual and corporate alternative minimum tax purposes, are issued by
or on behalf of public authorities to raise money to finance various
privately-operated facilities such as manufacturing facilities, certain hospital
and university facilities and housing projects. These bonds are also used to
finance public facilities such as airports, mass transit systems and ports. The
payment of the principal and interest on these bonds is dependent solely on the
ability of the facility's user to meet its financial obligations and generally
the pledge, if any, of real and personal property so financed as security for
payment.
Municipal Notes. Municipal notes generally fund short-term capital needs.
Each Fund may invest in municipal notes, which include:
Tax Anticipation Notes. Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance
working capital needs of municipalities. Generally, they are issued in
anticipation of various seasonal tax revenue, such as income, sales, use and
business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes.
Revenue Anticipation Notes. Revenue anticipation notes are issued in
expectation of receipt of other types of revenue, such as Federal revenues
available under Federal revenue sharing programs.
Bond Anticipation Notes. Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide
interim financing until long-term financing can be arranged. In most cases, the
long-term bonds provide funds for the repayment of these notes.
Miscellaneous, Temporary and Anticipatory Instruments. These
instruments may include notes issued to obtain interim financing pending
entering into alternate financial arrangements, such as receipt of anticipated
Federal, state or other grants or aid, passage of increased legislative
authority to issue longer-term instruments or obtaining other refinancing.
Construction Loan Notes. Construction loan notes are sold to provide
construction financing. Permanent financing, the proceeds of which are applied
to the payment of construction loan notes, is sometimes provided by a commitment
of the Government National Mortgage Association (`GNMA") to purchase the loan,
accompanied by a commitment by the Federal Housing Administration to insure
mortgage advances thereunder. In other instances, permanent financing is
provided by commitments of banks to purchase the loan. Each Fund will only
purchase construction loan notes that are subject to permanent GNMA or bank
purchase commitments.
Tax Exempt Commercial Paper. Each Fund may invest in tax-exempt
commercial paper. Tax-exempt commercial paper is a short-term obligation with a
stated maturity of 365 days or less. It is issued by agencies of state and local
governments to finance seasonal working capital needs or as short-term financing
in anticipation of longer-term financing.
Standby Commitments. Each Fund may acquire standby commitments or
"puts" solely to facilitate Fund liquidity; the Fund intends to exercise its
rights thereunder for trading purposes. The maturity of a municipal obligation
is not to be considered shortened by any standby commitment to which the
obligation is subject. Thus, standby commitments do not affect the
dollar-weighted average maturity of the Fund.
When municipal obligations are subject to puts separate from the
underlying securities, no value is assigned to the put. Because of the
difficulty of evaluating the likelihood of exercise or the potential benefit of
a put, the Board of Trustees has determined that puts shall have a fair market
value of zero, regardless of whether any direct or indirect consideration was
paid.
Since the value of the put is partly dependent on the ability of the
put writer to meet its obligation to repurchase, the Fund's policy is to enter
into put transactions only with put writers who are approved by Advisor. It is
the Fund's general policy to enter into put transactions only with those put
writers which are determined to present minimal credit risks. In connection with
this determination, the Board of Trustees will review regularly Advisor's list
of approved put writers, taking into consideration, among other things, the
ratings, if available, of their equity and debt securities, their reputation in
the municipal securities markets, their net worth, their efficiency in
consummating transactions and any collateral arrangements, such as letters of
credit securing the puts written by them. Commercial banks normally will be
members of the Federal Reserve System, and other dealers will be members of the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or members of a national
securities exchange. Other put writers will have outstanding debt rated Aa or
better by Moody's Investors Services, Inc. (`Moody's") or AA or better by
Standard & Poor's Ratings Group (`S&P"), or will be of comparable quality in
Advisor's opinion, or such put writers' obligations will be collateralized and
of comparable quality in Advisor's opinion. The Board of Trustees has directed
Advisor not to enter into put transactions with any put writer that, in the
judgment of Advisor using the above-described criteria, is or becomes a
recognizable credit risk. The Trust is unable to predict whether all or any
portion of any loss sustained could subsequently be recovered from a put writer
in the event that a put writer should default on its obligation to repurchase an
underlying security.
D. Zero Coupon Bonds. Zero coupon bonds do not make regular interest
payments. Instead they are sold at a deep discount from their face value. Each
Fund will accrue income on such bonds for tax and accounting purposes, in
accordance with applicable law. This income will be distributed to shareholders.
Because no cash is received at the time such income is accrued, the Fund may be
required to liquidate other portfolio securities to satisfy its distribution
obligations. Because a zero coupon bond does not pay current income, its price
can be very volatile when interest rates change. In calculating its dividend,
the Funds take into account as income a portion of the difference between a zero
coupon bond's purchase price and its face value. Certain types of CMOs pay no
interest for a period of time and therefore present risks similar to zero coupon
bonds.
E. Foreign Securities. Each Fund may invest in foreign equity securities
including common stock, preferred stock and common stock equivalents issued by
foreign companies, and foreign fixed income securities. Foreign fixed income
securities include corporate debt obligations issued by foreign companies and
debt obligations of foreign governments or international organizations. This
category may include floating rate obligations, variable rate obligations,
Yankee dollar obligations (U.S. dollar denominated obligations issued by foreign
companies and traded on U.S. markets) and Eurodollar obligations (U.S. dollar
denominated obligations issued by foreign companies and traded on foreign
markets).
Foreign government obligations generally consist of debt securities
supported by national, state or provincial governments or similar political
units or governmental agencies. Such obligations may or may not be backed by the
national government's full faith and credit and general taxing powers.
Investments in foreign securities also include obligations issued by
international organizations. International organizations include entities
designated or supported by governmental entities to promote economic
reconstruction or development as well as international banking institutions and
related government agencies. Examples are the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the European Coal and Steel
Community, the Asian Development Bank and the InterAmerican Development Bank. In
addition, investments in foreign securities may include debt securities
denominated in multinational currency units of an issuer (including
international issuers). An example of a multinational currency unit is the
European Currency Unit. A European Currency Unit represents specified amounts of
the currencies of certain member states of the European Economic Community, more
commonly known as the Common Market.
Purchases of foreign securities are usually made in foreign currencies
and, as a result, a Fund may incur currency conversion costs and may be affected
favorably or unfavorably by changes in the value of foreign currencies against
the U.S. dollar. In addition, there may be less information publicly available
about a foreign company then about a U.S. company, and foreign companies are not
generally subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and
practices comparable to those in the U.S. Other risks associated with
investments in foreign securities include changes in restrictions on foreign
currency transactions and rates of exchanges, changes in the administrations or
economic and monetary policies of foreign governments, the imposition of
exchange control regulations, the possibility of expropriation decrees and other
adverse foreign governmental action, the imposition of foreign taxes, less
liquid markets, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers,
difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, delays in settlement of
securities transactions and greater price volatility. In addition, investing in
foreign securities will generally result in higher commissions than investing in
similar domestic securities.
F. Financial Services Industry Obligations. Each Fund may invest up to 5%
of its net assets in each of the following obligations of the financial services
industry:
(1) Certificate of Deposit. Certificates of deposit are
negotiable certificates evidencing the indebtedness of a commercial
bank or a savings and loan association to repay funds deposited with it
for a definite period of time (usually from fourteen days to one year)
at a stated or variable interest rate.
(2) Time Deposits. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits
maintained in a banking institution or a savings and loan association
for a specified period of time at a stated interest rate.
(3) Bankers' Acceptances. Bankers' acceptances are credit
instruments evidencing the obligation of a bank to pay a draft which
has been drawn on it by a customer, which instruments reflect the
obligation both of the bank and of the drawer to pay the face amount of
the instrument upon maturity.
G. Repurchase Agreements. A repurchase agreement is a short-term investment
in which the purchaser (i.e., a Fund) acquires ownership of a U.S. Government
obligation (which may be of any maturity) and the seller agrees to repurchase
the obligation at a future time at a set price, thereby determining the yield
during the purchaser's holding period (usually not more than seven days from the
date of purchase). Any repurchase transaction in which a Fund engages will
require full collateralization of the seller's obligation during the entire term
of the repurchase agreement. In the event of a bankruptcy or other default of
the seller, a Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying
security and losses in value. However, each Fund intends to enter into
repurchase agreements only with the Custodian, other banks with assets of $1
billion or more and registered securities dealers determined by the Advisor
(subject to review by the Board of Trustees) to be creditworthy. The Advisor
monitors the creditworthiness of the banks and securities dealers with which a
Fund engages in repurchase transactions.
H. Mortgage-Backed Securities. Mortgage-backed securities represent
participation interests in pools of one-to-four family residential mortgage
loans originated by private mortgage originators. Traditionally, residential
mortgage-backed securities have been issued by governmental agencies such as
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. Non-governmental entities that have
issued or sponsored residential mortgage-backed securities offerings include
savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, insurance companies, investment
banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing.
While residential loans do not typically have prepayment penalties or
restrictions, they are often structured so that subordinated classes may be
locked out of prepayments for a period of time. However, in a period of
extremely rapid prepayments, during which senior classes may be retired faster
than expected, the subordinated classes may receive unscheduled payments of
principal and would have average lives that, while longer than the average lives
of the senior classes, would be shorter than originally expected. The types of
residential mortgage-backed securities which the Fund may invest in may include
the following:
Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Each Fund may invest in
mortgage pass-through securities representing participation interests in pools
of residential mortgage loans originated by the U.S. government and guaranteed,
to the extent provided in such securities, by the U.S. government or one of its
agencies or instrumentalities. Such securities, which are ownership interests in
the underlying mortgage loans, differ from conventional debt securities, which
provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts (usually
semi-annually) and principal payments at maturity or on specified call dates.
Mortgage pass-through securities provide for monthly payments that are a
"pass-through" of the monthly interest and principal payments (including any
prepayments) made by the individual borrowers on the pooled mortgage loans, net
of any fees paid to the guarantor of such securities and the servicer of the
underlying mortgage loans. The guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities in
which the Fund will invest are those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Fannie
Mae and Freddie Mac.
Ginnie Mae Certificates. Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned corporate
instrumentality of the United States Government within the Department of Housing
and Urban Development. The National Housing Act of 1934, as amended (the
"Housing Act"), authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the timely payment of the
principal of and interest on certificates that are based on and backed by a pool
of mortgage loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration under the
Housing Act, or Title V of the Housing Act of 1949 ("FHA Loans"), or guaranteed
by the Veterans' Administration under the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944,
as amended ("VA Loans"), or by pools of other eligible mortgage loans. The
Housing Act provides that the full faith and credit of the U.S. government is
pledged to the payment of all amounts that may be required to be paid under any
guarantee. In order to meet its obligations under such guarantee, Ginnie Mae is
authorized to borrow from the U.S. Treasury with no limitations as to amount.
The Ginnie Mae Certificates will represent a pro rata interest in one
or more pools of the following types of mortgage loans: (i) fixed rate level
payment mortgage loans; (ii) fixed rate graduated payment mortgage loans; (iii)
fixed rate growing equity mortgage loans; (iv) fixed rate mortgage loans secured
by manufactured (mobile) homes; (v) mortgage loans on multifamily residential
properties under construction; (vi) mortgage loans on completed multifamily
projects; (vii) fixed rate mortgage loans as to which escrowed funds are used to
reduce the borrower's monthly payments during the early years of the mortgage
loans ("buydown" mortgage loans); (viii) mortgage loans that provide for
adjustments in payments based on periodic changes in interest rates or in other
payment terms of the mortgage loans; and (ix) mortgage-backed serial notes. All
of these mortgage loans will be FHA Loans or VA Loans and, except as otherwise
specified above, will be fully-amortizing loans secured by first liens on
one-to-four family housing units.
Fannie Mae Certificates. Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and
privately owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National
Mortgage Association Charter Act. Fannie Mae was originally established in 1938
as a U.S. government agency to provide supplemental liquidity to the mortgage
market and was transformed into a stockholder owned and privately managed
corporation by legislation enacted in 1968. Fannie Mae provides funds to the
mortgage market primarily by purchasing home mortgage loans from local lenders,
thereby replenishing their funds for additional lending. Fannie Mae acquires
funds to purchase home mortgage loans from many capital market investors that
may not ordinarily invest in mortgage loans directly, thereby expanding the
total amount of funds available for housing.
Each Fannie Mae Certificate entitles the registered holder thereof to
receive amounts representing such holder's pro rata interest in scheduled
principal payments and interest payments (at such Fannie Mae Certificate's
pass-through rate, which is net of any servicing and guarantee fees on the
underlying mortgage loans), and any principal prepayments on the mortgage loans
in the pool represented by such Fannie Mae Certificate and such holder's
proportionate interest in the full principal amount of any foreclosed or
otherwise finally liquidated mortgage loan. The full and timely payment of
principal of and interest on each Fannie Mae Certificate will be guaranteed by
Fannie Mae, which guarantee is not backed by the full faith and credit of the
U.S. government.
Each Fannie Mae Certificate will represent a pro rata interest in one
or more pools of FHA Loans, VA Loans or conventional mortgage loans (i.e.,
Mortgage Loans that are not insured or guaranteed by any governmental agency) of
the following types; (i) fixed rate level payment mortgage loans; (ii) fixed
rate growing equity mortgage loans; (iii) fixed rate graduated payment mortgage
loans; (iv) variable rate California mortgage loans; (v) other adjustable rate
mortgage loans; and (vi) fixed rate mortgage loans secured by multifamily
projects.
Freddie Mac Certificates. Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of
the United States Government created pursuant to the Emergency Home Finance Act
of 1970, as amended (the "FHLMC Act"). Freddie Mac was established primarily for
the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for the financing
of needed housing. The principal activity of Freddie Mac currently consists of
the purchase of first lien, conventional, residential mortgage loans and
participation interests in such mortgage loans and the resale of the mortgage
loans so purchased in the form of mortgage securities, primarily Freddie Mac
Certificates.
Freddie Mac guarantees to each registered holder of a Freddie Mac
Certificate the timely payment of interest at the rate provided for by such
Freddie Mac Certificate, whether or not received. Freddie Mac also guarantees to
each registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate ultimate collection of all
principal of the related mortgage loans, without any offset or deduction, but
does not generally guarantee the timely payment of scheduled principal. Freddie
Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of collection of
principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage loan, but not
later than 30 days following (i) foreclosure sale, (ii) payment of a claim by
any mortgage insurer, or (iii) the expiration of any right of redemption,
whichever occurs later, but in any event no later than one year after demand has
been made upon the mortgagor for acceleration of payment of principal. The
obligations of Freddie Mac under its guarantee are obligations solely of Freddie
Mac and are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
Freddie Mac Certificates represent a pro rata interest in a group of
mortgage loans (a "Freddie Mac Certificate group") purchased by Freddie Mac. The
mortgage loans underlying the Freddie Mac Certificates will consist of fixed
rate or adjustable rate mortgage loans with original terms to maturity of
between ten and thirty years, substantially all of which are secured by first
liens on one-to-four family residential properties or multifamily projects. Each
mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in the FHLMC Act. A
Freddie Mac Certificate group may include whole loans, participation interests
in whole loans and undivided interests in whole loans and participations
comprising another Freddie Mac Certificate group.
Private Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Private mortgage pass-through
securities ("Private Pass-Throughs") are structured similarly to the Ginnie Mae,
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage pass-through securities described above and
are issued by originators of and investors in mortgage loans, including savings
and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and
special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. Private Pass-Throughs are usually
backed by a pool of conventional fixed rate or adjustable rate mortgage loans.
Since Private Pass-Throughs typically are not guaranteed by an entity
having the credit status of Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, such
securities generally are structured with one or more types of credit
enhancement.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Collateralized mortgage
obligations or "CMOs" are debt obligations collateralized by mortgage loans or
mortgage pass-through securities. Typically, CMOs are collateralized by Ginnie
Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac Certificates, but also may be collateralized by
whole loans or Private Pass-Throughs (such collateral collectively hereinafter
referred to as "Mortgage Assets").
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities. Multi-class pass-through
securities are equity interests in a fund composed of Mortgage Assets. Unless
the context indicates otherwise, all references herein to CMOs include
multi-class pass-through securities. Payments of principal of and interest on
the Mortgage Assets, and any reinvestment income thereon, provide the funds to
pay debt service on the CMOs or make scheduled distributions on the multi-class
pass-through securities. CMOs may be sponsored by agencies or instrumentalities
of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage
loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial
banks, investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. Under
current law, every newly created CMO issuer must elect to be treated for federal
income tax purposes as a Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit (a "REMIC").
In a CMO, a series of bonds or certificates is issued in multiple
classes. Each class of CMOs, often referred to as a "tranche", is issued at a
specific fixed or floating coupon rate and has a stated maturity or final
distribution date. Principal prepayments on the Mortgage Assets may cause the
CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final
distribution dates. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of the CMOs on a
monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis. The principal of and interest on the
Mortgage Assets may be allocated among the several classes of a series of a CMO
in innumerable ways. In one structure, payments of principal, including any
principal prepayments, on the Mortgage Assets are applied to the classes of a
CMO in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution
dates, so that no payment of principal will be made on any class of CMOs until
all other classes having an earlier stated maturity or final distribution date
have been paid in full.
The Fund may also invest in, among others, parallel pay CMOs and
Planned Amortization Class CMOs ("PAC Bonds"). Parallel pay CMOs are structured
to provide payments of principal on each payment date to more than one class.
These simultaneous payments are taken into account in calculating the stated
maturity date or final distribution date of each class, which, as with other CMO
structures, must be retired by its payments of a specified amount of principal
on each payment date.
Multi-class Pass-Through Securities. Stripped mortgage-backed
securities ("SMBS") may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S.
Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans,
including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks,
investment banks and special purpose subsidiaries of the foregoing. SMBS issued
by parties other than agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government are
considered, under current guidelines of the staff of the Securities and Exchange
Commission, to be illiquid securities. The Fund will only invest in stripped
mortgage-backed securities of the U.S. Government and certain of its agencies
and instrumentalities.
SMBS are structured with two or more classes of securities that receive
different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of
Mortgage Assets. A common type of SMBS will have at least one class receiving
none or only a small portion of the interest and all or a larger portion of the
principal from the Mortgage Assets, while the other classes will receive
primarily or entirely interest and only a small portion of the principal.
RTC Securities. The Resolution Trust Corporation ("RTC") was organized
by the U.S. Government in connection with the savings and loan crisis. RTC holds
assets of failed savings and loans either as conservator or receiver for such
institutions or acquires such assets in its corporate capacity. These assets
include, among other things, single family and multifamily mortgage loans as
well as commercial mortgage loans. In order to dispose of such assets in an
orderly manner, RTC has established a vehicle registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission ("SEC") through which it sells credit-enhanced
Mortgage-Backed Securities ("RTC Securities"). These securities represent pro
rata interests in pools of single family and multifamily mortgage loans which
RTC holds or has acquired as described above. It is expected that commercial
mortgage loans may also be included in discrete pools in the near future. Credit
enhancement of RTC Securities is obtained from external sources (including pool
insurance policies, letters of credit and surety guarantees), internal sources
(including subordination and spread accounts) and independent sources (including
reserve funds and cash collateral accounts).
I. Future Contracts and Options on Future Contracts. The successful use
of such instruments draws upon the Advisor's skill and experience with respect
to such instruments and usually depends on the Advisor's ability to forecast
interest rate and currency exchange rate movements correctly. Should interest or
exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, a Fund may not achieve the
anticipated benefits of futures contracts or options on futures contracts or may
realize losses and thus will be in a worse position than if such strategies had
not been used. In addition, the correlation between movements in the price of
futures contracts or options on futures contracts and movements in the price of
the securities and currencies hedged or used for cover will not be perfect and
could produce unanticipated losses.
Futures Contracts. Each Fund may enter into contracts for the purchase
or sale for future delivery of fixed-income securities, foreign currencies, or
contracts based on financial indices including any index of U.S. government
securities, foreign government securities or corporate debt securities. U.S.
futures contracts have been designed by exchanges which have been designated
"contracts markets" by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), and
must be executed through a futures commission merchant, or brokerage firm, which
is a member of the relevant contract market. Futures contracts trade on a number
of exchange markets, and, through their clearing corporations, the exchanges
guarantee performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the
exchange. A Fund may enter into futures contracts which are based on debt
securities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government,
such as long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds, Treasury Notes, Government National
Mortgage Association (`GNMA") modified pass-through mortgage-backed securities
and three-month U.S. Treasury Bills. A Fund may also enter into futures
contracts which are based on bonds issued by entities other than the U.S.
government. At the same time a futures contract is purchased or sold, the Fund
must allocate cash or securities as a deposit payment ("initial deposit"). It is
expected that the initial deposit would be approximately 1 1/2% to 5% of a
contract's face value. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued and the
payment of "variation margin" may be required, since each day the Fund would
provide or receive cash that reflects any decline or increase in the contract's
value. At the time of delivery of securities pursuant to such a contract,
adjustments are made to recognize differences in value arising from the delivery
of securities with a different interest rate from that specified in the
contract. In some (but not many) cases, securities called for by a futures
contract may not have been issued when the contract was written.
Although futures contracts by their terms call for the actual delivery
or acquisition of securities, in most cases the contractual obligation is
fulfilled before the date of the contract without having to make or take
delivery of the securities. The offsetting of a contractual obligation is
accomplished by buying (or selling, as the case may be) on a commodities
exchange an identical futures contract calling for delivery in the same month.
Such a transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels
the obligation to make or take delivery of the securities. Since all
transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled through a
clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded,
the Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases or sells futures contracts.
The purpose of the acquisition or sale of a futures contract, in the
case of a Fund which holds or intends to acquire fixed-income securities, is to
attempt to protect the Fund from fluctuations in interest or foreign exchange
rates without actually buying or selling fixed-income securities or foreign
currencies. For example, if interest rates were expected to increase, the Fund
might enter into futures contracts for the sale of debt securities. Such a sale
would have much the same effect as selling an equivalent value of the debt
securities owned by the Fund. If interest rates did increase, the value of the
debt security in the Fund would decline, but the value of the futures contracts
to the Fund would increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the
net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have.
The Fund could accomplish similar results by selling debt securities and
investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to
increase. However, since the futures market is more liquid than the cash market,
the use of futures contracts as an investment technique allows the Fund to
maintain a defensive position without having to sell its Fund securities.
Similarly, when it is expected that interest rates may decline, futures
contracts may be purchased to attempt to hedge against anticipated purchases of
debt securities at higher prices. Since the fluctuations in the value of futures
contracts should be similar to those of debt securities, a Fund could take
advantage of the anticipated rise in the value of debt securities without
actually buying them until the market had stabilized. At that time, the futures
contracts could be liquidated and the Fund could then buy debt securities on the
cash market. To the extent a Fund enters into futures contracts for this
purpose, the assets in the segregated asset account maintained to cover the
Fund's obligations with respect to such futures contracts will consist of cash,
cash equivalents or high quality liquid debt securities from its Fund in an
amount equal to the difference between the fluctuating market value of such
futures contracts and the aggregate value of the initial and variation margin
payments made by the Fund with respect to such futures contracts.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures market, due
to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions.
First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and
variation requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin
requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and
futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures market depends on
participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking
delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity
in the futures market could be reduced, thus producing distortion. Third, from
the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements in the futures
market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market.
Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may
cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of distortion, a
correct forecast of general interest rate trends by the Advisor may still not
result in a successful transaction.
In addition, futures contracts entail risks. Although the Advisor
believes that use of such contracts will benefit the Funds, if the Advisor's
investment judgment about the general direction of interest rates is incorrect,
a Fund's overall performance would be poorer than if it had not entered into any
such contract. For example, if a Fund has hedged against the possibility of an
increase in interest rates which would adversely affect the price of debt
securities held in its Fund and interest rates decrease instead, the Fund will
lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its debt securities
which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures
positions. In addition, in such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, it
may have to sell debt securities from its Fund to meet daily variation margin
requirements. Such sales of bonds may be, but will not necessarily be, at
increased prices which reflect the rising market. A Fund may have to sell
securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Options on Futures Contracts. Each Fund may purchase and write options
on futures contracts for hedging purposes. The purchase of a call option on a
futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase of a call option on
an individual security. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to
either the price of the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of
the underlying debt securities, it may or may not be less risky than ownership
of the futures contract or underlying debt securities. As with the purchase of
futures contracts, when a Fund is not fully invested it may purchase a call
option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance due to declining
interest rates.
The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a
partial hedge against declining prices of the security or foreign currency which
is deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at
expiration of the option is below the exercise price, a Fund will retain the
full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any
decline that may have occurred in the Fund's holdings. The writing of a put
option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing
prices of the security or foreign currency which is deliverable upon exercise of
the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher
than the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option
premium which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of
securities which the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Fund
has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss which will be reduced by
the amount of the premium it receives. Depending on the degree of correlation
between changes in the value of its Fund securities and changes in the value of
its futures positions, the Fund's losses from existing options on futures may to
some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of Fund securities.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract is similar in some
respects to the purchase of protective put options on Fund securities. For
example, a Fund may purchase a put option on a futures contract to hedge against
the risk of rising interest rates.
The amount of risk a Fund assumes when it purchases an option on a
futures contract is the premium paid for the option plus related transaction
costs. In addition to the correlation risks discussed above, the purchase of an
option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures
contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option purchased.
The Board of Trustees of each Fund has adopted a further restriction
that the Fund will not enter into any futures contracts or options on futures
contracts if immediately thereafter the amount of margin deposits on all the
futures contracts of the Fund and premiums paid on outstanding options on
futures contracts owned by the Fund (other than those entered into for bona fide
hedging purposes) would exceed 5% of the market value of the total assets of the
Fund.
Options on Foreign Currency. Each Fund may purchase and write options
on foreign currencies for hedging purposes in a manner similar to that in which
futures contracts on foreign currencies, or forward contracts, will be utilized.
For example, a decline in the dollar value of a foreign currency in which Fund
securities are denominated will reduce the dollar value of such securities, even
if their value in the foreign currency remains constant. In order to protect
against such diminutions in the value of Fund securities, the Fund may purchase
put options on the foreign currency. If the value of the currency does decline,
a Fund will have the right to sell such currency for a fixed amount in dollars
and will thereby offset, in whole or in part, the adverse effect on its Fund
which otherwise would have resulted.
Conversely, where a rise in the dollar value of a currency in which
securities to be acquired are denominated is projected, thereby increasing the
cost of such securities, the Fund may purchase call options thereon. The
purchase of such options could offset, at least partially, the effects of the
adverse movements in exchange rates. As in the case of other types of options,
however, the benefit to the Fund deriving from purchases of foreign currency
options will be reduced by the amount of the premium and related transaction
costs. In addition, where currency exchange rates do not move in the direction
or to the extent anticipated, the Fund could sustain losses on transactions in
foreign currency options which would require it to forego a portion or all of
the benefits of advantageous changes in such rates.
Each Fund may write options on foreign currencies for the same types of
hedging purposes. For example, where a Fund anticipates a decline in the dollar
value of foreign currency denominated securities due to adverse fluctuations in
exchange rates it could, instead of purchasing a put option, write a call option
on the relevant currency. If the expected decline occurs, the options will most
likely not be exercised, and the diminution in value of Fund securities will be
offset by the amount of the premium received.
Similarly, instead of purchasing a call option to hedge against an
anticipated increase in the dollar cost of securities to be acquired, the Fund
could write a put option on the relevant currency which, if rates move in the
manner projected, will expire unexercised and allow the Fund to hedge such
increased cost up to the amount of the premium. As in the case of other types of
options, however, the writing of a foreign currency option will constitute only
a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium, and only if rates move in the
expected direction. If this does not occur, the option may be exercised and the
Fund would be required to purchase or sell the underlying currency at a loss
which may not be offset by the amount of the premium. Through the writing of
options on foreign currencies, the Fund also may be required to forego all or a
portion of the benefits which might otherwise have been obtained from favorable
movements in exchange rates.
Additional Risks of Options on Futures Contracts and Forward Contracts.
Unlike transactions entered into by a Fund in futures contracts, options on
forward contracts are not traded on contract markets regulated by the CFTC or by
the SEC. To the contrary, such instruments are traded through financial
institutions acting as market-makers, subject to SEC regulation. In an
over-the-counter trading environment, many of the protections afforded to
exchange participants will not be available. For example, there are no daily
price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue
to an unlimited extent over a period of time. Although the purchaser of an
option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction
costs, this entire amount could be lost. Moreover, the option writer and a
trader of forward contracts could lose amounts substantially in excess of their
initial investments, due to the margin and collateral requirements associated
with such positions.
In addition, futures contracts, options on futures contracts and
forward contracts may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions are
subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in or the prices
of securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by:
(i) other complex foreign political and economic factors; (ii) lesser
availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading
decisions; (iii) delays in the Fund's ability to act upon economic events
occurring in foreign markets during nonbusiness hours in the United States; (iv)
the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and
margin requirements than in the United States; and (v) lesser trading volume.
Options on Securities. Each Fund may write (sell) call and put options
to a limited extent on its Fund securities in an attempt to increase income.
However, the Fund may forgo the benefits of appreciation on securities sold or
may pay more than the market price on securities acquired pursuant to call and
put options written by the Fund.
When a Fund writes a call option, it gives the purchaser of the option
the right to buy the underlying security at the price specified in the option
(the "exercise price") by exercising the option at any time during the option
period. If the option expires unexercised, the Fund will realize income in an
amount equal to the premium received for writing the option. If the option is
exercised, a decision over which the Fund has no control, the Fund must sell the
underlying security to the option holder at the exercise price. By writing a
call option, the Fund forgoes, in exchange for the premium less the commission
("net premium"), the opportunity to profit during the option period from an
increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise
price.
When a Fund writes a put option, it gives the purchaser of the option
the right to sell the underlying security to the Fund at the specified exercise
price at any time during the option period. If the option expires unexercised,
the Fund will realize income in the amount of the premium received for writing
the option. If the put option is exercised, a decision over which the Fund has
no control, the Fund must purchase the underlying security from the option
holder at the exercise price. By writing a put option, the Fund, in exchange for
the net premium received, accepts the risk of a decline in the market value of
the underlying security below the exercise price.
A Fund may terminate its obligation as the writer of a call or put
option by purchasing an option with the same exercise price and expiration date
as the option previously written. This transaction is called a "closing purchase
transaction." The Fund will realize a profit or loss for a closing purchase
transaction if the amount paid to purchase an option is less or more, as the
case may be, than the amount received from the sale thereof. To close out a
position as a purchaser of an option, the Fund, may make a `closing sale
transaction" which involves liquidating the Fund's position by selling the
option previously purchased. Where the Fund cannot effect a closing purchase
transaction, it may be forced to incur brokerage commissions or dealer spreads
in selling securities it receives or it may be forced to hold underlying
securities until an option is exercised or expires.
When a Fund writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium
received by the Fund is included in the liability section of the Fund's
Statement of Assets and Liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of the
deferred credit will be subsequently marked to market to reflect the current
market value of the option written. The current market value of a traded option
is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the mean between the
closing bid and asked price. If an option expires on its stipulated expiration
date or if the Fund enters into a closing purchase transaction, the Fund will
realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds
the premium received when the option was sold), and the deferred credit related
to such option will be eliminated. If a call option is exercised, the Fund will
realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security and the proceeds
of the sale will be increased by the premium originally received. The writing of
covered call options may be deemed to involve the pledge of the securities
against which the option is being written. Securities against which call options
are written will be segregated on the books of the Custodian for the Fund.
A Fund may purchase call and put options on any securities in which it
may invest. The Fund would normally purchase a call option in anticipation of an
increase in the market value of such securities. The purchase of a call option
would entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to purchase a security
at a specified price during the option period. The Fund would ordinarily have a
gain if the value of the securities increased above the exercise price
sufficiently to cover the premium and would have a loss if the value of the
securities remained at or below the exercise price during the option period.
A Fund would normally purchase put options in anticipation of a decline
in the market value of securities in its Fund ("protective puts") or securities
of the type in which it is permitted to invest. The purchase of a put option
would entitle the Fund, in exchange for the premium paid, to sell a security,
which may or may not be held in the Fund's holdings, at a specified price during
the option period. The purchase of protective puts is designed merely to offset
or hedge against a decline in the market value of the Fund's holdings. Put
options also may be purchased by the Fund for the purpose of affirmatively
benefiting from a decline in the price of securities which the Fund does not
own. The Fund would ordinarily recognize a gain if the value of the securities
decreased below the exercise price sufficiently to cover the premium and would
recognize a loss if the value of the securities remained at or above the
exercise price. Gains and losses on the purchase of protective put options would
tend to be offset by countervailing changes in the value of underlying Fund
securities.
The hours of trading for options on securities may not conform to the
hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the
option markets close before the markets for the underlying securities,
significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying securities
markets that cannot be reflected in the option markets. It is impossible to
predict the volume of trading that may exist in such options, and there can be
no assurance that viable exchange markets will develop or continue.
A Fund may engage in over-the-counter options transactions with
broker-dealers who make markets in these options. At present, approximately ten
broker-dealers, including several of the largest primary dealers in U.S.
government securities, make these markets. The ability to terminate
over-the-counter option positions is more limited than with exchange-traded
option positions because the predominant market is the issuing broker rather
than an exchange, and may involve the risk that broker-dealers participating in
such transactions will not fulfill their obligations. To reduce this risk, the
Fund will purchase such options only from broker-dealers who are primary
government securities dealers recognized by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
and who agree to (and are expected to be capable of) entering into closing
transactions, although there can be no guarantee that any such option will be
liquidated at a favorable price prior to expiration. The Advisor will monitor
the creditworthiness of dealers with whom the Fund enters into such options
transactions under the general supervision of the Funds' Board of Trustees.
Options on Securities Indices. In addition to options on securities,
each Fund may also purchase and write (sell) call and put options on securities
indices. Such options give the holder the right to receive a cash settlement
during the term of the option based upon the difference between the exercise
price and the value of the index. Such options will be used for the purposes
described above under "Options on Securities."
Options on securities indices entail risks in addition to the risks of
options on securities. The absence of a liquid secondary market to close out
options positions on securities indices is more likely to occur, although the
Fund generally will only purchase or write such an option if the Advisor
believes the option can be closed out.
Use of options on securities indices also entails the risk that trading
in such options may be interrupted if trading in certain securities included in
the index is interrupted. The Fund will not purchase such options unless the
Advisor believes the market is sufficiently developed such that the risk of
trading in such options is no greater than the risk of trading in options on
securities.
Price movements in a Fund's holdings may not correlate precisely with
movements in the level of an index and, therefore, the use of options on indices
cannot serve as a complete hedge. Because options on securities indices require
settlement in cash, the Advisor may be forced to liquidate Fund securities to
meet settlement obligations.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. Because each Fund may buy
and sell securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and
receives interest, dividends and sale proceeds in currencies other than the U.S.
dollar, a Fund from time to time may enter into foreign currency exchange
transactions to convert to and from different foreign currencies and to convert
foreign currencies to and from the U.S. dollar. A Fund either enters into these
transactions on a spot (i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the
foreign currency exchange market or uses forward contracts to purchase or sell
foreign currencies.
A forward foreign currency exchange contract is an obligation by a Fund
to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed
number of days from the date of the contract. Forward foreign currency exchange
contracts establish an exchange rate at a future date. These contracts are
transferable in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders
(usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward foreign currency
exchange contract generally has no deposit requirement and is traded at a net
price without commission. Each Fund maintains with its custodian a segregated
account of high grade liquid assets in an amount at least equal to its
obligations under each forward foreign currency exchange contract. Neither spot
transactions nor forward foreign currency exchange contracts eliminate
fluctuations in the prices of the Fund's securities or in foreign exchange
rates, or prevent loss if the prices of these securities should decline.
Each Fund may enter into foreign currency hedging transactions in an
attempt to protect against changes in foreign currency exchange rates between
the trade and settlement dates of specific securities transactions or changes in
foreign currency exchange rates that would adversely affect a Fund position or
an anticipated investment position. Since consideration of the prospect for
currency parities will be incorporated into the Advisor's long-term investment
decisions, a Fund will not routinely enter into foreign currency hedging
transactions with respect to security transactions. However, the Advisor
believes that it is important to have the flexibility to enter into foreign
currency hedging transactions when it determines that the transactions would be
in the Fund's best interest. Although these transactions tend to minimize the
risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same
time they tend to limit any potential gain that might be realized should the
value of the hedged currency increase. The precise matching of the forward
contract amounts and the value of the securities involved will not generally be
possible because the future value of such securities in foreign currencies will
change as a consequence of market movements in the value of such securities
between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures.
The projection of currency market movements is extremely difficult, and the
successful execution of a hedging strategy is highly uncertain.
While these contracts are not presently regulated by the CFTC, the CFTC
may in the future assert authority to regulate forward contracts. In such event
the Fund's ability to utilize forward contracts in the manner set forth in the
Prospectus may be restricted. Forward contracts may reduce the potential gain
from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign
currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer
overall performance for the Fund than if it had not entered into such contracts.
The use of foreign currency forward contracts may not eliminate fluctuations in
the underlying U.S. dollar equivalent value of the prices of or rates of return
on a Fund's foreign currency denominated Fund securities and the use of such
techniques will subject a Fund to certain risks.
The matching of the increase in value of a forward contract and the
decline in the U.S. dollar equivalent value of the foreign currency denominated
asset that is the subject of the hedge generally will not be precise. In
addition, a Fund may not always be able to enter into foreign currency forward
contracts at attractive prices and this will limit the Fund's ability to use
such contracts to hedge or cross-hedge its assets. Also, with regard to a Fund's
use of cross-hedges, there can be no assurance that historical correlations
between the movement of certain foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar
will continue. Thus, at any time poor correlation may exist between movements in
the exchange rates of the foreign currencies underlying a Fund's cross-hedges
and the movements in the exchange rates of the foreign currencies in which the
Fund's assets that are the subject of such cross-hedges are denominated.
J. Short-Term Instruments. When a Fund experiences large cash inflows
through the sale of securities and desirable equity securities, that are
consistent with the Fund's investment objective, which are unavailable in
sufficient quantities or at attractive prices, each Fund may invest in
short-term instruments for a limited time pending availability of such Fund
securities. Short-term instruments consist of foreign or domestic: (i)
short-term obligations of sovereign governments, their agencies,
instrumentalities, authorities or political subdivisions; (ii) other short-term
debt securities rated AA or higher by Standard & Poor's Rating Group (`S&P") or
Aa or higher by Moody's Investors Services, Inc. (`Moody's") or, if unrated, of
comparable quality in the opinion of Advisor; (iii) commercial paper; (iv) bank
obligations, including negotiable certificates of deposit, time deposits and
banker's acceptances; and (v) repurchase agreements. At the time the Fund
invests in commercial paper, bank obligations or repurchase agreements, the
issuer of the issuer's parent must have outstanding debt rated AA or higher by
S&P or Aa or higher by Moody's or outstanding commercial paper or bank
obligations rated A-1 by S&P or Prime-1 by Moody's; or, if no such ratings are
available, the instrument must be of comparable quality in the opinion of
Advisor. These instruments may be denominated in U.S.
dollars or in foreign currencies.
K. Illiquid Securities. Historically, illiquid securities have included
securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they
have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933
Act"), securities which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase
agreements having a remaining maturity of longer than seven days. Securities
which have not been registered under the 1933 Act are referred to as private
placements or restricted securities and are purchased directly from the issuer
or in the secondary market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant
amount of these restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential
for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may
have an adverse effect on the marketability of Fund securities and a mutual fund
might be unable to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly
or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying
redemptions within seven days. A mutual fund might also have to register such
restricted securities in order to dispose of them resulting in additional
expense and delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering
of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act, including
repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale of such investments to the
general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of their
liquidity.
The Securities and Exchange Commission the (the "SEC") has adopted Rule
144A, which allows a broader institutional trading market for securities
otherwise subject to restriction on their resale to the general public. Rule
144A establishes a "safe harbor" from the registration requirements of the 1933
Act of resales of certain securities to qualified institutional buyers. The
Advisor anticipates that the market for certain restricted securities such as
institutional commercial paper will expand further as a result of this
regulation and the development of automated systems for the trading, clearance
and settlement of unregistered securities of domestic and foreign issuers, such
as the PORTAL System sponsored by the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc.
The Advisor will monitor the liquidity of Rule 144A securities in each
Fund's holdings under the supervision of the Fund's Board of Trustees. In
reaching liquidity decisions, the Advisor will consider, among other things, the
following factors: (1) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (2)
the number of dealers and other potential purchasers or sellers of the security;
(3) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security and (4) the nature of
the security and of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of
the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of the
transfer).
L. Restricted Securities. Restricted securities generally can be sold
in privately negotiated transactions, pursuant to an exemption from registration
under the Securities Act of 1933, or in a registered public offering. Where the
registration is required, a Fund holding restricted securities may be obligated
to pay all or part of the registration expense and a considerable period may
elapse between the time it decides to seek registration and the time the Fund
may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement.
If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund
might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to seek
registration of the security.
Each Fund may choose, at its expense or in conjunction with others, to
pursue litigation or otherwise exercise its rights as security holder to seek to
protect the interests of security holders if it determines this to be in the
best interests of the Fund shareholders.
M. Securities Lending. Each Fund may lend securities to parties such as
broker-dealers, banks, or institutional investors. Securities lending allows a
Fund to retain ownership of the securities loaned and, at the same time, to earn
additional income. Since there may be delays in the recovery of loaned
securities, or even a loss of rights in collateral supplied, should the borrower
fail financially, loans will be made only to parties whose creditworthiness has
been reviewed and deemed satisfactory by the Advisor. Furthermore, they will
only be made if, in the judgment of the Advisor, the consideration to be earned
from such loans would justify the risk.
The Advisor understands that it is the current view of the staff of the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") that a Fund may engage in loan
transactions only under the following conditions: (1) a Fund must receive 100%
collateral in the form of cash, cash equivalents (e.g., U.S. Treasury bills or
notes) or other high grade liquid debt instruments from the borrower; (2) the
borrower must increase the collateral whenever the market value of the
securities loaned (determined on a daily basis) rises above the value of the
collateral; (3) after giving notice, the Fund must be able to terminate the loan
at any time; (4) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan or a flat
fee from the borrower, as well as amounts equivalent to any dividends, interest,
or other distributions on the securities loaned and to any increase in market
value; (5) the Fund may pay only reasonable custodian fees in connection with
the loan; and (6) the Board of Trustees must be able to vote proxies on the
securities loaned, either by terminating the loan or by entering into an
alternative arrangement with the borrower.
Cash received through loan transactions may be invested in any security
in which the Fund is authorized to invest. Investing this cash subjects that
investment, as well as the security loaned, to market forces (i.e., capital
appreciation or depreciation).
N. Leveraging. Leveraging a Fund creates an opportunity for increased
net income but, at the same time, creates special risk considerations. For
example, leveraging may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of Fund shares
and in the yield on a Fund's Fund. Although the principal of such borrowings
will be fixed, a Fund's assets may change in value during the time the borrowing
is outstanding. Leveraging will create interest expenses for the Fund which can
exceed the income from the assets retained. To the extent the income derived
from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund will
have to pay, the Fund's net income will be greater than if leveraging were not
used. Conversely, if the income from the assets retained with borrowed funds is
not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of the Fund will
be less than if leveraging were not used, and therefore the amount available for
distribution to shareholders will be reduced.
O. Assest-Backed Securities. Assest-backed securities are undivided
fractional interests in pools of consumer loans (unrelated to mortgage loans)
held in a trust. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to
certificate holders and are typically supported by some form of credit
enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guaranty or
senior/subordination. The degree of credit enhancement varies, but generally
amounts to only a fraction of the asset-backed security's par value until
exhausted. If the credit enhancement is exhausted, certificateholders may
experience losses or delays in payment if the required payments of principal and
interest are not made to the trust with respect to the underlying loans. The
value of these securities also may change because of changes in the market's
perception of the creditworthiness of the servicing agent for the loan pool, the
originator of the loans or the financial institution providing the credit
enhancement. Assest-backed securities are ultimately dependent upon payment of
consumer loans by individuals, and the certificateholder generally has no
recourse against the entity that originated the loans. The underlying loans are
subject to prepayments which shorten the securities' weighted average life and
may lower their return. As prepayments flow through at par, total returns would
be affected by the prepayments: if a security were trading at a premium, its
total return would be lowered by prepayments, and if a security were trading a
discount, its total return would be increased by prepayments.
INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS
Fundamental. The investment limitations described below have been adopted
by the Trust with respect to each Fund and are fundamental ("Fundamental"),
i.e., they may not be changed without the affirmative vote of a majority of the
outstanding shares of the Fund. As used in the Prospectus and the Statement of
Additional Information, the term "majority" of the outstanding shares of the
Fund means the lesser of (1) 67% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund
present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares
of the Fund are present or represented at such meeting; or (2) more than 50% of
the outstanding shares of the Fund. Other investment practices which may be
changed by the Board of Trustees without the approval of shareholders to the
extent permitted by applicable law, regulation or regulatory policy are
considered non-fundamental ("Non-Fundamental").
1. Borrowing Money. The Funds will not borrow money, except (a) from a
bank, provided that immediately after such borrowing there is an asset coverage
of 300% for all borrowings of the Fund; or (b) from a bank or other persons for
temporary purposes only, provided that such temporary borrowings are in an
amount not exceeding 5% of the Fund's total assets at the time when the
borrowing is made. This limitation does not preclude the Fund from entering into
reverse repurchase transactions, provided that the Fund has an asset coverage of
300% for all borrowings and repurchase commitments of the Fund pursuant to
reverse repurchase transactions.
2. Senior Securities. The Funds will not issue senior securities. This
limitation is not applicable to activities that may be deemed to involve the
issuance or sale of a senior security by the Fund, provided that the Fund's
engagement in such activities is (a) consistent with or permitted by the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder or interpretations of the Securities and Exchange
Commission or its staff and (b) as described in the Prospectus and the Statement
of Additional Information.
3. Underwriting. The Funds will not act as underwriter of securities
issued by other persons. This limitation is not applicable to the extent that,
in connection with the disposition of Fund securities (including restricted
securities), a Fund may be deemed an underwriter under certain federal
securities laws.
4. Real Estate. The Funds will not purchase or sell real estate. This
limitation is not applicable to investments in marketable securities which are
secured by or represent interests in real estate. This limitation does not
preclude a Fund from investing in mortgage-related securities or investing in
companies engaged in the real estate business or that have a significant portion
of their assets in real estate (including real estate investment trusts).
5. Commodities. The Funds will not purchase or sell commodities unless
acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other investments. This
limitation does not preclude a Fund from purchasing or selling options or
futures contracts, from investing in securities or other instruments backed by
commodities or from investing in companies which are engaged in a commodities
business or have a significant portion of their assets in commodities.
6. Loans. The Funds will not make loans to other persons, except (a) by
loaning Fund securities, (b) by engaging in repurchase agreements, or (c) by
purchasing nonpublicly offered debt securities. For purposes of this limitation,
the term "loans" shall not include the purchase of a portion of an issue of
publicly distributed bonds, debentures or other securities.
7. Concentration. Each Fund will not invest 25% or more of its total
assets in a particular industry. This limitation is not applicable to
investments in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its
agencies and instrumentalities or repurchase agreements with respect thereto.
With respect to the percentages adopted by the Trust as maximum
limitations on its investment policies and limitations, an excess above the
fixed percentage will not be a violation of the policy or limitation unless the
excess results immediately and directly from the acquisition of any security or
the action taken. This paragraph does not apply to the borrowing policy set
forth in paragraph 1 above.
Notwithstanding any of the foregoing limitations, any investment
company, whether organized as a trust, association or corporation, or a personal
holding company, may be merged or consolidated with or acquired by the Trust,
provided that if such merger, consolidation or acquisition results in an
investment in the securities of any issuer prohibited by said paragraphs, the
Trust shall, within ninety days after the consummation of such merger,
consolidation or acquisition, dispose of all of the securities of such issuer so
acquired or such portion thereof as shall bring the total investment therein
within the limitations imposed by said paragraphs above as of the date of
consummation.
Non-Fundamental. The following limitations have been adopted by the Trust
with respect to each Fund and are Non-Fundamental (see "Investment Restrictions"
above).
i. Pledging. The Funds will not mortgage, pledge, hypothecate or in any
manner transfer, as security for indebtedness, any assets of a Fund except as
may be necessary in connection with borrowings described in limitation (1)
above. Margin deposits, security interests, liens and collateral arrangements
with respect to transactions involving options, futures contracts, short sales
and other permitted investments and techniques are not deemed to be a mortgage,
pledge or hypothecation of assets for purposes of this limitation.
ii. Borrowing. Each Fund will not purchase any security while
borrowings (including reverse repurchase agreements) representing more than 5%
of its total assets are outstanding.
iii. Margin Purchases. The Funds will not purchase securities or
evidences of interest thereon on "margin." This limitation is not applicable to
short term credit obtained by a Fund for the clearance of purchases and sales or
redemption of securities, or to arrangements with respect to transactions
involving options, futures contracts, short sales and other permitted
investments and techniques.
iv. Illiquid Securities. Neither Fund will invest more than 15% of
its net assets in illiquid securities.
THE INVESTMENT ADVISOR
The Funds' investment advisor is CommonWealth Advisors, Inc., 247
Florida Street, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 (the "Advisor"). Walter A. Morales may be
deemed to be a controlling person of the Advisor due to his ownership of the
shares of the Advisor.
Under the terms of the management agreement (the "Agreement"), the
Advisor manages each Fund's investments subject to approval of the Board of
Trustees and pays all of the expenses of each Fund except brokerage, taxes,
interest, fees and expenses of the non-interested person trustees and
extraordinary expenses. As compensation for its management services and
agreement to pay the Funds' expenses, the Funds are obligated to pay the Advisor
a fee computed and accrued daily and paid monthly at an annual rate of 1.10% of
the average daily net assets of the Florida Street Bond Fund, and 1.35% of the
average daily net assets of the Florida Street Growth Fund. The Advisor may
waive all or part of its fee, at any time, and at its sole discretion, but such
action shall not obligate the Advisor to waive any fees in the future. For the
period August 4, 1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997, and
for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, the Florida Street Bond Fund paid
advisory fees of $14,080 and $153,078 respectively. For the period August 6,
1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 and for the fiscal
year ended October 31, 1998, the Florida Street Growth Fund paid advisory fees
of $6,339 and $37,385, respectively.
The Advisor retains the right to use the name "Florida Street" in
connection with another investment company or business enterprise with which the
Advisor is or may become associated. The Trust's right to use the name "Florida
Street" automatically ceases ninety days after termination of the Agreement and
may be withdrawn by the Advisor on ninety days written notice.
The Advisor may make payments to banks or other financial institutions
that provide shareholder services and administer shareholder accounts. The
Glass-Steagall Act prohibits banks from engaging in the business of
underwriting, selling or distributing securities. Although the scope of this
prohibition under the Glass-Steagall Act has not been clearly defined by the
courts or appropriate regulatory agencies, management of the Funds believes that
the Glass-Steagall Act should not preclude a bank from providing such services.
However, state securities laws on this issue may differ from the interpretations
of federal law expressed herein and banks and financial institutions may be
required to register as dealers pursuant to state law. If a bank were prohibited
from continuing to perform all or a part of such services, management of the
Funds believes that there would be no material impact on a Fund or its
shareholders. Banks may charge their customers fees for offering these services
to the extent permitted by applicable regulatory authorities, and the overall
return to those shareholders availing themselves of the bank services will be
lower than to those shareholders who do not. Each Fund may from time to time
purchase securities issued by banks which provide such services; however, in
selecting investments for a Fund, no preference will be shown for such
securities.
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The names of the Trustees and executive officers of the Trust are shown
below. Each Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust, as defined in
the Investment Company Act of 1940, is indicated by an asterisk.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
======================================= ------------------------------ ====================================================
Name, Age and Address Position Principal Occupations During
Past 5 Years
======================================= ------------------------------ ====================================================
* Kenneth D. Trumpfheller President and Trustee President, Treasurer and Secretary of AmeriPrime
Age: 40 Financial Services, Inc., the Funds'
1793 Kingswood Drive administrator, and AmeriPrime Financial
Suite 200 Securities, Inc., the Funds' distributor, since
Southlake, Texas 76092 1994. Prior to December, 1994, a senior client
executive with SEI Financial Services.
======================================= ------------------------------ ====================================================
Paul S. Bellany Secretary, Treasurer Secretary, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
Age: 39 of AmeriPrime Financial Services, Inc. and
1793 Kingswood Drive AmeriPrime Financial Securities, Inc. , various
Suite 200 positions with Fidelity Investments from 1987 to
Southlake, Texas 76092 1998; most recently Fund Reporting Unit Manager.
======================================= ------------------------------ ====================================================
Steve L. Cobb Trustee President of Chandler Engineering Company, L.L.C.,
Age: 41 oil and gas services company; various positions
2001 Indianwood Ave. with Carbo Ceramics, Inc., oil field
Broken Arrow, OK 74012 manufacturing/supply company, from 1984 to 1997,
most recently Vice President of Marketing.
======================================= ============================== ====================================================
Gary E. Hippenstiel Trustee Director, Vice President and Chief Investment
Age: 51 Officer of Legacy Trust Company since 1992;
600 Jefferson St. Suite 350 President and Director of Heritage Trust Company
Houston, Texas 77063 from 1994 to 1996.
======================================= ============================== ====================================================
</TABLE>
Trustee fees are Trust expenses and each series of the Trust pays a
portion of the Trustee fees. The compensation paid to the Trustees of the Trust
for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998 is set forth in the following table:
=========================== ----------------- ==================================
Name Aggregate Total Compensation
Compensation from Trust (the Trust is
from Trust not in a Fund Complex)
=========================== ----------------- ==================================
Kenneth D. Trumpfhelle 0 0
=========================== ----------------- ==================================
Steve L. C $4,000 $4,000
=========================== ----------------- ==================================
Gary E. Hippenstiel $4,000 $4,000
=========================== ----------------- ==================================
FUND TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to policies established by the Board of Trustees of the Trust,
the Advisor is responsible for each Fund's Fund decisions and the placing of
each Fund's Fund transactions. In placing Fund transactions, the Advisor seeks
the best qualitative execution for each Fund, taking into account such factors
as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), the
execution capability, financial responsibility and responsiveness of the broker
or dealer and the brokerage and research services provided by the broker or
dealer. The Advisor generally seeks favorable prices and commission rates that
are reasonable in relation to the benefits received.
The Advisor is specifically authorized to select brokers or dealers who
also provide brokerage and research services to the Funds and/or the other
accounts over which the Advisor exercises investment discretion and to pay such
brokers or dealers a commission in excess of the commission another broker or
dealer would charge if the Advisor determines in good faith that the commission
is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services
provided. The determination may be viewed in terms of a particular transaction
or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to the Trust and to other
accounts over which it exercises investment discretion.
Research services include supplemental research, securities and
economic analyses, statistical services and information with respect to the
availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities and analyses
of reports concerning performance of accounts. The research services and other
information furnished by brokers through whom a Fund effects securities
transactions may also be used by the Advisor in servicing all of its accounts.
Similarly, research and information provided by brokers or dealers serving other
clients may be useful to the Advisor in connection with its services to the
Funds. Although research services and other information are useful to the Funds
and the Advisor, it is not possible to place a dollar value on the research and
other information received. It is the opinion of the Board of Trustees and the
Advisor that the review and study of the research and other information will not
reduce the overall cost to the Advisor of performing its duties to the Funds
under the Agreement. Due to research services provided by brokers, the Florida
Street Bond Fund and the Florida Street Growth Fund directed to brokers
$2,102,020 and $714,080 (on which commissions were $6,351 and $1,560),
respectively, during the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998.
Over-the-counter transactions will be placed either directly with
principal market makers or with broker-dealers, if the same or a better price,
including commissions and executions, is available. Fixed income securities are
normally purchased directly from the issuer, an underwriter or a market maker.
Purchases include a concession paid by the issuer to the underwriter and the
purchase price paid to a market maker may include the spread between the bid and
asked prices.
When a Fund and another of the Advisor's clients seek to purchase or
sell the same security at or about the same time, the Advisor may execute the
transaction on a combined ("blocked") basis. Blocked transactions can produce
better execution for the Funds because of the increased volume of the
transaction. If the entire blocked order is not filled, the Fund may not be able
to acquire as large a position in such security as it desires or it may have to
pay a higher price for the security. Similarly, the Fund may not be able to
obtain as large an execution of an order to sell or as high a price for any
particular portfolio security if the other client desires to sell the same
portfolio security at the same time. In the event that the entire blocked order
is not filled, the purchase or sale will normally be allocated on a pro rata
basis. The allocation may be adjusted by the Advisor, taking into account such
factors as the size of the individual orders and transaction costs, when the
Advisor believes an adjustment is reasonable. For the period August 4, 1997
(commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 and for the fiscal year
ended October 31, 1998, the Florida Street Bond Fund paid brokerage commissions
of $480 and $9,337, respectively. For the period August 6, 1997 (commencement of
operations) through October 31, 1997 and for the fiscal year ended October 31,
1998 the Florida Street Growth Fund paid brokerage commissions of $3,897 and
$8,780 respectively.
DETERMINATION OF SHARE PRICE
The price (net asset value) of the shares of each Fund is determined as
of 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on each day the Trust is open for business and on any
other day on which there is sufficient trading in each Fund's securities to
materially affect the net asset value. The Trust is open for business on every
day except Saturdays, Sundays and the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin
Luther King, Jr. Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence
Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving and Christmas. For a description of the methods
used to determine the net asset value (share price), see "Share Price
Calculation" in the Prospectus.
INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE
"Average annual total return," as defined by the Securities and
Exchange Commission, is computed by finding the average annual compounded rates
of return for the period indicated that would equate the initial amount invested
to the ending redeemable value, according to the following formula:
P(1+T)n=ERV
Where: P = a hypothetical $1,000 initial investment
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value at the end of the
applicable period of the hypothetical $1,000
investment made at the beginning of the
applicable period.
The computation assumes that all dividends and distributions are
reinvested at the net asset value on the reinvestment dates and that a complete
redemption occurs at the end of the applicable period.
A Fund's "yield" is determined in accordance with the method defined by
the Securities and Exchange Commission. A yield quotation is based on a 30 day
(or one month) period and is computed by dividing the net investment income per
share earned during the period by the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period, according to the following formula:
Yield = 2[(a-b/cd+1)6-1]
Where:
a = dividends and interest earned during the period
b = expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements)
c = the average daily number of shares outstanding during the period
that were entitled to receive dividends
d = the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period
Solely for the purpose of computing yield, dividend income recognized
by accruing 1/360 of the stated dividend rate of the security each day that the
Fund owns the security. Generally, interest earned (for the purpose of "a"
above) on debt obligations is computed by reference to the yield to maturity of
each obligation held based on the market value of the obligation (including
actual accrued interest) at the close of business on the last business day prior
to the start of the 30-day (or one month) period for which yield is being
calculated, or, with respect to obligations purchased during the month, the
purchase price (plus actual accrued interest). With respect to the treatment of
discount and premium on mortgage or other receivable-backed obligations which
are expected to be subject to monthly paydowns of principal and interest, gain
or loss attributable to actual monthly paydowns is accounted for as an increase
or decrease to interest income during the period and discount or premium on the
remaining security is not amortized. The Florida Street Bond Fund's yield for
the 30-day period ended October 30, 1998 was 11.22%.
Each Fund's investment performance will vary depending upon market
conditions, the composition of each Fund's Fund and operating expenses of each
Fund. These factors and possible differences in the methods and time periods
used in calculating non-standardized investment performance should be considered
when comparing a Fund's performance to those of other investment companies or
investment vehicles. The risks associated with each Fund's investment objective,
policies and techniques should also be considered. At any time in the future,
investment performance may be higher or lower than past performance, and there
can be no assurance that any performance will continue. For the period August 4,
1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 and for the fiscal
year ended October 31, 1998, the Florida Street Bond Fund's average annual total
return was 0.90%, annualized, and -1.20%, respectively. For the period August 6,
1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 and for the fiscal
year ended October 31, 1998, the Florida Street Growth Fund's average annual
total return was 1.90%, annualized, and -9.73%, respectively.
From time to time, in advertisements, sales literature and information
furnished to present or prospective shareholders, the performance of each Fund
may be compared to indices of broad groups of unmanaged securities considered to
be representative of or similar to the Fund holdings of the Fund or considered
to be representative of the market in general.
In addition, the performance of each Fund may be compared to other
groups of mutual funds tracked by any widely used independent research firm
which ranks mutual funds by overall performance, investment objectives and
assets, such as Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. or Morningstar, Inc. The
objectives, policies, limitations and expenses of other mutual funds in a group
may not be the same as those of the Fund. Performance rankings and ratings
reported periodically in national financial publications such as Barron's and
Fortune also may be used.
CUSTODIAN
Firstar, N.A., 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202, is Custodian
of each Funds investments. The Custodian acts as each Fund's depository,
safekeeps its Fund securities, collects all income and other payments with
respect thereto, disburses funds at a Fund's request and maintains records in
connection with its duties.
TRANSFER AGENT
American Data Services, Inc., Hauppauge Corporate Center, 150 Motor
Parkway, Hauppauge, NY 11788, acts as each Fund's transfer agent and, in such
capacity, maintains the records of each shareholder's account, answers
shareholders' inquiries concerning their accounts, processes purchases and
redemptions of each Fund's shares, acts as dividend and distribution disbursing
agent and performs other accounting and shareholder service functions. In
addition, American Data Services, Inc. provides each Fund with certain monthly
reports, record-keeping and other management-related services. For the period
August 4, 1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 and for the
fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, ADS received $1,600 and $18,736
respectively, from the Advisor (not the Fund) for these services provided to the
Florida Street Bond Fund. For the period August 6, 1997 (commencement of
operations) through October 31, 1997 and for the fiscal year ended October 31,
1998, ADS received $1,600 and $9,680, respectively, from the Advisor (not the
Fund) for these services provided to the Florida Street Growth Fund.
ACCOUNTANTS
The firm of McCurdy & Associates, CPA's, 27955 Clemens Road, Westlake,
Ohio 44145, has been selected as independent public accountants for the Trust
for the fiscal year ending October 31, 1999. McCurdy & Associates performs an
annual audit of each Fund's financial statements and provides financial, tax and
accounting consulting services as requested.
DISTRIBUTOR
AmeriPrime Financial Securities, Inc., 1793 Kingswood Drive, Suite 200,
Southlake, Texas 76092, is the exclusive agent for distribution of shares of
each Fund. The Distributor is obligated to sell the shares of each Fund on a
best efforts basis only against purchase orders for the shares. Shares of each
Fund are offered to the public on a continuous basis.
ADMINISTRATOR
The Funds retain AmeriPrime Financial Services, Inc., 1793 Kingswood
Drive, Suite 200, Southlake, TX 76092, (the"Administrator") to manage the Funds'
business affairs and provide the Funds with administrative services, including
all regulatory reporting and necessary office equipment, personnel and
facilities. For the period August 4, 1997 (commencement of operations) through
October 31, 1997 and for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, the
Administrator received $10,417 and $25,000, respectively, from the Advisor (not
the Funds) for these services provided to the Florida Street Bond Fund. For the
period August 6, 1997 (commencement of operations) through October 31, 1997 and
for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1998, the Administrator received $10,417
and $25,000, respectively, from the Advisor (not the Funds) for these services
provided to the Florida Street Growth Fund.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The financial statements and independent auditor's report required to
be included in the Statement of Additional Information are incorporated herein
by reference to the Trust's Annual Report Shareholders for the period ended
October 31, 1998. The Trust will provide the Annual Report without charge by
calling the Fund at 1-800-890-5344.
