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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-KSB
[ x ] Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997
OR
[ ] Transition Report pursuant to Section 13
or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 for the transition period from to
Commission File Number 0-100316
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ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of issuer as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 36-3898269
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(State or other jurisdiction of (IRS Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
1017 Main Campus Drive, Suite 3900, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
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(Address of principal executive offices) Zip Code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Exchange Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
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Units, each consisting of one
share of Common Stock
and one Redeemable Warrant Nasdaq SmallCap Market
Common Stock, $.001 par value Nasdaq SmallCap Market
Redeemable Warrants Nasdaq SmallCap Market
Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) has filed all reports required to
be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the issuer was required
to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days. Yes /X/ No / /
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-B is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of issuer's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-KSB or any amendment to
this Form 10-KSB. [ ]
The issuer's revenues for the year ended December 31, 1997 was $2,288
As of March 16, 1998 there were 3,064,571 outstanding shares of common stock,
par value $.001 per share.
The aggregate market value of the voting stock of the issuer held by
non-affiliates of the issuer on March 16, 1998 based on the closing sales price
of the stock as quoted by the Nasdaq SmallCap Market on such date was
$19,729,708.
Documents incorporated by reference: The issuer's definitive Proxy statement for
its 1998 annual meeting of stockholders is incorporated by reference in Part III
of this Form 10-KSB.
Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format: YES / / NO /X/
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In addition to historical information, this report contains predictions,
estimates and other forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks
and uncertainties that are described more fully in "Item 1 - Risk Factors".
While the outlook represents our current judgement on the future direction of
the business, these risks and uncertainties are only some of the factors that
may ultimately affect the success of Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Actual
results may differ materially from any future performance suggested in this
report.
Part I
Item 1- Business
Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Atlantic" or the "Company") is engaged in
the development of biomedical and pharmaceutical products and technologies. The
Company's strategy consists of: (i) identifying nascent products and
technologies in the medical and related fields that it believes have potential
commercial viability and address significant unmet market needs which, if
successful, have the potential to be market leaders; (ii) funding research and
development of such projects in exchange for licenses or other rights to
commercialization of such technologies; and (iii) attempting to commercialize
such products and technologies by either selling or sublicensing rights or by
entering into agreements with one or more pharmaceutical or biomedical companies
for clinical development, manufacturing and/or marketing of such technology.
The Company has rights to four technologies which it believes may be useful
in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious disease,
ophthalmic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, pain, inflammation and
dermatological conditions. The primary focus of the Company's activities for the
near future will be the development of these technologies. The Company
periodically may explore entering into strategic relationships, cross-licensing
arrangements or other business agreements with third parties that are consistent
with the development of the Company's technologies. Currently, all of the
Company's potential products and technologies are in preclinical stages of
development and no assurance can be given as to the successful development,
production or commercialization of any of the Company's technologies. The
Company may also explore the acquisition and subsequent development and
commercialization of additional biomedical and pharmaceutical products and
technologies.
Overview of the Corporate Structure
The Company was incorporated in 1993. Each of the Company's technologies
are held either by the Company or by one of its majority-owned subsidiary
operating companies that are managed by the Company: (1) Optex Ophthalmologics,
Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Optex"), (2) Gemini Technologies, Inc., a
Delaware corporation ("Gemini"), and (3) Channel Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware
corporation ("Channel") (collectively, the "Operating Companies"). By providing
a centralized management team to oversee the transition of products and
technologies from the preclinical development stage to commercialization, the
Company intends to minimize administrative costs, thereby maximizing capital
available for research and development. In addition, Atlantic intends to budget
and monitor funds and other resources among itself and the Operating Companies,
thereby providing the Company with the flexibility to allocate resources among
technologies based on the progress of the individual projects. (The term the
"Company" may refer to Atlantic and/or any of the Operating Companies as
indicated by the context.) The Company establishes a separate Scientific
Advisory Board for each technology or product as it deems appropriate. The
Scientific Advisory Boards are composed of eminent scientists who provide advice
and expertise to the Company on its research and development activities.
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Optex Ophthalmologics, Inc. and the Catarex -Registered Trademark- Technology
Background
One of the most common disorders of aging is the development of a cataract,
or a clouding of the normally crystalline lens inside the eye, resulting in
either increased glare, decreased vision or both. Cataracts progressively
degrade visual acuity, eventually requiring surgical extraction of the affected
lens to restore vision. Cataracts may exist at birth, may result from aging or
may be caused by injury or disease. Cataract surgery is currently the most
frequently performed therapeutic surgical procedure in the United States among
persons over 65 years of age. Medicare pays $3.4 billion a year for 1 million of
the 1.3 million cataract procedures performed annually in the United States.
Each year approximately 3.6 million-cataract surgeries are performed worldwide.
According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, between the ages of 52 and
64 the chances are 50% that a person will develop a cataract and by age 75
almost everyone will develop a cataract. The Company anticipates that, in light
of the demographics of an aging population, the number of cataract removal
procedures performed annually will increase for the near future.
Currently there are two principal technologies that are widely used for
cataract removal: extracapsular cataract extraction ("ECCE") and
phacoemulsification ("phaco"). Until relatively recently, the majority of
cataract procedures were done as ECCE, which is generally a simple and reliable
procedure that is applicable to all densities of cataracts. The ECCE procedure
requires direct surgical extraction of the entire lens nucleus in one step
through an approximately 11 millimeter ("mm") incision in the eye and an
approximately 6mm opening in the lens capsule contained inside the eye. The
residual cortical material (the softer material that surrounds the lens nucleus)
is then removed using a mechanical irrigation/aspiration device. Following
complete removal of the lens, an intraocular synthetic polymer lens is inserted
into the eye and placed in the remaining portion of the lens capsule. Although
an effective procedure, ECCE has a number of disadvantages, including
significant surgery time, post-operative recovery time and visual rehabilitation
time. Phaco is an ultrasound assisted fragmentation of the lens nucleus
performed through an approximately 3mm to 5mm surgical incision in the eye, and
a slightly smaller opening in the lens capsule than that used in ECCE. In the
phaco procedure the surgeon uses an ultrasound emitting handpiece to sculpt or
carve the lens nucleus. Phaco is less invasive and calls for smaller incisions
in the eye and lens capsule than ECCE, allowing for faster recovery and improved
post-operative outcome by reducing astigmatism induced by wound healing. Phaco,
however, also has disadvantages, including the need for substantial training and
skill for the surgeon in order to perform the procedure. In addition, the
ultrasound energy and stray fragments of the lens nucleus resulting from the
phaco procedure can damage the cells that line the inner layer of the cornea
resulting in degeneration of such layer.
The Catarex -Registered Trademark- and its Applications
The Company is developing the Catarex technology to overcome the
limitations and deficiencies of traditional ECCE and phaco cataract extraction
techniques. Catarex removes the lens nucleus and cortex in a single step through
a small incision in the eye while leaving the lens capsule functionally intact.
The Catarex device is inserted into the eye through an approximately 3mm
incision and advanced into the lens capsule through a 1.5mm incision. Once
positioned within the lens capsule, the device is activated and the lens nucleus
and cortex are removed through the action of fluid vortex forces drawing the
lens material to the device where it is mechanically emulsified and aspirated.
With currently available intraocular lenses the incision in the lens capsule
would then need to be slightly enlarged and a new synthetic lens would then be
placed in the capsule.
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The Company believes that Catarex will provide several advantages over
existing technologies that should facilitate acceptance by the ophthalmic
community. If successfully developed, Catarex will allow the entire cataract,
including the lens nucleus and cortex, to be removed simultaneously through
incisions in the eye and lens capsule that will be smaller than the incisions
required by either ECCE or phaco procedures. The Company anticipates that the
smaller incision in the eye will reduce operative and post-operative time and
trauma, thus hastening visual recovery. This shortened recovery time could prove
to be an advantage for patients and especially important in an era of managed
care and cost containment. In addition, the anterior lens capsule of the lens is
expected to remain functionally intact, thereby shielding the cells that line
the inner surface of the cornea from damage. The Catarex technology is expected
to be easier for surgeons to learn than phaco because the operating principles
of the device eliminate the need for skill-intensive sculpting, which is
required in the phaco procedure. It is anticipated that the Catarex handpiece
will simply be inserted into the lens capsule and the cataract will be removed
in a matter of minutes. Finally, studies to date have indicated that the Catarex
device can be used on cataracts of all degrees of hardness.
Research and Development Activities
The feasibility of Catarex has been demonstrated in ex vivo bovine, porcine
and human cataract preparations using a laboratory prototype of the device. In
ex vivo studies using porcine eyes the eye was left intact and the lens nucleus
and cortical material were removed through a 2mm to 3mm capsulorexis (puncture)
in the anterior lens capsule. This prototype device was also demonstrated to be
effective in removing the ocular lens in an in vivo study conducted in a porcine
model. The in vivo study demonstrated rapid and complete removal of the lens,
and a pathology study found this lens removal had no observed adverse effects on
the structure of the eye. Optex has completed work on a functional clinical
prototype of the Catarex device. This 1.25mm prototype has been tested ex vivo
in a porcine model and in a human cataract model developed by the scientific
founders of Optex. In this model, the human cataract lens and lens capsule are
removed intact and embedded in gelatin. The studies demonstrated the ability of
Catarex to remove cataract lenses of a wide range of hardness while maintaining
a functionally intact lens capsule. The Company expects to complete development
of the product in 1998 and, if successful, expects that a 510(k) application
will be filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the "FDA") as soon as
practicable after that. See "Risk Factors - Government Regulation; No Assurance
of Regulatory Approval."
Competitive Business Environment
There are several large companies that have significant franchises in the
phaco market. The Company is currently in discussions with several potential
strategic partners with expertise in the ophthalmic field with the intention of
entering into a business arrangement to facilitate the final product
development, regulatory filing with the FDA, manufacture and marketing of the
device. The Company is aware of several other devices under development for
cataract removal including those by companies with significantly greater
resources than the Company. At this time the Company does not anticipate that
these devices offer any advantages over those foreseen for the Catarex device.
Currently the Company does not have manufacturing facilities nor is it expecting
to manufacture the Catarex device in its own facilities. See "Risk Factors -
Rapid Technological Change; Competition."
Proprietary Rights
Pursuant to an assignment agreement with the inventor of Catarex and
certain other individuals and a corporation to which the inventor had previously
assigned rights, Optex owns two U.S. patents and corresponding foreign
applications covering Catarex and its method of use for cataract removal and a
U.S. patent application and corresponding foreign applications to a capsulorexis
device to be used in conjunction with Catarex. See "Risk Factors - Uncertainty
Regarding Patents and Proprietary Rights".
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Employees
Optex currently employs three full time employees and periodically hires
consultants based on its business needs at its leased facilities in San Juan
Capistrano, California. At this time there are no plans to hire additional
employees of the Company.
Atlantic Pharmaceuticals and the CT-3 Technology
Background
Agents for the treatment of pain and inflammation are among the most widely
prescribed pharmaceutical products. Currently available analgesic (anti-pain)
and anti-inflammatory drugs include narcotics, non-narcotic analgesics,
corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ("NSAIDs"). Although
highly effective as analgesics, the usefulness of narcotics is limited by their
addictive potential and other significant adverse effects. In contrast,
non-narcotic analgesics are safer but, due to their low potency, have limited
usefulness in cases of severe and/or chronic pain. Use of corticosteroids, which
are highly effective as anti-inflammatory agents, is limited by their
potentially significant side effects. NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen and
indomethacin, are generally safer than corticosteroids for long-term
administration, but they too can cause significant side effects when used
chronically.
Although a major focus of pharmaceutical research for many years has been
the development of safe, powerful anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs with
minimal adverse side effects, no such universally applicable safe drug has yet
been developed.
The CT-3 Technology and its Applications
The Company is the licensee of exclusive worldwide rights to three U.S.
patents and one U.S. patent application and corresponding foreign applications
covering a group of compounds, one of which is currently designated "CT-3". The
Company believes that this group of compounds may be potentially useful in the
treatment of inflammation and pain based upon the anti-inflammatory and
analgesic properties exhibited in early preclinical studies. The Company also
believes that this group of compounds has a reduced potential for side effects
based on these early studies.
The Company is developing CT-3, a synthetic derivative of a metabolite of
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Animal studies have shown that CT-3 lacks the
ulcerogenic side effects of NSAIDs. Animal studies using dosages significantly
higher than the anticipated therapeutic dose of CT-3 have indicated a lack of
central nervous system side effects, and the Company believes that CT-3 provides
anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects without the psychoactive effects of THC.
Several in vitro studies have indicated that CT-3 acts by inhibiting a number of
cytokines (mediators of inflammation) and the Company believes this mechanism of
action is potentially useful in the treatment of inflammation. In addition, CT-3
has been tested in an in vivo model of rheumatoid arthritis and showed
significant anti-inflammatory effects. The preliminary data on CT-3 makes it an
attractive candidate for development as an anti-inflammatory agent and an
analgesic agent that potentially lacks the major side effects of traditional
NSAIDs and narcotics. Initially, the Company plans to develop an oral
formulation of CT-3 as a treatment for the inflammation and pain associated with
arthritis. The Company believes that it is not yet known whether this compound
is more clinically efficacious than traditional NSAIDs.
Research and Development Activities
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The Company is developing CT-3 as the lead compound in the series of
patented compounds. CT-3 has been tested in a number of pre-clinical in vitro
and in vivo studies to profile its potential activity and to elucidate possible
mechanisms of action. Formal toxicology testing of CT-3 is planned to begin in
1998 with a planned IND filing early in 1999. In addition, preliminary studies
are anticipated on additional analogues of CT-3 to assess their potential in
pain and inflammation as well as to determine other additional indications. See
"Risk Factors - Government Regulation; No Assurance of Regulatory Approval".
Competitive Business Environment
The market for the treatment of pain and inflammation is large and highly
competitive. Several multinational pharmaceutical companies currently have
significant franchises in this market and many companies have active research
programs to identify and develop more potent and safer anti-inflammatory and
analgesic agents. One notable area of research is in the development of "COX 2
inhibitors" that are claimed to be safer to the stomach than available NSAIDs
(COX 2 inhibition is not considered a significant contributor to the mechanism
of action of CT-3; in vitro studies have shown only weak COX 2 inhibition). The
Company believes that the potential advantages of CT-3 merit its development and
it believes that if the development is successful CT-3 could become a
significant new agent in the treatment of pain and inflammation. See "Risk
Factors - Rapid Technological Change; Competition".
The Company is in the process of identifying one or more strategic partners
to assist in the clinical development, regulatory approval filing, manufacturing
and/or marketing of CT-3. No assurance can be given that the Company will be
able to secure such partner on terms favorable to the Company, if at all. The
Company currently has no plans to manufacture CT-3 in its own facilities. See
"Risk Factors - Dependence on License and Sponsored Research Agreements."
Proprietary Rights
The Company has an exclusive worldwide license to three U.S. patents, a
provisional U.S. patent application and corresponding foreign applications
covering a group of compounds, including CT-3, from Dr. Sumner Burstein, a
professor at the University of Massachusetts (the "License"). This License
extends until the expiration of the underlying patent rights. The primary U.S.
patent expires in 2012. The Company has the right under the License to
sublicense its rights thereunder. The License provides for the payment of
royalties by the Company to Dr. Burstein based on sales of products and
processes incorporating technology licensed under the License and a percentage
of any income derived from any sublicense of the licensed technology.
Furthermore, pursuant to the terms of the License, the Company must satisfy
certain other terms and conditions in order to retain license rights thereunder.
If the Company fails to comply with certain terms of the License, its license
rights under the License could be terminated. See "Risk Factors - Dependence on
License and Sponsored Research Agreements and Uncertainty Regarding Patents and
Proprietary Rights."
Employees
Atlantic currently employs five full time employees. Four of the employees
are officers of each of Atlantic and the Operating Companies.
Gemini Technologies, Inc. and the 2-5A Antisense Technology
Background
Proteins carry out physiological functions of humans and microorganisms.
For example, in infectious diseases, proteins of invading organisms mediate the
infectious process, and in many
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malignancies, it is the presence of a defective protein that causes a cell's
abnormal growth. The instructions to produce all of the proteins in the human
body are stored in the cell nuclei in the form of DNA. DNA contains the
information that is the blueprint for protein molecules. In order to produce a
protein, a cell must first copy the relevant information in the DNA into a
messenger ribonucleic acid ("mRNA") molecule (a process known as transcription).
Such information is conveyed by the precise sequence of the nucleotide chain
comprising the mRNA molecule. Once the information is transcribed into a mRNA
molecule, it is transported out of the cell's nucleus into the cytoplasm where,
by a process known as translation, the information encoded by the mRNA is used
to synthesize a protein. Viruses use either DNA or RNA as their genetic material
that can also be used as a potential target for antisense therapeutic agents.
One of the key properties of short nucleotide chains ("oligonucleotides")
is the ability of complementary sequences ("sense" and "antisense") to bind to
each other. This process is highly specific, with the specificity being
determined by the sequence of the oligonucleotides involved.
The use of antisense molecules as therapeutics is a relatively new and
experimental concept. Generally, antisense therapeutics use oligonucleotides
(the antisense) to alter the production of disease-causing proteins. They do so
by binding specifically to targeted strands of mRNA or viral genomic RNA (the
sense). In a disease condition, it is the information encoded by the mRNA that
is utilized to synthesize the disease-causing proteins. By utilizing the
sequence of the target mRNA, an antisense molecule (an "antisense
oligonucletoide") capable of binding to the target mRNA can be designed. The
effect of this binding is to block the ability of the mRNA to produce
disease-causing proteins. The antisense that is bound to the mRNA may directly
impair the translation of the mRNA into protein, or it may promote mRNA
degradation by attracting cellular enzymes known as ribonucleases (RNases) that
cleave mRNA. To date, no such therapeutics have been approved by the FDA but
several dozen antisense compounds are being utilized in human clinical trials by
other companies with some expected to be filed with the FDA for marketing
approval within the year.
The 2-5A Chimeric Antisense Technology and its Application
Gemini is developing a novel antisense technology that combines a type of
2'-5' oligoadenylate (2-5A) with standard antisense compounds to form a chimeric
molecule (the "2-5A Chimeric Antisense Technology"). Two of the key components
of the 2-5A system are 2-5A, a short oligoadenylate, and 2-5A dependent
ribonuclease L (RNaseL), an enzyme found in most human cells. RNaseL becomes
activated after interacting with a 2-5A molecule; RNaseL then rapidly and
selectively degrades mRNA.
The catalytic properties of the 2-5A Chimeric Antisense Technology increase
the rate at which a targeted mRNA molecule is degraded. The Company believes
that the specificity and the catalytic properties of the 2-5A Chimeric Antisense
Technology represent an improvement over existing antisense therapeutics under
development by other companies. In addition, the Company believes that its 2-5A
Chimeric Antisense Technology may be useful when combined with antisense
therapeutics under development by third parties.
Research and Development Activities
The Company is currently conducting research at its own laboratory
facilities and is also sponsoring research at several institutions including the
National Institutes of Health (the "NIH") and the Cleveland Clinic Foundation
(the "Cleveland Clinic"). The current research is focused on two main
objectives: (1) to continue basic research with the 2-5A Chimeric Antisense
Technology in order to improve the knowledge base of the technology and to
potentially increase its clinical utility and (2) to develop lead product
candidates. Research to date has been conducted primarily in in vitro systems
and has included studies of infectious diseases (respiratory syncytial virus
("RSV"), herpes, human immunodeficiency virus), certain cancers (chronic
myelogenous leukemia, glioblastoma), conditions modulated by 5-alpha reductase
(acne and androgenic alopecia) and aspects of the interferon pathway that are
mediated by PKR (a protein kinase enzyme). Based on the data collected so far
the Company has decided to focus its
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efforts on studies of RSV and telomerase, an enzyme believed to be critical in
some cancers. The Company is currently involved in research in both of these
areas using in vivo models of disease as proof-of-principle for the technology
with the aim of moving these candidates into formal preclinical toxicology
studies and subsequent clinical studies.
Competitive Business Environment
Several biotechnology companies focus primarily on antisense technology and
a number of multinational pharmaceutical companies have active research programs
and/or collaborations in the area of antisense technology. The Company believes
that these companies are potential partners with its technology rather than
competitors as data generated to date shows that the 2-5A Antisense Chimeric
Technology can potentially be used to enhance the efficacy of other antisense
oligonucleotides.
Antisense technology is still an experimental treatment and, to date, no
antisense products have yet been approved by the FDA or other regulatory
agencies for clinical use. See "Risk Factors Technological Uncertainty and Early
Stage Product Development and Rapid Technological Change; Competition."
Proprietary Rights
The Company has an exclusive worldwide sublicense from the Cleveland Clinic
(the "Cleveland License") to a U.S. patent and related patent applications as
well as corresponding foreign applications relating to 2-5A Chimeric Antisense
Technology and its use for selective degradation of targeted RNA. The rights
exclusively licensed by Gemini include rights obtained by the Cleveland Clinic
through an interinstitutional agreement (the "Interinstitutional Agreement")
with the NIH, the co-owner of the patent rights. The duration of the Cleveland
License extends until the expiration of the underlying patent rights. The
Cleveland License provides for payment of royalties by Gemini to the Cleveland
Clinic based on sales of products and processes incorporating technology
licensed under the Cleveland License. A percentage of any income derived from
any sublicense of the licensed technology will be paid to the Cleveland Clinic.
Pursuant to the terms of the Cleveland License, Gemini must satisfy other terms
and conditions in order to retain its license rights thereunder. A failure by
the Cleveland Clinic to discharge its obligations to the NIH under the
Interinstitutional Agreement, including an obligation by the Cleveland Clinic
and Gemini to take effective steps to achieve practical application of the
licensed technology, could cause the termination of the Cleveland License. See
"Risk Factors Dependence on License and Sponsored Research Agreements and
Uncertainty Regarding Patents and Proprietary Rights".
Employees
Gemini currently has four full-time employees working on research and
development of the 2-5A Antisense Chimeric Technology at its leased research
facility. The laboratory is located at 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
44106.
Channel Therapeutics and the Cyclodextrin Technology
Background
Growth factors are generally protein molecules that bind to cell surface
receptors, initiating a signal that can result in cell growth and
differentiation. Growth factors regulate a variety of physiological and
developmental processes, and their aberrant expression is associated with a
number of disease conditions. Restenosis and late vein graft failure are two
pathological conditions caused by the inappropriate expression of growth factors
which result in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Restenosis is
the renarrowing of the blocked arteries after opening by balloon angioplasty or
any other form of vascular surgery/intervention; late vein graft failure is
often caused by a narrowing of a grafted blood vessel following bypass surgery.
In both restenosis and late vain graft failure, growth factor-induced
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smooth muscle cell accumulation in the inner part of the vessel wall is thought
to play a major pathological role.
Restenosis occurs in approximately 20-40% of patients within six to twelve
months of undergoing coronary angioplasty. Vein graft wall thickening is a
universal response to bypass surgery and in some patients causes severe
narrowing of the affected vein or artery causing a late failure rate of
approximately 30%. There are no currently available FDA approved therapeutics
for the treatment of restenosis or late vain graft failure. Several companies
are currently marketing vascular stents, which are metal-based devices that are
designed to prevent restenosis through the mechanical support of the previously
blocked blood vessel. Although recent studies have demonstrated that stenting
has a superior early anti-restenosis effect compared with balloon angioplasty,
smooth muscle cell growth around the stents continues to result in late
restenosis.
The Cyclodextrin Technology and its Applications
Channel is the licensee under several patents and related patent
applications covering the use of polyanionic cyclodextrins and derivatives
thereof for the fields of use for the treatment and prevention of restenosis and
late vein graft failure from the University of Pennsylvania ("Penn"). Anionic
cyclodextrins have been shown to avidly bind growth factors in vitro.
The Company believes that the anionic sulfated derivatives of cyclodextrins
may have the capability of interacting with growth factor proteins and altering
their action on cellular proliferation. Channel is currently developing such
cyclodextrin derivatives and has data from in vivo studies demonstrating in
small animals they are absorbable through the gastrointestinal tract,
potentially making them orally active agents for the prevention of restenosis
and late vein graft failure following vascular procedures. In addition, the
Company anticipates that these derivatives will manifest very limited, if any,
potential for toxicity to the kidneys, due to their high water solubility.
If successfully developed, the Company believes that sulfated cyclodextrins
could potentially be useful oral, parenteral and/or topical agents for the
treatment of restenosis and late vain graft failure. Channel is also exploring
the feasibility of coating vascular stents with sulfated cyclodextrins.
Research and Development Activities
The Company sponsored studies in a number of in vivo models of restenosis
and late vain graft failure. Results from the rodent and rabbit models indicated
that the sulfated cyclodextrins have potential for the treatment of restenosis.
Based on these preliminary results the Company conducted more extensive studies
in large animal models that are believed to be more predictive of outcomes in
humans than small animal models. Results of the studies are not available at
this time and no conclusions can currently be drawn from any of the studies. The
Company intends to complete the analysis of the data in mid-1998. If the data
supports continued development of the sulfated cyclodextrins for the treatment
of restenosis and late vein graft failure the Company may actively seek a
corporate partner to assist in the development of the current lead compounds. In
addition, the Company expects that basic research will continue to look for
additional compounds in the class with potentially increased activity. See "Risk
Factors - Results of a Pivotal Study of the Cyclodextrin Technology Expected in
mid-1998."
Competitive Business Environment
A number of companies have active research and development programs,
employing a variety of therapeutic approaches, in the area of restenosis and
late vain graft failure, including some compounds in advanced clinical
development. Some of these companies have significantly greater resources than
the Company. In light of the number of potential competitors in the area the
Company is designing a program to assess the potential clinical utility of its
compounds as rapidly as possible and if the data from these studies merits
further development the Company plans to immediately seek a strategic partner(s)
for further development. See "Risk Factors - Rapid Technological Change;
Competition."
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Proprietary Rights
Channel has acquired a worldwide exclusive license (the "Penn License") to
several U.S. and corresponding foreign patents and patent applications that Penn
owns, is the sole and exclusive licensee of or is a non-exclusive licensee of.
The Penn License covers the use of sulfated cyclodextrins, and derivatives
thereof, and sulfated cyclodextrins combined with other therapeutic agents for
the treatment of restenosis and late vein graft failure. The Penn License
expires on a country by country basis at the time when the patent rights
underlying the Penn License expire. The issued patents expire between 2010 and
2012. The Penn License provides for a royalty payment to Penn based on sales of
the products and processes incorporating the licensed technology. Channel is
also to pay Penn a royalty based on sublicensing income. Channel must also
satisfy certain other terms and conditions specified in the Penn License
including, but not limited to, an obligation to use its best efforts to bring
any products developed under the Penn License to market. Failure to comply with
the terms of the Penn License may cause termination of the Penn License. See
"Risk Factors--Dependence on License and Sponsored Research Agreements and
Uncertainty Regarding Patents and Proprietary Rights."
Employees
Channel currently has no employees and does not intend to hire employees in
the near future. Research and development of the cyclodextrin technology is
being done under contracts and Sponsored Research Agreements with third parties.
Risk Factors
In addition to the historical information contained herein, the discussion
in this Annual Report contains certain forward-looking statements, within the
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange
Act, that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of the Company's
plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. The cautionary statements made
in this Annual Report should be read as being applicable to all related
forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Annual Report. The
Company's actual results could differ materially from those discussed herein.
Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those
discussed below as well as those cautionary statements and other factors set
forth elsewhere herein.
Development Stage Companies; History of Operating Losses; Accumulated Deficit;
Uncertainty of Future Profitability
The technologies and products under development by the Company are in the
research and development stage and no operating revenue (outside of grant
revenues) has been generated to date. The Company does not expect to generate
any revenues in the near future. As a result, the Company must be evaluated in
light of the problems, delays, uncertainties and complications encountered in
connection with recently established businesses. The Company has incurred
operating losses since its inception. As of December 31, 1997, the Company's
working capital and accumulated deficit were $8,152,179 and $13,590,056,
respectively. Operating losses have resulted principally from costs incurred in
identifying and acquiring the technologies under development, research and
development activities, patent prosecution and maintenance costs and general and
administrative costs. The Company expects to incur significant operating losses
over the next several years, primarily due to continuation and expansion of its
research and development programs, including preclinical studies and clinical
trials for its products and technologies under development, as well as costs
incurred in identifying and, possibly, acquiring, additional technologies. The
Company's ability to achieve profitability depends upon its ability to develop
pharmaceutical and medical device products, obtain regulatory approval for its
proposed products and/or enter into agreements either for the sale or sublicense
of its technologies or for product development, manufacturing and
commercialization. There can be no assurance that the Company will ever achieve
significant revenues or profitable operations from the sale of its proposed
products.
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Need for Additional Financing; Issuance of Securities by the Company and its
Subsidiaries; Future Dilution
The Company will require, and is constantly considering potential sources
for, substantial additional financing to continue its research, to complete its
product development and to manufacture and market any products that may be
developed. Based solely upon its currently existing consulting, license,
sponsored research, independent contractor and employment agreements, the
Company currently anticipates that it will spend all of its current cash
reserves by mid-1999. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company's
current cash reserves will not be expended prior to that time. The Company
anticipates that further funds may be raised at any time through additional
public or private debt or equity financings conducted either by the Company or
by one or more of its subsidiaries, or through collaborative ventures entered
into between the Company or one or more of its subsidiaries and one or more
corporate partners. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
obtain additional financing or that such financing, if available, can be
obtained on terms acceptable to the Company. If additional financing is not
otherwise available, the Company will be required to modify its business
development plans or reduce or cease certain or all of its operations. In such
event, holders of securities of the Company will, in all likelihood, lose their
entire investment.
Although the Company and each of its subsidiaries will seek to enter into
collaborative ventures with corporate partners to fund some or all of its
activities, as well as to manufacture or market the products which may be
successfully developed, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries
currently has any such arrangements with corporate partners, and there can be no
assurance that the Company or any of its subsidiaries will be able to enter into
such ventures on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, no assurance can be
given that the Company or any of its subsidiaries would be able to complete a
subsequent private placement or public offering of its securities. Failure by
the Company or any of its subsidiaries to enter into such collaborative ventures
or to receive additional funding either through a public offering or a private
placement to complete its proposed product development programs would have a
material adverse effect on the Company.
In the event that the Company obtains any additional funding, such
financings may have a dilutive effect on the holders of the Company's
securities. In addition, if one or more of the Company's subsidiaries raises
additional funds through the issuance and sale of its equity securities, the
interest of the Company and its stockholders in such subsidiary or subsidiaries,
as the case may be, could be diluted and there can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to maintain its majority interest in any or all of its
current subsidiaries. In addition, the interest of the Company and its
stockholders in each subsidiary will be diluted or subject to dilution to the
extent any such subsidiary issues shares or options to purchase shares of its
capital stock to employees, directors, consultants and others. In the event that
the Company's voting interest in any of its current subsidiaries falls below
50%, the Company may not be able to exercise an adequate degree of control over
the affairs and policies of such subsidiary as currently being exercised.
In addition, the Company has outstanding Redeemable Warrants (that are
currently exercisable) as well as options and warrants (that are currently
exercisable in part) to purchase 3,537,750 and 1,028,155 shares of its Common
Stock, respectively, at exercise prices ranging from $5.50 to $6.05, and $0.75
to $10.00, respectively, and the exercise price for most of such convertible
securities is below the per share price of the Common Stock as currently quoted
on the SmallCap tier of the Nasdaq Stock Market ("Nasdaq"). As of December 31,
1997, the Company also had outstanding 1,214,723 shares of its Series A
Preferred Stock and warrants to purchase 123,720 shares of Series A Preferred
Stock, all of which currently are convertible into shares of the Company's
Common Stock at a conversion rate of 2.12 shares of Common Stock for each share
of Series A Preferred Stock. The aforementioned conversion rate is subject to
adjustment in favor of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock upon the
occurrence of certain events. The exercise of such convertible securities or the
conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock, if any, may dilute the value of the
Common Stock. In addition, so long as such convertible securities remain
unexercised, the terms under which the Company could obtain additional capital
may be adversely affected.
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No Developed or Approved Products
To achieve profitable operations, the Company, alone or with others, must
successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, introduce and market its
products under development. The great majority of the preclinical and clinical
development work for the products under development of the Company remains to be
completed. The Company has not generated, nor is it expected to generate in the
near future, any operating revenues. In addition, the Company has no
manufacturing or marketing facilities nor any contracts with any commercial
manufacturing or marketing entities to manufacture for or market the Company's
products to consumers. No assurance can be given that any of its product
development efforts will be successfully completed, that required regulatory
approvals will be obtained, or that any such products, if developed and
introduced, will be successfully marketed or achieve market acceptance.
Technological Uncertainty and Early Stage of Product Development
The technologies and products which the Company intends to develop are in
the early stages of development, require significant further research,
development and testing and are subject to the risks of failure inherent in the
development of products based on innovative or novel technologies. These risks
include the possibility that any or all of the Company's proposed technologies
and products will be found to be ineffective or unsafe, will fail to meet
applicable regulatory standards or will fail to obtain required regulatory
approvals or that such technologies and products once developed, although
effective, are uneconomical to market, that third parties hold proprietary
rights that preclude the Company from marketing such technologies and products,
that third parties market superior or equivalent technologies and products or
that third parties have superior resources to market similar products or
technologies. Further, the Company's proposed technologies and products might
prove to have undesirable or unintended side effects that prevent or limit their
commercial use.
The Company's agreements with licensors do not contain any representations
by the licensors as to the safety or efficacy of the inventions or discoveries
covered thereby. The Company is unable to predict whether the research and
development activities it is funding will result in any commercially viable
products or applications. In addition, there can be no assurance that the
Company's research and development schedules will be met. Further, due to the
extended testing required before marketing clearance can be obtained from the
FDA or other similar agencies, the Company is not able to predict with any
certainty, when, if ever, the Company will be able to commercialize any of its
proposed technologies or products.
Results of a Pivotal Study of the Cyclodextrin Technology Expected in Mid-1998
The Company has performed several studies in small animal models of its
cyclodextrin technology and the results of this research have indicated that the
sulfated cyclodextrins may have potential as a treatment for restenosis and late
vein graft failure. The Company is currently conducting research in large animal
models of the cyclodextrin technology, and the results of the research in the
large animal models are believed to be more predictive of the effect of the
cyclodextrin technology in humans. In mid-1998, the Company expects to have the
results of the studies performed in large animal models of the cyclodextrin
technology. Depending on the results of these studies, the Company may elect,
among other alternatives, to relinquish its proprietary rights to the
cyclodextrin technology.
Government Regulation; No Assurance of Regulatory Approval
The Company's proposed products and technologies are in very early stages
of development. The research, preclinical development, clinical trials, product
manufacturing and marketing to be conducted by, or on behalf of, the Company is
subject to extensive regulation by the FDA, comparable agencies in state and
local jurisdictions and similar health authorities in foreign countries. FDA
approval of the Company's products, as well as the manufacturing processes and
facilities, if any used to produce such products will be required before such
products may be marketed in the United States. The processes of obtaining
approvals from the FDA are costly, time consuming and often subject to
unanticipated delays. There can be no assurance that approvals of the Company's
proposed products, processes or facilities will
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be granted on a timely basis, or at all. In addition, new government regulations
may be established that could delay or prevent regulatory approval of the
Company's products under development. Any future failure to obtain or delay in
obtaining any such approval will materially and adversely affect the ability of
the Company to market its proposed products and the business, financial
condition and results of operations of the Company.
The Company's proposed products and technologies may also be subject to
certain other federal, state and local government regulations, including, but
not limited to, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Environmental
Protection Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act and state, local and
foreign counterparts to certain of such acts. The Company intends to develop its
business to strategically address regulatory needs. However, the Company cannot
predict the extent of the adverse effect on its business or the financial and
other costs that might result from any government regulations arising out of
future legislative, administrative or judicial action.
Before a new medical device can be introduced in the market, the
manufacturer must generally obtain FDA clearance or approval through either
clearance of a 510(k) notification or approval of a Pre-Market Approval
Application. A 510(k) clearance will be granted if the submitted information
establishes that the proposed device is "substantially equivalent" to certain
categories of legally marketed medical devices. The FDA recently has been
requiring more rigorous demonstration of substantial equivalence than in the
past, including in some cases requiring submission of clinical data. The FDA may
determine that the proposed device is not substantially equivalent to a
predicate device or that additional information is needed before a substantial
equivalence determination can be made. It generally takes from 4 to 12 months
from submission to obtain 510(k) premarket clearance, but may take longer. A
"not substantially equivalent" determination, or a request for additional
information, could prevent or delay the market introduction of products that
fall into this category. For any devices that are cleared through the 510(k)
process, modifications or enhancements that could significantly affect safety or
effectiveness, or constitute a major change in the intended use of the device,
will require new 510(k) submissions.
The steps required before a drug may be approved by applicable government
agencies for marketing in the United States generally include (i) preclinical
laboratory and animal tests, (ii) the submission to the FDA of an
Investigational New Drug Application, (iii) adequate and well controlled human
clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of the drug, (iv)
submission to the FDA of a New Drug Application and (v) satisfactory completion
of an FDA inspection of the manufacturing facility or facilities at which the
drug is made to assess compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices. Lengthy and
detailed preclinical and clinical testing, validation of manufacturing and
quality control processes, and other costly and time-consuming procedures are
required. Satisfaction of these requirements typically takes several years and
the time needed to satisfy them may vary substantially, based on the type,
complexity and novelty of the pharmaceutical product. The effect of government
regulation may be to delay or to prevent marketing of potential products for a
considerable period of time and to impose costly procedures upon the Company's
activities. There can be no assurance that the FDA or any other regulatory
agency will grant approval for any products developed by the Company on a timely
basis, or at all. Success in preclinical or early stage clinical trials does not
assure success in later stage clinical trials. Data obtained from preclinical
and clinical activities are susceptible to varying interpretations that could
delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. If regulatory approval of a product
is granted, such approval may impose limitations on the indicated uses for which
a product may be marketed. Further, even if such regulatory approvals are
obtained, a marketed drug or device and its manufacturer are subject to
continued review, and later discovery of previously unknown problems may result
in restrictions on such product or manufacturer, including withdrawal of the
product from the market. Any delay or failure of the Company to obtain and
maintain regulatory approval of its proposed products, processes or facilities
would have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and
results of operations of the Company.
Dependence on License and Sponsored Research Agreements
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The Company depends on license agreements from third parties that form the
basis of its proprietary technology. In general, the Company also relies on
sponsored research agreements for its research and development efforts.
(However, all of the research and development for the Catarex device is
conducted at the laboratory facilities of the Company's subsidiary, Optex, and
some of the research and development concerning the 2-5A Chimeric Antisense
Technology is conducted at the laboratory facilities of the Company's
subsidiary, Gemini.) The license agreements that have been entered into by the
Company typically require the Company's use of due diligence in developing and
bringing products to market and the payment of certain milestone amounts that in
some instances may be substantial. With the exception of Optex, the Company is
also obligated to make royalty payments on the sales, if any, of products
resulting from such licensed technology. The Company is also responsible for the
costs of filing and prosecuting patent applications and maintaining issued
patents. Certain research and development activities of the Company are intended
to be conducted by universities or other institutions pursuant to sponsored
research agreements. The sponsored research agreements entered into and
contemplated to be entered into by the Company generally require periodic
payments on an annual, quarterly or monthly basis.
If the Company does not meet its financial, development or other
obligations under either its license agreements or its sponsored research
agreements in a timely manner, the Company could lose the rights to its
proprietary technology or the right to have the applicable university or
institution conduct its research and development efforts. If the rights of the
Company under its license or sponsored research agreements are terminated, such
termination could have a material adverse effect on the business and research
and development efforts of the Company.
Uncertainty Regarding Patents and Proprietary Rights
The success of the Company will depend in large part on its or its
licensors' ability to obtain patents, defend their patents, maintain trade
secrets and operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others,
both in the United States and in foreign countries. The patent position of firms
relying upon biotechnology is highly uncertain and involves complex legal and
factual questions. To date there has emerged no consistent policy regarding the
breadth of claims allowed in biotechnology patents or the degree of protection
afforded under such patents. The Company relies on certain United States patents
and pending United States and foreign patent applications relating to various
aspects of its products and technologies. With the exception of Optex, all of
these patents and patent applications are owned by third parties and are
licensed or sublicensed to the Company. The patent application and issuance
process can be expected to take several years and entail considerable expense to
the Company, as it is responsible for such costs under the terms of its license
agreements. There can be no assurance that patents will issue as a result of any
such pending applications or that the existing patents and any patents resulting
from such applications will be sufficiently broad to afford protection against
competitors with similar technology. In addition, there can be no assurance that
such patents will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or that the
rights granted thereunder will provide competitive advantages to the Company.
The commercial success of the Company will also depend upon avoiding
infringement of patents issued to competitors. A United States patent
application is maintained under conditions of confidentiality while the
application is pending, so the Company cannot evaluate any inventions being
claimed in pending patent applications filed by its competitors. Litigation may
be necessary to defend or enforce the Company's patent and license rights or to
determine the scope and validity of others' proprietary rights. Defense and
enforcement of patent claims can be expensive and time consuming, even in those
instances in which the outcome is favorable to the Company, and can result in
the diversion of substantial resources from the Company's other activities. An
adverse outcome could subject the Company to significant liabilities to third
parties, require the Company to obtain licenses from third parties, or require
the Company to alter its products or technologies, or cease altogether any
related research and development activities or product sales, any of which could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations
and financial condition.
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The Company has certain proprietary rights and in the future may require
additional licenses from other parties to develop, manufacture and market
commercially viable products effectively, and the Company's commercial success
could depend in part on obtaining and maintaining such licenses. There can be no
assurance that such licenses can be obtained or maintained on commercially
reasonable terms, if at all, that the patents underlying such licenses will be
valid and enforceable or that the proprietary nature of the patented technology
underlying such licenses will remain proprietary.
The Company relies substantially on certain technologies that are not
patentable or proprietary and are therefore available to its competitors. The
Company also relies on certain proprietary trade secrets and know-how that are
not patentable. Although the Company has taken steps to protect its unpatented
trade secrets and know-how, in part through the use of confidentiality
agreements with its employees, consultants and contractors, there can be no
assurance that these agreements will not be breached, that the Company would
have adequate remedies for any breach, or that the Company's trade secrets will
not otherwise become known or be independently developed or discovered by
competitors.
The success of the Company is also dependent upon the skills, knowledge and
experience of its scientific and technical personnel (both employees and
independent contractors). The management and scientific personnel of the Company
has been recruited primarily from other scientific companies, pharmaceutical
companies and academic institutions. In some cases, these individuals may be
continuing research in the same areas with which they were involved prior to
their employment by the Company. Although the Company has not received any
notice of any claims and knows of no basis for any claims, it could be subject
to allegations of violation of trade secrets and similar claims which could,
regardless of merit, be time consuming, expensive to defend, and have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Rapid Technological Change; Competition
The Company's business is characterized by intensive research efforts and
intense competition and is subject to rapid and substantial technological
change. Many companies, research institutes, hospitals and universities are
working to develop products and technologies in the Company's fields of
research. Most of these entities have substantially greater financial,
technical, research and development, manufacturing, marketing, distribution and
other resources than the Company. Certain of such entities have experience in
undertaking testing and clinical trials of new or improved products similar in
nature or that have a similar therapeutic effect to that which the Company is
developing. In addition, certain competitors have already begun testing of
similar products or technologies and may introduce such products or technologies
before the Company may do so. Accordingly, other entities may succeed in
developing products earlier than the Company or that are more effective, more
widely accepted or more economical than those proposed to be developed by the
Company. There can be no assurance that developments by others will not render
the Company's products or technologies noncompetitive or that the Company will
be able to keep pace with technological developments. Further, it is expected
that competition in the Company's fields will intensify. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully in the future.
Dependence on Others for Clinical Development of, Regulatory Approvals for and
Manufacture and Marketing of Pharmaceutical Products
The Company does not have the resources to directly manufacture, market or
sell any of the Company's proposed products and the Company has no current plans
to acquire such resources. The Company anticipates that it will, in the future,
enter into collaborative agreements with pharmaceutical and/or biotechnology
companies for the development of, clinical testing of, seeking of regulatory
approval for, manufacturing of, marketing of and commercialization of certain of
its proposed products. The Company may in the future grant to its collaborative
partners rights to license and commercialize any products developed under these
collaborative agreements, and such rights would limit the Company's flexibility
in considering alternatives for the commercialization of such products. Under
such agreements, the Company may rely on its respective collaborative partners
to conduct research efforts and clinical trials on, obtain regulatory approvals
for and manufacture, market and commercialize certain
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of its products. The Company expects that the amount and timing of resources
devoted to these activities generally will be controlled by each such individual
partner. The inability of the Company to acquire such third party development,
clinical testing, seeking of regulatory approval, manufacturing, distribution,
marketing and selling arrangements on commercially acceptable terms for the
Company's long-term needs for such anticipated products would have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to enter into any arrangements for the development,
clinical testing, seeking of regulatory approval, manufacturing, marketing and
selling of its products, or that, if such arrangements are entered into, such
future partners will be successful in commercializing products or that the
Company will derive any revenues from such arrangements.
Uncertainty of Product Pricing and Reimbursement; Health Care Reform and Related
Measures
The levels of revenues and profitability of pharmaceutical and/or
biotechnology products and companies may be affected by the continuing efforts
of governmental and third party payors to contain or reduce the costs of health
care through various means and the initiatives of third party payors with
respect to the availability of reimbursement. For example, in certain foreign
markets, pricing or profitability of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to
government control. In the United States there have been, and the Company
expects that there will continue to be, a number of federal and state proposals
to implement similar governmental control. Although the Company cannot predict
what legislative reforms may be proposed or adopted or what impact actions taken
by federal, state or private payors for health care goods and services in
response to any health care reform proposals or legislation may have on its
business, the existence and pendency of such proposals could have a material
adverse effect on the Company in general. In addition, the Company's ability to
commercialize potential pharmaceutical and/or biotechnology products may be
adversely affected to the extent that such proposals have a material adverse
effect on other companies that are prospective collaborators with respect to any
of the Company's product candidates.
In addition, in both the United States and elsewhere, sales of medical
products and services are dependent in part on the availability of reimbursement
to the consumer from third party payors, such as government and private
insurance plans. Third party payors are increasingly challenging the prices
charged for medical products and services. If the Company succeeds in bringing
one or more products to the market, there can be no assurance that these
products will be considered desirable or cost effective and that reimbursement
to the consumer will be available or will be sufficient to allow the Company to
sell its products on a competitive basis.
Dependence Upon Key Personnel and Consultants
The Company is highly dependent upon its officers and directors, as well as
its Scientific Advisory Board members, consultants and collaborating scientists.
Atlantic and its subsidiaries have an aggregate of only twelve full-time
employees, four of whom are officers of Atlantic and each of its subsidiaries,
and the loss of any of these individuals would have a material adverse effect on
the Company. Although Atlantic has entered into employment agreements with each
of its officers, such employment agreements do not contain provisions which
would prevent such employees from resigning their positions with Atlantic at any
time or from competing with the Company, directly or indirectly. The Company
does not maintain key-man life insurance policies on any of such key personnel.
Each of the Company's non-employee directors, advisors and consultants devotes
only a portion of his or her time to the Company's business. The loss of certain
of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
The Company may seek to hire additional personnel. Competition for
qualified employees among pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies is intense,
and the loss of any of such persons, or the inability to attract, retain and
motivate any additional highly skilled employees required for the expansion of
the Company's activities could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to retain its existing
personnel or to attract additional qualified employees.
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The Company's scientific advisors are employed on a full time basis by
employers unrelated to the Company and some have entered into one or more
additional consulting or other advisory arrangements with other entities which
may conflict or compete with their obligations to the Company. Inventions or
processes discovered by such persons, other than those for which the Company is
able to acquire licenses or those which were invented while performing
consulting services on behalf of the Company pursuant to a proprietary
information agreement, will not become the property of the Company, but will
likely remain the property of such persons or of such persons' full-time
employers. Failure to obtain needed patents, licenses or proprietary information
held by others could have a material adverse effect on the Company.
Certain Interlocking Relationships; Potential Conflicts of Interest
Lindsay A. Rosenwald, M.D., a principal stockholder of the Company, is the
President and sole stockholder of Paramount Capital, Incorporated ("Paramount"),
the placement agent for the Company's 1997 private placement of its Series A
Preferred Stock. Steven Kanzer, a Director of the Company, is the Senior
Managing Director, Head of Venture Capital of Paramount. Michael S. Weiss, the
Company's Secretary, is a Senior Managing Director of Paramount. In the regular
course of its business, Paramount identifies, evaluates and pursues investment
opportunities in biomedical and pharmaceutical products, technologies and
companies. Generally, Delaware corporate law requires that any transactions
between the Company and any of its affiliates be on terms that, when taken as a
whole, are substantially as favorable to the Company as those then reasonably
obtainable from a person who is not an affiliate in an arms-length transaction.
The Company is obligated to enter into an agreement with Paramount pursuant to
which Paramount will provide financial advisory services to the Company.
Nevertheless, neither Paramount, Dr. Rosenwald nor Messrs. Kanzer or Weiss are
obligated pursuant to any agreement or understanding with the Company to make
any additional products or technologies available to the Company, nor can there
be any assurance, and the Company does not expect and securityholders should not
expect, that any biomedical or pharmaceutical product or technology identified
by Paramount, Dr. Rosenwald or Messrs. Kanzer or Weiss in the future will be
made available to the Company. In addition, certain of the officers and
directors of the Company may from time to time serve as officers or directors of
other biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. There can be no assurance
that such other companies will not, in the future, have interests in conflict
with those of the Company.
Control by Existing Stockholders
Dr. Rosenwald and VentureTek, L.P. (a limited partnership controlled by
certain relatives of Dr. Rosenwald but of which Dr. Rosenwald disclaims
beneficial ownership) together beneficially own approximately 26% of the
outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company. Accordingly, such holders, if
acting together, may have the ability to exert significant influence over the
election of the Company's Board of Directors and other matters submitted to the
Company's stockholders for approval. The voting power of these holders may
discourage or prevent any proposed takeover of the Company.
No Assurance of Identification of Additional Projects
The Company is engaged in the development and commercialization of
biomedical and pharmaceutical products and technologies. From time to time, if
the Company's resources allow, the Company may explore the acquisition and
subsequent development and commercialization of additional biomedical and
pharmaceutical products and technologies. However, there can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to identify any additional products or
technologies and, even if suitable products or technologies are identified, the
Company may not have sufficient resources to pursue any such products or
technologies.
Potential Adverse Effect of Redemption of Redeemable Warrants
The Redeemable Warrants as described in the notes to the financial
statement are subject to redemption commencing December 14, 1996 by the Company
under certain conditions. Redemption of the Redeemable Warrants could encourage
holders to exercise the Redeemable Warrants and pay the
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exercise price at a time when it may be disadvantageous for the holders to do
so, to sell the Redeemable Warrants at the current market price when they might
otherwise wish to hold the Redeemable Warrants, or to accept the redemption
price, which may be substantially less than the market value of the Redeemable
Warrants at the time of redemption. The holders of the Redeemable Warrants will
automatically forfeit their rights to purchase the shares of Common Stock
issuable upon exercise of such Redeemable Warrants unless the Redeemable
Warrants are exercised before they are redeemed. The holders of Redeemable
Warrants do not possess any rights as stockholders of the Company unless and
until such Redeemable Warrants are exercised.
Possible Adverse Effect of Shares Eligible for Future Sale
Future sales by existing stockholders could adversely affect the prevailing
market price of the Company's Common Stock. The outstanding shares of the
Company's Common Stock are all freely tradable, subject to volume and other
restrictions imposed by Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933 as amended
(the "Securities Act") with respect to sales by affiliates of the Company. An
18-month restriction on transfer applicable to the shares of Common Stock now
owned or hereafter acquired by the Company's officers, directors and certain
stockholders expired on June 14, 1997. Sales of substantial amounts of Common
Stock may have an adverse effect on the market price of the Company's Common
Stock.
No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that sales of Units,
Redeemable Warrants and/or Common Stock or the availability of such securities
for sale will have on the market prices prevailing from time to time for the
Units, the Redeemable Warrants and/or the Common Stock. Nevertheless, the
possibility that substantial amounts of such securities may be sold in the
public market may adversely affect prevailing market prices for the Company's
equity securities and could impair the Company's ability to raise capital in the
future through the sale of equity securities.
Securities Law Restrictions on the Exercise of Redeemable Warrants
A holder of Redeemable Warrants has the right to exercise such Redeemable
Warrants for the purchase of shares of Common Stock only if the Company has
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a current prospectus meeting
the requirements of the Securities Act covering the issuance of such shares of
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Redeemable Warrants and only if the
issuance of such shares has been registered or qualified, or is deemed to be
exempt from registration or qualification under, the securities laws of the
state of residence of the holder of the Redeemable Warrant. The Company has
filed and has undertaken to keep effective and current a prospectus permitting
the purchase and sale of the Common Stock underlying the Redeemable Warrants,
but there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to keep suck
prospectus effective and current. Although the Company intends to seek to
qualify for sale the shares of Common Stock underlying the Redeemable Warrants
in those states in which the securities are to be offered, no assurance can be
given that such qualification will occur. The Redeemable Warrants may be
deprived of any value if a prospectus covering the shares of Common Stock
issuable upon the exercise thereof is not kept effective and current or if such
underlying shares are not, or cannot be, registered in the applicable states.
No Dividends
The Company has not paid any cash dividends on its Common Stock since its
formation and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable
future. Management anticipates that all earnings and other resources of the
Company, if any, will be retained by the Company for investment in its business.
Possible Delisting from Nasdaq and Market Illiquidity
Although the Common Stock, Redeemable Warrants and Units of the Company are
quoted on Nasdaq, continued inclusion of such securities on Nasdaq will require
that (i) the Company maintain at
18
<PAGE>
least $2,000,000 in net tangible assets, (ii) the minimum bid price for the
Common Stock be at least $1.00 per share, (iii) the public float consist of at
least 500,000 shares of Common Stock, valued in the aggregate at more than
$1,000,000, (iv) the Common Stock have at least two active market makers, (v)
the Common Stock be held by at least 300 holders and (vi) the Company adhere to
certain corporate governance requirements. If the Company is unable to satisfy
such maintenance requirements, the Company's securities may be delisted from
Nasdaq. In such event, trading, if any, in the securities would thereafter be
conducted in the over-the-counter market in the "pink sheets" or the National
Association of Securities Dealers' "Electronic Bulletin Board." Consequently,
the liquidity of the Company's securities could be materially impaired, not only
in the number of securities that can be bought and sold at a given price, but
also through delays in the timing of transactions and reduction in security
analysts' and the media's coverage of the Company, which could result in lower
prices for the Company's securities than might otherwise be attained and could
also result in a larger spread between the bid and asked prices for the
Company's securities.
In addition, if the securities are delisted from trading on Nasdaq and the
trading price of the Common Stock is less than $5.00 per share, trading in the
securities would also be subject to the requirements of Rule 15g-9 promulgated
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act").
Under such rule, broker/dealers who recommended such low-priced securities to
persons other than established customers and accredited investors must satisfy
special sales practice requirements, including a requirement that they make an
individualized written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive
the purchaser's written consent prior to the transaction. The Securities
Enforcement Remedies and Penny Stock Reform Act of 1990 also requires additional
disclosure in connection with any trades involving a stock defined as a penny
stock (generally, according to recent regulations adopted by the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission"), any equity security not traded on an
exchange or quoted on Nasdaq that has a market price of less than $5.00 per
share, subject to certain exceptions), including the delivery, prior to any
penny stock transaction, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock
market and the risks associated therewith. Such requirements could severely
limit the market liquidity of the Common Stock, Redeemable Warrants or Units of
the Company. There can be no assurance that such securities will not be delisted
or treated as penny stock.
Liquidity of Investment; Volume of Trading
The Company's securities are traded on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market, and the
Company's securities lack the liquidity of securities traded on the principal
trading markets. Accordingly, an investor may be unable to promptly liquidate an
investment in the Company's securities.
Possible Volatility of Stock Price
The securities markets have, from time to time, experienced significant
price and volume fluctuations that may be unrelated to the operating performance
of particular companies. These fluctuations often substantially affect the
market price of a company's common stock. In particular, the market prices for
securities of medical device companies and biotechnology companies have in the
past been, and can in the future be expected to be, especially volatile. The
market price of the Company's securities has in the past and in the future may
be subject to volatility in general and from quarter to quarter in particular
depending upon announcements regarding developments of the Company or its
competitors, or other external factors, as well as continued operating losses by
the Company and fluctuations in the Company's financial results. These factors
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations and may not be indicative of the prices that
may prevail in the public market.
Risk of Product Liability; No Insurance
19
<PAGE>
Should the Company develop and market any products, the marketing of such
products, through third-party arrangements or otherwise, may expose the Company
to product liability claims. The Company presently does not carry product
liability insurance. Upon clinical testing or commercialization of the Company's
proposed products, certain of the licensors require that the Company obtain
product liability insurance. There can be no assurance that the Company will be
able to obtain such insurance or, if obtained that such insurance can be
acquired in sufficient amounts to protect the Company against such liability or
at a reasonable cost. The Company is required to indemnify the Company's
licensors against any product liability claims incurred by them as a result of
the products developed by the Company. None of the Company's licensors has made,
and are not expected to make, any representations as to the safety or efficacy
of the inventions covered by the licenses or as to any products which may be
made or used under rights granted therein or thereunder.
Environmental Regulation
In connection with its research and development activities, the Company is
subject to federal, state and local laws, rules, regulations and policies
governing the use, generation, manufacture, storage, air emission, effluent
discharge, handling and disposal of certain materials and wastes. Although the
Company believes that it has complied with these laws and regulations in all
material respects and has not been required to take any action to correct any
noncompliance, there can be no assurance that the Company will not be required
to incur significant costs to comply with environmental and health and safety
regulations in the future.
Antitakeover Effects of Provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and
Delaware Law
Atlantic's Certificate of Incorporation authorizes the issuance of shares
of "blank check" Preferred Stock. The Board of Directors has the authority to
issue the Preferred Stock in one or more series and to fix the relative rights,
preferences and privileges and restrictions thereof, including dividend rights,
dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption,
redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting
any series or the designation of such series. The issuance of Preferred Stock
may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of
the Company without further action by the stockholders of the Company. The
issuance of Preferred Stock with voting and conversion rights may adversely
affect the voting power of the holders of the Common Stock, including the loss
of voting control to others.
The Company is subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law, which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a Delaware corporation from
engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a
period of three years following the date that such stockholder became an
interested stockholder. In general, Section 203 defines an interested
stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the
outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person affiliated
with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person. The foregoing
provisions could have the effect of discouraging others from making tender
offers for the Company's shares and, as a consequence, they also may inhibit
fluctuations in the market price of the Company's shares that could result from
actual or rumored takeover attempts. Such provisions also may have the effect of
preventing changes in the management of the Company.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation limits, to the maximum extent
permitted by Delaware law, the personal liability of directors for monetary
damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as a director. The Company's Bylaws
provide that the Company shall indemnify its officers and directors and may
indemnify its employees and other agents to the fullest extent permitted by law.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its officers and
directors containing provisions which are in some respects broader than the
specific indemnification provisions contained in Delaware law. The
indemnification agreements may require the Company, among other things, to
indemnify such officers and directors against certain liabilities that may arise
by reason of their status or service as directors or officers (other than
liabilities arising from willful misconduct of a culpable nature) and to advance
their
20
<PAGE>
expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they
could be indemnified. Section 145 of the Delaware law provides that a
corporation may indemnify a director, officer, employee or agent made or
threatened to be made a party to an action by reason of the fact that he was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation or was serving at the
request of the corporation against expenses actually and reasonably incurred in
connection with such action if he acted in good faith and in a manner he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no
reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. Delaware law does not
permit a corporation to eliminate a director's duty of care, and the provisions
of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation have no effect on the availability
of equitable remedies, such as injunction or rescission, for a director's breach
of the duty of care.
Year 2000 Compliance
Many currently installed computer systems and software products are coded
to accept only two digit entries in the date code field. Beginning in the year
2000, these date code fields will need to accept four digit entries to
distinguish 21st century dates from 20th century dates. As a result, in
approximately two years, computer systems and/or software used by many companies
may need to be upgraded to comply with such "Year 2000" requirements.
Significant uncertainty exists concerning the potential effects associated with
such compliance. Any year 2000 compliance problem of either the Company, its
suppliers, its service providers or its customers could result in a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and operating
results.
Employees
As of March 16, 1998, the Company and the Operating Companies had a total
of twelve employees, all of whom are full-time employees. In addition, as of
March 16, 1998, the Company and the Operating Companies in the aggregate
utilized 37 consultants, scientific advisors and directors, in its research and
development activities who devote only a portion of their time to the business
of the Company or an Operating Company. The Company's future depends in
significant part upon the continued service of its key scientific advisors,
consultants and technical and senior management personnel and its continuing
ability to attract and retain highly qualified individuals. Competition for such
individuals is intense and there can be no assurance that the Company can retain
its key personnel or that it can attract, assimilate or retain other highly
qualified individuals in the future. The Company's employees are not represented
by a labor union and are not the subject of a collective bargaining agreement.
The Company has not experienced any work stoppages and considers its relations
with its employees, consultants, scientific advisors and directors to be good.
See "Risk Factors -Dependence Upon Key Personnel and Consultants."
Item 2 - Description of Property
The Company's executive offices are located at 1017 Main Campus Drive,
Suite 3900, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606. The lease agreement for such offices
commenced on March 1, 1997 and is for a term of five years, renewable at the
Company's option and it calls for a monthly lease payment of $2,615, with the
monthly lease payment increased annually, in accordance with the Consumer Price
Index. Optex has two leases with a term of twelve months each for space at 27292
Calle Arroyo, San Juan Capistrano, California 92675. The Optex lease agreements
call for an aggregate monthly lease payment of $3,458. Gemini has a lease with a
term of three years for a space at 11000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
The Gemini lease agreement commenced October 1, 1997 and calls for monthly lease
payment of $1,852. Research and development work of Atlantic and Channel is
currently being conducted on a contract basis at universities and institutions.
The Company anticipates that in the future the Company and each Operating
Company may own or lease its own research facility. The Company believes that
its existing facilities are adequate to meet its current requirements. The
Company believes that its existing insurance coverage adequately covers the
Company's interest in its leased spaces. The Company does not own any real
property.
21
<PAGE>
Item 3- Legal Proceedings
The Company is not aware of any pending legal proceedings to which the
Company or any Operating Company is a party or to which any of their properties
is subject.
Item 4 - Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
During the Company's fourth fiscal quarter for the year ended December 31,
1997, no matter was submitted to a vote of the Company's security holders,
either by proxy solicitations or otherwise.
22
<PAGE>
Part II
Item 5- Market for Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
(a) Market Information
The Common Stock of the Company began trading on December 14, 1995 on the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market under the symbol ATLC.
The following table sets forth the high and low bid price, as well as the
closing sales price, each as quoted by Nasdaq, during each quarter within the
last two fiscal years.
Common Stock Price
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Period High Bid Low Bid Last Sales
-------- ------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1996
------- ----- ------
First Quarter ............... $10.125 $5.625 $9.00
------- ----- ------
Second Quarter .............. $9.00 $7.00 $7.625
------- ----- ------
Third Quarter ............... $9.125 $6.25 $8.875
------- ----- ------
Fourth Quarter .............. $9.125 $6.00 $6.125
------- ----- ------
1997
------- ----- ------
First Quarter ............... $7.25 $5.625 $5.625
------- ----- ------
Second Quarter .............. $7.125 $4.625 $7.00
------- ----- ------
Third Quarter ............... $8.125 $6.562 $8.00
------- ----- ------
Fourth Quarter .............. $10.375 $5.947 $6.75
------- ----- ------
</TABLE>
(b) Holders
The number of holders of record of the Company's Common Stock as of March
16, 1998 was 102.
The number of beneficial stockholders of the Company's Common Stock as of
March 16, 1998 was 1,064.
(c) Dividends
The Company has not paid or declared any dividends on its Common Stock and
the Company does not anticipate paying dividends on its Common Stock in the
foreseeable future
Item 6- Management's Discussion and Analysis, Plan of Operations
General
The Company was incorporated in Delaware on May 18, 1993 and commenced
operations on July 13, 1993. The Company is engaged in the development of
biomedical and pharmaceutical products and technologies. The Company has rights
to four technologies which it believes may be useful in the treatment of a
variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious disease, ophthalmic disorders,
pain, inflammation, cardiovascular disorders and dermatological conditions. The
Company's existing products and technologies under development are each held
either by the Company or by one of its three majority-owned subsidiary operating
companies (Optex Ophthalmologics, Channel Therapeutics and Gemini Technologies,
collectively, the "Operating Companies") which are managed by the Company. The
term "Company" may refer to Atlantic and/or The Operating Companies, as
indicated by the context. The
23
<PAGE>
Company has been unprofitable since inception and expects to incur substantial
additional operating losses over the next several years. The following
discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial
statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-KSB.
Results of Operations
From the commencement of operations through December 31, 1997, $99,932 of
grant revenue has been generated.
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 1997
were $2,838,331 as compared to $2,747,247 for the corresponding period in 1996,
and consisted primarily of expenses associated with corporate operations, legal,
finance and accounting, human resources and other general operating costs. The
Company anticipates that general and administrative expenses will increase
slightly during the year ended December 31, 1998 as compared to the
corresponding period in 1997.
Research and development expenditures consist primarily of the costs of
research and development personnel, payments made under the Company's license
agreements and sponsored research agreements with its licensors and scientific
collaborators and costs related to patent filings and maintenance. Research and
development expenses, inclusive of license fees, were $2,560,584 for the year
ended December 31, 1997, as compared to $1,069,793 for the corresponding period
in 1996. The Company anticipates that its research and development expenses will
increase during the next year as the Company continues to fund research programs
and preclinical testing for its products and technologies under development.
The Company's cumulative net loss since inception through December 31,
1997, was $13,590,056.
Liquidity, Capital Resources and Plan of Operations
The Company's available working capital and capital requirements will
depend upon numerous factors, including progress of the Company's research and
development programs; progress and cost of preclinical and clinical testing;
timing and cost of obtaining regulatory approvals; levels of resources that the
Company devotes to the development of manufacturing and marketing capabilities;
technological advances; status of competitors; and ability of the Company to
establish collaborative arrangements with other organizations.
The Company anticipates that its current resources will be sufficient to
finance the Company's currently anticipated needs for operating and capital
expenditures for at least sixteen months. In addition, the Company will attempt
to generate additional capital through a combination of collaborative
agreements, strategic alliances and equity and debt financing. However, no
assurance can be provided that additional capital will be obtained through these
sources or upon terms acceptable to the Company.
During the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997, the Company generated
additional capital to finance its operations from a private placement of its
Preferred Stock.
Pursuant to a private placement (the "Private Placement") of its Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Preferred Stock'),
the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,237,200 shares of Preferred Stock
to certain accredited investors in consideration of $12,372,000. The net
proceeds to the Company after deducting commissions and expenses of the private
placement were $10,613,184.
In connection with this Private Placement the Company issued to the
designees of the placement agent for the Private Placement warrants to purchase
an aggregate of 123,720 shares of the Company's Preferred Stock at $11.00 per
share, which warrants expire on August 7, 2008. In accordance with Statement of
Financial Accounting Standard No. 123, the Company determined the fair value of
the warrants using the Black-Sholes model and recognized issuance cost in the
amount of $570,143 which offset the proceeds and increased the Company's
stockholders' equity.
24
<PAGE>
In December 1997, Optex Ophthalmologics, Inc. ("Optex"), a majority-owned
subsidiary of the Company, was awarded $750,000 under phase two of a Small
Business Innovation Research Program grant from the National Eye Institute
division of the National Institutes of Health. This grant will be paid in
monthly increments of approximately $30,000 and will be used for salary and
consulting expenses incurred by Optex.
Until required for operations, the Company's policy is to keep its cash
reserves in bank deposits, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate
notes, U.S. government instruments and other investment-grade quality
instruments.
At December 31, 1997, the Company had $8,543,495 in cash and cash
equivalents and working capital of $8,152,179. The Company is also obligated,
and contingently obligated, to pay certain amounts under the Company's various
licensing agreements, employment agreements and consulting agreements. See Note
10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 7-Financial Statements
For a list of the financial statements filed as part of this report, see the
Index to Financial Statements at page F-1.
Item 8- Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure.
There were no changes or disagreements with the Company's auditors.
Part III
Item 9 - Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters and Control Persons;
Compliance With Section 16 (a) Of the Exchange Act.
The information required by this Item-9 with respect to the identification
of Directors, Executive Officers, Promoters and Control persons is hereby
incorporated by reference from the information under the captions, "Proposal
One- Election of Directors" and "Executive Compensation and Other Information"
in the Company's Proxy Statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be
held on May 13, 1998 (the "Proxy Statement").
The information required by Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is hereby
incorporated by reference from the information under the Caption, "Compliance
with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934" in the Proxy
Statement.
Item-10 Executive Compensation
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference
from the information under the caption, "Executive Compensation and Other
Information -- Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" in the Proxy
Statement.
Item 11- Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference
from the information under the caption, "Security Ownership of Management and
Certain Beneficial Owners" in the Proxy Statement.
25
<PAGE>
Item 12- Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference
from the information under the caption, "Executive Compensation and Other
Information -- Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" in the Proxy
Statement.
26
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(With Independent Auditors' Report Thereon)
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Index To Consolidated Financial Statements
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
----
<S> <C>
Independent Auditors' Report................................................................1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1997 and 1996................................2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1996, and 1995 and for the period from July 13, 1993
(inception) to December 31, 1997 ......................................................3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 and for the period from
July 13, 1993 (inception) to December 31, 1997.........................................4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 1997,
1996, and 1995 and for the period from
July 13, 1993 (inception) to December 31, 1997.........................................5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements..................................................6
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Atlantic
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and subsidiaries (a development stage company) as of
December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the related consolidated statements of
operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years
in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997 and for the period from July
13, 1993 (inception) to December 31, 1997. These consolidated financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Atlantic
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and subsidiaries (a development stage company) as of
December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the results of their operations and their cash
flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 1997,
and for the period from July 13, 1993 (inception) to December 31, 1997, in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
/s/KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
KPMG Peat Marwick LLP
February 25, 1998
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage company)
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 1997 and 1996
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Assets 1997 1996
------------ ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents ............................................ $ 8,543,495 2,269,532
Prepaid expenses ..................................................... 1,250 24,949
------------ ---------
Total current assets .................................. 8,544,745 2,294,481
------------ ---------
Property and equipment, net (note 3) ...................................... 250,961 82,761
------------ ---------
Total assets .......................................... $ 8,795,706 2,377,242
------------ ---------
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
Current liabilities:
Accrued expenses ..................................................... 392,566 281,792
------------ ---------
Total current liabilities ............................. 392,566 281,792
------------ ---------
Stockholders' equity (note 6):
Preferred stock, $.001 par value. Authorized 50,000,000
shares; 1,375,000 shares designated as Series A
convertible preferred stock ....................................... -- --
Series A convertible preferred stock, $.001 par value;
authorized 1,375,000 shares, 1,214,723 and
-0- shares issued and outstanding at December 31,
1997 and 1996, respectively ....................................... 1,215 --
Convertible preferred stock warrants, 123,720 and -0- shares
issued and outstanding at December 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively (note 8) ............................................ 570,143 --
Common stock, $.001 par value. Authorized 80,000,000
shares; 3,064,571 and 2,913,720 shares issued and
outstanding at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively ........... 3,065 2,914
Common stock subscribed. 182 shares at December 31, 1997
and 1996 .......................................................... -- --
Additional paid-in capital ........................................... 21,493,715 10,634,938
Deficit accumulated during development stage ......................... (13,590,056) (8,438,660)
Deferred compensation ................................................ (74,400) (103,200)
------------ ---------
8,403,682 2,095,992
Less common stock subscriptions receivable ........................... (218) (218)
Less treasury stock, at cost ......................................... (324) (324)
------------ ---------
Total stockholders' equity ............................ 8,403,140 2,095,450
------------ ---------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ............ $ 8,795,706 2,377,242
------------ ---------
------------ ---------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-2
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage company)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Cumulative
period from
July 13, 1993
Year ended (inception) to
December 31, December 31,
-----------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995 1997
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue:
Grant revenue ........................... $ 2,288 97,644 -- 99,932
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total revenue ..................... 2,288 97,644 -- 99,932
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Costs and expenses:
Research and development
(note 6) ............................. 2,560,584 1,059,793 455,699 4,246,919
License fees (note 11) .................. -- 10,000 62,500 173,500
General and administrative .............. 2,838,331 2,747,247 2,103,576 9,058,495
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total operating expenses .......... 5,398,915 3,817,040 2,621,775 13,478,914
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Other (income) expense:
Interest income ......................... (245,231) (161,704) (7,566) (414,501)
Interest expense ........................ -- -- 545,145 625,575
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Total other (income)
expense .................... (245,231) (161,704) 537,579 211,074
Net loss .......................... $(5,151,396) (3,557,692) (3,159,354) (13,590,056)
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Imputed convertible preferred stock
dividend (note 6) ....................... 3,703,304 -- -- 3,703,304
Net loss applicable to common shares ......... (8,854,700) (3,557,692) (3,159,354) (17,293,360)
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Net loss per common
share - basic$ .......................... (2.97) (1.29) (26.21) (13.17)
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
Shares used in calculation of net
loss per common share - basic ........... 2,979,664 2,758,241 120,554 1,312,827
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
----------- ---------- ---------- -----------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage company)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Convertible Convertible Preferred
Preferred Stock Stock Warrants
-----------------------------------------------
Shares Amount Shares Amount
------ ------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock subscribed at $.001 per
share,July-November 1993 (note 6) ........................ -- $ -- -- $ --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- --
--------- ------ ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1993 ............................... -- -- -- --
Issued common stock at $.001 per share, June 1994 (note 6) . -- -- -- --
Issued and subscribed common stock at $.05
per share, August 1994 (note 6) .......................... -- -- -- --
Payments of common stock subscriptions (note 6) ............ -- -- -- --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- --
--------- ------ ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1994 ............................... -- -- 3,550 4
Issuance of warrants, September 1995 (note 5) .............. -- -- -- --
Issued common stock and warrants at $4 per unit,
December 1995 (net of costs of issuance
of $1,454,300) (note 8) ................................. -- -- -- --
Conversion of demand notes payable and the related
accrued interest to common stock, December 1995 (note 4) . -- -- -- --
Payments of common stock subscriptions ..................... -- -- -- --
Repurchase of common stock ................................. -- -- -- --
Compensation related to grant of stock options (note 7) .... -- -- -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- -- -- --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- --
--------- ------ ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1995 ............................... -- -- -- --
Issuance of warrants, April 1996 (note 8) .................. -- -- -- --
Issued common stock and warrants at $6.73 per share,
August 1996 (net of costs of issuance of $76,438) (note 6) -- -- -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- -- -- --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- --
--------- ------ ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1996 ............................... -- -- -- --
Issued convertible preferred stock at $10 per unit,
May and August 1997 (net of costs of issuance
of $1,758,816) (note 6) .................................. 1,237,200 1,237 -- --
Channel merger (note 6) .................................... -- -- -- --
Conversion of preferred to common stock .................... (22,477) (22) -- --
Issuance of convertible preferred stock warrants (note 8) . -- -- 123,720 570,143
Issuance of warrants (note 8) .............................. -- -- -- --
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- -- -- --
Imputed convertible preferred stock dividend ............... -- -- -- --
Imputed convertible preferred stock dividend ............... -- -- -- --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- --
--------- ------ ------- --------
Balance at December 31, 1997 ............................... 1,214,723 $1,215 123,720 $570,143
--------- ------ ------- --------
--------- ------ ------- --------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Common stock
Common Stock subscribed Additional
-------------------- -------------------- paid-in
Shares Amount Shares Amount capital
------ ------ ------ ------ -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock subscribed at $.001 per
share,July-November 1993 (note 6) ........................ -- $ -- 5,231 $5 6,272
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------ --- ------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1993 ............................... -- -- 5,231 5 6,272
Issued common stock at $.001 per share, June 1994 (note 6) . 84 -- -- -- 101
Issued and subscribed common stock at $.05
per share, August 1994 (note 6) .......................... 860 1 12 -- 52,374
Payments of common stock subscriptions (note 6) ............ 2,606 3 (2,606) (3) --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------ --- ------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1994 ............................... 2,637 2 58,747 (1,721,614) --
Issuance of warrants, September 1995 (note 5) .............. -- -- -- -- 300,000
Issued common stock and warrants at $4 per unit,
December 1995 (net of costs of issuance
of $1,454,300) (note 8) ................................. 1,872,750 1,873 -- -- 6,034,827
Conversion of demand notes payable and the related
accrued interest to common stock, December 1995 (note 4) . 785,234 785 -- -- 2,441,519
Payments of common stock subscriptions ..................... 2,455 2 (2,455) (2) --
Repurchase of common stock ................................. (269) -- -- -- --
Compensation related to grant of stock options (note 7) .... -- -- -- -- 208,782
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- -- -- -- --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------ --- ------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1995 ............................... 2,663,720 2,664 182 -- 9,043,875
Issuance of warrants, April 1996 (note 8) .................. -- -- -- -- 139,000
Issued common stock and warrants at $6.73 per share,
August 1996 (net of costs of issuance of $76,438) (note 6) 250,000 250 -- -- 1,452,063
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- -- -- -- --
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------ --- ------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 ............................... 2,913,720 2,914 182 -- 10,634,938
Issued convertible preferred stock at $10 per unit,
May and August 1997 (net of costs of issuance
of $1,758,816) (note 6) .................................. -- -- -- -- 10,611,947
Channel merger (note 6) .................................... 103,200 103 -- -- 657,797
Conversion of preferred to common stock .................... 47,651 48 -- -- (26)
Issuance of convertible preferred stock warrants (note 8) . -- -- -- -- (570,143)
Issuance of warrants (note 8) .............................. -- -- -- -- 159,202
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- -- -- -- --
Imputed convertible preferred stock dividend ............... -- -- -- -- (3,703,304)
Imputed convertible preferred stock dividend ............... -- -- -- -- 3,703,304
Net loss ................................................... -- -- -- -- --
--------- ------ --- ------- ----------
Balance at December 31, 1997 ............................... 3,064,571 $3,065 182 $ -- 21,493,715
--------- ------ --- ------- ----------
--------- ------ --- ------- ----------
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Deficit
accumulated Common Total
during stock stockholders'
development Deferred subscriptions Treasury equity
stage compensation receivable stock (deficit)
----- ------------ ---------- ----- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock subscribed at $.001 per
share,July-November 1993 (note 6) ........................ -- -- (6,277) -- --
Net loss ................................................... (259,667) -- -- -- (259,667)
----------- ------- ---- ---- ---------
Balance at December 31, 1993 ............................... (259,667) -- (6,277) -- (259,667)
Issued common stock at $.001 per share, June 1994 (note 6) . -- -- -- -- 101
Issued and subscribed common stock at $.05
per share, August 1994 (note 6) .......................... -- -- (750) -- 51,625
Payments of common stock subscriptions (note 6) ............ -- -- 3,127 -- 3,127
Net loss ................................................... (1,461,947) -- -- -- (1,461,947)
----------- ------- ---- ---- ---------
Balance at December 31, 1994 ............................... (3,900) -- (1,666,761)
Issuance of warrants, September 1995 (note 5) .............. -- -- -- -- 300,000
Issued common stock and warrants at $4 per unit,
December 1995 (net of costs of issuance
of $1,454,300) (note 8) ................................. -- -- -- -- 6,036,700
Conversion of demand notes payable and the related
accrued interest to common stock, December 1995 (note 4) . -- -- -- -- 2,442,304
Payments of common stock subscriptions ..................... -- -- 3,682 -- 3,682
Repurchase of common stock ................................. -- -- -- (324) (324)
Compensation related to grant of stock options (note 7) .... -- (144,000) -- -- 64,782
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- 12,000 -- -- 12,000
Net loss ................................................... (3,159,354) -- -- -- (3,159,354)
----------- ------- ---- ---- ---------
Balance at December 31, 1995 ............................... (4,880,968) (132,000) (218) (324) 4,033,029
Issuance of warrants, April 1996 (note 8) .................. -- -- -- -- 139,000
Issued common stock and warrants at $6.73 per share,
August 1996 (net of costs of issuance of $76,438) (note 6) -- -- -- -- 1,452,313
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- 28,800 -- -- 28,800
Net loss ................................................... (3,557,692) -- -- -- (3,557,692)
----------- ------- ---- ---- ---------
Balance at December 31, 1996 ............................... (8,438,660) (103,200) (218) (324) 2,095,450
Issued convertible preferred stock at $10 per unit,
May and August 1997 (net of costs of issuance
of $1,758,816) (note 6) .................................. -- -- -- -- 10,613,184
Channel merger (note 6) .................................... -- -- -- -- 657,900
Conversion of preferred to common stock .................... -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of convertible preferred stock warrants (note 8) . -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of warrants (note 8) .............................. -- -- -- -- 159,202
Amortization of deferred compensation (note 7) ............. -- 28,800 -- -- 28,800
Imputed convertible preferred stock dividend ............... -- -- -- -- --
Imputed convertible preferred stock dividend ............... -- -- -- -- --
Net loss ................................................... (5,151,396) -- -- -- (5,151,396)
----------- ------- ---- ---- ---------
Balance at December 31, 1997 ............................... (13,590,056) (74,400) (218) (324) 8,403,140
----------- ------- ---- ---- ---------
----------- ------- ---- ---- ---------
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
F-4
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(a development stage company)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Cumulative from
July 13, 1993
Year ended (inception) to
December 31, December 31,
--------------------------------------------
1997 1996 1995 1997
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss ...................................................... $ (5,151,396) (3,557,692) (3,159,354) (13,590,056)
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to
net cash used in operating activities:
Expense relating to issuance
of warrants ............................................. 159,202 139,000 -- 298,202
Expense related to Channel merger ......................... 657,900 -- -- 657,900
Compensation expense relating to
stock options ........................................... 28,800 28,800 76,782 134,382
Discount on notes payable - bridge financing .............. -- -- 300,000 300,000
Depreciation .............................................. 74,953 48,405 17,379 150,086
Changes in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses ................. 23,699 23,051 (48,000) (1,250)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses ................. 110,774 (518,591) 349,866 392,566
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest ................. -- (115,011) 328,585 172,305
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Net cash used in operating activities ................. (4,096,068) (3,952,038) (2,134,742) (11,485,865)
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Cash used in investing activities:
Acquisition of furniture and equipment ........................ (243,153) (75,375) (56,568) (401,048)
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of demand notes payable ................ -- -- 1,010,000 2,395,000
Repayment of demand notes payable ............................. -- (125,000) -- (125,000)
Proceeds from the issuance of notes payable
- bridge financing .......................................... -- -- 1,200,000 1,200,000
Proceeds from issuance of warrants ............................... -- -- 300,000 300,000
Repayment of notes payable - bridge financing ................. -- (75,000) (1,425,000) (1,500,000)
Repurchase of common stock .................................... -- -- (324) (324)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock .................... -- 1,452,313 6,040,382 7,547,548
Proceeds from issuance of convertible preferred stock ......... 10,613,184 -- -- 10,613,184
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Net cash provided by financing activities ............. 10,613,184 1,252,313 7,125,058 20,430,408
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents ................................... 6,273,963 (2,775,100) 4,933,748 8,543,495
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period ................. 2,269,532 5,044,632 110,884 --
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period ....................... $ 8,543,495 2,269,532 5,044,632 8,543,495
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
------------ ---------- ---------- -----------
Supplemental disclosure of noncash financing activities:
Issuance of common stock in exchange for common stock
subscriptions ............................................... $ -- -- -- 7,027
Conversion of demand notes payable and the related
accrued interest to common stock ............................ $ -- -- 2,442,304 2,442,304
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(1) Organization and Basis of Presentation
(a) Organization
Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated on May
18, 1993, began operations on July 13, 1993, and is the majority owner
of two operating companies - Gemini Technologies, Inc. (Gemini), Optex
Opthalmologics, Inc. (Optex), and has one wholly-owned subsidiary -
Channel Therapeutics, Inc. (Channel) (collectively, the Operating
Companies).
Gemini (an 85%-owned subsidiary) was incorporated on May 18, 1993 to
exploit a new proprietary technology which combines 2'-5'
oligoadenylate (2-5A), with standard antisense compounds to alter the
production of disease-causing proteins. Optex (an 82%-owned subsidiary)
was incorporated on October 19, 1993 to develop its principal product,
a novel cataract removal device. Channel was incorporated on May 18,
1993 to develop pharmaceutical products in the fields of cardiovascular
disease, pain and inflammatory disorders. Prior to 1997, Channel was an
88%-owned subsidiary. The Company purchased the remaining 12% of
Channel in 1997 for $657,900 through the issuance of common stock. See
note 6 for further discussion.
The Company and each of its operating companies are in the development
stage, devoting substantially all efforts to obtaining financing and
performing research and development activities.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the
Company and its subsidiaries. Significant intercompany accounts and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
(b) Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
7, "Accounting and Reporting by Development Stage Enterprises," which
requires development stage enterprises to employ the same accounting
principles as operating companies.
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original
maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents.
F-6
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued
(b) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is calculated
using accelerated methods over their useful lives, generally five
years.
(c) Minority Interest
The Company has recorded 100% of the losses of the Operating Companies,
in its consolidated statements of operations as the minority
shareholders are not required to and have not funded their pro rata
share of losses. Minority interest losses recorded by the Company since
inception total $778,570 as of December 31, 1997 and will only be
recovered if and when the Operating Companies generate income to the
extent of those losses recorded by the Company.
(d) Research and Development
All research and development costs are expensed as incurred and include
costs of consultants who conduct research and development on behalf of
the Company and the Operating Companies. Costs related to the
acquisition of technology rights and patents, for which development
work is still in process, are expensed as incurred and considered a
component of research and development costs.
(e) Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities, and their
respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax
rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those
temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The
effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates
is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
F-7
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Continued
(f) Computation of Net Loss per Common Share
For the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company adopted SFAS No. 128,
"Earnings Per Share" ("SFAS No. 128"). In accordance with this
statement, primary net loss per common share is replaced with basic
loss per common share which is calculated by dividing net loss by the
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period.
Fully diluted net income per common share is replaced with diluted net
income per common share reflecting the maximum dilutive effect of
common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options, stock warrants,
stock subscriptions, and conversion of preferred stock. Diluted net
loss per common share is not shown, as common equivalent shares from
stock options, stock warrants, stock subscriptions, and convertible
preferred stock would have an antidilutive effect. Prior period per
share data has been restated to reflect the adoption of SFAS No. 128.
(g) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
(h) Stock-Based Compensation
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation," encourages, but does not require companies
to record compensation cost for stock-based employee compensation plans
at fair value. The Company has chosen to continue to account for
stock-based compensation using the method prescribed in Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees," and related Interpretations. Accordingly, compensation cost
for stock options is measured as the excess, if any, of the quoted
market price of the Company's stock at the date of the grant over the
amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock.
F-8
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(3) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consists of the following at December 31:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
-------- -------
<S> <C> <C>
Furniture and equipment ...................... $352,259 157,894
Leasehold improvements ....................... 48,788 --
-------- -------
401,047 157,894
Less accumulated depreciation ................ (150,086) (75,133)
-------- -------
Net property and equipment ............. $250,961 82,761
-------- -------
-------- -------
</TABLE>
(4) Demand Notes Payable to Related Parties
Demand notes payable at December 31, 1994 consisted of advances from
one of the founders of the Company who served as a director and is the
controlling shareholder of the Company (Controlling Shareholder)
totaling $485,000, advances from a partnership including certain family
members of the Controlling Shareholder (the Partnership) totaling
$400,000, and advances under a line of credit agreement with the
Controlling Shareholder totaling $500,000. All unpaid principal and
accrued interest through June 30, 1995, including a note payable of
$1,010,000 issued in 1995, was converted into 785,234 shares of common
stock of the Company upon the consummation of the initial public
offering (IPO).
Demand notes payable at December 31, 1995 totaling $125,000 consisted
of a loan provided to the Company by the Partnership in July 1995. This
loan had an interest rate of 10% annually. Terms of the loan required
the Company to repay the principal amount of such loan, together with
the interest accrued thereon, with a portion of the proceeds received
by the Company in the IPO. This loan and the related accrued interest
was fully repaid in January 1996.
(5) Notes Payable - Bridge Financing
On September 12, 1995 the Company closed the sale of thirty units with
each unit consisting of an unsecured 10% promissory note of the Company
in the principal amount of $50,000 and 50,000 warrants, each
exercisable to purchase one share of common stock of the Company at an
initial exercise price of $1.50 per share. The total proceeds received
of $1,500,000 were allocated to the notes payable and warrants based on
the estimated fair value as determined by the Board of Directors of the
Company of $1,200,000 and $300,000, respectively. The warrants were
reflected as additional paid-in capital.
F-9
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(5) Notes Payable - Bridge Financing, Continued
Proceeds from the IPO were used to pay these notes payable with $75,000
remaining unpaid at December 31, 1995. This remaining obligation was
paid in January 1996.
(6) Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
In 1993, the Company received common stock subscriptions for 5,231
shares of common stock from various individuals, including the
Controlling Shareholder and the Partnership, in exchange for common
stock subscriptions receivable of $6,277. In December 1994, the Company
issued 2,606 shares of common stock upon receipt of payment of $3,127
representing a portion of these common stock subscriptions receivable.
In June 1994, the Company received common stock subscriptions for 84
shares of common stock from various individuals including directors and
employees. Payment of the related common stock subscriptions receivable
in the amount of $101 was received in December 1994 which resulted in
the issuance of 84 shares of common stock.
In August 1994, the Company received common stock subscriptions for 872
shares of common stock from certain investors. Payment of the related
common stock subscriptions receivable in the amount of $33,000 and
$18,625 was received in August 1994 and December 1994, respectively,
which resulted in the issuance of 860 shares of common stock.
In March 1995, June 1995, and August 1995, the Company repurchased 62,
20, and 187 shares of common stock, respectively, for an aggregate
total of $324.
In March 1995, May 1995, and June 1995, the Company issued 2,170, 125,
and 160 shares, respectively, of common stock upon receipt of payment
of $3,682 representing subscriptions receivable.
In December 1995, the Company issued 1,872,750 shares of common stock
through a public offering, resulting in net proceeds, after deducting
applicable expenses, of $6,036,700. Concurrent with this offering
785,234 shares of common stock were issued upon the conversion of
certain demand notes payable and accrued interest totaling $2,442,304
(see note 4).
F-10
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(6) Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), Continued
In August 1996, the Company sold in a private placement 250,000 shares
of common stock to certain investors resulting in net proceeds of
$1,452,313. In connection with this private placement, the Company paid
Paramount Capital, Incorporated ("Paramount") a finders fee of $76,438
and issued an employer of Paramount a warrant to purchase 12,500 shares
of the Company's common stock at $6.73 per share, which expires August
16, 2001. Paramount is owned by a majority shareholder of the Company.
Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and among the
Company, Channel, and New Channel, Inc., a Delaware corporation, dated
February 20, 1997, all of the stockholders of Channel (except for the
Company) agreed to receive an aggregate of 103,200 shares of common
stock of the Company in exchange for their shares of common stock, par
values $0.001 per share, of Channel. On February 20, 1997, Channel
became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Subsequent to this
transaction, Channel issued a dividend to the Company consisting of all
of Channel's rights to the CT-3 technology, which is in the field of
pain and inflammation. On May 16, 1997, the Company issued 103,200
shares of common stock of the Company to stockholders of Channel. In
connection with issuance of these shares, the Company recognized an
expense in the amount of $657,900. This expense is included in research
and development expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of
operations.
In May and August, 1997, the Company sold in a private placement
1,237,200 shares of Series A convertible preferred stock to certain
investors resulting in net proceeds of $10,613,184. Holders of Series A
convertible preferred stock will be entitled to receive dividends, as,
when, and if declared by the Board of Directors. Each share is
convertible into a share of common stock initially at a conversion
price of $4.72.
In connection with the issuance of the convertible preferred stock, the
Company recognized $3,703,304 in 1997 as an imputed preferred stock
dividend to record the difference between the conversion price of the
preferred stock and the market price of the common stock on the
effective date of the private placement. These imputed dividends were
non-cash charges.
(7) Stock Options
(a) In August 1995, in connection with a severance agreement
entered into between the Company and the former CEO, the
Company granted options (not pursuant to the 1995 Stock Option
Plan) to purchase 23,557 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $1.00 per share with immediate vesting. Total
compensation expense recorded at the date of grant with
regards to those options was $64,782 with the offset recorded
as additional paid-in capital.
F-11
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(7) Stock Options, Continued
(b) Stock Option Plan
In July 1995 the Company established the 1995 Stock Option
Plan (the "Plan"), which provides for the granting of up to
650,000 options to purchase stock to officers, directors,
employees and consultants. In July 1996, the Plan was amended
to increase the total number of shares authorized for issuance
by 300,000 shares to a total of 950,000 shares and beginning
with the 1997 calendar year, by an amount equal to one percent
(1%) of the shares of common stock outstanding on December 31
of the immediately preceding calendar year. At December 31,
1997, 979,137 shares were authorized for issuance. The options
have a maximum term of 10 years and vest over a period
determined by the Company's Board of Directors (generally 4
years). No options have been exercised as of December 31,
1997.
The Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 in accounting for its
plan. Accordingly, compensation cost has been recognized for
its stock options only to the extent that the quoted market
price of the Company's stock at the date of grant exceeded the
exercise price of the option.
During 1995, the Company granted options to purchase 246,598 shares of
the Company's common stock at exercise prices below the quoted market
prices of its common stock. Deferred compensation expense in the amount
of $144,000 was recorded at the date of grant with the offset recorded
as an increase to additional paid in capital. Compensation expense in
the amount of $28,800, $28,800 and $12,000 was recognized in 1997, 1996
and 1995, respectively. Had compensation costs been determined in
accordance with the fair value method prescribed by FASB Statement No.
123, the Company's net loss and net loss per share would have been
increased to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996 1995
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net loss
applicable to As Reported ...... $8,854,700 3,557,692 3,159,354
common shares Pro forma ........ $9,537,916 4,119,990 3,216,690
Net loss per
common share- As Reported ....... $2.97 1.29 26.21
basic Pro forma ......... $3.20 1.49 26.68
</TABLE>
F-12
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(7) Stock Options, Continued
The fair value of each option granted is estimated on the date of the
grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following
assumptions used for the grants in 1997, 1996 and 1995; dividend yield
of 0%; expected volatility of 46% for 1997 and 75% for 1996 and 1995;
risk-free interest rate of 5.0% for 1997, 5.6% - 6.7% for 1996 and 5.6%
- 6.3% for 1995; and expected lives of 6 to 9 years for each year.
A summary of the status of the Company's stock plan as of December
1997, 1996 and 1995 and changes during the years then ended is
presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
1997 Exercise 1996 Exercise 1995 Exercise
Shares Price Shares Price Shares Price
------ ------- -------- ------ ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
At the beginning of the year .. 560,598 $ 4.57 246,598 $ 2.90 - $ --
Granted ....................... 155,000 7.29 314,000 5.88 246,598 2.90
Exercised ..................... -- -- -- -- -- --
Canceled ...................... -- -- -- -- -- --
------- ---- ------- ---- ------- ----
At the end of year ............ 715,598 5.16 560,598 4.57 246,598 2.90
------- ------- ------- ----
------- ------- ------- ----
Options exercisable at year-end 375,461 150,650 61,650
Weighted-average fair value of
options granted during the
year ....................... $ 3.74 $ 4.06 $ 3.77
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes the information about stock options
outstanding at December 31, 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Options Outstanding Number of
Number Remaining options
Exercise price outstanding contractual life exercisable
-------------- ----------- ---------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
3.75 110,000 4.6 years 66,550
.75 70,000 4.6 years 42,350
3.75 66,598 4.7 years 37,961
5.81 300,000 5 years 147,000
6.625 115,000 6 years 27,600
7.00 6,000 9.5 years 6,000
7.25 10,000 8 years 10,000
7.50 4,000 8 years 4,000
9.5 24,000 4.9 years 24,000
9.875 10,000 9.8 years 10,000
-------- --------
Total 715,598 375,461
-------- --------
-------- --------
</TABLE>
F-13
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(8) Stock Warrants
In connection with notes payable - bridge financing, the Company issued
warrants to purchase 1,500,000 shares of common stock at an initial
exercise price of $1.50 per share; subject to an upward adjustment upon
consummation of the IPO. Simultaneously with the consummation of the
IPO, these warrants were converted into redeemable warrants at an
exercise price of $5.50 per share on a one-for-one basis (see note 5).
These redeemable warrants expire on December 13, 2000.
In December 1995, in connection with the IPO, the Company issued
redeemable warrants to purchase 1,872,750 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $5.50 per share. These redeemable warrants expire on
December 13, 2000. Commencing December 14, 1996, these redeemable
warrants are subject to redemption by the Company at its option, at a
redemption price of $.05 per warrant provided that the average closing
bid price of the common stock equals or exceeds $8.25 per share for a
specified period of time, and the Company has obtained the required
approvals from the Underwriter's of the Company's IPO.
In connection with the IPO, the Company granted to Joseph Stevens &
Co., L.P. (the "Underwriter") to purchase from the Company 165,000
units, each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one
redeemable warrant at an initial exercise price of $6.60 per unit. Such
warrants are exercisable during the four-year period commencing
December 13, 1996. The redeemable warrants issuable upon exercise of
these warrants have an exercise price of $6.05 per share. As long as
the warrants remain unexercised, the terms under which the Company
could obtain additional capital may be adversely affected.
The Company entered into an agreement with Paramount effective April
15, 1996 pursuant to which Paramount will, on a non-exclusive basis,
render financial advisory services to the Company. Two warrants
exercisable for shares of the Company's common stock were issued to
Paramount in connection with this agreement. These included a warrant
to purchase 25,000 shares of the Company's common stock at $10 per
share, which warrant expires on April 16, 2001 and a warrant to
purchase 25,000 shares of the Company's common stock at $8.05 per
share, which warrant expires on June 16, 2001. In connection with the
issuance of these warrants, the Company recognized an expense in the
amount of $139,000 for the fair market value of the warrants, in
accordance with FAS 123. This expense is included in general and
administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations
for the year ending December 31, 1996.
In connection with the Channel merger discussed in note 6, the Company
issued a warrant to a director of the Company to purchase 37,500 shares
of the Company's common stock at $5.33 per share, which warrant expires
on July 14, 2006. The Company recognized expense of $48,562, which is
included in research and development expenses in the consolidated
statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 1997.
F-14
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(8) Stock Warrants, Continued
The Company entered into an agreement with Investor Relations Group
("Investor") pursuant to which Investor will render investor relations
and corporate communication services to the Company. A warrant to
purchase 24,000 shares of Company's common stock at $7.00 per share,
which warrant expires on November 22, 2001, was issued in 1996. The
Company recognized expense of $110,640, which is included in general
and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations
for the year ended December 31,1997. The expense represents the fair
market value of the warrants, in accordance with FAS 123.
Concurrent with the private placement offering of convertible preferred
stock in 1997, the Company issued 123,720 warrants to designees of
Paramount, the placement agent. In accordance with SFAS No. 123, the
Company determined the fair value of the warrants using the Black
Scholes Model and recognized costs of $570,143, which offset the
proceeds and increased the Company's stockholders' equity (deficit).
(9) Related-Party Transactions
The Company has several consulting agreements with directors of the
Company. These agreements, which may be terminated upon ten days notice
by either party, require monthly consulting fees of $2,500. Consulting
expense under these agreements was $60,000, $30,000 and $30,000 for the
years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
One of the five members of the Board of Directors of the Company is a
full-time officer of Paramount. In the regular course of its business,
Paramount identifies, evaluates and pursues investment opportunities in
biomedical and pharmaceutical products, technologies and companies. The
Company has entered into several agreements with Paramount as well as
with the Company's directors pursuant to which Paramount and such
directors provide financial advisory services to the Company. Consulting
expense under these agreements was $28,000, $42,500 and $-0- for the
years ended December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
F-15
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(10) Income Taxes
There was no current or deferred tax expense for the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995 because of the Company's operating
losses.
The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as
of December 31, 1997 and 1996 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996 1995
---------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets:
Tax loss carryforwards ........................... $4,656,000 3,365,000 2,026,000
Research and development credit .................. 172,000 123,000 --
---------- --------- ---------
Gross deferred tax assets .................. 4,828,000 3,488,000 2,026,000
Less valuation reserve ........................... 4,794,000 3,488,000 2,026,000
---------- --------- ---------
Net deferred tax assets .................... 34,000 -- --
---------- --------- ---------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets .................................. 34,000 -- --
---------- --------- ---------
Net deferred tax liabilities ............... 34,000 -- --
---------- --------- ---------
Net deferred tax asset (liability) ......... $ -- -- --
---------- --------- ---------
---------- --------- ---------
</TABLE>
The reasons for the difference between actual income tax expense
(benefit) for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and the amount
computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to losses
before income tax (benefit) are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996 1995
------------------- -------------------- --------------------
% of % of % of
pretax pretax pretax
Amount earnings Amount earnings Amount earnings
------- --------- ------- --------- ------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Income tax expense at
statutory rate .................... $(1,752,000) (34.0%) $(1,210,000) (34.0%) $(1,074,000) (34.0%)
State income taxes, net
of federal tax benefit ............ (309,000) (6.0%) (213,000) (6.0%) (190,000) (6.0%)
Change in valuation reserve ......... 1,306,000 25.4% 1,462,000 41.1% 1,323,000 41.9%
Other, net .......................... 755,000 14.6% (39,000) (1.1%) (59,000) (1.9%)
----------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- -----
Income tax benefit ............... $ -- -- $ -- -- % $ -- -- %
----------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- -----
----------- ----- ----------- ----- ----------- -----
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(10) Income Taxes, Continued
At December 31, 1997, the Company had net operating loss tax
carryforwards of approximately $13,565,040. The net operating loss
carryforwards expire in various amounts starting in 2008 and 1998 for
federal and state tax purposes, respectively. Changes in the company's
ownership may cause limitations in the utilization of the loss
carryforwards.
(11) Commitments and Contingencies
The Operating Companies have entered into several consulting and
employment agreements. Under the terms of these agreements $769,160
will be paid in 1998. Consulting expense under these agreements
amounted to $747,400, $417,859, and $323,210 for the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
Channel entered into research agreements with two different third
parties, one of which was amended on March 12, 1995, whereby Channel is
obligated to reimburse the party, up to $150,000 through 1997 for prior
patent expenses. This amount is fully accrued at December 31, 1995.
Prior patent costs paid under this agreement during the year ended
December 31, 1995 were $10,000. Channel also entered into a sponsored
research agreement with the party, as amended on June 26, 1995, which
required Channel to fund approximately $400,000 for sponsored research
over an eighteen-month period beginning January 1, 1996. Channel
entered into a second research agreement on June 1, 1997, which
requires Channel to fund $362,892 for sponsored research over a twelve
month period beginning July 1, 1997. Under these agreements, $281,446,
$275,500 and $24,500 was expensed during the years ended December 31,
1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Under the terms of these agreements,
$181,446 will be paid in 1998.
Under the terms of the research agreement with the second party,
Channel is required to reimburse the party up to $50,000 for research
performed. In 1997, $8,802 was expensed. Payments totaling $41,198 are
expected in 1998.
The Company has entered into consulting agreements, under which stock
options may be issued in the foreseeable future.
The Company rents certain office space under operating leases which
expire in various years through 2002.
F-17
<PAGE>
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(A Development Stage Company)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995
(11) Commitments and Contingencies, Continued
Aggregate annual lease payments for noncancelable operating leases are
as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ending December 31,
-----------------------
<S> <C>
1998 $ 53,427
1999 53,427
2000 49,722
2001 31,200
2002 10,400
</TABLE>
Rent expense related to operating leases for the years ended December
31, 1997, 1996, and 1995 was $62,683, $22,984, and $0, respectively.
F-18
<PAGE>
Item 13-Exhibits List, and Reports on Form 8-K
(a) Exhibits
The Following documents are referenced or included in this report.
Description
Exhibit
No.
3.1(1) Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, as amended to
date.
3.2(1) Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended to date.
3.3(5) Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock.
3.4(6) Certificate of increase of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock.
4.2(1) Form of Unit certificate.
4.3(1) Specimen Common Stock certificate.
4.4(1) Form of Redeemable Warrant certificate.
4.5(1) Form of Redeemable Warrant Agreement, by and between the
Registrant and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
4.6(1) Form of Underwriter's Warrant certificate.
4.7(1) Form of Underwriter's Warrant Agreement by and between the
Registrant and Joseph Stevens & Company, L.P.
4.8(1) Form of Subscription Agreement, by and between the Registrant and
the Selling Stockholders.
4.9(1) Form of Bridge Note.
4.10(1) Form of Bridge Warrant
4.11(2) Investors' right Agreement by and among the registrant, Dreyfus
Growth and Value Funds, Inc. and Premier Strategic Growth Fund.
4.12(2) Common Stock Purchase Agreement by and among the registrant,
Dreyfus Growth and Value Funds, Inc. and Premier Strategic Growth
Fund.
5.1* Opinion of Brobeck, Phleger and Harrison LLP.
10.1(1) The Registrant's 1995 Stock Option Plan.
10.2(1) Employment Agreement dated July 7, 1995, between the Registrant
and Jon D. Lindjord.
10.3(1) Employment Agreement, dated September 21, 1995, between the
Registrant and Dr. Stephen R. Miller.
10.4(1) Employment Agreement dated September 21, 1995, between the
Registrant and Margaret A. Schalk.
10.5(1) Letter Agreement, dated August 31, 1995, between the Registrant
and Dr. H. Lawrence Shaw.
10.6(1) Consulting Agreement dated January 1, 1994, between the
Registrant and John K.A. Prendergast.
10.8(1) Investors' Rights Agreement, dated July 1995, between the
Registrant, Dr. Lindsay A. Rosenwald and VentureTek, L.P.
10.9(1) License and Assignment Agreement, dated March 25, 1994, between
Optex Ophthalmologics, Inc., certain inventors and NeoMedix
Corporation, as amended.
10.10(1) License Agreement, dated May 5, 1994, between Gemini Gene
Therapies, Inc. and The Cleveland Clinic Foundation.
10.11(1)+ License Agreement, dated June 16, 1994, between Channel
Therapeutics, Inc., the University of Pennsylvania and certain
inventors, as amended.
10.12(1)+ License Agreement, dated March 28, 1994, between Channel
Therapeutics, Inc. and Dr. Sumner Burstein.
10.13(1) Form of Financial Advisory and Consulting Agreement by and
between the Registrant and Joseph Stevens & Company, L.P.
10.14(1) Employment Agreement dated November 3, 1995, between the
Registrant and Shimshon Mizrachi.
<PAGE>
10.15(3) Financial advisory agreement between the Company and Paramount
dated September 4, 1996(effective date of April 15, 1996)
10.16(3) Financial agreement between the Company, Paramount and UI USA
dated June 23, 1996.
10.17(3) Consultancy agreement between the Company and Dr. Yuichi Iwaki
dated July 31, 1996.
10.18(3) 1995 Stock Option Plan as amended
10.19(3) Warrant issued to an employee of Paramount Capital, LLC to
purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock of the Registrant, dated,
10.20(3) Warrant issued to an employee of Paramount Capital, LLC to
purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock of the Registrant, dated,
10.21(3) Warrant issued to an employee of Paramount Capital, LLC to
purchase 12,500 shares of Common Stock of the Registrant, dated,
10.22(4) Letter of Agreement between the Registrant and Paramount Capital,
Inc. dated February 26,1997.
10.23(4) Agreement and Plan of Organization by and among Atlantic
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Channel Therapeutics, Inc. and New
channel. Inc. dated February 20,1997.
10.24(4) Warrant issued to John Prendergast to purchase 37,500 shares of
the Registrant's Common Stock.
10.25(4) Warrant issued to Dian Griesel to purchase 24,000 shares of the
Registrant's Common Stock.
21.1(1) Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1* Consent of KPMG Peat Marwick LLP.
23.2* Consent of Brobeck, Phleger &Harrison LLP
24.1 Power of Attorney (included in part II of this Report under the
caption "Signatures")
27.1 Financial data Schedule
------
+Confidential treatment has been granted as to certain portions of these
exhibits.
- Previously Filed
(1) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of Issuer's Registration Statement
on Form SB-2, Registration #33-98478, as filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (The "Commission") on October 24, 1995 and as
amended by amendment No. 1, Amendment No. 2, Amendment No.3, Amendment
No. 4 and Amendment No. 5, as filed with the Commission on November 9,
1995, December 5, 1995, December 12, 1995, December 13, 1995 and
December 14, 1995, respectively.
(2) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of the registrant's Current Report
on Form 8-KSB, as filed with the Commission on August 30, 1996.
(3) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of Issuer's Form 10-QSB for the
period ended September 30,1996.
(4) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of Issuer's Form 10-QSB for the
period ended March 31, 1996.
(5) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of the registrant's Current Report
on Form 8-KSB, as filed with the Commission on June 9, 1997.
(6) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No.333-34379), as filed with the
Commission on August 26, 1997, and as amended by amendment No. 1 as
filed with the Commission on August 28, 1997.
b) Reports on Form 8-K
No Reports on Form 8-K were filed during the fourth quarter of the
Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 1997.
<PAGE>
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized
ATLANTIC PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Date: March 19, 1998
By /s/ Jon Douglas Lindjord
--------------------------------
Jon Douglas Lindjord
Chief Executive Officer and President
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person who signature appears
below constitutes and appoints jointly and severally, Jon Douglas Lindjord and
Shimshon Mizrachi, or either of them as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact
and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstititution, for him and in
his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all
amendments to this Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same with all exhibits
thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and
Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in- fact and agents, and each
of them full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing
requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all
intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their
or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue
hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the undersigned has executed this Power of
Attorney as of the date indicted.
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by
the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on
the dates indicated.
Name Title
Date
(s) Jon Douglas Lindjord
- ------------------------------
Jon Douglas Lindjord President, Chief Executive March 19, 1998
Officer and Director
/s/ Shimshon Mizrachi
- ------------------------------
Shimshon Mizrachi Chief Financial Officer March 19, 1998
Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer
/s/ John K. Prendergast
- ------------------------------
John K. A. Prendergast, Ph.D. Director March 19, 1998
/s/ Yuichi Iwaki
- ------------------------------
Yuichi Iwaki, M.D., Ph.D. Director March 19, 1998
/s/Steve H. Kanzer
- ------------------------------
Steve H. Kanzer, Esq. Director March 19, 1998
/s/Robert A. Fildes
- ------------------------------
Robert A. Fildes, Ph.D. Director March 19, 1998
/s/Paul Rubin,
- ------------------------------
Paul Rubin, MD Director March 19, 1998
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<PAGE>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY
BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1997
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1997
<CASH> 8,543,495
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 0
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 8,544,745
<PP&E> 401,047
<DEPRECIATION> 150,086
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 8,795,706
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 392,566
<BONDS> 0
0
1,215
<COMMON> 3,065
<OTHER-SE> 8,398,860
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 8,795,706
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 2,288
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 0
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 9,102,219
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> (245,231)
<INCOME-PRETAX> (8,854,700)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (8,854,700)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (8,854,700)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (2.97)
<EPS-DILUTED> (2.97)
</TABLE>
