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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended DECEMBER 31, 1996 or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission File Number: 0-20815
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
DELAWARE 94-3123544
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)
3420 E. THIRD AVENUE, FOSTER CITY, CALIFORNIA 94404
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(415) 578-1930
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
NONE
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
COMMON STOCK, $.001 PAR VALUE
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No
---- ----
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to
the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ]
Based on the closing sale price of $16.00 on March 25, 1997, the aggregate
market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was
$58,921,648. For purposes of this computation, voting stock held by officers
and directors of the Registrant has been excluded. Such exclusion is not
intended, and shall not be deemed, to be an admission that such officers and
directors are affiliates of the Registrant.
On March 25, 1997, there were 9,205,784 shares of the Registrant's Common
Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
1. Portions of the Registrant's Annual Report to Stockholders for the year
ended December 31, 1996 are incorporated by reference in Part II, Items 6, 7 and
8.
2. Portions of the Registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the
Registrant's Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held June 12, 1997, which will
be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, are incorporated by
reference in Part III, Items 10, 11, 12 and 13.
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INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
COVER PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
PART I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Item 1. Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Item 2. Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Item 3. Legal Proceedings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders. . . . . 16
PART II. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder
Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Item 6. Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . 18
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
PART III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant . . . . . 19
Item 11. Executive Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions. . . . . . . . 19
PART IV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form
8-K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
SIGNATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
POWER OF ATTORNEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
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PART I.
Item 1. BUSINESS.
THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION MAY CONTAIN FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS WHICH
INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES. WHEN USED IN THIS DISCUSSION, THE WORDS
"ANTICIPATE," "BELIEVE," "ESTIMATE," AND "EXPECT" AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS AS
THEY RELATE TO THE COMPANY OR ITS MANAGEMENT ARE INTENDED TO IDENTIFY SUCH
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. THE COMPANY'S ACTUAL RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR
ACHIEVEMENTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THE RESULTS EXPRESSED IN, OR
IMPLIED BY, THESE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE OR
CONTRIBUTE TO SUCH DIFFERENCES INCLUDE RISKS RELATED TO MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF
THE COMPANY'S SINGLE PRODUCT, FLUCTUATIONS IN THE COMPANY'S QUARTERLY AND
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS, THE LOSS OF ORDERS OF THE COMPANY'S PRODUCT,
INCLUDING THE LOSS OF THE COMPANY'S MOST RECENT ORDER FROM THE FAA, LOSS OF
ANY OF THE COMPANY'S SOLE SOURCE SUPPLIERS, INTENSE COMPETITION, RELIANCE ON
LARGE ORDERS, CONCENTRATION OF THE COMPANY'S CUSTOMERS, RISKS RELATED TO THE
LENGTHY SALES CYCLES FOR THE CTX 5000, BUDGETING LIMITATIONS OF THE COMPANY'S
CUSTOMERS AND PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS, AND THE RISKS RELATED TO THE COMPANY'S
LIMITED MANUFACTURING EXPERIENCE, AS WELL AS THOSE DISCUSSED IN "BUSINESS
RISKS" AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS FORM 10-K.
GENERAL
InVision is the worldwide leader in explosive detection technology. The
Company develops, manufactures, markets and supports an explosive detection
system for civil aviation security based on advanced CT technology. To date,
the Company's CTX 5000 is the only EDS to be certified by the FAA for use in
the inspection of checked luggage on commercial flights. Historically, the
FAA has been the leader in establishing standards for aviation security
worldwide, and the Company believes that airports around the world will
migrate over time towards security policies consistent with those of the FAA.
As a result, the Company believes that the CTX 5000 is well positioned to
become the industry standard. In December 1996, the Company received an
order from the FAA for 54 CTX 5000 systems to be installed at the busiest
U.S. airports. For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996, the Company had
revenues of $15.8 million, and at March 1, 1997 had orders in backlog in the
amount of $55.0 million. As of March 1, 1997, 30 CTX 5000 systems had been
shipped to twelve airports in seven countries around the world.
The Company believes that the CTX 5000 is the only EDS capable of
detecting all types of explosives designated by the FAA to be a threat to
commercial aviation and that the CTX 5000 is superior to competing systems by
virtue of its advanced detection technology. The CTX 5000 is capable of
capturing and processing substantially more data than other explosive
detection systems. The Company believes that there are important
technological advantages that lead to the superiority of the CTX 5000 over
systems of the Company's primary competitors. By combining heightened levels
of data capture and diagnosis capabilities with simple user interfaces, the
Company's CTX 5000 is capable of providing high detection and low false alarm
rates, as well as advanced threat resolution capability and increased
operator efficiency.
The Company's objective is to become the dominant provider of explosive
detection systems worldwide and to extend its expertise in EDS technology to
address broader applications. Specific elements of the Company's growth
strategy are to enhance its technological leadership, expand its sales and
marketing organization, leverage its detection technology expertise to enter
new markets for detection, and selectively pursue strategic relationships and
acquisitions.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
MARKET SIZE. There are over 600 airports worldwide providing scheduled
service for an aggregate of over 2.5 billion passengers per year. Of these
airports, over 400 are located in the United States, 150 are in Europe, and
50 are in the Asia/Pacific region. According to a 1996 report issued by the
Aviation Security Advisory Committee, it will cost approximately $2.2 billion
to equip the 76 largest airports in the United States with certified
explosive detection systems.
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THE TERRORIST THREAT. In recent years, increased incidents of bombings
and airline terrorism have contributed to an enhanced perception of the
threat of terrorism among the general public. According to a report of the
President's Commission on Aviation Security and Terrorism dated August 4,
1989, there were over 42 bombings against civilian aviation targets worldwide
between 1975 and 1989. According to Time Magazine, there were 10,222
bombings in the United States between 1983 and 1993. According to a CBS poll
conducted in July 1996, the public perception of the threat of commercial
aircraft bombings has increased dramatically, and airline passengers have
expressed a willingness to pay more for airline travel and endure delays if
such actions will decrease the threat of successful airline bombings.
THE EVOLUTION OF EXPLOSIVE DETECTION TECHNOLOGIES. In the 1970's, in
response to hijackings, airports worldwide began to install x-ray systems to
screen carry on baggage for weapons such as guns and knives. In response to
the implementation of this technology, terrorists in some cases adopted the
tactic of airline bombings. The effort to develop automated explosive
detection capabilities was first established in the late 1970's by the FAA
and was predicated on the application of conventional x-ray technology.
However, until the advent of certified explosive detection systems in 1994,
the Company believes that EDS technology remained largely inadequate.
Following the bombing of Pan American Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in
December 1988, certain European countries hastened to implement explosive
detection capabilities based upon then existing technologies. In order to
placate immediate public safety concerns, these conventional systems were
designed to process 100% of checked baggage. However, these conventional
systems were and continue to remain deficient in that they are unable to
reliably detect and identify all of the types and amounts of explosives
determined by the FAA to be a threat to civil aviation.
Several advanced explosive detection technologies have been developed to
attempt to address the need for effective explosive detection. These systems
include CT, dual energy x-ray and trace detection. CT technology uses a
source of x-rays rotating around an object to create multiple two dimensional
images, commonly know as "slices," of the density distribution of the
object's cross section and compares these density data to those of
explosives. Dual energy x-ray systems measure the x-ray absorption
properties of a bag's contents at two different x-ray energies to determine
if any of the contents have the physical characteristics of explosive
materials. Trace detection equipment, known as "sniffers," detect
particulate and chemical traces of explosive materials collected by an
operator by wiping or vacuuming the bag under inspection. The only explosive
detection system to be certified by the FAA is the Company's CTX 5000, which
is based on CT technology.
THE EMERGENCE OF WORLDWIDE STANDARDS AND FAA CERTIFICATION. Throughout
the history of civil aviation, the FAA has been a leader in setting the
standards for aviation security worldwide. In the 1970's, the FAA first
established standards for worldwide security by setting guidelines for
screening of carry on baggage for guns and knives. These standards were
subsequently mandated by the United Nations for adoption by all of its member
states, leading to the installation of over 7,000 detection systems
worldwide. Following the December 1988 bombing of Pan American Flight 103,
the United States enacted the Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990 (the
"Aviation Security Act"), in response to which the FAA increased research and
development funding for advanced explosives detection technology. To date
the FAA has spent approximately $150 million on such activities.
In 1993, as required by the Aviation Security Act, the FAA adopted a
certification protocol regarding explosive detection systems for use on checked
baggage. The FAA certification process was developed to certify equipment that,
alone or as part of an integrated system, can detect under realistic air carrier
operating conditions the amounts, configurations and types of explosive material
which would be likely to be used to cause catastrophic damage to commercial
aircraft. To do so, the FAA contracted with the National Academy of Sciences to
establish a scientifically valid protocol for certification. The FAA also
consulted with a variety of public agencies, including the Federal Bureau of
Investigation and the Central Intelligence Agency. The result of this
collaboration was the establishment of a detection protocol which focuses on (i)
the categories of explosive substances to be detected, (ii) the probability of
detection by explosive category, (iii) the quantity of explosive that must be
detectable, (iv) the number of bags processed per hour, and (v) the maximum
acceptable false alarm rates by explosive. To date only one explosive detection
system, the Company's CTX 5000, has met the requirements of the protocol and has
been
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certified by the FAA. In order to meet the throughput criteria established
in the FAA protocol, the CTX 5000 was certified with two units operating in
parallel.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI LEVEL SCREENING PROCESSES. As the capabilities
of EDS technology have evolved and worldwide detection standards have become
more pervasive, certain airports around the world have sought to augment
their detection capabilities by implementing various multi level screening
processes. To date, two distinct processes have become most prevalent: a
system first implemented by the British Airport Authority (the "BAA
Approach"); and a system endorsed by the FAA (the "FAA Approach"). Prior to
the development of certified detection technology and in recognition of the
deficiencies of existing x-ray technology in providing comprehensive
detection, certain European airports adopted the BAA Approach, which consists
of the use of several explosive detection systems operating in series in
order to attempt to increase detection rates while maintaining throughput
rates.
The FAA Approach was developed following the advent of certified
detection technology. Currently, the FAA Approach is comprised of a process
of passenger "profiling" combined with the use of certified EDS equipment for
the detection of explosives in baggage deemed to be high risk. Profiling
involves an initial determination of whether a particular passenger
represents a high threat based on certain decision criteria which are
believed to be reasonable predictors of risk. Based on this determination, a
passenger's baggage may undergo a higher level of investigation, which will
in most cases involve the baggage being screened with the use of certified
EDS equipment. In contrast to the BAA Approach, in which the effectiveness
of the entire detection process is dependent on technologies with greater
emphasis on throughput than detection, the FAA Approach is predicated on the
use of high detection technology and is focused on the ability to accurately
and effectively detect explosives and to identify individuals believed to
pose the greatest threat to civil aviation. The Company believes that the FAA
Approach, as it is currently being implemented at major airports throughout
the United States, will prove to be the more effective process in reducing
the dangers associated with the use of explosives against civil aviation.
THE GORE COMMISSION. In response to the recent crash of TWA Flight 800
off Long Island, New York in July 1996, President Clinton formed the White
House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security, chaired by Vice President
Gore (the "Gore Commission"), to review airline and airport security and
oversee aviation safety. The Gore Commission concluded that "the threat
against civil aviation is changing and growing, and that the federal
government must lead the fight against it" and recommended that "the federal
government commit greater resources to improving aviation security." The
Gore Commission released its initial report in September 1996, and in October
1996 the United States Congress enacted legislation which includes a $144.2
million appropriation for 1997 for the deployment of explosives detection
systems and other advanced security equipment for use by air carriers and
airport authorities. Of this amount, $52.2 million, or 36.2%, was allocated
to the purchase of certified CT technology.
THE INVISION TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGE
The Company believes that the CTX 5000 is the only EDS presently capable
of reliably detecting all types of explosives designated by the FAA to be a
threat to commercial aviation and that the CTX 5000 is superior to competing
systems by virtue of its advanced detection technology.
The Company's CTX 5000 employs CT technology which was pioneered in the
medical field in the 1970's and enhanced for use in explosive detection by
the Company's engineers in the 1990's. As its principal detection vehicle,
the CTX 5000 uses a source of x-rays rotating around an object to create
two-dimensional images of the density distribution of the object's cross
section. These cross-sectional images are commonly known as "slices." The
CTX 5000 is capable of rendering several contiguous slices of an object in
order to optimize the diagnostic sample-sets of an object. The data gathered
from the slices is used to measure the physical characteristics of objects by
determining their linear attenuation coefficients (density), morphology
(shape), and granularity (uniformity). Once measured, each characteristic is
automatically compared, using sophisticated composition algorithms, to a
database of characteristics of compounds used in explosive devices in order
to render an initial diagnosis of the object's threat. If an object is
determined to contain the characteristics of an explosive, additional slices
of the
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object are collected in order to determine the mass descriminates (quantity)
of the threat. At this stage, potential threats which cannot be cleared
automatically by the CTX 5000 are submitted to an operator for threat
resolution. The operator is also presented with information regarding the
presence of detonators, power sources, proximity charges, metallic objects
and other characteristics of a potential bomb, and the suspicious objects are
highlighted in different colors.
The Company believes that there are three important technical
characteristics which lead to the superiority of the CTX 5000 over systems of
the Company's primary competitors, which are based on dual energy technology.
These characteristics are:
DATA QUALITY AND QUANTITY. Dual energy x-ray systems collect data from
one or two views of an object to determine the atomic number of materials
encountered during the scan. CT technology, with approximately 500 views per
slice, yields more data and is capable of measuring the density of an object.
While explosives have well defined density ranges which are generally
distinct from those of the contents of checked baggage, certain classes of
explosives have atomic numbers which are similar to those of many materials
found in checked baggage. As a result, the CTX 5000 is better able to
distinguish between explosives and the benign contents of checked baggage,
resulting in higher detection and lower false alarm rates.
THREE DIMENSIONAL DATA. CT technology's ability to render three
dimensional data concerning an object also contributes to its superior
detection compared to dual energy x-ray technology. By utilizing these data,
CT technology is able to map characteristics of an object, such as mass and
density, regardless of the object's position in the bag and the superposition
of other objects. Dual energy x-ray systems render only two dimensional
data. As a result, if multiple objects are superimposed over the potential
explosive, the system's ability to calculate the atomic number of the
potential explosive is diminished. Given the inherent limitations of the use
of atomic numbers as a parameter for explosive detection, this diminished
capacity with regard to stacked objects is particularly problematic.
ADVANCED THREAT RESOLUTION. Threat resolution refers to the process
following an alarm of determining whether checked baggage is safe or contains
a threat. Once an alarm occurs, the CTX 5000 presents its operators with
images and threat analysis tools that are unavailable in dual energy systems.
For example, the CTX 5000 simultaneously provides operators with both x-ray
images and CT images on separate screens. These data are cross-referenced
with each other to give the operator an overall image of a suitcase and
detailed CT information relating to the contents, and in particular relating
to the potential threat. In addition to the images, the CTX 5000 provides an
abundance of tools and data, designed to allow operators to determine whether
a bag is a threat requiring further action or is safe to clear to the plane.
One of these tools is the ability to take additional slices to provide more
data and focus in on the threat. In contrast, dual energy x-ray systems
display a single x-ray image of a potential threat and are not capable of
providing additional information to an operator who suspects that an
explosive is present.
The Company believes that the strengths of the CTX 5000 with respect to
these three important technical characteristics were central to the CTX 5000
meeting the stringent FAA standards for certification and to gaining
operational acceptance by the commercial aviation industry. In addition, the
Company believes that the limitations of competing technologies with respect
to these important characteristics will limit these technologies' ability to
attain the high detection and low false alarm rates necessary to obtain FAA
certification; however, there can be no assurance that technological
innovations will not enable these technologies to overcome these limitations.
As the only EDS to be certified by the FAA, the Company believes its CTX
5000 system is well positioned to be the cornerstone of the advanced
explosive detection process being promoted by the FAA for implementation at
airports around the world. However, there currently is no requirement that
U.S. airlines or airports (or international airlines or airports) deploy FAA
certified explosive detection systems or that U.S. airlines or airports (or
most international airlines or airports) deploy explosive detection systems
at all. Should the standards be lowered, resulting in other lower priced or
higher throughput explosive detection systems becoming certified, or should
other competitive systems otherwise become certified, the Company would lose
a significant competitive advantage. Under such circumstances, there can be
no assurance that the Company's product would be able to
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compete successfully with these systems. In addition, should the FAA
increase its certification standards, there can be no assurance that the CTX
5000 would meet such standards.
GROWTH STRATEGY
The Company's objective is to be the leading provider of explosive
detection systems worldwide and to extend its technology expertise to address
broader applications for detection. Specific elements of the Company's
growth strategy are to:
ENHANCE TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP. The Company believes that its
technological capabilities provide it with a significant competitive
advantage. Accordingly, the Company considers research and development to be
a vital part of its operating discipline, and continues to make substantial
investments to enhance the performance, functionality and reliability of its
CTX 5000 hardware and software. Among the Company's priorities in enhancing
its technological capabilities are to increase throughput rates while
maintaining certified detection capability and to increase threat resolution
capabilities. In 1996, the Company spent $4.3 million (or 26.9% of revenues)
for research and development to improve the Company's technology.
EXPAND SALES AND MARKETING CAPABILITIES. The Company believes that its
sales and marketing capability is vital to achieving high levels of market
penetration for its systems. The objectives of the Company's sales force
include promoting broader acceptance for EDS technology worldwide and
emphasizing the importance of high detection rate EDS technology. Because
sales cycles for the CTX 5000 can be lengthy, the Company's sales and
marketing efforts are focused on developing and maintaining close working
relationships with key management personnel at regulatory authorities,
airports and airport authorities worldwide. As the market for certified
explosive detection technology expands, the Company intends to supplement its
sales and marketing capability by adding sales personnel in the U.S. and in
Asia, enhancing customer support capabilities in Europe through the addition
of systems integration expertise, and continuing to educate governmental
entities worldwide about the benefits of certified detection and the
advantages of the CTX 5000.
LEVERAGE TECHNOLOGY EXPERTISE TO ENTER NEW MARKETS FOR DETECTION. The
Company believes that installations of advanced automated explosive detection
systems at airports will accelerate the adoption of this technology for
additional aviation applications such as screening of carry-on baggage and
trailer-mounted mobile units for inspections at remote location, as well as
for other security applications, including the detection of drugs, the
protection of government and private facilities, and the screening of mail.
Since the amount of government money spent in drug interdiction efforts far
surpasses the amount spent for the development of EDS technology, the Company
believes that drug detection applications afford significant market
opportunities for the application of the Company's certified detection
technology. The Company believes that its leadership in high detection
technology will be a competitive advantage as these markets develop.
PURSUE STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS AND ACQUISITIONS. From time to time the
Company reviews strategic relationship opportunities, including potential
acquisitions, that would complement its existing product offerings, augment
its market coverage, enhance its technological capabilities or otherwise
offer growth opportunities. The Company believes that the CTX 5000 is suited
to the integration of applications which are direct extensions of its
strength in explosive detection technology. Pursuant to this strategy, the
Company has entered a strategic relationship with EG&G Astrophysics for the
development of an explosive detection system based upon a combination of the
CTX 5000 as it currently exists and a pre-scanner based upon EG&G's x-ray
scanning technology. See "--Product Development."
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The Company considers research and development to be a vital part of its
operating discipline and continues to dedicate substantial resources to
research and development to enhance the performance, functionality and
reliability of its CTX 5000 hardware and software. In particular, the
Company recognizes the need to improve certain of its system capabilities,
specifically related to throughput and gantry size, in order to accommodate
the
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breadth of market potential for EDS technology. At March 1, 1997 the Company
had 35 full time employees engaged in research and development activities,
and also was using the services of eight specialized contract employees and
consultants in this area. During the year ended December 31, 1996, the
Company spent $4.3 million on research and development activities, of which
$1.5 million was funded by the FAA under development contracts and grants.
In order to fulfill the objectives of its growth strategy, the Company
intends to continue to invest heavily in product development.
The Company's development efforts under the current FAA research grant
are primarily focused on increasing the speed (throughput) and decreasing the
manufacturing cost of the CTX 5000. The Company is also developing, in
conjunction with the FAA, improvements to the user interface, inspection
algorithms, and operator on line testing techniques. Any such modifications
or updated versions of the CTX 5000 may require FAA approval in order to
retain certification or may require re certification. There can be no
assurance that any such modifications will be approved or, if required,
certified by the FAA. The Company believes that its long term success will
depend in part upon the ability to manufacture an EDS that meets or exceeds
the throughput standards of the FAA Final Certification Criteria without
being combined with another unit.
The U.S. Government currently plays an important role in funding the
development of EDS technology and sponsoring its deployment in U.S. airports.
To date the Company has received $8.0 million from FAA grants and contracts,
and expects to receive an additional $2.7 million for further throughput
enhancement and cost reduction activities in 1997. The Company is also aware
that Lockheed Martin Corporation was awarded a grant of approximately $8.7
million in January, 1996 from the FAA for the design and development of a CT
based EDS over a two year period. There can be no assurance that additional
research and development funds from the FAA will become available in the
future or that the Company will receive any such additional funds. In
addition, the grant to Lockheed Martin Corporation and any future grants to
the Company's other competitors may improve such competitors' ability to
develop and market high detection EDS technology and cause the Company's
customers to delay any purchase decisions, which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's ability to market the CTX 5000.
In November 1996, the Company entered into a Research and Development
Agreement with EG&G Astrophysics ("EG&G") whereby an EG&G affiliate invested
$2.0 million in the Company and the parties agreed to attempt to jointly
develop and introduce to the EDS marketplace a system combining the two
companies' products into an automatic, high throughput, high detection
system. The terms of the agreement provide for the parties to equally fund
and jointly own the technology developed in the development program. Either
party may terminate the agreement for cause, or may terminate the agreement
without cause (which in certain cases would result in a penalty) on 60 days'
notice. This alliance targets the furtherance of the Company's strategy to
increase throughput and provide a better solution than multi level detection
systems currently in use in certain airports in the United Kingdom and Asia
which, the Company believes, represent a significant compromise in detection
and increase the cost and complexity of the baggage handling system. There
can be no assurance that the Company and EG&G will be able to develop such an
EDS in a cost effective manner or at all.
CUSTOMERS
In order to capitalize on the global opportunity for deployment of
explosive detection technology for civil aviation, the Company focuses on
three important markets: (i) installations at key U.S. airports, (ii)
installations at new airports under construction worldwide and (iii)
installations at international airports.
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The following is a list of the airports which are employing the Company's
CTX 5000 technology or have a CTX 5000 on order as of March 1, 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AIRPORT LOCATION OPERATED BY
------- -------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
John F. Kennedy International (2 units) New York, New York El Al Israel and United Airlines
Hartsfield International (2 units) Atlanta, Georgia Delta Airlines
San Francisco International (1 unit) San Francisco, California United Airlines
O'Hare International Airport (1 unit) Chicago, Illinois United Airlines
Heathrow International (3 units) (1 UNIT) London, England British Airport Authority
Manchester International (10 units) Manchester, England Manchester Airport
Brussels National (1 unit) Brussels, Belgium Brussels Airport
Charles de Gaulle International (2 units) Roissy, France Direction Generale de L'Aviation Civile
(1 UNIT)
Orly International (2 UNITS) Paris, France Direction Generale de L'Aviation Civile
Narita International (1 unit) Tokyo, Japan A distributor
Ben Gurion International (4 units) Tel Aviv, Israel Israel Airports Authority
Nino Aquino International (2 units) Manila, Philippines Northwest Airlines
Riyadh International (1 UNIT) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia A distributor
</TABLE>
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ITALICIZED ITEMS DENOTE NUMBER OF UNITS ON ORDER BUT NOT YET SHIPPED.
In December 1996, as an extension of legislation enacted upon the
recommendation of the Gore Commission, the Company received an order for 54
CTX 5000 systems from the FAA. Under the terms of the FAA contract, these
units are to be shipped during 1997 to America's busiest airports. As of
March 30, 1997, four of these systems have been shipped. For reasons of
security, the FAA will not divulge the deployment schedule or locations of
the remaining units at this time. In addition, the government has the option
to purchase up to 46 additional systems for 1998, bringing the total value of
the contract, if such option is fully exercised, to $110.9 million. The FAA
may cancel this contract for any reason, in which case the FAA would only be
obligated to pay for units delivered and to reimburse the Company for costs
incurred and commitments made by the Company in order to fulfill the
contract.
A majority of the CTX 5000 systems shipped to date have been installed
since January 1996, and the Company's customers have only limited experience
with the operation of the CTX 5000 in high volume airport operations. Many
of the factors necessary to make the overall baggage scanning system a
success, such as the CTX 5000's integration with the baggage handling system,
ongoing system maintenance and the performance of operators, are beyond the
control of the Company. In particular, once the CTX 5000 identifies a
threat, the operator must make a determination whether the threat is actual
or a false alarm and, therefore, whether or not to allow the bag to continue
onto the aircraft. Unsatisfactory performance of operators can lead to
reduced efficacy of the CTX 5000. The failure of the CTX 5000 to perform
successfully in deployments, whether due to the limited experience of the
Company's customers with the CTX 5000, operator error or any other reason,
may have an adverse effect on the market's perception of the efficacy of the
CTX 5000.
As a result, the Company believes that customer service and support are
critical to its success and has committed significant resources to these
functions. Accordingly, the Company provides a high level of customer
support to assist in the site planning, installation and integration of the
Company's products into its customer's facilities in addition to field
service for maintaining the reliability of the Company's products once
installed. The Company's service organization includes customer service
engineers, product application specialists, operator training engineers and
technical support engineers. As of March 1, 1997 the Company had 14
individuals employed in customer service and support roles. The Company
typically hires and trains its own support staff throughout the world rather
than relying on third party maintenance services. In addition to providing a
one year parts warranty,
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the Company offers fee based primary and back up service contracts to its
customers to provide system maintenance, ongoing technical support,
documentation, training and, under full service contracts, periodic software
releases.
The Company believes that operator qualification and training is as
important to the explosives detection process as the CTX 5000's automated
detection process. In this regard, the Company has developed and provides in
depth operator training and testing as a critical component of each sale and
installation.
In any given fiscal year, the Company's revenues have principally
consisted, and the Company believes will continue to consist, of orders of
multiple units from a limited number of customers. While the number of
individual customers may vary from period to period, the Company is
nevertheless dependent upon these multiple orders for a substantial portion
of its revenues. There can be no assurance that the Company will obtain such
multiple orders on a consistent basis. During the fiscal year ended December
31, 1996, revenues from the Company's six largest customers were $14.0
million, or 88.4%, of the Company's revenues. During the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1995, revenues from the Company's three largest customers were
$6.8 million, or 75.0%, of the Company's revenues. To date, all orders from
United States customers have been entirely funded by the FAA, and the
Company's largest sales contract to date, for 54 CTX 5000 systems, is with
the FAA. There can be no assurance that such funding or sales will continue
in the future.
Substantially all of the Company's customers to date have been public
agencies or quasi public agencies. In contracting with public agencies, the
Company is subject to public agency contract requirements which vary from
jurisdiction to jurisdiction and which are subject to budgetary processes and
expenditure constraints. Budgetary allocations for explosive detection
systems are dependent, in part, upon governmental policies which fluctuate
from time to time in response to political and other factors, including the
public's perception of the threat of commercial airline bombings. Many
domestic and foreign government agencies have experienced budget deficits
that have led to decreased capital expenditures in certain areas. The
Company's results of operations may be subject to substantial period to
period fluctuations as a result of these and other factors affecting capital
spending. Future sales to public agencies will depend, in part, on the
Company's ability to meet public agency contract requirements, certain of
which may be onerous or even impossible for the Company to satisfy.
SALES AND MARKETING
The Company markets its products both directly through internal sales
personnel and indirectly through authorized agents, distributors and systems
integrators. As of March 1, 1997, the Company employed a total of eight
people in sales and marketing. In North America, the Company markets its CTX
5000 primarily through direct sales personnel, which as of March 1, 1997
consisted of three individuals. Internationally, the Company utilizes both a
direct sales force and authorized agents to sell its products. As of March
1, 1997, the Company had four direct international sales personnel broadly
covering Europe, Asia, and the Middle East and approximately 12 authorized
agents representing the Company in specific countries. In addition, in order
to explore opportunities in Japan, the Company has entered into a distributor
agreement with InVision Japan, a Japanese corporation owned 10% by the
Company. For sales through its authorized agents and distributors, the
Company generally is directly involved in developing proposal documents and
negotiating contract terms.
During the fiscal years ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, international
sales represented 76.2% and 89.2%, respectively, of the Company's revenues.
The Company, accordingly, is exposed to the risks of international business
operations, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, changes
in foreign control legislation, possible foreign currency controls, uncertain
ability to protect and utilize its intellectual property in foreign
jurisdictions, currency exchange rate fluctuations or devaluation, tariffs or
other barriers, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations,
difficulties in obtaining and managing vendors and distributors, and
potentially negative tax consequences. The Company is also subject to risks
associated with regulations relating to the import and export of high
technology products. The Company cannot predict whether quotas, duties,
taxes or other charges or restrictions upon the importation or exportation of
the Company's products in the future will be implemented by the United States
or any other country.
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Support for the direct and indirect sales representatives is provided by
product application specialists who assist in pre and post sale support.
Such support includes assistance in designing customer configurations,
educating customers on the system and technology and supporting the
implementation and integration process. In addition, the Company provides
its sales representatives with training, promotional literature, a multi
media presentation, videos and competitive analysis.
The selling process often involves a team comprised of individuals from
sales, marketing, engineering, customer service and support, and senior
management. The team frequently engages in a multi level sales effort
directed toward a variety of constituents, including government regulators,
the local airport operator or authority, systems and or conveyor integrators,
individual airlines and airline operating committees. The sales process of
the CTX 5000 is often protracted due to the lengthy approval processes that
typically accompany large capital expenditures. The Company's revenues
depend in significant part upon the decision of a government agency to
upgrade and expand existing facilities, alter workflows and hire additional
technical expertise in addition to procuring the CTX 5000, all of which
involve a significant capital commitment as well as significant future
support costs. The sales cycle is also extended by the time required to
manufacture the CTX 5000 and install and assimilate the CTX 5000. Typically,
six to twelve months may elapse between a new customer's initial evaluation
of the Company's system and the execution of a contract. Another three months
to a year may elapse prior to shipment of the CTX 5000 as the customer site
is prepared and the CTX 5000 is manufactured. During this period the Company
expends substantial funds and management resources but recognizes no
associated revenue. Often, local government regulators become involved in
the sales decision process or provide funds for the purchase. For repeat
orders from existing customers, the Company can often expedite the sales
cycle by utilizing existing contracts and contract extensions and thereby
avoiding lengthy procurement processes.
COMPETITION
The market for explosive detection systems is intensely competitive and
is characterized by continuously developing technology and frequent
introductions of new products and features. The Company expects competition
to increase as other companies introduce additional and more competitive
products in the EDS market and as the Company develops additional
capabilities and enhancements for the CTX 5000 and new applications for its
certified technology. Historically, the principal competitors in the market
for explosive detection systems have been InVision, Vivid Technologies, Inc.,
EG&G, Thermedics Detection Inc., and Barringer Technologies Inc. Each of
these competitors provides EDS solutions and products for use in the
inspection of checked luggage, although to date only the Company's CTX 5000
has been certified by the FAA. The Company is aware of certain major
corporations competing in other markets that intend to enter the EDS market.
In particular, in January 1996 Lockheed Martin Corporation received a grant
in the amount of approximately $8.7 million from the FAA for the design and
development of a CT based EDS over a two year period. Announcements of
currently planned or other new products may cause customers to delay their
purchasing decisions for EDS products, which could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations. Each of the Company's competitors may have substantially greater
financial resources than the Company. There can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to compete successfully with its competitors or with new
entrants to the EDS market.
The Company believes that its ability to compete in the EDS market is
based upon such factors as: product performance, functionality, quality and
features; quality of customer support services, documentation and training;
and the capability of the technology to appeal to broader applications beyond
the inspection of checked baggage. Although the Company believes that the
CTX 5000 is superior to its competitors' products in its explosive detection
capability and accuracy, the CTX 5000 must also compete on the basis of
price, throughput, the ability to handle all sizes of baggage, and the ease
of integration into existing baggage handling systems. Certain of the
Company's competitors may have an advantage over the Company's existing
technology with respect to these factors. Currently, the CTX 5000 has an
average selling price of approximately $1.0 million, compared to
substantially lower prices for systems offered by the Company's competitors;
has a throughput rate of approximately 300 bags per hour ("bph"), compared to
rates claimed to exceed 1,000 bph by certain of the Company's competitors;
has a gantry size which limits the ability of the unit to accept all sizes of
baggage; and requires that the baggage remain
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still while being scanned, making it difficult to integrate into the
continuously moving baggage handling systems found in most airports. There
can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in convincing
potential customers that the CTX 5000 is superior to other systems given all
of the necessary performance criteria, that new systems with comparable or
greater performance, lower price and faster or equivalent throughput will not
be introduced, or that, if such products are introduced, customers will not
delay or cancel existing or future orders for the Company's system. Further,
there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to enhance the CTX
5000 to better compete on the basis of cost, throughput, accommodation of
baggage size and ease of integration, or that the Company will otherwise be
able to compete successfully with existing or new competitors.
BACKLOG
The Company measures its backlog of system revenues as orders for which
contracts or purchase orders have been signed, but which have not yet been
shipped and for which revenues have not yet been recognized. The Company
includes in its backlog only those customer orders which are scheduled for
delivery within the next 18 months. The Company typically ships its products
within three to twelve months after receiving an order. However, such
shipments may be impacted by delays which occur in the delivery of components
to the Company or customers' readiness to accept delivery for reasons of site
preparation or otherwise. At March 1, 1997, the Company's system revenues
backlog was approximately $55.0 million, and at March 1, 1996, the Company's
system revenues backlog was approximately $6.5 million.
Substantially all of the Company's backlog as of March 1, 1997 is
expected to be shipped during the current fiscal year. Any failure of the
Company to meet an agreed upon schedule could lead to the cancellation of the
related order. Variations in the size, complexity and delivery requirements
of the customer order may result in substantial fluctuations in backlog from
period to period. The Company believes that it is important for competitive
reasons and to better satisfy customer requirements to reduce order lead
times and expects that the Company's backlog may decrease on a relative basis
over time. In addition, all orders are subject to cancellation or delay by
the customer and, accordingly, there can be no assurance that such backlog
will eventually result in revenues. For these reasons, the Company believes
that backlog cannot be considered a meaningful indicator of the Company's
performance on an annual or quarterly basis.
MANUFACTURING
The Company seeks to focus its manufacturing resources on activities
which emphasize the Company's core competencies and distinctive value. The
Company's manufacturing operations consist primarily of: materials
management; assembly, test and quality control of parts and components
subassemblies; and final system testing. Using the Company's designs and
specifications, subcontractors assemble mechanical and electrical sub
components. The Company performs final assembly and testing of systems,
including configuration to customers orders and testing with current release
software, prior to shipment. The Company's manufacturing organization has
expertise in mechanical, electrical, electronic and software assembly and
testing. In addition, because quality and reliability over the life of the
Company's products are vital to customer satisfaction and repeat purchases,
the Company believes its quality assurance program to be a key component of
its business strategy.
The Company generally purchases major contracted assemblies from single
source suppliers in order to ensure high quality, prompt delivery and low
cost. The Company reviews its single source procurements on a case by case
basis and began to qualify second sources for certain contracted assemblies
in 1996. The Company purchases components, materials and electro-mechanical
subsystems from single source suppliers pursuant to purchase orders placed
from time to time in the ordinary course of business and has no guaranteed
supply arrangements with such suppliers. Moreover, in view of the high cost
of many of these components, the Company does not maintain significant
inventories of some necessary components. If the Company's suppliers were to
experience financial, operational, production or quality assurance
difficulties, the supply of components to the Company would be reduced or
interrupted. Although to date the Company has not experienced any
significant delays in obtaining any of its single source assemblies, there
can be no assurance that the Company will not face shortages of one or more
of these systems in the future.
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The Company outsources certain manufacturing processes, including
standard and build to print fabricated parts such as mechanical
subassemblies, sheet metal fabrication, cables and assembled printed circuit
boards. This strategy enables the Company to leverage product development,
manufacturing and management resources while retaining greater control over
product delivery, final product configuration and timing of new product
introductions, all of which the Company believes are critical to exceeding
customer expectations. The inability of the Company to develop alternative
sources for single or sole source components, to find alternative third party
manufacturers or subassemblers, or to obtain sufficient quantities of these
components could result in delays or interruptions in product shipments.
The Company is currently producing approximately four systems per month
and has the capacity to accommodate production of over six systems per month
in its current facility. In February 1997, the Company entered into a lease
agreement for a new headquarters and manufacturing facility. The new
facility is expected to be outfitted for occupancy in June 1997. The new
facility is expected to have an initial capacity in excess of 15 systems per
month. The Company's plans call for production levels which may be in excess
of its current facility's capacity. Any delays in the availability of the
new facility for the production of CTX 5000 systems could cause delays in
shipments of such systems to customers, which could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of
operations. See "--Business Risks--Limited Manufacturing Experience;
Management of Growth" and "Properties."
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Company's performance depends in part upon its proprietary
technology. In the United States, the Company relies upon patents, copyrights
and trade secrets for the protection of the proprietary elements of the CTX
5000 and the Company's CT technology. There can be no assurance, however,
that the Company could enforce such patents, trade secrets or copyrights.
The Company has a United States patent for automatic concealed object
detection having a pre scan stage which expires in 2010 (the "Patent") but
does not rely on the Patent. There can be no assurance that the Patent would
be effective in preventing CT based competition. In accordance with certain
Federal Acquisition Regulations included in the Company's development
contract, dated September 27, 1991 (the "FAA R&D Contract"), with the FAA,
the United States Government has rights to use certain of the Company's
proprietary technology developed after the award of the FAA R&D Contract and
funded by the FAA R&D Contract. The U.S. Government may use such rights to
produce or have produced for the U.S. Government competing products using the
Company's CT technology. In the event that the U.S. Government were to
exercise these rights, the Company's exclusivity in supplying the U.S.
Government with certified CT based explosive detection systems could be
materially adversely affected. Moreover, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1941, the
U.S. Government has the right to allow any entity to infringe a patent, trade
secret or copyright otherwise protected by federal law, and the aggrieved
party can sue only for royalties, not for injunctive relief. In the event
that the U.S. Government permits another entity to infringe on the Patent or
the Company's trade secrets or copyrights, the Company would be unable to
prevent such infringement, which may have a material adverse effect on the
Company's competitive position in the EDS market.
The Company generally enters into confidentiality agreements with each of
its employees, distributors, customers, and potential customers and limits
access to distribution of its software, documentation and other proprietary
information. There can be no assurance that these agreements will not be
breached, that the Company will have adequate remedies for any breach, or
that the Company's trade secrets will not otherwise become known to or
independently developed by others. Outside the United States, the time
period for filing a foreign counterpart of the Patent has expired, and the
Company has not sought or obtained patent protection (except to the extent of
licenses held under patents owned by Imatron, Inc., hereafter referred to as
"Imatron") and has relied to date primarily on software copyrights and trade
secrets for the protection of its proprietary technology. The absence of a
foreign counterpart to the Patent could adversely affect the Company's
ability to prevent a competitor from using technology similar to technology
used in the CTX 5000. There can be no assurance that the steps taken by the
Company to protect its proprietary technology will be adequate or that its
competitors will not be able to develop similar, functionally equivalent or
superior technology.
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The Company in the past has received, and may from time to time in the
future receive, communications from third parties alleging infringements by
the Company or one of its suppliers of patents or other intellectual
proprietary rights owned by such third parties. There can be no assurance
that any infringement claims (or claims for indemnification resulting from
infringement claims against third parties, such as customers) will not be
asserted against the Company. If the Company's product is found to infringe
a patent, a court may grant an injunction to prevent making, selling or using
the product in the applicable country. Protracted litigation may be
necessary to defend the Company against alleged infringement of others'
rights. Irrespective of the validity or success of such claims, defense of
such claims could result in significant costs to the Company and the
diversion of time and effort by management, either of which by itself could
have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and
results of operations of the Company. Further, adverse determinations in such
litigation could result in the Company's loss of proprietary rights, subject
the Company to significant liabilities (including treble damages in certain
circumstances), or prevent the Company from selling its products. If
infringement claims are asserted against the Company, the Company may seek to
obtain a license of such third party's intellectual property rights, which
may not be available under reasonable terms or at all. In addition,
litigation may be necessary to enforce patents issued to or licensed
exclusively to the Company and protect trade secrets or know how owned or
licensed by the Company and, whether or not the Company is successful in
defending such intellectual property, the Company could incur significant
costs and divert considerable management and key technician time and effort
with respect to the prosecution of such litigation.
The Company also holds an exclusive, royalty free, worldwide license from
Imatron (obtained in connection with the formation of the Company) under
Imatron's patents and know how to develop, manufacture and sell (a) systems
for the inspection of mail, freight, parcels and baggage, and (b) compact
medical scanner products for military field applications. The Company, in
exchange, granted to Imatron an exclusive, royalty free, worldwide license
under the Company's patent or future patents and know how to permit Imatron
to utilize such technology in medical scanner products (other than compact
medical scanner products for military field applications). Imatron is a
manufacturer of medical scanning systems and holds a portfolio of CT patents.
While the Company believes that its intellectual property rights are
valuable, the Company also believes that because of the rapid pace of
technological change in the industry, factors such as innovative skills,
technical expertise, the ability to adapt quickly to new technologies and
evolving customer requirements, product support, and customer relations are
of greater competitive significance.
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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
NAME AGE POSITION
- ---- --- --------
Dr. Sergio Magistri..... 44 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Sauveur Chemouni........ 42 Vice President, Engineering
Curtis P. DiSibio....... 40 Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
David Pillor............ 42 Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing
Dr. Fredrick L. Roder... 49 Vice President, Federal Systems
Dr. Benno Stebler....... 44 Vice President, Manufacturing
Stephen Wolff........... 38 Vice President, Marketing & Product Development
DR. SERGIO MAGISTRI has served as President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director of the Company since December 1992. From June 1991 to November
1992, he was a Project Manager with AGIE, Switzerland, a manufacturer of high
precision tooling equipment, responsible for all aspects of a family of new
products for high precision electro erosion machining with sub micron
precision. From 1988 to June 1991, Dr. Magistri was a consultant to high
technology companies, including FI.M.A.I. Holding, S.A. As a consultant to
FI.M.A.I., Dr. Magistri was involved in the formation of the Company and the
development of its business plan and of its technology. From 1983 to 1988,
Dr. Magistri held various positions with Imatron, Inc. ("Imatron"), a CT
medical scanner company, including as an Engineering Physicist and Manager of
Advanced Reconstruction Systems, and Director of Computer Engineering at
Imatron. Dr. Magistri holds a degree in Electrical Engineering and a
doctorate in Biomedical Engineering from the Swiss Institute of Technology,
Zurich, Switzerland.
SAUVEUR CHEMOUNI joined the Company in 1990 as Manager and became
Director of Engineering in January 1994. He has served as Vice President of
Engineering since September 1995. From 1988 to 1990, he was with Imatron,
where he was instrumental in the development of the Company's original EDS
capability. From 1983 to 1988, he was the owner of a computer graphics
company. Mr. Chemouni holds a degree in physics and a Masters degree in
Computer Sciences from Supelec, Paris, France.
CURTIS P. DISIBIO has served as Vice President, Finance and
Administration of the Company since April 1991 and Chief Financial Officer
since March 1993. From 1980 to 1986, Mr. DiSibio worked in public accounting.
In 1986 Mr. DiSibio served as controller of Trilogy Systems Corporation
("Trilogy"), a development stage mainframe computer company, and was involved
in the sale of Trilogy's operations to Digital Equipment Corporation. From
1987 to 1990, Mr. DiSibio held various positions including Treasurer and
Chief Financial Officer of ELXSI Corporation, a publicly traded mini super
computer company which Trilogy had acquired. Mr. DiSibio received a Masters
degree in Business Administration from Santa Clara University.
DAVID M. PILLOR joined the Company in July 1994 as Vice President, Sales
and Marketing, and has served as Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing
since November 1995. From 1988 to July 1994, Mr. Pillor held various
positions including Area Sales Manager, National Sales Manager and Vice
President of Sales of Technomed International, a medical products company.
Mr. Pillor holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry from the
University of Maryland.
DR. FREDRICK L. RODER has served as Vice President, Federal Systems, of
the Company since January 1997, following the acquisition of Imatron Federal
Systems, Inc. ("IFS") by the Company. From June 1991 to December 1996, he
served as President of IFS and as Prime Contractor and Principal Investigator
on FAA research and development contracts. From 1986 until 1991, he served as
Director, New Product Development, of Imatron. He holds a Bachelor of Science
degree in Physics from City College of New York, a Masters degree in Physics
from Yeshiva University and a doctorate in Nuclear Science and Engineering
from Catholic University of America.
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DR. BENNO STEBLER joined the Company in May 1991 as Vice President,
Engineering, and has served as Vice President, Manufacturing, of the Company
since September 1995. From 1989 to 1991, Dr. Stebler served as Staff Engineer
at Toshiba America, a consumer electronics company. From 1986 to 1989, Dr.
Stebler served in various positions at Imatron including Software Manager of
the Compact Medical Scanner, a predecessor to the CTX 5000. Dr. Stebler holds
a diploma of Electrical Engineering and a doctorate in Biomedical Engineering
from the Swiss Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
STEPHEN WOLFF joined the Company in 1990 first as Manager and then as
Director, Marketing & Product Development, and has served as Vice President,
Marketing & Product Development, of the Company since October 1995. From 1981
to 1990, Mr. Wolff held various positions at Science Applications
International, Corp., a government research contractor, including Project
Coordinator for development of a Prototype Thermal Neutron Analysis explosive
detection system. Mr. Wolff was also principal investigator for an FAA
sponsored testing program for weapons detection technology. Mr. Wolff holds a
Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from Imperial College,
London, England and a Masters degree in Chemical Engineering from Stanford
University.
EMPLOYEES
As of March 1, 1997, the Company employed 127 people, of whom 35 were
primarily engaged in research and development activities, 22 in marketing and
sales, customer support and field service, 23 in manufacturing and 20 in
administration and finance. In addition, the Company utilized the services of
27 full time consultants and temporary employees in 1996. Management believes
that the Company's relationship with its employees is good.
The Company's performance depends in part on the expertise of certain
technical personnel with skills in the disciplines of x-ray physics, image
reconstruction and expert systems design. In addition, much of the Company's
proprietary technology is known only by certain technical employees and might
be unavailable should such individuals leave the Company. The number of
scientists qualified to perform the development required by the Company is
extremely limited.
BUSINESS RISKS
HISTORY OF LOSSES; NO ASSURANCE OF PROFITABILITY
The Company commenced operations in September 1990, remained in the
development stage through 1994 and received its first revenues from product
sales in the first quarter in 1995. The Company has experienced net losses
for each quarter and year since inception and, as of December 31, 1996, had
an accumulated deficit of approximately $19.5 million. There can be no
assurance that the Company will achieve profitability on a quarterly or
annual basis or, if it is achieved, that profitability can be maintained.
The Company expects to expend its manufacturing, research and development,
sales and marketing, and administrative capabilities. The anticipated
increase in the Company's operating expenses caused by this expansion could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition
and results of operations if revenues do not increase at an equal or greater
rate.
FLUCTUATIONS IN OPERATING RESULTS
The Company's past operating results have been, and its future operating
results will be, subject to fluctuations resulting from a number of factors,
including: the timing and size of orders from, and shipments to, major
customers; budgeting and purchasing cycles of its customers; delays in
product shipments caused by custom requirements of customers or ability of
the customer to accept shipment; the timing of enhancements to the CTX 5000
by the Company or new products by its competitors; changes in pricing
policies by the Company, its competitors or suppliers, including possible
decreases in average selling prices of the CTX 5000 in response to
competitive pressures; the proportion of revenues derived from competitive
bid processes; the mix between sales to domestic and international customers;
market acceptance of enhanced versions of the CTX 5000; the availability
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and cost of key components; the availability of manufacturing capacity; and
fluctuations in general economic conditions. The Company also may choose to
reduce prices or to increase spending in response to competition or to pursue
new market opportunities, all of which may have a material adverse effect on
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. The
Company's systems revenues in any period are derived from sales of multiple
CTX 5000 systems to a limited number of customers and are recognized upon
shipment which, in addition to the high cost of one CTX 5000 causes minor
variations in the number of orders, or the timing of shipments, to
substantially affect the Company's quarterly revenues. Because a significant
portion of the Company's quarterly operating expenses are, and will continue
to be, relatively fixed in nature, such revenue fluctuations will cause the
Company's quarterly and annual operating results to vary substantially.
Accordingly, the Company believes that period to period comparisons of its
results of operations are not meaningful and cannot be relied upon as
indications of future performance. Because of all of the foregoing factors,
the Company's operating results may be below the expectations of public
market analysts and investors in some future quarters, which would likely
result in a decline in the trading price of the Common Stock.
SINGLE PRODUCT; UNCERTAINTY OF MARKET ACCEPTANCE
The CTX 5000 currently is the only product offered by the Company and the
Company derives substantially all of its revenues from the sale of CTX 5000
units. The Company's orders to date have been received from a limited number
of customers and the substantial majority of these have been from a single
customer, the FAA. The commercial success of the CTX 5000 will depend upon
its acceptance by domestic and international airports, government agencies
and airlines as a useful and cost effective alternative to less expensive,
higher throughput (i.e. bags per hour) competing products employing different
technologies. The large capital commitment (approximately $1.0 million)
required to purchase the CTX 5000 may limit the marketability of the CTX
5000. In addition, the Company's failure to compete successfully with respect
to throughput, the ability to scan all sizes of baggage, the ease of
integration of the CTX 5000 into existing baggage handling systems and other
factors could delay, limit or prevent market acceptance of the CTX 5000.
Moreover, the market for EDS technology is largely undeveloped, and the
Company believes that the overall demand for EDS technology will depend
significantly upon public perception of the risk of terrorist attacks. There
can be no assurance that the public will perceive the threat of terrorist
bombings to be substantial or that the airline industry and governmental
agencies will actively pursue EDS technology. As a result, there can be no
assurance the Company will be able to achieve market penetration, revenue
growth or profitability. See "Competition" and "Industry Background."
LIMITED MANUFACTURING EXPERIENCE; MANAGEMENT OF GROWTH
As of March 1, 1997, the Company had produced a total of 36 CTX 5000
systems and had not sustained then current production levels for any
significant period of time. As a result of the FAA's recent order of 54 CTX
5000 systems, the Company is in the process of substantially increasing its
rate of manufacture of the CTX 5000, which has placed significant demands on
the Company's management, working capital and financial and management
control systems. Failure to upgrade the Company's operating, management and
financial control systems when necessary, or difficulties encountered during
such upgrades, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations. The success of the
increase in production capability will depend in part upon the Company's
ability to continue to improve and expand its engineering and technical
resources and to attract, retain and motivate key personnel. The failure of
the Company to establish such production capability or to increase its
revenues sufficiently to compensate for the increase in operating expenses
resulting from current or any future expansion would have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations.
To accommodate the recent increase in the manufacturing rate, the Company
has entered into a lease for a new, substantially larger, manufacturing
facility. The ability of the Company to successfully transition its
manufacturing operation to this new facility is subject to a variety of
factors, including the ability to install appropriate equipment, adapt to a
new working environment, and quickly and efficiently move to the new
facility. The operations of this new facility will also require the Company
to incur substantially larger fixed costs than it has experienced in the
past. Unforeseen delays and complications that may arise in the transition to
the new facility
15.
<PAGE>
which could interrupt the Company's manufacturing rate, failure of the FAA to
perform under the December 1996 purchase contract, or failure to maintain an
order rate sufficient to fully utilize this new manufacturing facility each
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial
condition and results of operations. See "--Customers," "--Manufacturing" and
"Properties."
PRODUCT LIABILITY RISKS; RISK OF FAILURE TO DETECT EXPLOSIVES;
AVAILABILITY OF INSURANCE
The Company's business exposes it to potential product liability risks
which are inherent in the manufacturing and sale of explosive detection
systems. There are many factors beyond the control of the Company that could
lead to liability claims, such as the reliability of the customer's
operators, the training of the operators after the initial installation and
training period, and the maintenance of the units by the customers. For these
and other reasons, there can be no assurance that the units will detect all
explosives hidden in the luggage scanned. The Company does not believe that
it would be liable for any such claims, but the cost of defending any such
claims would be significant and any adverse determination may be in excess of
the Company's insurance coverage. Moreover, the failure of the CTX 5000 to
detect an explosive would also result in negative publicity which could have
a material adverse effect on sales and may cause customers to cancel orders
already placed, either of which could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, financial condition and results of operations. Many of
the Company's customers require the Company to maintain insurance at certain
levels. The Company currently has product liability insurance in the amount
of $150 million. There can be no assurance that additional insurance
coverage, if required by customers or otherwise, could be obtained on
acceptable terms, if at all.
CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP; CONTROL BY MANAGEMENT
As of March 1, 1997, the Company's principal stockholder, HARAX Holding,
S.A. ("HARAX"), and its affiliates hold approximately 35.2% of the Company's
Common Stock, and the present directors and executive officers of the Company
and their affiliates, in the aggregate, beneficially own 17.8% of the
outstanding Common Stock, in each case including shares issuable pursuant to
stock options exercisable within 60 days of the date hereof. Consequently,
HARAX together with the Company's directors and executive officers, acting in
concern, have the ability to significantly affect the election of the
Company's directors and have a significant effect on the outcome of
corporation actions requiring stockholder approval. In addition, HARAX,
acting along, has the power to significantly affect matters relating to the
Company's affairs and business.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT
On March 14, 1997, the Company filed a registration statement with the
Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with a proposed underwritten
public offering of 3,125,000 shares of Common Stock (the "Proposed
Underwritten Offering"). Of such shares, 1,875,000 shares will be offered by
the Company and 1,250,000 shares will be offered by certain selling
stockholders. Offers and sales of the shares in the Proposed Underwritten
Offering will be made by a separate Prospectus.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
The Company's principal administrative, marketing, development and
manufacturing facility is located in Foster City, California and consists of
approximately 27,000 square feet under a lease which expires in October 1998.
The Company has an option to extend the lease for one year. The base rent
under this lease is approximately $300,000 per year. In March, 1997 the
Company entered into a lease for new principal corporate offices and
manufacturing facilities in Newark, California, which consists of
approximately 95,000 square feet under a lease which expires in May 2007. The
Company has an option to extend the lease for five years. The initial base
rent under this lease is approximately $672,000 per year. The Company
anticipates relocating to this new facility upon completion of tenant
improvements, currently scheduled for June 1997. Management believes that the
new facilities will be sufficient to satisfy the Company's administrative and
manufacturing needs for the foreseeable future.
16.
<PAGE>
The Company's manufacturing facility is currently producing approximately
four systems per month and has the capacity to accommodate production of over
six systems per month. The new facility is expected to have a capacity in
excess of 15 systems per month before the implementation of activities for
manufacturing cycle time reduction and multiple shifts.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
The Company is not a party to any material legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
Not applicable.
17.
<PAGE>
PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
MARKET INFORMATION
On April 23, 1996, the Common Stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market under the symbol "INVN". Prior to that date, there was no
public market for the Common Stock. The following table sets forth, for the
periods indicated, the high and low bid quotations of the Common Stock as
reported on the Nasdaq SmallCap Market giving effect to the Company's 2-for-1
stock split effected on February 7, 1997 as if the stock split had occurred
on April 23, 1996. These over-the-counter quotations reflect inter-dealer
prices, without retail markup, markdown or commission, and may not
necessarily represent the sales prices in actual transactions.
THE NASDAQ
SMALLCAP MARKET
--------------------
HIGH LOW
------- -------
Fiscal 1996
Second Quarter (from April 23, 1996).......... $ 6 5/8 $5 5/8
Third Quarter................................. 17 1/16 4 5/8
Fourth Quarter................................ 17 5/16 10 7/8
On March 25, 1997, the last sale price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq
SmallCap Market was $16.00 per share. On March 1, 1997 there were 176
stockholders of record of Common Stock, and the Company believes its shares
were held beneficially by approximately 4,000 owners on such date. In
connection with the Proposed Underwritten Offering, the Company has made
application for inclusion of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market;
however, there can be no assurance that such application will be approved.
DIVIDENDS
The Company has never declared or paid cash dividends on its Common Stock
and it is currently the intention of the Board of Directors not to pay cash
dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company plans to retain earnings,
if any, to finance its operations. In addition, the Company's bank credit
facility prohibits the payment of dividends without the lender's consent.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
From January 1, 1996 through December 31, 1996, the Company sold and
issued the following unregistered securities:
(1) On July 1, 1996, the Company issued 4,546 shares of Common Stock to
Scot Land in consideration of a three way release among himself, the Company
and the Italimprese Group.
(2) On August 23, 1996, the Company issued 479,318 shares of Common
Stock to Anaconda Opportunity Fund ("Anaconda") following the exercise of a
warrant. The warrant was issued to a predecessor-in-interest to Anaconda in
connection with a certain Bridge Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of
December 28, 1995, entered into between the Company and Anaconda Partners,
L.P. (the "Bridge Loan"). Under the terms of the warrant 454,544 shares were
exercisable at a price of $4.40 per share and 63,636 shares were exercisable
at a price of $5.50 per share.
18.
<PAGE>
(3) In August 1996, the Company issued 38,862 shares to LEO Holdings,
Inc. ("LEO") following exercise of a warrant originally issued to Anaconda in
connection with the Bridge Loan and transferred to LEO. Under the terms of
the warrant 34,090 shares were exercisable at a price of $4.40 per share and
4,772 shares were exercisable at a price of $5.50 per share.
(4) On November 12, 1996, the Company issued 183,750 shares of Common
Stock to EG&G International, Ltd. at a price of $10.88 per share.
(5) On December 31, 1996, the Company issued 32,000 shares of Common
Stock to Fredrick L. Roder in consideration of all of the outstanding common
voting stock of Imatron Federal Systems, Inc.
The sales and issuances of securities described in paragraphs 1 through 5
above were made to "Accredited Investors" as such term is defined under Rule
501 of the Securities Act and were therefore deemed to be exempt from
registration under the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(2) and Rule 506
of the Securities Act.
Appropriate legends are affixed to the stock certificates issued in the
aforementioned transactions. Similar legends were imposed in connection with
any subsequent sales of any such securities except sales of shares by LEO as
resale of these shares was registered pursuant to a registration statement
declared effective on June 7, 1996. All recipients either received adequate
information about the Registrant or had access, through employment or other
relationships, to such information.
THE INFORMATION REQUIRED BY ITEMS 6, 7 AND 8 IS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
TO THE COMPANY'S ANNUAL REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1996 (THE "ANNUAL REPORT") UNDER THE SAME HEADINGS AS FOLLOWS:
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
None.
19.
<PAGE>
PART III.
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT.
The information required by Item 10 is incorporated by reference to the
Proxy Statement under the caption "Proposal No. 1--Election of
Directors--Nominees." For the information required as to Executive Officers,
see Part I, "Item 1. Business--Executive Officers."
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
The information required by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the
Proxy Statement under the captions "Proposal No. 1--Election of Directors"
and "Executive Compensation."
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.
The information required by Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the
Proxy Statement under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial
Owners and Management."
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.
The information required by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the
Proxy Statement under the captions "Proposal No. 1--Election of Directors"
and "Certain Transactions."
20.
<PAGE>
PART IV.
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
(a)(1) List of Financial Statements
The following is a list of the financial statements of The
Registrant appearing in the Annual Report and incorporated herein
by reference under Item 8, above:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1995
and 1996
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years
Ended December 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years
Ended December 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)
for the Years Ended December 31, 1994, 1995 and 1996
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a)(2) List of Financial Statement Schedules
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the
required information is shown in the Financial Statements or in the
notes thereto.
(a)(3) Exhibits:
3.1+ Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Registrant.
3.2+ Bylaws of Registrant.
4.1 Reference is made to Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2.
4.2+ Representative's Warrant Agreement.
10.1+ Technology License Agreement, dated September 11, 1990, by
and between the Registrant and Imatron, Inc.
10.2+ Stockholders Agreement for the Formation of the Registrant,
dated as of August 13, 1990, between Imatron and
FI.M.A.I and Amendment, dated as of September 7, 1990,
as amended by the Termination Agreement, dated as of
December 9, 1992 among the Registrant, FI.M.A.I and Imatron.
10.3+ Lease, dated as of May 20, 1992, as amended May 4, 1995,
between the Registrant and BVY Group.
10.4+ Registrant's Equity Incentive Plan, dated March 9, 1996.
10.5+ Registrant's 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, dated
March 9, 1996.
10.6+ Warrant to Purchase Stock pursuant to the Bridge Loan
Financing Agreement, dated as of December 28, 1995, by
and between the Registrant and Anaconda Partners, L.P.
10.7+ Standby Financing Agreement, dated as of July 26, 1991, by
and between the Company and FI.M.A.I.
10.10+ Investor Rights Agreement, dated as of December 29, 1995, by
and between the Registrant and Kay's Corporation.
10.12* Lease, dated as of February 11, 1997, between the Registrant
and WHLNF Real Estate L.P.
10.13* Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 24, 1996, between
the Registrant and the U.S. Federal Aviation
Administration.
10.15* Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 12, 1996,
between the Registrant and EG&G International, Ltd.
10.16* Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 31, 1996,
between the Registrant and Fredrick L. Roder.
10.17* Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of February 20, 1997,
between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank.
10.18* Revolving Promissory Note, dated February 20, 1997, between
the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank.
10.19* Export-Import Bank Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of
February 20, 1997, between the Registrant and Silicon
Valley Bank.
10.20* Intellectual Property Security Agreement, dated as of
February 20, 1997, between the Registration and Silicon
Valley Bank.
10.21* Key Employee Agreement, dated April 21, 1994, between the
Registrant and Curtis P. DiSibio.
10.22* Key Employee Agreement, dated April 22, 1994, between the
Registrant and Sergio Magistri, and amendment thereto,
dated October 16, 1995.
21.
<PAGE>
10.23* Key Employee Agreement, dated March 1, 1996, between the
Registrant and David M. Pillor.
10.24* Key Employee Agreement, dated April 21, 1994, between the
Registrant and Benno Stebler.
11.1* Statement of computation regarding per share earnings.
13.1 Excerpt from the Registrant's Annual Report to Stockholders
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996 containing
Selected Financial Data, Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,
Financial Statements and Notes to the Financial Statements.
23.1 Consent of Price Waterhouse LLP.
___________
(+) Filed as an exhibit to Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (No. 333-380) or amendments thereto and
incorporated herein by reference.
* Filed as an exhibit to Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (No. 333-23413) and incorporated herein by
reference.
(b) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
The Registrant filed no reports on Form 8-K during the last quarter
of the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996.
(c) See Exhibits listed under Item 14(a)(3)
(d) The financial statement schedules required by the Item are listed
under Item 14(a)(2).
22.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
In accordance with the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual
Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly organized, on the 30th day of March 1997.
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By: /S/ SERGIO MAGISTRI
---------------------------------------------
Sergio Magistri
President and Chief Executive Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints Sergio Magistri and Curtis P. DiSibio
or either of them, his or her attorney-in-fact, each with the power of
substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any
amendments to this Report, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and
other documents in connections therewith, with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said
attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause
to be done by virtue hereof.
In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of
the Registrant in the capacities and on the dates stated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
<S> <C> <C>
/S/ SERGIO MAGISTRI President, Chief Executive Officer and Director March 30, 1997
- ------------------------- (PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER)
Sergio Magistri
/S/ CURTIS P. DISIBIO Vice President and Chief Financial Officer March 30, 1997
- ------------------------- (PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER)
Curtis P. DiSibio
/S/ DOUGLAS P. BOYD Director March 30, 1997
- -------------------------
Douglas P. Boyd
/S/ GIOVANNI LANZARA Director March 30, 1997
- -------------------------
Giovanni Lanzara
/S/ BRUNO TREZZA Director March 30, 1997
- -------------------------
Bruno Trezza
</TABLE>
23.
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 13.1
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth for the periods and the dates indicated
certain financial data which should be read in conjunction with "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and
the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere
herein. The statement of operations data for each of the three fiscal years in
the period ended December 31, 1996, and the balance sheet data at December 31,
1995 and 1996, are derived from the consolidated financial statements of the
Company which have been audited by Price Waterhouse LLP, independent
accountants, and are included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The statement of
operations data for the years ended December 31, 1992 and 1993 and the balance
sheet data at December 31, 1992, 1993, and 1994 are derived from audited
financial statements not otherwise contained herein.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(In thousands, except per share data)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Revenues................................................. $ -- $ -- $ -- $ 9,066 $ 15,841
Cost of revenues......................................... -- -- -- 6,777 9,736
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Gross profit........................................... -- -- -- 2,289 6,105
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Operating expenses:
Research and development(1)............................ 744 1,424 1,582 1,940 2,785
Sales and marketing.................................... 242 520 664 1,866 2,976
General and administrative............................. 1,058 1,081 1,078 1,471 2,577
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Total operating expenses............................. 2,044 3,025 3,324 5,277 8,338
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Loss from operations..................................... (2,044) (3,025) (3,324) (2,988)(2) (2,233)(2)
Interest expense......................................... (162) (288) (410) (338) (1,511)(3)
Other income, net........................................ 10 6 7 34 172
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss................................................. $ (2,196) $ (3,307) $ (3,727) $ (3,292) $ (3,572)
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Net loss per share(4).................................... $ (0.50) $ (0.44)
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
Weighted average shares outstanding(4)................... 6,642 8,142
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------------------
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(In thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash..................................................... $ 562 $ 212 $ 2,241 $ 1,927 $ 2,363
Working capital (deficit)................................ (2,365) (4,759) (4,893) (3,477) 7,380
Total assets............................................. 1,804 1,950 4,646 7,316 15,256
Long-term liabilities.................................... -- -- -- 34 110
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)..................... (1,696) (3,983) (4,224) (2,522) 9,074
</TABLE>
- ------------------------------
(1) Net of amounts reimbursed by the FAA of $3,099,000, $1,518,000, $821,000,
$593,000, and $1,476,000, respectively, during 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, and
1996. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) The Company recorded non-cash charges related to grants of stock options
having exercise prices below the fair market value on the date of grant to
employees and directors in the amounts of $369,000 and $489,000,
respectively, in 1995 and 1996. See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
(3) The Company recorded a non-cash charge resulting from amortization of a
discount in connection with the Warrants in the amount of $1.3 million in
1996. See Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(4) See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for an explanation
of the method used to compute per share amounts.
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION MAY CONTAIN FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WHICH
INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES. WHEN USED IN THIS DISCUSSION, THE WORDS
"ANTICIPATE," "BELIEVE," "ESTIMATE," AND "EXPECT" AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS AS
THEY RELATE TO THE COMPANY OR ITS MANAGEMENT ARE INTENDED TO IDENTIFY SUCH
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THE COMPANY'S ACTUAL RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR
ACHIEVEMENTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THE RESULTS EXPRESSED IN, OR IMPLIED
BY, THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE OR CONTRIBUTE TO
SUCH DIFFERENCES INCLUDE RISKS RELATED TO MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF THE COMPANY'S
SINGLE PRODUCT, FLUCTUATIONS IN THE COMPANY'S QUARTERLY AND ANNUAL OPERATING
RESULTS, THE LOSS OF ORDERS OF THE COMPANY'S PRODUCT, INCLUDING THE LOSS OF THE
COMPANY'S MOST RECENT ORDER FROM THE FAA, LOSS OF ANY OF THE COMPANY'S SOLE
SOURCE SUPPLIERS, INTENSE COMPETITION, RELIANCE ON LARGE ORDERS, CONCENTRATION
OF THE COMPANY'S CUSTOMERS, RISKS RELATED TO THE LENGTHY SALES CYCLES FOR THE
CTX 5000, BUDGETING LIMITATIONS OF THE COMPANY'S CUSTOMERS AND PROSPECTIVE
CUSTOMERS, AND THE RISKS RELATED TO THE COMPANY'S LIMITED MANUFACTURING
EXPERIENCE, AS WELL AS THOSE DISCUSSED IN THE COMPANY'S ANNUAL REPORT ON
FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996.
OVERVIEW
InVision designs, manufactures and markets an explosive detection system
based on advanced CT technology. The Company was formed in September 1990 to
design and develop the CTX 5000 and remained in the development stage through
December 1994. In June 1994, the Company received its first commercial order for
a CTX 5000 system from the Brussels International Airport in Belgium, and since
such time has received orders for a total of 87 systems, of which a total of 30
had been shipped as of March 1, 1997. For the fiscal year ended December 31,
1996, the Company had revenues of $15.8 million, and at March 1, 1997 had orders
in backlog in the amount of $55.0 million.
The Company considers research and development to be a vital part of its
operating discipline and continues to dedicate substantial resources to research
to enhance the performance, functionality and reliability of its CTX 5000
hardware and software. At March 1, 1997, the Company had 35 full-time employees
engaged in research and development activities, and also was using the services
of 8 specialized contract employees and consultants in this area. Beginning in
1991, total research and development expenditures by the Company have been
partially offset by amounts reimbursed by the FAA under development contracts
and grants. The Company believes that investment in research and development in
absolute dollars will increase substantially to meet its future needs regardless
of the level of funding received from the FAA. During the year ended December
31, 1996, the Company spent $4.3 million on research and development activities,
of which $1.5 million was funded by the FAA under development contracts and
grants. To the extent that FAA contract and grant receipts decline in the
future, research and development expenses borne by the Company would increase,
and the Company expects that its results of operations would be adversely
impacted.
The Company markets its products both directly through internal sales
personnel and indirectly through authorized agents, distributors and systems
integrators. In the United States, the Company markets its CTX 5000 primarily
through direct sales personnel. Internationally, the Company utilizes both a
direct sales force and authorized agents to sell its products. During the years
ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, international sales represented 76.2% and
89.2%, respectively, of the Company's revenues.
The sales cycle of the CTX 5000 is often lengthy due to the protracted
approval process that typically accompanies large capital expenditures and the
time required to manufacture the CTX 5000 and install and assimilate the CTX
5000. Typically, six to twelve months may elapse between a new customer's
initial evaluation of the Company's system and the execution of a contract.
Another three months to a year may elapse prior to shipment of the CTX 5000 as
the customer site is prepared and the CTX 5000 is manufactured. During this
period the Company expends substantial funds and management resources but
recognizes no associated
<PAGE>
revenue.
The Company recognizes revenue on shipment unless extended acceptance
criteria exist, in which case revenue is recognized upon achievement of such
acceptance criteria. The Company typically requires significant customer
deposits and progress payments in advance of shipment on customer purchase
orders. Provision for estimated installation, training and warranty costs is
recorded at the time revenue is recognized. Systems typically carry a one-year
warranty.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain income and expenditure items from the
Company's consolidated statement of operations expressed as a percentage of
revenues for the periods indicated. Information for 1994 has been omitted as the
Company did not recognize revenue in that year.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1995 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenues.................................................................. 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of revenues.......................................................... 74.8 61.5
--------- ---------
Gross profit............................................................ 25.3 38.5
--------- ---------
Operating expenses:
Research and development................................................ 21.4 17.6
Sales and marketing..................................................... 20.6 18.8
General and administrative.............................................. 16.2 16.3
--------- ---------
Total operating expenses.............................................. 58.2 52.6
--------- ---------
Loss from operations...................................................... (33.0) (14.1)
Interest expense.......................................................... (3.7) (9.5)
Other income, net......................................................... 0.4 1.1
--------- ---------
Net loss.................................................................. (36.3)% (22.6)%
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
COMPARISON OF FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996, 1995 AND 1994
REVENUES. The Company's revenues are comprised of system revenues, which
include sales of the CTX 5000, accessories, installation and configuration, and
maintenance related to product support.
Revenues increased by 74.7% to $15.8 million in 1996 from $9.0 million in
1995. The increase in 1996 revenues is attributable to increased sales of the
CTX 5000, reflecting a 63.6% increase in unit shipments to 18 units in 1996 from
11 units in 1995 and, to a lesser extent, changes in product configuration
leading to an increase in the average selling price per unit and sales of add-on
products to current customers. There were no revenues recorded in 1994.
GROSS PROFIT. Cost of revenues primarily consists of purchased materials
procured for use in the assembly of the Company's products, as well as
manufacturing labor, overhead and warranty costs. In any given period the
Company's gross profit may be affected by several factors, including product
configuration, location of the installation, and complexity of integration into
various airport environments.
Gross profit increased by 167% to $6.1 million in 1996 from $2.3 million in
1995. Gross margins were 38.5% in 1996 and 25.3% in 1995. The increase in gross
margins was primarily caused by lower unit costs resulting from increased
manufacturing efficiency and reduced overhead cost per unit due to increased
volume, as well as changes in product configurations leading to an increase in
the average selling price. Increased operating
<PAGE>
efficiencies resulting from a larger installed base also reduced the average
cost of maintenance and warranty service. There was no gross profit in 1994.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenditures consist
primarily of compensation paid to personnel engaged in research and development
activities, amounts paid for outside services, and costs of materials utilized
in the development of hardware products, including prototype units. All software
and hardware development costs are expensed as incurred. Beginning in 1991,
total research and development expenditures by the Company have been partially
offset by amounts reimbursed by the FAA under development contracts and grants.
The Company believes that investment in research and development in absolute
dollars will increase substantially to meet its future needs regardless of the
level of funding received from the FAA.
During 1996, 1995 and 1994, the Company was entitled to reimbursements of
$1.5 million, $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, under research and
development contracts and grants from the FAA to develop and enhance the CTX
5000. Such reimbursements have been reflected as a reduction to research and
development expense in each period presented. Billings are rendered to the FAA
monthly on the basis of actual costs incurred.
Total research and development expenditures increased by 68.2% to $4.3
million in 1996 from $2.5 million in 1995 and by 5.4% in 1995 from $2.4 million
in 1994. Of these amounts, $1.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively, were
funded by research and development contracts and grants from the FAA in 1996 and
1995. As a percentage of revenues, total research and development expenditures
remained at approximately 27.3% for both 1996 and 1995. In 1996, the increase in
total expenditures reflects the effects of personnel additions, costs of
prototype development, efforts to increase throughput and develop systems for
more effective airport integration, and conceptual design.
SALES AND MARKETING. Sales and marketing expenditures consist primarily of
compensation paid to direct and indirect sales and marketing personnel, payments
to consultants, travel related to the sales process, and other selling and
distribution costs.
Sales and marketing expenditures increased by 59.5% to $3.0 million in 1996
from $1.9 million in 1995 and by 181% in 1995 from $0.7 million in 1994. As a
percentage of revenues, sales and marketing expenses declined to 18.8% in 1996
from 20.6% in 1995. The increased levels of expenditures in absolute dollars for
1996 and 1995 reflect increased selling costs associated with the higher unit
sales, including foreign travel, trade shows, public relations and commissions.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. General and administrative expenses consist
primarily of compensation paid to administrative personnel, including directors,
payments to consultants, professional service fees, and travel and other general
expenses.
General and administrative expenses increased by 75.2% to $2.6 million in
1996 from $1.5 million in 1995 and by 36.5% in 1995 from $1.1 million in 1994.
As a percentage of revenues, general and administrative expenses were 16.3% for
1996 and 16.2% for 1995. The increase in absolute dollars in 1996 reflects
increased costs of operating as a public company. In addition, the increases for
1996 and 1995 reflect additions to support capabilities required by the growth
in revenues and corporate headcount.
INTEREST EXPENSE. Interest expense increased to $1.5 million in 1996 from
$0.3 million in 1995 and decreased in 1995 from $0.4 million in 1994. Interest
expense in 1996 reflects the effect of $1.3 million of amortization of the fair
market value of warrants issued in connection with a bridge loan obtained in
December 1995. Interest expense during 1995 and 1994 resulted directly from
short-term debt outstanding during each period.
INCOME TAXES. At December 31, 1996 the Company had federal net operating
loss carryforwards of approximately $11.0 million available to reduce future
federal taxable income. The Company's net operating loss carryforwards expire
from 2005 to 2011. As a result of changes in ownership that occurred in the 1995
<PAGE>
financings, future utilization of certain of the Company's carryforwards are
limited to not more than approximately $0.5 million per year.
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of operations
data for the four fiscal quarters in each of the years ended December 31, 1995
and 1996. This data is unaudited but, in the opinion of the Company's
management, reflects all of the adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring
adjustments) necessary for fair presentation of this information in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. The operating results for any
quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEP. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEP. 30, DEC. 31,
1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
(In thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues................... $ 892 $ 2,520 $ 3,057 $ 2,597 $ 3,932 $ 3,555 $ 3,959 $ 4,395
Cost of revenues........... 658 1,685 2,088 2,346 2,453 2,188 2,232 2,863
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
Gross profit............. 234 835 969 251 1,479 1,367 1,727 1,532
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
Operating expenses:
Research and
development............ 351 412 521 656 595 481 615 1,094
Sales and marketing...... 222 464 571 609 597 638 758 983
General and
administrative......... 294 257 419 501 472 674 730 701
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
Total operating
expenses............. 867 1,133 1,511 1,766 1,664 1,793 2,103 2,778
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
Loss from operations....... (633) (298) (542) (1,515) (185) (426) (376) (1,246)
Interest expense........... (125) (95) (65) (53) (1,040)(1) (455)(1) (7) (9)
Other income, net.......... 12 7 11 4 10 51 61 50
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
Net loss................... $ (746) $ (386) $ (596) $ (1,564) $ (1,215) $ (830) $ (322) $ (1,205)
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
Net loss per share......... $ (0.12) $ (0.06) $ (0.09) $ (0.23) $ (0.17) $ (0.11) $ (0.04) $ (0.13)
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
----------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------
Weighted average shares
outstanding............... 6,323 6,438 6,929 6,876 7,081 7,816 8,650 9,023
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) The Company recorded noncash charges of $0.9 million and $0.4 million in the
quarters ended March 31, 1996 and June 30, 1996, respectively, resulting
from amortization of a bridge loan warrant discount.
<PAGE>
The following table sets forth, as a percentage of revenues, certain
consolidated statements of operations data for the four fiscal quarters in each
of the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1996.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEP. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEP. 30,
1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996 1996
----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues.......................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of revenues.................. 73.8 66.9 68.3 90.3 62.4 61.5 56.4
----- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----- -----
Gross profit.................... 26.2 33.1 31.7 9.7 37.6 38.5 43.6
Operating expenses:
Research and development........ 39.3 16.3 17.0 25.3 15.1 13.5 15.5
Sales and marketing............. 24.9 18.4 18.7 23.5 15.2 17.9 19.1
General and administrative...... 33.0 10.2 13.7 19.3 12.0 19.0 18.4
----- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses...... 97.2 45.0 49.4 68.0 42.3 50.4 53.1
----- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----- -----
Loss from operations.............. (71.0) (11.8) (17.7) (58.3) (4.7) (12.0) (9.5)
Interest expense.................. (14.0) (3.8) (2.1) (2.0) (26.4) (12.8) (0.2)
Other income, net................. 1.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 1.4 1.5
----- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net loss.......................... (83.6)% (15.3)% (19.5)% (60.2)% (30.9)% (23.3)% (8.1)%
----- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----- -----
----- ----- --------- ----- ----- ----- -----
<CAPTION>
DEC. 31,
1996
-----------
<S> <C>
Revenues.......................... 100.0%
Cost of revenues.................. 65.1
-----
Gross profit.................... 34.9
Operating expenses:
Research and development........ 24.9
Sales and marketing............. 22.4
General and administrative...... 15.9
-----
Total operating expenses...... 63.2
-----
Loss from operations.............. (28.4)
Interest expense.................. (0.2)
Other income, net................. 1.1
-----
Net loss.......................... (27.4)%
-----
-----
</TABLE>
The Company's quarterly revenues have fluctuated significantly in the past
and are expected to fluctuate significantly in the future. These fluctuations
are the result of a variety of factors, including the Company's delivery cycle,
variations in product configuration, timing of orders, and suitability of client
sites. The Company's cost of revenues fluctuates from quarter to quarter
consistent with fluctuations in such revenues. In addition, the Company's gross
margins may be affected by, among other factors, the configuration of systems
sold, the mix between system and add-on sales, and the breakdown between
domestic and international sales. During 1996, as the number of orders shipped
and associated revenues increased, the overall variability of the Company's
gross profits decreased.
The Company has experienced operating and net losses in each of the eight
fiscal quarters in the years 1995 and 1996. There can be no assurance that the
Company will become profitable on either a quarterly or annual basis. The
Company's past operating results have been, and its future operating results
will be, subject to fluctuations resulting from a number of factors, including
the timing and announcement of orders, delays in shipments caused by customer
readiness or integration issues, the timing of new or enhanced product offerings
by the Company or it's competitors, the mix between sales to domestic and
international customers, market acceptance of any new or enhanced version of the
Company's products, availability of key components, the availability of
manufacturing capacity, the Company's ability to rapidly increase production,
and fluctuations in demand driven by general conditions impacting the aviation
industry beyond the control of the Company. The Company's revenues in any period
are generally derived from a limited number of customers. The Company may also
choose to reduce prices or increase spending in response to competition or to
pursue new market opportunities, all of which may adversely affect the Company's
business, financial condition and results of operations.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since inception, the Company has financed its operations primarily through
private sales of $16.5 million of Preferred and Common Stock (of which $5.6
million represents indebtedness converted to equity), the sale of $9.5 million
of Common Stock in the Company's Initial Public Offering in April 1996, and $3.2
million of short-term borrowings. At December 31, 1996, the Company had $2.4
million in cash and no outstanding borrowings.
<PAGE>
In February 1997, the Company entered into two one-year revolving line of
credit agreements with Silicon Valley Bank. The first agreement provides for
maximum borrowings generally in an amount up to the lower of 80% of domestic
eligible accounts receivable or $4.5 million. Borrowings under this agreement
generally bear interest at the bank's prime rate plus 1.00% per annum (9.25% at
December 31, 1996). The second agreement is partially guaranteed by the
Export-Import Bank of the United States and provides for maximum borrowings
generally in an amount up to the lower of the sum of 90% of eligible export
accounts receivable plus 70% of eligible raw materials and work-in-process
inventory designated for export customers or $4.5 million. Borrowings under this
agreement generally bear interest at the bank's prime rate plus 0.75% per annum
(9.00% at December 31, 1996). Borrowings under both agreements are secured by
all of the Company's assets. The agreements require that the Company maintain
certain financial ratios and levels of tangible net worth and profitability and
also prohibit the Company from paying cash dividends. Proceeds of loans under
both lines of credit may be used for general corporate purposes.
Cash used in operations was $9.4 million in 1996 and $2.0 million in 1995.
Net cash used in operations for 1996 was primarily due to the net loss of $3.6
million, a $5.3 million increase in accounts receivable and a $1.4 million
increase in inventories which were partially offset by a non-cash charge for the
amortization of the warrant discount of $1.3 million. For 1995, net cash used in
operations was due primarily to the net loss of $3.3 million and increases in
accounts receivable and inventories associated with increased manufacturing and
sales activities, which were partially offset by an increase in accounts payable
and accrued liabilities.
Net cash used in investing activities was $1.1 million in 1996 and $0.6
million in 1995, in each case due primarily to the purchase of property and
equipment. The Company anticipates spending approximately $2.0 million for
purchases of capital equipment and approximately $1.5 million for facility
improvements in connection with a move of the Company's principal executive
offices and manufacturing facility. The Company has no other significant capital
spending or purchase commitments other than normal purchase commitments and
commitments under leases.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $10.9 million in 1996 and $2.3
million in 1995. The increase in 1996 was due to $14.0 million in net proceeds
from issuances of Common Stock primarily associated with the Company's initial
public offering in 1996 which were partially offset by $3.2 million in net
repayments of short-term debt financing. Net cash provided by financing
activities in 1995 was due primarily to $1.2 million in proceeds from the
issuance of Preferred Stock and $1.0 million in proceeds from short-term debt
financing.
On March 14, 1997, InVision filed a registration statement with the
Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the Proposed Underwritten
Offering of 3,125,000 shares of Common Stock. Of such shares 1,875,000 shares
are being offered by the Company and 1,250,000 shares are being offered by
certain selling stockholders not including Anaconda. The Company intends to use
the proceeds from the offering to purchase capital equipment and undertake
facility improvements, to fund research and development, and for working capital
and other general corporate purposes. The Company will not receive any proceeds
from the sale of Common Stock by the selling stockholders.
The Company believes that existing cash of $2.4 million as of December 31,
1996 and available borrowings under the Company's line of credit agreements,
together with the anticipated net proceeds from the Proposed Underwritten
Offering, will be sufficient to finance its working capital and capital
expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months. If the Proposed
Underwritten Offering does not occur, the Company may need to seek alternative
sources of funding. There can be no assurance that any such additional funding
will be available to the Company on favorable terms or at all.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1995 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash..................................................................................... $ 1,927 $ 2,363
Accounts receivable...................................................................... 735 5,987
Inventories.............................................................................. 3,413 4,810
Prepaid expenses......................................................................... 252 292
--------- ---------
Total current assets................................................................. 6,327 13,452
Property and equipment, net................................................................ 914 1,804
Other assets............................................................................... 75 --
--------- ---------
$ 7,316 $ 15,256
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable......................................................................... $ 3,035 $ 2,541
Accrued liabilities...................................................................... 1,217 1,020
Short-term debt.......................................................................... 2,260 --
Advances from stockholders............................................................... 200 --
Deferred revenue......................................................................... 3,082 2,443
Current maturities of obligations under capital lease.................................... 10 68
--------- ---------
Total current liabilities............................................................ 9,804 6,072
--------- ---------
Long-term obligations under capital lease, less current portion............................ 34 110
--------- ---------
Commitments (Notes 9, 11 and 12)
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; 2,619 shares and
none issued and outstanding............................................................ 12,212 --
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; none issued and
outstanding............................................................................ -- --
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 20,000 shares authorized; 124 and 9,160 shares issued and
outstanding............................................................................ -- 9
Additional paid-in capital............................................................... 1,885 28,919
Deferred stock compensation expense...................................................... (692) (355)
Accumulated deficit...................................................................... (15,927) (19,499)
--------- ---------
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)................................................. (2,522) 9,074
--------- ---------
$ 7,316 $ 15,256
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues.......................................................................... $ -- $ 9,066 $ 15,841
Cost of revenues.................................................................. -- 6,777 9,736
--------- --------- ---------
Gross profit.................................................................... -- 2,289 6,105
--------- --------- ---------
Operating expenses:
Research and development........................................................ 1,582 1,940 2,785
Sales and marketing............................................................. 664 1,866 2,976
General and administrative...................................................... 1,078 1,471 2,577
--------- --------- ---------
Total operating expenses...................................................... 3,324 5,277 8,338
--------- --------- ---------
Loss from operations.............................................................. (3,324) (2,988) (2,233)
Interest expense (including related party interest expense of
$90; $104; and $54)............................................................. (410) (338) (1,511)
Other income, net................................................................. 7 34 172
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss.......................................................................... $ (3,727) $ (3,292) $ (3,572)
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss per share (Note 2)....................................................... $ (0.50) $ (0.44)
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
Shares used in per share calculations (Note 2).................................... 6,642 8,142
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss........................................................................ $ (3,727) $ (3,292) $ (3,572)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization................................................. 255 239 371
Amortization of bridge loan warrant expense................................... -- -- 1,330
Stock compensation expense.................................................... -- 369 489
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable......................................................... 163 (611) (5,252)
Inventories................................................................. (939) (1,887) (1,397)
Prepaid expenses............................................................ -- -- (34)
Other assets................................................................ (29) (135) --
Accounts payable............................................................ 618 2,219 (522)
Accrued liabilities......................................................... 121 915 (202)
Deferred revenues........................................................... 2,948 134 (639)
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash used in operating activities..................................... (590) (2,049) (9,428)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisition of property and equipment........................................... (117) (590) (1,074)
--------- --------- ---------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from short-term debt................................................... 2,250 1,000 1,000
Repayments of short-term debt................................................... -- -- (4,200)
Proceeds from capital lease financing........................................... -- 53 169
Repayments of capital lease financing........................................... -- (9) (35)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock....................................... 464 1,244 --
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net..................................... 22 37 14,004
--------- --------- ---------
Net cash provided by financing activities................................... 2,736 2,325 10,938
--------- --------- ---------
Net increase (decrease) in cash for the period.................................... 2,029 (314) 436
Cash at beginning of period....................................................... 212 2,241 1,927
--------- --------- ---------
Cash at end of period............................................................. $ 2,241 $ 1,927 $ 2,363
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid................................................................... $ 319 $ 220 $ 233
--------- --------- ---------
--------- --------- ---------
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH FINANCING AND INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of preferred stock..................... $ -- $ -- $ 12,212
Issuance of Series D preferred stock upon the conversion of short-term debt and
accrued interest.............................................................. $ 3,000 $ 2,604 $ --
Warrants issued in connection with bridge loan financing........................ $ -- $ 740 $ 590
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition of subsidiary........... $ -- $ -- $ 85
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONVERTIBLE DEFERRED
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL STOCK
-------------------- ---------------------- PAID-IN COMPENSATION ACCUMULATED
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL EXPENSE DEFICIT
--------- --------- --------- ----------- ----------- ------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1993...... 586 $ 4,900 32 $ -- $ 25 $ -- $ (8,908)
Issuance of Series D preferred
stock........................... 926 3,464 -- -- -- -- --
Exercise of common stock
options......................... -- -- 26 -- 22 -- --
Net loss.......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (3,727)
--------- --------- --------- --- ----------- ------------- ------------
Balance at December 31, 1994...... 1,512 8,364 58 -- 47 -- (12,635)
Issuance of Series D preferred
stock........................... 789 2,948 -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of Series D preferred
stock to stockholders for
distribution rights............. 227 -- -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of Series E preferred
stock........................... 91 900 -- -- -- -- --
Deferred stock compensation....... -- -- -- -- 1,061 (1,061) --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................... -- -- -- -- -- 369 --
Issuance of warrant............... -- -- -- -- 740 -- --
Exercise of common stock
options......................... -- -- 66 -- 37 -- --
Net loss.......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (3,292)
--------- --------- --------- --- ----------- ------------- ------------
Balance at December 31, 1995...... 2,619 12,212 124 -- 1,885 (692) (15,927)
Issuance of common stock pursuant
to initial public offering, net
of expenses..................... -- -- 2,070 2 9,530 -- --
Conversion of preferred stock to
common stock upon completion of
initial public offering......... (2,619) (12,212) 6,106 6 12,206 -- --
Deferred stock compensation....... -- -- -- -- 152 (152) --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................... -- -- -- -- -- 489 --
Issuance of warrant............... -- -- -- -- 590 -- --
Exercise of common stock
options......................... -- -- 122 -- 84 -- --
Exercise of common stock
warrants........................ -- -- 518 1 2,318 -- --
Issuance of common stock pursuant
to EG&G agreement............... -- -- 184 -- 1,974 -- --
Issuances of common stock
primarily pursuant to
acquisition of subsidiary....... -- -- 36 -- 180 -- --
Net loss.......................... -- -- -- -- -- -- (3,572)
--------- --------- --------- --- ----------- ------------- ------------
Balance at December 31, 1996...... -- $ -- 9,160 $ 9 $ 28,919 $ (355) $ (19,499)
--------- --------- --------- --- ----------- ------------- ------------
--------- --------- --------- --- ----------- ------------- ------------
<CAPTION>
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
(DEFICIT)
-------------
<S> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1993...... $ (3,983)
Issuance of Series D preferred
stock........................... 3,464
Exercise of common stock
options......................... 22
Net loss.......................... (3,727)
-------------
Balance at December 31, 1994...... (4,224)
Issuance of Series D preferred
stock........................... 2,948
Issuance of Series D preferred
stock to stockholders for
distribution rights............. --
Issuance of Series E preferred
stock........................... 900
Deferred stock compensation....... --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................... 369
Issuance of warrant............... 740
Exercise of common stock
options......................... 37
Net loss.......................... (3,292)
-------------
Balance at December 31, 1995...... (2,522)
Issuance of common stock pursuant
to initial public offering, net
of expenses..................... 9,532
Conversion of preferred stock to
common stock upon completion of
initial public offering......... --
Deferred stock compensation....... --
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.................... 489
Issuance of warrant............... 590
Exercise of common stock
options......................... 84
Exercise of common stock
warrants........................ 2,319
Issuance of common stock pursuant
to EG&G agreement............... 1,974
Issuances of common stock
primarily pursuant to
acquisition of subsidiary....... 180
Net loss.......................... (3,572)
-------------
Balance at December 31, 1996...... $ 9,074
-------------
-------------
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1--THE COMPANY:
InVision Technologies, Inc. ("InVision," or the "Company") is the worldwide
leader in explosive detection technology. The Company develops, manufactures,
markets and supports an explosive detection system ("EDS") for civil aviation
security based on advanced computed tomography ("CT" or "CATScan" technology).
Formed in 1990, InVision exited the development stage in 1995 upon the first
commercial sales of its product, the CTX 5000 explosive detection system. The
CTX 5000 is sold to airport and regulatory authorities and airlines throughout
the world.
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of
the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Imatron Federal Systems, Inc.,
acquired in December 1996. All significant intercompany transactions and
accounts have been eliminated. The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during
the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
STOCK SPLIT
Share information for all periods presented has been retroactively adjusted
to reflect a 1-for-11 reverse stock split of Common Stock and Preferred Stock
effected on March 15, 1996, and a 2-for-1 Common Stock dividend effected on
February 7, 1997.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue from product sales is recognized upon shipment unless extended
acceptance criteria exist, in which case revenue is recognized upon completion
of such acceptance criteria. Provision for estimated installation, training and
warranty costs is recorded at the time revenue is recognized.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using
the straight-line method based upon the estimated useful lives of the assets,
which range from one to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using
the straight-line method over the shorter of their useful lives or the terms of
the leases.
In 1996, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived
Assets to be Disposed of." Accordingly, the Company evaluates the recoverability
of its assets when events and changes in circumstances indicate that such
amounts may not be recoverable. The Company determines the recoverability of the
carrying amount of each intangible asset by reviewing the following factors: the
undiscounted value of expected operating cash flows in relation to its net
capital investment, the estimated useful or contractual life of the intangible
asset, the contract or product supporting the intangible asset, and in the case
of purchased technology, the Company periodically reviews the
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
recoverability of the asset value by evaluating its products with respect to
technological advances, competitive products and the long-lived asset impairment
losses.
DEFERRED REVENUE
Deferred revenue arises from advance payments received from customers for
systems to be delivered within the next year.
INCOME TAXES
The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach
that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the
expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the
Company's financial statements or tax returns.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS
Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred.
Contractually reimbursable costs for certain research and development activities
are reflected as a reduction to research and development expense in the period
the related costs are incurred (Note 4).
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT COSTS
To date, the period between achieving technological feasibility and the
general availability of software included in the Company's product has been
short and software development costs qualifying for capitalization have been
insignificant. Accordingly, the Company has not capitalized any software
development costs.
STOCK COMPENSATION
The Company accounts for employee stock-based compensation in accordance
with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees." In January 1996, the Company adopted the disclosure requirements of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 ("FAS 123"), "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation" (see Note 8).
DEPENDENCE ON SUPPLIERS
The Company's ability to timely deliver its products is dependent upon
the availability of quality components and subsystems used in these products.
The Company depends in part upon subcontractors to manufacture, assemble and
deliver certain items in a timely and satisfactory manner. The Company
obtains certain components and subsystems from single, or a limited number of
sources. A significant interruption in the delivery of such items could have
a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition and results of
operations.
EXPORT SALES AND CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
The Company markets its systems both internationally and domestically.
Product sales by geographic region are as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31,
--------------------
1995 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Europe (primarily United Kingdom)......................................... $ 6,578 $ 7,488
United States............................................................. 975 3,766
Pacific Rim............................................................... 863 2,062
Middle East............................................................... 650 2,525
--------- ---------
$ 9,066 $ 15,841
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 2--SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant
concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable.
The Company limits the amount of credit exposure of cash balances by maintaining
its accounts in a high credit quality financial institution. Except for the
Federal Aviation Administration contract (see Note 3), the Company's standard
credit policy requires prepayment of up to 50% prior to shipment on all sales.
To date, the Company has not experienced any material credit losses and
accordingly has not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31,
1995 or 1996. The Company's revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars. At
December 31, 1996, two customers accounted for 59% and 18% of total accounts
receivable. Significant customers which represented 10% or more of revenues for
the respective periods were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------
1995 1996
--------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C>
Customer A...................................................... 51% 22%
Customer B...................................................... 12% --
Customer C...................................................... 11% --
Customer D...................................................... -- 13%
Customer E...................................................... -- 12%
Customer F...................................................... -- 12%
Customer G...................................................... -- 16%
Customer H...................................................... -- 13%
</TABLE>
NET LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of Common
Stock and common equivalent shares, when dilutive, from stock options and
warrants (using the treasury stock method). Pursuant to Securities and Exchange
Commission Staff Accounting Bulletins, Common Stock and common equivalent shares
issued by the Company during the 12-month period prior to the Company's initial
public offering consisting of convertible preferred stock (using the
if-converted method), and stock options and warrants (using the treasury stock
method) have been included in the calculation as if they were outstanding for
all periods prior to and including March 31, 1996, even though their effect is
antidilutive. Historical net loss per share amounts have not been presented in
1994 because such amounts are not deemed meaningful due to the significant
changes in the Company's capital structure that occurred in connection with the
initial public offering.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to be consistent with the
1996 presentation.
NOTE 3--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) CONTRACT:
In December 1996, the Company entered into a contract with the Federal
Aviation Administration ("FAA" and the "FAA Contract") to deliver fifty-four
(54) CTX 5000 systems to various airports in the United States beginning in
January and ending in December 1997. The minimum amount due from the FAA under
this contract, including all related products and associated installation and
support services, is $52.2 million. The Company will invoice and collect
progress payments while systems are being manufactured in an amount equal to 80%
of manufacturing costs incurred. The balance will be invoiced and collected
after delivery and installation of each system.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 3--FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) CONTRACT: (CONTINUED)
The number of systems deliverable under the FAA Contract during 1997 exceeds
the total number of systems manufactured by the Company to date. The Company has
determined that its existing manufacturing facilities are inadequate to meet its
obligation to deliver 54 systems under the FAA Contract and, accordingly, has
entered into a lease agreement for new primary operating facilities including
new manufacturing facilities (see Note 12). The Company believes that these new
facilities will be adequate to meet its current delivery obligations.
NOTE 4--RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CONTRACTS:
The Company has been awarded various research and development contracts and
grants by the FAA to share in the costs of developing and enhancing the
Company's product. During 1994, 1995 and 1996, the Company was entitled to
reimbursements of $821,000, $593,000 and $1,476,000, respectively, under these
contracts and grants. Such reimbursements have been reflected as a reduction to
research and development expense in each period presented. Billings are rendered
to the FAA monthly on the basis of actual costs incurred. At December 1995 and
1996, the related receivable balance from the FAA was $17,000 and $331,000,
respectively.
NOTE 5--BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (IN THOUSANDS):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1995 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Accounts receivable:
Billed.................................................................. $ 388 $ 5,026
Unbilled................................................................ 347 961
--------- ---------
$ 735 $ 5,987
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
Inventories:
Raw material and purchased components................................... $ 1,853 $ 3,003
Work-in-process......................................................... 779 1,331
Finished goods.......................................................... 781 476
--------- ---------
$ 3,413 $ 4,810
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
Property and equipment:
Machinery and equipment................................................. $ 868 $ 1,400
Self constructed assets................................................. 606 1,140
Furniture and fixtures.................................................. 71 160
Leasehold improvements.................................................. 73 145
--------- ---------
1,618 2,845
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.......................... (704) (1,041)
--------- ---------
$ 914 $ 1,804
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
Self-constructed assets are manufactured by the Company for use in system
testing and support, and include the cost of parts and materials, and an
overhead allocation. The Company depreciates self-constructed assets over their
respective estimated useful lives which range from three to five years.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 5--BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (IN THOUSANDS): (CONTINUED)
At December 31, 1995 and 1996 the Company had $53,000 and $222,000,
respectively, of capitalized lease equipment and related accumulated
amortization of $6,000 and $39,000, respectively.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Accrued liabilities:
Warranty reserves........................................ $ 695 $ 645
Accrued employee compensation............................ 327 311
Other.................................................... 195 64
--------- ---------
$ 1,217 $ 1,020
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
NOTE 6--SHORT-TERM DEBT:
At December 31, 1995, $2,000,000 of short-term debt was outstanding
representing all of the funds available under a line of credit agreement with a
bank. Interest accrued under the line of credit agreement at a rate of prime
plus 1%. The rate in effect at December 31, 1995 was 9.75%. All amounts
outstanding under this line of credit agreement were repaid in May 1996, and the
line of credit agreement was subsequently terminated.
In December 1995, the Company entered into a $2,000,000 Bridge Loan
Agreement (the "Bridge Loan") with a lender. Under the agreement, the Company
borrowed $1,000,000 in December 1995, and an additional $1,000,000 in February
1996. Principal outstanding under the agreement was secured by all assets of the
Company. The Bridge Loan was repaid in full on May 1, 1996, in accordance with
its terms.
In connection with the Bridge Loan, the lender received the Bridge Loan
Warrants described in Note 7, below. The aggregate fair value of the Bridge Loan
Warrants, as determined at their respective dates of issuance, was $1,330,000.
Such value represents a discount that was amortized as a financing cost over the
period that the Bridge Loan was outstanding.
At December 31, 1995, certain of the Company's stockholders had advanced
$200,000 directly to the Company. Interest accrued at prime plus 1%. This
advance was repaid in December 1996.
NOTE 7--STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT):
COMMON STOCK
In November 1996, the Company issued 183,750 shares of unregistered Common
Stock to EG&G International Ltd. at $10.88 per share, reflecting a 10% discount
from the market price of the Company's Common Stock in connection with the
signing of a Research, Development and License Agreement (Note 11). Net proceeds
totaled $1,974,000. These shares will be registered at the request of the
shareholder upon the earlier of a public offering by the Company resulting in
net proceeds of at least $10,000,000 or November 1997.
In April 1996, the Company issued 1,800,000 shares of Common Stock at $5.50
per share in conjunction with the Company's initial public offering ("IPO").
Proceeds to the Company, net of discounts, commissions and offering expenses,
totaled $8,211,000. In May 1996, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment
option to purchase 270,000 additional shares of Common Stock for total net
proceeds to the Company of $1,321,000. Proceeds from the IPO were used primarily
to repay short term debt, reduce outstanding accounts payable and to provide
working capital for the Company.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 7--STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT): (CONTINUED)
In connection with the Company's IPO, Donald & Co. Securities Inc., the
underwriter, received, under the terms of the underwriting agreement, four-year
warrants to purchase 180,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock at a price of
$6.60 per share commencing April 23, 1997.
PREFERRED STOCK
In conjunction with the Company's IPO, all outstanding Convertible Preferred
Stock converted to Common Stock. As of December 31, 1996, there were 5,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock authorized and no shares were issued and outstanding.
The Board of Directors is authorized to issue Preferred Stock in one or more
series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions thereof,
including dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights, voting rights,
terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation preferences, and number of
shares constituting any series or the designation of such series, without
further action or vote by the Company's stockholders.
WARRANTS
In connection with the Bridge Loan, the company issued three-year warrants
to purchase 63,636 and 227,272 shares of Common Stock in 1995 at $5.50 and $4.40
per share, respectively, and 227,272 shares of Common Stock at $4.40 per share
in 1996. The Bridge Loan warrants were exercised in full at various times during
the month of August 1996, with the Company receiving net proceeds from the
exercise of $2,319,000.
NOTE 8--EMPLOYEE STOCK AND BENEFIT PLANS:
EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
In March 1996, the Board of Directors approved the amended and restated
1991 Stock Option Plan, which was renamed the Equity Incentive Plan. The
Equity Incentive Plan provides for the granting of incentive stock options
and non qualified stock options for the purchase of up to an aggregate of
2,221,818 shares of the Company's common stock by officers, employees,
consultants and directors of the Company. The Board of Directors is
responsible for administration of the Equity Incentive Plan. The Board of
Directors determines the term of each option, option exercise price, number
of shares for which each option is granted and the rate at which each option
is exercisable. Options granted under the Equity Incentive Plan generally
vest over a four year period.
Incentive and non qualified stock options may be granted at an exercise
price per share of not less than 85% of the fair value per common share on
the date of the grant (not less than 110% of the fair value in the case of
holders of more than 10% of the Company's voting stock). Options granted
under the Equity Incentive Plan generally expire ten years from the date of
the grant (five years for incentive stock options granted to holders of more
than 10% of the Company's voting stock).
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 8--EMPLOYEE STOCK AND BENEFIT PLANS: (CONTINUED)
In December 1994, the Company repriced all outstanding options in order to
reconstitute the option pool as a result of the dilutive effect on common stock
of the issuance of Series D Preferred Stock during the year. The outstanding
options were cancelled and new options were issued at an exercise price of $0.55
per share, which represented the fair value of common stock as determined by the
Board of Directors. Cumulative vesting percentages applicable to the cancelled
options were given to the regranted options.
In connection with grants of stock options to employees and directors in
1995 and 1996, the Company recorded $1,061,000 and $152,000, respectively, of
deferred compensation representing the difference between the deemed fair value
of the Company's Common Stock and the exercise price at the date of grant. Of
such amounts, $369,000 and $489,000 were recorded to expense in 1995 and 1996,
respectively. The remaining $355,000 is being amortized over the remaining
vesting period of the related options.
Transactions under the 1996 Equity Incentive Plan are summarized as follows
(in thousands except per share amounts):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996
------------------------ ------------------------ ----------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- --------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning of period.................... 234 $ 1.23 383 $ 0.57 1,190 $ 0.82
Granted............................................. 402 0.63 896 0.92 150 9.13
Exercised........................................... (26) 0.61 (66) 0.55 (122) 0.69
Canceled............................................ (227) 1.36 (23) 0.96 (77) 0.85
--- ----- ---------
Outstanding at period end............................. 383 0.57 1,190 0.82 1,141 1.92
--- ----- ---------
--- ----- ---------
Options exercisable at period end..................... 202 0.58 384 0.56 643 0.80
--- ----- ---------
--- ----- ---------
Weighted average grant date fair value of such options
granted during the year.............................. $ 4.04
---------
---------
Weighted average grant date fair value of options
granted during the year at exercise prices below
market prices........................................ $ --
---------
---------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 8--EMPLOYEE STOCK AND BENEFIT PLANS: (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes information about employee and director stock
options outstanding at December 31, 1996 (in thousands, except per share
amounts):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
---------------------------- ----------------------------
AVERAGE WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
REMAINING AVERAGE AVERAGE
NUMBER CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE NUMBER EXERCISE
RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICES OUTSTANDING LIFE PRICE EXERCISABLE PRICE
- ----------------------------------------------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- --------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$0.55................................................ 479 7.9 $ 0.55 356 $ 0.55
$1.10................................................ 512 8.8 1.10 287 1.10
$3.30................................................ 9 9.0 3.30 -- --
$4.40................................................ 15 9.2 4.40 -- --
$5.50................................................ 28 9.4 5.54 -- --
$10.50............................................... 7 9.8 10,50 -- --
$11.25............................................... 41 10.0 11.25 -- --
$11.88............................................... 50 9.9 11.88 -- --
----- ---
1,141 8.5 1.92 643 0.80
----- ---
----- ---
</TABLE>
FAIR VALUE DISCLOSURES
Had compensation cost for options granted in 1995 and 1996 under the
Company's 1996 Equity Incentive Plan been determined based on the fair value at
the grant dates, as prescribed in FAS 123, the Company's net loss and pro forma
net loss per share would have been as follows (in thousands except per share
amounts):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31,
--------------------
1995 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Net loss:
As reported.......................................................... $ (3,292) $ (3,572)
Pro forma............................................................ (3,330) (3,665)
Pro forma net loss per share:
As reported.......................................................... $ (0.50) $ (0.44)
Pro forma............................................................ (0.50) (0.47)
</TABLE>
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using
the minimum value method with the following assumptions used for grants during
the applicable period: dividend yield of 0.0% for both periods; risk-free
interest rates of 5.89% to 6.00% for options granted during the year ended
December 31, 1995 and 5.19% to 6.38% for options granted during the year ended
December 31, 1996; weighted average expected option term of five years for both
periods; and a volatility rate of 65%.
1996 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
The Company's 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan") was
adopted in March 1996. A total of 300,000 shares of Common Stock has been
reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan. As of December 31, 1996, no
shares have been issued under the Purchase Plan.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 9--COMMITMENTS:
The Company leases facilities and equipment under non-cancelable leases
expiring at various times through 2000. Future minimum lease payments under
these leases at December 31, 1996 are as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPERATING CAPITAL
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, LEASE LEASE
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
1997................................................................. $ 370 $ 89
1998................................................................ 286 89
1999................................................................ -- 37
--- ---
$ 656 215
---
---
Less amount representing interest................................... (37)
---
Present value of capital lease obligation........................... 178
Less current portion................................................ (68)
---
Long term capital lease obligation................................ $ 110
---
---
</TABLE>
Rent expense for 1994, 1995 and 1996 was $252,000, and $289,000 and
$328,000, respectively.
NOTE 10--INCOME TAXES:
As a result of the losses generated during 1994, 1995 and 1996 the Company
has recorded no provision for income taxes and therefore a reconciliation of the
federal statutory rate to the effective rate is not meaningful.
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities
are as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1995 1996
--------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Net operating loss carryforwards....................................... $ 2,810 $ 4,256
Credit carryforwards................................................... 750 877
Depreciation and amortization.......................................... 31 (103)
Accrued expenses....................................................... 380 490
Other.................................................................. 199 60
--------- ---------
Gross deferred tax assets.............................................. 4,170 5,580
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance................................. (4,170) (5,580)
--------- ---------
Net deferred tax assets................................................ $ -- $ --
--------- ---------
--------- ---------
</TABLE>
The Company provides a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets when it
is more likely than not, based upon currently available evidence including its
prior history of losses, that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets
will not be realized.
At December 31, 1996, the Company had federal net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $10,969,000 available to reduce future federal
and state taxable income. The Company's net operating loss carryforwards expire
from 2005 to 2011. The tax benefit of the net operating loss and credit
carryforwards may be limited due to the impact of the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
Events which may cause the tax benefit to be limited include, but are not
limited to, a cumulative stock ownership change of more than 50%, as defined,
over a three-
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 10--INCOME TAXES: (CONTINUED)
year period and the timing of utilization of various tax benefits carried
forward. As a result of changes in ownership that have occurred, future
utilization of certain of the Company's carryforwards will be limited to
approximately $500,000 per year. Accordingly, the balance of net operating loss
carryforwards at December 31, 1996 has been adjusted to reflect the limitation.
NOTE 11--RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS:
In November 1996, the Company entered into a Research, Development and
License Agreement with EG&G Astrophysics, an affiliate of EG&G International
Ltd. Under the terms of this agreement, the Company and EG&G Astrophysics are
each committed to contribute up to $1,000,000 to fund a joint research and
development effort to develop an explosive detection system with enhanced
capability for reliable detection of explosives at higher rates of through-put
than the Company's existing system. Any new technology developed in connection
with the research and development effort will be jointly owned. The agreement
terminates in May 1998. As of December 31, 1996, the Company has made no
expenditures related to its commitment under this agreement.
The Company was originally formed as a joint venture arrangement between
Imatron, Inc. ("Imatron", a publicly traded company in the U.S.) and F.I.M.A.I.
Holding, S.A. ("FIMAI", a Luxembourg corporation). In connection with the
formation of the Company, the Company and FIMAI entered into a Manufacturing and
Distribution Agreement (the "Distribution Agreement") which appointed FIMAI as
the exclusive manufacturer, purchaser and distributor for the Company's CTX 5000
systems in Europe. At December 31, 1994, the Company had obtained a temporary
consent from FIMAI for the Company to manufacture and sell the CTX 5000 in
Europe. In April 1995, FIMAI transferred all of its shares of the Company to
HARAX Holding, S.A. ("HARAX," a Luxembourg Corporation) and ElectroParts
Holding, S.A. ("ElectroParts," a Luxembourg Corporation). Both Harax and
ElectroParts have significant common ownership with FIMAI. As a consequence of
the transfer of ownership, FIMAI's rights under the Distribution Agreement were
transferred to HARAX and ElectroParts.
In June 1995, the Company issued 58,818 and 170,455 shares of Series D
Preferred Stock to ElectroParts and HARAX, respectively, in exchange for the
cancellation of the Distribution Agreement. Pursuant to Securities and Exchange
Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 48, this transaction is valued at zero,
the historical cost basis of the Distribution Agreement to ElectroParts and
HARAX.
During 1995 and 1996, the Company paid $116,000 and $264,000, respectively
to certain of the Company's directors for professional and/or consulting
services. In May 1995, the Company issued 649,434 shares of Series D Preferred
Stock to HARAX in satisfaction of $2,429,000 of indebtedness. In June 1995, the
Company issued 13,368 shares of Series D Preferred Stock to an officer of the
Company in satisfaction of $50,000 in indebtedness.
NOTE 12--SUBSEQUENT EVENTS:
The Board of Directors has authorized the Company to file a registration
statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act
of 1933 to sell Common Stock of the Company in a public offering.
<PAGE>
INVISION TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 12--SUBSEQUENT EVENTS: (CONTINUED)
NEW FACILITY LEASE
In February 1997, the Company entered into a new lease for its future
primary operating facility. The Company plans to relocate to the new facility in
mid- 1997 upon the completion of tenant improvement construction. The lease
covers an initial ten year term and includes a five year renewal option. The
initial rental rate of $672,000 per year increases annually to $1,326,000 in
year ten. The Company plans to sub-lease its current primary operating
facilities subsequent to its relocation. Based on current market rental rates
for similar facilities, the Company estimates that sub-lease rental rates will
not be less than the Company's existing rental rate for the remainder of the
lease term.
LINE OF CREDIT
In February 1997, the Company entered into two one-year revolving line of
credit agreements with Silicon Valley Bank. The first agreement provides for
maximum borrowings generally in an amount up to the lower of 80% of eligible
domestic accounts receivable or $4.5 million. Borrowings under this agreement
generally bear interest at the bank's prime rate plus 1.00% per annum (9.25% at
December 31, 1996). The second agreement is partially guaranteed by the
Export-Import Bank of the United States and provides for maximum borrowings
generally in an amount up to the lower of the sum of 90% of eligible export
accounts receivable plus 70% of eligible raw materials and work-in-process
inventory designated for export customers or $4.5 million. Borrowings under this
agreement generally bear interest at the bank's prime rate plus 0.75% per annum
(9.00% at December 31, 1996). Borrowings under both agreements are secured by
all of the Company's assets. The agreements require that the Company maintain
certain financial ratios and levels of tangible net worth and profitability and
also prohibit the Company from paying cash dividends. Proceeds of loans under
both lines of credit may be used for general corporate purposes.
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
InVision Technologies, Inc.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of operations, of cash flows and of stockholders' equity
(deficit) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
InVision Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiary at December 31, 1995 and 1996,
and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three
years in the period ended December 31, 1996, in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our
audits of these statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed above.
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
San Jose, California
February 20, 1997
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration
Statement on Form S-8 (No. 333-08559) of InVision Technologies, Inc. of
our report dated February 20, 1997, appearing in the 1996 Annual Report to
Stockholders which is incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We
also consent to the reference to us under the heading Selected Consolidated
Financial Data contained in the 1996 Annual Report to Stockholders insofar as
it relates to each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1996.
However, it should be noted that Price Waterhouse LLP has not prepared or
certified such Selected Consolidated Financial Data.
/s/ Price Waterhouse LLP
- ----------------------------
PRICE WATERHOUSE LLP
San Jose, California
March 31, 1997
