<PAGE> 1
This filing is made pursuant to Rule
424(b)(4) under the Securities Act
of 1933 in connection with
Registration No. 333-92573
PROSPECTUS
[ONYX LOGO]
$12,000,000
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
12 1/2% SUBORDINATED NOTES DUE JUNE 15, 2006
------------------------
The notes will mature and their principal will be payable on June 15, 2006.
They will bear interest at a rate of 12 1/2% per year, and we will make the
first interest payment on June 15, 2000. After that, we will pay interest on the
notes each year on the 15th of September, December, March and June. The notes
are unsecured obligations and your right to payment is subordinated in right of
payment to all of our senior indebtedness. We cannot redeem the notes prior to
June 15, 2002. On and after June 15, 2002, we may redeem all or a portion of the
notes at certain prices described in this prospectus. You may require us to
repurchase the notes if we experience a change in control.
The notes will not be listed on any securities exchange or quoted on Nasdaq
or any over-the-counter market. Miller & Schroeder Financial, Inc. and Peacock,
Hislop, Staley & Given, Inc., the underwriters, may make a market in the notes,
but they are not obligated to do so.
INVESTING IN THE NOTES INVOLVES RISKS WHICH ARE DESCRIBED IN "RISK FACTORS"
BEGINNING ON PAGE 8 OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this
prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PER NOTE TOTAL
-------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Public offering price....................................... 96.0% $11,520,000
Underwriting discounts and commissions...................... 8.5% $ 1,020,000
Proceeds to Onyx, before expenses........................... 87.5% $10,500,000
</TABLE>
The underwriters may also purchase, in the aggregate, up to an additional
$1,800,000 principal amount of notes at the public offering price, less the
underwriting discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus to cover
over-allotments.
The underwriters expect to deliver the notes through the facilities of The
Depository Trust Company against payment in New York, New York on April 17,
2000.
------------------------
MILLER & SCHROEDER
PEACOCK, HISLOP, STALEY & GIVEN, INC.
------------------------
The date of this Prospectus is April 12, 2000.
<PAGE> 2
Onyx Acceptance Corporation provides prime and near-prime automobile
lending to franchise and select independent car dealers. It provides service to
those dealers from its auto finance centers throughout the United States. Since
its inception in 1993, Onyx has purchased and securitized publicly over $3.8
billion in auto receivables. Onyx services its retail customers from its
Foothill Ranch complex in California.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT FOR PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Total revenues................... $ 5,618 $ 22,627 $ 33,811 $ 60,392 $ 88,943
Net income (loss)................ (3,763) 6,116 1,302 6,075 9,792
Net income (loss) per diluted
share.......................... $ (1.68) $ 1.09 $ 0.21 $ 0.95 $ 1.50
Diluted shares outstanding....... 2,234 5,586 6,294 6,425 6,514
Total assets................... $136,077 $ 54,083 $141,836 $ 275,422 $ 393,835
Stockholders' equity (deficit)... (7,896) 36,358 37,717 43,824 53,108
Servicing portfolio at period
end............................ $218,207 $400,665 $757,277 $1,345,961 $2,133,460
Contracts purchased.............. $199,397 $319,840 $605,905 $1,038,535 $1,559,004
</TABLE>
BAR CHARTS:[Bar chart showing dollar amount of revenues for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1998 and 1999]
[Bar chart showing the number of contracts the years ended December 31, 1995,
1996, 1997, purchased for 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999]
[Bar chart showing dollar amount of servicing portfolio for the years ended
December 31, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999]
[Bar chart showing the number of dealer relationships for each quarter from the
first quarter of 1998 through the fourth quarter of 1999]
<PAGE> 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY .................................................................. 1
Onyx .......................................................................... 1
Business ...................................................................... 1
The Offering .................................................................. 3
Summary Financial Data ........................................................ 6
RISK FACTORS ........................................................................ 8
Risk Factors Relating to the Notes ............................................ 8
Risk Factors Relating to Onyx ................................................. 10
Risks Associated with the Year 2000 Problem ................................... 17
USE OF PROCEEDS ..................................................................... 18
CAPITALIZATION ...................................................................... 18
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ............................................................. 19
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS ......... 21
Overview ...................................................................... 21
Results of Operations ......................................................... 24
Financial Condition ........................................................... 26
Liquidity and Capital Resources ............................................... 31
Securitizations ............................................................... 33
Interest Rate Exposure and Hedging ............................................ 34
Dividend Policy ............................................................... 34
New Accounting Pronouncements ................................................. 34
Year 2000 Readiness ........................................................... 34
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk ..................... 35
BUSINESS ............................................................................ 37
General ....................................................................... 37
Background .................................................................... 37
Market and Competition ........................................................ 37
Business Strategy ............................................................. 37
Operations .................................................................... 38
Underwriting and Purchasing of Contracts ...................................... 40
Servicing Procedures .......................................................... 43
Collection Procedures ......................................................... 43
Modifications and Extensions .................................................. 45
Insurance ..................................................................... 45
Financing and Sale of Contracts ............................................... 45
Government Regulation ......................................................... 45
Litigation .................................................................... 47
Employees ..................................................................... 48
Properties .................................................................... 48
MANAGEMENT .......................................................................... 49
Directors and Executive Officers .............................................. 49
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 4
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Executive Compensation ............................................ 51
Directors' Compensation ........................................... 54
Employment Agreements ............................................. 54
Stock Option Grants ............................................... 54
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation ....... 54
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS .......................... 55
Certain Business Relationships .................................... 55
Indebtedness of Management ........................................ 55
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS .................................................. 56
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES ................................................ 59
General ........................................................... 59
Registration, Transfer and Exchange ............................... 59
Interest .......................................................... 60
Optional Redemption By Us ......................................... 61
Repurchase at Option of Holder .................................... 62
Subordination ..................................................... 63
Events of Default And Remedies .................................... 64
Restrictive Covenants ............................................. 64
Modifications of the Indenture .................................... 67
Satisfaction and Discharge ........................................ 67
Legal Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance .......................... 68
Governing Law ..................................................... 69
Concerning the Trustee ............................................ 69
MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES ................................ 69
General ........................................................... 69
Payments of Interest .............................................. 69
Taxation of Dispositions .......................................... 70
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding ...................... 71
UNDERWRITING ............................................................ 72
LEGAL MATTERS ........................................................... 73
EXPERTS ................................................................. 73
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION ..................................... 74
GLOSSARY ................................................................ 75
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ........................................... F-1
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 5
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains certain statements of a forward-looking nature
relating to future events or our future performance. These forward-looking
statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and
projections about us and our industry. When used in this prospectus, the words
"expects," "believes," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends" and similar
expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These
statements include, but are not limited to, statements of our plans, strategies
and prospects under the captions "Prospectus Summary," "Risk Factors," "Use of
Proceeds," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations," "Business" and other statements contained elsewhere in
this prospectus.
These forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to
risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ
materially from those projected. The cautionary statements made in this
prospectus should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking
statements wherever they appear in this prospectus. We assume no obligation to
update these forward looking statements publicly for any reason. Actual results
could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking
statements.
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<PAGE> 6
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information from this prospectus and may
not contain all the information that may be important to you. You should read
the entire prospectus, including the financial data and related notes, before
making an investment decision. Unless we state otherwise, the terms "Onyx,"
"our," and "we" refer to Onyx Acceptance Corporation and its subsidiaries, and
the term "notes" refers to the 12-1/2% Subordinated Notes due June 15, 2006 we
are offering pursuant to this prospectus. Certain industry terms that we use are
defined in the Glossary which begins on page 75.
ONYX
We are a specialized consumer finance company engaged principally in the
business of providing indirect automobile financing to franchised new car
dealerships and select used car dealerships throughout the United States. We
primarily purchase motor vehicle contracts from such dealerships. We focus our
efforts on acquiring motor vehicle contracts that are secured by late model used
motor vehicles and, to a lesser extent, new motor vehicles, that were entered
into with purchasers whom we believe have favorable credit profiles. We generate
revenues primarily through the purchase, warehousing, securitization and ongoing
servicing of motor vehicle contracts. Since we started purchasing, originating
and servicing motor vehicle contracts in February 1994, we have purchased or
originated more than $3.8 billion in motor vehicle contracts from approximately
7,600 dealers, and we have expanded our operations from a single office in
Orange County, California to major markets throughout the United States.
BUSINESS
Our principal objective is to become one of the leading sources of
near-prime auto lending in the United States by leveraging the experience of our
senior management team in this industry. We seek to attain and increase
profitability through the implementation of the following strategies:
- Targeted Market and Product Focus. We have positioned ourselves as
one of the lowest loan-to-value and payment-to-income lenders in the
near-prime auto finance market. We target the near-prime auto
lending market because we believe that it produces greater
origination and operating efficiencies than does the sub-prime
lending market. We focus on late model used motor vehicles, rather
than new motor vehicles, because we believe the risk of loss on used
vehicles is lower due to lower depreciation rates. Furthermore,
motor vehicle contracts secured by used motor vehicles generally
bear interest at rates that are higher than new motor vehicle
contracts. In addition, we believe that the late model used motor
vehicle finance market is growing at a faster rate than is the
finance market for new motor vehicles.
- Localized Dealership Service. We provide a high level of service to
our dealership base by marketing to and servicing dealerships on a
local level through our auto finance centers. Our credit and account
manager teams service our dealers locally and are able to provide a
quick decision process with respect to potential motor vehicle
contracts submitted to us by our dealers for purchase. These teams
use our proprietary credit evaluation system based on our
underwriting standards. We strategically locate our auto finance
centers in geographic areas with many dealerships in order to
facilitate personal service.
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<PAGE> 7
- Expansion of Dealership Customer Base. We establish active
relationships with a substantial percentage of franchised
dealerships in the regions in which we do business through our
existing auto finance centers. We intend to establish additional
dealer relationships as we continue our expansion plans in the
future.
- Maintenance of Underwriting Standards and Portfolio Performance. We
have developed an underwriting process that is designed to achieve
attractive yields while minimizing delinquencies and losses. The
underwriting process emphasizes a personal, hands on analysis of the
creditworthiness of each applicant rather than sole reliance on a
credit scoring system. We also audit most motor vehicle contracts
that we purchase within days of their origination to further assure
adherence to our underwriting guidelines.
- Technology-Supported Operational Controls. We have developed and
instituted control and review systems that enable us to monitor both
our operations and the performance of the motor vehicle contracts we
service. These systems allow us to monitor motor vehicle contract
production, yields and performance on a daily basis.
- Liquidity Through Warehousing and Securitizations. Our strategy is
to complete securitizations on a regular basis and to use warehouse
credit facilities to fund the acquisition or origination of motor
vehicle contracts prior to securitization. We also utilize both
securitization and hedging strategies to leverage our capital
efficiently and substantially reduce our interest rate risk.
As these strategies indicate, our focus is on controlled growth, rather
than increasing our volume at any cost. We are committed to a long term
profitable growth strategy in the near-prime auto lending market.
We were incorporated in California in 1993, and reincorporated in Delaware
in 1996 in connection with our initial public offering of common stock in March
1996. Our principal executive offices are located at 27051 Towne Centre Drive,
Suite 100, Foothill Ranch, California 92610, and our telephone number is (949)
465-3900.
-2-
<PAGE> 8
THE OFFERING
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Issuer............................. Onyx Acceptance Corporation.
Trustee............................ Bankers Trust Company.
Securities Offered................. Up to $13,800,000 principal amount of 12-1/2% subordinated
notes, which includes $1,800,000 principal amount of
subordinated notes that the underwriters have the option to
purchase to cover over-allotments, if any.
Offering Price..................... 96% of the principal amount per note plus accrued interest, if
any, from April 17, 2000.
Maturity........................... June 15, 2006.
Interest Payment Dates............. September 15, December 15, March 15 and June 15 of each year. The
first interest payment will be June 15, 2000, which will
represent interest accrued from April 17, 2000.
Principal Payment.................. We will not pay principal over the term of the notes. We plan
to pay the entire principal balance of the outstanding notes on
June 15, 2006.
Optional Redemption................ On and after June 15, 2002, we may redeem all or a portion of
the notes at a price equal to their outstanding principal amount
plus accrued interest, plus a premium as set forth in the
following table:
Date of Optional Redemption Premium Payable
--------------------------- ---------------
June 15, 2002 through June 14, 2003 5%
June 15, 2003 through June 14, 2004 3%
June 15, 2004 through June 14, 2005 1%
June 15, 2005 through June 14, 2006 None
See "Description of Notes - Optional Redemption By Us."
Ranking............................ The notes:
- are unsecured;
- rank junior to our current and future senior debt, including debt
we may incur under our existing and future credit facilities;
- rank equally with our existing and future subordinated debt; and
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 9
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
- rank senior to any subordinated debt held by any of our affiliates or
subsidiaries.
Assuming we had issued the notes and applied the proceeds as of December
31, 1999, we would have had outstanding $278 million of senior debt and
$22 million of subordinated debt, including the notes.
Restrictive Covenants.............. The indenture governing the notes, among other things, will:
- require us to maintain a minimum tangible net worth of $35 million,
subject to adjustments;
- restrict us from paying dividends on our capital stock or making
certain investments;
- require us to maintain certain financial ratios;
- restrict us from entering into certain transactions with affiliates;
and
- require us to maintain the listing for our common stock on the Nasdaq
National Market System.
The covenants set forth in the indenture are more fully described under
"Description of Notes - Restrictive Covenants." These covenants have
significant exceptions.
Change of Control.................. If we experience a change of control, you will have the option to require
us to repurchase your notes, in whole, at a price equal to 101% of their
principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. For a description of
the change of control provisions, see "Description of the Notes -
Repurchase at Option of Holder."
Registration, Transfer and
Exchange.......................... The notes will be represented by a global note that will be deposited
with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), and
registered in the name of Cede & Co., the nominee of DTC. Unless and
until the notes are exchanged, in whole or in part, for certificated
notes, the global note may not be transferred except as a whole by DTC to
a nominee of DTC or by a nominee of DTC to DTC or another nominee of DTC
or any such nominee to a successor depositary or a nominee of such
successor depositary. See "Description of the Notes -- Registration,
Transfer and Exchange."
Payment of Interest and Principal
on the Notes...................... As long as the notes are represented by a global note, the interest and
principal payable on the notes will be paid to Cede & Co., the nominee of
DTC, or its registered assigns as the registered owner of the global note,
by wire transfer of immediately available funds on each of the applicable
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 10
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
payment dates. If the notes are no longer represented by a global note,
payment of interest or principal may, at our option, be made by check
mailed to the address of the person entitled thereto. See "Description of
the Notes -- Registration, Transfer and Exchange" and "-- Interest."
Use of Proceeds.................... We expect to receive approximately $10.1 million of net proceeds from this
offering after deducting the underwriters' discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net
proceeds to pay down our lines of credit used to finance residual
interests in our securitizations and for general corporate purposes. See
"Use of Proceeds."
Absence of Public Market........... There is no existing market for the notes. We cannot provide you with any
assurance as to:
- the liquidity of any market that may develop for the notes;
- your ability to sell your notes; or
- the prices at which you will be able to sell your notes.
Miller & Schroeder Financial, Inc. and Peacock, Hislop,
Staley & Given, Inc., the underwriters, have advised us that
they currently intend to make a market in the notes after the
completion of this offering. The underwriters do not,
however, have any obligation to do so, and may discontinue
any market-making activities at any time without any notice.
We do not intend to apply for listing of the notes on any
securities exchange or for quotation of the notes in any
automated dealer quotation system.
</TABLE>
RISK FACTORS
You should carefully read "Risk Factors" beginning on page 8 for a discussion
of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in the notes.
-5-
<PAGE> 11
SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth our summary consolidated financial and
operating data at the dates and for the periods indicated. You should also read
"Selected Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements
and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
As required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Special Report, "A
Guide to Implementation of Statement 125 on Accounting for Transfers and
Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, Second
Edition," dated December 1998, and related guidance set forth in statements made
by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 8, 1998, our
consolidated financial statements for 1997 and the first three fiscal quarters
of 1998 have been restated to reflect the change in the method of measuring and
accounting for credit enhancement assets on our securitization transactions to
the cash-out method from the cash-in method.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net interest income .................................... $ 5,036 $ 7,312 $ 6,146
Servicing fee income ................................... 9,189 16,663 28,877
Gain on sale of contracts .............................. 19,586 36,417 53,920
-------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues ......................................... 33,811 60,392 88,943
---------- ----------
Provision for credit losses ............................ 785 1,580 1,246
Operating expenses ..................................... 30,740 48,427 70,959
-------- ---------- ----------
Total expenses ......................................... 31,525 50,007 72,205
-------- ---------- ----------
Income before income taxes ............................. 2,286 10,385 16,738
Income taxes ........................................... 984 4,310 6,946
-------- ---------- ----------
Net income ............................................. $ 1,302 $ 6,075 $ 9,792
======== ========== ==========
OPERATING DATA:
Contracts purchased during the period .................. $605,905 $1,038,535 $1,559,004
Number of contracts purchased during the period ........ 50,214 86,150 127,628
Contracts securitized and sold during the period ....... $527,276 $ 926,760 $1,450,000
Number of active dealerships (at end of period) ........ 2,846 5,401 7,617
Operating expenses as a percentage of the average
servicing portfolio during the period(1) ............. 5.5% 4.7% 4.1%
SELECTED PORTFOLIO DATA:
Servicing portfolio (at end of period) ................. $757,277 $1,345,961 $2.133,460
Average servicing portfolio during the period(1) ....... $563,343 $1,023,237 $1,728,875
Number of contracts in servicing portfolio (at
end of period) ....................................... 73,502 131,862 209,745
Weighted average annual percentage rate (at end
of period)(2) ........................................ 14.66% 14.72% 14.77%
Delinquencies as a percentage of the dollar
amount of servicing portfolio (at end of
period) .............................................. 2.51% 2.83% 3.24%
Net charge-offs as a percentage of the average
servicing portfolio during the period(1) ............. 2.03% 1.72% 1.85%
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 12
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents .............................. $ 991 $ 1,929 $ 5,190
Contracts held for sale(3) ............................. 63,380 151,952 229,475
Credit enhancement assets .............................. 71,736 112,953 142,884
Total assets ........................................... 141,836 275,422 393,835
Warehouse borrowings ................................... 60,506 150,044 232,288
Excess servicing and residual lines .................... 30,000 49,556 55,879
Subordinated debt ...................................... 0 10,000 10,000
Stockholders' equity ................................... 37,717 43,824 53,108
OTHER DATA:
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (4) ................. 1.29x 1.68x 1.86x
EBITDA(5) .............................................. $ 10,742 $ 27,128 $ 38,507
Ratio of EBITDA to cash interest expenses(5) ........... 1.53x 1.92x 2.19x
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Averages are based on daily balances.
(2) The weighted averages are based on contracts outstanding at the end of the
period.
(3) Contracts held for sale excludes dealer participation and allowance for
credit losses. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(4) For purposes of computing our ratios of earnings to fixed charges, we
calculated earnings by adding fixed charges to income before income taxes.
Fixed charges consist of gross interest expense and one third of our rent
expense, which is the amount we believe is representative of the interest
factor component of our rent expense.
(5) EBITDA consists of earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation
and amortization. EBITDA is presented as additional information because it
is a commonly used financial measure. We also believe it to be a useful
indicator of our ability to meet our debt service requirements. We do not,
however, intend it to be an alternative measure of operating results or
cash flow from operations.
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<PAGE> 13
RISK FACTORS
Before you invest in the notes, you should carefully consider these risk
factors, as well as the other information contained in this prospectus. The
risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not
presently known to us or that we currently believe are unimportant may also hurt
our business operations.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO THE NOTES
Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial health
and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the notes.
We have now and, after we sell these notes, will continue to have a
substantial amount of indebtedness. You should be aware that our substantial
indebtedness could have important consequences to you. For example, it could:
- make it more difficult for us to perform our obligations with
respect to the notes;
- increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry
conditions;
- require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from
operations to payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing amounts
available for working capital, capital expenditures and other
general corporate purposes;
- limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in
our business and the industry in which we operate;
- place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors
that have less debt; and
- limit our ability to borrow additional funds.
Our ability to incur substantially more debt could further increase the
risks described above.
We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future.
The terms of the indenture governing the notes set parameters for but do not
prohibit us from doing so. We also expect to enter into additional credit
facilities in the future. Any such borrowings would be senior to the notes. If
we borrow more money, the related risks that we now face could intensify. See
"Capitalization," "Selected Financial Data," "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Description of
the Notes."
To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash.
Our ability to generate cash depends on many factors beyond our control.
Our ability to repay or refinance our debt depends on our successful
financial and operating performance. We cannot assure you that our business
strategy will continue to succeed or that we will achieve our anticipated
financial results. Our financial and operational performance depends upon a
number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include:
- the current economic and competitive conditions in the asset-backed
securities market;
- the credit quality of our motor vehicle contracts;
- any operating difficulties or pricing pressures we may experience;
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<PAGE> 14
- our ability to obtain credit enhancement;
- the passage of laws or regulations that affect us adversely; and
- any delays in implementing any strategic projects we may have.
We cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient cash flow from
operations or that we will be able to obtain sufficient funding to satisfy all
of our obligations, including the notes. If we are unable to pay our debts, we
will be required to pursue one or more alternative strategies, such as selling
assets, refinancing or restructuring our indebtedness or selling additional
equity capital. However, we cannot assure you that any alternative strategies
will be feasible at the time or prove adequate. Also, certain strategies would
require the consent of our senior secured and unsecured lenders before we could
take action.
Your right to receive payments on the notes is junior to almost all of our
existing indebtedness and possibly all of our future borrowings.
The notes will be subordinated to the prior payment in full of our current
and future senior indebtedness. As of December 31, 1999, after giving effect to
the sale of the notes, we would have had approximately $278 million of senior
indebtedness outstanding. In addition, we currently have an additional $10
million of subordinated indebtedness which will rank equally with the notes.
Because of the subordination provisions of the notes, in the event of our
bankruptcy, liquidation or dissolution, our assets would be available to pay
obligations under the notes only after all payments had been made on our senior
indebtedness. We cannot assure you that sufficient assets will remain after all
such payments have been made to make any payments on the notes, including
payments of interest when due.
The terms of our credit facilities and the indenture for the notes impose
significant restrictions on our ability and that of our subsidiaries to take
certain actions, which may have an adverse impact on our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
The indenture and our credit facilities impose significant operating and
financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries and require us to meet certain
financial tests. These restrictions may significantly limit or prohibit us from
engaging in certain transactions, including the following:
- incurring or guaranteeing additional indebtedness;
- paying dividends or other distributions to our stockholders or
redeeming, repurchasing or retiring our capital stock or
subordinated obligations;
- making investments;
- making capital expenditures;
- creating liens on our assets;
- issuing or selling capital stock of our subsidiaries;
- transferring or selling assets currently held by us;
- engaging in transactions with affiliates; and
- engaging in mergers or consolidations.
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<PAGE> 15
The failure to comply with any of these covenants or to maintain certain
indebtedness ratios would cause a default under the indenture and our credit
facilities and may cause a default under our other debt agreements which may be
outstanding from time to time. A default, if not waived, could result in
acceleration of our indebtedness, in which case the debt would become
immediately due and payable. If this occurs, we may not be able to repay our
debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if new financing is
available, it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us. Complying with
these covenants may cause us to take actions that are not favorable to holders
of the notes. See "Description of the Notes -- Restrictive Covenants."
We may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to finance the
change of control offer required by the indenture.
If a "change of control," as described in "Description of the
Notes--Repurchase at Option of Holder," occurs, you have the right to require us
to repurchase any or all of the notes you own at a price equal to 101% of the
principal amount thereof, together with any interest we owe you. Upon a change
of control, we may be required immediately to repay the outstanding principal,
any accrued interest on the notes, any amounts owed by us under our credit
facilities and other indebtedness or preferred stock then outstanding. We cannot
assure you that we would be able to repay the amounts outstanding under our
credit facilities or the principal amount outstanding of our other indebtedness
or preferred stock, if applicable, or to obtain the necessary consents to
purchase the notes. Any requirement to offer to purchase any outstanding notes
may result in our having to refinance our outstanding indebtedness, which we may
not be able to do. In addition, even if we were able to refinance such
indebtedness, such financing may be on terms unfavorable to us. If we fail to
repurchase all of the notes tendered for purchase upon the occurrence of a
change of control, such failure would be an event of default under the indenture
and under our credit facilities.
An active trading market may not develop for the notes.
The notes will be new securities for which there is currently no trading
market. We do not intend to apply for listing of the notes on any securities
exchange or for quotation through the National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Quotation system. Although the underwriters have informed us that they
intend to make a market in the notes, the underwriters are not obligated to do
so and may discontinue any such market making at any time without notice. The
liquidity of any market for the notes will depend upon the number of holders of
the notes, the interest of securities dealers in making a market in the notes
and other factors. Accordingly, we cannot assure you as to the development or
liquidity of any market for the notes.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO ONYX
If we are unable to access the capital markets or obtain acceptable
financing, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows would
be materially and adversely affected and we may be unable to make payments on
the notes.
We require a substantial amount of cash liquidity to operate our business.
Among other things, we use such cash liquidity to:
- - acquire motor vehicle contracts;
- - pay dealer participation;
- - pay securitization costs and fund spread accounts;
- - settle hedge transactions;
-10-
<PAGE> 16
- - satisfy working capital requirements and pay operating expenses; and
- - pay interest expense.
When we securitize our motor vehicle contracts, we report a gain on the
sale of those contracts. This gain represents a substantial portion of our
revenues. However, although we report this gain at the time of sale, we receive
the monthly cash payments on these contracts which represent these revenues over
the life of the motor vehicle contracts, rather than at the time of sale.
Similarly, we recover the cash paid by us for dealer participation over the life
of the related motor vehicle contracts, rather than at the time of sale. As a
result, a substantial portion of our reported revenues do not represent
immediate cash liquidity.
Cash generated from our operations has been insufficient to fund our
operations due to our current growth. We expect this to continue so long as the
volume of our purchases of motor vehicle contracts continues to grow. We have
historically funded our operations principally through borrowings from financial
institutions, the sale of equity securities and sales of subordinated notes. We
cannot assure you, however, that:
- - we will have access to the capital markets in the future for equity or
debt issuances or for securitizations; or
- - financing through borrowings or other means will be available on
acceptable terms to satisfy our cash requirements.
See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources" for additional
discussion of our liquidity needs.
If we are unable to arrange new warehousing credit facilities or extend
our existing credit facilities when they come due, our results of operations,
financial condition and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected
and we may be unable to make payments on the notes.
We depend on credit and warehouse facilities with financial institutions
to finance our purchases of motor vehicle contracts. Our business strategy
requires that these credit and warehouse financing sources continue to be
available to us from the time of purchase or origination of a motor vehicle
contract until its sale through a securitization. We describe our credit and
warehouse facilities in more detail under "Management's Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital
Resources"
We depend substantially on warehouse lines of credit with each of Triple-A
One Funding Corporation, Merrill Lynch Mortgage Capital, Inc. and Park Avenue
Receivables Corporation. These warehouse facilities remain available to us only
if, among other things, we comply with certain financial covenants contained in
the documents governing these facilities. We cannot assure you that our
warehouse facilities will be available to us or that financing will be available
to us on favorable terms.
The reduction in availability or loss of access to our residual lines of
credit could materially and adversely affect our operations, financial condition
and cash flows and our ability to make payments on the notes.
When we sell our motor vehicle contracts in securitizations, we receive
cash and a residual interest in the securitized assets. This residual interest
represents the future cash flows to be generated by the motor vehicle contracts
in excess of the interest and principal paid on the securities issued in the
securitization and other costs of servicing the motor vehicle contracts and
completing the securitization.
We typically use the residual interest from each securitization as
collateral to borrow cash to finance our operations. The amount of cash advanced
by our lenders under our residual lines of credit depends on a collateral
formula that is determined in large part by how well our securitized motor
vehicle contracts perform. If our portfolio
-11-
<PAGE> 17
of securitized motor vehicle contracts has higher delinquency and loss ratios
than expected, then the amount of money we could borrow under the residual lines
would be reduced. Our residual lines of credit also require us to meet certain
minimum net worth and operating loss tests and contain covenants restricting
delinquencies, losses, prepayments and net yields of the motor vehicle contracts
included in a securitization.
If we are unable to securitize profitably a sufficient number of our motor
vehicle contracts in a particular financial reporting period, then our revenues
for that period could decline and result in lower income or a loss for that
period and we may be unable to make payments on the notes.
We rely significantly upon securitizations to generate cash proceeds to
repay our warehouse credit facilities and to thereby allow us to finance the
purchase of additional motor vehicle contracts. Further, the gain on sale of
motor vehicle contracts generated by our securitizations represents a
significant portion of our revenues. Our ability to complete securitizations of
our motor vehicle contracts is affected by the following factors, among other
things:
- - conditions in the securities markets generally;
- - conditions in the asset-backed securities market specifically;
- - the credit quality of our portfolio of motor vehicle contracts; and
- - our ability to obtain credit enhancement.
Unanticipated delays in closing a securitization could also increase our
interest rate risk by increasing the warehousing period for our motor vehicle
contracts. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
and Financial Condition -- Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "--
Securitizations."
If we are unable to obtain new financial guarantee insurance policies for
our future securitizations or maintain our existing policies, we could be
subject to higher financing costs, which could have a material adverse effect on
our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and our ability to
make payments on the notes.
In each of our securitizations, we utilize credit enhancement in the form
of a financial guarantee insurance policy issued by MBIA Insurance Corporation,
or its predecessor. Each of these policies unconditionally and irrevocably
guarantees certain interest and principal payments on the securities issued in
our securitizations. These guarantees enable these securities to achieve the
highest rating available. This form of credit enhancement reduces the costs of
our securitizations relative to alternative forms of credit enhancements
currently available to us. MBIA is not required to insure future securitizations
and we are not restricted in our ability to obtain credit enhancement from
providers other than MBIA or to use other forms of credit enhancement. We cannot
assure you that:
- - we will be able to continue to obtain credit enhancement in any form from
MBIA;
- - we will be able to obtain credit enhancement from any other provider of
credit enhancement on acceptable terms; or
- - our future securitizations will be similarly rated.
We also rely on MBIA's financial guarantee insurance policy to reduce our
borrowing cost under our warehouse facilities with Triple-A One and Park Avenue.
If MBIA's credit rating is downgraded or if it withdraws our credit enhancement
for these warehouse facilities, we could be subject to higher interest costs for
our future securitizations and higher financing costs during the warehousing
period.
-12-
<PAGE> 18
Interest rate fluctuations may materially and adversely affect our results
of operations, financial condition and cash flows and our ability to make
payments on the notes.
Our profitability is largely determined by the difference, or "spread,"
between the effective interest rate received by us on the motor vehicle
contracts which we acquire or originate and the interest rates payable under our
credit facilities during the warehousing period and on the securities issued in
our securitizations.
Several factors affect our ability to manage interest rate risk. First, we
purchase or originate motor vehicle contracts at fixed interest rates, while we
borrow under our credit facilities at variable interest rates that are subject
to frequent adjustment to reflect prevailing rates for short-term borrowings. If
the interest rates applicable to our borrowings under our credit facilities
increase during a warehousing period, our policy is to increase the interest
rate that we quote to dealers at which we will purchase motor vehicle contracts
from those dealers or to increase the interest rates we make available to
consumers for motor vehicle contracts originated by us. However, there is
generally a time lag before our increased borrowing costs can be offset by
increases in these buy rates. In certain instances, the rates charged by our
competitors may limit our ability to pass through all or most of our increased
costs of warehousing financing.
Second, our spread can be materially and adversely affected by increases
in the prevailing interest rates in the commercial paper markets after a motor
vehicle contract is purchased or originated and while it is held during the
warehousing period. While our warehouse facilities with Triple-A One and Park
Avenue permit us to select maturities of up to 270 days for commercial paper
issued under those facilities, under these circumstances, our spread would be
reduced if we selected a shorter maturity or experienced a delay in completing a
securitization.
Third, the interest rate demanded by investors in our securitizations is a
function of prevailing market rates for comparable transactions and the general
interest rate environment. Because the motor vehicle contracts that we purchase
or originate have fixed interest rates, we bear the risk of spreads narrowing
because of interest rate increases during the period from the date the motor
vehicle contracts are purchased or originated until the pricing of our
securitization of such motor vehicle contracts. We employ a hedging strategy
that is intended to minimize this risk and which historically has involved the
execution of forward interest rate swaps or the use of a pre-funding structure
for our securitizations. A pre-funding structure utilizes a portion of the
proceeds of the sale of securities in a securitization to purchase motor vehicle
contracts after the initial closing of the securitization. However, we cannot
assure you that this strategy will consistently or completely offset adverse
interest rate movements during the warehousing period or that we will not
sustain losses on hedging transactions. In order to execute our hedging strategy
we must estimate our monthly motor vehicle contract acquisition volume and the
timing of our securitizations. If such estimates are wrong, then our gains on
sales of motor vehicle contracts, results of operations, financial condition and
cash flows could be materially and adversely affected, including our ability to
make payments on the notes.
We also have exposure to interest rate fluctuations under our residual
lines of credit. The interest rates under these lines of credit are based on the
30 day London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR. The applicable interest rate
under our lines of credit based on LIBOR reset on a monthly basis. In periods of
increasing interest rates, our cash flows, results of operations and financial
condition could be adversely affected, including our ability to fulfill our
obligations under the notes.
In addition, we have some interest rate exposure to falling interest rates
to the extent that the interest rates charged on motor vehicle contracts sold in
a securitization with a pre-funding structure decline below the rates prevailing
at the time of pricing of the securities to be issued in that securitization.
This rate decline would reduce the interest rate spread because the interest
rate on the securities issues in the securitization would remain fixed, while
the interest rates charged on the motor vehicle contracts which are purchased
during the pre-funding period would be declining. This would reduce our gain on
sale of our motor vehicle contracts and adversely affect our results of
operations, financial condition and cash flows and our ability to make payments
on the notes.
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<PAGE> 19
If motor vehicle contracts that we purchase or service are prepaid or
experience defaults, this could materially and adversely affect our results of
operations, financial condition and cash flows and our ability to make payments
on the notes.
Our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity,
and consequently our ability to make payments on the notes, depend, to a
material extent, on the performance of motor vehicle contracts which we
purchase, warehouse and securitize. A portion of the motor vehicle contracts
acquired by us may default or prepay during the warehousing period. We bear the
risk of losses resulting from payment defaults during the warehousing period. In
the event of payment default, the collateral value of the motor vehicle securing
a motor vehicle contract may not cover the outstanding principal balance on that
contract and the related costs of recovery. We maintain an allowance for credit
losses on motor vehicle contracts held during the warehousing period which
reflects our estimates of anticipated credit losses during that period. If the
allowance is inadequate, then we would recognize as an expense the losses in
excess of the allowance and our results of operations could be adversely
affected. In addition, under the terms of our warehouse facilities with Triple-A
One and Park Avenue, and our line of credit with Merrill Lynch, we are not able
to borrow against defaulted motor vehicle contracts.
Our servicing income can also be adversely affected by prepayment of, or
defaults under, motor vehicle contracts in our servicing portfolio. Our
contractual servicing revenue is based on a percentage of the outstanding
principal balance of the motor vehicle contracts in our servicing portfolio. If
motor vehicle contracts are prepaid or charged-off, then our servicing revenue
will decline while our servicing costs may not decline proportionately.
The gain on sale of motor vehicle contracts recognized by us in each
securitization and the value of our residual interest in the securitized assets
in each securitization reflects our estimate of future credit losses and
prepayments for the motor vehicle contracts included in such securitization. If
actual rates of credit loss or prepayments, or both, on such motor vehicle
contracts exceed our estimates, the value of our residual interest would be
impaired. We periodically review our credit loss and prepayment assumptions
relative to the performance of the securitized motor vehicle contracts and to
market conditions. Our results of operations and liquidity could be adversely
affected if credit loss or prepayment levels on securitized motor vehicle
contracts substantially exceed anticipated levels. If necessary, we would write
down the value of our residual interest through a reduction to servicing fee
income. Further, any write down of our residual interest would reduce the amount
available to us under our residual lines, thus requiring us to pay down amounts
outstanding under the facilities or provide additional collateral to cure the
borrowing base deficiency.
The loss of our servicing rights could materially and adversely affect our
results of operations, financial condition and cash flows and our ability to
make payments on the notes.
Our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, and our
ability to make payments on the notes, would be materially and adversely
affected if any of the following were to occur:
- - the loss of our servicing rights under the sale and servicing agreement
for either of our warehouse facilities with Triple-A One or Park Avenue;
- - the loss of our servicing rights under the applicable pooling and
servicing or sale and servicing agreement relating to motor vehicle
contracts which we have sold in our securitizations;
- - the occurrence of certain trigger events under the insurance agreement
between us and MBIA in each of our securitizations that would block the
release of future servicing cash flows from the spread accounts in those
securitizations; or
- - the occurrence of certain trigger events under our Merrill Line that would
allow Merrill Lynch to proceed against any assets they hold pursuant to
any agreement with us or any of our affiliates.
-14-
<PAGE> 20
We are entitled to receive servicing income only while we act as servicer
under the applicable sales and servicing agreement or pooling and servicing
agreement for motor vehicle contracts which we have securitized and sold. Under
our warehouse facilities with Triple-A One and Park Avenue, MBIA can terminate
our right to act as servicer upon the occurrence of certain events, including:
- - our failure generally to observe and perform covenants and agreements
applicable to us;
- - certain bankruptcy events involving us; or
- - the occurrence of certain events of default under the documents governing
the facilities.
The success of our operations depends on certain key personnel.
Our future operating results depend in significant part upon the continued
service of our key senior management personnel, none of whom is bound by an
employment agreement. Our future operating results also depend in part upon our
ability to attract and retain qualified management, technical, and sales and
support personnel for our operations. Competition for such personnel is intense.
We cannot assure you that we will be successful in attracting or retaining such
personnel. The loss of any key employee, the failure of any key employee to
perform in his or her current position or our inability to attract and retain
skilled employees, as needed, could materially and adversely affect our results
of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Increased competition could materially and adversely affect our operations
and profitability.
Competition in the field of financing retail motor vehicle sales is
intense. The automobile finance market is highly fragmented and historically has
been serviced by a variety of financial entities including the captive finance
affiliates of major automotive manufacturers, banks, savings associations,
independent finance companies, credit unions and leasing companies. Several of
these competitors have greater financial resources than we do. Many of these
competitors also have long-standing relationships with automobile dealerships
and offer dealerships or their customers other forms of financing or services
not provided by us. Our ability to compete successfully depends largely upon our
relationships with dealerships and the willingness of dealerships to offer to us
for purchase those motor vehicle contracts that meet our underwriting criteria.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to compete successfully in
the markets we serve.
Adverse economic conditions could materially and adversely effect our
revenues and cash flows.
Our business is dependent upon the sale of motor vehicles. Our ability to
continue to acquire motor vehicle contracts in the markets in which we operate
and to expand into additional markets is dependent upon the overall level of
sales of new and used motor vehicles in those markets. A prolonged downturn in
the sale of new and used motor vehicles, whether nationwide or in the states
where our motor vehicle contracts are geographically concentrated, could have a
material adverse impact upon us, our results of operations and our ability to
implement our business strategy. Similarly, adverse economic conditions or other
factors particularly affecting the states in which our motor vehicle contracts
are geographically concentrated might adversely affect the performance of those
contracts, including the level of delinquencies, which could materially and
adversely affect our results of operation, financial condition and cash flows
and our ability to perform our obligations under the notes.
The automobile industry generally is sensitive to adverse economic
conditions both nationwide and in California. Periods of rising interest rates,
reduced economic activity or higher rates of unemployment generally result in a
reduction in the rate of sales of motor vehicles and higher default rates on
motor vehicle loans. We cannot assure you that such economic conditions will not
occur, or that such conditions will not result in severe
-15-
<PAGE> 21
reductions in our revenues or the cash flows available to us to permit us to
remain current on our credit facilities or materially and adversely affect our
ability to make payments on the notes.
We are subject to many regulations.
Our business is subject to numerous federal and state consumer protection
laws and regulations, which, among other things:
- - require us to obtain and maintain certain licenses and qualifications;
- - limit the interest rates, fees and other charges we are allowed to charge;
- - limit or prescribe certain other terms of our motor vehicle contracts;
- - require specific disclosures; and
- - define our rights to repossess and sell collateral.
We believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with all
such laws and regulations, and that such laws and regulations have had no
material adverse effect on our ability to operate our business. However, we will
be materially and adversely affected if we fail to comply with:
- - applicable laws and regulations;
- - changes in existing laws or regulations;
- - changes in the interpretation of existing laws or regulations; or
- - any additional laws or regulations that may be enacted in the future.
See "Business -- Government Regulation"
We are subject to litigation risks.
We are party to various legal proceedings, similar to actions brought
against other companies in the motor vehicle finance industry. Companies in the
motor vehicle finance industry have been named as defendants in an increasing
number of class action lawsuits brought by purchasers of motor vehicles claiming
violation of various federal and state consumer credit and similar laws and
regulations. We are defendants in three such consumer class action lawsuits,
one of which was served on us in 2000. One such proceeding served in 1999, in
which we are a defendant, has been brought as a putative class action and is
pending in the State of California. A class has yet to be certified in this case
in which the plaintiffs allege certain defects in post-repossession notice forms
in the State of California. Another proceeding also served in 1999, in which
we are a defendant, has been brought as a putative class action and also is
pending in the State of California. A class was certified in 2000; in this
matter, the plaintiffs raise issues regarding the payment of dealer
participation to dealers.
On January 25, 2000, a putative class action complaint was filed against
us and certain of our officers and directors alleging violations of Section
10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 arising from our use
of the cash-in method of measuring and accounting for credit enhancement assets
in our financial statements. We believe that our previous use of the cash-in
method of measuring and accounting for credit enhancement assets was consistent
with then current generally accepted accounting principles and accounting
practices of other finance companies. As required by Financial Accounting
Standards Board's Special Report, "A Guide to Implementation of
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<PAGE> 22
Statement 125 on Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and
Extinguishment of Liabilities, Second Edition," dated December 1998 and related
statements made by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we
retroactively changed the method of measuring and accounting for credit
enhancement assets to the cash-out method and restated our financial statements
for 1996, 1997 and the first three fiscal quarters of 1998. We intend to
vigorously defend against the complaint.
While we intend to vigorously defend ourselves against such proceedings,
there is a chance that our results of operations, financial condition and cash
flows could be materially and adversely affected by unfavorable outcomes.
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE YEAR 2000 PROBLEM
Because of the nature of our consumer finance business and the increasing
number of electronic transactions in the industry, we have come to rely on our
in-house and third party computer systems, business applications and other
information technology systems. Historically, many information technology
systems were developed to recognize the year as a two-digit number, with the
digits "00" being recognized as the year 1900. The year 2000 presents a number
of potential problems for such systems, including potentially significant
processing errors or failure. Given our reliance on our computer systems, our
results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially
adversely affected by any significant errors or failures.
In the event that the we do not complete any additional phases of our
plan, we may be unable to perform our key operating activities, such as the
purchase of motor vehicle contracts and the invoicing, collecting and
application of obligor payments. We could be subject to litigation for computer
systems failure, such as improper application of payments and resulting
incorrect credit reporting to credit bureaus. In addition, disruptions in the
economy generally resulting from Year 2000 issues could also materially
adversely affect us. The amount of potential liability and lost revenue cannot
reasonably be estimated at this time.
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<PAGE> 23
USE OF PROCEEDS
We expect to receive approximately $10.1 million of net proceeds from this
offering after deducting the underwriters' discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds to
prepay a portion of the amounts outstanding under our residual line of credit
with Salomon Smith Barney Realty Inc. This line bore interest at a weighted
average rate of 7.94% as of December 31, 1999. We used amounts borrowed under
the residual lines to fund our operating requirements. We will continue to
utilize these lines of credit as the need arises. To the extent any proceeds are
remaining following the pre-payment of our residual line of credit with Salomon
Smith Barney Realty Inc., we will use such proceeds to meet our general working
capital requirements.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization, as of December 31,
1999, and as adjusted to give effect to the sale of $12 million principal amount
of the notes and the application of the estimated net proceeds. For a
description of the application of the net proceeds, see "Use of Proceeds." You
should read this information together with the historical consolidated financial
statements and notes thereto contained in this prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
-------------------------------
ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
DEBT:
Warehouse Borrowings ............................................... $ 232,287,908 $ 232,287,908
Residual Facilities ................................................ 55,879,341 45,809,341
Subordinated Loan .................................................. 10,000,000 10,000,000
Other Debt ......................................................... 348,058 348,058
12-1/2% Subordinated Notes due 2006 ................................ -- 12,000,000
------------- -------------
Total debt: ............................................... 298,515,307 300,445,307
------------- -------------
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Series A Participating Preferred stock $.01 par value,
200,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding ..... -- --
Preferred stock (undesignated), $.01 par value, 2,800,000
shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding ............. -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized;
6,177,804 shares issued and outstanding ......................... 61,778 61,778
Additional paid-in capital ......................................... 37,892,071 37,892,071
Retained earnings .................................................. 15,714,771 15,714,771
Accumulated other comprehensive loss ............................... (560,596) (560,596)
------------- -------------
Total stockholders' equity: ............................... 53,108,024 53,108,024
------------- -------------
Total capitalization: ..................................... $ 351,623,331 $ 353,553,331
============= =============
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 24
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth our selected historical financial
information as of and for each of the years in the five-year period ended
December 31, 1999. The information as of December 31, 1998 and 1999 and for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999, is derived from our
audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included
in this prospectus. You should read the following information together with our
historical consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto
included in this prospectus, and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Conditions and Results of Operations."
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,(6)
------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
--------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net interest income .............................. $ 2,225 $ 4,140 $ 5,036 $ 7,312 $ 6,146
Servicing fee income ............................. 1,381 3,236 9,189 16,663 28,877
Gain on sale of contracts ........................ 2,012 15,251 19,586 36,417 53,920
--------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues ................................... 5,618 22,627 33,811 60,392 88,943
--------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
Provision for credit losses ...................... 465 266 785 1,580 1,246
Operating expenses ............................... 8,340 15,394 30,740 48,427 70,959
--------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
Total expenses ................................... 8,805 15,660 31,525 50,007 72,205
--------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
Income (loss) before income taxes ................ (3,187) 6,967 2,286 10,385 16,738
Income taxes ..................................... 0 851 984 4,310 6,946
--------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
Net income (loss) ................................ $ (3,187) $ 6,116 $ 1,302 $ 6,075 $ 9,792
========= ======== ======== ========== ==========
Net income (loss) available to common
shareholders ................................... $ (3,763) $ 6,116 $ 1,302 $ 6,075 $ 9,792
OPERATING DATA:
Contracts purchased during the period ............ $ 199,397 $319,840 $605,905 $1,038,535 $1,559,004
Number of contracts purchased during
the period ..................................... 16,571 26,244 50,214 86,150 127,628
Contracts securitized and sold during
the period ..................................... $ 105,000 $405,514 $527,276 $ 926,760 $1,450,000
Number of active dealerships (at end of
period) ........................................ 769 1,471 2,846 5,401 7,617
Operating expenses as a percentage of the
average servicing portfolio during the
period(1) ...................................... 5.9% 4.9% 5.5% 4.7% 4.1%
SELECTED PORTFOLIO DATA:
Servicing portfolio (at end of period) ........... $ 218,207 $400,665 $757,277 $1,345,961 $2,133,460
Average servicing portfolio during the
period(1)....................................... $ 141,029 $311,340 $563,343 $1,023,237 $1,728,875
Number of contracts in servicing portfolio
(at end of period) ............................. 20,156 38,275 73,502 131,862 209,745
Weighted average annual percentage rate
(at end of period)(2) ......................... 15.00% 14.72% 14.66% 14.72% 14.77%
Delinquencies as a percentage of the
dollar amount of servicing portfolio (at
end of period) ................................. 1.20% 2.03% 2.51% 2.83% 3.24%
Net charge-offs as a percentage of the
average servicing portfolio during the
period(1) ...................................... 0.37% 1.63% 2.03% 1.72% 1.85%
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 25
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
--------- ------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents ............................. $ 1,623 $ 603 $ 991 $ 1,929 $ 5,190
Contracts held for sale(3) ............................ 116,893 12,238 63,380 151,952 229,475
Credit enhancement assets ............................. 12,390 37,144 71,736 112,953 142,884
Total assets .......................................... 136,077 54,083 141,836 275,422 393,835
Warehouse borrowings .................................. 112,380 10,108 60,506 150,044 232,288
Excess servicing credit and residual lines ............. 9,569 2,500 30,000 49,556 55,879
Subordinated debt ..................................... 10,000 0 0 10,000 10,000
Stockholders' equity (deficit) ........................ (7,896) 36,358 37,717 43,824 53,108
Redeemable Series A Preferred Stock ................... 9,379 -- -- -- --
OTHER DATA:
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(4) ................. 0.48x 2.21x 1.29x 1.68x 1.86x
EBITDA(5) ............................................. $ 3,507 $13,328 $ 10,742 $ 27,128 $ 38,507
Ratio of EBITDA to cash interest expenses(5) .......... 0.74x 1.96x 1.53x 1.92x 2.19x
</TABLE>
- --------------
(1) Averages are based on daily balances.
(2) The weighted averages are based on Contracts outstanding at the end of the
period.
(3) Contracts held for sale excludes dealer participation and allowance for
credit losses.
(4) For purposes of computing our ratios of earnings to fixed charges, we
calculated earnings by adding fixed charges to income before income taxes.
Fixed charges consist of gross interest expense and one third of our rent
expense, which is the amount we believe is representative of the interest
factor component of our rent expense.
(5) EBITDA consists of earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation
and amortization. EBITDA is presented as additional information because it
is a commonly used financial measure. We also believe it to be a useful
indicator of our ability to meet our debt service requirements. We do not,
however, intend it to be an alternative measure of operating results or
cash flow from operations.
(6) As required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Special Report,
"A Guide to Implementation of Statement 125 on Accounting for Transfers
and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities,
Second Edition", dated December 1998, and related guidance set forth in
statements made by the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission on
December 8, 1998, our consolidated financial statements for 1996, 1997 and
the first three fiscal quarters of 1998 have been restated to reflect the
change in the method of measuring and accounting for credit enhancement
assets on our securitization transactions to the cash-out method from the
cash-in method.
-20-
<PAGE> 26
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
We are a specialized consumer finance company engaged principally in the
business of providing indirect automobile financing to franchised new car
dealerships and select used car dealerships throughout the United States. We
primarily purchase motor vehicle contracts from such dealerships. We focus our
efforts on acquiring motor vehicle contracts that are secured by late model used
motor vehicles and, to a lesser extent, new motor vehicles, that were entered
into with purchasers whom we believe have favorable credit profiles. Since we
started purchasing, originating and servicing motor vehicle contracts in
February 1994, we have purchased or originated more than $3.8 billion in motor
vehicle contracts from approximately 7,600 dealers, and we have expanded our
operations from a single office in Orange County, California to major markets
throughout the United States.
We generate revenues primarily through the purchase, warehousing,
subsequent securitization and ongoing servicing of motor vehicle contracts. We
earn net interest income on motor vehicle contracts held during the warehousing
period. Upon the securitization and sale of motor vehicle contracts, we:
- - recognize a gain on sale of the motor vehicle contracts;
- - receive future servicing cash flows; and
- - earn fees from servicing the securitized motor vehicle contracts.
The following table illustrates the changes in our motor vehicle contract
acquisition volume, total revenue, securitization activity and servicing
portfolio during the past three fiscal years.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts purchased during the period ................... $605,905 $1,038,535 $1,559,004
Average monthly purchases during the period ............. 50,492 86,544 129,917
Gain on sale of contracts ............................... 19,586 36,417 53,920
Total revenues(1) ....................................... 33,811 60,392 88,943
Contracts securitized and sold during the period ........ 527,276 926,760 1,450,000
Servicing portfolio at period end ....................... 757,277 1,345,961 2,133,460
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) Total revenues is comprised of net interest income, servicing fee income
and gain on sale of contracts.
-21-
<PAGE> 27
Motor Vehicle Contracts Purchased and Servicing Portfolio
Since our inception, our purchased volume of motor vehicle contracts has
grown significantly. Our acquisition volume for the year ended December 31, 1999
was $1.6 billion compared to $1.0 billion in 1998 and $605.9 million in 1997,
representing an increase of 65% from 1997 to 1998 and an increase of 60% from
1998 to 1999. This growth in acquisition volume is attributable primarily to:
- - the opening of four additional auto finance centers during 1998 and three
additional auto finance centers during 1999; and
- - increased purchases from existing dealers.
Our increase in motor vehicle contract acquisition volume has resulted in
the growth in our servicing portfolio. Our servicing portfolio at December 31,
1999 was $2.1 billion, compared to 1.3 billion at December 31, 1998 and $757.3
million at December 31, 1997, an increase of 72% from 1997 to 1998 and 62% from
1998 to 1999.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income consists primarily of the difference between the
finance revenues earned on motor vehicle contracts held on our balance sheet
during the warehousing period and the interest costs associated with our
borrowings to purchase such motor vehicle contracts. The following table
illustrates the weighted average yield on motor vehicle contracts held on
balance sheet, the weighted average rate paid on warehouse borrowings to fund
these motor vehicle contracts and the corresponding net interest margin realized
by us for the periods shown.
NET INTEREST INCOME MARGIN
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1997 1998 1999
------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Yield on contracts(1) ................................... 13.85% 13.96% 13.63%
Cost of warehouse borrowings ............................ 6.76 6.72 6.32
------ ------ ------
Net interest income margin .............................. 7.09% 7.24% 7.31%
====== ====== ======
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) The yield on contracts is net of dealer participation amortized expenses.
To arrive at net interest income, we also deduct the interest associated
with non-warehouse borrowings, including interest expense incurred on
subordinated debt, residual and excess servicing lines, capital lease
outstandings and other miscellaneous long term borrowings.
Gain on Sale of Motor Vehicle Contracts
We compute a gain on sale on our motor vehicle contracts that we
securitize based on the present value of the estimated future excess cash flows
to be received from those contracts using the following assumptions:
- - We assume an average prepayment speed on the underlying motor vehicle
contracts of 1.75% ABS. "ABS" refers to the "Absolute Payment Model,"
which represents an assumed rate of prepayment, including defaults, each
month relative to the original number of motor vehicle contracts
underlying a particular securitization. ABS further assumes that each
motor vehicle contract in each month of its life will either be paid as
scheduled or be prepaid in full. For example, in a pool of motor vehicle
contracts
-22-
<PAGE> 28
originally containing 10,000 contracts, a 1.75% ABS rate means that 175
motor vehicle contracts prepay or default each month;
- - We use a discount rate equal to the weighted average interest rate on the
securities issued in the related securitization, plus 3.5% to 4.5%; and
- - We currently utilize a lifetime loss ranging from 3.5% to 4.0% of the
original balance of the motor vehicle contracts.
We record gains on sale as a credit enhancement asset on our statement of
financial condition. We adjust the gain recorded in the statement of income for
prepaid dealer participation, issuance costs and the effect of hedging
activities. We periodically review the assumptions described above. To the
extent the assumptions used are materially different from actual results, the
amount of cash we receive over the remaining life of the securitization would be
significantly affected and we may be required to take a charge to servicing fee
income which could have a material adverse affect on our results of operations,
financial condition and cash flows.
The amount of motor vehicle contracts which we securitize and the net
interest rate spread on those contracts affects our gain on sale of those
contracts. The following table illustrates the net interest rate spread for each
of our outstanding securitizations:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SECURITIZATION TRANSACTIONS(5)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REMAINING WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
BALANCE AT AVERAGE AVERAGE
ORIGINAL DECEMBER 31, CONTRACT INVESTOR GROSS NET
SECURITIZATIONS BALANCE 1999 RATE(1) RATE(2) SPREAD(3) SPREAD(4)
--------------- ---------- ------------ -------- --------- -------- --------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1994-1 Grantor Trust........... $ 38,601 Paid in Full 13.75% 6.90% 6.85% 1.94%
1995-1 Grantor Trust........... 105,000 Paid in Full 14.94 7.00 7.94 1.86
1996-1 Grantor Trust........... 100,500 $ 4,923 15.07 5.40 9.67 3.83
1996-2 Grantor Trust........... 85,013 7,665 14.84 6.40 8.44 3.61
1996-3 Grantor Trust........... 120,000 15,271 14.54 6.45 8.09 3.14
1996-4 Grantor Trust........... 100,000 17,148 14.80 6.20 8.60 3.28
1997-1 Grantor Trust........... 90,000 19,113 13.86 6.55 7.31 2.78
1997-2 Grantor Trust........... 121,676 30,802 14.85 6.35 8.50 3.11
1997-3 Grantor Trust........... 149,600 46,996 14.77 6.35 8.42 3.30
1997-4 Grantor Trust........... 166,000 60,118 14.69 6.30 8.39 3.27
1998-1 Grantor Trust........... 173,000 72,133 14.91 5.95 8.96 3.40
1998-A Owner Trust............. 208,759 100,434 14.73 5.87 8.86 3.34
1998-B Owner Trust............. 250,000 140,356 14.73 5.78 8.95 3.18
1998-C Owner Trust............. 280,000 176,354 14.89 5.72 9.17 3.51
1999-A Owner Trust............. 310,000 213,417 14.33 5.73 8.60 3.44
1999-B Owner Trust............. 350,000 276,098 14.65 5.86 8.79 3.54
1999-C Owner Trust............. 400,000 350,806 14.82 6.62 8.20 2.86
1999-D Owner Trust 390,000 365,607 15.01 6.90 8.11 2.87
---------- ------------
TOTAL.................... $3,438,149 $ 1,897,241
========== ============
</TABLE>
-23-
<PAGE> 29
(1) As of related cut-off date. This is the weighted average of the
interest rate on the securitized motor vehicle contracts.
(2) This is the weighted average interest rate on the securities issued
in connection with the related securitization.
(3) This is the difference between the weighted average contract rate
and weighted average investor rate as of the issue date.
(4) This is the difference between the weighted average contract rate
and weighted average investor rate, net of underwriting costs, other
issuance costs, servicing fees, estimated credit losses, ongoing
financial guarantee insurance policy premiums, and the hedging gain
or loss.
(5) We assume an average prepayment speed of 1.75% ABS, a discount rate
ranging from 3.5% to 4.5% above the weighted average investor rate,
and utilize a lifetime loss rate ranging from 3.5% to 4.0% of the
original balance, for all remaining securitizations.
In February 2000, we completed a securitization in the amount of $430
million with a weighted average contract rate of 14.86%, a weighted average
investor rate of 7.26%, a gross spread of 7.60% and a net spread of 2.67%.
Servicing Fee Income
We earn contractual servicing at a rate of 1.0% per annum on the
outstanding principal balance of the motor vehicle contracts which we
securitize, consistent with industry standards. Our servicing fee income is
related to the number and amount of contracts we service and also includes
investment interest, extension fees, document fees and other fees charged to
customer accounts.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Income
We had net income of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1999,
compared to net income of $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1998 and
$1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase in net income
from 1998 to 1999 was due to several factors, including:
- - a 59% increase in the dollar volume of motor vehicle contracts which we
securitized, resulting in an 48% increase in gains on sale;
- - higher excess servicing fee income due to improved performance of the
motor vehicle contracts that we have securitized and an increase in the
size of our serviced portfolio; and
- - improvements in our cost structure which resulted in a decline in
operating expenses as a percentage of our average servicing portfolio to
4.1% in 1999 from 4.7% in 1998.
The increase in net income from 1997 to 1998 was primarily attributable to a 73%
increase in the dollar volume of motor vehicle contracts which we securitized,
which resulted in an 86% increase in gains on sale.
-24-
<PAGE> 30
Net Interest Income
Net interest income declined by 16% to $6.1 million for 1999, from $7.3
million during 1998, but increased from $5.0 million during 1997. The reduction
from 1998 to 1999 was principally due to a growing percentage of more expensive
non-warehouse borrowings relative to warehouse debt in our capital structure,
which more than offset a 0.07% increase in net interest income margin to 7.31%
in 1999 from 7.24% in 1998. The 46% increase in net interest income from 1997 to
1998 was due to a combination of a 0.15% increase in net interest income margins
and an increase in the average amount of motor vehicle contracts held for sale.
The average amount of motor vehicle contracts held for sale increased to $148.6
million in 1998 from $85.7 million in 1997.
Servicing Fee Income
Servicing fee income increased to $28.9 million for the year ended
December 31, 1999, from $16.7 million for the year ended December 31, 1998, and
from $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase was
attributable to a significant increase in the size of our average sold servicing
portfolio in addition to the improved performance of securitized motor vehicle
contracts. For the year ended December 31, 1999, the size of our average sold
servicing portfolio increased to $1.6 billion from $874.6 million in 1998 and
from $477.6 million in 1997.
Gain on Sale of Motor Vehicle Contracts
We completed four securitizations totaling $1.45 billion during the year
ended December 31, 1999, resulting in gains on sale of motor vehicle contracts
of $53.9 million, compared to four securitizations totaling $911.8 million and a
sale in the amount of $15 million during the year ended December 31, 1998,
resulting in gains on sale of motor vehicle contracts totaling $36.4 million.
For the year ended December 31, 1997, we completed four securitizations totaling
$527.3 million resulting in gains on sale of motor vehicle contracts of $19.6
million. The weighted average net spread on our securitizations in 1999 was
3.15%, compared to 3.36% in 1998 and 3.16% in 1997.
Interest rate spread is affected by product mix, general market conditions
and overall market interest rates. The risks inherent in interest rate
fluctuations are reduced through our hedging activities. To protect against
changes in interest rates, we hedge our motor vehicle contracts prior to their
securitization with forward interest rate swap agreements. We include the gains
or losses on these forward interest rate swap agreements as part of the basis of
the underlying motor vehicle contracts, and we recognize these gains or losses
when the related motor vehicle contracts are securitized.
Provision for Credit Losses
We maintain an allowance for credit losses to cover anticipated losses for
motor vehicle contracts held for sale. We increase the allowance for credit
losses by adjusting the provision for credit losses to cover additional motor
vehicle contracts originated and increases in loss estimates, and we decrease
the allowance by actual losses on the motor vehicle contracts held for sale or
by the reduction of the amount of motor vehicle contracts held for sale. The
level of the allowance is based principally on the outstanding balance of motor
vehicle contracts held for sale and the historical loss trends for the period of
time the contracts are held before being sold in a securitization. When we sell
motor vehicle contracts in a securitization transaction, we reduce our allowance
for credit losses and we factor potential losses into our calculation of gain on
sale. We believe that the allowance for credit losses is currently adequate to
absorb potential losses.
The provision for credit losses totaled $1.2 million during the year ended
December 31, 1999, compared to $1.6 million for the same period in 1998 and $0.8
million during 1997. The reduction in provision for credit losses in 1999
relative to 1998 was due primarily to a reduction in the year over year net
change in motor vehicle contracts
-25-
<PAGE> 31
held for sale. The increase in provision for credit losses in 1998 relative to
1997 was primarily due to the increase in the year over year net change in motor
vehicle contracts held for sale. At year-end 1999, motor vehicle contracts held
for sale had increased $77.5 million over year-end 1998, while at year-end 1998,
motor vehicle contracts held for sale had increased $88.6 million over year-end
1997.
Salaries and Benefits Expense
We incurred salary and benefit expenses of $40.0 million during the year
ended December 31, 1999, compared to $26.8 million during the year ended
December 31, 1998, and $17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 1997. In
order to support the growth of our operations and our servicing portfolio, our
number of employees increased from 319 at December 31, 1997 to 526 at December
31, 1998 and to 715 at December 31, 1999.
Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses, which include depreciation, occupancy and
general and administrative expenses, increased to $30.9 million at December 31,
1999, from $21.7 million at December 31, 1998, and from $13.3 million at
December 31, 1997. The majority of the increases were due to the growth of the
average servicing portfolio from $563.3 million at December 31, 1997 to $1.02
billion at December 31, 1998 and to $1.7 billion at December 31, 1999.
Additionally, we opened additional auto finance centers during the years ended
December 31, 1999, December 31, 1998, and December 31, 1997.
Income Taxes
We file federal and certain state tax returns as part of a consolidated
group. Tax liabilities from the consolidated returns are allocated in accordance
with a tax sharing agreement based on the relative income or loss of each entity
on a stand-alone basis. Our effective tax rate was 41.5% for 1999 and 1998 and
43.0% for 1997. The reduction in tax rates between 1998 and 1997 is due to lower
tax rates in the states where we have opened new auto finance centers.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Contracts Held for Sale
Motor vehicle contracts held for sale totaled $230.0 million at December
31, 1999, compared to $152.8 million at December 31, 1998. The number and
principal balance of motor vehicle contracts held for sale is largely dependent
upon the timing and size of our securitizations. The increase in the amount of
motor vehicle contracts held for sale from year-end 1998 to year-end 1999 is
primarily attributable to our higher contract volume during the respective
warehousing periods. We believe that the allowance for credit losses is
currently adequate to absorb potential losses in the owned portfolio. The
allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 1999 was approximately $1.4
million compared to 1.0 million as of December 31, 1998. See Note 4 to our
consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion of motor
vehicle contracts held for sale and allowance for credit losses.
-26-
<PAGE> 32
The following table illustrates the changes in the our motor vehicle
contract acquisition volume, securitization activity and servicing portfolio
during the past five fiscal quarters:
SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEPT. 30, DEC. 31,
1998 1999 1999 1999 1999
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts purchased or originated during
the period ...................................... $ 304,200 $ 357,757 $ 374,075 $ 398,802 $ 428,370
Average monthly purchases during the period .......... 101,400 119,252 124,691 132,934 142,790
Gain on sale of contracts ............................ 10,506 12,328 14,470 13,723 13,399
Total revenues ....................................... 18,414 19,568 22,673 23,626 23,076
Contracts securitized during the period .............. 280,000 310,000 350,000 400,000 390,000
Servicing portfolio (at end of period) ............... $1,345,961 $1,542,612 $1,729,338 $1,924,881 $2,133,460
</TABLE>
Credit Enhancement Assets
Our credit enhancement assets consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
--------------------
1998 1999
-------- --------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Trust receivable ........................................ $ 3,713 $ 5,713
Retained interest in securitized assets ................. 109,241 137,171
-------- --------
TOTAL ............................................... $112,954 $142,884
======== ========
</TABLE>
Trust receivables represent servicer advances and initial deposits in
spread accounts.
The retained interest in securitized assets, or RISA, consists of the
estimated present value of future servicing cash flows from our related
securitizations. We compute future servicing cash flows by taking into account
certain assumptions principally regarding prepayments, losses and servicing
costs. We then discount these cash flows at a market-based rate until the spread
account under the related securitization releases that cash to us. The following
table provides historical data regarding the RISA. Included in RISA is
restricted cash of $35.8 million and $32.7 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998
respectively.
The balance of the RISA is amortized on a monthly basis over the expected
repayment life of the underlying motor vehicle contracts. RISA is classified in
a manner similar to available for sale securities and as such is marked to
market each quarter. Market value changes are calculated by discounting the
excess spread using a current market discount rate. Any changes in the market
value of the RISA is reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity on
our consolidated statements of financial condition as accumulated other
comprehensive income, or loss, net of applicable taxes.
-27-
<PAGE> 33
RETAINED INTEREST IN SECURITIZED ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------
1998 1999
--------- ---------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Beginning balance ................................................ $ 64,358 $ 109,241
Additions ........................................................ 80,633 101,586
Amortization ..................................................... (35,750) (72,704)
Change in unrealized loss on securities available for sale ....... 0 (952)
--------- ---------
Ending balance ................................................... $ 109,241 $ 137,171
========= =========
</TABLE>
Asset Quality
We monitor and attempt to minimize delinquencies and losses through timely
collections and the use of a predictive dialing system as described under
"Business - Collection Procedures." At December 31, 1999, delinquencies of
thirty days or more represented 3.24% of the amount of motor vehicle contracts
in our servicing portfolio, compared to 2.83% at December 31, 1998 and 2.51% at
December 31, 1997. Net charge-offs were 1.85% for the year ended December 31,
1999, compared to 1.72% and 2.03% for the years ended December 31, 1998 and
1997, respectively. The levels of delinquencies at December 31, 1999, increased
over December 31, 1998, primarily due to the difficulties we experienced in
attracting and retaining qualified collection staff as a result of a tight labor
market and aggressive pursuit by local competitors for these skilled positions.
The levels of delinquencies at December 31, 1998 increased over December 31,
1997 primarily due to the relocation of our collection and customer service
areas in conjunction with the relocation of our corporate headquarters beginning
in December of 1998. The increase in loan losses from 1998 to 1999 is directly
correlated to the rise in delinquencies.
We have increased our off balance sheet reserves as a percentage of our
serviced portfolio sold. Our reserves have increased from 3.68% at December 31,
1997 to 4.31% at December 31, 1998 to 4.42% at December 31, 1999. Off balance
sheet reserves are those reserves established upon the sale of motor vehicle
contracts to the grantor and owner trusts created in connection with our
securitization of motor vehicle contracts.
-28-
<PAGE> 34
The following table sets forth the delinquency experience of the servicing
portfolio.
DELINQUENCY EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICING PORTFOLIO
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Servicing portfolio .................... $757,277 $1,345,961 $2,133,460
Delinquencies(1)(2)
31-59 days ....................... $ 11,902 $ 26,410 $ 38,376
60 - 89 days ..................... 3,370 6,876 16,596
90+ days ......................... 3,743 4,790 14,203
-------- ---------- ----------
Total .................................. $ 19,015 $ 38,076 $ 69,175
======== ========== ==========
Total delinquencies as a percent
of servicing portfolio ........... 2.51% 2.83% 3.24%
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Delinquencies include principal amounts only, net of repossessed
inventory.
(2) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days payments are
contractually past due.
The following table sets forth the loan loss experience of our servicing
portfolio for the periods indicated.
LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICING PORTFOLIO
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- ----------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Number of contracts ........................ 73,502 131,862 209,745
Period end servicing portfolio ............. $757,277 $ 1,345,961 $2,133,460
Average servicing portfolio(1) ............. $563,343 $ 1,023,237 $1,728,875
Number of gross charge-offs ................ 2,161 3,761 6,398
Gross charge-offs .......................... $ 13,076 $ 20,640 $ 37,024
Net charge-offs(2) ......................... $ 11,434 $ 17,618 $ 31,963
Net charge-offs as a percent of
average servicing portfolio ............ 2.03% 1.72% 1.85%
On and off balance sheet reserves as
a percent of period end
serviced portfolio sold ............... 3.42% 3.87% 4.00%
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Average is based on daily balances.
(2) Net charge-offs are gross charge-offs minus recoveries on contracts
previously charged off.
-29-
<PAGE> 35
The following table illustrates the monthly cumulative net charge-offs of
each of our securitized pools outstanding for the period from the date of
securitization through December 31, 1999.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MONTH 96-1 96-2 96-3 96-4 97-1 97-2 97-3 97-4 98-1 98-A 98-B 98-C 99-A 99-B 99-C 99-D
- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
2 0.03% 0.07% 0.02% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00%
3 0.05% 0.20% 0.07% 0.05% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.03% 0.03% 0.01%
4 0.11% 0.33% 0.16% 0.14% 0.06% 0.07% 0.09% 0.04% 0.08% 0.07% 0.08% 0.04% 0.05% 0.07% 0.06%
5 0.23% 0.46% 0.43% 0.24% 0.13% 0.22% 0.13% 0.11% 0.14% 0.14% 0.19% 0.15% 0.11% 0.14% 0.16%
6 0.40% 0.78% 0.54% 0.38% 0.26% 0.32% 0.24% 0.20% 0.24% 0.23% 0.33% 0.27% 0.21% 0.27%
7 0.69% 0.98% 0.74% 0.53% 0.37% 0.59% 0.36% 0.28% 0.40% 0.37% 0.45% 0.46% 0.35% 0.43%
8 0.82% 1.15% 0.97% 0.81% 0.52% 0.80% 0.47% 0.43% 0.53% 0.42% 0.61% 0.57% 0.49% 0.60%
9 0,93% 1.39% 1.13% 0.98% 0.60% 0.91% 0.62% 0.55% 0.68% 0.51% 0.82% 0.74% 0.63%
10 1.15% 1.52% 1.32% 1.18% 0.76% 1.07% 0.73% 0.72% 0.85% 0.70% 0.95% 0.94% 0.81%
11 1.25% 1.69% 1.47% 1.43% 0.92% 1.26% 0.81% 0.87% 1.04% 0.85% 1.10% 1.12% 1.04%
12 1.47% 1.94% 1.60% 1.63% 1.02% 1.42% 0.94% 0.95% 1.20% 1.01% 1.20% 1.30%
13 1.65% 2.08% 1.77% 1.73% 1.13% 1.58% 1.10% 1.08% 1.33% 1.17% 1.36% 1.54%
14 1.79% 2.34% 1.94% 1.87% 1.23% 1.68% 1.23% 1.19% 1.46% 1.37% 1.48% 1.73%
15 2.02% 2.52% 2.09% 2.07% 1.40% 1.80% 1.38% 1.36% 1.61% 1.48% 1.64%
16 2.25% 2.76% 2.27% 2.23% 1.56% 1.97% 1.58% 1.42% 1.71% 1.59% 1.89%
17 2.43% 2.89% 2.42% 2.33% 1.68% 2.10% 1.68% 1.52% 1.88% 1.76%
18 2.59% 3.10% 2.57% 2.49% 1.75% 2.23% 1.77% 1.64% 2.01% 1.96%
19 2.77% 3.14% 2.70% 2.62% 1.85% 2.35% 1.91% 1.75% 2.17% 2.07%
20 2.93% 3.30% 2.83% 2.73% 1.92% 2.48% 2.04% 1.85% 2.25%
21 3.06% 3.47% 2.94% 2.84% 1.98% 2.59% 2.11% 1.97% 2.41%
22 3.15% 3.60% 3.00% 2.93% 2.09% 2.72% 2.20% 2.08% 2.52%
23 3.21% 3.70% 3.08% 3.02% 2.17% 2.81% 2.31% 2.12%
24 3.28% 3.81% 3.17% 3.10% 2.22% 2.85% 2.41% 2.23%
25 3.40% 3.93% 3.28% 3.22% 2.31% 2.93% 2.51% 2.36%
26 3.43% 4.06% 3.38% 3.29% 2.38% 2.96% 2.59%
27 3.55% 4.13% 3.43% 3.39% 2.44% 3.09% 2.71%
28 3.60% 4.22% 3.54% 3.46% 2.50% 3.17% 2.79%
29 3.73% 4.23% 3.59% 3.58% 2.55% 3.22%
30 3.75% 4.29% 3.69% 3.61% 2.63% 3.26%
31 3.79% 4.31% 3.77% 3.64% 2.67% 3.33%
32 3.85% 4.33% 3.75% 3.72% 2.73%
33 3.88% 4.37% 3.77% 3.74% 2.77%
34 3.90% 4.39% 3.79% 3.77% 2.84%
35 3.94% 4.39% 3.81% 3.79%
36 3.94% 4.42% 3.83% 3.81%
37 3.94% 4.42% 3.84% 3.83%
38 3.97% 4.43% 3.88%
39 3.99% 4.45% 3.92%
40 3.99% 4.46% 3.92%
41 3.96% 4.45%
42 3.95% 4.45%
43 3.96% 4.45%
44 3.94% 4.48%
45 3.97%
46 3.95%
47 3.90%
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 36
In February 2000, we completed a securitization in the amount of $430
million, with net charge-offs in the first month of 0% for the pool of contracts
securitized.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We require substantial cash and capital resources to operate our business.
Our primary uses of cash include:
- - acquisition of motor vehicle contracts;
- - payment of dealer participation;
- - securitization costs, including cash held in spread accounts;
- - settlements of hedging transactions;
- - maintenance of working capital requirements and payment of operating
expenses; and
- - interest expense.
The capital resources available to us include:
- - net interest income during the warehousing period;
- - contractual servicing fees;
- - excess servicing cash flows released from spread accounts;
- - settlements of hedging transactions;
- - sales of motor vehicle contracts in securitizations; and
- - borrowings under our warehouse and credit facilities.
These sources can provide capital to fund expansion of our motor vehicle
contract purchasing and servicing capabilities.
Cash used in operating activities was $80.3 million for the year ended
December 31, 1999, compared to $113.6 million for the year ended December 31,
1998. The decrease in cash used in operating activities was primarily due to an
increase in accounts payable and other liabilities. Cash used in investing
activities was $5.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 1999
compared to $3.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 1998 and $1.8
million in the year ended December 31, 1997. A reduction in the use of our
capital lease lines coupled with the relocation of the our corporate
headquarters contributed to the increase in investing activities.
Cash provided by financing activities was $89.0 million for the year ended
December 31, 1999, compared to $118.4 million provided for the year ended
December 31, 1998 and $77.2 million used in the year ended December 31, 1997.
Higher spread account cash releases from securitization trusts combined with a
lower net change in motor vehicle contracts held for sale during 1999 versus
1998 reduced the requirement for financing sources. We also issued $10.0 million
of subordinated debt during the previous year.
Triple-A One Warehouse Facility
We are a party to a $375 million auto warehouse program with Triple-A One
Funding Corporation, or Triple-A One, through our wholly owned subsidiary, Onyx
Acceptance Financial Corporation, or Finco. Triple-A One is a commercial paper
asset-backed conduit lender sponsored by MBIA and is currently rated A-1 by
Standard & Poor's Ratings Group, a division of The McGraw Hill Companies Inc.,
and P-1 by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. This facility provides Finco with
funds to purchase motor vehicle contracts, which are then pledged to Triple-A
One under the facility. MBIA provides credit enhancement to Triple-A One by
issuing surety bonds covering all principal and interest obligations owed by us
under a loan agreement with Triple-A One. Triple-A One increased our advance
rate during 1998 to 98% from 95% of the adjusted eligible principal balance of
each motor vehicle contract. The advance rate is subject to reduction by MBIA if
the net yield on the motor vehicle contract portfolio
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<PAGE> 37
falls below a target net yield. The remaining 2% of the purchase price of the
motor vehicle contracts generally is funded either from net interest income or
by proceeds from the excess servicing facility or our residual lines of credit
described below. Since the Triple-A One facility is based on commercial paper
rates, we have the ability to manage our interest rate exposure during the
warehouse period between origination and securitization by determining the
maturities (one to 270 days) of commercial paper borrowings. The outstanding
principal amount under this facility as of December 31, 1999 was $232.3 million.
Upon the occurrence of certain wind-down events, Finco will be prohibited
from borrowing any further amounts from Triple-A One and all collections on the
motor vehicle contracts included in the borrowing base will be distributed in
substantially the same manner as before the wind-down event except that Finco
must repay all outstanding Triple-A One advances before we can pay any amounts
to other borrowers or our affiliates. Unless earlier terminated upon the
occurrence of a wind-down event, the Triple-A One facility is subject to renewal
in September 2000 at the option of the lenders, and, if so renewed, will expire
in September 2001.
Park Avenue Warehouse Facility
We are a party to a $150 million commercial paper facility with Park
Avenue Receivables Corporation, or Parco. One of our special purpose
subsidiaries, Onyx Acceptance Receivables Corporation, or Recco, is the borrower
under the facility. The facility is used to fund the purchase or origination of
motor vehicle contracts. Parco is rated as a commercial paper asset-backed
conduit sponsored by Chase Securities, Inc. MBIA provides credit enhancement for
the facility by issuing a financial guarantee insurance policy covering all
principal and interest obligation owed by Recco related to the borrowings under
the facility. Recco pledges its motor vehicle contracts held for sale to borrow
from Parco. The Parco facility was executed in August 1999, and expires in
August 2000, but may be renewed at the option of the lenders. There were no
borrowings under this facility as of December 31, 1999.
Merrill Lynch Line
Our wholly owned subsidiary, Onyx Acceptance Funding Corporation, has a
$100 million line of credit with Merrill Lynch Mortgage Capital, Inc. which
provides funding for the purchase or origination of motor vehicle contracts and
which is used in concert with the Triple-A One and Parco facilities that are
currently in place. The interest rate on the Merrill Lynch line of credit is
based on LIBOR. The Merrill Lynch line was renewed in February 2000 for a one
year term, but can be terminated at the option of the lender at any time. There
is no principal amount outstanding under this facility as of December 31, 1999.
Residual Lines
We have two residual facilities through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Onyx
Acceptance Funding Corporation. We have a $10 million committed residual line of
credit with Merrill Lynch Mortgage Capital, Inc., which is now a stand-alone
line not related to the Merrill Lynch line of credit described above under the
heading "Merrill Lynch Line." We also have a $50 million residual line of credit
with Salomon Smith Barney Realty Corporation. We use our residual lines of
credit with Merrill Lynch and Salomon to finance our operating requirements.
These residual lines utilize a collateral-based formula that sets borrowing
availability to a percentage of the value of excess cash flow to be received
from certain of our securitizations. The Merrill Lynch residual facility was
renewed in February 2000 for a one year term. Each loan under the Salomon
facility matures one year after the date of the loan. We expect each loan to be
renewed at term. The outstanding principal amounts under the Merrill Lynch and
Salomon residual lines as of December 31, 1999 were $9.2 million and $21.7
million, respectively. In March 2000, the Merrill Lynch line was paid down in
its entirety and the Salomon line was paid down in part, in each case, with the
proceeds from the securitization of residual interest certificates in which we
securitized the cash flows from 15 of our outstanding securitizations. Both
lines will remain in place to fund future capital requirements.
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<PAGE> 38
BayView Term Loan
We have subordinated debt outstanding of $10 million. In February 2000, we
exercised our option to extend the term by three years during which the loan
will fully amortize. Final maturity is scheduled for February 2003. The BayView
subordinated debt bears interest at a fixed rate of 9 1/2%. In connection with
this debt, we issued to the lender, BayView Capital Corporation, a warrant to
purchase 180,529 shares of our common stock.
The facilities and lines of credit described above contain affirmative and
negative financial covenants typical of such credit facilities. We were in
compliance with these covenants as of December 31, 1999.
SECURITIZATIONS
Regular securitizations are an integral part of our business plan because
they allow us to increase our liquidity, provide for redeployment of our capital
and reduce risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. We have developed a
securitization program that involves selling interests in pools of motor vehicle
contracts to investors through the public issuance of asset-backed securities
rated in the highest applicable rating category. We completed four AAA/Aaa rated
publicly underwritten asset-backed securitizations in the aggregate amount of
$1.45 billion through Finco during 1999.
We use the net proceeds of our securitizations to pay down the outstanding
indebtedness incurred under our credit facilities used to purchase motor vehicle
contracts, thereby allowing us to purchase additional contracts. At December 31,
1999, we had securitized $3.4 billion of motor vehicle contracts in 18 separate
transactions. In each of these securitizations, we sold motor vehicle contracts
to a newly formed grantor or owner trust which issued certificates or notes in
an amount equal to the aggregate principal balance of the motor vehicle
contracts.
To improve the level of profitability from the sale of securitized motor
vehicle contracts, we arrange for credit enhancement to achieve an improved
credit rating on the asset-backed securities issued. This credit enhancement has
taken the form of a financial guaranty issued by MBIA, or a predecessor, which
issued a financial guaranty insurance policy insuring the payment of principal
and interest due on the asset-backed securities.
We receive servicing fees for our duties relating to the accounting for
and collection of the motor vehicle contracts. In addition, we are entitled to
receive future servicing cash flows arising from the trusts. Generally, we sell
the motor vehicle contracts at face value and without recourse, except that we
provide certain representations and warranties with respect to the contracts in
our capacity as the servicer, and Onyx Acceptance Financial Corporation provides
certain representations and warranties with respect to the contracts in its
capacity as the seller to the trusts.
Gains on sale of motor vehicle contracts arising from our securitizations
provide a significant portion of our revenues. Several factors affect our
ability to complete securitizations of motor vehicle contracts, including
conditions in the securities markets generally, conditions in the asset-backed
securities market specifically, the credit quality of our portfolio of motor
vehicle contracts and our ability to obtain satisfactory credit enhancement.
In the first quarter of 2000, we securitized contracts in the amount of
$430 million.
During the first quarter of 2000, we securitized the cash flows from 15 of
our outstanding securitizations and sold $49.0 million of notes. The transaction
was rated BBB by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. In the future, we intend to complete similar
securitizations or other types of transactions in which we sell or finance the
future cash flows from our outstanding securitizations.
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<PAGE> 39
INTEREST RATE EXPOSURE AND HEDGING
Through the use of varying maturities on advances from our facilities with
Triple-A One and Parco, we effectively lock in rates during the warehousing
period, when we think it is appropriate, to limit our interest rate exposure
during such warehousing period. See "Risk Factors--Risk Factors Relating to
Onyx--Interest rate fluctuations may materially and adversely affect our results
of operations, financial condition and cash flows and our ability to make
payments on the notes."
We have the ability to move interest rates on our motor vehicle contracts
upward in response to rising borrowing costs because we generally do not
purchase contracts near the maximum rates permitted by law. Further, we employ a
hedging strategy which primarily consists of the execution of forward interest
rate swaps. We enter into these hedges in numbers and amounts which generally
correspond to the anticipated principal amount of the related securitization. We
recognize gains and losses relative to these hedges in full at the time of
securitization as an adjustment to the gain on sale of the motor vehicle
contracts. We have only used counterparties with investment grade debt ratings
from national rating agencies for our hedging transactions.
We monitor our hedging activities on a frequent basis to ensure that the
value of hedges, their correlation to the motor vehicle contracts being hedged
and the amounts being hedged continue to provide us with effective protection
against interest rate risk. Our hedging strategy requires us to estimate monthly
motor vehicle contract acquisition volume and the timing of our securitizations.
If such estimates are materially inaccurate, then our gain on sales of motor
vehicle contracts and results of operations and cash flows could be materially
adversely affected. We estimate the amount and timing of hedging transactions
based upon the amount of motor vehicle contracts purchased and the interest rate
environment. We currently expect to hedge substantially all of our motor vehicle
contracts during the warehousing period.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock. We currently
intend to retain any future earnings for our business and do not anticipate
declaring or paying any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
In addition, our ability to declare or pay dividends is restricted by the terms
of our credit and warehouse facilities and by the restrictive covenants of the
indenture governing the notes.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS
133"). SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative
contracts and for hedging activities. The new standard requires that all
derivatives be recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated
statements of financial condition and that those instruments be measured at fair
value. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically
designated as a hedging instrument. The accounting for changes in the fair value
of a derivative (that is, unrealized gains and losses) depends on the intended
use of the derivative and the resulting designation. The statement is effective
in the first quarter of year 2001. We are presently assessing the effect of SFAS
133 on our consolidated financial statements.
YEAR 2000 READINESS
We are substantially dependent on our own and third party computer
systems, business applications and other information technology systems, due to
the nature of our consumer finance business and the increasing number of
electronic transactions in the industry. Historically, many information
technology systems were developed to recognize the year as a two-digit number,
with the digits "00" being recognized as the year 1900. The year 2000 presents a
number of potential problems for such systems, including potentially significant
processing errors or failure. Given our reliance on our computer systems, our
results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected by
any significant errors or failures.
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<PAGE> 40
We developed and executed a comprehensive plan designed to address the
"Year 2000" issue for our in-house and third party technology applications. To
date, we have not experienced any significant Year 2000 related disruptions
internally or with any other company with which we interact on a regular basis.
We will continue to monitor our information technology and non-information
technology systems throughout 2000 with respect to Year 2000 issues.
We incurred costs related to Year 2000 compliance remediation for our own
information technology systems and applications of $450,000 in 1999. The amount
expended in 1999 represented approximately 9% of our information technology
budget.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our earnings are affected by changes in interest rates as a result of our
dependence upon the issuance of interest-bearing securities and the incurrence
of debt to fund our lending activities. Several factors can influence the our
ability to manage interest rate risk. First, motor vehicle contracts are
purchased at fixed interest rates, while the amounts borrowed under warehouse
and credit facilities bear interest at variable rates that are subject to
frequent adjustment to reflect prevailing market interest rates. Second, the
interest rate demanded by investors in securitizations is a function of
prevailing market rates for comparable transactions and the general interest
rate environment. Because the motor vehicle contracts originated by us have
fixed interest rates, we bear the risk of smaller gross interest rate spreads in
the event interest rates increase during the period between the date receivables
are purchased and the completion and pricing of securitization transactions.
We use several strategies to minimize interest rate risk, including the
utilization of derivative financial instruments, the regular sale of auto
receivables and pre-funding of securitization transactions. Pre-funding
securitizations is the practice of issuing more asset-backed securities than the
amount of receivables initially sold to the trust. The proceeds from the
pre-funded portion are held in an escrow account until additional receivables
are sold to the trust in amounts up to the balance of pre-funded escrow account.
In pre-funded securitizations, borrowing costs are locked in with respect to the
contracts subsequently delivered to the trust. However, we incur an expense in
pre-funded securitizations equal to the difference between the money market
yields earned on the proceeds held in escrow prior to the subsequent delivery of
receivables and the interest rate paid on the asset-backed securities
outstanding.
Derivative financial instruments are utilized to manage the gross interest
rate spread on our securitizations. We sell fixed rate auto receivables to the
trusts that, in turn, sell fixed rate securities to investors. The fixed rates
on securities issued by the trust are indexed to rates on U.S. Treasury Notes
with similar average maturities or various London Interbank Offered Rates
("LIBOR"). We periodically execute the sale of forward swap agreements to lock
in the indexed rate for specific anticipated securitization transactions. We
utilize these derivative financial instruments to modify its net interest
sensitivity to levels deemed appropriate based on our risk tolerance. All
transactions are entered into for purposes other than trading.
We received a cash payment net of expenses of $1.8 million in 1999, and
made cash payments net of expenses of $4.8 million and $1.3 million in 1998 and
1997, respectively, to settle forward interest rate swap agreements. These
amounts were included in the gain on sale of receivables in securitization
transactions. Cash payments are recovered over time through a higher gross
interest rate spread on the related securitization transaction, while cash
receipts are offset through a lower gross interest rate spread on the related
securitization transaction. As of December 31, 1999, we had $150.0 million of
forward swap agreements outstanding.
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<PAGE> 41
The table below provides information about our derivative financial
instruments by expected maturity date as of December 31, 1999 (dollars in
thousands). Notional amounts, which are used to calculate the contractual
payments to be exchanged under the contracts, represent average amounts that
will be outstanding for each of the years included in the table. Notional
amounts do not represent amounts exchanged by parties and, thus, are not a
measure of our exposure to loss through its use of the agreements.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAIR
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 VALUE
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -----
Interest Rate Swaps:
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Average Notional Amounts ($000's)...... $113,281 $101,563 $ 64,063 $ 26,563 $ 781 $ 618
Average interest rate paid............. 6.48% 6.48% 6.48% 6.48% 6.48%
Average interest rate received......... Variable Variable Variable Variable Variable
</TABLE>
There can be no assurance that our strategies will be effective in
minimizing interest rate risk or that increases in interest will not have an
adverse effect on our profitability.
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<PAGE> 42
BUSINESS
GENERAL
We are a specialized consumer finance company engaged principally in the
business of providing indirect automobile financing to franchised new car
dealerships and select used car dealerships throughout the United States. We
primarily purchase motor vehicle contracts from such dealerships. We focus our
efforts on acquiring motor vehicle contracts that are secured by late model used
motor vehicles and, to a lesser extent, new motor vehicles, that were entered
into with purchasers whom we believe have favorable credit profiles. We generate
revenues primarily through the purchase, warehousing, securitization and ongoing
servicing of motor vehicle contracts. Since we started purchasing, originating
and servicing motor vehicle contracts in February 1994, we have purchased or
originated more than $3.8 billion in motor vehicle contracts from approximately
7,600 dealers, and we have expanded our operations from a single office in
Orange County, California to major markets throughout the United States.
BACKGROUND
We were incorporated in California in 1993 and reincorporated in Delaware
in 1996 in connection with our initial public offering of common stock in March
1996. We are headed by a management team with extensive experience in the
origination, acquisition, and servicing of indirect and direct automobile
contracts and loans, and who, from 1985 to present, have actively participated
in a number of public securitizations of motor vehicle contracts. Our principal
executive offices are located at 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, Foothill
Ranch, California, 92610.
MARKET AND COMPETITION
We operate in a highly competitive market. A variety of financial
entities, including the captive finance affiliates of major automotive
manufacturers, banks, savings associations, independent finance companies,
credit unions and leasing companies, have historically serviced the automobile
finance market. A number of our competitors have greater financial resources
than us. Many of our competitors also have long-standing relationships with
automobile dealerships and may offer dealerships or their customers other forms
of financing or services not provided by us.
We compete for the purchase of motor vehicle contracts which meet our
underwriting criteria on the basis of emphasizing strong relationships with our
dealership customer base through our local presence. We support our dealership
customer base with an operation that is open seven days a week and that has the
ability to finalize purchases of motor vehicle contracts on weekends. We believe
that our strong personal relationships with, and our level of service to, the
dealerships in our customer base provide us with a competitive advantage.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
Our principal objective is to become one of the leading sources of
near-prime auto lending in the United States by leveraging the experience of our
senior management team in this industry. We seek to maintain and increase
profitability through the implementation of the following strategies:
- - Targeted Market and Product Focus. We have positioned ourselves as one of
the lowest loan-to-value and payment-to-income lenders in the near-prime
auto finance market. We target the near-prime auto lending market because
we believe that it produces greater origination and operating efficiencies
than does the sub-prime lending market. We focus on late model used motor
vehicles, rather than new motor vehicles, because we believe the risk of
loss on used vehicles is lower due to lower depreciation rates.
Furthermore, motor vehicle contracts secured by used motor vehicles
generally bear interest at rates that are higher than new motor vehicle
contracts. In addition, we believe that the late model used motor vehicle
finance market is growing at a faster rate than is the finance market for
new motor vehicles.
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<PAGE> 43
- - Localized Dealership Service. We provide a high level of service to our
dealership base by marketing to and servicing dealerships on a local level
through our auto finance centers. We strategically locate our auto finance
centers in geographic areas with many dealerships in order to facilitate
personal service in the local markets, including consistent buying
practices, operations open seven days a week, competitive rates, fast
turnaround time and systems designed to expedite the processing of motor
vehicle contract applications. This personal service is provided by a team
of experienced account managers with an established reputation for
responsiveness and integrity who call on dealerships in a consistent and
professional manner. We believe that our local presence and service
provide the opportunity to build strong and lasting relationships with
dealerships.
- - Expansion of Dealership Customer Base. We establish active relationships
with a substantial percentage of franchised dealerships in the regions in
which we do business through our auto finance centers. We intend to
establish additional dealer relationships as we continue our expansion
plans in the future.
- - Maintenance of Underwriting Standards and Portfolio Performance. We have
developed an underwriting process that is designed to achieve attractive
yields while minimizing delinquencies and losses. Based on our belief that
a standardized commercially available credit scoring system is a less
effective means of assessing credit risk, especially in the near-prime
sector, we employ experienced credit managers in the local auto finance
centers to purchase motor vehicle contracts satisfying our custom
underwriting criteria. Our credit managers and account managers are
compensated as a team and their compensation relies, in part, upon the
quality of underwriting of the motor vehicle contracts they approve. We
also audit most motor vehicle contracts that we purchase within days of
their origination to further assure adherence to our underwriting
guidelines. To further monitor the integrity of the underwriting process,
we regularly track the delinquency and loss rates of motor vehicle
contracts purchased by each credit and account manager team.
- - Technology-Supported Operational Controls. We have developed and
instituted control and review systems that enable us to monitor both our
operations and the performance of the motor vehicle contracts we service.
These systems allow us to monitor motor vehicle contract production,
yields and performance on a daily basis. We believe that our information
systems not only enhance our internal controls but also allow us to
significantly expand our servicing portfolio without a significant
corresponding increase in labor costs.
- - Liquidity Through Warehousing and Securitizations. Our strategy is to
complete securitizations on a regular basis and to use warehouse credit
facilities to fund the acquisition or origination of motor vehicle
contracts prior to securitization. To fund dealer participation and
finance daily operations, we rely to a significant extent on credit
facilities that are collateralized by our retained interest in securitized
assets. We also utilize both securitization and hedging strategies to
leverage our capital efficiently and substantially reduce our interest
rate risk.
OPERATIONS
Dealership Marketing and Service
We have auto finance centers located throughout the United States and, as
of December 31, 1999, had relationships with approximately 7,600 dealerships in
our active dealership customer base located in these regions. Of these
dealerships, approximately 89% are franchised and approximately 11% are
independent automobile dealerships. We believe that franchised and select
independent automobile dealerships are most likely to provide us with motor
vehicle contracts that meet our underwriting standards.
We have significantly expanded our customer base of automobile
dealerships, and have substantially increased our monthly motor vehicle contract
purchases and originations and the size of our servicing portfolio. The
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<PAGE> 44
following table sets forth information about our motor vehicle contracts and
auto finance centers as of the dates indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED
----------------------------------------------------------------------
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Number of auto finance centers ............. 5 9 10 14 17
Number of contracts purchased .............. 16,571 26,244 50,214 86,150 127,628
Dollar volume of contracts
collateralized by new vehicles ......... $ 39,706 $ 68,654 $129,178 $ 186,654 $ 245,058
Dollar volume of contracts
collateralized by used vehicles......... $159,691 $251,186 $476,727 $ 851,881 $1,313,946
Dollar volume of contracts ................. $199,397 $319,840 $605,905 $1,038,535 $1,559,004
Average dollar volume of contracts
per auto finance center ................ $ 39,879 $ 35,538 $ 60,591 $ 74,181 $ 91,706
Number of active dealerships ............... 769 1,471 2,846 5,401 7,617
Servicing portfolio (at period end) ........ $218,207 $400,665 $757,277 $1,345,961 $2,133,460
</TABLE>
Our growth objectives over the next 12 months are to open additional auto
finance centers in major markets within the United States and to further develop
relationships with existing dealerships in the markets where we are currently
doing business.
Our account managers work from our auto finance centers to solicit, enroll
and educate new dealerships as well as to maintain relationships with our
existing dealership customer base. Each account manager visits dealership
finance managers at each targeted dealership in his or her territory and
presents information about our dealership services. Our dealership services
include service hours seven days a week and the ability to rapidly respond to
credit applications. Our account managers educate the dealership finance
managers about our underwriting philosophy, including our preference for
near-prime quality motor vehicle contracts collateralized by late model used
motor vehicles and our practice of using experienced credit managers, rather
than sole reliance upon computerized scoring systems, to review applications.
Our account managers also advise the dealership finance managers regarding
our commitment to serve a broad scope of qualified borrowers through our three
near-prime auto lending programs: the "Premier," the "Preferred,"and the
"Standard" Programs. Our Premier Program allows us to market lower interest
rates in order to capture customers of superior credit quality. Our Preferred
Program allows us to offer motor vehicle contracts at higher interest rates to
borrowers with proven credit quality. Our Standard Program allows us to assist
qualified borrowers, who may have experienced previous credit problems or have
not yet established a significant credit history, at interest rates higher than
our other programs.
We enter into non-exclusive dealership agreements containing certain
representations and warranties by the dealership about the motor vehicle
contracts. After this relationship is established, our account managers continue
to actively monitor the relationship to meet our objectives with respect to the
volume of applications satisfying our underwriting standards. Due to the
non-exclusive nature of our relationships with dealerships, the dealerships
retain discretion to determine whether to solicit financing from us, or from
another source or sources, for a customer seeking to finance a vehicle purchase.
Our account managers regularly telephone and visit finance managers to reinforce
to them our objectives and to answer any questions they may have. To increase
the effectiveness of these contacts, our account managers can obtain real-time
information from our management information systems listing,
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by dealership, the number of applications submitted, our response and the
reasons why a particular application was rejected. We believe that the personal
relationships our account managers, credit managers and auto finance center
managers establish with the finance managers at the dealerships are a
significant factor in creating and maintaining productive relationships with our
dealership customer base.
UNDERWRITING AND PURCHASING OF CONTRACTS
Our underwriting standards are applied by experienced credit managers with
a personal, hands-on analysis of the creditworthiness of each applicant, rather
than sole reliance upon standardized commercially available credit scoring
systems as used by several of our competitors. We believe that credit-scoring
systems may approve applicants who are in fact not creditworthy while denying
credit to others who may be an acceptable credit risk for the interest rate
being charged. In addition, we believe that we can enhance the relationship with
our dealership and consumer customer base by having our credit managers utilize
a rules and exception based credit and audit system to personally review each
application and communicate to the submitting dealership the results of the
review, including the reasons why a particular application may have been
declined. This practice encourages the dealership finance managers to submit
motor vehicle contracts meeting our underwriting standards, thereby increasing
our operating efficiency. In order to ensure consistent application of our
underwriting standards as our volume of motor vehicle contract purchases
increases, we have a formal internal training program for new and existing
account managers and credit managers.
We primarily purchase motor vehicle contracts from obligors who have
near-prime credit. While we are typically classified by analysts in an industry
group known as "Automobile Specialty Finance," which includes prime lenders,
near-prime lenders and sub-prime lenders, we do not generally compete with
sub-prime lenders. Moody's Investors Service, Inc. defines these various credit
classifications as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CREDIT IMPLIED STATIC POOL(1) BANKRUPTCY LENGTH OF
CATEGORY CREDIT GRADE LOSSES(%) DISCOUNTS(%) TOLERANCE CLEAN CREDIT(2)
- ----------------- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------------ ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Prime A+ to B <3 none none > 5 years
Near-Prime B- to C+ 3 to 7 none > 2 years discharged 2 to 5 years
Subprime C to C- 7 to 15 < 10 1 to 2 years discharged 1 to 2 years
D+ to D- 15 to 25 10 to 30 < 1 year discharged < 1 year
"EZ" E to Z 25 to 50 30 to 50 irrelevant none
</TABLE>
- -----------------
(1) Static pools reveal loss and delinquency characteristics for pools of
receivables from a common origination period such as monthly or quarterly.
(2) "Clean" credit is a relative term, and its meaning changes depending on
the credit category.
Source: 1998 Year in Review and 1999 Outlook: Subprime and Near-Prime Auto
Credits, Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
The underwriting process begins when an application is faxed by a
dealership to a central toll-free number at the corporate headquarters, where it
is input into our front-end application processing system. Each application is
evaluated by a credit manager in the local auto finance center or corporate
headquarters using uniform underwriting standards developed by us. These
underwriting standards are intended to assess the applicant's ability to timely
repay all amounts due under the motor vehicle contract and the adequacy of the
financed vehicle as collateral. Among the criteria considered by our credit
managers in evaluating each application are:
- - the stability of the applicant with specific regard to his or her
occupation, length of employment and length of residency;
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- - the applicant's payment history based on information known directly by us
or as provided by various credit reporting agencies with respect to
present and past debt;
- - a debt service-to-gross monthly income ratio test, which generally is not
to exceed 45%;
- - a payment-to-income test, generally not to exceed 15%;
- - the principal amount of the motor vehicle contract taking into account the
age, type and market value of the related financed vehicle.
To evaluate credit applications, the credit manager reviews, among other
things, on-line information, including reports of credit reporting agencies,
nationally recognized vehicle valuation services, and ownership of real estate
listed on an application. Our wide area network permits a credit manager in any
auto finance center, or the corporate headquarters, to access an application on
a real-time basis. This computer network enables senior management to
efficiently review and approve motor vehicle contracts requiring approval and
permits us to seamlessly shift underwriting work among any of the auto finance
centers to increase operating efficiency. Finally, our computer network permits
daily review by senior management of operating results sorted by any number of
variables, including by credit manager, auto finance center, or auto dealership.
The funds we advance to purchase a motor vehicle contract generally do not
exceed:
- - for a new financed vehicle, the dealer's invoice plus taxes, title and
license fees, any extended warranty and credit and any other insurance; or
- - for a used financed vehicle, the wholesale value assigned by a
nationally-recognized used-car value guide, plus taxes, title and license
fees, any extended warranty and credit and any other insurance.
However, the actual amount we advance for a motor vehicle contract is
often less than the maximum permissible amount depending on a number of factors,
including:
- - the length of the motor vehicle contract term;
- - the make, model and year of the financed vehicle; and
- - the creditworthiness of the obligor.
We make these adjustments to insure that the financed vehicle constitutes
adequate collateral to secure the motor vehicle contract. Based upon the dealer
invoice for new cars and the wholesale value for used cars reported in
nationally recognized used car value guides, the motor vehicle contracts we
purchased in 1999 had an average loan to value ratio that we believe is one of
the lowest in the industry.
Once review of an application is completed, our credit manager, via an
electronic system, communicates his or her decision to the dealership specifying
approval, conditional approval (such as an increase in the downpayment,
reduction in the term of the financing, or the addition of a co-signer to the
motor vehicle contract), or denial.
The dealership is required to deliver the necessary documentation for each
motor vehicle contract we approve for purchase to the originating auto finance
center, which consists of:
- - a signed credit application;
- - the only original and a copy of the executed motor vehicle contract;
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- - an agreement by the obligor to provide insurance;
- - a report of sale or guarantee of title;
- - an application for registration;
- - a co-signer notification, if applicable;
- - a copy of any supplemental warranty purchased with respect to the financed
vehicle;
- - acceptable vehicle valuation documentation; and
- - any other required documentation.
Once this documentation is in hand for filing, the file is forwarded for a
pre-funding audit. We audit such documents for completeness and consistency with
the application, providing final approval for purchase of the motor vehicle
contract once these requirements have been satisfied. The completed motor
vehicle contract file is then promptly forwarded to our corporate headquarters.
The auto finance center purchasing the motor vehicle contract funds the
purchase and pays a dealer participation fee, if any. We compute the dealer
participation fee by calculating the interest rate differential between the
interest rate charged by the dealership to the purchaser and the buy rate that
we offer to the dealership for that motor vehicle contract. The dealership can
receive 100% of the dealer participation and we are entitled to recover from the
dealership the unearned portion of the dealer participation over the life of the
motor vehicle contract in the event of a prepayment of the purchased motor
vehicle contract or charge-off of the motor vehicle contract. We also offer
three other participation methods in which we pay less than 100% of the dealer
participation but for which the dealership is under no obligation to refund any
unearned participation if the contract defaults or pre-pays after the expiration
of a set period of time after the motor vehicle contract purchase date.
We conduct a post-funding credit review of most of our motor vehicle
contracts. In the review, the approved application is re-examined to be certain
it complies with our underwriting requirements. The results of these reviews are
then reviewed by our senior management to ensure consistent application of our
underwriting standards.
We employ a compensation system for our credit managers, account managers
and auto finance center managers designed to reward those employees whose motor
vehicle contract purchases meet our volume and yield objectives while preserving
credit quality. Generally, these bonuses, which are payable monthly, may
constitute up to 40% of an employee's compensation and are initially calculated
based on the volume of motor vehicle contracts purchased and the yield on such
motor vehicle contracts. This bonus amount is reduced if our post-funding credit
review reveals that a portion of the purchased motor vehicle contracts did not
satisfy our underwriting standards. Under this system, 50% of the bonus payment
is based on attainment of account manager or credit manager team objectives, as
applicable, and 50% is based on attainment of the auto finance center
objectives. We believe this incentive compensation system motivates employees to
purchase only those near-prime quality motor vehicle contracts that meet our
objectives of increasing volume at targeted yields while preserving credit
quality.
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The following table sets forth information about our motor vehicle
contracts as of the dates indicated:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- -------- ---------- ----------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Contracts purchased ................................... $199,397 $319,840 $605,905 $1,038,535 $1,559,004
Average contract amount ............................... $ 12.0 $ 12.2 $ 12.1 $ 12.1 $ 12.2
Weighted average initial term (months) ................ 55.5 56.2 57.0 57.5 57.0
Weighted average annual percentage rate ............... 15.00% 14.72% 14.66% 14.72% 14.77%
Percentage of dollar amount of contracts
collateralized by new motor vehicles purchased ...... 19.91% 21.47% 21.32% 17.97% 15.72%
Percentage of dollar amount of contracts
collateralized by used motor vehicles
purchased ........................................... 80.09% 78.53% 78.68% 82.03% 84.28%
</TABLE>
Periodically, we perform an analysis of our servicing portfolio to
evaluate the effectiveness of our underwriting guidelines. If external economic
factors, credit delinquencies or credit losses change, we may adjust our
underwriting guidelines to maintain the asset quality deemed acceptable by our
management.
SERVICING PROCEDURES
We service all motor vehicle contracts in our servicing portfolio. To
reduce the costs of our servicing operations, we have outsourced certain data
processing and billing functions related to our servicing. This includes a
three-year contract expiring in 2000 with a service bureau to provide certain
loan accounting, reporting, collections and servicing functions. We intend to
take these functions in-house at the expiration of this contract. Through these
service providers, we mail to each obligor a monthly billing statement 20 days
prior to the due date. We believe this method has proven to be more effective in
controlling delinquency, and therefore losses, than payment coupon books which
are delivered to the obligor at the time the motor vehicle contract is
purchased. We charge a late fee, where allowed by law, on any payment received
after the expiration of the statutory or contractual grace period. Most payments
from obligors are deposited directly into a lockbox account while the remainder
of payments are received directly by us and promptly deposited by us into the
lockbox account.
Under the terms of our credit facilities and securitization trusts, we act
as servicer with respect to all motor vehicle contracts purchased or originated
in our servicing portfolio. We receive servicing fees for servicing securitized
motor vehicle contracts equal to one percent per annum of the outstanding
principal balance of such motor vehicle contracts. We service the securitized
motor vehicle contracts by collecting payments due from obligors and remitting
such payments to the applicable trustee in accordance with the terms of the
servicing agreements. We maintain computerized records with respect to each
motor vehicle contract to record receipts and disbursements and to prepare
related servicing reports.
COLLECTION PROCEDURES
We perform collection activities with respect to delinquent motor vehicle
contracts at our collection center located in Foothill Ranch, California.
Collection activities include prompt investigation and evaluation of the causes
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of any delinquency. An obligor is considered delinquent when he or she has
failed to make at least 90% of a scheduled payment under the motor vehicle
contract within 30 days of the related due date.
To automate our collection procedures, we use features of the computer
system of our third party service bureau to provide tracking and notification of
delinquencies. The collection system provides relevant obligor information,
including current addresses, phone numbers and loan information, and records of
all motor vehicle contracts. The system also maintains a record of an obligor's
promise to pay and affords supervisors the ability to review collection
personnel activity and to modify collection priorities with respect to motor
vehicle contracts. We are currently evaluating the feasibility of bringing these
operations in-house.
We utilize a predictive dialing system located at our Foothill Ranch
Collection Center to make phone calls to obligors whose payments are past due by
more than eight days but less than 30 days. The predictive dialer is a
computer-controlled telephone dialing system which dials phone numbers of
obligors from a file of records extracted from the motor vehicle contract
database. By eliminating time wasted on attempting to reach obligors, the system
gives a single collector, on average, the ability to speak with and work 200 to
250 accounts per day. Once a live voice responds to the automated dialer's call,
the system automatically transfers the call to a collector and the relevant
account information to the collector's computer screen. The system also tracks
and notifies collections management of phone numbers that the system has been
unable to reach within a specified number of days, thereby promptly identifying
for management all obligors who cannot be reached by telephone.
Once an obligor is 20 days or more delinquent, his or her account is
assigned to a specific collector at our collection center in Foothill Ranch who
has primary responsibility for such delinquent account until it is resolved. To
expedite collections from late paying obligors, we use Western Union "Quick
Collect", which allows an obligor to pay, at numerous locations, any late
payments which are in turn wired daily to our lockbox account by Western Union.
We also use a Western Union payment system that allows an obligor to authorize
us to present a draft directly to the obligor's bank for payment to us.
Generally, after a scheduled payment under a motor vehicle contract
continues to be past due for between 45 and 60 days, we will initiate
repossession of the financed vehicle. However, if a motor vehicle contract is
deemed uncollectible, if the financed vehicle is deemed by collection personnel
to be in danger of being damaged, destroyed or made unavailable for
repossession, or if the obligor voluntarily surrenders the financed vehicle, we
may repossess it without regard to the length or existence of payment
delinquency. Repossessions are conducted by third parties that are engaged in
the business of repossessing vehicles for secured parties. Under the laws of
most states, after repossession, the obligor generally has an additional period
of time to redeem the financed vehicle before we may resell the financed vehicle
in an effort to recover the balance due under the motor vehicle contract.
Losses may occur in connection with delinquent motor vehicle contracts in
other ways, including the inability to locate the financed vehicle or the
obligor, or because of a discharge of the obligor indebtedness in a bankruptcy
proceeding. Losses of this nature are recognized at the time a motor vehicle
contract is deemed uncollectible or during the month a scheduled payment under a
motor vehicle contract becomes 150 days or more past due. If the proceeds from
the sale of a repossessed vehicle fall short of the balance due on the motor
vehicle contract, we will experience a loss. Our current policy is to recognize
losses on repossessed vehicles in the month in which the vehicle is sold or in
which the scheduled payment becomes 120 days delinquent, whichever occurs first.
Losses may occur in connection with delinquent motor vehicle contracts for which
the vehicle was not repossessed, either because of a discharge of the obligor's
indebtedness in a bankruptcy proceeding or due to our inability to locate the
financed vehicle or the obligor. In these cases, losses are recognized at the
time a motor vehicle contract is deemed uncollectible or during the month a
scheduled payment under the motor vehicle contract becomes 150 days past due,
whichever occurs first.
Upon repossession and sale of the financed vehicle, any deficiency
remaining is pursued against the obligor to the extent deemed practical by us
and to the extent permitted by law. Our loss recognition and collection policies
and practices may change over time in accordance with our business judgment.
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MODIFICATIONS AND EXTENSIONS
We offer certain credit-related extensions to obligors. Generally, we
offer these extensions only when all of the following conditions are met and
there has been no more than one credit-related extension not exceeding two
months granted on the motor vehicle contract in the immediately preceding twelve
months:
- - we believe that the obligor's financial difficulty has been resolved or
will no longer impair the obligor's ability to make future payments;
- - the extension will result in the obligor's payments being brought current;
- - the total number of credit-related extensions granted on the motor vehicle
contract will not exceed three and the total credit-related extensions
granted on the motor vehicle contract will not exceed three months in the
aggregate; and
- - we, or our assignee, have held the motor vehicle contract for at least six
months.
Any deviation from this policy requires the concurrence of a collection
supervisor, our collection manager and our Executive Vice President,
Collections. The total number of annual extensions was less than 4% of the
number of motor vehicle contracts in our servicing portfolio for the years
ending December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1999.
INSURANCE
Each motor vehicle contract requires the obligor to obtain comprehensive
and collision insurance with respect to the related financed vehicle with us
named as a loss payee. In the event that the obligor fails to maintain the
required insurance, however, we have purchased limited comprehensive and
collision insurance, referred to as our "blanket insurance policy" coverage. Our
blanket insurance policy provides us with protection on each uninsured or
underinsured financed vehicle against total loss, damage or theft. We have
obtained our blanket insurance policy from Great American Insurance Companies.
For our blanket insurance policy, we are assessed a premium based on the size of
our servicing portfolio. In 1998, we created an insurance tracking department at
our corporate headquarters. This function has helped reduce our exposure to
uninsured motorists, through our prompt follow-up on non-compliant obligors.
FINANCING AND SALE OF CONTRACTS
We finance our acquisition and origination of motor vehicle contracts
primarily through our warehouse credit facilities and through securitizations.
See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources" and "--Securitizations."
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Our operations are subject to regulation, supervision, and licensing under
various federal, state and local statutes, ordinances and regulations. We are
required to comply with the laws of those states where we conduct operations. We
believe that we are in compliance with these laws and regulations.
Consumer Protection Laws
Federal and state consumer protection laws and related regulations impose
substantial requirements upon lenders and servicers involved in consumer
finance. These laws include the Truth-in-Lending Act, the Equal Credit
Opportunity Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Fair Credit Reporting
Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act, the
Federal Reserve Board's Regulations B and Z, states' adaptations of the Uniform
Consumer Credit Code and of the Uniform Commercial Code, or UCC, and state motor
vehicle retail installment sales acts and other similar laws. These laws, among
other things, require us to provide
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certain disclosures to applicants, prohibit misleading advertising and protect
against discriminatory financing or unfair credit practices. The Truth in
Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder require disclosure of, among
other things, the payment schedule, the finance charge, the amount financed, the
total of payments and the annual percentage rate charged on each retail
installment contract. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits creditors from
discriminating against applicants (including retail installment contract
obligors) on the basis of race, color, sex, age (provided the applicant has the
capacity to contract), marital status, religion, national origin, the fact that
all or part of the applicant's income derives from a public assistance program,
or the fact that the applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the
Consumer Credit Protection Act. Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act,
creditors are required to make certain disclosures regarding consumer rights and
advise consumers whose credit applications are not approved of the reasons for
the rejection. The rules of the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, limit the
types of property a creditor may accept as collateral to secure a consumer
contract and the holder in due course rule provides for the preservation of the
consumer's claims and defenses when a consumer obligation is assigned to a
subject holder. With respect to used vehicles specifically, the FTC requires
that all sellers of used vehicles prepare, complete and display a buyer's guide
which explains any applicable warranty coverage for such vehicles. Also, some
state laws impose finance charge ceilings and other restrictions on consumer
transactions and require contract disclosures in addition to those required
under federal law. These requirements impose specific statutory liabilities upon
creditors who fail to comply with their provisions. In some cases, these
provisions could affect our ability to enforce motor vehicle contracts we
purchase or originate.
Certain laws enacted by the federal government and various states
including "lemon laws" provide certain rights to purchasers with respect to
motor vehicles that fail to satisfy express warranties. The application of such
lemon laws or violation of such other federal and state laws may give rise to a
claim or defense of an obligor against a dealership and its assignees, including
us. The dealer agreements contain representations and warranties by the
dealership that, as of the date of the assignment of motor vehicle contracts, no
such claims or defenses have been asserted or threatened with respect to such
motor vehicle contracts and that all requirements of such federal and state laws
have been complied with in all material respects. Although a dealership would be
obligated to repurchase motor vehicle contracts that breached such
representations and warranties, there can be no assurance that the dealership
will have the financial resources to satisfy its repurchase obligations to motor
vehicle contracts.
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, as amended imposes
certain limitations upon the actions of creditors with respect to persons
serving in the armed forces of the United States and, to a more limited extent,
their dependents and guarantors and sureties of debt incurred by such persons.
This act is designed to allow relief to obligor servicemen and servicewomen
whose ability to meet their loan obligations is materially affected by their
being called to active duty in the armed forces. With respect to obligors who
are in the armed forces when a loan obligation is incurred, this act provides
protection when the military service, in fact, has prevented or is preventing
those obligors who are members of the armed forces from meeting their loan
obligations. Among other things, this act can, with respect to obligors falling
within its scope, limit the interest rate of an obligor's motor vehicle contract
to 6% per annum and restrict our ability to repossess the motor vehicle securing
an obligor's motor vehicle contract following a default.
Security Interest in Vehicles
Installment sales contracts such as those purchased by us evidence the
credit sale of automobiles, light duty trucks and vans by dealerships to
obligors. The motor vehicle contracts also constitute personal property security
agreements and include grants of security interests in the motor vehicles under
the UCC. Perfection of security interests in the motor vehicles is generally
governed by the motor vehicle registration laws of the state in which the motor
vehicle is located. In California, a security interest in a motor vehicle is
perfected by notation of the secured party's lien on the motor vehicle's
certificate of title. The motor vehicle contracts prohibit the sale or transfer
of the financed vehicle without our consent.
As servicer for motor vehicle contracts sold in securitizations, we are
obligated to take appropriate steps, at our own expense, to maintain perfection
of security interests in the financed vehicles. In securitization transactions,
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we assign our security interest in the financed vehicles to the trustee for the
securitization trust. Because of administrative inconvenience and expense,
amended certificates of title are not obtained reflecting the trustee's
interest. It is possible that failure to obtain amended certificates of title
could in certain circumstances adversely affect our ability as servicer to
recover the collateral value of the financed vehicle on behalf of the
securitization trust. Future servicing cash flows from the securitization trusts
to us could be adversely affected to that extent. We have not, however,
experienced any significant problems enforcing liens on financed vehicles
securing motor vehicle contracts we have securitized.
Under the laws of most states, including California, the perfected
security interest in a motor vehicle continues for four months after the motor
vehicle is moved to a new state. Most states require surrender of a certificate
of title to re-register a motor vehicle. Since we will have our lien noted on
the certificates of title, in most cases it, as lienholder, will have the
opportunity to re-perfect its security interest in the state of relocation. In
states that do not require a certificate of title for registration of a motor
vehicle, re-registration could defeat protection.
Under the laws of most states, including California, liens for vehicle
repairs and unpaid taxes take priority over a perfected security interest. Liens
for repairs or taxes could arise at any time during the term of a motor vehicle
contract without notice to us.
Secured Party Rights and Obligations
In the event of a default by an obligor, we have all of the remedies of a
secured party under the UCC, except where specifically limited by other state
laws. The remedies of a secured party under the UCC generally include the right
to repossession by self-help, unless such self-help would constitute a breach of
the peace. The UCC requires a secured party who has repossessed collateral to
provide an obligor with reasonable notice of the date, time and place of any
public sale and/or the date after which any private sale of the collateral may
be held. Under such laws, the obligor has the right to redeem the collateral
prior to actual sale.
The proceeds from the resale of a financed vehicle generally will be
applied first to the expenses of repossession and resale and then to the
satisfaction of the obligation evidenced by the applicable motor vehicle
contract. A deficiency judgment can be sought in most states subject to the
requirement that the sale be commercially reasonable and to the satisfaction of
any statutory procedural requirements by the secured party. Generally, any
surplus must be remitted to any holder of a junior lien with respect to the
financed vehicle and if no such lienholder exists, the secured party must remit
the surplus to the former owner of the financed vehicle.
In addition, numerous other statutory provisions, including the federal
bankruptcy law and related laws, may interfere with or affect our ability to
realize upon collateral or enforce a deficiency judgment. The repossession
process and the costs associated therewith generally result in losses on the
underlying motor vehicle contracts, and such losses generally reduce the amount
available for distribution from the related spread accounts of securitizations.
Although we believe that we are currently in compliance with applicable
statutes and regulations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to
maintain such compliance. The failure to comply with such statutes and
regulations could have a material adverse effect upon us. Furthermore, the
adoption of additional statutes and regulations, changes in the interpretation
and enforcement of current statutes and regulations or the expansion of our
business into jurisdictions that have adopted more stringent regulatory
requirements could have a material adverse effect upon us.
LITIGATION
As a consumer finance company, we are subject to various consumer claims
and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties based upon, among other
things, disclosure inaccuracies and wrongful repossession, which could take the
form of a plaintiff's class action complaint. We, as the assignee of finance
contracts originated by dealers, may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits
filed by consumers principally against dealers. The damages and penalties
claimed by consumers in these types of matters can be substantial. The relief
requested by
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the plaintiffs varies but includes requests for compensatory, statutory and
punitive damages. We are a defendant in three consumer class action lawsuits,
one of which was served in 2000. One such proceeding served in 1999, in which we
are a defendant, has been brought as a putative class action and is pending in
the State of California. A class has yet to be certified in this case in which
the plaintiffs allege certain defects in post-repossession notice forms in the
State of California. Another proceeding also served in 1999, in which we are a
defendant, has been brought as a putative class action and is also pending in
the State of California. A class was certified in 2000; in the matter, the
plaintiffs raise issues regarding the payment of dealer participation to
dealers.
We believe that we have taken prudent steps to address the litigation
risks associated with our business activities. However, there can be no
assurance that we will be able to successfully defend against all such claims or
that the determination of any such claim in a manner adverse to us would not
have a material adverse effect on our automobile finance business.
On January 25, 2000, a putative class action complaint was filed against
us and certain of our officers and directors alleging violations of Section
10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 arising from our use
of the cash-in method of measuring and accounting for credit enhancement assets
in our financial statements. We believe that our previous use of the cash-in
method of measuring and accounting for credit enhancement assets was consistent
with then current generally accepted accounting principles and accounting
practices of other finance companies. As required by Financial Accounting
Standards Board's Special Report, "A Guide to Implementation of Statement 125 on
Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of
Liabilities, Second Edition," dated December 1998 and related statements made by
the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, we retroactively changed
the method of measuring and accounting for credit enhancement assets to the
cash-out method and restated our financial statements for 1996, 1997 and the
first three fiscal quarters of 1998. We intend to vigorously defend against the
complaint.
In our opinion, the resolution of the proceedings in this section will not
have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations
or liquidity.
EMPLOYEES
We employ personnel experienced in all areas of loan origination,
documentation, collection and administration. We employ and train specialists in
loan processing and servicing with minimal crossover of duties. At December 31,
1999, we had 715 full-time employees, none of whom were covered by collective
bargaining agreements. We believe we have good relationships with our employees.
PROPERTIES
We did not own any real property on December 31, 1999. In January 1999, we
moved into our new headquarters in Foothill Ranch, California after signing a
10-year lease for approximately 82,000 square feet of office space. We also
lease office space for our auto finance centers. The average size of such
centers is generally four to five thousand square feet. One auto finance center
is located in the corporate headquarters building.
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<PAGE> 54
MANAGEMENT
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following table sets forth information concerning our directors and
executive officers:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Position
- ---- --- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Thomas C. Stickel 51 Chairman of the Board
John W. Hall 38 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Don P. Duffy 45 Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Director
Bruce R. Hallett 44 Director
G. Bradford Jones 45 Director
C. Thomas Meyers 61 Director
Frank L. Marraccino 44 Executive Vice President
Eugene J. Warner, Jr. 56 Executive Vice President
Todd A. Pierson 37 Senior Vice President
Michael A. Krahelski 44 Secretary, Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Vincent M. Scardina 44 Senior Vice President, Controller and Treasurer
</TABLE>
Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, and our Amended and Restated
Bylaws, provide for the Board of Directors to be divided into three classes,
with each class to be as nearly equal in number of directors as possible. At
each annual meeting of the stockholders, the successors to the class of
directors whose term expires at the time are elected to hold office for a term
of three years, or until their respective successors are elected and qualified,
so that the term of one class of directors expires at each such annual meeting.
The terms of office expire as follows: Mr. Jones, Class 1, 2002; Mr. Hallett and
Mr. Duffy, Class 2, 2000; and Mr. Stickel, Mr. Hall and Mr. Meyers, Class 3,
2001.
In order that each class of directors will be comprised as nearly as
practicable of an equal number of directors, we intend to call for a vote at
our annual meeting to be held on May 31, 2000 to reassign Mr. Meyers to Class 1
and to elect Mr. Duffy to serve an additional three year term expiring in 2003.
Bruce R. Hallett a Class 2 director, advised us that he will not stand for
election at the annual shareholders meeting and has requested that we withdraw
his name from the nomination and we have done so. Assuming, as recommended by
the Board of Directors. Mr. Duffy is elected and Mr. Meyers is reassigned to
Class 1, the composition of the Board following the annual meeting will be as
follows:
Class 1 (2002) Class 2 (2003) Class 3 (2001)
-------------- -------------- --------------
Thomas Meyers Don Duffy John Hall
Bradford Jones Thomas Stickel
Officers are elected by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of
directors. There are no family relationships among the directors or executive
directors, other than our CEO, John W. Hall, and our Senior Vice President Todd
A. Pierson, who are brothers-in-law. A brief biography of each director and
executive officer follows:
Bruce R. Hallett, a Class 2 director, advised us that he will not stand
for election at the annual shareholders meeting and has requested that we
withdraw his name from the nomination and we have done so.
THOMAS C. STICKEL has served as a director since April 1995 and as our
Chairman of the Board since May, 1996. Mr. Stickel is the chairman, founder, and
CEO of University Ventures Network, a company providing capital and corporate
advice to major research universities in support of their technological
discoveries. Mr. Stickel is also the founder and former Chairman of American
Partners Capital Group, Inc., T.C.S. Enterprises, Inc., Bank of Southern
California and Point Loma Savings. He currently serves on the board of directors
of Sempra Energy, San Diego Gas and Electric and Southern California Gas
Companies and Blue Shield of California, and is Chairman of eBuilt Corporation.
Mr. Stickel serves on the boards of directors of several non-profit entities as
well, including
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<PAGE> 55
the California Chamber of Commerce, where he is also a Vice President, and the
Del Mar Thoroughbred Club. Finally, he is the founder of the Stickel Christian
Foundation.
JOHN W. HALL has served as our president, and as a director, since August
1993, and as our chief executive officer since September 1996. From 1988 to
1993, Mr. Hall was the M.I.S. director of Western Financial Bank, developing and
implementing operational technology with an emphasis on the auto finance
division. From 1985 to 1988, Mr. Hall was a founder and president of Micro
Advantage, a developer and seller of software products for the business
education industry. From 1983 to 1985, Mr. Hall was a consultant to several
school districts in Southern California. Mr. Hall received a B.S. in computer
information services from California State Polytechnic University.
DON P. DUFFY has served as an executive vice president and as our chief
financial officer since October 1993 and as a director since January, 1997. From
1988 to October 1993, Mr. Duffy was a senior manager for Ernst & Young,
specializing in the financial services industry. As senior manager as Ernst &
Young, Mr. Duffy was responsible for managing engagements with banks, savings
institutions and finance companies with assets ranging from $100 million to $3
billion. Mr. Duffy was responsible for the public offering of over $2 billion of
automobile loan collateralized bonds and pass-through certificates. From 1981
through 1988, Mr. Duffy held other positions with Ernst & Young and its
predecessor.
BRUCE R. HALLETT has served as a director since November 1993. Since
February 1993, Mr. Hallett has been a partner in the law firm of Brobeck,
Phleger & Harrison, LLP and Managing Partner at the firm's Orange County office
from 1995 to August 1999. Since August 1999 he has served on Brobeck's firmwide
policy committee. He also serves on the board of directors of two privately-held
companies.
G. BRADFORD JONES has served as a director since November 1993. He is a
managing director of Redpoint Ventures, a venture capital firm which invests in
internet communications, media and commerce companies. Mr. Jones is also a
general partner with Brentwood Venture Capital, which he joined in 1981. Mr.
Jones currently serves on the board of directors of Stamps.com, an internet
mailing and shipping services company, Digital Island, a global network for
content hosting and secure delivery for e-commerce companies and several
privately held companies. Mr. Jones received a B.S. in chemistry from Harvard
College, an M.S. in physics from Harvard University and a J.D./M.B.A. from
Stanford University.
C. THOMAS MEYERS has served as a director since his appointment in June
1998 to fill a vacancy on our board. Mr. Meyers retired from Capital Markets
Assurance Corporation ("CapMAC") in 1998 where he was Managing Director, Credit
Enhancement. A 1960 graduate of Notre Dame University, Mr. Meyers has been in
the financial services business most of his career including 13 years at General
Electric Capital Corporation where he held various positions. Mr. Meyers was the
chief financial officer for the consumer division of GE Capital prior to joining
CapMAC in 1987. In 1992, Mr. Meyers and 7 others participated in the acquisition
of CapMAC, in a leveraged buy-out, from Citicorp. CapMAC went public on the New
York Stock Exchange in 1995 and was acquired in 1998 by MBIA.
FRANK MARRACCINO has served as an executive vice president since 1996 and
was senior vice president from 1993 to 1996. Mr. Marraccino is responsible for
the operations of all of our auto finance centers and the purchase of motor
vehicle contracts nationwide. From 1981 to 1993, Mr. Marraccino worked for
Western Financial Bank and served in various capacities, including dealer center
manager and collection manager. In 1992 and 1993, Mr. Marraccino was responsible
for the production and servicing of the auto receivables portfolio of Western
Financial Bank.
EUGENE J. WARNER, JR. joined us in December 1996 as the executive vice
president of collections. Mr. Warner has over 29 years experience in the
financial services industry in both lending and collections. He also has
extensive experience in automobile financing in both direct and indirect
financing which brings added depth to his position and enables him to be
involved in helping to improve credit risk standards and pricing as well as
dealing with other related issues. Mr. Warner's prior experience includes 6 1/2
years as a senior vice president of collections for Consumer Portfolio Services,
3 1/2 years with Far Western Bank where he served as vice president of
collection
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<PAGE> 56
administration, 14 years in the thrift and loan industry serving as
regional vice president and 5 years in consumer finance with Household Finance.
TODD A. PIERSON is a senior vice president and the chief information
officer responsible for all aspects of technology, including systems,
applications and communications. He joined us in April of 1999. Mr. Pierson has
been in the technology field for 18 years working with client server
architectures, web enabled applications and financial money movement processes.
Before coming to us, Mr. Pierson worked for Ceridian Tax Services as the vice
president of information services. Prior to Ceridian, he was a systems engineer
for Hewlett-Packard.
MICHAEL A. KRAHELSKI joined us in 1998 and has served as senior vice
president. In February 1999, he was appointed our secretary and was named
general counsel later in that year. Prior to joining us, he was vice president
and general counsel for Hyundai Motor Finance Company in California from 1990 to
1998. Mr. Krahelski has over 14 years of in-house legal experience in the
automobile finance industry.
VINCENT M. SCARDINA has served as our controller since 1993 and as senior
vice president and treasurer since 1996. Mr. Scardina has extensive experience
in the auto finance industry, serving as national manager of financial analysis
at Hyundai Motor Finance Company from 1990 through 1993 and as manager of
financial planning at Security Pacific Auto Finance from 1988 through 1990.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table provides certain summary information concerning the
compensation earned by our Chief Executive Officer and each of the four
additional most highly compensated executive officers for the years ended
December 31, 1999, December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1997, whose compensation
was in excess of $100,000.
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<PAGE> 57
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Annual
compensation
------------------
Salary Securities underlying
Name and Principal Position Year ($) Bonus($) options(#)(1)(2)(4)
- --------------------------- ---- -------- -------- ---------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
John W. Hall 1999 $349,800 $165,100 30,000
President, Chief Executive 1998 $318,000 $165,100 262,313
Officer and Director 1997 $318,000 -- 75,000
Don P. Duffy 1999 $202,238 $101,120 15,000
Chief Financial Officer, 1998 $194,565 $101,120 119,374
Executive Vice President 1997 $178,600 -- 25,000
and Director
Frank Marraccino 1999 $173,249 $ 86,625 15,000
Executive Vice President 1998 $169,500 $ 78,750 139,374
1997 $179,301 $ 15,000 20,000
Todd A. Pierson(3) 1999 $119,413 $ 82,500 15,000
Senior Vice President
Vincent M. Scardina 1999 $136,434 $ 34,109 5,000
Senior Vice President,
Controller and Treasurer
Eugene J. Warner, Jr. 1998 $144,200 $ 57,680 60,000
Executive Vice President 1997 $140,000 --
Regan E. Kelley 1998 $137,197 $ 31,299 25,000
Executive Vice President 1997 $133,550 -- 5,000
and General Counsel
</TABLE>
- -----------------
(1) No restricted stock grants were made to any of the named executive
officers during the 1999 fiscal year.
(2) Stock options for shares of Onyx awarded in the year indicated and
exercisable in the future.
(3) Joined us in April 1999.
(4) Stock option figures for 1998 include options granted in 1998 at a new
exercise price which cancelled preexisting options originally granted from
1995 to 1998 but with a higher exercise price, as reported in our Amended
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed with the SEC on October 19, 1999.
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<PAGE> 58
The following table contains information concerning the stock option
grants made to each of the executive officers named above for the year ended
December 31, 1999. No stock appreciation rights were granted to these
individuals during such year.
OPTION GRANTS IN FISCAL YEAR 1999
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Individual Grant Potential Realizable
------------------------------------------------------------ Value at Assumed Annual
Percent of Rates of Stock Price
Number of Total Options Per Appreciation for
Securities Granted to Share Option Term(1)
Underlying Employees in Exercise Expiration -------------------------
Name Options Granted Fiscal Year Price Date 5% 10%
- ---- --------------- ------------- -------- ----------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
John W. Hall ............. 30,000(2) 11.7% $5.50 2/23/2009 $268,768 $427,968
Don P. Duffy ............. 15,000(2) 5.9% $5.50 2/23/2009 $134,384 $213,984
Frank L. Marraccino ..... 15,000(2) 5.9% $5.50 2/23/2009 $134,384 $213,984
Todd A. Pierson .......... 15,000(4) 5.9% $5.81 4/12/2009 $141,958 $226,045
Vincent M. Scardina ...... 5,000(3) 2.0% $5.75 2/4/2009 $ 46,831 $ 74,570
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) The 5% and 10% assumed annual rates of compounded stock price appreciation
are permitted by rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. There
can be no assurance provided to any executive officer or any other holder
of our securities that the actual stock price appreciation over the
10-year option term will be at the assumed 5% and 10% levels or at any
other defined level. Unless the market price of the common stock
appreciates over the option term, no value will be realized from the
option grants made to the executive officers.
(2) Option granted on February 23, 1999, of which 25% became exercisable one
year from the grant date and balance exercisable thereafter in 36 equal
monthly installments upon the optionee's completion of each month of
service.
(3) Option granted on February 4, 1999, of which 25% became exercisable one
year from the grant date and balance exercisable thereafter in 36 equal
monthly installments upon the optionee's completion of each month of
service.
(4) Option granted on April 12, 1999, of which 25% became exercisable one year
from the grant date and balance exercisable thereafter in 36 equal monthly
installments upon the optionee's completion of each month of service.
The following table sets forth information concerning the value of
unexercised options held by each of our executive officers named above for the
year ended December 31, 1999. No options or stock appreciation rights were
exercised during such year and no stock appreciation rights were outstanding at
the end of that year.
AGGREGATE OPTION EXERCISES AND 1999 FISCAL YEAR-END VALUES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of
Securities Underlying Value of Unexercised
Unexercised Options at 1999 In-The-Money Options at 1999
Fiscal Year End Fiscal Year End(1)
----------------------------- ------------------------------
Name Exercisable Unexercisable Exercisable Unexercisable
- ---- ----------- ------------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
John W. Hall 197,181 86,561 $335,208 $147,154
Don P. Duffy 60,846 45,417 $118,650 $ 88,563
Frank L. Marraccino 55,414 53,959 $ 36,573 $ 35,613
Todd A. Pierson -- 15,000 -- $ 8,550
Vincent M. Scardina 25,496 19,534 $ 50,227 $ 38,482
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Based on the closing market value of the option shares at fiscal year-end
($6.38 per share) less the exercise price payable for such in-the-money
shares.
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<PAGE> 59
DIRECTORS' COMPENSATION
Our directors, with the exception of our Chairman of the Board do not
receive compensation for service on our board of directors or any committee
thereof but are reimbursed for their out-of-pocket expenses in serving on our
board of directors. (In addition, Messrs. Duffy and Hall who are members of our
board, receive salaries for their positions as our CEO - CFO, respectively.)
Certain non-employee members of our board of directors have been granted options
to purchase shares of our common stock from time to time in connection with
their appointment to and performance on the board of directors. Additionally,
each of the non-employee members of our board of directors is eligible to
receive options to purchase common stock under our amended and restated 1996
stock option/stock issuance incentive plan's automatic option grant program.
Under our automatic option grant program, each director receives an option
grant to purchase 10,000 shares of common stock at the time he or she is
initially elected, and at each annual stockholders meeting each individual with
at least six months of service on our board who is to continue to serve as a
non-employee member of our board after the meeting will receive an option grant
to purchase 7,000 shares of common stock, whether or not such individual has
been in our prior employ.
Each automatic grant will have a term of ten years. This term is
conditioned upon the optionee's continuing service on our board. The initial
automatic option grant of 10,000 shares under our automatic option grant program
upon initial board membership vests in a series of twenty-four successive equal
monthly installments upon the optionee's completion of each month of board
service over this twenty-four month period measured from the grant date. The
annual automatic option grants of 7,000 shares vests in a series of twelve equal
monthly installments upon the optionee's completion of each month of board
service over this twelve month period measured from the grant date. However,
each outstanding option will immediately vest upon certain changes in our
ownership or control or the death or disability of the optionee while serving as
a board member.
The non-employee directors will receive a grant of 7,000 shares each
following the annual shareholders meeting in 2000.
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
None of our executive officers have employment agreements with us, and
their employment may be terminated at any time at the discretion of our board of
directors. Stock options granted under our 1996 stock option/stock issuance
incentive plan may be accelerated at the discretion of our board in the event
of a change of control or in the event of an involuntary termination following a
change of control.
STOCK OPTION GRANTS
We use stock options as long-term incentives and expect that we will
continue to issue this compensation alternative in the future. Our compensation
committee grants incentive stock options and, in certain circumstances,
non-qualified stock options to our employees and views such grants less as
short-term compensation and more as a long-term incentive mechanism. Grants were
made in 1999 to some executives as shown in the Summary Compensation Table and
to other key employees.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
The members of the compensation committee of our board of directors during
1999 were Messrs. Stickel and Jones. None of these individuals was at any time
during the year ended December 31, 1999, or at any other time an officer or
employee of ours.
None of our executive officers served as a member of the board of
directors or compensation committee of any entity which has one or more
executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors or compensation
committee.
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<PAGE> 60
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
CERTAIN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS
Bruce R. Hallett, one of our directors, is a partner in the law firm of
Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, or Brobeck. As of December 31, 1999, members of
Brobeck beneficially owned 23,725 shares of our common stock. Brobeck has served
as our counsel since our inception. For the year ended December 31, 1999, we
paid Brobeck approximately $312,000 for legal services and costs incurred in
connection with our operations.
INDEBTEDNESS OF MANAGEMENT
In December 1994, we loaned $175,000 to John Hall, who is our chief
executive officer, president and a director. This loan is evidenced by a
promissory note bearing interest at 6.66% per annum. All principal and accrued
interest under this note is due on December 20, 2000 pursuant to an extension
granted by our Board of Directors. In connection with this loan, Mr. Hall
granted us an option to repurchase, at a price per share of $18.87, up to 9,277
shares of our common stock owned by Mr. Hall. This option is exercisable through
December 20, 2000.
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<PAGE> 61
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial
ownership of our common stock by:
- - all persons known to Onyx to be the beneficial owner of 5% or more of our
common stock;
- - each director and nominee for director;
- - each executive officer; and
- - all officers and directors as a group.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name and address of Amount and nature of
beneficial owner(2) beneficial ownership Percent of Class(1)
- ------------------- --------------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Lincolnshire Associates(4) 621,200 10.0%
Wellington Management 610,000 9.8%
Company, LLP(5)
The Bass Group(6) 594,075 9.6%
Dimensional Fund(3) 406,800 6.6%
John W. Hall(7) 477,897 7.4%
Don P. Duffy (8) 86,893 1.4%
G. Bradford Jones(9) 661,569 10.7%
Frank Marraccino(10) 71,176 1.1%
Thomas C. Stickel(11) 60,016 1.0%
Eugene J. Warner, Jr.(12) 57,631 1.0%
Vincent M. Scardina(13) 44,911 *
Bruce R. Hallett(14) 35,973 *
C. Thomas Meyers(15) 17,000 *
Michael A. Krahelski(16) 6,478 *
Todd A. Pierson(17) 7,762 *
All executive officers and
directors as a group
(12 persons)(18) 1,527,306 22.5%
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* Less than one percent.
(1) Percentage of ownership is based on 6,189,758 shares of common stock
outstanding as of April 3, 2000. Shares of common stock options which
are currently exercisable, or will become exercisable within 60 days
after April 3, 2000 are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage
of the person or group holding such options, but are not deemed
outstanding for computing the percentage of any other person or group.
(2) Unless otherwise indicated, the persons named in the table have sole
voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares beneficially
owned, subject to community property laws where applicable.
(3) Dimensional Fund Advisors, Inc., 1299 Ocean Avenue, 11th Floor, Santa
Monica, California 90401 in its capacity as an investment advisor
registered under Section 203 of The Investment Advisors Act of 1940,
furnishes investment advice to four investment companies registered under
the Investment Company Act of
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<PAGE> 62
1940, and serves as investment manager to certain other commingled group
trusts and separate accounts. These investment companies, trusts and
accounts are the "Funds." In its role as investment advisor or manager,
Dimensional possesses voting and/or investment power over the securities
described in this schedule that are owned by the Funds. All securities
reported in this schedule are owned by the Funds Dimensional disclaims
beneficial ownership of such securities.
(4) Lincolnshire Associates, LTD., 2550 Midway Road, Suite 220, Carrollton,
Texas 75006, in its capacity as a limited partnership formed for the
purpose of making investments may be deemed to beneficially own 621,200
shares of common stock for its partners.
(5) Wellington Management Company, LLP, 75 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts
02109 in its capacity as investment advisor, may be deemed to beneficially
own 610,000 shares which are held of record by clients at Wellington
Management Company, LLP.
(6) The Bass Group consists of The Bass Management Trust (145,455 shares;
2.4%), Sid R. Bass Management Trust (224,310 shares; 3.6%), Lee M. Bass
through the 820 Management Trust (224,310; 3.6%). The above persons are
collectively referred to as the "Reporting Persons" pursuant to Amendment
No. 1 to Schedule 13G Statement filed January 4, 1998 and made a single
joint filing because they may be deemed to constitute a "group" within the
meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Act, although neither the fact of that
filing nor anything therein should be deemed to be an admission by the
Reporting Persons that a group exists.
(7) Includes 226,447 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Hall is our president and chief
executive officer, 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill Ranch, California
92610.
(8) Includes 74,486 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Duffy is our chief financial officer
and our executive vice president, 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill
Ranch, California 92610.
(9) Includes 22,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable shares by Mr. Jones and 639,569 shares of common
stock owned by Brentwood VI, L.P. Mr. Jones, as general partner of
Brentwood Associates VI, L.P., 2730 Sand Hill Road, Suite 250, Menlo Park,
California 94025 may be deemed to share voting and dispositive power with
respect to these shares. Mr. Jones disclaims beneficial ownership of these
shares except for his proportional interest therein.
(10) Includes 71,035 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Marraccino is our executive vice
president, 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill Ranch, California 92610.
(11) Includes 60,016 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Stickel is our chairman of the board,
27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill Ranch, California 92610.
(12) Includes 57,603 shares of common stock, issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Warner is our executive vice
president, 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill Ranch, California 92610.
(13) Includes 31,746 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Scardina is our senior vice
president, controller and treasurer, 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill
Ranch, CA 92610.
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<PAGE> 63
(14) Includes 29,623 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Hallett is one of our directors,
27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill Ranch, California 92610.
(15) Includes 17,000 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Meyers is one of our directors, 81
Fulling Mill Cir., Fairfield, Connecticut 06430.
(16) Includes 5,728 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Krahelski is our secretary, senior
vice president and general counsel, 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill
Ranch, CA 92610.
(17) Includes 4,062 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
immediately exercisable options or options that will become exercisable
within 60 days of April 3, 2000. Mr. Pierson is our senior vice president
and chief information officer, 27051 Towne Centre Drive, Foothill Ranch,
CA 92610.
(18) Includes (i) 639,569 shares of common stock held by Brentwood Associates
VI, L.P., and (ii) an aggregate of 599,746 shares issuable to our
executive officers and directors upon the exercise of immediately
exercisable options or options that will become exercisable within 60 days
of April 3, 2000, and (iii) does not include shares owned by the Bass
Group, Wellington Management Company, Lincolnshire Associates or
Dimensional Fund.
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<PAGE> 64
DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTES
We will issue the notes under an Indenture dated as of April 17, 2000
between us and Bankers Trust Company, as trustee. Many of the terms and
conditions applicable to the notes will be contained in the Indenture. The
following summarizes some, but not all, of the provisions of the notes and the
indenture. You should refer to the actual terms of the notes and the Indenture
for the definitive terms and conditions. Copies of the proposed forms of
indenture and notes are filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement of which
this prospectus is a part. As used in this description of notes, the words "we,"
"us," or "our" do not include any of our subsidiaries unless expressly stated.
GENERAL
The total principal amount of the notes will be limited to $13,800,000.
The notes represent our general unsecured obligations and are subordinate in
right of payment to our Senior Debt and rank equally with our Parity Debt as
described below under the subheading "Subordination." We will issue the notes in
fully registered form only in denominations of $1,000 each and any integral
multiple of $1,000. The notes will mature on June 15, 2006 unless redeemed or
repurchased before the maturity date. See below under the subheading "Optional
Redemption by Us."
The indenture restricts our ability to enter into certain transactions,
unless we first satisfy conditions described in the indenture. If the
transaction involves a Change of Control, you will have the right to require us
to repurchase your notes, as described below under the subheading "Repurchase at
Option of Holder."
The notes will have no sinking fund. A sinking fund is a custodial or
similar account into which regularly scheduled deposits are made for purposes of
funding the redemption or repurchase of the principal amount of the notes.
As long as we are a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, we must furnish to the trustee all reports required to be
filed with the Commission under the Exchange Act and to the noteholders all
annual reports required to be filed with the Commission under the Exchange Act.
REGISTRATION, TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE
Book-entry Notes. The notes will be originally issued in the form of a
global note that will be deposited with The Depository Trust Company, New York,
New York ("DTC"), as depositary. This means that, unless requested, we will not
generally issue certificates to each holder. One global note will be issued at
closing to DTC who will keep a computerized record of its participants (for
example, a broker) whose clients have purchased the notes. The participant will
then keep a record of its clients who purchased the notes. Unless it is
exchanged in whole or in part for certificated notes, as set forth below, the
global note may not be transferred; except that DTC, its nominees, and their
successors may transfer a global note as a whole to one another.
Beneficial interests in the global note will be shown on, and transfers
of the global note will be made only through, records maintained by DTC and its
participants and may be completed by contacting the trustee at any office of
Bankers Trust Company located in the continental United States.
DTC will hold the global note through its nominee, Cede & Co. We will
wire principal and interest payments to Cede & Co. We and the trustee will treat
Cede & Co. as the owner of the global note for all purposes. We, the trustee and
the paying agent will have no direct responsibility if Cede & Co. fails to
distribute those payments to owners of beneficial interests in the global note.
It is DTC's current practice, upon receipt of any payment of principal or
interest, to credit participants' accounts on the payment date according to
their respective holdings of beneficial interests in the global note as shown on
DTC's records. In addition, it is DTC's current practice to assign any
consenting or voting rights to participants whose accounts are credited with
notes on a record date by using an omnibus proxy. Payments by participants to
owners of beneficial interests in the global note, and voting by participants,
will be governed by the customary practices between the participants and owners
of
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beneficial interests, as is the case with debt securities held for the account
of customers registered in "street name." However, those payments will be the
responsibility of the participants and not of DTC, the trustee or us.
Certificated Notes. If we issue certificated notes, they will be
registered in the name of the holder of the note. The notes represented by the
global note may be presented for registration, transfer or exchange, pursuant to
administrative procedures in the indenture, without the payment of any service
charge (other than any tax or other governmental charge) by contacting the
trustee at any office of Bankers Trust Company located in the continental United
States. Principal of and interest and any premium on certificated notes will be
paid, at our option, by check mailed to the persons in whose names the notes are
registered on days specified in the prospectus. We are not required to register
the transfer or exchange of any notes that have been previously surrendered for
repurchase or redemption.
Notes represented by the global note may be exchanged for certificated
notes with the same terms in authorized denominations only if:
- Requested in writing by the Underwriters or a subsequent
transferee of notes to the trustee;
- DTC notifies us that it is unwilling or unable to continue as
depositary and we have not appointed a successor depositary
within 90 days;
- DTC ceases to be a clearing agency registered under applicable
law; or
- We determine not to have the notes be represented by a global
note and notify the trustee of our decision.
About DTC. DTC has provided us the following information:
- DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New
York Banking Law, a "banking organization" within the meaning
of the New York Banking Law, a member of the United States
Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation" within the
meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a
"clearing agency" registered under the provisions of Section
17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
- DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC
and records the settlement among participants of securities
transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited
securities through computerized records for participants'
accounts. This eliminates the need to exchange certificates.
Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks,
trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other
organizations.
- DTC's book-entry system is also used by other organizations
such as securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust
companies that work through a participant. The rules that
apply to DTC and its participants are on file with the SEC.
- DTC is owned by a number of its participants and by the New
York Stock Exchange, Inc., The American Stock Exchange, Inc.
and the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
INTEREST
The notes will accrue interest at an annual rate of 12-1/2%. We will
pay the first interest payment on June 15, 2000, and quarterly after that date
on the 15th day of September, December, March and June. We will also pay all
accrued interest upon maturity, redemption or repurchase of the notes. Interest
will be payable to the person in whose name the note is registered at the close
of business on the first day of the calendar month in which such interest
payment is due. If any date on which an interest payment is due falls on a day
that is
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not a business day, we will make the payment on the next business day and we
will not pay any additional interest. We will generally make all interest
payments on the notes by check mailed to the holders entitled to the interest.
Whenever interest is paid, the payment will include interest accrued to, but
excluding, the interest payment date or the date of redemption, conversion,
repurchase or maturity. We will compute interest on the notes on the basis of a
360-day year comprised of twelve 30-day months.
OPTIONAL REDEMPTION BY US
On or after June 15, 2002, we may elect to redeem the notes. If we
elect to redeem the notes, we must redeem a minimum principal amount of
$100,000. We will not be allowed to redeem the notes before June 15, 2002. We
will provide the holders of the notes at least 30 but not more than 60 days
notice of our intent to redeem the notes.
The redemption price for the notes, expressed as a percentage of the
principal amount of each note thereof, will be as follows for notes redeemed in
the 12-month periods beginning on June 15 of each of the following years:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
2002 2003 2004 2005 and thereafter
---- ---- ---- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Redemption Price: 105% 103% 101% 100%
</TABLE>
We will also pay accrued interest through the date fixed for
redemption. If an interest payment is due before the date fixed for redemption,
the interest payable on such date will be paid to the holder of record as of the
first day of the calendar month in which such interest payment is due. Interest
not so paid will be paid to the party to whom the redemption price is paid.
We have no right to redeem the notes during any period when an event of
default under the indenture, or an event which, with notice or lapse of time or
both, would constitute an event of default under the indenture, has occurred and
is continuing. Events constituting a default under the indenture are described
below under the subheading "Events of Default and Remedies."
REPURCHASE AT OPTION OF HOLDER
If we experience a Change of Control, as defined below, you will have
the right, at your option, to require us to repurchase all or part of your notes
on the 45th calendar day after the date that we mail a notice to you of the
occurrence of a Change of Control. If you exercise this option, we will pay 101%
of the principal amount of the notes, together with accrued interest up to the
date of repurchase. If an interest payment date is due on or before the date
fixed for such repurchase, we will pay the interest payable to the holder of
record as of the first day of the calendar month in which such interest payment
is due. Interest not so paid will be paid to the party to whom the repurchase
price in respect of the principal amount of the note is paid.
You may exercise your repurchase rights by delivering to the trustee,
on or before the close of business on the 30th calendar day after the date of
our repurchase notice, written notice indicating, among other things, that you
have elected to exercise your repurchase rights. If you have certificated notes,
the notice shall be accompanied by the certificate or certificates representing
your notes, endorsed for transfer to us.
A "Change of Control" occurs at such time as any person is or becomes
the beneficial owner, as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of shares
of our capital stock entitling such person to exercise 50% or more of the total
voting power of all shares of our capital stock entitled to vote in elections of
directors (or the capital stock of our successor in the case of a merger or
transfer of substantially all of our assets).
In the event that we are required to repurchase the notes, there can be
no assurances that we will have sufficient funds to pay the repurchase price. A
Change of Control may result in a default (directly or by way of a cross-default
provision) under one or more agreements governing our Senior Debt or Parity
Debt. In such a circumstance, the subordination provisions contained in the
Indenture may prevent us from making any payment on the notes, including a
payment of the repurchase price, unless we first obtain the consent of the
holders of defaulted Senior Debt or Parity Debt or repay the Senior Debt or
Parity Debt in full.
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Your right to require us to repurchase the notes as a result of a
Change of Control may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a
Change of Control or other attempt to acquire control of us. Consequently, the
right may increase the difficulty of a merger, consolidation or tender offer, or
an assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our shares and the
removal of incumbent management. The Change of Control repurchase feature is a
result of negotiations between us, Miller & Schroeder and Peacock, Hislop,
Staley & Given, Inc. and is not the result of our knowledge of any specific
effort to accumulate shares of common stock or to obtain control of us by means
of a merger, tender offer, solicitation or otherwise, or part of a plan by us to
adopt a series of anti-takeover provisions. We have no present intention to
engage in a transaction involving a Change of Control, although it is possible
that we would decide to do so in the future.
Rule 13e-4 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires the
distribution of certain information to security holders in the event of certain
issuer tender offers and may apply in the event of a repurchase. We will comply
with this rule to the extent applicable.
SUBORDINATION
All payments under the notes are, to the extent provided in the
indenture, subordinate and junior to the prior payment in full of all Senior
Debt. The subordination provisions apply to existing Senior Debt as well as
Senior Debt incurred after the date of this prospectus. The notes will be senior
in right of payment to any debt subordinated to the notes and to any debt (other
than the notes) held by an affiliate of ours, whether outstanding at the closing
of this offering or created thereafter. The notes rank equally in right of
payment with the Parity Debt. The Parity Debt is described under the caption
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources -- BayView Term Loan."
Upon any distribution of our assets or our dissolution, winding up,
liquidation or reorganization, the payments on the notes will be subordinated in
right of payment to the prior payment in full of all Senior Debt. Moreover, if
the notes are accelerated following an event of default under the indenture, the
holders of any Senior Debt then outstanding will be entitled to payment in full
before the holders of the notes are entitled to receive any payment on the
notes. However, our obligations to make payments with respect to the notes will
not otherwise be affected. We are the sole obligor on the notes.
Upon any distribution of our assets or our dissolution, winding up,
liquidation or reorganization, the payments on the notes will be made equally
with the payments on the Parity Debt. If the notes are accelerated following an
event of default under the indenture, after payment to the holders of any Senior
Debt then outstanding, any remaining amounts will be paid to the holders of the
notes and the holders of the Parity Debt pro rata in accordance with the
relative principal amount of such Indebtedness then outstanding.
In addition, the subordination provisions will prevent us from making
any payments on the notes if:
- we fail to pay any payment of principal, interest, premium, or
other obligation, if any, due on any Senior Debt beyond the
applicable grace period; or
- any other default occurs and is continuing under any Senior Debt
that permits holders of the Senior Debt to accelerate the maturity
of any Senior Debt.
We may resume making payments on the notes once the default on the
Senior Debt is cured or waived or otherwise ceases to exist.
"Senior Debt" means the principal of any premium and all interest on
(i) any and all our indebtedness (other than the notes, Parity Debt and
Subordinated Debt) in respect of borrowed money, which in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles, would be included in determining the
total liabilities side of our balance sheet, and (ii) all new financings,
renewals, extensions and refundings thereof; provided that any indebtedness
shall not be Senior Debt if the instrument creating or evidencing any such
indebtedness or pursuant to which such
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indebtedness is outstanding, provides that such indebtedness, or such renewal,
extension or refunding thereof, is junior or is not superior in right of payment
to or ranks pari passu with the notes.
"Parity Debt" means our indebtedness incurred under the BayView Loan
Agreement and any and all of our other indebtedness which had an original
maturity date in excess of one year and contains covenants, conditions and
restrictions on us which are not inconsistent with or violate the covenants,
conditions and restrictions imposed by the Indenture, and is neither Senior Debt
nor Subordinated Debt.
"Subordinated Debt" means all of our indebtedness created, incurred,
assumed or guaranteed by us which, by the terms of the instrument creating such
indebtedness it is provided that such indebtedness and any renewal thereof is
expressly subordinate and junior in right of payment to the notes.
The Indenture permits us to incur additional Senior Debt provided
certain financial tests are met as described below under the subheading
"Restrictive Covenants". As of December 31, 1999, we had approximately $278
million of outstanding indebtedness which is expected to be Senior Debt, and
approximately $10 million of outstanding indebtedness which is Parity Debt.
The subordination provisions of the indenture and the notes will not
prevent the occurrence of any event of default under the indenture or limit the
rights of any holder of notes to pursue any other rights or remedies with
respect to the notes.
As a result of the subordination provisions, in the event of our
liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, receivership or similar
proceeding, holders of the notes may receive less than other creditors on a
ratable basis.
EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES
The following events constitute events of default under the indenture:
- our failure to pay interest on the notes when due if the failure
continues for 15 days;
- our failure to pay the principal of, or premium, if any, on any of
the notes when due;
- our breach of any financial covenant and continuance of such
breach for a period of 30 days after the date of our report to the
trustee;
- our failure to perform any other covenant or warranty in the
indenture if the failure continues for 60 days after appropriate
notice is given to us, the trustee and the noteholders, as
applicable;
- a default by us on any indebtedness that results in the
acceleration of indebtedness in an amount in excess of $5,000,000
and the indebtedness or the acceleration has not been discharged
or waived for 60 days after notice is given in accordance with the
indenture;
- we are replaced as servicer in any transaction which affects more
than 25% of the principal amount of outstanding securities of our
or any of our subsidiaries' securitizations and such event is not
cured within 30 days;
- certain events involving our bankruptcy, insolvency or
reorganization; and
- a final judgment by a court against us for the payment of money in
an amount in excess of $5,000,000, net of insurance proceeds, that
remains unsatisfied or unbonded for 30 days after the right to
appeal such judgment has expired or terminated.
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The trustee will generally be required, within 60 days after its
becoming aware of a default, to provide the beneficial holders of the notes
written notice of the default. Except in the case of a payment default, the
trustee will not be required to deliver a notice of default if it determines in
good faith that withholding the notice is in the best interest of the holders of
the notes.
If an event of default under the indenture has occurred and is
continuing, the trustee, or the holders of not less than 25% of the aggregate
principal amount of the notes, may declare all amounts outstanding on the notes
to be immediately due and payable.
The indenture will generally provide that the holders of a majority in
principal amount of the outstanding notes may direct the time, method and place
of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the trustee or
exercising any trust or power conferred on the trustee, subject to certain
limitations. Before proceeding to exercise any right or power under the
Indenture at the direction of the holders, the trustee will be entitled to
receive from the holders reasonable security or indemnity against any costs,
expenses and liabilities that it might incur as a result. Following an event of
default for nonpayment, each holder to which the default pertains will have the
absolute right to institute suit to enforce payment of any notes held by it.
Generally, the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the outstanding notes may on behalf of the holders of all notes waive
any default or event of default. The consent of all note holders will be
required to waive any Events of Default relating to a failure to make payment on
any note, or to comply with any of the provisions of the Indenture that would
require the consent of affected holders to modify.
Within 120 days of the end of each fiscal year, we will be required to
send the trustee a statement of certain of our officers stating:
- that such officer has analyzed our activities during such year and
supervised the performance under the Indenture; and
- whether, to the best of such officer's knowledge based on such
analysis, we are in compliance with our obligations under the
Indenture or if we have defaulted on such obligations.
We are also required, if certain of our officers obtain knowledge that
we are not in compliance with the terms of the Indenture or the notes, to
deliver to the trustee a statement specifying the nature of the default and the
action we have taken, are taking or propose to take to cure the default.
RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS
Limitation on Additional Indebtedness
The Indenture prohibits us and our subsidiaries from creating,
incurring, assuming or issuing, directly or indirectly, or guaranteeing or in
any manner becoming, directly or indirectly, liable for any indebtedness except
for:
- the notes;
- indebtedness outstanding on the date the notes are issued by us;
- indebtedness which does not cause our Consolidated Leverage Ratio
described below to exceed 3:1;
- deferrals, renewals, extensions, replacements, refinancing or
refundings of indebtedness listed above;
- indebtedness between us and any of our Restricted Subsidiaries;
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- indebtedness incurred in connection with the purchase of notes
required in connection with the Change of Control provided that
the aggregate principal amount of such indebtedness does not
exceed 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes
purchased in connection with such Change of Control and that such
indebtedness does not mature prior to the stated maturity of the
notes and ranks pari passu with the notes;
- indebtedness under certain currency and interest rate swap
agreements;
- indebtedness incurred by us to finance the purchase or origination
of motor vehicle contracts for the purpose of pooling such
contracts prior to securitization, subject to certain limitations
set forth in the indenture;
- indebtedness incurred by us in connection with a Qualified
Securitization Transaction, as set forth in the indenture;
- non-recourse indebtedness; and
- indebtedness of up to $8 million incurred in connection with the
purchase or lease of property.
"Consolidated Leveraged Ratio" means the ratio of the aggregate amount
of all of our indebtedness, excluding the indebtedness permitted as described
immediately above, to our consolidated tangible stockholders' equity, as
determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
"Restricted Subsidiary" means all of our subsidiaries with assets
greater than $1,000 if our Consolidated Leveraged Ratio exceeds 3:1.
Limitations on Transactions With Affiliates
Any indebtedness between us and any of our affiliates will be
subordinate and junior in right of payment to the notes. We cannot permit any of
our Restricted Subsidiaries to engage in any transaction of any kind or nature
with any of our affiliates, other than a Restricted Subsidiary, unless
- the terms of the transaction are no less beneficial to us or our
subsidiary, as the case may be, than a similar transaction with an
unrelated person under the same circumstances and, in the case of
a transaction with a value of over $1,000,000, a majority of our
board's independent members determine that the transaction terms
are fair to us or our subsidiary, as the case may be; or
- if the transaction or series of transactions has a value over
$5,000,000, a person experienced in the nature of the transaction
certifies the transaction to our board of directors as fair to us
or our subsidiary, as the case may be, and the terms are those
that would be found in similar transactions with unrelated persons
under the same circumstances.
The foregoing limitation is subject to certain exceptions, including
- loans or advances to our employees in the ordinary course of
business;
- customary directors fees and indemnities;
- ordinary course commercial agreements or renewals thereof on such
terms as are in effect as of the date the notes are issued and
which terms are no less favorable to us or such Restricted
Subsidiary than those that could be obtained at the time of such
transaction in arm's-length dealings with an unaffiliated person;
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- any issuance of securities, or other payments, compensation,
benefits, awards or grants in cash, securities or otherwise
pursuant to, or the funding of, employment arrangements, stock
options and stock ownership plans approved by our Board of
Directors;
- the grant of stock options or similar rights to our employees and
directors or the employees or directors of a Restricted
Subsidiary; and
- transactions effected as part of a Qualified Securitization
Transaction and warehouse financings.
Restricted Payments
Neither we nor any of our Restricted Subsidiaries are permitted to make
any Restricted Payment:
- if an event of default under the indenture shall have occurred and
is continuing at such time;
- if at such time our Consolidated Leveraged Ratio exceeds 3:1; or
- The total amount of restricted payments would exceed an amount
determined pursuant to a formula set forth in the indenture.
The following actions each constitute a "Restricted Payment" under the
indenture:
- the declaration or payment of any dividend or any other
distribution on our capital stock or on the capital stock of our
subsidiaries or any payment made to the direct or indirect holders
(in their capacities as such) of our or our subsidiaries' capital
stock, other than
- dividends or distributions payable solely in capital stock or
in options, warrants or other rights to purchase capital
stock; and
- in the case of any subsidiary of ours, dividends or
distributions payable to us or to any of our subsidiaries;
- the purchase, redemption or other acquisition or retirement for
value of our or our subsidiaries' capital stock other than
purchases of our capital stock which is contributed to a employee
stock ownership plan maintained by us for our employees; or
- investments in any person, other than certain permitted
investments.
For purposes of this definition, "Restricted Payment" does not include:
- payments made in the form of our common stock;
- mandatory repurchase obligations by us with respect to shares
issued by any employee stock ownership plan of ours;
- purchases of common stock of, or investments in, a wholly-owned
subsidiary of ours that is not a "Restricted Subsidiary";
- repurchases of our common stock on the open market made in
compliance with Rule 10b-18 of the Exchange Act so long as there
is no default and we will be in compliance with certain financial
covenants after giving pro forma effect to such repurchases;
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- "Permitted Investments" including dividends, debt, payments and
other transactions by us or one of our subsidiaries in connection
with a Qualified Securitization Transaction; or
- repurchases of our common stock on the open market to fund
matching contributions under our 401(k) plan or purchases or
matching contributions under our deferred compensation program.
Minimum Net Worth
We are obligated to maintain a minimum Consolidated Tangible Net Worth
of $35,000,000 as adjusted by a formula in the indenture. The minimum net worth
will be adjusted upward, on a cumulative basis from January 1, 1999, by 50% of
positive consolidated net income, and downward (but never below $35,000,000), on
a cumulative basis from January 1, 1999, up to $3,000,000 in respect of "FASB
Net Worth Adjustments."
- "FASB Net Worth Adjustments" means adjustments in net worth
required by Financial Accounting Standard No. 125 or No. 133
issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.
- "Consolidated Tangible Net Worth" means our consolidated tangible
stockholders equity, as determined in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles.
Nasdaq Listing
We will be required to maintain the listing of our common stock on the
Nasdaq National Market or another market or exchange.
MODIFICATIONS OF THE INDENTURE
The indenture generally allows the trustee and us, with the consent of
the holders of not less than a majority of the aggregate principal amount of the
outstanding notes, to modify the indenture, any supplemental indenture or the
notes. The following modifications require the consent of each affected
noteholder:
- a change of the maturity of any note or any interest or premium
payment;
- a reduction in the rate or an extension of the time or payment of
interest on any note;
- a reduction in the principal amount of any note;
- a reduction in any amount payable upon redemption or repurchase of
any note;
- any modification to our obligation to repurchase any note upon a
Change of Control if adverse to any holder of notes;
- any modification that impairs or adversely affects the right of
any holder to institute suit for the payment of any note;
- any change in currency in which any note is payable; and
- any modification of the subordination provisions that adversely
affects the holders of the notes.
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
We may discharge our obligations under the indenture while the notes
remain outstanding if:
- all notes are within one year of their scheduled maturity or the
date on which they are scheduled for redemption; and
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- we have deposited with the trustee an amount sufficient to pay all
outstanding notes on their scheduled maturity or the date
scheduled for redemption.
LEGAL DEFEASANCE AND COVENANT DEFEASANCE
The indenture provides that we may elect either:
- to defease and be discharged from any and all of our obligations
with respect to the notes, except for the obligations to register
the transfer or exchange of such notes, to replace temporary or
mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen notes, to maintain an office
or agency in respect of the notes and to hold monies for payment
in trust ("legal defeasance"), or
- to be released from our obligations with respect to the notes
under certain covenants contained in the indenture ("covenant
defeasance"),
upon the deposit with the trustee or other qualifying trustee, in trust for such
purpose, of money and/or non-callable U.S. government obligations which, through
the payment of principal and interest in accordance with their terms, will
provide money, in an amount sufficient to pay the principal of, premium, if any,
and interest on the notes, on the scheduled due dates therefor or on a selected
date of redemption in accordance with the terms of the indenture. Such a trust
may only be established if, among other things,
- we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel as
specified in the indenture:
- to the effect that neither the trust nor the trustee will be
required to register as an investment company under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended;
- in the case of a legal defeasance, stating that (i) we have
received from or there has been published by the Internal
Revenue Service a ruling to the effect that or (ii) there has
been a change in any applicable federal income tax law with
the effect that the holders of the outstanding notes or
persons in their positions will not recognize income, gain or
loss for federal income tax purposes solely as a result of
such defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on
the same amounts, in the same manner, including as a result of
prepayment, and at the same times as would have been the case
of such defeasance had not occurred; and
- in the case of a covenant defeasance, confirming that the
holders of the outstanding notes will not recognize income,
gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of
such covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income
tax on the same amounts, and the same manner and at the same
times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance
had not occurred;
- no default or event of default has occurred and be continuing on
the date of such deposit or insofar as events of default from
bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events are concerned, at
any time in the period ending on the 91st day after the date of
deposit or, if longer, ending on the day following the expiration
of the longest preference period under any bankruptcy law
applicable to us in respect of such deposit;
- such legal defeasance or covenant defeasance has not resulted in a
breach or violation of, or constitute a default under the
indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which
we or any of our subsidiaries is a party or by which we or any of
our subsidiaries is bound;
- we have delivered to the trustee an officers' certificate and an
opinion of counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent
provided for or relating to the legal defeasance or the covenant
defeasance have been complied with; and
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- we have delivered to the trustee an opinion of counsel to the
effect that certain other customary conditions precedent are
satisfied.
GOVERNING LAW
The indenture and the notes will be governed by the laws of the State
of New York.
CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
Bankers Trust Company will serve as trustee under the indenture and is
also the note registrar.
The trustee under the indenture has been appointed by us as the initial
paying agent, conversion agent, registrar and custodian with regard to the
notes. We may maintain deposit accounts and conduct other banking transactions
with the trustee or its affiliates in the ordinary course of business.
MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
GENERAL
The following is a summary of the material United States federal income
tax matters that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership and disposition
of the notes, but does not purport to be a complete analysis of all the
potential tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership and
disposition of the notes. This summary is based on the provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), applicable final,
temporary or proposed Treasury Regulations, judicial authority and current
administrative rulings and practice, all of which are subject to change,
possibly on a retroactive basis. This summary deals only with holders that will
hold notes as capital assets, and does not address tax considerations applicable
to investors that may be subject to special tax rules such as banks, tax-exempt
organizations, insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies, persons
that will hold notes as a position in a hedging, straddle or conversion
transactions, non-U.S. persons, or persons that have a functional currency other
than the U.S. dollar. In addition, it does not deal with holders other than
original purchasers, except where otherwise specifically noted.
PAYMENTS OF INTEREST
Stated Interest. The gross amount of stated interest (i.e. interest
payable at the rate stated by the terms of the note) accrued or received in
respect of the notes generally will be includible in the gross income of a
holder in accordance with the holder's method of tax accounting.
Original Issue Discount. Each note will be issued with original issue
discount because the excess of each note's "stated redemption price at maturity"
over its issue price exceeds a de minimis amount equal to 1/4 of 1 percent of
the note's stated redemption price at maturity multiplied by the number of years
to its maturity, based on the anticipated weighted average life of the note,
calculated using the prepayment assumption used in pricing the note and
weighting each payment by reference to the number of full years elapsed from the
issue date to the anticipated date of the payment. The issue price of a note
will be the first price at which a substantial amount of the notes is sold to
other than placement agents, underwriters, brokers or wholesalers. The stated
redemption price at maturity of a note will equal its principal amount.
A holder may be required to include original issue discount on a note
in income before the receipt of cash attributable to the income using a constant
yield method. The amount of original issue discount generally includible in
income is the sum of the daily portions of original issue discount with respect
to a note for each day during the taxable year or portion of the taxable year in
which the holder holds the note. Holders of the notes should consult their own
tax advisors regarding the impact of the original issue discount rules upon
their particular situation.
-69-
<PAGE> 75
In the event a holder purchases a note issued with original issue
discount at an acquisition premium, i.e., at a price in excess of its "adjusted
issue price" but less than its stated redemption price at maturity, the amount
includible in income in each taxable year as original issue discount is reduced
by that portion of the excess properly allocable to such year. The adjusted
issue price of a note is the sum of its issue price plus prior accruals of
original issue discount, reduced by the total payments made with respect to the
note in all prior periods, other than stated interest payments. Acquisition
premium is allocated on a pro rata basis to each accrual of original issue
discount, so that the holder is allowed to reduce each accrual of original issue
discount by a constant fraction.
Market Discount. The Code generally requires a holder of a "market
discount bond," as defined below, to recognize accrued market discount as
ordinary income as principal payments are received on the bond, in an amount not
exceeding any payment. The holder also generally will be required to treat a
portion of any gain realized on the disposition (including by gift) of the bond
as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount accrued during the
holder's period of ownership, less any accrued market discount reported as
ordinary income as partial principal payments were received. The market discount
rules generally require a holder of a bond to accrue market discount on the bond
in the ratio of original issue discount allocable to the relevant period on the
bond to the sum of the original issue discount for the period plus the remaining
original issue discount as of the end of the period on the bond (computed using
the prepayment assumption). A holder may elect to accrue market discount using a
constant yield method (taking into account the prepayment assumption). A "market
discount bond" is a debt obligation purchased at a market discount, subject to a
statutory de minimis exception. For this purpose, market discount generally
equals, in the case of a note, the excess of the adjusted issue price of the
note over the holder's adjusted tax basis in the note.
A holder who acquires a note that is a market discount bond may be
required to defer the deduction of all or a portion of any interest expense that
may otherwise be deductible on any indebtedness incurred or maintained to carry
the note until the note is disposed of in a taxable transaction.
Instead of recognizing market discount, if any, upon the payment of
principal on, or disposition of, a note, a holder may elect to include market
discount in income as the discount accrues, either on a ratable basis, or, if
elected, on a constant interest rate basis. The current inclusion election, once
made, applies to all market discount obligations acquired on or after the first
day of the first taxable year in which the election applies, and may not be
revoked without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service. The rule deferring
interest deductions does not apply if the holder of a "market discount bond"
elects to include the accrued market discount in income currently.
Amortizable Bond Premium. In general, if a holder purchases a note at a
premium (that is, an amount in excess of the amount payable upon the maturity
thereof), the holder will be considered to have purchased the note with
"amortizable bond premium" equal to the amount of the excess. The holder may
elect to amortize the bond premium as an offset to interest income and not as a
separate deduction item as it accrues under a constant yield method over the
remaining term of the note, using the prepayment assumption. The holder's
adjusted tax basis in the note will be reduced by the amount of the amortized
bond premium. Any election shall apply to all debt instruments (other than
instruments the interest on which is excludible from gross income) held by the
holder at the beginning of the first taxable year for which the election applies
or thereafter acquired and is irrevocable without the consent of the U.S.
Internal Revenue Service. Bond premium on a note held by a holder who does not
elect to amortize the premium will decrease the gain or increase the loss
otherwise recognized on the disposition of the note.
TAXATION OF DISPOSITIONS
Upon the sale or other disposition of notes, a holder that owns the
notes as capital assets will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax
purposes equal to the difference between the amount realized (other than the
portion of the amount, if any, attributable to accrued but unpaid interest not
previously included in income, which amount will be treated as interest income)
and the holder's adjusted tax basis in the notes. A holder's adjusted tax basis
in the notes generally will equal the cost of the notes to the holder, increased
by the amount of any original issue discount and market discount previously
included in income by the holder, and reduced by the amount of any premium
amortized and payments (other than payments of stated interest) previously
received by the holder, with
-70-
<PAGE> 76
respect to the notes. Gain or loss recognized by a holder on a sale or other
disposition of notes will, in general, be capital gain or loss, subject to the
market discount rules described above. Any gain or loss recognized by a holder
generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
INFORMATION REPORTING AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payments in respect of notes may be subject to information reporting to
the Internal Revenue Service and to a 31% backup withholding tax. Backup
withholding will not apply, however, to a holder who furnishes a correct
taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or who
is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. Generally, a holder will provide
certification on Form W-9 (Request for Taxpayer Identification Number and
Certification).
THE FOREGOING DISCUSSION IS FOR GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY AND IS NOT TAX
ADVICE. ACCORDINGLY, EACH PROSPECTIVE PURCHASER OF THE NOTES SHOULD CONSULT ITS
OWN TAX ADVISOR AS TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THE PURCHASER OF THE
PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE NOTES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY
AND EFFECT OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR FOREIGN TAX LAWS AND ANY RECENT OR PROSPECTIVE
CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.
-71-
<PAGE> 77
UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the
underwriting agreement, the underwriters named below have agreed to purchase
from us, and we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, notes in the principal
amounts listed opposite the underwriter's name below at the public offering
price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, less the underwriting
discounts and commissions.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRINCIPAL
NAME OF UNDERWRITER AMOUNT OF NOTES
- ------------------- ---------------
<S> <C>
Miller & Schroeder Financial, Inc.............. $ 9,000,000
Peacock, Hislop, Staley & Given, Inc........... 3,000,000
-----------
Total................................. $12,000,000
===========
</TABLE>
We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters for their out-of-pocket
expenses incurred in connection with the offering, including the fees and
expenses of the underwriters' counsel.
The underwriting agreement provides that the several underwriters will
be obligated to purchase, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein,
all of the notes being sold pursuant to the underwriting agreement (other than
the notes covered by the over-allotment option) if any of the notes being sold
pursuant to the underwriting agreement are purchased.
The underwriting agreement provides for reciprocal indemnification
between us, the several underwriters and their respective officers, directors
and controlling persons against civil liabilities in connection with this
offering, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities
Act may be permitted pursuant to such indemnification provisions, we have been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is therefore unenforceable.
The underwriters propose to offer the notes to the public at the price
to public set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain selected
dealers at such price less a concession of not more than 4.25% of the principal
amount per note. After the initial public offering, the price to public and
concessions to dealers may be changed by the underwriters.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable by the
underwriters from time to time within 45 days after the date of this prospectus,
to purchase up to an additional $1,800,000 of notes at the price to public, less
the underwriting discounts and commissions shown on the cover page of this
prospectus. This option may be exercised in whole or in part, but only for the
purpose of covering any over-allotments in the sale of the $12,000,000 in notes
offered hereby. To the extent that the underwriters exercise the option, each
underwriter will be obligated to purchase its pro rata share of the additional
principal amount of the notes based on the underwriter's percentage underwriting
commitment in the offering, which is indicated in the preceding table.
In order to facilitate the offering of the notes, the underwriters may
engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of
the notes of the underwriters. Specifically, the underwriters may over-allot the
notes in connection with the offering, creating a short position in the notes
for the account. In addition, to cover over-allotments or to stabilize the price
of the notes, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, notes in the open
market. The underwriters may also reclaim selling concessions allowed to a
dealer for distributing notes in the offering, if the underwriters repurchase
previously distributed notes in transactions to cover its short positions, in
stabilization transactions or otherwise. Finally, the underwriters may bid for,
and purchase, notes in market making transactions and impose penalty bids. These
activities may stabilize or maintain the market price of the notes above the
market level that may otherwise prevail. The underwriters are not required to
engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time. Any
such activities will be undertaken in accordance with Regulation M under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, if at all.
-72-
<PAGE> 78
In general, purchases of a security for the purpose of stabilization or
to reduce a short position could cause the price of the security to be higher
than it might be in the absence of such purchases. Neither we nor the
underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or
magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above might have on the
price of the notes. In addition, neither we nor the underwriters make any
representations that the underwriters will engage in such transactions or that
such transactions, once commenced, will not be discounted without notice.
Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for the notes.
We do not intend to list the notes on any securities exchange or include them
for quotation on the Nasdaq system. The underwriters have advised us that they
intend initially to make a market in the notes, but the underwriters are not
obligated to do so and may discontinue market making at any time without notice.
The following table summarizes the compensation we will pay the
underwriters:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Assuming no Assuming full
exercise of exercise of
Form of Compensation over-allotment option over-allotment option
- -------------------- --------------------- ---------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Total underwriting discounts and commissions $1,020,000 $1,173,000
Reimbursement of underwriters' expenses 35,000 37,000
---------- ----------
$1,055,000 $1,210,000
</TABLE>
We estimate that the total expenses of the offering, excluding the
underwriting discounts, commissions and expenses set forth on the table above
will be approximately $400,000. The following table itemizes all of the expenses
we expect to incur in connection with this offering other than the underwriting
discounts, commissions and expenses set forth above. All expenses, other than
the SEC and NASD fees, set forth below are estimates only.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee ................ $ 6,072
NASD filing fee .................................................... 2,800
Accounting fees and expenses ....................................... 70,000
Blue Sky fees and expenses ......................................... 1,000
Legal fees and expenses ............................................ 165,000
Printing expenses .................................................. 40,000
Trustee's fees and expenses ........................................ 15,000
Underwriters' counsel fees and expenses ............................ 75,000
Miscellaneous ...................................................... 25,128
--------
TOTAL ...................................................... $400,000
========
</TABLE>
The foregoing is a summary of the material provisions of the
underwriting agreement. The underwriting agreement has been filed as an exhibit
to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the notes will be passed upon
for us by Andrews & Kurth L.L.P., Dallas, Texas, and for the underwriters by
Leonard, Street and Deinard Professional Association.
EXPERTS
The financial statements as of December 31, 1998 and 1999 and for each
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 included in this
Prospectus have been included in reliance on the report of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of
said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
-73-
<PAGE> 79
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a
registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the
notes offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the
information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and
schedules thereto, certain parts of which are omitted as permitted by the rules
and regulations of the Commission. For further information with respect to us
and the notes offered in this prospectus, reference is made to the registration
statement and the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. Although all material
terms and provisions of any material contract or other document filed are
referred to in this prospectus and described herein, these descriptions are not
necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of the
contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement,
each such statement being qualified in all respects by the reference.
We are subject to the periodic reporting and other informational
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, pursuant to
Section 15(d) thereof and, in accordance therewith, file reports, proxy
statements and other information with the Commission. For further information
with respect to us, reference is hereby made to such reports and other
information which, together with the registration statement and the exhibits and
schedules thereto, can be inspected, without charge, at the public reference
facilities maintained by the Commission at the Public Reference Room of the
Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the
Commission's regional offices at 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago,
Illinois 60661, and 7 World Trade Center, Suite 1500, New York, New York 10048.
Copies of all or any part of the registration statement can also be obtained
from the Public Reference Room of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. You may obtain information on the
operation of the Commission's Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at
1-800-SEC-0330. The Commission also maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov,
that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information
that has been or will be filed by us.
Our website address is http://www.onyxco.com. The information included
in our website is not made a part of this prospectus.
-74-
<PAGE> 80
GLOSSARY
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES -- Securities that are backed by financial assets, such
as automobile contracts and loans.
AUTO FINANCE CENTERS -- Regional offices we establish to purchase contracts and
to market to and support relationships with motor vehicle dealerships.
BUY RATE -- An interest rate we quote to dealers at which we will purchase
contracts. The buy rate is equal to the positive difference between the annual
percentage rate borne by the contract and the annual percentage rate equivalent
of the dealer participation we pay.
CONTRACT -- Retail installment sales contract and installment loan agreements
secured by new or used automobiles, light-duty trucks or vans.
CREDIT ENHANCEMENT -- Credit enhancement refers to a mechanism that is intended
to protect the holders of the asset backed securities against losses due to
defaults by the obligors under the contracts.
DEALER PARTICIPATION -- The amount we pay to the dealership to purchase a
contract above the principal amount financed. The dealer participation is based
upon the finance charge that would be paid on the contract if it earned interest
at a rate equal to the positive difference between the contract rate and our
published buy rate. Depending on the option selected by the dealership, we may
pay all or a portion of the dealer participation in advance at the time we
acquire the contract.
EXCESS SERVICING INCOME -- The future servicing cash flows less the amortization
of the excess servicing receivable.
EXCESS SERVICING RECEIVABLE -- The present value of future servicing cash flows
to be distributed to us as determined in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 65 ("SFAS 65"). To determine excess servicing
receivable, the future servicing cash flows are first estimated using an assumed
rate of prepayment that is intended to be conservative relative to historical
experience and then discounted at an interest rate commensurate with the risk
associated with this type of investment. Excess servicing receivable is then
reduced by a credit loss provision based upon historical experience and deemed
adequate to cover net losses over the life of the trust. The loss provision is
calculated using a discount rate commensurate with a risk-free investment of
similar maturity in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Announcement
92-2. Excess servicing receivable is subsequently amortized against servicing
income on level-yield basis. Periodically we review the assumptions utilized in
determining excess servicing receivable. If the present value of future
servicing cash flows proves to be insufficient to recover the capitalized
amount, we would make a charge to servicing income in accordance with SFAS 65.
To date we have not recorded any such charges.
FUTURE SERVICING CASH FLOWS -- The difference between the cash collected from
contracts in a securitization trust in any period, and the sum of (i) principal
and interest paid in respect of such period on the asset backed securities
issued to investors in the securitized pool of such contracts, (ii) a servicing
fee at the rate of one percent per annum and (iii) other expenses of the trust.
GAIN ON SALE OF CONTRACTS -- The gain on sale of contracts is equal to the
excess servicing receivable less (i) the difference between the aggregate
principal balance of the contracts sold and the proceeds from the
securitization; (ii) prepaid dealer participation; and (iii) net hedging gains
or losses. The excess servicing receivable represents the estimated present
value of future servicing cash flows earned on each trust. The securitizations
are usually sold at or close to the principal balance of the contracts included
therein. The costs of securitization consist of issuance expenses including
surety bond premiums and the securitization underwriter's discounts.
NET INTEREST INCOME -- The difference between the revenue we earn on contracts
held on our balance sheet prior to securitization and the interest costs
associated with our borrowings to finance the warehousing of such contracts.
-75-
<PAGE> 81
POOLING -- The accumulation of a group of contracts to create a package of
receivables for sale through a trust to investors in a securitization.
PRE-FUNDING STRUCTURE -- A way of structuring securitizations involving a
pre-funding account into which a portion of the proceeds received by the trust
upon issuance of the asset-backed securities are deposited and used to purchase
contracts during a set period after the initial closing of the securitization.
SECURITIZATION OR SECURITIZED -- The process through which contracts and other
receivables are pooled and sold to a trust which issues certificates
representing interests in the trust to investors.
SERVICING PORTFOLIO -- All of the contracts that we own and that we have sold in
securitizations and continue to service.
SPREAD ACCOUNT -- An account required by the credit enhancer of a securitization
trust in order to protect the credit enhancer against credit losses. Generally,
excess interest received by the securitization trust from the pool of contracts
is credited to the account and retained until the account balance reaches a
particular maximum balance. If the maximum balance set forth under the terms of
a particular securitization is attained, the future servicing cash flows and any
surplus in the spread account are returned to us or our lenders, as the case may
be. The maximum balance in a particular securitization may increase or decrease
over time, and may never be attained in any particular securitization. Any
remaining spread account balance is released to us or our lenders, as the case
may be, upon termination of the securitization.
WAREHOUSING -- A method in which contracts are financed by financial
institutions on a short-term basis. In a warehousing arrangement, loans are
accumulated or pooled on a daily or less frequent basis and assigned or pledged
as collateral for short-term borrowings until they are sold in a securitization.
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<PAGE> 82
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Accountants........................... F-2
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of
December 31, 1999 and 1998................................ F-3
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended
December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.......................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the
years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.............. F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997.......................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-7
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 83
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Onyx Acceptance Corporation
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statements of financial
condition and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders'
equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Onyx Acceptance Corporation and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as
of December 31, 1999 and 1998, and the results of their operations and their
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999, in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management;
our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with
auditing standards generally accepted in the United States, which require that
we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for the opinion expressed above.
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
Costa Mesa, California
January 26, 2000
F-2
<PAGE> 84
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1999 1998
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents................................... $ 5,190,271 $ 1,928,991
Contracts held for sale (net of allowance).................. 229,991,667 152,760,781
Credit enhancement assets , at fair value................... 142,883,970 112,953,193
Furniture and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation)... 6,641,918 4,734,857
Other assets................................................ 9,127,284 3,043,902
------------ ------------
Total Assets...................................... $393,835,110 $275,421,724
============ ============
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable............................................ $ 21,066,849 $ 10,959,913
Warehouse borrowings........................................ 232,287,908 150,044,464
Excess servicing credit and residual lines.................. 55,879,341 49,555,597
Subordinated debt........................................... 10,000,000 10,000,000
Capital lease obligations................................... 348,058 696,995
Accrued interest payable.................................... 1,467,495 790,055
Other liabilities........................................... 19,677,435 9,550,979
------------ ------------
Total Liabilities................................. 340,727,086 231,598,003
Commitments and Contingencies
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock
Par value $0.01 per share; authorized 15,000,000 shares;
issued and outstanding 6,177,804 as of December 31,
1999 and issued and outstanding 6,171,034 shares as of
December 31, 1998...................................... 61,778 61,710
Additional paid in capital................................ 37,892,071 37,839,151
Retained earnings......................................... 15,714,771 5,922,860
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax............ (560,596) --
------------ ------------
Total Equity........................................... 53,108,024 43,823,721
------------ ------------
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity........ $393,835,110 $275,421,724
============ ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 85
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES:
Finance income.................................... $22,303,838 $20,753,734 $11,866,957
Investment income................................. 2,129,528 1,194,477 431,373
----------- ----------- -----------
INTEREST INCOME -- TOTAL............................ 24,433,366 21,948,211 12,298,330
Interest expense.................................. 18,287,107 14,636,534 7,261,645
----------- ----------- -----------
NET INTEREST INCOME................................. 6,146,259 7,311,677 5,036,685
Servicing fee income.............................. 28,877,019 16,663,450 9,189,108
Gain on sale of contracts......................... 53,919,657 36,417,216 19,586,291
----------- ----------- -----------
TOTAL REVENUES...................................... 88,942,935 60,392,343 33,812,084
----------- ----------- -----------
EXPENSES:
Provision for credit losses....................... 1,246,074 1,579,831 785,445
Salaries and benefits............................. 40,034,851 26,754,000 17,424,729
Occupancy......................................... 3,297,431 1,823,290 1,478,349
Depreciation...................................... 3,482,202 2,105,743 1,194,186
General and administrative expenses............... 24,144,418 17,743,525 10,643,087
----------- ----------- -----------
TOTAL EXPENSES...................................... 72,204,976 50,006,389 31,525,796
----------- ----------- -----------
NET INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES...................... 16,737,959 10,385,954 2,286,288
Income taxes...................................... 6,946,048 4,310,170 984,017
----------- ----------- -----------
NET INCOME.......................................... $ 9,791,911 $ 6,075,784 $ 1,302,271
=========== =========== ===========
NET INCOME PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK
Basic............................................. $ 1.59 $ 0.99 $ 0.22
Diluted........................................... $ 1.50 $ 0.95 $ 0.21
=========== =========== ===========
Basic shares outstanding............................ 6,173,922 6,112,370 6,000,431
=========== =========== ===========
Diluted shares outstanding.......................... 6,514,477 6,424,959 6,294,071
=========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 86
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ACCUMULATED
COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL RETAINED COMPREHENSIVE TOTAL
------------------- PAID IN EARNINGS LOSS, NET OF STOCKHOLDERS'
SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL (DEFICIT) TAX EQUITY
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1996...... 5,904,768 $59,048 $37,753,725 $(1,455,195) $36,357,578
Issuance of Common Stock.......... 112,867 1,128 56,433 57,561
Net Income........................ 1,302,271 1,302,271
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- --------- -----------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1997...... 6,017,635 60,176 37,810,158 (152,924) 37,717,410
Issuance of Common Stock.......... 153,399 1,534 28,993 30,527
Net Income........................ 6,075,784 6,075,784
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- --------- -----------
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1998...... 6,171,034 61,710 37,839,151 5,922,860 43,823,721
Issuance of Common Stock.......... 6,770 68 52,920 52,988
Comprehensive income:
Unrealized losses in credit
enhancement assets, net of tax
of $391,545................... $(560,596) (560,596)
Net Income........................ 9,791,911 9,791,911
----------- --------- -----------
Total Comprehensive Income........ 9,791,911 $(560,596) 9,231,315
--------- ------- ----------- ----------- --------- -----------
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1999........ 6,177,804 $61,778 $37,892,071 $15,714,771 $(560,596) $53,108,024
========= ======= =========== =========== ========= ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 87
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
--------------- --------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Income........................................ $ 9,791,911 $ 6,075,784 $ 1,302,271
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash
used in operating activities:
Amortization of retained interest in
securitized assets........................ 72,703,567 35,749,891 10,775,171
Write-off of unamortized participation on
securitized loans......................... 41,693,823 27,467,086 15,523,390
Provision for credit losses.................. 1,246,074 1,579,831 785,446
Depreciation and amortization................ 3,482,202 2,105,743 1,194,186
Decrease (increase) in trust receivable...... (2,000,000) 3,665,300 (3,763,661)
Increase in retained interest in securitized
assets.................................... (101,586,485) (80,632,733) (41,603,001)
(Increase) decrease in other assets.......... (6,083,382) (1,118,928) 521,949
Increase in accounts payable................. 10,106,936 4,395,467 4,896,659
Increase in accrued interest payable......... 677,440 487,817 229,077
Increase in other liabilities................ 9,837,822 4,057,894 3,245,629
Proceeds from the securitization of contracts
held for sale............................. 1,450,000,000 926,759,606 527,276,091
Purchase of contracts held for sale.......... (1,559,003,536) (1,038,534,757) (605,905,410)
Repurchase of trust contracts................ (6,367,145) (12,387,783) --
Principal payments received on contracts held
for sale.................................. 41,201,966 39,182,459 26,957,179
Payments of participation to dealers (net of
chargeback collections and amortized
expense).................................. (46,002,066) (32,484,915) (16,416,931)
--------------- --------------- -------------
Cash used in operating activities................... (80,300,873) (113,632,238) (74,981,955)
--------------- --------------- -------------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of furniture and equipment............... (5,389,265) (3,835,335) (1,824,853)
--------------- --------------- -------------
Cash used in investing activities................... (5,389,265) (3,835,335) (1,824,853)
--------------- --------------- -------------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Payments on capital leases........................ (348,937) (468,060) (425,189)
Proceeds from warehouse line...................... 1,371,842,851 985,997,562 538,897,511
Payments on warehouse line........................ (1,289,599,407) (896,459,000) (488,500,000)
Proceeds from drawdown on excess service
borrowings..................................... 39,257,170 32,000,000 27,500,000
Payments to paydown excess service credit
borrowings..................................... (32,933,427) (12,444,403) --
Proceeds from subordinated debt................... 10,000,000 --
Proceeds from exercise of options/warrants........ 52,988 30,527 57,561
Proceeds from other loans......................... 1,013,323 -- --
Payments on other loans........................... (333,143) (251,072) (335,093)
--------------- --------------- -------------
Cash provided by financing activities............... 88,951,418 118,405,554 77,194,790
--------------- --------------- -------------
Increase in cash and cash equivalents............... 3,261,280 937,981 387,982
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period.... 1,928,991 991,010 603,028
--------------- --------------- -------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.......... $ 5,190,271 $ 1,928,991 $ 991,010
=============== =============== =============
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Noncash activities:
Additions to capital leases.................... $ -- $ 162,744 $ 884,654
Cash paid:
Interest....................................... $ 17,609,667 $ 14,148,717 $ 7,032,567
Income taxes................................... $ 1,198,090 $ 130,020 $ 541,890
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 88
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Onyx Acceptance Corporation ("Onyx") was incorporated on August 17, 1993,
and commenced operations in February 1994. Onyx and its wholly owned special
purpose finance subsidiaries Onyx Acceptance Financial Corporation ("OAFC"),
Onyx Acceptance Funding Corporation ("OFC") and Onyx Acceptance Receivables
Corporation ("OARC") (collectively, the "Company") specialize in the purchase,
origination, sale and servicing of retail automobile installment loans ("Loans"
or "Contracts") originated by automobile dealers. The Company provides an
independent source to automobile dealers to finance their customers' purchases
of new and used vehicles. The Company attempts to meet the needs of dealers
through consistent buying practices, competitive rates, a dedicated customer
service staff, fast turnaround time and systems designed to expedite the
processing of loan applications.
NOTE 2 -- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial
statements include the accounts of Onyx, OAFC, OFC and OARC. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all significant
investments with maturity at acquisition of three months or less to be cash
equivalents.
Contracts Held for Sale: Contracts held for sale are stated at the lower of
aggregate amortized cost or net realizable value, net of allowance for credit
losses.
The Company defers certain Contract origination fees and participation paid
to dealers. The net amount is amortized as an adjustment to the related
Contract's yield, on the same basis as that used to record income on the
Contracts, over the contractual life of the related Contracts. At the time of
sale or securitization, any remaining amounts are included as part of the
computation of the gain on sale of Contracts.
The current policy of the Company is to recognize losses on repossessed
vehicles in the month in which the vehicle is sold or in which the scheduled
payment becomes 120 days delinquent, whichever occurs first. Losses may occur in
connection with delinquent Contracts for which the vehicle was not repossessed,
either because of a discharge of the obligor's indebtedness in a bankruptcy
proceeding or due to the Company's inability to locate the financed vehicle or
the obligor. In these cases, losses are recognized at the time a Contract is
deemed uncollectable or during the month a scheduled payment under the Contract
becomes 150 days past due, whichever occurs first.
Allowance for Credit Losses: The allowance for credit losses is maintained
at a level believed adequate by management to absorb potential losses in the
Contracts held for sale. The provision rate is established by management using
the following criteria: past loss experience, current economic conditions,
volume, growth and other relevant factors, and is re-evaluated on a quarterly
basis. The allowance is increased by provisions for Contract losses charged
against income. All recoveries on finance receivables previously charged off are
credited to the allowance, while charge-off's of finance receivables are
deducted from the allowance.
Sales of Contracts: The Company purchases Contracts to be sold to investors
with servicing rights retained by the Company. The Company sells a majority of
its Contracts and does not retain any residual interest in securitized or sold
Contracts. Contracts are sold at or near par value with the Company retaining a
participation in the future cash flows released by Trusts in Contracts
securitized but on cash sales no participation is retained in the future cash
flows. As of December 31, 1999 the Company was servicing all the Contracts sold
to the Trusts. As of December 31, 1999 and 1998, 39% and 54% respectively, of
the sold portfolio was originated in California.
Furniture and Equipment: Furniture and equipment are stated at cost less
accumulated depreciation, and are depreciated for financial reporting purposes
on a straight-line basis over a three year estimated life.
F-7
<PAGE> 89
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Capitalized leased assets are amortized over the lease term. Leasehold
improvements are amortized over a period not exceeding the term of the lease.
Interest and Fee Income: Interest and fee income on Contracts held for sale
is determined on a monthly basis using either the simple interest (level yield)
method or the sum-of-the-months digits method, which approximates the effective
yield method.
Income Taxes: The Company utilizes Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," which requires the recognition
of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences
of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns.
Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on
the difference between the financial statements and the tax basis of assets and
liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the
differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established, when
necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The provision for income taxes represents the tax payable for the period and the
change during the year in deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company files
consolidated federal and state tax returns.
Net Income Per Share: Net income per share are presented in a dual format,
computed both including and excluding the impact of potential common stock.
Derivative Financial Instruments: The Company employs hedging strategies to
manage its gross interest rate risk. The hedging strategies include the use of
forward swap agreements to manage the interest rate on securitization of the
Contracts held for sale.
The forward swap agreements are entered into by the Company in numbers and
amounts which correspond to the anticipated principal amount of future
securitization transactions. The market value of these forward agreements
responds inversely to the market value change of the underlying Contracts.
Because of this inverse relationship, the Company can effectively lock in its
gross interest rate spread at the time the hedge transaction is entered into.
Unrealized gains and losses relative to these agreements are deferred and
recognized in full at the time of securitization as an adjustment to the gain on
sale of contracts. The Company is not required to maintain any collateral with
respect to its hedging strategies, until the point where the fair value declines
below ($1.0) million. The Company only uses highly rated counterparties. Credit
exposure is limited to those transactions with a positive fair value.
Pervasiveness of Estimates: The preparation of the consolidated financial
statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at
the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from those estimates.
Stock-based Compensation: Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
123, "Accounting for Stock Based Compensation" ("SFAS No. 123"), encourages, but
does not require companies to recognize compensation expense associated with
stock based compensation plans over the anticipated service period based on the
fair value of the award on the date of grant. As allowed by SFAS 123, however,
the Company has elected to continue to measure compensation costs as prescribed
by APB Opinion No. 25 "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." See footnote
12 for Pro Forma disclosures of net income and net income per share, as if SFAS
123 had been adopted.
Comprehensive Income: The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" ("SFAS 130"), effective
January 1, 1998. SFAS 130 establishes standards for reporting comprehensive
income and its components in a full set of financial statements. The standard
requires that all items that are required to be recognized under accounting
standards as components of comprehensive income, including an amount
representing total comprehensive income, be reported in a
F-8
<PAGE> 90
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other
financial statements. Pursuant to SFAS 130, the Company has reported
comprehensive income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of
Stockholders' Equity.
Reclassification: Certain amounts in the prior year consolidated financial
statements have been reclassified to conform to 1999 presentation.
NOTE 3 -- RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS
133"). SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative
contracts, and for hedging activities. The new standard requires that all
derivatives be recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated
statements of financial condition and that those instruments be measured at fair
value. If certain conditions are met, a derivative may be specifically
designated as a hedging instrument. The accounting for changes in the fair value
of a derivative (that is, unrealized gains and losses) depends on the intended
use of the derivative and the resulting designation. The statement is effective
in the first quarter of year 2001. The Company is presently assessing the effect
of SFAS 133 on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
NOTE 4 -- CONTRACTS HELD FOR SALE
Contracts held for sale consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1999 1998
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Gross Contracts held for sale........................... $235,694,305 $160,386,439
Less unearned interest.................................. 6,219,049 8,434,206
------------ ------------
Contracts held for sale................................. 229,475,256 151,952,233
Allowance for credit losses............................. (1,453,660) (1,052,178)
------------ ------------
228,021,596 150,900,055
Dealer participation.................................... 1,970,071 1,860,726
------------ ------------
Total......................................... $229,991,667 $152,760,781
============ ============
</TABLE>
As of December 31, 1999 and 1998, 25% and 39% of Contracts held for sale
were originated in California, respectively.
At December 31, 1999, contractual maturities of Contracts held for sale
were as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
2000........................................................ $ 369,477
2001........................................................ 2,749,083
2002........................................................ 10,278,621
2003........................................................ 25,296,345
2004 and thereafter......................................... 190,781,730
------------
$229,475,256
============
</TABLE>
F-9
<PAGE> 91
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Changes in the allowance for credit losses were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
----------- ----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at beginning of period............... $ 1,052,178 $ 316,902 $ 61,190
Provision for credit losses.................. 1,246,074 1,579,831 785,446
Charged-off loans............................ (1,160,883) (1,100,158) (620,781)
Recoveries................................... 316,291 255,603 91,047
----------- ----------- ---------
Balance at end of period..................... $ 1,453,660 $ 1,052,178 $ 316,902
=========== =========== =========
</TABLE>
The fair value of Contracts held for sale was $243.9 million and $163.5
million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively.
At December 31, 1999, the Company had entered into four year amortizing
forward swap agreements with a notional face amount outstanding of $150.0
million with maturities matching the average life of the Contracts being hedged.
At December 31, 1999, these agreements had a fair value of $618,000. In
addition, at December 31, 1999, the Company had offsetting swap agreements of
$73.3 million in notional face amount outstanding with a fair value of
($259,600). At December 31, 1998, the Company had similar agreements with a
notional face amount outstanding of $81.0 million with deferred losses of $1.0
million.
Included in the Gain on Sale of Contracts for the year ended December 31,
1999, is a gain of $1.8 million related to hedging activities. Gain on sale of
Contracts for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997 included losses of $4.8
million and $1.3 million respectively, arising from hedging activities.
Contracts serviced by the Company for the benefit of others totaled
approximately $1.9 billion at December 31, 1999 and $1.2 billion at December 31,
1998. These amounts are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial
statements.
NOTE 5 -- CREDIT ENHANCEMENT ASSETS
SFAS 125 requires that following a transfer of financial assets, an entity
is to recognize the assets it controls and the liabilities it has incurred, and
derecognize assets for which control has been surrendered and liabilities that
have been extinguished.
Credit enhancement assets consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1999 1998
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Trust receivable........................................ $ 5,712,501 $ 3,712,501
RISA.................................................... 137,171,469 109,240,692
------------ ------------
Total......................................... $142,883,970 $112,953,193
============ ============
</TABLE>
Retained interest in securitized assets ("RISA") capitalized upon
securitization of Contracts represent the present value of the estimated future
earnings to be received by the Company from the excess spread created in
securitization transactions. Excess spread is calculated by taking the
difference between the coupon rate of the Contracts sold and the weighted
average certificate rate paid to the investors less contractually specified
servicing and guarantor fees and projected credit losses, after giving effect to
estimated prepayments.
Prepayment and credit loss assumptions are utilized to project future
earnings and are based on historical experience. Credit losses are estimated
using cumulative loss frequency and severity estimates by management. All
assumptions are evaluated each quarter and adjusted, if appropriate, to reflect
the actual performance of the contracts.
Future earnings are discounted at a rate management believes to be
representative of market at the time of securitization. The balance of RISA is
amortized against actual excess spread income earned on a monthly
F-10
<PAGE> 92
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
basis over the expected repayment life of the underlying contracts. RISA is
classified in a manner similar to available for sale securities and as such is
marked to market each quarter. Market value changes are calculated by
discounting the remaining projected excess spread using a current market
discount rate. Any changes in the market value of the RISA is reported as a
separate component of shareholders' equity as an unrealized gain or loss, net of
deferred taxes. As of December 31, 1999 the market value of RISA was $1.0
million lower than cost. As of December 31, 1998 the market value of RISA
approximated cost. The Company retains the rights to service all contracts it
securitizes.
The following table presents the balances and activity for RISA:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------
1999 1998
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Beginning Balance....................................... $109,240,692 $ 64,357,850
Additions............................................... 101,586,485 80,632,733
Amortization............................................ (72,703,567) (35,749,891)
Change in unrealized loss on securities available for
sale.................................................. (952,141) 0
------------ ------------
Ending Balance................................ $137,171,469 $109,240,692
============ ============
</TABLE>
In initially valuing the RISA, the Company establishes an off balance sheet
allowance for expected future credit losses. The allowance is based upon
historical experience and management's estimate of future performance regarding
credit losses. The amount is reviewed periodically and adjustments are made if
actual experience or other factors indicate that future performance may differ
from management's prior estimates.
The following table presents the estimated future undiscounted retained
interest earnings to be received from securitizations. Estimated future
undiscounted RISA earnings are calculated by taking the difference between the
coupon rate of the Contracts sold and the weighted average certificate rate paid
to the investors, less the contractually specified servicing fee of 1.0% and
financial insurance fees, after giving effect to estimated prepayments and
assuming no losses. To arrive at the RISA, this amount is reduced by the off
balance sheet allowance established for potential future losses and by
discounting to present value.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------
1999 1998
-------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C>
Estimated net undiscounted RISA earnings............. $ 246,233,703 $ 176,600,869
Off balance sheet allowance for losses............... 83,890,616 51,009,542
Discount to present value............................ 25,171,618 16,350,635
-------------- --------------
Retained interest in securitized assets.............. $ 137,171,469 $ 109,240,692
============== ==============
Outstanding balance of contracts sold through
securitizations.................................... $1,897,241,943 $1,183,157,096
</TABLE>
F-11
<PAGE> 93
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 6 -- FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT
Furniture and equipment consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1999 1998
----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
OWNED:
Office furniture........................................ $ 3,095,882 $ 2,031,561
Computer equipment...................................... 10,485,292 5,869,612
Leasehold improvements.................................. 1,454,053 748,292
----------- -----------
Total........................................... 15,035,227 8,649,465
----------- -----------
CAPITALIZED LEASES:
Computer equipment...................................... 449,500 1,441,073
----------- -----------
Total........................................... 449,500 1,441,073
----------- -----------
Total furniture and equipment............................. 15,484,727 10,090,538
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization........... 8,842,809 5,355,681
----------- -----------
Furniture and equipment, net.............................. $ 6,641,918 $ 4,734,857
=========== ===========
</TABLE>
NOTE 7 -- WAREHOUSE BORROWING
The Company has two commercial paper facilities (the "CP Facilities") with
financial institutions, one with Triple-A One Funding Corporation ("Triple-A")
and the other with The Chase Manhattan Bank ("Chase"). The Chase facility was
entered into in August 1999 and provides $150 million of additional borrowing
capacity. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Chase facility as of
December 31, 1999. The Triple-A facility, which provides borrowing availability
of $375 million, had borrowings outstanding at December 31, 1999 of $232,287,908
and at December 31, 1998 of $150,044,464. Under terms of the agreements the
Company is able to borrow 98% of the principal amount of Contracts purchased.
Borrowings under these facilities become due as the principal payments are
received or the related automobile Contracts are sold. The amount of commercial
paper outstanding under these facilities at any time is collateralized by the
Contracts held for sale. The MBIA facility matures in September 2000 while the
Chase facility matures in August 2000. Both are subject to annual renewals on
each respective anniversary date. The Company is in compliance with certain
ratios and other borrowing covenants under each arrangement. The fair value of
commercial paper was $232.3 million and $150.0 million at December 31, 1999 and
1998 respectively. The commercial paper facilities had an average interest rate
of 6.18% for the year ended December 31, 1999, and 6.47% for the year ended
December 31, 1998.
Additionally, the Company has a repurchase facility with Merrill Lynch (the
"Merrill Line") providing $100 million of borrowing capacity for the purchase or
origination of Contracts. Outstanding debt is collateralized by Contracts held
for sale. As of December 31, 1999 and December 31, 1998, there was no debt
outstanding under this line. This facility was renewed in February 2000 for a
one year term.
NOTE 8 -- EXCESS SERVICING LINES
The Company has three credit lines collateralized by credit enhancement
assets. Total borrowings outstanding under all three lines at December 31, 1999
were $55.9 million and $49.6 million at December 31, 1998.
The Company is party to a collateralized loan ("Excess Servicing Facility")
with a lending group for up to $45 million, which was used for working capital
and other expenditures. The Excess Servicing Facility matured in June 1999. This
line is now in the amortization period and all cash flows from the underlying
securitizations, which are collateral, are being used to repay the outstanding
principal balance. Total
F-12
<PAGE> 94
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
borrowings outstanding under the Excess Servicing Facility were $25.0 million at
December 31, 1999 and $38.5 million at December 31, 1998. The Excess Servicing
Facility had an average interest rate of 8.66% for the year ended December 31,
1999 and 8.76% for 1998. The fair value of the Excess Servicing Facility was
$25.0 million at December 31, 1999 and $38.5 million at December 31, 1998. The
Company is in compliance with certain ratios and other borrowing covenants under
the Excess Servicing Facility.
The Company, through OFC, has two residual Facilities: a $10.0 million
committed facility with MLMCI and a $50.0 million line with Salomon Smith Barney
Realty Corporation ("SBRC") (the "SBRC Line" and together with the facility with
MLMCI, the "Residual Lines"). The Residual Lines are used by the Company to
finance operating requirements. The lines utilize a collateral-based formula
that sets borrowing availability to a percentage of the value of excess cash
flow to be received from certain securitizations. The facility provided by MLMCI
was renewed in February 2000 for a one year term. Each loan under the SBRC Line
matures one year after the date of the loan; the Company expects each loan to be
renewed at term.
Interest paid under each line is tied to the 30 day Libor Rate. The average
interest rates for year ending 1999 were 7.86% for the MLMCI facility and 7.94%
for the SBRC facility compared to 8.19% and 8.06% respectively for the year
ending December 31, 1998. The Residual Lines had a combined fair value of $30.9
million at December 31, 1999, with debt outstanding under the MLMCI line of $9.2
million and debt outstanding under the SBRC line of $21.7 million.
NOTE 9 -- SUBORDINATED DEBT
The Company has a $10.0 million subordinated debt offering. The term of the
subordinated debt is for two years ending February 24, 2000, and bears a fixed
interest rate of 9.5%. In February 2000, the Company exercised its option to
extend the term by three years during which the loan will fully amortize. The
Company also issued to the lender a warrant for Common Stock in the amount of
180,529 shares of the Common Stock of the Company.
NOTE 10 -- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases: The Company leases furniture, fixtures and equipment under capital
leases with terms in excess of one year. The Company leases its office space
under operating leases with options to renew. Certain operating lease agreements
provide for escalations based on contractual provisions.
Future minimum lease payments required under capital leases and
noncancelable operating leases are as follows as of December 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CAPITAL OPERATING
LEASES LEASES
-------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
2000.................................................... $ 210,448 $ 4,555,030
2001.................................................... 120,704 4,435,197
2002.................................................... 102,739 4,222,244
2003.................................................... 15,627 4,098,162
2004 and thereafter..................................... 0 19,949,395
--------- -----------
Total......................................... 449,518 $37,260,028
===========
Less amounts representing interest...................... (101,460)
---------
Present value of net minimum lease payments............. $ 348,058
=========
</TABLE>
Rental expenses for premises and equipment amounted to approximately $3.1
million, $1.7 million and $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 1999,
1998, and 1997 respectively.
F-13
<PAGE> 95
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 11 -- LITIGATION
As a consumer finance company, the Company is subject to various consumer
claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties based upon, among
other things, disclosure inaccuracies and wrongful repossession, which could
take the form of a plaintiff's class action complaint. The Company, as the
assignee of finance contracts originated by dealers, may also be named as a
co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against dealers. The
damages and penalties claimed by consumers in these types of matters can be
substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiff's varies but includes
requests for compensatory, statutory and punitive damages. The Company is a
defendant in three consumer class actions, one of which was served in 2000. One
such proceeding served in 1999, in which the Company is a defendant, has been
brought as a putative class action and is pending in the State of California. A
class has yet to be certified in this case in which the plaintiffs allege
certain defects in post-repossession notice forms in the State of California.
Another proceeding also served in 1999, in which the Company is a defendant, has
been brought as a putative class action and also is pending in the State of
California. A class was certified in 2000; in the matter, the plaintiffs raise
issues regarding the payment of dealer participation dealers.
Management believes that the Company has taken prudent steps to address the
litigation risks associated with the Company's business activities. However,
there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully defend
against all such claims or that the determination of any such claim in a manner
adverse to the Company would not have a material adverse effect on the Company's
automobile finance business.
On January 25, 2000, a putative class action complaint was filed against
the Company and certain of the Company's officers and directors alleging
violations of Section 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934
arising from the Company's use of the cash-in method of measuring and accounting
for credit enhancement assets in the financial statements. The Company believes
that its previous use of the cash-in method of measuring and accounting for
credit enhancement assets was consistent with then current generally accepted
accounting principles and accounting practices of other finance companies. As
required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board's Special Report, "A Guide
to Implementation of Statement 125 on Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of
Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities, Second Edition," dated
December 1998 and related statements made by the staff of the Commission, the
Company retroactively changed the method of measuring and accounting for credit
enhancement assets to the cash-out method and restated the Company's financial
statements for 1996, 1997 and the first three fiscal quarters of 1998. The
Company intends to vigorously defend against the complaint.
In the opinion of management, the resolution of the proceedings described
in this section will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's
consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
NOTE 12 -- STOCK OPTIONS
As of December 31, 1999, the Company has reserved 1,539,624 shares for
future issuance to certain employees under its stock option plans. The options
may be exercised at prices ranging from $0.51 per share to $11.50 per share at
any time, in whole or part, within ten years after the date of grant. Reserved,
unoptioned shares totaled 249,488 at December 31, 1999, 240,566 at December 31,
1998, and 185,176 at December 31, 1997.
F-14
<PAGE> 96
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plan as of December
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, and changes during the years ending on those dates is
presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
OPTIONS SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
------- ---------- -------- ---------- -------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at beginning
of year................. 1,120,697 $5.59 802,200 $7.51 597,480 $6.10
Granted................... 256,325 6.11 1,296,878 6.32 402,700 7.89
Exercised................. (6,770) 7.83 (38,118) 0.80 (112,867) 0.51
Forfeited................. (80,116) 6.01 (940,263) 8.39 (85,113) 8.66
---------- ----- ---------- ----- --------- -----
Outstanding at end of
year.................... 1,290,136 $5.66 1,120,697 $5.59 802,200 $7.51
========== ===== ========== ===== ========= =====
Options exercisable at
year end................ 774,506 502,624 321,564
========== ========== =========
Weighted-average fair
value of options granted
during the year......... $ 6.11 $ 6.32 $ 7.89
========== ========== =========
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
at December 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING ------------------------------
------------------------------------------------- NUMBER
NUMBER WEIGHTED-AVERAGE EXERCISABLE
RANGE OF OUTSTANDING REMAINING WEIGHTED-AVERAGE AT WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
EXERCISE PRICES AT 12/31/99 CONTRACTUAL LIFE EXERCISE PRICE 12/31/99 EXERCISE PRICE
- --------------- ----------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0.51 114,399 4.26 years $ .51 114,399 $ .51
$ 5.50 - 5.81 1,037,199 7.66 5.74 558,687 5.75
$ 6.75 - 8.00 56,380 8.39 7.45 31,046 7.41
$ 8.50 - 9.13 10,700 9.09 8.85 1,000 8.50
$10.29 - 11.50 71,458 7.36 10.94 69,374 10.96
--------- ---------- ------ ------- ------
$ 0.51 - 11.50 1,290,136 7.39 $ 5.66 774,506 $ 5.51
========= ========== ====== ======= ======
</TABLE>
Substantially all of the options granted by the Company vest over a four
year period, 25% after one year and the remaining 75% ratably over the following
36 month period. All of the options are granted at the closing price on the date
of the grant.
SFAS 123 provides for companies to recognize compensation expense
associated with stock based compensation plans over the anticipated service
period based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. However, SFAS
123 allows companies to continue to measure compensation costs prescribed by APB
Opinion No. 25 "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"). Companies
electing to continue accounting for stock based compensation plans under APB 25
must make pro forma disclosures of net income and net income per share, as if
SFAS 123 had been adopted. The company has continued to account for stock-based
compensation plans under APB 25. The fair value of the options was estimated at
date of grant using a Black-Scholes single option pricing model using the
following assumptions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------------
1999 1998 1997
---------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Risk free interest rate.......................... 5.6% 5.1% 5.5%
Expected stock price volatility.................. 76.0% 63.9% 52.0%
Expected life of options......................... four years four years four years
Expected dividends............................... none none none
</TABLE>
F-15
<PAGE> 97
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following table presents the pro forma disclosures required for SFAS
123 for the years ended December 31:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
------ ------ -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Pro forma net income (in thousands)......................... $7,831 $5,322 $ 895
Pro forma net income per share-basic........................ $ 1.27 $ 0.87 $0.15
Pro forma net income per share-diluted...................... $ 1.23 $ 0.83 $0.14
</TABLE>
NOTE 13 -- EMPLOYEE 401K DEFERRED SAVINGS PLAN
The Company has established a salary deferral savings program pursuant to
IRS Code Section 401(k) (the "401(k) Plan") for qualified employees. Under this
plan, employees may contribute a percentage of their pre-tax earnings to the
401(k) Plan. Effective July 1, 1998, the Company amended the 401(k) Plan to
permit matching Company contributions. Employee contributions up to the lesser
of $10,000 or 6% of pre-tax earnings made after one year of service are matched
by a Company contribution equal to 50% of the employee's contribution. Matching
contributions are made in the Company's common stock and begin vesting 20% per
year following the completion of three years of service. Company expense related
to the 401(k) Plan totaled $176,589 in 1999 and $87,000 in 1998.
NOTE 14 -- SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock: The Company has 3 million shares of preferred stock
authorized of which 200,000 shares have been designated Series A participating
Preferred Stock.
In July 1997, the Company's Board of Directors adopted a Stockholder Rights
Plan ("Plan") in which preferred stock purchase rights were distributed as a
dividend at the rate of one preferred share purchase right (a "Right") for each
outstanding share of common stock held by stockholders of record on July 21,
1997. The Rights are designed to guard against partial tender offers and other
abusive tactics that might be used in an attempt to gain control of the Company
or to deprive stockholders of their interest in the long-term value of the
Company. The Rights will be exercisable only if a person or group acquires 15%
or more of the Company's common stock (subject to certain exceptions stated in
the Plan) or announces a tender offer, the consummation of which would result in
ownership by a person or group of 15% or more of the Company's common stock. The
Rights will expire on July 20, 2007.
Dividends: The Company does not intend to declare dividends in the
foreseeable future. The Company's ability to pay or declare dividends is
restricted by the terms of its current credit facilities.
NOTE 15 -- INCOME TAXES
The following table presents the current and deferred provision for federal
and state income taxes for the years ended December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
---------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current:
Federal....................................... $2,318,566 $ 698,132 $252,897
State......................................... 1,227,606 17,744 69,332
---------- ---------- --------
Total................................. 3,546,172 715,876 322,229
---------- ---------- --------
Deferred:
Federal....................................... 3,266,896 3,070,600 460,648
State......................................... 132,980 523,694 201,140
---------- ---------- --------
Total................................. 3,399,876 3,594,294 661,788
---------- ---------- --------
Combined Total........................ $6,946,048 $4,310,170 $984,017
========== ========== ========
</TABLE>
F-16
<PAGE> 98
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount that would result
from applying the federal statutory rate as follows for the years ended December
31, 1999, 1998 and 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998 1997
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Statutory regular federal income tax rate (benefit)......... 34% 34% 34%
State taxes (net of federal benefit)........................ 6 7 8
Other....................................................... 1 0 1
-- -- --
41% 41% 43%
== == ==
</TABLE>
The components of the deferred income tax asset or (liability) as of
December 31, 1999 and 1998 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998
------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Property and equipment.................................. $ 1,275,232 $ 855,656
Unrealized loss in credit enhancement assets............ (391,545) --
Accrued liabilities..................................... 1,939,275 408,438
Capitalized costs....................................... (904,538) (675,204)
Allowance for credit losses............................. 610,490 441,880
Gain on sale of Contracts............................... (11,726,155) (20,164,719)
Net operating losses.................................... -- 14,055,868
Credit carryover........................................ 18,211 18,211
State taxes............................................. 853,155 525,415
------------ ------------
$ (8,325,875) $ (4,534,455)
============ ============
</TABLE>
NOTE 16 -- WARRANTS
At December 31, 1999, the Company had the following warrants outstanding to
purchase shares of common stock:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BALANCE NET BALANCE NET BALANCE
OUTSTANDING REDUCTIONS OUTSTANDING REDUCTIONS OUTSTANDING
AT TO AT TO AT
EXERCISE DECEMBER 31, OUTSTANDING DECEMBER 31, OUTSTANDING DECEMBER 31,
PRICE 1997 WARRANTS 1998 WARRANTS 1999
-------- ------------ ----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Warrants............. $ 0.03 116,922 115,286 1,636 0 1,636
Warrants............. $ 0.51 84,311 0 84,311 0 84,311
Warrants............. $11.50 16,332 0 16,332 0 16,332
Warrants............. $17.15 3,791 0 3,791 0 3,791
Warrants............. $ 8.88 0 0 180,529 0 180,529
------- ------- ------- --- -------
Total...... 221,356 115,286 286,599 0 286,599
======= ======= ======= === =======
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1999, all the Company's warrants outstanding to purchase
shares of common stock were exercisable.
No warrants were exercised during 1999.
F-17
<PAGE> 99
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 17 -- NET INCOME PER SHARE
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, the
following is an illustration of the dilutive effect of the Company's potential
common stock on net income per share.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------
1999 1998 1997
------ ------ ------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT NET
INCOME PER SHARE)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income............................................... $9,792 $6,076 $1,302
------ ------ ------
Weighted average shares outstanding...................... 6,174 6,112 6,000
Net effect of dilutive stock options/warrants............ 340 313 294
------ ------ ------
Fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding........ 6,514 6,425 6,294
====== ====== ======
Net income per share..................................... $ 1.59 $ 0.99 $ 0.22
====== ====== ======
Net income per share assuming full dilution.............. $ 1.50 $ 0.95 $ 0.21
====== ====== ======
</TABLE>
As of December 31, 1999, 1998 and 1997, 310,384, 473,344, and 645,370 of
combined options and warrants, respectively, were not included in the
calculation of full dilution, as they were antidilutive.
NOTE 18 -- FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The estimated fair value of financial instruments have been determined by
the Company, using available market information and appropriate valuation
methodologies. However, considerable judgement is necessarily required in
interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly,
the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts
that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of
different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material
effect on the estimated fair value amounts.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value
of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate
that value:
Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amount approximates fair value
because of the short maturity of those investments.
Warehouse borrowings, residual and excess service lines: The fair value of
the Company's debt is estimated based upon the quoted market prices for the same
or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the
same remaining maturities and characteristics.
Contracts held for sale: The fair value of Contracts held for sale is based
on the estimated proceeds expected on securitization of the Contracts held for
sale.
Credit enhancement assets: The carrying amount is accounted for at an
estimated fair value which is calculated by discounting the excess spread using
a current market discount rate.
Hedging. The fair value of the Company's outstanding forward agreements are
estimated based on current rates offered to the Company for forward agreements
with similar terms and conditions.
F-18
<PAGE> 100
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The estimated fair values of the Company's financial instruments are as
follows at December 31:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999 1998
------------------- -------------------
CARRYING FAIR CARRYING FAIR
AMOUNT VALUE AMOUNT VALUE
-------- ------- -------- -------
(IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents........................... $ 5.2 $ 5.2 $ 1.9 $ 1.9
Contracts held for sale............................. $ 230.0 $ 243.9 $ 152.8 $ 163.5
Credit enhancement assets........................... $ 142.9 $ 142.9 $ 112.9 $ 112.9
Warehouse borrowings................................ $(232.3) $(232.3) $(150.0) $(150.0)
Excess service and residual lines................... $ (55.9) $ (55.9) $ (49.6) $ (49.6)
Hedging Forward agreements.......................... $ (0.3) $ (0.3) $ (1.2) $ (0.9)
</TABLE>
NOTE 19 -- RELATED PARTIES
The Company has a note receivable from a certain shareholder in the amount
of $175,000. The note bears interest at 6.66% per annum. Principal and accrued
interest are due on December 20, 2000.
NOTE 20 -- QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED
--------------------------------------------------
MARCH 31 JUNE 30 SEPTEMBER 30 DECEMBER 31
-------- ------- ------------ -----------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1999
Interest income.............................. $5,766 $6,723 $7,153 $4,791
Interest expense............................. 4,235 4,331 5,488 4,234
Net interest income.......................... 1,531 2,392 1,665 557
Provision for credit losses.................. 500 249 204 294
Income before income taxes................... 3,714 4,100 4,428 4,496
Income taxes................................. 1,541 1,700 1,838 1,865
Net income................................... 2,173 2,399 2,590 2,630
Net income per common share (Basic).......... $ 0.35 $ 0.39 $ 0.42 $ 0.43
Net income per common share (Diluted)........ $ 0.34 $ 0.37 $ 0.39 $ 0.41
1998
Interest income.............................. $4,481 $5,222 $7,001 $5,245
Interest expense............................. 2,821 3,617 4,214 3,985
Net interest income.......................... 1,660 1,605 2,787 1,260
Provision for credit losses.................. 307 325 598 350
Income before income taxes................... 1,269 1,872 2,996 4,249
Income taxes................................. 527 777 1,243 1,763
Net income................................... 742 1,095 1,753 2,486
Net income per common share (Basic).......... $ 0.12 $ 0.18 $ 0.28 $ 0.40
Net income per common share (Diluted)........ $ 0.12 $ 0.17 $ 0.27 $ 0.39
</TABLE>
NOTE 21 -- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (UNAUDITED)
In the first quarter of 2000, the Company securitized contracts totaling
$430.0 million.
During the first quarter of 2000, the Company securitized the cash flows
from 15 of its outstanding securitizations and sold $49.0 million of notes. The
transaction was rated BBB by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
F-19
<PAGE> 101
[MAP OF THE UNITED STATES SHOWING THE LOCATION OF ONYX'S AUTO FINANCE CENTERS.]
<PAGE> 102
================================================================================
WE HAVE NOT AUTHORIZED ANYONE TO PROVIDE YOU WITH ADDITIONAL OR DIFFERENT
INFORMATION FROM THAT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS
PROSPECTUS NOR THE SALE OF NOTES MEANS THAT INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS IS CORRECT AFTER THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT
AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY THESE NOTES IN ANY
CIRCUMSTANCES UNDER WHICH THE OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS UNLAWFUL.
-------------------------
$12,000,000
[ONYX LOGO]
ONYX ACCEPTANCE CORPORATION
12-1/2% SUBORDINATED NOTES DUE JUNE 15, 2006
------------------------------------
P R O S P E C T U S
------------------------------------
[MILLER & SCHROEDER FINANCIAL, INC.]
PEACOCK, HISLOP, STALEY & GIVEN, INC.
April 12, 2000
================================================================================