D&E COMMUNICATIONS INC
10-Q, 1997-05-13
TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS (NO RADIOTELEPHONE)
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                                  UNITED STATES
                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                             Washington, D.C. 20549


                                    FORM 10-Q
     (Mark One)

              [X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
                     OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
                  For the quarterly period ended March 31, 1997

                                       or

              [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
                     OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
              For the transition period from _________ to _________


                        Commission File Number: 000-20709


                           D & E Communications, Inc.
             (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


                                  PENNSYLVANIA
                         (State or other jurisdiction of
                         incorporation or organization)


                I.R.S. Employer Identification Number: 23-2837108

                            Brossman Business Complex
                              124 East Main Street
                           Ephrata, Pennsylvania 17522
                    (Address of principal executive offices)


                  Registrant's Telephone Number: (717) 733-4101


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
                                                          Yes  |X|  No __

(D & E Communications, Inc. is the successor registrant to Denver and Ephrata
Telephone and Telegraph Company by virtue of a share exchange effective
June 7, 1996.)

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of
common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

                Class                               Outstanding at May 9, 1997
- --------------------------------------              ---------------------------
Common Stock, par value $.16 per share                  6,109,461 Shares



<PAGE>


Form 10-Q

                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                                TABLE OF CONTENTS



Item No.                                                                Page
- --------                                                                ----

                          PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION


1.   Financial Statements

     Consolidated Statements of Income --
       For the three months ended
       March 31, 1997 and 1996 ...........................               1

     Consolidated Balance Sheets --
       March 31, 1997 and December 31, 1996 ...............              2

     Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows --
       For the three months ended
       March 31, 1997 and 1996 ............................              3

     Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ...........            4-6


2.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
     Condition and Results of Operations ..................           7-12


3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure
     about Market Risks ...................................             13


                  PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION


6.   Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K .....................          14-15



     SIGNATURES ...........................................             16





                                        i

<PAGE>


                    D&E Communications, Inc. and Subsidiaries
                        Consolidated Statements Of Income
               For the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1996
                                   (Unaudited)

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>


OPERATING REVENUES                                                                          1997               1996
                                                                                            ----               ----
  <S>                                                                                  <C>               <C>
  Local network services..............................................                 $  2,221,752      $  2,112,045
  Network access services.............................................                    4,094,731         3,916,975
  Long distance network services......................................                    1,055,747         1,109,400
  Directory advertising...............................................                      732,256           730,319
  Sales & services....................................................                    3,168,498         2,614,817
  Other...............................................................                      505,426           408,785
                                                                                       ------------      ------------
     Total operating revenues.........................................                   11,778,410        10,892,341

OPERATING EXPENSES

  Network operations..................................................                    1,285,511         1,534,069
  Network access......................................................                      490,519           492,156
  Depreciation........................................................                    1,886,530         1,781,873
  Customer services...................................................                      417,718           428,931
  Financial and administrative services...............................                    1,434,856         1,184,839
  Directory...........................................................                      502,519           472,912
  Operating taxes, other than income..................................                      386,335           361,062
  Costs of products sold..............................................                    1,587,435         1,203,297
  Other expenses......................................................                    1,593,991         1,235,438
                                                                                       ------------      ------------
     Total operating expenses.........................................                    9,585,414         8,694,577
                                                                                       ------------      ------------
          Operating income............................................                    2,192,996         2,197,764
                                                                                       ------------      ------------

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

  Allowance for funds used during construction........................                       19,950            34,579
  Equity in net income (loss) of affiliates...........................                     (159,758)           71,553
  Interest expense....................................................                     (617,988)         (630,793)
  Other, net..........................................................                       28,247            11,466
                                                                                       ------------      ------------
     Total other income (expense).....................................                     (729,549)         (513,195)
                                                                                       ------------      ------------

          Income before minority interest, income taxes
            and dividends on utility series preferred stock...........                    1,463,447         1,684,569

MINORITY INTEREST.....................................................                       50,407               864
                                                                                       ------------      ------------

          Income before income taxes and dividends
            on utility series preferred stock.........................                    1,513,854         1,685,433

INCOME TAXES AND DIVIDENDS ON
    UTILITY SERIES PREFERRED STOCK....................................

          Income taxes................................................                      607,400           657,412
          Dividends on utility series preferred stock.................                       16,263                 0
                                                                                       ------------      ------------

                Total income taxes and dividends on
                   utility series preferred stock.....................                      623,663           657,412
                                                                                       ------------      ------------

NET INCOME............................................................                      890,191         1,028,021
                                                                                       ============      ============


  Average common shares outstanding...................................                    5,804,482         5,718,996

  Earnings per common share...........................................                       $  .15            $  .18
                                                                                       ============      ============
  Dividends per common share..........................................                       $  .10            $  .10
                                                                                       ============      ============

</TABLE>

                 See notes to consolidated financial statements


                                        1

<PAGE>


                    D&E Communications, Inc. and Subsidiaries
                           Consolidated Balance Sheets

<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                               March 31,
                                                                                                 1997               December 31,
                                     ASSETS                                                   (unaudited)               1996
                                                                                              -----------           ------------
<S>                                                                                         <C>                    <C>
CURRENT ASSETS
     Cash and cash equivalents..................................................                $ 347,166             $ 312,125
     Accounts receivable........................................................                6,695,234             8,454,775
     Accounts receivable and notes receivable - affiliated companies............                1,613,759             1,028,780
     Inventories, lower of cost or market, at average cost .....................                  931,192             1,009,904
     Prepaid expenses...........................................................                2,346,358             2,406,465
     Other current assets.......................................................                  824,831             1,393,336
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
            TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS................................................               12,758,540            14,605,385
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
INVESTMENTS
     Investments in affiliated companies........................................                9,627,228             9,580,320
     Other......................................................................                  327,403               327,403
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
                                                                                                9,954,631             9,907,723
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
     Telephone plant in service.................................................              112,197,960           110,961,586
     Under construction.........................................................                  955,805             1,233,340
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
                                                                                              113,153,765           112,194,926
     Less accumulated depreciation..............................................               49,060,236            47,207,238
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
                                                                                               64,093,529            64,987,688
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
OTHER ASSETS
     Unamortized software costs.................................................                   95,118               126,825
     Accounts receivable-affiliated company.....................................                  104,627               101,342
     PCS license................................................................               21,122,795                     0
     Other......................................................................                1,819,320             1,826,978
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
                                                                                               23,141,860             2,055,145
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
TOTAL ASSETS....................................................................            $ 109,948,560          $ 91,555,941
                                                                                            =============          ============
                      LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

CURRENT LIABILITIES
     Notes payable..............................................................            $   7,318,000          $  7,140,000
     Long-term debt maturing within one year....................................                1,222,453             1,220,158
     Accounts payable...........................................................                4,392,963             6,499,496
     Accounts payable - affiliated companies.....................................                 376,507               196,941
     Accrued taxes..............................................................                1,039,467               493,546
     Accrued interest and dividends.............................................                  862,049               468,780
     Advance billings, customer deposits and other..............................                2,417,397             2,842,432
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
             TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES..........................................               17,628,836            18,861,353
                                                                                            -------------          ------------

LONG-TERM DEBT..................................................................               36,766,767            24,888,193
                                                                                            -------------          ------------

OTHER LIABILITIES
     Deferred income taxes......................................................                6,262,636             6,545,013
     Regulatory liability, net..................................................                  745,958               778,783
     Accrued retirement benefits................................................                1,565,438             1,565,438
     Other......................................................................                   99,353               108,835
                                                                                            -------------          ------------
                                                                                                8,673,385             8,998,069
                                                                                            -------------          ------------

MINORITY INTEREST...............................................................                        0               229,973
                                                                                            -------------          ------------

PREFERRED STOCK OF UTILITY SUBSIDIARY par value $100,
     cumulative, callable at par, at the option of the Company,
     authorized 20,000 shares, outstanding:
          Series A 4 1/2%:  14,456 shares.......................................                1,445,600             1,445,600
                                                                                            -------------          ------------

COMMITMENTS

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
     Common stock, par value $.16, authorized shares 30,000,000.................                  922,676                918,508
       Outstanding shares,       5,766,726 at March 31, 1997
                                 5,740,674 at December 31, 1996
     Common stock issuable for merger,   317,667 shares.........................                7,307,372                      0
     Additional paid-in capital.................................................                2,673,083              2,020,656
     Unearned ESOP compensation.................................................                 (950,740)              (950,740)
     Retained earnings..........................................................               35,481,581             35,144,329
                                                                                            -------------           ------------
                                                                                               45,433,972             37,132,753
                                                                                            -------------           ------------

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY......................................            $ 109,948,560           $ 91,555,941
                                                                                            =============           ============
</TABLE>

                See notes to consolidated financial statements.


                                        2

<PAGE>

                    D&E Communications, Inc. and Subsidiaries
                      Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
               For the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1996
                                   (Unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>

                                                                                                 1997              1996
                                                                                                -----              ----
<S>                                                                                          <C>               <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES                                                

    Net income..................................................................            $  890,191         $ 1,028,021
    Adjustments to reconcile net cash provided by
    operating activities:                                                         
          Depreciation and amortization.........................................             2,037,613           1,896,699
          Deferred income taxes.................................................              (315,202)            (97,385)
          Undistributed (earnings) losses of affiliates.........................               159,758             (71,553)
          Distribution from affiliates..........................................                     0             230,000
          Tax benefits applicable to ESOP.......................................                 4,306               5,419
          Loss on retirement of property, plant and equipment ..................                43,818               1,756
          Allowance for funds used during construction..........................               (19,950)            (34,579)
          Losses applicable to minority interest................................               (50,407)               (864)
    Changes in operating assets and liabilities                                   
          Accounts receivable...................................................               200,501             140,853
          Inventories...........................................................                78,712             (56,383)
          Prepaid expenses......................................................                60,107              71,044
          Accounts payable......................................................            (1,555,491)           (191,198)
          Accrued taxes and accrued interest ...................................               939,190             664,763
          Advance billings, customer deposits and other.........................              (425,035)           (255,702)
          Other, net............................................................              (415,162)           (524,651)
                                                                                            ----------         -----------
                                                                                  
                      Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities.................             1,632,949           2,806,240
                                                                                            ----------         -----------
                                                                                                                        
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES                                                                                    

    Capital expenditures........................................................            (1,129,531)         (1,352,025)
    Allowance for funds used during construction................................                19,950              34,579
    Proceeds from sale of assets................................................                36,091              24,838
    Cost of removal of plant retired............................................               (17,810)            (26,264)
    Acquisition of other assets.................................................              (430,784)           (159,742)
    Increase in investments and advances to affiliates..........................              (876,523)         (1,557,852)
    Decrease in investments and repayments from affiliates................. ....             1,074,393             494,019
                                                                                            ----------         -----------
                                                                                  
                      Net Cash Used In Investing Activities.....................            (1,324,214)         (2,542,447)
                                                                                            ----------         -----------
                                                                                                                        
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES                                                                                    

    Dividends on common stock...................................................              (492,994)           (528,126)
    Net proceeds from (payments on) revolving lines of credit...................               178,000             160,000
    Net contributions from minority interest....................................                     0               1,500
    Proceeds from issuance of common stock......................................                41,300              75,153
                                                                                            ----------         -----------
                                                                                               
                      Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities.......              (273,694)           (291,473)
                                                                                            ----------         -----------
                                                                                               
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH
    AND CASH EQUIVALENTS........................................................                35,041              (27,680)

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS                                                         
    BEGINNING OF YEAR...........................................................               312,125               50,911
                                                                                            ----------         ------------
                                                                                  
    END OF PERIOD...............................................................            $  347,166         $     23,231
                                                                                            ==========         ============

</TABLE>
                See notes to consolidated financial statements.

                                       3


<PAGE>

Form 10-Q


                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

               Item 1. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
                                   (Unaudited)

(1)      BASIS OF PRESENTATION


         D & E Communications, Inc. is a telecommunications holding company
     which became the successor parent company to its telephone operating
     subsidiary, Denver and Ephrata Telephone and Telegraph Company ("Telco")
     through a Restructuring (the "Restructuring") resulting from that certain
     Agreement and Plan of Exchange (the "Plan of Exchange") whereby each
     outstanding Common Share, $0.50 par value of Telco was exchanged (the
     "Share Exchange") for three Common Shares, $0.16 par value of D & E
     Communications, Inc. in June 1996. The accompanying consolidated financial
     statements include the accounts of D & E Communications, Inc. and its
     subsidiary companies("D&E").

         The accompanying financial statements are unaudited and have been
     prepared by D&E pursuant to generally accepted accounting principals and
     the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
     ("SEC"). In the opinion of management, the financial statements include all
     adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to
     present fairly the results of operations, financial position and cash flows
     of D&E for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote
     disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in
     accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been
     condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. The use of
     generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make
     estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
     liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date
     of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and
     expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from
     those estimates. Certain items in the financial statements for the three
     months ended March 31, 1996 have been reclassified for comparative purposes
     and to reflect the three-for-one stock-split effect of the Share Exchange
     effective June 7, 1996. D&E believes that the disclosures made are adequate
     to make the information presented not misleading. It is suggested that
     these financial statements be read in conjunction with the financial
     statements and notes thereto included in the D&E Annual Report on Form 10-K
     for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996.


(2)      NON-CASH FINANCING AND INVESTING ACTIVITIES

         D&E recorded non-cash transactions for shares of common stock issued or
     issuable in connection with two acquisitions. The deferred payment of
     $551,000 for Com Tech Technical Services ("Com Tech") was paid by issuance
     of 21,408 shares of D&E common stock in January 1997. Separately,
     $7,307,000 of the cost for the acquisition of PCS One, Inc.("PCS One") was
     paid by the issuance of 317,667 shares of D&E common stock. D&E also
     assumed a long-term note payable to the Federal Communications Commission
     ("FCC") for $11,879,000 as part of the PCS One acquisition. See Note 3.



                                        4

<PAGE>


Form 10-Q


                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

               Item 1. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
                                   (Unaudited)


(3)      ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES


         D&E is positioning itself to participate in a new generation of
     wireless services known as Personal Communications Services ("PCS"). On
     March 21, 1997 D&E merged with PCS One, the owner of the C-Block broadband
     PCS license to operate in the Lancaster, Pennsylvania market. The merger
     was accounted for as a purchase with no material effect on the consolidated
     net income in the first quarter. D&E recorded a cost of $21,123,000 for the
     PCS license acquired with the PCS One merger. D&E also recorded $7,307,000
     for 316,667 shares of D&E common stock issuable to PCS One shareholders.
     Long-term debt to the FCC of $11,879,000 was assumed and a note payable to
     The D and E Group of $1,559,000 was assumed and eliminated in
     consolidation. D&E dissolved its 80% owned partnership, The D and E Group,
     which held a part interest in PCS One. D&E then formed a subsidiary
     corporation, D & E Investments, Inc. ("Investments") to hold the Lancaster
     C-Block license acquired as part of the merger with PCS One. No goodwill or
     additional contingent payments were recorded as part of the transactions.

(4)      SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

         On April 4, 1997, D&E formed an operating company, D & E Wireless, Inc.
     ("Wireless") to design, construct and operate the PCS network for the
     Lancaster, Harrisburg, and York market areas.


(5)      NOTES PAYABLE AND LONG-TERM DEBT

         As a result of the Restructuring, Telco negotiated amendments,
     effective June 7, 1996, to the financial covenants stipulated in each of
     the following Allstate Life Insurance Company ("Allstate") Senior Note
     Agreements: 9.18% Senior Note due November 15, 2021, 7.55% Senior Note due
     November 15, 2007 and 6.49% Senior Note due January 14, 2004. Prior to the
     Restructuring, the covenants contained in these note agreements were
     calculated based upon consolidated Telco financial data. In connection with
     the restructuring, Telco transferred all the capital stock of its
     subsidiaries to D&E. The amendments changed the limit on accumulated
     distributions and restricted investments from $9,000,000 plus 75% of
     accumulated consolidated net income of Telco, to $5,000,000 plus 75% of
     accumulated net income of Telco. The distributions, restricted investments
     and net income are cumulative since June 30, 1991. These Senior Note
     Agreements of Telco are guaranteed by D&E.

         On February 2, 1995, Telco and the other investors in the Monor
     Communications Group ("MCG") entered into a Project Completion Agreement
     with the Overseas Private Investment Corporation ("OPIC") as a condition to
     OPIC's Finance Agreement with Monor Telephone Company ("MTT").  The Finance

                                        5

<PAGE>


Form 10-Q


                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

               Item 1. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
                                   (Unaudited)


     Agreement provides a credit facility to MTT in an amount up to $30,000,000.
     The Project Completion Agreement provides that Telco will guarantee
     payments to MTT or MCG in an amount determined by OPIC, not to exceed
     $3,333,000, if, in the opinion of OPIC, MTT has insufficient funds to
     achieve project completion or to meet its obligations as they become due
     and payable.

          The loan agreements with Allstate described above have waived
     consideration of the guarantee as part of Telco debt in calculating certain
     covenant conditions of the notes. The waivers which expired on April 1,
     1997 have been extended to November 30, 1997 by amendments dated April 1,
     1997.


(6)      STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS NOT YET ADOPTED

         In March 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued
     Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128 "Earnings Per
     Share." This Statement establishes standards for computing and presenting
     earnings per share (EPS) and applies to entities with publicly held common
     stock. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for
     periods ending after December 15, 1997. Earlier application is not
     permitted. This Statement requires restatement of all prior-period EPS data
     presented. D&E currently estimates there will be no impact on its financial
     statements upon the adoption of SFAS No. 128.




                                        6

<PAGE>

                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

                 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of
                  Financial Condition and Results of Operations


     Monetary amounts presented in the following discussion are rounded to the
nearest thousand dollars. Certain items in the financial statements for the
three months ended March 31, 1996 have been reclassified for comparative
purposes and to reflect the three-for-one stock-split effect of the Share
Exchange.


RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     Net Income. Net income for the three months ended March 31, 1997 was
$890,000, 13.4% less than the net income of $1,028,000 recorded in the
corresponding period in 1996. The decrease occurred primarily due to a decrease
in equity in net income of affiliates of $231,000. Earnings per common share
totaled $.15, as compared with earnings per common share of $.18 in the first
quarter of last year.


     Operating Revenues. Total operating revenues for the first quarter of 1997
were $11,778,000, an increase of $886,000 or 8.1% from the corresponding period
last year.

     Local network services revenues are generated from providing local exchange
and local private line services. Local network revenues for the three months
ended March 31, 1997 were $2,222,000 an increase of $110,000 or 5.0% as compared
to the same period in 1996. Revenues for the first quarter, increased primarily
as a result of growth in access lines and local private lines and an increase in
revenues from custom calling features. The number of access lines in service at
March 31, 1997 increased 5.3% compared to March 31, 1996. The increase in access
lines plus other local private lines, accounts for approximately $99,000 of the
increase in local network service revenues for the three months ended March 31,
1997 over March 31, 1996. The increase in revenues from custom calling features
for the three months ended March 31, 1997 over March 31, 1996 of $17,000 was
primarily due to the increased number of customers subscribing to Caller
Identification ("Caller ID") Deluxe. These increases were offset by small
decreases in various other services.

     Network access services revenues are received from Telco's subscribers,
from local exchange carriers, interexchange carriers ("IXCs") and cellular
companies for their use of local exchange facilities in providing interstate and
intrastate long distance services to their customers and from settlement pools
administered by the National Exchange Carrier Association, Inc. ("NECA").
Revenues in this category for the first quarter of 1997 were $4,095,000, an
increase of $178,000 or 4.5% over the corresponding period in 1996. The increase
in the first quarter was primarily due to an increase in the number of access
lines generating approximately $87,000; a related increase in the minutes of use
of cellular traffic generating approximately $46,000 of revenues; and an
increased number of Local Exchange Carrier ports and other services accounting
for $45,000 of the increase.


                                        7

<PAGE>

                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

                 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of
                  Financial Condition and Results of Operations


     Long distance network services revenues are received from long distance
calls made by residential and business customers within the Capital
(southcentral) Region of Pennsylvania. Revenues in this category were $1,056,000
a decrease of $54,000 or 4.8% in the first quarter 1997 compared with the
corresponding period in 1996. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in
minutes of use.

     Sales & services revenues consist primarily of the following services
furnished by Red Rose Communications, Inc. ("Red Rose"): sales and service of
business telephone systems and communications products, revenue from work at
customers' sites and revenue from the long distance calling service, D and E
Long Distance ("DELD"). Revenues in this category were $3,168,000, an increase
of $554,000 or 21.2% for the first quarter of 1997 over the first quarter of
1996. The increase was primarily related to $424,000 in revenues generated from
installation and maintenance of local area networks and wide area networks
generated as a result of the acquisition of Com Tech in the fourth quarter of
1996 and $116,000 from new client sales of telephone systems completed.

     Miscellaneous revenues from a variety of services, increased $97,000 in the
first quarter of 1997 compared to the prior year primarily as the result of
software development services of approximately $64,000 performed in 1997.

     Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses for the three month period
ended March 31, 1997 were $9,585,000. This amount represents an increase of
$891,000 or 10.2% over the same period in 1996.

     Network operations expenses are incurred in maintaining D and E's switching
and transmission facilities, including digital central office switching
equipment and outside plant cable and trunk facilities. Network operations
include related employee costs, engineering expense, maintenance of land and
buildings, testing, general purpose computers, office equipment, video
conferencing and other materials and supplies. Expenses in this category were
$1,286,000 a decrease of $249,000 or 16.2% for the first quarter of 1997
compared with the corresponding period in 1996. The first quarter reduction was
primarily due to a decrease in wages and benefits, partially attributable to the
early retirement staff reduction in December 1996.

     Depreciation expense was $1,887,000 an increase of $105,000 or 5.9% in the
first quarter of 1997, over the corresponding period in 1996. The majority of
the increase was attributable to an increase in plant in service in 1997 and new
depreciation rates that were revised in April 1996.

     Financial and administrative services expenses were $1,435,000 an increase
of $250,000 or 21.1% for the three month period ended March 31, 1997, over the
corresponding period in the previous year. The increase was primarily due to an
increase in wages and benefits.


                                        8

<PAGE>


                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

                 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of
                  Financial Condition and Results of Operations


     Directory expenses were $503,000 an increase of $30,000 or 6.3% for the
three months ended March 31, 1997 over the comparable period in 1996. The
increase is primarily related to increased production costs of the phone
directory.

     Costs of products sold consists primarily of the material costs of
equipment sales. The costs of products sold were $1,587,000 an increase of
$384,000 or 31.9% during the three month period ended March 31, 1997 compared to
1996. This increase was primarily related to $282,000 in material costs from
installation and maintenance of local area networks and wide area networks
generated as a result of the acquisition of Com Tech in the fourth quarter of
1996 and to new client equipment costs of approximately $79,000.

     Other expenses primarily include all operating expenses incurred by Red
Rose and D & E Marketing Corp. ("Marketing") in the course of their business
activities, excluding material costs and operating taxes other than income
taxes. These expenses were $1,594,000 an increase of $359,000 or 29.0% for the
three month period ended March 31, 1997, over the comparable period last year.
This increase is primarily attributable to 1997 PCS development expenses of
$249,000 and an increase in sales commissions and expenses associated with
Marketing's investment in MCG.

     Other Income (Expense). Other income (expense) for the three months ended
March 31, 1997 was $730,000 in net expenses, an increase of $216,000 over the
net expense of the same period in 1996. The change in the first quarter was
primarily related to a decreases in equity in net income of affiliates of
$231,000. Equity in net income of affiliates decreased primarily due to a
$226,000 increase in the first quarter in the losses of MCG.

     MCG is a domestic corporate joint venture which owns 88.7% of MTT, which
operates a telephone company in Hungary. Marketing owns 16.5% of MCG. The net
losses reported by MCG are directly related to the losses of MTT. These result
primarily from the foreign currency translation losses related to the strength
of the United States dollar in relation to other currencies. The foreign
currency losses relate to the use by MTT of the Hungarian Forint ("HUF") as the
functional currency for accounting purposes. These losses are expected to be
countered by MTT's ability to raise rates to customers in order to repay the
OPIC loan with devalued HUFs. The telecommunications rate regulation in Hungary
permits MTT to make certain inflation adjustments based upon the Producer Price
Index ("PPI"), and, in fact, MTT raised rates in January 1997. Therefore,
management has decided the cost of foreign currency hedging is not currently
warranted. The Hungarian government has been receptive to the conversion of HUFs
to U.S. Dollars, and MTT has not experienced, and does not expect to experience,
any difficulties in making the necessary currency conversions.

     Income Taxes. The federal and state income taxes decreased by $50,000 or
7.6% for the quarter ended March 31, 1997 over the corresponding period in 1996.
The decrease in income taxes was primarily due to a decrease in pre-tax income.
The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31,

                                        9

<PAGE>


                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

                 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of
                  Financial Condition and Results of Operations


1997 was 40.6%, compared to 39.0% for the corresponding period last year. The
rate increased partially as a result of larger losses from MTT which do not
benefit the state tax provision.


FINANCIAL CONDITION

     Liquidity and Capital Resources. D&E believes that it has adequate internal
and external resources available to meet ongoing operating requirements
including expansion and modernization of the network and business development.
D&E expects that foreseeable capital requirements for its existing business will
be financed primarily through internally generated funds and additional debt.
Additional short or long-term debt or equity financing will be needed to fund
new business development activities and to enhance D&E's capital structure.

     The primary source of funds to support ongoing business activities was
$1,633,000 cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended
March 31, 1997. The major working capital change which affected funds from
operations was an accounts payable decrease primarily from the continued
reduction of payables to Northern Telecom for equipment purchased and from a
decrease in the payable of $551,000 recorded in 1996 for the deferred payment
portion of the acquisition of Com Tech. The deferred payment for Com Tech was
paid by the issuance of 21,408 shares of D&E common stock in January 1997.

     The investing activity included $1,130,000 in capital additions primarily
for telephone plant in service. The major new investment was the acquisition of
the C-Block broadband PCS license for the Lancaster, PA market area which was
owned by PCS One, Inc. at the time of the merger. The total price of
approximately $21,123,000 was primarily a non-cash transaction.

     The cash balance at March 31, 1997 was $347,000 and $5,682,000 was
available from the $13,000,000 of short-term credit lines available at the end
of the quarter. D&E is negotiating a financing arrangement with two local banks
to obtain additional funds for the development and construction of the PCS
network. D&E also expects to establish an additional $3,000,000 line of credit
with a local bank for general business use. Subsequent to March 31, 1997 D&E
entered into a Network Product Purchase Agreement with Northern Telecom Inc. to
acquire approximately $8,000,000 of PCS equipment to be used in building the
wireless network.

     D&E's ratio of total debt to total debt plus capital increased to 49.1% at
March 31, 1997 from 46.3% at December 31, 1996. This increase resulted primarily
from the increase in long-term debt to the FCC for the PCS license.


                                       10

<PAGE>


                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

                 Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of
                  Financial Condition and Results of Operations



OTHER

     During the third quarter of 1996, Telco exceeded 50,000 access lines.
Therefore, on July 1, 1997 when the current traffic-sensitive access rates
expire under the FCC Small Company Incentive regulation, Telco will be required
to follow another method of determining these rates. Accordingly, in December
1996, Telco elected to rejoin NECA's Traffic Sensitive Pool and effective July
1, 1997, will revise its traffic-sensitive access rates and apply the rates from
the NECA Interstate Access Tariff. Telco anticipates a decline of approximately
$450,000 quarterly thereafter in interstate access revenue derived from
interstate pool settlements. The interstate revenues that will be generated
through participating in NECA access rates and settlements are more favorable
than if Telco established rates based on its costs.

     D&E expanded its corporate organization through its merger with PCS One. In
addition to liquidating The D and E Group, D&E formed two new subsidiaries. D &
E Investments, Inc., a Nevada holding company, was formed in March to hold the
C-Block broadband PCS license for the Lancaster, PA market acquired from PCS
One, as well as the Harrisburg, PA D-Block and the York, PA E-Block PCS licenses
acquired by Telco through the FCC's auction bidding process. D & E Wireless,
Inc., a Pennsylvania company, was formed in April to design, construct and
operate the PCS network.

     In March 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128 "Earnings Per Share." This
Statement establishes standards for computing and presenting earnings per share
(EPS) and applies to entities with publicly held common stock. This Statement is
effective for financial statements issued for periods ending after December 15,
1997. Earlier application is not permitted. This Statement requires restatement
of all prior-period EPS data presented. D&E currently estimates there will be no
impact on its financial statements upon the adoption of SFAS No. 128.

     On May 7, 1997 the FCC released several orders as part of the process
toward promoting competition by revising access charges and subsidies used to
provide universal telephone service. The bulk of the orders have a near-term
impact on price cap companies while retaining transition provisions for rural
companies, such as Telco. D&E is reviewing the detail of these orders to assess
the impact on future Telco operations.



                                       11

<PAGE>

                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES

                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


     This quarterly report contains certain forward-looking statements as to the
future performance of D&E and its various domestic and international investments
and long term contracts, including MCG, MTT, Investments and Wireless. Actual
results may differ as a result of factors over which D&E has no control,
including but not limited to, regulatory factors, uncertainties and economic
fluctuations in the domestic and foreign markets in which the companies compete,
foreign-currency risks and increased competition in domestic markets due in
large part to continued deregulation of the telecommunications industry.




                                       12

<PAGE>


                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC AND SUBSIDIARIES
                   PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

                      Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative
                          Disclosure About Market Risks


     D&E does not invest excess funds in derivative financial instruments or
other market risk sensitive instruments for the purpose of managing its foreign
currency exchange rate risk or for any other purpose.


                                       13

<PAGE>

Form 10-Q

                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                           PART II - OTHER INFORMATION


                    Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

(a)      Exhibits:

Exhibit                    Identification
  No.                        of Exhibit                         Reference
- -------                    --------------                       ---------


10.1     Network Product Purchase Agreement                   Filed herewith. *
         between Northern Telecom, Inc. and
         D & E Communications, Inc. dated
         April 10, 1997.

10.2     Federal Communications Commission,                   Filed herewith.
         Radio Station Authorization of a
         Personal Communication Service-Broadband
         for the C-Block in Lancaster, PA issued
         March 28, 1997 to D & E Investments, Inc.

10.3     Installment Payment Plan Note between                Filed herewith.
         D & E Investments, Inc. and the Federal
         Communications Commission dated as of
         March 28, 1997, Re: $11,878,574   7.00%
         note due September 17, 2006.

10.4     Security Agreement dated March 28, 1997              Filed herewith.
         between D & E Investments, Inc. and the
         Federal Communciations Commission Re:
         the Installment Payment Plan Note due
         September 17, 2006.

10.5     Fifth Amendment to Note Agreement dated              Filed herewith.
         as of November 15, 1991 between Allstate
         Life Insurance Company, Allstate Life
         Insurance Company of New york, and Denver
         and Ephrata Telephone and Telegraph
         Company, dated as of April 1, 1997,
         Re: $10,000,000 9.18% Senior Notes due
         November 15, 2021.

10.6     Fourth Amendment to Note Agreement dated             Filed herewith.
         as of January 14, 1994 between Allstate
         Life Insurance Company and Denver and
         Ephrata Telephone and Telegraph Company
         dated as of April 1, 1997, Re: $10,000,000
         6.49% Senior Notes due January 14, 2004.

27       Financial Data Schedule.                             Filed herewith.



                                       14

<PAGE>



                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                     PART II - OTHER INFORMATION (continued)


(b)   Reports on Form 8-K:

          A Form 8-K was filed on April 7, 1997 in regard to the merger with PCS
          One, Inc.

- ------------------

* Confidential treatment requested with respect to portions thereof.



                                       15

<PAGE>

Form 10-Q

                   D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

                                   SIGNATURES



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



                                         D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
                                                (Registrant)



Date: May 13, 1997                   By:  /s/ Thomas E. Morell
                                         -------------------------
                                              Thomas E. Morell
                                        Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
                                        and Treasurer
                                            (On Behalf of the Registrant and
                                            as Principal Financial Officer)




UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, ALL INFORMATION IS AS OF MAY 13, 1997.




                                       16

<PAGE>


                                INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit                    Identification
  No.                        of Exhibit                         Reference
- -------                    --------------                       ---------


10.1     Network Product Purchase Agreement                   Filed herewith. *
         between Northern Telecom, Inc. and
         D & E Communications, Inc. dated
         April 10, 1997.

10.2     Federal Communications Commission,                   Filed herewith.
         Radio Station Authorization of a
         Personal Communication Service-Broadband
         for the C-Block in Lancaster, PA issued
         March 28, 1997 to D & E Investments, Inc.

10.3     Installment Payment Plan Note between                Filed herewith.
         D & E Investments, Inc. and the Federal
         Communications Commission dated as of
         March 28, 1997, Re: $11,878,574 7.00%
         note due September 17, 2006.

10.4     Security Agreement dated March 28, 1997              Filed herewith.
         between D & E Investments, Inc. and the
         Federal Communications Commission Re:
         the Installment Payment Plan Note due
         September 17, 2006.

10.5     Fifth Amendment to Note Agreement dated              Filed herewith.
         as of November 15, 1991 between Allstate
         Life Insurance Company, Allstate Life
         Insurance Company of New york, and Denver
         and Ephrata Telephone and Telegraph
         Company, dated as of April 1, 1997,
         Re: $10,000,000 9.18% Senior Notes due
         November 15, 2021.

10.6     Fourth Amendment to Note Agreement dated             Filed herewith.
         as of January 14, 1994 between Allstate
         Life Insurance Company and Denver and
         Ephrata Telephone and Telegraph Company
         dated as of April 1, 1997, Re: $10,000,000
         6.49% Senior Notes due January 14, 2004.


27       Financial Data Schedule.                             Filed herewith.

- ------------------

* Confidential treatment requested with respect to portions thereof.






                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 1


                                                                    Exhibit 10.1

                       NETWORK PRODUCTS PURCHASE AGREEMENT

Northern Telecom Inc., a Delaware corporation having offices at 4001 East Chapel
Hill-Nelson Highway, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 ("Nortel") and
D & E Communications, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, having its principal
offices and place of business at 130 East Main Street, Ephrata, Pennsylvania
17522-0458 ("Buyer") agree as follows:

1.       SCOPE

         1.1      Certain terms used in this Agreement shall be defined as set
                  forth in Exhibit A.

         1.2      The terms and conditions of this Agreement shall apply to the
                  purchase by Buyer and the sale by Nortel of Equipment and
                  Services and the licensing of Software furnished in connection
                  with such Equipment. The terms and conditions contained in a
                  Product Attachment shall modify and/or supplement the other
                  terms and conditions of this Agreement, only with respect to
                  the Product Line and Services described in the Product
                  Attachment.

         1.3      All Products and Services obtained by Buyer pursuant to this
                  Agreement shall be obtained by Buyer solely for initial use by
                  Buyer in its internal business to provide services available
                  through its networks, and not as stock in trade or inventory
                  which is intended for resale by Buyer to any third party as
                  new and unused material. All such Products shall be installed
                  in the United States.

2.       TERM

         2.1      This Agreement shall be in effect during the period that any
                  Product Attachment is in effect. Each Product Attachment shall
                  be in effect during its Product Attachment Term. This
                  Agreement or any part thereof may be terminated in accordance
                  with the express provisions of this Agreement concerning
                  termination or by written agreement of the parties.

         2.2      The termination of this Agreement or any part thereof shall
                  not affect the obligations of either party thereunder which
                  have not been fully performed with respect to any accepted
                  Order, unless such Order is expressly terminated in accordance
                  with this Agreement or by written agreement of the parties.


<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 2

3.       ORDERING

         All purchases pursuant to this Agreement shall be made by means of
         Orders issued from time to time by Buyer and accepted by Nortel in
         writing within fifteen (15) days. Otherwise, any such Order shall be
         deemed to be void. All Orders shall reference this Agreement and the
         applicable Product Attachment and shall be governed solely by the terms
         and conditions set forth herein as modified and/or supplemented
         pursuant to Section 1.2 by the terms and conditions of any applicable
         Product Attachments.

4.       PRICES

         4.1      The prices, charges, and fees applicable to Orders shall be
                  set forth in the appropriate Product Attachments and may be
                  revised in accordance with the provisions stated therein.
                  Buyer shall pay transportation charges, including insurance,
                  in accordance with the applicable Product Attachment.

         4.2      Buyer shall not sell, lease or otherwise transfer such
                  Products or any portion thereof or allow any liens or
                  encumbrances to attach to such Products or any portion thereof
                  prior to payment in full to Nortel of the total of all such
                  prices, charges, and fees.

5.       TERMS OF PAYMENT

         5.1      The amounts payable for Products and/or Services may be
                  invoiced by Nortel to Buyer in accordance with the applicable
                  Product Attachments. All amounts payable and properly invoiced
                  pursuant to this Agreement shall be paid by Buyer to Nortel
                  within thirty (30) days from the date of Nortel's invoice in
                  accordance with the payment instructions contained in such
                  invoice.

         5.2      Overdue payments, excluding those which are the subject of a
                  good faith dispute, shall be subject to interest charges,
                  calculated daily commencing on the 31st day after the date of
                  the invoice, at one and one half percent (1-1/2%) per month or
                  such lesser rate as may be the maximum permissible rate under
                  applicable law.

6.       TAXES

         Buyer shall at Nortel's direction promptly reimburse Nortel or pay
         directly to the applicable government or taxing authority all taxes and
         charges arising hereunder, including, without limitation, penalties and
         interest, except for taxes computed upon the net income of Nortel.
         Buyer's obligations pursuant to this Section 6 shall survive any
         termination of this Agreement.


<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 3


7.       RISK OF LOSS, TITLE

         7.1      Risk of loss or damage to Products shall pass to Buyer upon
                  delivery to the loading dock at the installation site or other
                  delivery location specified by Buyer in its Order, and Buyer
                  shall keep such Products fully insured for the total amount
                  then due Nortel for such Products.

         7.2      Good title to Equipment furnished hereunder which shall be
                  free and clear of all liens and encumbrances shall vest in
                  Buyer upon full payment by Buyer of the total prices, charges
                  and fees payable by Buyer for such Equipment and any related
                  Software or Services furnished by Nortel in connection with
                  such Equipment.

         7.3      Buyer shall receive a license to use Software subject to the
                  terms set forth in Exhibit B.

8.       TESTING, TURNOVER AND ACCEPTANCE

         8.1      If Nortel installs any Products furnished hereunder, the
                  rights and obligations of the parties with respect to testing,
                  turnover and acceptance of such Products shall be as set forth
                  in the applicable Product Attachment.

         8.2      If Nortel does not install Products furnished hereunder,
                  Nortel shall prior to delivery of the Products perform such
                  factory tests as Nortel determines to be appropriate in order
                  to confirm that such Products shall be in accordance with the
                  applicable Specifications. Buyer shall be deemed to have
                  accepted the Products upon completion of such tests.

         8.3      In the event that Buyer places Products into
                  revenue-generating service, such Products shall be deemed to
                  have been accepted by Buyer without limitation or restriction.

9.       DISCLAIMERS OF WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES

              THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES SET FORTH IN EXHIBIT D AND IN ANY
              PRODUCT ATTACHMENT CONSTITUTE THE ONLY WARRANTIES OF NORTEL WITH
              RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES AND BUYER'S EXCLUSIVE
              REMEDIES IN THE EVENT SUCH WARRANTIES ARE BREACHED. THEY ARE IN
              LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY, EXPRESS
              OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF
              MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NORTEL SHALL
              NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY
              NATURE WHATSOEVER, BEFORE OR AFTER THE PLACING OF ANY PRODUCT INTO
              SERVICE.

<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 4


10.      LIABILITY FOR BODILY INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE AND PATENT
         INFRINGEMENT

         10.1     A party hereto shall defend the other party against any suit,
                  claim, or proceeding brought against the other party for
                  direct damages due to personal injuries (including death) or
                  damage to tangible property which allegedly result from the
                  negligence or willful misconduct of the defending party in the
                  performance of this Agreement. The defending party shall pay
                  all litigation costs, reasonable attorney's fees, settlement
                  payments and such direct damages awarded or resulting from any
                  such suit, claim or proceeding.

         10.2     Nortel shall defend Buyer against any suit, claim or
                  proceeding brought against Buyer alleging that any Products,
                  excluding Vendor Items, furnished hereunder infringe any
                  United States patent. Nortel shall pay all litigation costs,
                  reasonable attorney's fees, settlement payments and any
                  damages awarded or resulting from any such suit, claim or
                  proceeding. With respect to Vendor Items, Nortel shall assign
                  any rights with respect to infringement of U.S. patents
                  granted to Nortel by the supplier of such Vendor Items to the
                  extent of Nortel's right to do so. In addition, Nortel shall
                  indemnify Buyer with respect to the cost of defending any
                  infringement claim brought in the U.S. by any third party
                  against Buyer.
                            Redacted. Confidential treatment requested.

         10.3     The party entitled to defense pursuant to Section 10.1 or 10.2
                  shall promptly advise the party required to provide such
                  defense of the applicable suit, claim, or proceeding and shall
                  cooperate with such party in the defense or settlement
                  thereof. The party required to provide such defense shall have
                  sole control of the defense of the applicable suit, claim, or
                  proceeding and of all negotiations for its settlement or
                  compromise.

         10.4     If an injunction is obtained against Buyer's use of any
                  Products as a result of any suit, claim, or proceeding
                  described in Section 10.2, Nortel shall at Nortel's option use
                  its reasonable efforts to either:

                  10.4.1   procure for Buyer the right to continue using the
                           portions of the Products enjoined from use; or

                  10.4.2   replace or modify the same with equivalent or better
                           Products so that Buyer's use is not subject to any
                           such injunction.

<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 5

         10.5     If Nortel cannot perform under Section 10.4.1 or 10.4.2, Buyer
                  shall have the right to return the infringing Products to
                  Nortel upon written notice to Nortel, and in the event of such
                  return, neither party shall have any further liabilities or
                  obligations under this Agreement on account of such
                  infringement or return, except during the first year of the
                  Term, Nortel shall refund to Buyer the purchase price of such
                  Products and after the first year of the Term, Nortel shall
                  refund the depreciated value of such Products carried on
                  Buyer's books at the time of such return, less any outstanding
                  monies due Nortel hereunder.

         10.6     The obligations of Nortel hereunder with respect to any suit,
                  claim, or proceeding described in Section 10.2 shall not apply
                  with respect to Products which are (a) manufactured or
                  supplied by Nortel in accordance with any design or any
                  special instruction furnished by Buyer, (b) used by Buyer in a
                  manner or for a purpose not contemplated by this Agreement,
                  (c) located by Buyer outside the United States, or (d) used by
                  Buyer in combination with other products not provided by
                  Nortel, including, without limitation, any software developed
                  solely by Buyer through the permitted use of Products
                  furnished hereunder, provided the infringement arises from
                  such combination or the use thereof. Buyer shall indemnify and
                  hold Nortel harmless against any loss, cost, expense, damage,
                  settlement or other liability, including, but not limited to,
                  attorneys' fees, which may be incurred by Nortel with respect
                  to any suit, claim, or proceeding described in this Section
                  10.6.

         10.7     Notwithstanding the above, Nortel shall have no obligation or
                  liability with regard to any patent infringement suit, claim,
                  or proceeding that may be made or brought against Buyer (i)
                  alleging that method of use claims in such patent are
                  infringed by any service offering and/or by any use by Buyer
                  of Products furnished hereunder to make such service offering
                  available or (ii) resulting in a settlement payment, or award
                  of damages, or accounting of profits, where such settlement,
                  award, or accounting is based on the revenues or profits
                  earned or other value obtained by Buyer from its use of such
                  Products and/or is based on the lost revenues or profits of
                  third parties arising from Buyer's use of such Products.

         10.8     If Nortel determines that any Products are or may become the
                  subject of a suit, claim, or proceeding as described in
                  Section 10.7, Nortel may provide Buyer with notice to that
                  effect. Nortel shall have no liability to Buyer pursuant to
                  Section 10.2, 10.4, or 10.5 with respect to Buyer's use of
                  such Products which occurs subsequent to such notice. In
                  addition to its obligations pursuant to Section 10.3, if Buyer
                  becomes aware that any Products may become the subject of any
                  such suit, claim, or proceeding before receiving any such
                  notice from Nortel, Buyer shall provide Nortel with notice to
                  that effect.

<PAGE>


                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 6

         10.9     After receipt of notice from Nortel pursuant to Section 10.8,
                  Buyer shall have the option to return to Nortel the applicable
                  Products identified in such notice and Nortel shall refund the
                  depreciated value (as carried on the books of Buyer) of the
                  returned Products to Buyer as more fully set forth in Section
                  10.5.

         10.10    The provisions of Sections 10.2 through 10.9 state the entire
                  liability of Nortel and its suppliers and the exclusive remedy
                  of Buyer with respect to any suits, claims, or proceedings of
                  the nature described in Section 10.2.

         10.11    Each party's respective obligations pursuant to this Section
                  shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

11.      REMEDIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

         11.1     Nortel shall have the right to suspend its performance by
                  written notice to Buyer and forthwith remove and take
                  possession of all Products that shall have been delivered to
                  Buyer, if, prior to payment to Nortel of any amounts due
                  pursuant to this Agreement with respect to such Products,
                  Buyer shall (a) become insolvent or bankrupt or cease, be
                  unable, or admit in writing its inability, to pay all debts as
                  they mature, or make a general assignment for the benefit of,
                  or enter into any arrangement with, creditors, (b) authorize,
                  apply for, or consent to the appointment of, a receiver,
                  trustee, or liquidator of all or a substantial part of its
                  assets or have proceedings seeking such appointment commenced
                  against it which are not terminated within ninety (90) days of
                  such commencement, or (c) file a voluntary petition under any
                  bankruptcy or insolvency law or under the reorganization or
                  arrangement provisions of the United States Bankruptcy Code or
                  any similar law of any jurisdiction or have proceedings under
                  any such law instituted against it which are not terminated
                  within ninety (90) days of such commencement.

         11.2     In the event of any material breach of this Agreement which
                  shall continue for thirty (30) or more days after written
                  notice of such breach (including a reasonably detailed
                  statement of the nature of such breach) shall have been given
                  to the breaching party by the aggrieved party, the aggrieved
                  party shall be entitled at its option to avail itself of any
                  and all remedies available at law or equity, except as
                  otherwise provided in this Agreement.

         11.3     Nothing contained in Section 11.2 or elsewhere in this
                  Agreement shall make Nortel liable for any incidental,
                  indirect, consequential or special damages of any nature
                  whatsoever for any breach of this Agreement whether the claims
                  for such damages arise in tort, contract, or otherwise, or
                  shall increase the liability of Nortel under Section 9 or 10
                  or Exhibit D beyond that prescribed therein.


<PAGE>


                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 7

         11.4     Nortel shall not be liable for any additional costs, expenses,
                  losses or damages resulting from errors, acts or omissions of
                  Buyer, including, but not limited to, inaccuracy,
                  incompleteness or untimeliness in the provision of information
                  by Buyer to Nortel or fulfillment by Buyer of any of its
                  obligations under this Agreement. Buyer shall pay Nortel the
                  amount of any such costs, expenses, losses or damage incurred
                  by Nortel.

         11.5     Any action for breach of this Agreement or to enforce any
                  right hereunder shall be commenced within two (2) years after
                  the cause of action accrues or it shall be deemed waived and
                  barred, except any action for nonpayment by Buyer of any
                  prices, charges, or fees payable hereunder may be brought by
                  Nortel at any time permitted by applicable law.

         11.6     The limitations on Nortel's liability and other obligations
                  set forth in Sections 9, 10, and 11 shall survive any
                  termination of this Agreement.

12.      FORCE MAJEURE

         If the performance by a party of any of its obligations under this
         Agreement shall be interfered with by reason of any circumstances
         beyond the reasonable control of that party, including without
         limitation, unavailability of supplies or sources of energy, power
         failure, breakdown of machinery, or labor difficulties, including
         without limitation, strikes, slowdowns, picketing or boycotts, then
         that party shall be excused from such performance for a period equal to
         the delay resulting from the applicable circumstances and such
         additional period as may be reasonably necessary to allow that party to
         resume its performance. With respect to labor difficulties as described
         above, a party shall not be obligated to accede to any demands being
         made by employees or other personnel.

13.      CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

         13.1     Each party which receives the other party's Confidential
                  Information shall use reasonable care to hold such
                  Confidential Information in confidence and not disclose such
                  Confidential Information to anyone other than to its employees
                  and employees of its affiliates with a need to know. A party
                  that receives the other party's Confidential Information shall
                  not reproduce such Confidential Information, except to the
                  extent reasonably required for the performance of its
                  obligations pursuant to this Agreement and in connection with
                  any permitted use of such Confidential Information.

         13.2     Buyer shall take reasonable care to use Nortel's Confidential
                  Information only for study, operating, or maintenance purposes
                  in connection with Buyer's use of Products furnished by Nortel
                  pursuant to this Agreement.

<PAGE>


                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 8


         13.3     Nortel shall take reasonable care to use Buyer's Confidential
                  Information only to perform Nortel's obligations to provide
                  Products and/or Services to Buyer, provided Nortel may use any
                  of Buyer's Confidential Information for the development,
                  manufacture, marketing and maintenance of new products and/or
                  services and/or changes or modifications to the existing
                  Products and/or Services, which Nortel may, in either case,
                  provide to third parties without restriction.

         13.4     The obligations of either party pursuant to this Section 13
                  shall not extend to any Confidential Information which
                  recipient can demonstrate through written documentation was
                  already known to the recipient prior to its disclosure to the
                  recipient, was known or generally available to the public at
                  the time of disclosure to the recipient, becomes known or
                  generally available to the public (other than by act of the
                  recipient) subsequent to its disclosure to the recipient, is
                  disclosed or made available in writing to the recipient by a
                  third party having a bona fide right to do so, or is required
                  to be disclosed by process of law, provided that the recipient
                  shall notify the disclosing party promptly upon any request or
                  demand for such disclosure.

         13.5     The parties' obligations pursuant to this Section 13 shall
                  survive any termination of this Agreement.

14.      BUYER'S RESPONSIBILITIES

         14.1     All sites at which the Products shall be delivered or
                  installed shall be prepared by Buyer in accordance with
                  Nortel's standards, including, without limitation,
                  environmental requirements.

         14.2     Buyer shall provide Nortel-designated personnel access to the
                  Products during the times deemed necessary by Nortel to
                  install, maintain and service the Products in accordance with
                  Nortel's obligations. Nortel personnel shall comply with
                  Buyer's reasonable site and security regulations, provided
                  Nortel receives written notice of any such regulations
                  reasonably in advance of the arrival of Nortel's personnel at
                  the site.

         14.3     Buyer shall provide reasonable working space and facilities,
                  including heat, light, ventilation, telephones, electrical
                  current, trash removal and other necessary utilities for use
                  by Nortel-designated maintenance personnel, and adequate
                  secure storage space, if required by Nortel, for Products and
                  materials. Buyer shall also provide adequate security for the
                  Products while on Buyer's site.

         14.4     Buyer shall obtain all necessary governmental permits
                  applicable to Buyer in connection with the installation,
                  operation, and maintenance of Products furnished hereunder,
                  excluding any applicable permits required in the normal course
                  of Nortel's doing business.

<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 9

         14.5     Any information which Nortel reasonably requests from Buyer
                  and which is necessary for Nortel to properly install or
                  maintain the Products shall be provided by Buyer to Nortel in
                  a timely fashion and in a form reasonably specified by Nortel.

15.      HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

         15.1     Prior to issuing any Order for Services to be performed at
                  Buyer's facilities, Buyer shall identify and notify Nortel in
                  writing of the existence of all Hazardous Materials which
                  Nortel may encounter during the performance of such Services,
                  including, without limitation, any Hazardous Materials
                  contained within any equipment to be removed by Nortel.

         15.2     If Buyer breaches its obligations pursuant to Section 15.1,
                  (a) Nortel may discontinue the performance of the appropriate
                  Services until all the applicable Hazardous Materials have
                  been removed or abated to Nortel's satisfaction by Buyer at
                  Buyer's sole expense, and (b) Buyer shall defend, indemnify
                  and hold Nortel harmless from any and all damages, claims,
                  losses, liabilities and expenses, including, without
                  limitation, attorneys' fees, which arise out of Buyer's breach
                  of such obligations. Buyer's obligations pursuant to this
                  Section 15.2 shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

16.      SUBCONTRACTING

         Nortel may subcontract any of its obligations under this Agreement, but
         no such subcontract shall relieve Nortel of primary responsibility for
         performance of its obligations.

17.      REGULATORY COMPLIANCE

         In the event of any change in the Specifications or Nortel's
         manufacturing or delivery processes for any Products as a result of the
         imposition of requirements by any government, Nortel may upon notice to
         Buyer, increase its prices, charges and fees to cover the added costs
         and expenses directly and indirectly incurred by Nortel as a result of
         such change.

<PAGE>


                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                         Page 10

18.      GENERAL

         18.1     If any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be invalid or
                  unenforceable under applicable law and a party deems such
                  provisions to be material, that party may terminate this
                  Agreement upon notice to the other party. Otherwise, such
                  invalidity or unenforceability shall not invalidate or render
                  this Agreement unenforceable, but this Agreement shall be
                  construed as if not containing the particular invalid or
                  unenforceable provision and the rights and obligations of the
                  parties shall be construed and enforced accordingly.

         18.2     A party shall not release without the prior written approval
                  of the other party any advertising or other publicity relating
                  to this Agreement wherein such other party may reasonably be
                  identified. In addition each party shall take reasonable
                  precautions to keep the existence and the contents of this
                  Agreement confidential so long as this Agreement remains in
                  effect and for a period of three (3) years thereafter, except
                  as may be reasonably required to enforce this Agreement or by
                  law.

         18.3     The construction, interpretation and performance of this
                  Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of North
                  Carolina, except for its rules with respect to the conflict of
                  laws.

         18.4     Neither party may assign or transfer this Agreement or any of
                  its rights hereunder without the prior written consent of the
                  other party, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld,
                  except Nortel may assign or transfer all or any part of this
                  Agreement or of its rights hereunder to any Affiliate without
                  Buyer's consent.


<PAGE>


                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                         Page 11


         18.5     Notices and other communications shall be transmitted in
                  writing by certified United States Mail, postage prepaid,
                  return receipt requested, by guaranteed overnight delivery, or
                  by facsimile addressed to the parties as follows:

                  To Buyer:         D & E Communications, Inc.
                                    130 East Main Street
                                    P.O. Box 458
                                    Ephrata, Pennsylvania 17522-0458
                                    Attention: Mr. Greg Strunk

                  To Nortel:        Northern Telecom Inc.
                                    4001 East Chapel Hill-Nelson Highway
                  Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
                   Attention: Vice President Marketing-IOC/CNG
                            Facsimile: (919) 992-5985

                  In addition, notices submitted by Buyer to Nortel specific to
                  any Product Attachment shall be delivered to the address
                  stated in the applicable Product Attachment along with a copy
                  submitted to Nortel at the address stated above.

                  Any notice or communication sent under this Agreement shall be
                  deemed given upon receipt, as evidenced by the United States
                  Postal Service return receipt Mail if given by certified
                  United States Mail, on the following business day if sent by
                  guaranteed overnight delivery, or on the transmission date if
                  given by facsimile during the receiving party's normal
                  business hours.

                  The address information listed for a party in this Section or
                  any Product Attachment may be changed from time to time by
                  that party by giving notice to the other as provided above.

         18.6     In the event of a conflict between the provisions of this
                  Agreement which are not contained in a Product Attachment and
                  the provisions of a Product Attachment, the provisions of the
                  Product Attachment shall prevail with respect to the Product
                  Line and Services described in that Product Attachment.

         18.7     All headings used herein are for index and reference purposes
                  only, and shall not be given any substantive effect. This
                  Agreement has been created jointly by the parties, and no rule
                  of construction requiring interpretation against the drafter
                  of this Agreement shall apply in its interpretation.

         18.8     Buyer shall not export any technical data received from Nortel
                  pursuant to this Agreement, or release any such technical data
                  with the knowledge or intent that such technical data will be
                  exported or transmitted to any country or to foreign


<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                         Page 12


                  nationals of any country, except in accordance with applicable
                  U.S. law concerning the exporting of such technical data.
                  Buyer shall obtain all authorizations from the U.S. government
                  in accordance with applicable law prior to exporting or
                  transmitting any such technical data as described above.

         18.9     Any changes to this Agreement may only be effected if agreed
                  upon in writing by duly authorized representatives of the
                  parties hereto. No agency, partnership, joint venture, or
                  other similar business relationship shall be or is created by
                  this Agreement.

         18.10    This Agreement, including all Product Attachments and Exhibits
                  constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect
                  to the subject matter hereof.

NORTHERN TELECOM INC.                      D & E COMMUNICATIONS, INC.


By: /s/ Matthew J. Desch                   By: /s/ Robert M. Lauman
   -------------------------------             -------------------------------
            (Signature)                                  (Signature)

Name: Matthew J. Desch                     Name: Robert M. Lauman
     -----------------------------              -------------------------------
              (Print)                                     (Print)

Title: President                           Title: Executive Vice President, COO
      ----------------------------               ------------------------------

Date: 4/10/97                              Date: March 20, 1997
     -----------------------------              -------------------------------




<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 1



                                    EXHIBIT A

                                   DEFINITIONS

         As used in the Agreement (as defined below), the following initially
         capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:

         "Affiliate" shall mean Nortel's parent corporation, Northern Telecom
         Limited and any corporation controlled directly or indirectly by
         Northern Telecom Limited through the ownership or control of shares or
         other securities in such corporation.

         "Agreement" shall mean the Agreement to which this Exhibit is attached,
         and all Exhibits and Product Attachments.

         "Confidential Information" shall mean all information, including,
         without limitation, specifications, drawings, documentation, know-how
         and pricing information, of every kind or description which may be
         disclosed by either party or an Affiliate to the other party in
         connection with this Agreement, provided the disclosing party shall
         clearly mark any such information which is disclosed in writing as the
         confidential property of the disclosing party and the disclosing party
         shall identify the confidential nature of any such information which it
         orally discloses at the time of such disclosure and shall provide a
         written summary of the orally disclosed information to the recipient
         within fifteen (15) days of such disclosure.

         "Equipment" shall mean the hardware listed or otherwise identified in,
         or pursuant to, any Product Attachment.

         "Exhibits" shall mean Exhibits A, B, C, and D attached hereto, and any
         additional Exhibits which Nortel and Buyer subsequently agree in
         writing shall be incorporated into, and made a part of the Agreement by
         reference.

         "Hazardous Materials" shall mean any pollutants or dangerous, toxic or
         hazardous substances (including, without limitation, asbestos) as
         defined in, or pursuant to, the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29
         CFR Part 1910, Subpart Z), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
         of 1976 (42 USC Section 6901, et seq.), the Toxic Substances Control
         Act (15 USC Section 2601, et seq.), the Comprehensive Environmental
         Response Compensation and Liability Act (42 USC Section 9601, et seq.),
         and any other federal, state or local environmental law, ordinance,
         rule or regulation.

         "Order" shall mean a written purchase order issued by Buyer to Nortel.
         Each Order shall specify on the face of the Order the types and
         quantities of Products and/or Services to be furnished by Nortel
         pursuant to the Order, the applicable prices, charges and/or fees with
         respect to such Products and/or Services, Buyer's facility to which the
         Products are to be



<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 2


         delivered, the delivery and/or completion schedule, and any other
         information which may be required to be included in an Order in
         accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

         "Product Attachments" shall mean any Product Attachments which the
         parties agree in writing shall be incorporated into, and made a part
         of, this Agreement.

         "Product Attachment Term" shall mean the period specified in a Product
         Attachment during which that Product Attachment shall be in effect.

         "Product Line" shall mean the Products described in and which may be
         furnished pursuant to a specific Product Attachment.

         "Products" shall mean any Equipment and/or Software which may be
         provided under this Agreement.

         "Services" shall mean all services listed or otherwise identified in,
         or pursuant to, any Product Attachment which may be purchased from or
         provided by Nortel and which are associated with the Product Line
         described in that Product Attachment.

         "Software" shall mean (a) programs in machine-readable code or firmware
         which (i) are owned by, or licensed to, Nortel or any of its
         Affiliates, (ii) reside in Equipment memories, tapes, disks or other
         media, and (iii) provide basic logic operating instructions and user-
         related application instructions, and (b) documentation associated with
         any such programs which may be furnished by Nortel to Buyer from time
         to time.

         "Specifications" shall mean, with respect to any Product Line, the
         specifications identified in the applicable Product Attachment,
         provided Nortel shall have the right at its sole discretion to modify,
         change or amend such specifications at any time.

         "Third Party Software Vendor" shall mean any supplier of programs
         contained in the Software which is not an Affiliate.

         "Vendor Items" shall mean, with respect to a Product Line, those
         portions of the Product which are identified in the applicable Product
         Attachment as Vendor Items.

         "Warranty Period" shall mean, with respect to a Product Line, the
         Warranty Period specified in the applicable Product Attachment.



<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 1



                                    EXHIBIT B

                                SOFTWARE LICENSE

         1.    Buyer acknowledges that the Software may contain programs which
               have been supplied by, and are proprietary to, Third Party
               Software Vendors. In addition to the terms and conditions herein,
               Buyer shall abide by any additional terms and conditions provided
               by Nortel to Buyer with respect to any Software provided by any
               Third Party Software Vendor.

         2.    Upon Buyer's payment to Nortel of the applicable fees with
               respect to any Software furnished to Buyer pursuant to this
               Agreement, Buyer shall be granted a personal, non-exclusive,
               paid-up license to use the version of the Software furnished
               to Buyer only in conjunction with Buyer's use of the Equipment
               with respect to which such Software was furnished for the life
               of that Equipment as it may be repaired or modified. Buyer
               shall be granted no title or ownership rights to the Software,
               which rights shall remain in Nortel or its suppliers.

         3.    As a condition precedent to this license and to the supply of
               Software by Nortel pursuant to the Agreement, Nortel requires
               Buyer to give proper assurances to Nortel for the protection of
               the Software. Accordingly, all Software supplied by Nortel under
               or in implementation of the Agreement shall be treated by Buyer
               as the exclusive property, and as proprietary and a TRADE SECRET,
               of Nortel and/or its suppliers, as appropriate, and Buyer shall:
               a) hold the Software, including, without limitation, any methods
               or concepts utilized therein in confidence for the benefit of
               Nortel and/or its suppliers, as appropriate; b) not provide or
               make the Software available to any person except to its employees
               on a 'need to know' basis; c) not reproduce, copy, or modify the
               Software in whole or in part except as authorized by Nortel; d)
               not attempt to decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble, reverse
               translate, or in any other manner decode the Software; e) issue
               adequate instructions to all persons, and take all actions
               reasonably necessary to satisfy Buyer's obligations under this
               license; and f) forthwith return to Nortel, or with Nortel's
               consent destroy, any magnetic tape, disc, semiconductor device or
               other memory device or system and/or documentation or other
               material, including, but not limited to all printed material
               furnished by Nortel to Buyer which shall be replaced, modified or
               updated.

         4.    The obligations of Buyer hereunder shall not extend to any
               information or data relating to the Software which is now
               available to the general public or becomes available by reason of
               acts or failures to act not attributable to Buyer.


<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 2


         5.    Buyer shall not assign this license or sublicense any rights
               herein granted to any other party without Nortel's prior written
               consent.

         6.    Buyer shall indemnify and hold Nortel and its suppliers, as
               appropriate, harmless from any loss or damage resulting from a
               breach of this Exhibit B. The obligations of Buyer under this
               Exhibit B shall survive the termination of the Agreement and
               shall continue if the Software is removed from service.






<PAGE>
                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 1



                                    EXHIBIT C

                                     STORAGE


If Buyer notifies Nortel prior to the scheduled shipment date of Products that
Buyer does not wish to receive such Products on the date agreed by the parties,
or the installation site or other delivery location is not prepared in
sufficient time for Nortel to make delivery in accordance with such date, or
Buyer fails to take delivery of any portion of such Products, Nortel may place
the applicable Products in storage. In that event Buyer shall be liable for all
additional costs thereby incurred by Nortel. Delivery by Nortel of any Products
to a storage location as provided above shall be deemed to constitute delivery
of the Products to Buyer for purposes of this Agreement, including, without
limitation, provisions for payment, invoicing, passage of risk of loss, and
commencement of the Warranty Period.





<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 1



                                    EXHIBIT D

                         LIMITED WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES

1.    Nortel warrants that the Equipment supplied hereunder will under normal
      use and service be free from defective material and faulty workmanship and
      will conform to the applicable Specifications for the Warranty Period
      specified in the Product Attachment with respect to such Equipment. The
      foregoing warranty shall not apply to items normally consumed in
      operation, such as, but not limited to, lamps and fuses or to Vendor
      Items. Any installation Services performed by Nortel with respect to such
      Equipment shall be free from defects in workmanship for the Warranty
      Period set forth in the applicable Product Attachment.

2.    Nortel's sole obligation and Buyer's exclusive remedy under the warranty
      set forth in Section 1 above shall be limited to the replacement or
      repair, at Nortel's option and expense, of the defective Equipment, or
      correction of the defective installation Services. Replacement Equipment
      may be new or reconditioned at Nortel's option.

3.    Nortel warrants that any Software licensed by Nortel to Buyer under this
      Agreement shall function during the Warranty Period of the Equipment with
      respect to which such Software is furnished without any material,
      service-affecting nonconformance to the applicable Specifications,
      provided that Buyer shall have paid all Software support fees specified in
      the applicable Product Attachment. If the Software fails to so function,
      Buyer's sole remedy and Nortel's sole obligation under this warranty is
      for Nortel to correct such failure through, at Nortel's option, the
      replacement or modification of the Software or such other actions as
      Nortel reasonably determines to be appropriate.

4.    Unless otherwise stated in a Product Attachment, (a) Nortel's warranties
      in Section 3 above shall only apply to the portion of the Software
      actually developed by Nortel or its Affiliates, (b) all other Software
      shall be provided by Nortel "AS IS", (c) Nortel shall assign to Buyer on a
      nonexclusive basis any warranty on such other Software provided to Nortel
      by the developer of such other Software to the extent of Nortel's legal
      right to do so.

5.    The obligations and remedies set forth in Sections 1, 2, and 3 above shall
      be conditional upon: the Equipment not having been altered or repaired,
      the Software not having been modified, and the Products not having been
      installed outside the United States; any defect or nonconformance not
      being the result of mishandling, abuse, misuse, improper storage, improper
      performance of installation, other services, maintenance or operation by
      other than Nortel (including use in conjunction with any product which is
      incompatible with the applicable Equipment or Software or of inferior
      performance), and/or any error, act, or omission of Buyer described in
      Section 11.4; the Product not having been damaged by fire, explosion,
      power failure, power surge, or other power irregularity, lightning,
      failure



<PAGE>

                                              Network Product Purchase Agreement
                                                                          Page 2


      to comply with all applicable environmental requirements for the Products
      specified by Nortel or any other applicable supplier, such as but not
      limited to temperature or humidity ranges, or any act of God, nature or
      public enemy; and written notice of the defect having been given to Nortel
      within the applicable Warranty Period.

6.    The performance by Nortel of any of its obligations described in Section 2
      or 3 of this Exhibit D shall not extend the applicable Warranty Period
      except to the extent specified in the applicable Product Attachment.

7.    Upon expiration of the applicable Warranty Period for Equipment
      furnished hereunder, repair and replacement Service for such Equipment
      shall be available to Buyer from Nortel in accordance with Nortel's
      then-current terms, conditions and prices. Such repair and replacement
      Service and notice of any discontinuance of such repair and replacement
      Service shall be available for a minimum period set forth in the
      Product Attachment applicable to such Equipment. This provision shall
      survive the expiration of this Agreement.

8.    Unless Nortel elects to repair or replace defective Equipment at Buyer's
      facility, all Equipment to be repaired or replaced, whether in or out of
      warranty, shall be packed by Buyer in accordance with Nortel's
      instructions stated in the applicable Product Attachment and shipped at
      Buyer's expense and risk of loss to a location designated by Nortel.
      Replacement Equipment shall be returned to Buyer at Nortel's expense and
      risk of loss. Buyer shall ship the defective Equipment to Nortel within
      thirty (30) days of receipt of the replacement Equipment. In the event
      Nortel fails to receive such defective Equipment within such thirty (30)
      day period, Nortel shall invoice Buyer for the replacement Equipment at
      the then-current price in effect therefor.

9.    With respect to any Vendor Item furnished by Nortel to Buyer pursuant to
      this Agreement, Nortel shall assign to Buyer on a nonexclusive basis any
      warranty granted by the party that supplied such Vendor Item to Nortel to
      the extent of Nortel's right to do so.

10.   Neither Nortel nor Nortel's suppliers, as appropriate, shall have any
      responsibility for warranties offered by Buyer to any of its customers.
      Buyer shall indemnify Nortel and Nortel's suppliers, as appropriate, with
      respect thereto.



                                                                    Exhibit 10.2

                            United States of America
                        Federal Communications Commission

                           RADIO STATION AUTHORIZATION
                        Commercial Mobile Radio Services
                   Personal Communications Service - Broadband

D & E INVESTMENTS, INC.
124 East Main Street                                  Call Sign:         KNLF747
P.O. Box 458                                          Market:            B240
Ephrata, PA 17522-0458
                                                        LANCASTER,PA

                                                      Channel Block: C
                                                      File Number: 00038-CW-L-96
 ................................................................................
The licensee hereof is authorized, for the period indicated, to construct and
operate radio transmitting facilities in accordance with the terms and
conditions hereinafter described. This authorization is subject to the
provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, subsequent Acts of
Congress, international treaties and agreements to which the United States is a
signatory, and all pertinent rules and regulations of the Federal Communications
Commission, contained in the Title 47 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations.

Initial Grant Date..........................................  September 17, 1996

Five-year Build Out Date....................................  September 17, 2001

Expiration Date.............................................  September 17, 2006

CONDITIONS

Pursuant to Section 309(h) of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, (47
U.S.C. ss. 309(h)), this license is subject to the following conditions: This
license does not vest in the licensee any right to operate a station nor any
right in the use of frequencies beyond the term thereof nor in any other manner
than authorized herein. Neither this license nor the right granted thereunder
shall be assigned or otherwise transferred in violation of the Communications
Act of 1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. ss. 15 1, et seq.). This license is subject
in terms to the right of use or control conferred by Section 706 of the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. ss. 606).

Conditions continued on Page 2.
WAIVERS:
No waivers associated with this authorization.

Issue Date: March 28, 1997
FCC Form 463a                                                        Page 1 of 2


<PAGE>


                            D & E INVESTMENTS, INC.                00038-CW-L-96

CONDITIONS:

This authorization is subject to the condition that, in the event that systems
using the same frequencies as granted herein are authorized in an adjacent
foreign territory (Canada/United States), future coordination of any base
station transmitters within 72 km (45 miles) of the United States/Canada border
shall be required to eliminate any harmful interference to operations in the
adjacent foreign territory and to ensure continuance of equal access to the
frequencies by both countries.



This authorization is conditioned upon the full and timely payment of all monies
due pursuant to Sections 1.2110 and 24.711 of the Commission's Rules and the
terms of the Commission's installment plan as set forth in the Note and Security
Agreement executed by the licensee. Failure to comply with this condition will
result in the automatic cancellation of this authorization.







Issue Date: March 28, 1997
FCC Form 463a                                                        Page 2 of 2


                                                                    Exhibit 10.3


                          INSTALLMENT PAYMENT PLAN NOTE
((Broadband Personal Communications Service, C Block): Auction Event No. 5)


US $11,878,574.40
Washington, D.C.                                                  March 28, 1997
License No.: PBB240C


         FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned, D & E Investments, Inc., a Nevada
Corporation ("Maker"), promises to pay to the order of the FEDERAL
COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, an independent regulatory agency of the United States
("Payee" or "Commission"), the principal sum of $11,878,574.40 DOLLARS
("Principal Amount"), together with accrued interest, computed at the annual
rate of seven percent (7.00%) per annum ("Annual Rate") on the unpaid Principal
Amount hereof, from the date of this Note until the date the entire Principal
Amount has been paid in full.

        Interest and principal shall be payable as set forth below and in
accordance with Schedule A attached hereto and made a part hereof:

        Commencing March 31, 1997, Maker shall pay interest only at the Annual
Rate, in equal consecutive quarterly installments of $207,875.05, due on the
last day of the month and every ninety (90) days thereafter from March 31, 1997
through September 30, 2002.

        Commencing December 31, 2002, Maker shall pay principal and in equal
quarterly installments of $857,628.04, due on the last day of each month ninety
(90) days hence through and including September 30, 2006.

        The entire Principal Amount, together with accrued and unpaid interest
thereon, and all remaining obligations of Maker hereunder, shall be due and
payable on September 17, 2006 ("Maturity Date").

        All interest shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year for actual
days elapsed.


<PAGE>

        All payments to be made hereunder, of principal, interest, costs,
expenses, or other sums due hereunder, shall be made to the holder of this Note
in lawful money of the United States of America, which at the time of payment
shall be legal tender for the payment of public and private debts, free and
clear and without reduction by reason of any present or future income, stamp or
other taxes, levies, imposts, deductions, charges, compulsory loans or
witbholdings whatsoever, including interest thereon or penalties with respect
thereto, if any imposed, assessed, levied or collected by any political
subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, on or in respect of this
Note or the obligations it evidences. All payments shall be made during normal
business hours at the Commission's designated lockbox location as set forth from
time to time in the Commission's then-applicable orders and regulations and/or
public notices.

        This Note is secured by, and entitled to the benefits of, a Security
Agreement (the "Security Agreement") of even date between Maker and Payee. All
the terms, covenants, conditions and agreements contained in the Security
Agreement are hereby incorporated herein and made part of this Note to the same
extent and as if fully set forth herein. It is expressly understood by Maker
that all of the terms of the Security Agreement apply to this Note, and that
reference in the Security Agreement to "this Agreement" includes both the
Security Agreement and this Note.

        IT IS HEREBY EXPRESSLY AGREED THAT TIME IS OF THE ESSENCE FOR
PERFORMANCE OF ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS UNDER THIS NOTE AND THE
SECURITY AGREEMENT.

         A default under this Note ("Event of Default") shall occur upon any or
all of the following:

        a. non-payment by Maker of any Principal or Interest on the due date as
specified hereinabove if the, Maker remains delinquent for more than 90 days and

                  (1)  Maker has not submitted a request, in writing, for a
                       grace Period or extension of payments, if any such grace
                       period or extension of payments is provided for in the
                       then-applicable orders and regulations of the Commission;
                       or

                   (2) Maker has submitted a request, in writing, for a grace
                       period or extension of payments, if any such grace period
                       or extension of payments is provided for in the
                       then-applicable orders and regulations of the Commission,
                       and following the


                                     Page 2


<PAGE>

                     expiration of the grant of such grace period or extension
                     or upon denial of such a request for a grace period or
                     extension, Maker has not resumed payments of Interest and
                     Principal in accordance with the terms of this Note;

         or;

        b. Failure by Maker to comply with any other condition for holding the
above referenced License (as defined in the Security Agreement) as set forth in
the License or in the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, or the
then-applicable orders and regulations of the Commission; or

        c. violation by Maker of any other covenant or term of this Note or the
Security Agreement.

Upon any Event of Default under this Note, Payee may assess a late fee and/or
administrative charge, plus the costs of collection, litigation, attorneys'
fees, and default payment as specified in the then-applicable orders and
regulations of the Commission, as amended, and Maker acknowledges that it is
liable and herein expressly promises to pay on demand such additional costs,
expenses, late charges, administrative charges, attorneys fees, and default
payment. Upon a default under this Note, the unpaid Principal Amount, plus all
unpaid interest accrued thereon, together with any late fee and/or
administrative charge, plus the costs of collection, litigation, attorneys'
fees, and default payment as specified in the then-applicable orders and
regulations of the Commission, as amended, shall become immediately due and
payable. The Maker hereby acknowledges that the Commission has issued Maker the
above referenced License pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended,
that is conditioned upon full and timely payment of financial obligations under
the Commission's installment payment plan as set forth in the then-applicable
orders and regulations of the Commission, as amended, and that the sanctions and
enforcement authority of the Commission shall remain applicable in the event of
a failure to comply with the terms and conditions of the License, regardless of
the enforceability of this Note or the Security Agreement.

        No delay or omission on the part of Payee in exercising any right under
this Note, the Security Agreement, or any other instrument securing this Note,
shall operate as a waiver of such right or of any other right of Payee, nor
shall any waiver by Payee of any such right or rights on any one occasion be
deemed a bar to or waiver of the same right or rights on any future occasion.


                                     Page 3


<PAGE>


         Maker is liable for all costs of collection or enforcement of the
Payee's rights under this Note or under the Security Agreement or under any
other instrument now or hereafter executed by Maker in favor of Payee which in
any manner evidences or constitutes additional security for this Note, including
reasonable attorneys' fees, whether suit is brought or not, and all such costs
shall be paid by the Maker on demand, and whether or not such collection or
enforcement occurs in any bankruptcy, reorganization, receivership or other
proceedings involving creditors' rights or involving a claim under this Note or
any of the other loan documents.

         Maker, all endorsers and guarantors hereof and any other party who may
become liable for all of any part of the obligation evidenced hereby, waive
presentment for payment, notice or dishonor, protest, notice of nonpayment and
any and all lack of diligence or delays in collection or enforcement of this
Note.

         Maker may prepay all or any part of the Principal Amount without
premium or penalty upon ten (10) days' prior written notice to Payee, given in
the manner provided in the Security Agreement.

         Partial prepayments shall not postpone or reduce regular payments to be
made hereunder. All such prepayments shall be applicable first to the payment of
late charges, if any, costs and expenses, and administrative penalties due
hereunder, then to accrued and unpaid interest, then to that portion of the
unpaid Principal Amount due on the Maturity Date and then, if applicable, to any
unpaid installments of principal in the inverse order of installment maturities.
The Payee may require that any partial prepayments be made on the dates
installments of principal and interest are due hereunder.

         Anything to the contrary notwithstanding, Payee shall not charge, take
or receive, and Maker shall not be obligated to pay to Payee, any amounts
constituting interest on the Principal Amount in excess of the maximum rate
permitted by applicable law. If by reason of the acceleration of the unpaid
Principal Amount of otherwise, interest in excess of the highest legal contract
rate permitted by applicable law shall at any time be paid, any such excess
shall constitute and be treated as a payment of outstanding principal hereunder
and shall operate to reduce such outstanding Principal Amount.

         ANY LEGAL ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS NOTE, THE SECURITY
AGREEMENT, OR OTHER DOCUMENTS EVIDENCING OR SECURING THE DEBT TRANSACTION
EVIDENCED HEREBY MAY ONLY

                                     Page 4

<PAGE>


BE BROUGHT IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,
AND, BY EXECUTION AND DELIVERY OF THIS NOTE AND SECURITY AGREEMENT, THE MAKER
HEREBY ACCEPTS FOR ITSELF AND IN RESPECT OF ITS PROPERTY GENERALLY AND
UNCONDITIONALLY, THE JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURT. THE PARTIES HERETO
HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY
OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON
CONVENIENS, WHICH ANY OF THEM MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OF ANY
SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

         THE MAKER IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO THE SERVICE OF PROCESS OF THE
AFOREMENTIONED COURT IN ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY THE MAILING OF A COPY
THEREOF BY CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, POSTAGE PREPAID, TO THE
MAKER AT ITS ADDRESS PROVIDED HEREIN. SUCH SERVICE SHALL BE DEEMED TO HAVE
OCCURRED ON THE THIRD DAY AFTER SUCH MAILING. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL
AFFECT THE RIGHT OF PAYEE TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW
OR COMMENCE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS OR OTHERWISE PROCEED AGAINST THE MAKER IN ANY
OTHER JURISDICTION.

         EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY KNOWINGLY, WILLINGLY, VOLUNTARILY,
UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND INTENTIONALLY FOREVER WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY
HAVE TO TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION BASED ON, OR ARISING OUT OF,
UNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE, THE SECURITY AGREEMENT, OR OTHER
DOCUMENTS EVIDENCING OR SECURING THE DEBT TRANSACTION EVIDENCED HEREBY, ANY
COURSE OF CONDUCT, COURSE OF DEALING , STATEMENTS (VERBAL OR WRITTEN) OR ACTION
OF ANY PERSON OR ANY EXERCISE BY ANY PARTY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE RIGHTS UNDER THIS
TRANSACTION, DOCUMENT OR ANY RELATED DOCUMENT OF IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THE
COLLATERAL (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY ACTION TO RESCIND OR CANCEL THIS
TRANSACTION OR ANY CLAIMS OR DEFENSES ASSERTING THAT THIS TRANSACTION, IN WHOLE
OR IN PART, WAS FRAUDULENTLY INDUCED OR IS OTHERWISE VOID OR VOIDABLE). MAKER
REPRESENTS THAT NO ORAL OR WRITTEN


                                     Page 5

<PAGE>


STATEMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE BY ANY PARTY TO INCLUDE THIS SUBMISSION OR
JURISDICTION AND WAIVER OF TRIAL BY JURY OR IN ANY WAY TO MODIFY OR NULLIFY ITS
STATED EFFECT. MAKER FURTHER REPRESENTS THAT IT HAS BEEN REPRESENTED BY
INDEPENDENT COUNSEL, SELECTED BY ITS OWN FREE WILL, IN SIGNING THIS NOTE AND IN
THE MAKING OF THIS WAIVER AND THAT IT HAS HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO DISCUSS THIS
WAIVER WITH SUCH COUNSEL. THIS PROVISION IS A MATERIAL INDUCEMENT FOR PAYEE TO
ENTER INTO THIS TRANSACTION AND THE VARIOUS DOCUMENTS RELATED THERETO.

         Maker acknowledges that this Note and Security Agreement (any
attachments affixed thereto by the Commission with the permission and knowledge
of the Maker/Debtor), along with the then-current applicable Commission orders
and regulations and the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, set forth the
entire agreement, written and oral, of the parties, and all inconsistent prior
statements, understandings, notices, representations and agreements between the
parties, oral or written, are superseded by and merged in the Note, the Security
Agreement or other documents evidencing or securing the debt transaction
evidenced hereby. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all of Payee's
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in this Note and Security
Agreement shall merge in the documents and agreements executed by the Maker and
shall not survive said execution.

         If any provision or part of this Note and/or the Security Agreement
shall for any reason be held or deemed to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable
in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect
any other provision of this Note and this Note shall be construed as if such
invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein and
the remaining provisions of this Note shall remain in full force and effect. The
enforceability of the Note and/or the Security Agreement do not alter the rights
and obligations of the Maker and Payee under the Communications Act of 1934, as
amended, or under the then-applicable orders and regulations of the Commission,
as amended.

         Any notice demand or request hereunder shall be given in the manner set
forth in the Security Agreement.

         This Note shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended, the then-applicable orders and
regulations of the Commission, and federal law. Nothing in this Note shall be
deemed to modify


                                     Page 6

<PAGE>


any then-applicable orders and regulations of the Commission, and nothing in
this Note shall be deemed to release the Maker from compliance therewith. This
Note may not be changed, modified, waived, terminated or discharged orally, but
only by an agreement in writing executed by the party against whom enforcement
of any such change, modification, waiver, termination, or discharge is sought.

         Maker represents and warrants that any statements made by or on behalf
of Maker in connection with this Note: (i) are true and accurate in all material
respects; and (ii) do not omit any material facts or information that would make
such statement misleading in the context of Payee's evaluation of the note, and
acknowledges and agrees that Payee is entitled to and his relied on such
statements in agreeing to the Note.

         Payee shall have the right at any time to assign, endorse, pledge,
convey or otherwise transfer this Note and all of the other loan documents to
any party. From and after the date of such assignment, endorsement, pledge,
conveyance or other transfer, such transferee shall be entitled to exercise and
all rights and remedies of Payee hereunder. Maker shall not assign, convey or
otherwise transfer its rights and obligations hereunder without the prior
written consent of the Commission.



Date: March 28, 1997                            D & E Investments, Inc.
      ---------------                       ----------------------------------
                                                     [NAME OF MAKER]



                           By: /s/ Donald R. Kaufmann
                                               -------------------------------
                                                    Donald R. Kaufmann

                        Its: Chief Executive Officer and
                              Chairman of the Board
                                                 -----------------------------




                                     Page 7





                                                                    Exhibit 10.4

                               SECURITY AGREEMENT
    (Broadband Personal Communications Service, C Block: Auction Event No. 5)

License No PBB240C

This SECURITY AGREEMENT DATED March 28, 1997, ("Agreement") between D&E
Investments, Inc. a Nevada Corporation ("Debtor"), and the FEDERAL
COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION, an independent regulatory agency of the United States
("Commission" or "Secured Party")

                                   WITNESSETH

         WHEREAS, debtor has submitted the highest accepted bid for license
number PBB240C in the Broadband Personal Communications Service C Block auction
(hereinafter the "License") conducted by the Commission to assign such licenses;

         WHEREAS, the Commission has duly determined to grant the License to
Debtor, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the orders and
regulations of the Commission applicable to such licenses, and the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended;

         WHEREAS, Debtor wishes to pay its auction price for the License by
installments through an Installment Payment Plan as provided by 47 C.F.R. ss.ss.
24.711, 1.2110 (hereinafter the "Installment Payment Plan") and undertakes to
hold the License under the terms and conditions set forth in the Commission's
orders and regulations, as amended, applicable to such licenses, and the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended and the terms and conditions of this
Agreement;

         WHEREAS, the Commission has agreed to permit the Debtor to make payment
of the auction price for the License through an Installment Payment Plan; and

         WHEREAS, the Commission has agreed to permit the Debtor to make payment
of the auction price for the License through an Installment Payment Plan; and

         WHEREAS, as a condition to such agreement, Debtor has agreed to execute
the Installment Payment Plan Note of even date ("Note") and to enter into this
Agreement and make the pledge and assignment of collateral contemplated herein.

         NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, the mutual agreements
contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt,
adequacy, and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, and in order to
induce the Commission to permit Debtor to pay the auction price for the License
through the Installment Payment Plan, Debtor hereby agrees with the Commission
as follows:

         1. Pledge and Assignment of Collateral for Obligations Under Note.
Debtor hereby pledges, assigns, hypothecates, delivers, and sets over to the
Commission and grants to the Commission a first lien on and continuing security
interest in all of the Debtor's rights and interest in the License and all
proceeds, profits and products of any sale of or other disposition thereof
(collectively the "Collateral"), all as collateral security for the prompt and
complete payment when due (whether in accordance with the schedule of payments,
at the


<PAGE>


stated maturity, by acceleration, or otherwise) of the unpaid principal and
interest due, and such other additional costs, expenses, late charges,
administrative charges, attorneys fees, and default payments assessable under
the terms of the Note (all collectively "Obligations"). It is expressly
understood by Debtor that all of the terms of the Note apply to this Agreement
and that reference herein to "this Agreement" includes both the Security
Agreement herein and the Note. For purposes of interpreting the terms used in
this Agreement shall have the meaning ascribed to them in the Uniform Commercial
Code (Official Text and Comments, American Law Institute).

         2. Interest of Commission. It is understood and acknowledged by Debtor
that pursuant to Section 301 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, the
Commission is charged with the regulatory mandate to maintain control over all
channels of radio transmission (the Spectrum"), and to provide licenses for the
use of such radio channels, but not ownership thereof. Debtor understands and
acknowledges that it holds a mere conditional license to use the Spectrum with
no ownership interest in the Collateral (or any underlying right to use the
Spectrum), or any power to assign the License without the prior approval of the
Commission pursuant to Section 310(d) of the Communications Act of 1934, as
amended. Debtor further understands and acknowledges that it is giving a
security interest to the Commission in the Collateral only to assist the
Commission in protecting its ability to enforce the Commission's regulations
which condition holding the license in compliance with all then-applicable
orders and regulations of the Commission, including, but not limited to, full
and timely payment of all payments under the Installment Payment Plan. To that
end, and not in derogation of any of the Commission's regulatory authority over
the License, Debtor hereby acknowledges that the Commission has a first security
interest in the Collateral, and Debtor shall not dispute such first security
interest, or the Commission's rights as a secured party hereunder, in any legal
or equitable proceeding in which Debtor, or any assignee or trustee of the
estate of Debtor in bankruptcy, is a party. Nothing set forth herein shall
preclude the Debtor from granting to other parties a subordinated security
interest limited to a subordinated interest in the proceeds arising from an
authorized assignment or transfer of the License to a third party (hereinafter a
"Subordinated Security Interest"), provided however that any such Subordinated
Security Interest shall be subordinated to and in no way inconsistent with the
Commission's first security interest in the Collateral, including but not
limited to the proceeds of any disposition of the License, and further provided
that said Subordinated Security Interest shall not survive if the License is
rescinded, canceled, or revoked by regulatory action of the Commission for
violation of the terms and conditions of the License, including but not limited
to regulatory action upon a default under this Agreement pursuant to 47 C.F. R.
ss. 1.2110. The Debtor shall provide to the Commission upon request the name and
address of any party with a Subordinated Security Interest in the proceeds of
any disposition of the License, and a copy of any documents setting forth such a
Subordinated Security Interest.

         3. Compliance with Commission Orders and Regulations. Nothing in this
Agreement shall be deemed to modify any then-applicable orders and regulations
of the Commission, and nothing in the Agreement shall be deemed to release
Debtor from compliance therewith.

                                     Page 2

<PAGE>


         4. Representations and Warranties of Debtor.  Debtor represents and
warrants to the Commission as follows:

                  (a) It has full power, authority and legal right to execute,
         deliver and perform this Agreement, the Note, and any other documents
         delivered in connection with the Note, this Agreement and the
         transactions contemplated therein, to make the debt transaction
         evidenced by the Note, and to pledge the Collateral pursuant to this
         Agreement.

                  (b) It is a duly organized corporation, existing in good
         standing under the laws of Nevada and is duly qualified to do business
         wherever necessary to carry on its present operations. Its principal
         place of business and chief executive office are located at 124 East
         Main Street, P.O. Box 458, Ephrata, PA 17522-0458.


                  (c) The representative of Debtor purporting to act on behalf
         of Debtor in executing this Agreement, the Note and any other documents
         delivered in connection with the Note, this Agreement and the
         transactions contemplated therein, is duly authorized by Debtor to take
         all such acts and to execute all such documents.

                  (d) No security agreements have been executed and delivered,
         and no financing statements have been filed in any jurisdiction,
         granting or purporting to grant a security interest in the Collateral
         that would give any other person any right or interest in the
         Collateral, or any portion thereof, except for a Subordinated Security
         Interest, as defined herein, and that no person has a secured interest
         that is or will be in any way inconsistent with the rights of the
         Commission herein as the first secured party or the terms of this
         Agreement.

                  (e) No consent of any other party and no consent, license,
         approval or authorization of, exemption by, or registration or
         declaration with, any governmental instrumentality, domestic or foreign
         other than the Commission, is required to be obtained in connection
         with the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the Note
         or any other document executed and delivered in connection with the
         delivery of the Note or this Agreement.

                  (f) The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement
         and the Note does not and will not violate any provision of any
         applicable law or regulation or any order, judgment, writ, award or
         decree of any court, arbitrator, governmental instrumentality, domestic
         or foreign, or of any indenture, contract, agreement or other
         undertaking to which Debtor is a party or which purports to be binding
         upon Debtor or upon any of Debtor's assets, and will not result in the
         creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance on or
         security interest in any of the assets of Debtor, except as
         contemplated by this Agreement.

                                     Page 3

<PAGE>

                 (g) Debtor will not permit any financing statement to be filed
         with respect to the Collateral or any portion thereof or interest
         therein that would give said any other person a right to any interest
         in the Collateral, or any portion thereof, except that Debtor may
         permit a third party to file a Subordinated Security Interest, as
         defined herein, so long as said Subordinated Security Interest, is not
         in any way inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement and the rights
         of the Commission herein as the first secured party. Debtor will
         promptly notify Secured Party of, and will defend the Collateral
         against, all claims and demands of all persons at any time claiming the
         same or any interest therein that would give any other person a right
         or any interest in the Collateral not subordinated to the rights of the
         Commission herein as the first secured party, or that is in any way
         inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement.

         5.  Covenants of Debtor.  Debtor hereby covenants and agrees as
follows:

                  (a) That it will defend the Commission's right, title and
         security interest in and to the Collateral against the claims and
         demands of all persons whomsoever.

                  (b) That it will execute all financing statements and other
         instruments or documents related to the perfection of the Commission's
         security interest, including but not limited to any renewal financing
         statements or instruments as required to maintain the Commission's
         security interest, or as otherwise reasonably requested by the
         Commission, and to file and pay the cost of filing any such instruments
         or documents as required under this paragraph in whichever public
         office deemed advisable by the Commission.

                  (c) That it will not make any indenture, contract, agreement
         or other undertaking to which Debtor is a party or which purports to be
         binding upon Debtor, or upon any of Debtor's assets, that would result
         in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance on or
         security interest in any of the assets of Debtor that would give any
         other person a right or any interest in the Collateral, or any portion
         thereof, except for a Subordinated Security Interest, as defined
         herein, provided that such Subordinated Security Agreement is not
         inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement and interest of the
         Commission as the first secured party.

                  (d) That it will pay all costs and expenses, including
         reasonable attorney's fees, of the Commission incurred in connection
         with the enforcement of this Agreement and any and all liability
         incurred by the Commission resulting from any act or omission of Debtor
         with respect to the Collateral and this Agreement.

                  (e) Debtor will execute, alone or with Secured Party, any
         document, will procure any document and do all other acts and pay all
         connected costs, in a timely and proper manner, which from the
         character or use of the Collateral may be reasonably necessary to
         protect the Collateral against the rights, claims or interests of third
         persons, and will otherwise preserve the Collateral as security
         hereunder. The specific undertakings required of Debtor in this
         Agreement shall not be construed to exclude the aforementioned general
         obligation.

                                     Page 4

<PAGE>


         6. Power of Attorney. Debtor hereby irrevocably constitutes and
appoints the Commission and any officer or agent thereof, with full power of
substitution, as its true and lawful attorney-in-fact with full irrevocable
power and authority in the place and stead of Debtor and in the name of Debtor
or in its own name, from time to time in the Commission's discretion, for the
purpose of carrying out the terms of this Agreement and, to the extent permitted
by applicable law, to take any and all appropriate actions and to execute any
and all documents and instruments which may be necessary or desirable to
accomplish the purposes of this Agreement. Such appointment is a power coupled
with an interest until all Obligations have been paid in full by Debtor.

         7. Event of Default.  Debtor shall be in default under this Agreement
if an Event of Default (as defined in the Note) has occurred.

         8. Remedies. If an Event of Default shall occur, the Commission shall
thereafter have the following rights and remedies (to the extent permitted by
applicable law) in addition to the rights and remedies relating to the Note, all
such remedies being cumulative, not exclusive, and enforceable alternatively,
successively or concurrently at such time or times as Commission deems
expedient:

                  (a) the License shall be automatically canceled pursuant to
         47 C.F.R. ss. 1,2110;

                  (b) all Obligations secured hereunder shall become immediately
         due and payable without presentment, demand, protest, further notice,
         or other requirements of any kind;

                  (c) the Commission may demand, sue for, and collect the
         outstanding balance of the unpaid Obligations, and make any compromise,
         or settlement the Commission deems suitable with respect to any
         Collateral which may be held by it hereunder;

                  (d) Debtor hereby acknowledges the Commission's authority,
         pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and the
         Commission's orders and regulations then-applicable to such licenses,
         to conduct another public auction or assign the License in the event
         that the Commission rescinds, cancels, or revokes the License for any
         default under this Agreement or any other violation of the terms and
         conditions of the License. The Undersigned hereby waives all notices
         prior to the conduct of said public auction or assignment by the
         Commission or its agents. Debtor further acknowledges that in the event
         that the Commission rescinds, cancels, or revokes the License for any
         default under this Agreement or any other violation of the terms and
         conditions of the License, Debtor has no right or interest in any
         moneys or evidence of indebtedness given to the Commission by a
         subsequent licensee of the Spectrum and that all such moneys or
         evidence of indebtedness are, and shall remain, the full property of
         the Federal Treasury, pursuant to Section 309(i) of the Communications
         Act of 1934, as amended, and then-applicable Commission orders and
         regulations.

                                     Page 5


<PAGE>

                  (e) In addition to other remedies hereunder, Debtor shall
         remain liable, and obligated to pay on demand, all costs of collection
         and reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses incurred or paid by the
         Commission in enforcing this Agreement including, without limitation,
         all administrative fees and expenses of the Commission in attempting to
         collect the Obligations or to enforce this Agreement, or the
         prosecution or defense of any action or proceeding related to the
         subject matter of this Agreement, and all payments assessed by the
         Commission in the event of default as specified in Commission orders
         and regulations applicable to such licenses.

                  (f) Debtor hereby acknowledges that the Commission has no
         adequate remedy at law with respect to a breach of any covenant
         contained in this Agreement and, as a consequence, agrees that each and
         every covenant contained in this Agreement shall be specifically
         enforceable against Debtor and Debtor hereby waives and agrees not to
         assert any defense against an action for specific performance of such
         covenants.

                  (g) Secured Party may exercise any and all of the rights and
         remedies conferred upon Secured Party by this Agreement, and other loan
         documents, or by applicable law, either concurrently or in such order
         as Secured Party may determine.

                  (h) Secured Party may make such payments and do such acts as
         Secured Party may deem necessary to protect its security interest in
         the Collateral.

`        (i) the Commission may exercise any remedies of a Secured Party under
         the Uniform Commercial Code (Official Text and Comments, American Law
         Institute), or any other applicable law.

                  (j) Secured Party shall have the right to enforce one or more
         remedies hereunder or under the Note, successively or concurrently, and
         such action shall not operate to estop or prevent Secured Party from
         pursuing any further remedy which it may have.

         9. Severability. Any provision of this Agreement that is prohibited or
unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective
to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the
remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any
jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any
other jurisdiction.

         10. No Waiver: Cumulative Remedies. None of the terms or provisions of
this Agreement may be waived, altered, modified or amended except by an
instrument in writing, duly executed by the Commission. The Commission shall not
by any act, delay, omission or otherwise be deemed to have waived any of its
rights or remedies under this Agreement, and no waiver shall be valid unless in
writing, signed by the Commission, and then only to the extent herein set forth.
A waiver by the Commission of any right or remedy under this Agreement on any
one occasion shall not be construed as a bar to any right or remedy which the
Commission

                                     Page 6

<PAGE>


would otherwise have on any future occasion. No failure to exercise nor any
delay in exercising on the part of the Commission, any right, power or privilege
under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof; not shall any single or
partial exercise of any right, power or privilege under this Agreement preclude
any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right power
or privilege. The rights and remedies provided in this Agreement are cumulative
and may be exercised singly or concurrently and are not exclusive of any rights
or remedies provided by law.

         11. Compliance With Other Applicable Orders and Regulations. Debtor
recognizes that its continued retention of the License, and rights to operate as
a Commission licensee thereunder, are conditioned upon compliance with all
Commission orders and regulations applicable to the License and the
Communications Act of 1934, as amended. Debtor further recognizes that full and
timely payment as set forth in the Note does not otherwise relieve it of its
obligations otherwise to comply with the then-applicable orders and regulations
of the Commission, and the Communications Act of 1934, as amended.

         12.  Applicable Law.  This Agreement shall be governed by and construed
in accordance with Communications Act of 1934, as amended, then-applicable
Commission orders and regulations, as amended, and federal law.

         13. Successors, Assigns, Designated Agents. Subject to the provision of
Section 2 of this Agreement regarding the restriction upon Debtor's ability to
assign the License, this Agreement shall be binding upon Debtor, its successors
and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the Commission, and its successors
and assign. The Commission may designate agents other than the Commission to act
on its behalf with respect to any and all rights and remedies of the Commission
under this Agreement or the Note, and such designee shall have all of the
rights, powers and remedies available to the Commission within the scope of its
designation. Nothing herein, however, shall be construed as granting Debtor any
right to sell or assign the License.

         14. Singular and Plural. Wherever used, the singular number shall
include the plural, the plural shall include the singular, and the use of any
gender shall be applicable to all genders.

         15. Financing Statements. To the extent permitted by applicable law,
Debtor authorizes the Commission to sign and file financing statements at any
time with respect to any of the Collateral without the signature of Debtor.
Debtor will, however, at the same time and from time to time, execute such
financing statements, agreements and other instruments and perform such acts as
Commission may request in order to establish and maintain a validly perfected
first priority security interest in the Collateral. All reasonable costs of
filing and recording will be paid by Debtor.

         16.  Indemnification.  Debtor hereby agrees to defend, indemnify and
hold harmless Secured Party and its employees, officers and agents, from and
against any and all liabilities, claims and obligations which may be incurred,
asserted or imposed upon them or any of them as a result of or in connection
with any use, operation, lease or consumption of any of the Collateral

                                     Page 7


<PAGE>


or as a result of Secured Party's seeking to obtain performance of any of the
obligations due with respect to the Collateral.

         17. Notices. All notices, requests and demands hereunder shall be in
writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given, made or served on the
earliest of (i) three (3) business days after the date mailed if sent by
first-class U.S. mail postage prepaid, (ii) actual delivery thereof if delivered
by hand to the party to be notified, (iii) receipt thereof if sent by express
mail or other overnight courier service, or (iv) transmission to the telecopier
number listed below for the party to be notified if sent within normal business
hours or, otherwise, on the next business day thereafter. In each case such
notification with respect to the Debtor and the Commission shall be addressed as
set forth below or as may be hereafter designed by the respective parties
hereto.

As to Debtor:                                 With a copy to:
- ------------
         D & E Investments, Inc.                       Robert E. Stup, Jr.
         1325 Airnative Way                            Fleischman and Walsh, LLP
         Suite 130                                     1400 Sixteenth St., NW
         Reno, NV 89502                                Suite 600
         Attn: Janice C. George                        Washington, DC 20036


As to the Commission:             U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY
- ---------------------             P.O. BOX 44093
                                  WASHINGTON, D.C. 20026-4093
                                  ATTN: FCC-FMS/DEBT MANAGEMENT SERVICE

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly
executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written.

    DEBTOR:                               D & E Investments, Inc.
    -------


           Date: March 28, 1997           By: /s/ Donald R. Kaufmann
                                              --------------------------------
                               Donald R. Kaufmann

                        Its: Chief Executive Officer and
                                                  Chairman of the Board
                                               -------------------------------

    FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
    ---------------------------------


            Date: 3/28/97                 By: /s/ Marilyn J. McDermott
                 ---------                    --------------------------------


                        Its: Associate Managing Director
                          for Operations (or Designee)


                                     Page 8




                                                                   Exhibit 10.5

                        FIFTH AMENDMENT TO NOTE AGREEMENT
                       ---------------------------------


THIS FIFTH AMENDMENT dated as of April 1, 1997 (the "Fifth Amendment") to the
Note Agreement dated as of November 15, 1991 (the "Original Note Agreement") is
by and between DENVER AND EPHRATA TELEPHONE COMPANY, a Pennslyvania corporation
(the "Company" and ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY (the "Noteholder").

                                   RECITALS:

1.  The Company and the Noteholder have heretofore entered into the Original
    Note Agreement and various amendments thereto (the Original Note Agreement
    and such various amendments being hereinafter collectively referred to as
    the "Note Agreement").

2.  The Company and the Noteholder now desire to amend the Note Agreement in the
    respects, but only in the respects, hereinafter set forth.

3.  Capitalized terms used herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed
    thereto in the Note Agreement unless herein defined or the context shall
    otherwise require.

4.  All requirements of law have been fully complied with and all other acts and
    things necessary to make this Fifth Amendment a valid, legal and binding
    instrument according to its terms for the purposes therein expressed have
    been done or performed.

NOW THEREFORE, the Company and the Noteholder, in consideration of $10.00 and
other good and valuable consideration the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged
to hereby agree as follows:

Section 1. AMENDMENTS

Section 1.1 Limitations on Funded Debt

         Section 5.7(a) of the Note Agreement is hereby amended in its entirety
to read as follows:

         "The Company will keep and maintain Consolidated Funded Debt at an
aggregate amount that (1) at all times prior to November 30, 1997 shall not
exceed 55% of the sum of (a) Consolidated Funded Debt plus (b) Consolidated
Tangible Net worth and (2) at all times on or after November 30, 1997 shall not
exceed 50% of the sum of (a) Consolidated Funded Debt plus (b) Consolidated
Tangible Net Worth; provided that for purposes of any determination of
Consolidated Funded Debt pursuant to this Section 5.7, if there shall not have
been a period of 60 consecutive days during the twelve-month period immediately
preceding the date of any determination hereunder during which the Company and
its Subsidiaries shall have been free of all Consolidated Current Debt, then the
average of the aggregate unpaid principal amounts of Consolidated Current Debt
outstanding on the last day of each month of the fiscal year most recently ended
shall be deemed to constitute Consolidated Funded Debt for purposes of such
determination."

Section 1.2 Definition of Funded Debt

         Section 8.1 definition of "Funded Debt" is amended to change the last
sentence of the definition as follows:

         "But in any event the calculation of Funded Debt will not include up to
$3.4 million of debt guaranteed to Overseas Private Investment Corporation for
the Hungarian project until June 30, 1997."


<PAGE>


Section 2. MISCELLANEOUS

Section 2.1 The Fifth Amendment shall be construed in connection with and as
part of the Note Agreement, and all terms, conditions and covenants contained in
the Note Agreement shall be and remain in full force and effect.

Section 2.2 Any and all notices, requests, certificates and other instruments
executed and delivered after the execution and delivery of this Fifth Amendment
may refer to the Note Agreement without making specific reference to this Fifth
Amendment but nevertheless all such references shall include this Fifth
Amendment unless the context otherwise requires.

Section 2.3 The descriptive headings of the various Sections or parts of this
Fifth Amendment are for convenience only and shall not affect the meaning or
construction of any of the provisions hereof.

Section 2.4 This Fifth Amendment shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with Pennsylvania law.

Section 2.5 The execution hereof by the undersigned shall constitute a contract
between the parties hereto for the uses and purposes hereinabove set forth, and
this Fifth Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts, each
executed counterpart constituting an original but all together only one
agreement.


THE PARTIES HERETO execute this Fifth Amendment effective April 1, 1997.



                                     DENVER AND EPHRATA TELEPHONE AND
                                     TELEGRAPH COMPANY

                                     BY: /s/ Thomas E. Morell
                                         ---------------------------------------
                                               Its Treasurer
 
                                     ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

                                     BY: 
                                         --------------------------------------

                                     BY: /s/ Judith P. Greffin
                                         ---------------------------------------
                                              Its Authorized Signatories








                                                                    Exhibit 10.6




                       FOURTH AMENDMENT TO NOTE AGREEMENT

THIS FOURTH AMENDMENT dated as of April 1, 1997 (the "Fourth Amendment") to the
Note Agreement dated as of January 14, 1994 (the "Original Note Agreement") is
by and between DENVER AND EPHRATA TELEPHONE COMPANY, a Pennsylvania corporation
(the "Company") and ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY (the "Noteholder").

                                   RECITALS:

1.  The Company and the Noteholder have heretofore entered into the Original
    Note Agreement and various amendments thereto (the Original Note Agreement
    and such various amendments being hereinafter collectively referred to as
    the "Note Agreement").

2.  The Company and the Noteholder now desire to amend the Note Agreement in the
    respects, but only in the respects, hereinafter set forth.

3.  Capitalized terms used herein shall have the respective meanings ascribed
    thereto in the Note Agreement unless herein defined or the context shall
    otherwise require.

4.  All requirements of law have been fully complied with and all other acts and
    things necessary to make this Fourth Amendment a valid, legal and binding
    instrument according to its terms for the purposes therein expresssed have
    been done or performed.

NOW THEREFORE, the Company and the Noteholder, in consideration of $10.00 and
other good and valuable consideration the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged
do hereby agree as follows:

Section 1.  AMENDMENT

Section 1.1 Limitations on Funded Debt

         Section 5.7(a) of the Note Agreement is hereby amended in its entirety
to read as follows:


         "The Company will keep and maintain Consolidated Funded Debt at an
aggregate amount that (1) at all times prior to November 30, 1997 shall not
exceed 55% of the sum of (a) Consolidated Funded Debt plus (b) Consolidated
Tangible Net Worth and (2) at all times on or after November 30, 1997 shall not
exceed 50% of the sum of (a) Consolidated Funded Debt plus (b) Consolidated
Tangible Net Worth; provided that for purposes of any determination of
Consolidated Funded Debt pursuant to this Section 5.7, if there shall not have
been a period of 60 consecutive days during the twelve-month period immediately
preceding the date of any determination hereunder during which the Company and
its Subsidiaries shall have been free of all Consolidated Current Debt, then the
average of the aggregate unpaid principal amounts of Consolidated Current Debt
outstanding on the last day of each month of the fiscal year most recently ended
shall be deemed to constitute Consolidated Funded Debt for purposes of such
determination."


<PAGE>


Section 1.2  Definition of Funded Debt.

         Section 8.1 definition of "Funded Debt" is amended to change the last
sentence of the definition as follows:

         "But in any event the calculation of Funded Debt will not include up to
$3.4 million of debt guaranteed to Overseas Private Investment Corporation for
the Hungarian project until June 30, 1997."

<PAGE>




Section 2.  MISCELLANEOUS

Section 2.1 The Fourth Amendment shall be construed in connection with and as
part of the Note Agreement, and all terms, conditions and covenants contained in
the Note Agreement shall be and remain in full force and effect.

Section 2.2 Any and all notices, requests, certificates and other instruments
executed and delivered after the execution and delivery of this Fourth Amendment
may refer to the Note Agreement without making specific reference to this Fourth
Amendment but nevertheless all such references shall include this Fourth
Amendment unless the context otherwise requires.

Section 2.3 The descriptive headings of the various Sections or parts of this
Fourth Amendment are for convenience only and shall not affect the meaning or
construction of any of the provisions hereof.

Section 2.4 This Fourth Amendment shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with Pennsylvania law.

Section 2.5 The execution hereof by the undersigned shall constitute a contract
between the parties hereto for the uses and purposes hereinabove set forth, and
this Fourth Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts, each
executed counterpart constituting an original but all together only one
agreement.



<PAGE>



THE PARTIES HERETO execute this Fourth Amendment effective April 1, 1997.


                                  DENVER AND EPHRATA TELEPHONE AND
                                  TELEGRAPH COMPANY


                                  BY: /s/ Thomas E. Morell
                                      ---------------------------------

                                        Its        Treasurer
                                            ---------------------------


                                  ALLSTATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY



                                  BY:
                                      ---------------------------------

                                  BY: /s/ Judith P. Greffin
                                      ---------------------------------
                                         Its Authorized Signatories




<TABLE> <S> <C>


<ARTICLE>                                           UT
<LEGEND>
     THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
EXTRACTED FROM STATEMENTS OF INCOME, BALANCE SHEETS AND
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY
BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>

<MULTIPLIER>                                   1
<CURRENCY>                                    U.S. Dollars
       
<S>                             <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE>                   3-MOS
<FISCAL-YEAR-END>                              DEC-31-1997
<PERIOD-START>                                 JAN-01-1997
<PERIOD-END>                                   MAR-31-1997
<EXCHANGE-RATE>                                1
<BOOK-VALUE>                                   PER-BOOK
<TOTAL-NET-UTILITY-PLANT>                      64,039,529
<OTHER-PROPERTY-AND-INVEST>                    9,954,631
<TOTAL-CURRENT-ASSETS>                         12,758,540
<TOTAL-DEFERRED-CHARGES>                       370,328
<OTHER-ASSETS>                                 1,648,737
<TOTAL-ASSETS>                                 109,948,560
<COMMON>                                       922,676
<CAPITAL-SURPLUS-PAID-IN>                      9,980,455
<RETAINED-EARNINGS>                            35,481,581
<TOTAL-COMMON-STOCKHOLDERS-EQ>                 45,433,972
                          0
                                    1,445,600
<LONG-TERM-DEBT-NET>                           36,768,767
<SHORT-TERM-NOTES>                             7,318,000
<LONG-TERM-NOTES-PAYABLE>                      0
<COMMERCIAL-PAPER-OBLIGATIONS>                 0
<LONG-TERM-DEBT-CURRENT-PORT>                  1,222,453
                      0
<CAPITAL-LEASE-OBLIGATIONS>                    0
<LEASES-CURRENT>                               0
<OTHER-ITEMS-CAPITAL-AND-LIAB>                 17,761,768
<TOT-CAPITALIZATION-AND-LIAB>                  109,948,560
<GROSS-OPERATING-REVENUE>                      11,778,410
<INCOME-TAX-EXPENSE>                           607,400
<OTHER-OPERATING-EXPENSES>                     9,585,414
<TOTAL-OPERATING-EXPENSES>                     10,192,814
<OPERATING-INCOME-LOSS>                        1,585,596
<OTHER-INCOME-NET>                             61,154
<INCOME-BEFORE-INTEREST-EXPEN>                 1,524,442
<TOTAL-INTEREST-EXPENSE>                       617,988
<NET-INCOME>                                   890,191
                    16,263
<EARNINGS-AVAILABLE-FOR-COMM>                  890,191
<COMMON-STOCK-DIVIDENDS>                       557,247
<TOTAL-INTEREST-ON-BONDS>                      0
<CASH-FLOW-OPERATIONS>                         3,371,554
<EPS-PRIMARY>                                  0.15
<EPS-DILUTED>                                  0.15
        


</TABLE>


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