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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 7, 2000
Registration No. 333-
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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EXODUS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware 77-0403076
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)
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2831 Mission College Boulevard
Santa Clara, California 95054
(408) 346-2200
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
Registrant's principal executive offices)
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Adam W. Wegner
General Counsel
Exodus Communications, Inc.
2831 Mission College Boulevard
Santa Clara, California 95054
(408) 346-2200
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of agent for service)
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Copies to:
David Healy, Esq.
Craig A. Menden, Esq.
Fenwick & West LLP
Two Palo Alto Square
Palo Alto, CA 94306
(650) 494-0600
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time
to time after this registration statement becomes effective. If the only
securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend
or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. [_]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. [X]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [_]
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CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Proposed Proposed
Title of Each Class of Amount Maximum Maximum Amount of
Securities to be to be Offering Price Aggregate registration
Registered Registered Per Share(1) Offering Price Fee
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<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock, $0.001 par
value per share(2).... 393,368 $116 $45,630,688 $12,047
</TABLE>
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(1) Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(c) solely for the purpose of calculating the
registration fee, based on the average of the high and low prices of the
Registrant's common stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market on
April 4, 2000.
(2) Associated with Exodus Common Stock are preferred stock purchase rights
which will not be exercisable or evidenced separately from the Common Stock
prior to the occurrence of specified triggering events.
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or
dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration
Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of
the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become
effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said section 8(a),
may determine.
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SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 7, 2000
PROSPECTUS
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We
may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an
offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these
securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
EXODUS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
Up to 393,368 Shares of Common Stock
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The 393,368 shares of common stock covered by this prospectus were
previously issued by Exodus in connection with its acquisition of Key Labs,
Inc. These shares may be offered and sold over time by the stockholders named
in this prospectus under the heading "Selling Stockholders," by their pledgees
or donees, or by other transferees that receive the ordinary shares in
transfers other than public sales.
The selling stockholders may sell their Exodus shares in the open market at
prevailing market prices, or in private transactions at negotiated prices. They
may sell the shares directly, or may sell them through underwriters, brokers or
dealers. Underwriters, brokers, or dealers may receive discounts, concessions
or commissions from the selling stockholders or from the purchaser, and this
compensation might be in excess of the compensation customary in the type of
transaction involved. See "Plan of Distribution."
We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these shares.
Our common stock currently trades on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "EXDS." The last reported sale price on , 2000 was $ per
share.
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Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Please
carefully consider the "Risk Factors" beginning on page 3 of this prospectus.
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the
adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is
a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2000
In connection with this offering, no person is authorized to give any
information or to make any representations not contained in this prospectus. If
information is given or representations are made, you may not rely on that
information or representations as having been authorized by us. This prospectus
is neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation of an offer to buy any
securities other than those registered by this prospectus, nor is it an offer
to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy securities where an offer or
solicitation would be unlawful. You may not imply from the delivery of this
prospectus, nor from any sale made under this prospectus, that our affairs are
unchanged since the date of this prospectus or that the information contained
in this prospectus is correct as of any time after the date of this prospectus.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Summary........................... 1 Selling Stockholders................. 13
Recent Events..................... 2 Plan of Distribution................. 14
Risk Factors...................... 3 Legal Matters........................ 15
Use of Proceeds................... 12 Experts.............................. 15
Dilution.......................... Where You Can Find More Information.. 15
</TABLE>
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This prospectus includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. When used in this prospectus, the words "anticipate,"
"believe," "estimate," "will," "may," "intend" and "expect" and similar
expressions identify certain of such forward-looking statements. Although we
believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in such forward-
looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such plans,
intentions or expectations will be achieved. Actual results, performance or
achievements could differ materially from those contemplated, expressed or
implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus.
Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our
forward-looking statements are set forth in this prospectus, including under
the heading "Risk Factors". These factors are not intended to represent a
complete list of the general or specific factors that may affect us. It should
be recognized that other factors, including general economic factors and
business strategies, may be significant, presently or in the future, and the
factors set forth herein may affect us to a greater extent than indicated. All
forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf
are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements set
forth herein. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update
any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future
events or otherwise.
Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms "we," "our," "us," "the
company" and "Exodus" refer to Exodus Communications, Inc., a Delaware
corporation.
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SUMMARY
Exodus Communications is a leading provider of complex Internet hosting for
enterprises with mission-critical Internet operations. We offer sophisticated
system and network management solutions, along with technology professional
services to provide optimal performance for customers' Web sites. Exodus
delivers its services from geographically distributed, state-of-the-art
Internet Data Centers that are connected through a high-performance dedicated
and redundant backbone network. Our tailored solutions are designed to
integrate with existing enterprise systems architectures and to enable
customers to outsource the monitoring, administration and optimization of their
equipment, applications and overall Internet operations. As of December 31,
1999, we had over 2,200 customers under contract and managed over 27,000
customer servers worldwide. Our customers represent a variety of industries,
ranging from Internet leaders, to major enterprise customers. Yahoo!, USA
TODAY.com, weather.com , priceline.com, British Airways and Nordstrom are just
a few of the growing number of companies selecting Exodus as their complex Web
hosting provider.
Internet usage is growing rapidly and businesses are increasing the breadth
and depth of their Internet product and services offerings. These Internet
operations are mission-critical for Internet-centric businesses and are
becoming increasingly mission-critical for many enterprises. In order to ensure
the quality, reliability, availability and redundancy of these mission-critical
Internet operations, corporate IT departments must make substantial investments
in facilities, personnel, equipment and networks which must be continuously
upgraded to reflect changing technologies and must rapidly scale as the
enterprise grows. This recurring and significant investment is an inefficient
use of resources and, as a result, a significant need exists for outsourcing
arrangements that can increase performance, provide continuous operation of
Internet solutions and reduce Internet operating expenses. We believe a
significant opportunity exists for a highly focused company to provide a
combination of server hosting, Internet connectivity and managed and
professional services that will enable reliable, high performance for mission-
critical Internet operations.
Exodus offers an integrated portfolio of solutions that provide customers
with a scalable, secure and high-performance platform for the development,
deployment and proactive management of mission-critical Internet operations.
Our server hosting and Internet connectivity services are offered through our
Internet Data Centers' redundant backbone network of multiple high speed OC-3
and OC-12 lines, along with our public and private network interconnections. We
continue to upgrade our network in order to accommodate expected traffic
growth. Our Managed Services include performance monitoring, site management
reports, data backup, content delivery and management services, security
services and Professional Services. These services provide the foundation for
high performance, availability, scalability and reliability of customers'
mission-critical Internet operations. In addition, we integrate best-of-breed
technologies from leading vendors with our industry expertise and proprietary
technology.
Our objective is to become the leading provider of Internet system and
network management solutions for enterprises with mission-critical Internet
operations. To achieve this objective, we intend to:
. Position Exodus as the leader in this market
. Focus on enhancing systems and network management, Internet technology
services and professional services
. Accelerate our global expansion
. Leverage our expertise to address new market opportunities
. Continue to establish strategic relationships for distribution and
technology
We began offering server hosting and Internet connectivity services in late
1995, opened our first dedicated Internet Data Center in August 1996, and
introduced Managed Services in 1997 and Professional Services in 1998. We
currently operate Internet Data Centers located in nine metropolitan areas in
the United States: Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York,
Seattle, Silicon Valley and
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Washington, D.C. In addition, we opened our first Internet Data Center outside
of the United States in the London metropolitan area in June 1999, and the
second in Tokyo, Japan in December 1999.
We expanded our solutions and services by acquiring providers of Internet
technologies--Arca Systems, American Information Systems, Cohesive Technology
Solutions, Service Metrics, Exodus Communications KK (formerly Global Online
Japan, Inc.) (sinjuku-ku), and KeyLabs, Inc. In October 1998, we purchased Arca
Systems, a provider of advanced network and system security consulting
services. In February 1999, to accelerate our launch into the Chicago
metropolitan area, we acquired American Information Systems, a regional
provider of co-location, Web hosting and professional services. In July 1999,
we acquired Cohesive Technology Solutions, a technology professional services
organization with expertise in networking, Web applications and technology
solutions. In November 1999, we acquired Service Metrics, an Internet
monitoring applications and services company. In December 1999, we acquired
Exodus Communications KK, an Internet solutions provider, through which we
offer complex Web hosting and a range of Managed and Professional Services in
the Japanese market. Finally, in February 2000, we acquired KeyLabs, Inc., a
provider of e-business testing services.
Recent Events
Investment in Mirror Image. In March 2000, we entered into a definitive
agreement to make a $637.5 million investment in the common stock of Mirror
Image Internet, Inc. ("Mirror Image"), a provider of content distribution
services. $75.0 million of the investment will be paid in cash, with the
balance of the consideration consisting of 3,758,268 shares of our common
stock. We agreed to register the resale of those shares. This agreement is
expected to close by May 2000. We also entered into a commercial agreement to
offer Mirror Image's content distribution services and to deploy Mirror Image
Content Access Point architecture throughout our Internet Data Center network.
Acquisition of KeyLabs. On February 10, 2000, we acquired KeyLabs, a leading
Internet provider of stress and load testing services, based in Utah. As a
result, we issued approximately 494,785 shares of our common stock and common
stock subject to options, in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of
KeyLabs common stock and common stock subject to outstanding options,
representing an aggregate consideration of approximately $43,108,143 as of the
signing of the definitive agreement in January, 2000. The transaction was
accounted for as a purchase.
Our principal executive offices are located at 2831 Mission College Blvd.,
Santa Clara, California 95054. Our telephone number is (408) 346-2200.
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RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the following risks before making an
investment decision. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together
with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in
this prospectus, before you decide to purchase shares of our common stock.
These factors could cause our future results to differ materially from those
expressed or implied in forward-looking statements made by us. The risks and
uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks
and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem
immaterial may also harm our business. The trading price of our common stock
could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your
investment.
Our short operating history and heavy losses make our business difficult to
evaluate
Our limited operating history makes evaluating our business operations and
our prospects difficult. We began offering server hosting and Internet
connectivity services in 1995, opened our first dedicated Internet Data Center
in August 1996 and introduced managed services in 1997 and professional
services in 1998. Due to our short operating history, our business model is
still evolving. We have incurred operating losses and negative cash flows each
fiscal quarter and year since 1995. Our accumulated deficit was approximately
$228.2 million at December 31, 1999. We anticipate continuing to make
significant investments in new Internet Data Centers and network
infrastructure, product development, sales and marketing programs and
personnel. We believe that we will continue to experience net losses on a
quarterly and annual basis for the foreseeable future. We may also use
significant amounts of cash and/or equity to acquire complementary businesses,
products, services or technologies. Although we have experienced significant
growth in revenues in recent periods, this growth rate is not necessarily
indicative of future operating results. It is possible that we may never
achieve profitability on a quarterly or an annual basis.
Our operating results have fluctuated widely and we expect this to continue
We have experienced significant fluctuations in our results of operations on
a quarterly and an annual basis. We expect to continue to experience
significant fluctuations due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside
of our control, including:
. demand for and market acceptance of our services;
. reliable continuity of service and network availability;
. the ability to increase bandwidth as necessary, both on our network and
at our interconnection points with other networks;
. costs related to the acquisition of network capacity and arrangements for
interconnections with third-party networks;
. customer retention and satisfaction;
. capacity utilization of our Internet Data Centers;
. the timing, magnitude and integration of acquisitions of complementary
businesses and assets;
. the timing of customer installations;
. the provision of customer discounts and credits;
. the mix of services sold by us;
. the timing and success of marketing efforts and service introductions by
us and our competitors;
. the timing and magnitude of capital expenditures, including construction
costs relating to the expansion of operations;
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. the timing of expansion of existing Internet Data Centers and completion
of new Internet Data Centers, including obtaining necessary permits and
adequate public utility power;
. the introduction by third parties of new Internet and networking
technologies;
. changes in our pricing policies and those of our competitors;
. fluctuations in bandwidth used by customers; and
. licenses and permits required to construct facilities, deploy networking
infrastructure or operate in the United States and foreign countries.
In addition, a relatively large portion of our expenses are fixed in the
short-term, particularly with respect to telecommunications, depreciation,
substantial interest expenses, real estate and personnel. Therefore, our
results of operations are particularly sensitive to fluctuations in revenues.
Furthermore, if we were to become unable to continue leveraging third-party
products in our services offerings, our product development costs could
increase significantly. Finally, many of our customers are emerging growth
companies which may have negative cash flows, and there is the possibility that
we will not be able to collect receivables on a timely basis.
Our rapid expansion produces a significant strain on our business and requires
us to expend substantial resources
The expansion of our network through the opening of additional Internet Data
Centers in geographically diverse locations is one of our key strategies. We
currently have 17 Internet Data Centers located in nine metropolitan areas of
the United States: Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York,
Seattle, Silicon Valley and Washington, D.C. In June 1999, we opened our first
Internet Data Center outside of the United States in the London metropolitan
area. In December 1999, we acquired GOL, which has an Internet Data Center
located in Tokyo. To expand successfully, we must be able to assess markets,
locate and secure new Internet Data Center sites, install telecommunications
circuits and equipment and Internet Data Center facilities, and establish
additional interconnections with Internet service providers. To manage this
expansion effectively, we must continue to improve our operational and
financial systems and expand, train and manage our employee base. Our inability
to establish additional Internet Data Centers or effectively manage our
expansion would have a material adverse effect upon our business.
We expect to expend substantial resources for leases and/or the purchase of
real estate, significant improvements of facilities, purchase of complementary
businesses, assets and equipment, implementation of multiple telecommunications
connections and hiring of network, administrative, customer support and sales
and marketing personnel with the establishment of each new Internet Data
Center. Moreover, we expect to make additional significant investments in sales
and marketing and the development of new services as part of our expansion
strategy. The failure to generate sufficient cash flows or to raise sufficient
funds may require us to delay or abandon some or all of our development and
expansion plans or otherwise forego market opportunities, making it difficult
for us to generate additional revenue and to respond to competitive pressures.
In general, it takes us at least six months to select the appropriate
location for a new Internet Data Center, construct the necessary facilities,
install equipment and telecommunications infrastructure and hire operations and
sales personnel. Expenditures commence well before the Internet Data Center
opens, and it takes an extended period for us to approach break-even capacity
utilization. As a result, we expect that individual Internet Data Centers will
experience losses for in excess of one year from the time they are opened. We
incur further expenses from sales personnel hired to test market our services
in markets where there is no Internet Data Center. Growth in the number of our
Internet Data Centers is likely to increase the amount and duration of losses.
In addition, if we do not attract customers to new Internet Data Centers in a
timely manner, or at all, our business would be materially adversely affected.
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We compete with much larger companies and there are few barriers to entry, and
if we cannot compete effectively, we will lose business
Our market is intensely competitive. There are few substantial barriers to
entry, and we expect to face additional competition from existing competitors
and new market entrants in the future. Many companies have announced that they
intend to begin providing and/or greatly expand their service offerings that
are competitive with our services. The principal competitive factors in this
market include:
. the ability to deliver services when requested by the customer;
. Internet system engineering and other expertise;
. customer service;
. network capability, reliability, quality of service and scalability;
. the variety of services offered;
. access to network resources, including circuits, equipment and
interconnection capacity to other networks;
. broad geographic presence;
. price;
. the ability to maintain and expand distribution channels;
. brand name;
. the timing of introductions of new services;
. network security; and
. financial resources.
There can be no assurance that we will have the resources or expertise to
compete successfully in the future. Our current and potential competitors in
the market include:
. providers of server hosting services;
. national, foreign and regional ISPs;
. global, regional and local telecommunications companies and Regional Bell
Operating Companies;
. IT outsourcing firms; and
. other technology services and products companies.
Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources, more
customers, longer operating histories, greater name recognition and more
established relationships in the industry. As a result, these competitors may
be able to develop and expand their network infrastructures and service
offerings more quickly, devote greater resources to the marketing and sale of
their products and adopt more aggressive pricing policies. In addition, these
competitors have entered and will likely continue to enter into business
relationships to provide additional services competitive with those we provide.
Some of our competitors may be able to provide customers with additional
benefits in connection with their Internet system and network management
solutions, including reduced communications costs, which could reduce the
overall costs of their services relative to ours. We may not be able to offset
the effects of any price reductions. In addition, we believe our market is
likely to encounter consolidation in the near future, which could result in
increased prices and other competition.
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Our market is new and our services may not be generally accepted by enterprises
looking to outsource their mission-critical Internet operations, which could
harm our operating results
The market for Internet system and network management solutions has only
recently begun to develop, is evolving rapidly and is characterized by an
increasing number of market entrants. This market may not prove to be viable
or, if it becomes viable, may not continue to grow. We currently incur costs
greater than our revenues. If we cannot retain or grow our customer base, we
will not be able to increase our sales and revenues or create economics of
scale to offset our fixed and operating costs. Our future growth depends on the
willingness of enterprises to outsource the system and network management of
their mission-critical Internet operations and our ability to market our
services in a cost-effective manner to a sufficiently large number of
customers. If this market fails to develop, or develops more slowly than
expected, or if our services do not achieve market acceptance, our business
would be adversely affected. In addition, in order to be successful we must be
able to differentiate ourselves from our competition through our service
offerings and delivery.
Our substantial leverage and debt service obligations adversely affect our cash
flow
We have substantial amounts of outstanding indebtedness, primarily from our
10 % senior notes, 4 % convertible subordinated notes, 11 % senior notes, and
our 5% convertible subordinated notes. There is the possibility that we may be
unable to generate cash sufficient to pay the principal of, interest on and
other amounts due in respect of, our debt when due. As of December 31, 1999, we
had debt of approximately $1.6 billion. We also have the right to issue
additional 10 % senior notes on or prior to December 15, 2000 in an aggregate
principal amount not to exceed $100.0 million. In addition, we expect to add
additional equipment loans and lease lines to finance capital expenditures for
our Internet Data Centers and to obtain additional long term debt, working
capital lines of credit and lease lines. We cannot be certain that any
financing arrangements will be available.
Our substantial leverage could have significant negative consequences,
including:
. increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry
conditions;
. limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;
. requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our expected cash
flow from operations to service our indebtedness, thereby reducing the
amount of our expected cash flow available for other purposes, including
capital expenditures;
. limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our
business and the industry in which we compete; and
. placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage compared to less
leveraged competitors and competitors that have better access to capital
resources.
We are subject to restrictive covenants in our note indentures that limit our
flexibility in managing our business
Our senior notes and convertible subordinated notes contain various
restrictions on our ability to incur debt, pay dividends or make other
restricted payments, sell assets, enter into affiliate transactions and take
other actions. Furthermore, our existing financing arrangements are, and future
financing arrangements are likely to be, secured by substantially all of our
assets. The existing financing arrangements require, and future financing
arrangements are likely to require, that we maintain specific financial ratios
and comply with covenants restricting our ability to incur debt, pay dividends
or make other restricted payments, sell assets, enter into affiliate
transactions or take other actions.
In addition, a number of instruments evidencing our debt restrict the manner
in which the funds raised in our debt financings and debt incurred in the
future may be used.
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We must manage growth effectively by expanding operating and financial
procedures, controls and systems or our business will be harmed
We are experiencing, and expect to continue experiencing, rapid growth with
respect to the building of our Internet Data Centers and network
infrastructure, acquisitions of assets and companies, expansion of our service
offerings, geographic expansion, expansion of our customer base and increases
in the number of employees. This growth has placed, and we expect it to
continue to place, a significant strain on our financial, management,
operational and other resources, including our ability to ensure customer
satisfaction. This expansion also requires significant time commitment from our
senior management and places a significant strain on their ability to manage
the existing business. In addition, we are required to manage multiple
relationships with a growing number of third parties as we seek to complement
our service offerings. Our ability to manage our growth effectively will
require us to continue to expand operating and financial procedures and
controls, to replace or upgrade our operational, financial and management
information systems and to attract, train, motivate and retain key employees.
We have recently hired many key employees and officers, and as a result, our
entire management team has worked together for only a brief time. In addition,
we intend to hire additional senior management personnel to support our growth
and expansion of our business. If our executives are unable to manage growth
effectively, our business could be materially adversely affected.
We may experience difficulty in integrating our recent acquisitions which could
harm our operating results
In October 1998 we acquired the assets of Arca, in February 1999 we acquired
AIS, in July 1999 we acquired Cohesive, in November 1999 we merged with SMI,
and in December 1999 we acquired GOL. Furthermore, in February 2000, we
completed our acquisition of KeyLabs. We continue to expend resources
integrating Cohesive, SMI, and KeyLabs and the personnel hired in connection
with acquisitions. As we acquire additional companies, we will incur additional
expenses.
We believe that our future growth depends, in part, upon the acquisition of
complementary businesses, products, services or technologies. After purchasing
a company, we could have difficulty in assimilating that company's technology,
personnel and operations. In addition, the key personnel of the acquired
company may decide not to work for us. These difficulties could disrupt our
ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our
expenses. In addition, future acquisitions by us may require us to issue stock
that could dilute the ownership of our then existing stockholders, incur
additional debt or assume liabilities, result in large one-time write-offs or
create goodwill or other intangible assets that could result in amortization
expenses.
System failures could lead to significant costs
We must protect our network infrastructure, our equipment, and customers'
equipment against damage from human error, physical or electronic security
breaches, power loss and other facility failures, fire, earthquake, flood,
telecommunications failure, sabotage, vandalism and similar events. Despite
precautions we have taken, a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems
at one or more of our Internet Data Centers could result in interruptions in
our services or significant damage to customer equipment. In addition, failure
of any of our telecommunications providers, such as MCI WorldCom, Qwest
Communications Corporation and Global Crossing, to provide consistent data
communications capacity, and local exchange carriers to provide interconnection
agreements, could result in interruptions in our services. Any damage to or
failure of our systems or service providers could result in reductions in, or
terminations of, services supplied to our customers, which could have a
material adverse effect on our business. In the past, we have experienced
interruptions in specific circuits within our network resulting from events
outside our control, temporary loss of power, and failure of networking
equipment, all of which led to short-term degradation in the level of
performance of our network or temporary unavailability of our services. We
attempt to limit exposure to system downtime by contract by giving customers a
credit of free service for a short period of time for disruptions.
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However, customers may demand additional remedies. If we incur significant
service level commitment obligations in connection with system downtime, our
liability insurance may not be adequate to cover those expenses.
Customer satisfaction with our services is critical to our success
Our customers demand a very high level of service. Our customer contracts
generally provide a limited service level commitment related to the continuous
availability of service on a 24 hours per day, seven days per week basis. This
commitment is generally limited to a credit consisting of free service for a
short period of time for disruptions in Internet transmission services. If we
incur significant service level commitment obligations in connection with
system downtime, our liability insurance may not be adequate to cover these
expenses. As customers outsource more mission-critical operations to us, we are
subject to increased liability claims and customer dissatisfaction if our
systems fail or our customers otherwise become unsatisfied.
Our ability to expand our network is unproven and will require substantial
financial, operational and management resources
To satisfy customer requirements, we must continue to expand and adapt our
network infrastructure. We are dependent on MCI WorldCom, Qwest, Global
Crossing and other telecommunications providers for our network capacity. The
expansion and adaptation of our telecommunications infrastructure will require
substantial financial, operational and management resources as we negotiate
telecommunications capacity with network infrastructure suppliers. Due to the
limited deployment of our services to date, our ability to connect and manage a
substantially larger number of customers at high transmission speeds is
unknown. We have yet to prove our network's ability to be scaled up to higher
customer levels while maintaining superior performance. Furthermore, it may be
difficult for us to increase quickly our network capacity in light of current
necessary lead times within the industry to purchase circuits and other
critical items. If we fail to achieve or maintain high capacity data
transmission circuits, customer demand could diminish because of possible
degradation of service. In addition, as we upgrade our telecommunications
infrastructure to increase bandwidth available to our customers, we expect to
encounter equipment or software incompatibility which may cause delays in
implementation.
We depend on network interconnections provided by third parties who may raise
their fees or deny access
We rely on a number of public and private network interconnections to allow
our customers to connect to other networks. If the networks with which we
interconnect were to discontinue their interconnections, our ability to
exchange traffic would be significantly constrained. Furthermore, our business
will be harmed if these networks do not add more bandwidth to accommodate
increased traffic. Many of the companies with which we maintain
interconnections are our competitors. Some of these networks require that we
pay them fees for the right to maintain interconnections. There is nothing to
prevent any networks, many of which are significantly larger than we are, from
increasing fees or denying access. In the future, networks could refuse to
continue to interconnect directly with us, might impose significant costs on us
or limit our customers' access to their networks. In this event, we may not be
able on a cost-effective basis to access alternative networks to exchange our
customers' traffic. In addition, we may not be able to pass through to our
customers any additional costs of utilizing these networks. In these cases, our
business could be harmed.
Difficulties presented by international economic, political, legal, accounting
and business factors could harm our business in international markets
A component of our strategy is to expand into international markets. We
opened our first Internet Data Center outside of the United States in the
London metropolitan area in June 1999 and acquired an Internet Data Center in
Tokyo through our acquisition of GOL in December 1999. Furthermore, we plan to
open additional international Internet Data Centers by the end of 2000. In
order to expand our international operations, we may
8
<PAGE>
enter into joint ventures or outsourcing agreements with third parties, acquire
rights to high-bandwidth transmission capability, acquire complementary
businesses or operations, or establish and maintain new operations outside of
the United States. Thus, we may depend on third parties to be successful in our
international operations. In addition, the rate of development and adoption of
the Internet has been slower outside of the United States, and the cost of
bandwidth has been higher, which may adversely affect our ability to expand
operations and may increase our cost of operations internationally. The risks
inherent in conducting business internationally include:
. unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, export restrictions,
tariffs and other trade barriers;
. challenges in staffing and managing foreign operations;
. differences in technology standards;
. employment laws and practices in foreign countries;
. longer payment cycles and problems in collecting accounts receivable;
. political instability;
. fluctuations in currency exchange rates and imposition of currency
exchange controls; and
. potentially adverse tax consequences.
We might not be successful in our attempts to keep up with rapid technological
change and evolving industry standards
Our future success will depend on our ability to offer services that
incorporate leading technology and address the increasingly sophisticated and
varied needs of our current and prospective customers. Our market is
characterized by rapidly changing and unproven technology, evolving industry
standards, changes in customer needs, emerging competition and frequent new
service introductions. Future advances in technology may not be beneficial to,
or compatible with, our business. In addition, we may not be able to
incorporate advances on a cost-effective and timely basis. Moreover,
technological advances may have the effect of encouraging our current or future
customers to rely on in-house personnel and equipment to furnish the services
we currently provide. In addition, keeping pace with technological advances may
require substantial expenditures and lead time.
We believe that our ability to compete successfully is also dependent upon
the continued compatibility and interoperability of our services with products,
services and architectures offered by various vendors. Although we work with
various vendors in testing newly developed products, these products may not be
compatible with our infrastructure or adequate to address changing customer
needs. Any incompatibility would require us to make significant investments to
achieve compatibility. Although we intend to support emerging standards,
industry standards may not be established or we may not be able to conform
timely to new standards. Our failure to conform to a prevailing standard, or
the failure of a common standard to emerge, could have a material adverse
effect on our business.
System security risks could disrupt our services
The ability to provide secure transmissions of confidential information over
networks accessible to the public is a significant barrier to electronic
commerce and communications. A portion of our services rely on encryption and
authentication technology licensed from third parties. Despite a variety of
network security measures taken by us, we cannot assure that unauthorized
access, computer viruses, accidental or intentional actions and other
disruptions will not occur. Our Internet Data Centers have experienced and may
in the future experience delays or interruptions in service as a result of the
accidental or intentional actions of Internet users, current and former
employees of Exodus or others. Furthermore, inappropriate use of the network by
third parties could also jeopardize the security of confidential information,
such as customer and Exodus passwords
9
<PAGE>
as well as credit card and bank account numbers, stored in our computer systems
or those of our customers. As a result, we could become liable to others and
lose existing or potential customers. The costs required to eliminate computer
viruses and alleviate other security problems could be prohibitively expensive.
In addition, the efforts to address these problems could result in
interruptions, delays or cessation of service to our customers.
We depend on third-party equipment and software suppliers
We depend on vendors to supply key components of our telecommunications
infrastructure and system and network management solutions. Some of the
telecommunications services and networking equipment is available only from
sole or limited sources. For instance, the routers, switches and modems we use
are currently supplied primarily by Cisco Systems, Inc. We typically purchase
or lease all of our components under purchase orders placed from time to time.
We do not carry significant inventories of components and have no guaranteed
supply arrangements with vendors. If we are unable to obtain required products
or services on a timely basis and at an acceptable cost, our business would be
harmed. In addition, if our sole or limited source suppliers do not provide
products or components that comply with evolving Internet and
telecommunications standards or that interoperate with other products or
components we use, our business would be harmed. For example, we have
experienced performance problems, including previously unknown software and
firmware bugs, with routers and switches that have caused temporary disruptions
in and impairment of network performance.
Government regulation and legal uncertainties may harm our business
Laws and regulations directly applicable to communications and commerce over
the Internet are becoming more prevalent. The United States Congress has
recently considered enacting Internet laws regarding children's privacy,
copyrights, taxation and the transmission of sexually explicit material. The
European Union also recently enacted its own privacy regulations. The law of
the Internet, however, remains largely unsettled, even in areas where there has
been some legislative action. It may take years to determine whether and how
existing laws such as those governing intellectual property, privacy, libel and
taxation apply to the Internet. In addition, the growth and development of the
market for online commerce may prompt calls for more stringent consumer
protection laws, both in the United States and abroad, that may impose
additional burdens on companies conducting business online. The adoption or
modification of laws or regulations relating to the Internet could adversely
affect our business. We provide services over the Internet in many states in
the United States and in many foreign countries, and we facilitate the
activities of our customers in these jurisdictions. As a result we may be
required to qualify to do business, or be subject to taxation, or be subject to
other laws and regulations, in these jurisdictions even if we do not have a
physical presence or employees or property in these jurisdictions. The
application of these multiple sets of laws and regulations is uncertain, but we
could find that Exodus is subject to regulation, taxation, enforcement or other
liability in unexpected ways, which could materially adversely affect our
business.
We could be held liable for the information disseminated through our network
The law relating to the liability of online services companies and Internet
access providers for information and commerce carried on or disseminated
through their networks is currently unsettled. The Child Online Protection Act
of 1998 imposes criminal penalties and civil liability on anyone engaged in the
business of selling or transferring material that is harmful to minors, by
means of the World Wide Web, without restricting access to this type of
material by underage persons. Numerous states have adopted or are currently
considering similar types of legislation. The imposition upon us and other
Internet network providers of potential liability for information carried on or
disseminated through systems could require us to implement measures to reduce
exposure to liability, which may require the expenditure of substantial
resources, or to discontinue various service or product offerings. Further, the
costs of defending against any claims and potential adverse outcomes of these
claims could have a material adverse effect on our business. While we carry
professional liability
10
<PAGE>
insurance, it may not be adequate to compensate or may not cover us in the
event we become liable for information carried on or disseminated through our
networks.
Some businesses, organizations and individuals have in the past sent
unsolicited commercial e-mail messages through our network or advertising sites
hosted at our facilities to a massive number of people. This practice, known as
"spamming," has led to some complaints against us. In addition, some ISPs and
other online services companies could deny network access to us if we allow
undesired content or spamming to be transmitted through our networks. Although
we prohibit customers by contract from spamming, we cannot be sure that
customers will not engage in this practice, which could have a material adverse
effect on our business.
Our future success depends on our key personnel
Our success depends in significant part upon the continued services of our
key technical, sales and senior management personnel. Any officer or employee
can terminate his or her relationship at any time. If we lose the services of
one or more of our key employees or are unable to attract additional qualified
personnel, our business would be adversely affected. We do not carry key-person
life insurance for any of our employees.
If the Internet and Internet infrastructure development do not continue to
grow, our business will be harmed
Our success depends in large part on continued growth in the use of the
Internet. Critical issues concerning the commercial use of the Internet,
including security, reliability, cost, ease of access, quality of service and
necessary increases in bandwidth availability, remain unresolved and are likely
to affect the development of the market for our services. In addition, the rate
of development and adoption of the Internet has been slower outside of the
United States and the cost of bandwidth has been higher. The recent growth in
the use of the Internet has caused frequent periods of performance degradation,
requiring the upgrade of routers and switches, telecommunications links and
other components forming the infrastructure of the Internet by ISPs and other
organizations with links to the Internet. Any perceived degradation in the
performance of the Internet as a whole could undermine the benefits of our
services. Consequently, the emergence and growth of the market for our services
is dependent on improvements being made to the entire Internet infrastructure
to alleviate overloading and congestion.
We face risks associated with protection and enforcement of intellectual
property rights
We rely on a combination of copyright, patent trademark, service mark and
trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to establish and protect
proprietary rights in our products and services. We have very little patented
technology that would preclude or inhibit competitors from entering our market.
Although we have entered into confidentiality agreements with our employees,
contractors, suppliers, distributors and appropriate customers to limit access
to and disclosure of our proprietary information, these may prove insufficient
to prevent misappropriation of our technology or to deter independent third-
party development of similar technologies. In addition, the laws of various
foreign countries may not protect our products, services or intellectual
property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.
In addition to licensing technologies from third parties, we are developing
and acquiring additional proprietary intellectual property. Third parties may
try to claim that our products or services infringe their intellectual
property. We expect that participants in our markets will be increasingly
subject to infringement claims. Any claim, whether meritorious or not, could be
time consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product installation delays
or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements. These royalty or
licensing agreements might not be available on terms acceptable to us or at
all.
11
<PAGE>
Potential risks related to the Year 2000 problem might harm our business
In many of our recent filings with the Commission, we discussed the nature
and progress of our plans to become year 2000 compliant. In late 1999, we
completed our remediation and testing of systems. As a result of those planning
and implementation efforts, we experienced no significant disruptions in
mission critical information technology systems and other internal operating
systems. Costs directly associated with our year 2000 compliance efforts were
not material, amounting to less than $1.0 million. We are not aware of any
material problems with our products or services or internal operating systems
resulting from year 2000 issues, and we have not received notice of any
material year 2000 compliance issues from our external vendors. However, it
remains possible that year 2000 problems associated with our systems or our
vendors' products may still arise or that we could receive notice of year 2000
problems that have arisen with our vendors' products.
Our stock price has been volatile in the past and is likely to continue to be
volatile
The market price of our common stock has been volatile in the past and is
likely to continue to be volatile. In addition, the securities markets in
general, and Internet stocks in particular, have experienced significant price
volatility and accordingly the trading price of our common stock is likely to
be affected by this activity.
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of our common stock by the
selling stockholders under this prospectus.
12
<PAGE>
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the shares
beneficially owned by the selling stockholders named below as of March 15,
2000, the shares that may be offered and sold from time to time by the selling
stockholders pursuant to this prospectus, assuming each selling stockholder
sells all of the shares offered in this prospectus, and the nature of any
position, office or other material relationship which each selling stockholder
has had with Exodus or any of its predecessors or affiliates within the past
three years. The selling stockholders named below, together with any pledgee or
donee of any named stockholders, and any person who may purchase shares offered
hereby from any named stockholders in a private transaction in which they are
assigned the stockholders' rights to registration of their shares, are referred
to in this prospectus as the "selling stockholders."
Except as indicated below, the shares that may be offered and sold pursuant
to this prospectus represent all of the shares beneficially owned by each named
selling stockholder as of March 15, 2000. All of these shares were acquired by
the selling stockholders in connection with our acquisitions of Key Labs, Inc.
Because the selling stockholders may offer from time to time all or some of
their shares under this prospectus, no assurances can be given as to the actual
number of shares that will be sold by any selling stockholder or that will be
held by the selling stockholder after completion of the sales. Information
concerning the selling stockholders may change from time to time and any
changed information will be set forth in supplements to this prospectus if and
when necessary.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission that consider shares to be beneficially
owned by any person who has voting or investment power with respect to the
shares. Common stock subject to options that are currently exercisable or
exercisable within 60 days after March 31, 2000 are considered to be
outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the options for
the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of a person but are not
treated as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of
any other person. Based upon the 201,034,96 outstanding shares of common stock
as of March 31, 2000 and assuming each selling stockholder sells all of the
shares offered in this prospectus, no selling stockholder will own one percent
or more of our outstanding shares of common stock after the completion of this
offering.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Shares Shares
owned owned
before Shares after
Name offering Offered offering
- ---- -------- ------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
The Canopy Group, Inc................................. 315,580 315,580 --
Newman Family Trust................................... 32,355 32,355 --
Moon Shadow FLP....................................... 25,543 25,543 --
Island Park LP........................................ 13,623 13,623 --
Karan Bawandi......................................... 3,263 3,263 --
Francois Dodu......................................... 1,490 1,490 --
Christopher P. Clark.................................. 1,277 1,277 --
James Brown........................................... 187 187 --
Ruth Cuell............................................ 32 32 --
Tara Settle........................................... 18 18 --
------- ------- ---
Totals.............................................. 393,368 393,368 --
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) Of the shares beneficially owned by The Canopy Group, Inc., the name of the
registered owner of 298,299 of those shares is NFT Ventures, Inc., the
former name of The Canopy Group, Inc.
13
<PAGE>
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The selling stockholders and their successors, including their transferees,
pledgees or donees or their successors, may sell the common stock offered under
this prospectus directly to purchasers or through underwriters, broker-dealers
or agents, who may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions
or commissions from the selling stockholders or the purchasers. These
discounts, concessions or commissions as to any particular underwriter, broker-
dealer or agent may be in excess of those customary in the types of
transactions involved. Neither Exodus nor the selling stockholders can
presently estimate the amount of this compensation.
The common stock offered under this prospectus may be sold in one or more
transactions at fixed prices, at prevailing market prices at the time of sale,
at prices related to the prevailing market prices, at varying prices determined
at the time of sale, or at negotiated prices. These sales may be effected in
transactions, which may involve crosses or block transactions:
. on any national securities exchange or U.S. inter-dealer system of a
registered national securities association on which the common stock may
be listed or quoted at the time of sale;
. in the over-the-counter market;
. in transactions otherwise than on these exchanges or systems or in the
over-the-counter market;
. through the writing of options, whether the options are listed on an
options exchange or otherwise; or
. through the settlement of short sales.
In connection with the sale of the common stock, the selling stockholders
may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial
institutions, which may in turn engage in short sales of the common stock in
the course of hedging the positions they assume. The selling stockholders may
also sell the common stock short and deliver these securities to close out
their short positions, or loan or pledge the common stock to broker-dealers
that in turn may sell these securities.
The aggregate proceeds to the selling stockholders from the sale of the
common stock offered by them will be the purchase price of the common stock
less discounts and commissions, if any. Each of the selling stockholders
reserves the right to accept and, together with their agents from time to time,
to reject, in whole or in part, any proposed purchase of common stock to be
made directly or through agents. Exodus will not receive any of the proceeds
from this offering.
Exodus' outstanding common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq
National Market.
The selling stockholders and any underwriters, broker-dealers or agents that
participate in the sale of the common stock may be "underwriters" within the
meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act. Any discounts, commissions,
concessions or profit they earn on any resale of the shares may be underwriting
discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Selling stockholders who
are "underwriters" within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Securities Act
will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
In addition, any securities covered by this prospectus which qualify for
sale pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144
rather than pursuant to this prospectus. A selling stockholder may not sell any
common stock described in this prospectus and may not transfer, devise or gift
these securities by other means not described in this prospectus.
To the extent required, the specific common stock to be sold, the names of
the selling stockholders, the respective purchase prices and public offering
prices, the names of any agent, dealer or underwriter, and any applicable
commissions or discounts with respect to a particular offer will be set forth
in an accompanying
14
<PAGE>
prospectus supplement or, if appropriate, a post-effective amendment to the
registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. This prospectus also
may be used, with Exodus' consent, by donees or pledgees of the selling
stockholders, or by other persons acquiring shares and who wish to offer and
sell shares under circumstances requiring or making desirable its use.
In order to comply with the securities laws of some states, if applicable,
the common stock may be sold in these jurisdictions only through registered or
licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the common stock may
not be sold unless they have been registered or qualified for sale or an
exemption from registration or qualification requirements is available and is
complied with.
The common stock offered under this prospectus was originally issued to
former stockholders of Key Labs, Inc. in connection with its acquisition
pursuant to exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act
provided by Section 4(2) thereof and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder. In
connection with the acquisition of Key Labs, Inc., Exodus agreed to register
the shares of common stock offered under this prospectus under the Securities
Act. Exodus and the selling stockholders have agreed to indemnify each other,
and their respective controlling persons, against specific liabilities,
including liabilities arising under the Securities Act and Exchange Act, in
connection with the offer and sale of the shares. In addition, the selling
stockholders may indemnify brokers, dealers, agents or underwriters that
participate in transactions involving sales of the shares against specific
liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act and/or
Exchange Act. Exodus will pay substantially all of the expenses incident to
this offering of the shares by the selling stockholders to the public other
than commissions and discounts of underwriters, brokers, dealers or agents.
LEGAL MATTERS
Fenwick & West LLP, Palo Alto, California, will provide Exodus with an
opinion as to legal matters in connection with the common stock.
EXPERTS
Our consolidated financial statements and related schedule as of December
31, 1998 and 1999, and for each of the years in the three-year period ended
December 31,1999, have been incorporated by reference in this registration
statement in reliance on the report of KPMG LLP, independent auditors,
incorporated by reference in this registration statement, and upon the
authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
The following documents we have filed with the Commission are incorporated
into this prospectus by reference:
. our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
1999 filed with the Commission on March 30, 2000;
. our current report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on April ,
2000.
. the description of our common stock contained in our registration
statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on February 13, 1998
under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, including any amendment or
report filed for the purpose of updating such description;
. the description of our preferred stock purchase rights contained in our
registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on January
29, 1999 under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, as amended
15
<PAGE>
by a Form 8- A/A filed with the Commission on November 29, 1999, including
any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such
description; and
. all documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c),
14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and
before the termination of this offering.
To the extent that any statement in this prospectus is inconsistent with any
statement that is incorporated by reference, the statement in this prospectus
shall control. The incorporated statement shall not be deemed, except as
modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus or the
registration statement.
Because we are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange
Act, we file reports and other information with the Commission. Reports,
registration statements, proxy and information statements and other information
that we have filed can be inspected and copied at the public reference
facilities maintained by the Commission at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain copies of this material from the Public
Reference Section of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20549 at rates prescribed by the Commission. The public may obtain information
on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-
800-SEC-0330. The Commission also maintains a World Wide Web site that contains
reports, proxy and information statements and other information that is filed
electronically with the Commission. This web site can be accessed at
http://www.sec.gov.
We have filed with the Commission a registration statement on Form S-3 under
the Securities Act with respect to the common stock offered under this
prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information in the
registration statement, parts of which we have omitted, as allowed under the
rules and regulations of the Commission. You should refer to the registration
statement for further information with respect to us and our common stock.
Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or
other document are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, we refer you
to the copy of each contract or document filed as an exhibit to the
registration statement. Copies of the registration statement, including
exhibits, may be inspected without charge at the Commission's principal office
in Washington, D.C., and you may obtain copies from this office upon payment of
the fees prescribed by the Commission.
We will furnish without charge to each person to whom a copy of this
prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request, a copy of the
information that has been incorporated by reference into this prospectus
(except exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference into
this prospectus). You should direct any requests for copies to Exodus
Communications, Inc., 2831 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California
95054, Attention: Adam W. Wegner, General Counsel, telephone: (408) 346-2200.
16
<PAGE>
EXODUS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
PROSPECTUS
, 2000
<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the various expenses payable by the
Registrant in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being
registered hereby. Normal commission expenses and brokerage fees are payable
individually by the selling stockholders. All amounts are estimated except the
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee................. $12,047
Accounting fees and expenses........................................ 25,000
Legal fees and expenses............................................. 25,000
Printing and engraving expenses..................................... 5,000
Miscellaneous....................................................... 25,376
-------
Total............................................................. $92,423
=======
</TABLE>
ITEM 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
As permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the
Registrant's Restated Certificate of Incorporation includes a provision that
eliminates the personal liability of its directors to the Registrant or its
stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director,
except for liability (i) for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to
the corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good
faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law,
(iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law or (iv) for any
transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit. In
addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law,
the Bylaws of the Registrant provide that: (i) the Registrant is required to
indemnify its directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted
by the Delaware General Corporation Law; (ii) the Registrant may, in its
discretion, indemnity other officers, employees and agents as set forth in the
Delaware General Corporation Law; (iii) upon receipt of an undertaking to repay
such advances if indemnification is determined to be unavailable, the
Registrant is required to advance expenses, as incurred, to its directors and
executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General
Corporation Law in connection with a proceeding (except if a determination is
reasonably and promptly made by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a
quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the proceeding or, in
certain circumstances, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion that
the facts known to the decision-making party demonstrate clearly and
convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such
person did not believe to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the
corporation); (iv) the rights conferred in the Bylaws are not exclusive and the
Registrant is authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with its
directors, officers and employees and agents; (v) the Registrant may not
retroactively amend the Bylaw provisions relating to indemnify; and (vi) to the
fullest extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director or
executive officer will be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he
or she reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of
the Registrant and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, to have
had no reasonable cause to believe that his or her conduct was unlawful if his
or her action is based on the records or books of account of the corporation or
on information supplied to him or her by officers of the corporation in the
course of their duties or on the advice of legal counsel for the corporation or
on information or records given or reports made to the corporation by
independent certified public accountants or appraisers or other experts.
The Registrant's policy is to enter into indemnification agreements with
each of its directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements
provide that directors and executive officers will be indemnified and held
harmless to the fullest possible extent permitted by law including against all
expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and settlement amounts
paid or reasonably incurred by them in any action,
II-1
<PAGE>
suit or proceeding, including any derivative action by or in the right of the
Registrant, on account of their services as directors, officers, employees or
agents of the Registrant or as directors, officers, employees or agents of any
other company or enterprise when they are serving in such capacities at the
request of the Registrant. The Registrant will not be obligated pursuant to the
agreements to indemnify or advance expenses to an indemnified party with
respect to proceedings or claims (i) initiated or brought voluntarily by the
indemnified party and not by way of defense, except with respect to a
proceeding to establish or enforce a right to indemnification under the
indemnification agreements or any other agreement or insurance policy or under
the Registrant's Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws now or hereafter in
effect relating to indemnification, or authorized by the Board of Directors or
as otherwise required under Delaware statute or law, regardless of whether the
indemnified party is ultimately determined to be entitled to such
indemnification, (ii) for expenses and the payment of profits arising from the
purchase and sale by the indemnified party of securities in violation of
Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or any similar successor
statute or (iii) if a final decision by a court having jurisdiction in the
matter shall determine that such indemnification is not lawful.
The indemnification agreement also provides for contribution in certain
situations in which the Registrant and a director or executive officer are
jointly liable for indemnification is unavailable, such contribution to be
based on the relative benefits received and the relative fault of the
Registrant and the director or executive officer. No contribution is allowed to
a person found guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of
Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) from any person who was not found guilty
of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
The indemnification agreement requires a director or executive officer to
reimburse the Registrant for all expenses advanced only to the extent it is
ultimately determined that the director or executive officer is not entitled,
under Delaware law, the Bylaws, the indemnification agreement or otherwise, to
be indemnified for such expenses. The indemnification agreement provides that
it is not exclusive of any rights a director or executive officer may have
under the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, other agreements, any majority-
in-interest vote of the stockholders or vote of disinterested directors,
Delaware law or otherwise.
The indemnification provision in the Bylaws, and the form of indemnification
agreements entered into between the Registrant and its directors and executive
officers, may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the
Registrant's executive officers and directors for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act").
As authorized by the Registrant's Bylaws, the Registrant, with approval by
the Board, maintains director and officer liability insurance.
In addition, Thadeus Mocarski, a director of the Registrant, is indemnified
in certain circumstances by Fleet Financial Group, Inc.
II-2
<PAGE>
ITEM 16. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated by reference
herein:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit
Number Exhibit Title
------- -------------
<C> <S>
2.01 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated January 7, 2000 between
Registrant and KeyLabs, Inc., a Utah corporation.
3.10 Registrant's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.01 of the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July
19, 1999).
3.02 Certificate of Designations specifying the terms of the Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Registrant, as filed with
the Delaware Secretary of State on January 28, 1999 (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 3.02 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on January 29, 1999).
3.03 Registrant's Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.06
of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration
No. 333-44469, declared effective by the Commission on March 18, 1998
(the "Form S-1")).
4.01 Form of Specimen Certificate for Registrant's Common Stock.
(Incorporated by reference from Exhibit to the Form S-1.)
4.02 Rights Agreement, dated January 27, 1999, between Registrant and
BankBoston, N.A., as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.04 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form 8-A
filed with the Commission on January 29, 1999).
4.03 Amendment to Rights Agreement dated October 20, 1999 between
Registrant and BankBoston, N.A., as Rights Agent (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 4.05 of the Registrant's Amended Registration
Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on November 29, 1999).
5.01 Opinion of Fenwick & West LLP.
23.01 Consent of Fenwick & West LLP (included in Exhibit 5.01).
23.02 Consent of KPMG LLP, independent auditors.
24.01 Power of Attorney (see page II-5).
</TABLE>
ITEM 17. Undertakings.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made,
a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: (i) to include
any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; (ii) to
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective
date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a
fundamental change in the information in the registration statement.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of
securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would
not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or
high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the
form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in
the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20
percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the
"Calculation of Registration Fee" table in the effective registration
statement; and (iii) to include any material information with respect to
the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration
statement or any material change to such information in the registration
statement; provided, however, that (i) and (ii) do not apply if the
information required to be included in a post-effective amendment thereby
is contained in periodic reports filed with or furnished to the Commission
by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange
Act that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement.
II-3
<PAGE>
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a
new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and
the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the
initial bona fide offering thereof.
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment
any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the
termination of the offering.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act each filing of the
Registrant's annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the
Exchange Act that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement
shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to deliver or cause to be
delivered with the prospectus, to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or
given, the latest annual report to security holders that is incorporated by
reference in the prospectus and furnished pursuant to and meeting the
requirements of Rule 14a-3 or Rule 14c-3 under the Exchange Act; and, where
interim financial information required to be presented by Article 3 of
Regulation S-X are not set forth in the prospectus, to deliver, or cause to be
delivered to each person to whom the prospectus is sent or given, the latest
quarterly report that is specifically incorporated by reference in the
prospectus to provide such interim financial information.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
Registrant pursuant to the provisions described under Item 15 above, or
otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In
the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of
any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or
controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the
Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication
of such issue.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that: (1) For purposes of
determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted
from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in
reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the
registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act
shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was
declared effective; and (2) For the purpose of determining any liability under
the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of
prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the
securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-4
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant
certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the
requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration
Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Santa Clara, State of California, on this 7th day of
April, 2000.
EXODUS COMMUNICATIONS, INC.
/s/ R. Marshall Case
By:__________________________________
R. Marshall Case
Executive Vice President, Finance
and
Chief Financial Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature
appears below constitutes and appoints Ellen M. Hancock and R. Marshall Case,
and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with
full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and
stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including
post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement on Form S-3, and to
sign any registration statement for the same offering covered by this
Registration Statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 415
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, and all post-effective amendments
thereto, and to file the same with all exhibits thereto and all documents in
connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting
unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and
authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and
necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and
purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and
confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or his,
her or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done or
by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the
capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Title Date
---- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Principal Executive Officer:
/s/ Ellen M. Hancock President, Chief Executive April 7, 2000
______________________________________ Officer and Director
Ellen M. Hancock
Principal Financial Officer and
Principal Accounting Officer:
/s/ R. Marshall Case Executive Vice President, April 7, 2000
______________________________________ Finance and Chief
R. Marshall Case Financial Officer
</TABLE>
II-5
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Additional Directors
/s/ K.B. Chandrasekhar Chairman of the Board of April 7, 2000
______________________________________ Directors
K.B. Chandrasekhar
/s/ Frederick W.W. Bolander Director April 7, 2000
______________________________________
Frederick W.W. Bolander
/s/ Mark Dubovoy Director April 7, 2000
______________________________________
Mark Dubovoy
/s/ John R. Dougery Director April 7, 2000
______________________________________
John R. Dougery
Director , 2000
______________________________________
Max D. Hopper
Director , 2000
______________________________________
Peter A. Howley
Director , 2000
______________________________________
Daniel C. Lynch
/s/ Thadeus J. Mocarski Director April 7, 2000
______________________________________
Thadeus J. Mocarski
Director , 2000
______________________________________
Naomi O. Seligman
</TABLE>
II-6
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit
Number Exhibit Title
------- -------------
<C> <S>
2.01 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated January 7, 2000 between
Registrant and KeyLabs, Inc., a Utah corporation.
3.01 Registrant's Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.01 of the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July
19, 1999).
3.02 Certificate of Designations specifying the terms of the Series A
Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Registrant, as filed with
the Delaware Secretary of State on January 28, 1999 (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 3.02 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on January 29, 1999).
3.03 Registrant's Bylaws (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.06
of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1, Registration
No. 333-44469, declared effective by the Commission on March 18, 1998
(the "Form S-1")).
4.01 Form of Specimen Certificate for Registrant's Common Stock.
(Incorporated by reference from Exhibit to the Form S-1.)
4.02 Rights Agreement, dated January 27, 1999, between Registrant and
BankBoston, N.A., as Rights Agent (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.04 of the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form 8-A
filed with the Commission on January 29, 1999).
4.03 Amendment to Rights Agreement dated October 20, 1999 between
Registrant and BankBoston, N.A., as Rights Agent (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 4.05 of the Registrant's Amended Registration
Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on November 29, 1999).
5.01 Opinion of Fenwick & West LLP.
23.01 Consent of Fenwick & West LLP (included in Exhibit 5.01).
23.02 Consent of KPMG LLP, independent auditors.
24.01 Power of Attorney (see page II-5).
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 2.01
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
This Agreement and Plan of Reorganization (this "Agreement") is entered
---------
into as of January 7, 2000 ("Agreement Date"), by and among Exodus
--------------
Communications, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Acquirer"), KeyLabs, Inc., a Utah
--------
corporation ("Target"), and EKLI Acquisition Corp., a Utah corporation that is a
------
wholly-owned subsidiary of Acquirer ("Newco").
-----
RECITALS
A. The parties intend that, subject to the terms and conditions
hereinafter set forth, Newco will merge with and into Target in a reverse
triangular merger (the "Merger"), with Target to be the surviving corporation of
------
the Merger, all pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the
applicable provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
("Delaware Law") and the applicable provisions of the Utah Revised Business
------------
Corporation Act (the "Utah Law"). Upon the effectiveness of the Merger (the
--------
"Effective Time"), all the outstanding Target Common Stock, $0.01 par value
--------------
("Target Common Stock") and Common Stock equivalents of Target will be converted
-------------------
into Common Stock and Common Stock equivalents of Acquirer, all in the manner
and on the basis determined herein.
B. The Merger is intended to be treated in accordance with the purchase
method of accounting and as a tax-free reorganization pursuant to the provisions
of Section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
"Code"), by virtue of the provisions of Section 368(a)(2)(E) of the Code.
----
C. Concurrently with the execution hereof, each of the officers of Target
and each of those entities represented on Target's Board of Directors who owns
in excess of 1% of Target's currently outstanding stock has entered into a
voting agreement irrevocably agreeing to vote for the Merger and not to solicit,
encourage or tender shares into an alternative proposal, and committing not to
transfer or sell shares subject to the proxy.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
1.1 The Merger. The Articles of Merger required by Section 16-10a-
----------
1105 of the Utah Law ("the Articles of Merger") will be filed with the Division
------------------
of Corporations and Commercial Code of the Utah Department of Commerce (the
"Division") as soon as practicable after the Closing (as defined in Section 6.1
--------
below). The Effective Time will occur upon the filing of the Articles of Merger
with the Division, or on such other date as the parties hereto may mutually
agree upon. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Newco will
be merged with and into Target in a statutory merger pursuant to this Agreement
and in accordance with applicable provisions of Utah Law as follows:
1.1.1 Conversion of Target Preferred Stock. Each share of Series
------------------------------------
A Preferred Stock of Target, par value $0.01 per share (the "Target Preferred
----------------
Stock"), that is issued
- -----
<PAGE>
and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (other than Dissenting
Shares, as defined in Section 1.10 below) will, by virtue of the Merger and at
the Effective Time, and without any action on the part of any holder thereof, be
canceled and converted into the right to receive a fraction of a share of
Acquirer Common Stock equal in value to the aggregate per share liquidation
preference of a share of Target Preferred Stock pursuant to Target's Articles of
Incorporation as amended through immediately prior to the Effective Time. For
purposes of this Section 1.1.1, the value of a share of Acquirer Common Stock
shall be the Agreement Date Average Price Per Share (as defined in Section
1.1.4(b) below). The total number of shares of Acquirer Common Stock issued
pursuant to this Section 1.1.1 shall be referred to as the "Preferred Stock
---------------
Consideration."
- -------------
1.1.2 Conversion of Target Common Stock. Each share of Target
---------------------------------
Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time
(other than Dissenting Shares, as defined in Section 1.10 below) will, by virtue
of the Merger and at the Effective Time, and without any action on the part of
any holder thereof, be canceled and converted into the right to receive the
Applicable Fraction (determined in accordance with Section 1.1.4 hereof) of a
share of validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable Common Stock, $.001 par
value, of Acquirer ("Acquirer Common Stock").
---------------------
1.1.3 Assumptions of Options. Effective at the Effective Time,
----------------------
Acquirer will assume all the outstanding options (whether vested or unvested) to
purchase Target Common Stock listed on Item 2.3 (as described in Section 2.3(b)
--------
below) (collectively, the "Target Options"). Each Target Option shall be
--------------
converted into an option (an "Acquirer Option"), to purchase that number of
---------------
shares of Acquirer Common Stock that is equal to the number of shares of Target
Common Stock that could be purchased pursuant to the Target Option immediately
prior to the Effective Time multiplied by the Applicable Fraction (determined in
accordance with Section 1.1.4 hereof), rounded down to the nearest whole share.
The exercise price per share of Acquirer Common Stock purchasable under each
such Acquirer Option shall be equal to the exercise price per share of Target
Common Stock under the corresponding Target Option divided by the Applicable
Fraction, rounded up to the nearest tenth of a cent. All of the other terms and
conditions of each Acquirer Option will be the same in all material respects to
the corresponding Target Option, subject to and except as provided in Section
1.3 hereof. There will be no acceleration of options as a result of the Merger
and all options will continue to vest on the current schedule. No cash will be
paid in lieu of fractional shares, which are rounded down pursuant to this
Section. Within 45 calendar days after Closing, Acquirer will file a
registration statement on Form S-8 with respect to those shares issuable upon
exercise of the Target Options for which such form is available. Acquirer may
grant Target employees additional options to purchase Acquirer stock options
under standard terms of Acquirer stock option and equity incentive plans.
1.1.4 Definitions; Consideration.
--------------------------
(a) The "Applicable Fraction" shall be determined by
-------------------
dividing (i) the "Net Acquirer Shares" (as defined below) less the Preferred
-------------------
Stock Consideration (as defined above) by (ii) the sum of (A) the number of
shares Target Common Stock outstanding at the Effective Time and (B) the total
number of shares of Target Common Stock issuable upon exercise of all Target
Options outstanding at the Effective Time (excluding the unvested nonemployee
options held by Altiris employees which options will terminate by their terms
upon the closing of
-2-
<PAGE>
the Merger) ("Outstanding Target Options") (the number of shares referred to in
--------------------------
clause (ii) being referred to herein as the "Fully-Diluted Target Common
---------------------------
Stock").
- -----
(b) The "Total Acquirer Shares" shall mean the total number
---------------------
of shares of Acquirer Common Stock to be issued or to become issuable in the
Merger to the holders of Target capital stock ("Target Shareholders") and the
-------------------
holders of Outstanding Target Options ("Target Option Holders") and Canopy with
---------------------
respect to the Canopy Note, which shall equal (A) $43,520,000 divided by (B)
$87.95625 (the "Agreement Date Average Price Per Share"), or up to 494,791
--------------------------------------
shares of Acquirer Common Stock.
(c) The "Net Acquirer Shares" shall mean the Total Acquirer
-------------------
Shares less the Canopy Acquirer Shares.
(d) The "Canopy Acquirer Shares" shall mean that number of
----------------------
Acquirer Common Stock equal to $1,520,000 divided by the Agreement Date Average
Price Per Share. Upon the Merger, Acquirer will issue the Canopy Acquirer Shares
to The Canopy Group, Inc. ("Canopy") in full satisfaction of the promissory note
------
dated September 8, 1999 of Target in favor of Canopy (the "Canopy Note") in
-----------
exchange for and upon Acquirer's receipt of the cancelled Canopy Note.
1.1.5 Adjustments for Capital Changes. If prior to the Merger,
-------------------------------
Acquirer or Target recapitalizes either through a split-up of its outstanding
shares into a greater number, or through a combination of its outstanding shares
into a lesser number, or reorganizes, reclassifies or otherwise changes its
outstanding shares into the same or a different number of shares of other
classes (other than through a split-up or combination of shares provided for in
the previous clause), or declares a dividend on its outstanding shares payable
in shares or securities convertible into shares, the calculation of the
Applicable Fraction will be adjusted appropriately.
1.2 Fractional Shares. No fractional shares of Acquirer Common Stock
-----------------
will be issued in connection with the Merger, but in lieu thereof, the holder of
any shares of Target Company Stock who would otherwise be entitled to receive a
fraction of a share of Acquirer Common Stock will receive from Acquirer,
promptly after the Effective Time, an amount of cash equal to the Closing Price
Per Share multiplied by the fraction of a share of Acquirer Common Stock to
which such holder would otherwise be entitled.
1.3 Escrow Agreement. Pursuant to an Escrow Agreement to be entered
----------------
into on or before the Closing Date (as defined in Section 6.1) in the form
attached as Exhibit 1.3 (the "Escrow Agreement"), among Acquirer, Target, the
----------- ----------------
Representative (as defined in the preamble paragraph of the Escrow Agreement
hereof) of the Target Shareholders and State Street Bank and Trust Company (the
"Escrow Agent"), Acquirer will withhold from the Total Acquirer Shares and
------------
deposit into escrow an aggregate of up to 49,479 shares of Acquirer Common Stock
(the "Escrow Shares"). From the Total Acquirer Shares that would otherwise be
-------------
distributable at Closing to the holders of Target Common Stock and Target
Preferred Stock ("Closing Distributable Shares"), Escrow Shares shall be
----------------------------
withheld and deposited into escrow representing the sum of (i) 10% of the
Closing Distributable Shares plus (ii) 1,728 shares (representing 10% of the
Canopy Acquirer Shares). Up to the balance of the Escrow Shares shall be
withheld from the Total Acquirer Shares that would otherwise be issuable upon
exercise of Acquirer Options prior to the first anniversary of
-3-
<PAGE>
the Closing by withholding from such otherwise issuable shares the same
percentage thereof as Target shareholders had withheld from the shares otherwise
distributable to them at the Closing. Promptly after the Closing Date, Acquirer
will deposit or cause to be deposited in escrow pursuant to the Escrow
Agreement, the Escrow Shares. The Escrow Shares will be held in escrow as
collateral for the indemnification obligations of Target under Section 10.2
below and pursuant to the Escrow Agreement, pending release from escrow pursuant
to the Escrow Agreement.
1.4 Effects of the Merger. At the Effective Time, the parties agree
---------------------
that the following shall occur, whether by law or by action of Acquirer: (a) the
separate existence of Newco will cease and Newco will be merged with and into
Target and Target will be the surviving corporation pursuant to the terms of
this Agreement (the "Surviving Corporation"); (b) the Articles of Incorporation
---------------------
and Bylaws of Newco will remain the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the
Surviving Corporation until thereafter amended in accordance with applicable
law; (c) each share of Target Capital Stock and each of the Target Outstanding
Options will be converted as provided in this Section 1; (d) the directors and
executive officers of Newco will become the directors and executive officers of
Target; and (e) the Merger will, at and after the Effective Time, have all of
the effects provided by applicable law.
1.5 Further Assurances. Target and the Target Shareholders agree that
------------------
if, at any time after the Effective Time, Acquirer considers or is advised that
any further deeds, assignments or assurances are reasonably necessary or
desirable to vest, perfect or confirm in Acquirer or the Surviving Corporation
title to any property or rights of Target as provided herein, Acquirer and any
of its officers are hereby authorized by Target to execute and deliver all such
proper deeds, assignments and assurances and do all other things necessary or
desirable to vest, perfect or confirm title to such property or rights in
Acquirer or the Surviving Corporation and otherwise to carry out the purposes of
this Agreement, in the name of Target, the Target Shareholders or otherwise.
1.6 Private Placement; Certificate Legends. The shares of Acquirer
----------------- -------------------
Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this Section 1 shall not have been
registered and shall be characterized as "restricted securities" under the
federal securities laws, and under such laws such shares may be resold without
registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities
Act"), only in certain limited circumstances. Each certificate evidencing
shares of Acquirer Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this Section 1 shall
bear the following legend:
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR
INVESTMENT AND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933. SUCH SHARES MAY NOT BE SOLD OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED IN THE
ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION WITHOUT AN EXEMPTION UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT OR AN OPINION OF LEGAL COUNSEL REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE
COMPANY THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED."
and any legends required by state securities laws. Specifically, the shares
issuable in connection with the Merger will not be eligible for public resale
under Rule 144 for a period of one year following the Merger; provided, however,
that Section 10.3 below provides for certain registration rights with respect to
such shares.
-4-
<PAGE>
1.7 Hart-Scott-Rodino Filings. Each of Acquirer and Target will
-------------------------
prepare and file the applicable notices required to be filed by it under the
Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act (the "HSR Act"), and comply with
-------
any requests to it from the Federal Trade Commission or United States Department
of Justice for additional information.
1.8 Tax-Free Reorganization. The parties intend to adopt this
-----------------------
Agreement as a tax-free plan of reorganization and to consummate the Merger in
accordance with the provisions of Section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code, by virtue of
the provisions of Section 368(a)(2)(E) of the Code. For purposes of this
Section 1.8, Acquirer and Target agree to report the transactions contemplated
in this Agreement in a manner consistent with the reorganization treatment they
intend and will not take any position inconsistent therewith in any tax return,
refund claim, litigation or otherwise unless required to do so by any
governmental authority. The shares of Acquirer Common Stock and the Acquirer
Options issued in the Merger will be issued solely in exchange for the Target
Capital Stock and Target Options pursuant to this Agreement, and no other
transaction other than the Merger represents, provides for or is intended to be
an adjustment to the consideration paid for the Target Capital Stock and Target
Options. Except for the cash paid in lieu of fractional shares, Acquirer will
pay no consideration that could constitute "other property" within the meaning
of Section 356 of the Code for shares of Target Capital Stock or Target Options
in the Merger. Acquirer, Newco and Target will use all reasonable best efforts
prior to the Effective Time to cause the Merger to qualify as a reorganization
under (S) 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code. At the Closing (as defined in Section 6.1
hereof), officers of Target and officers of Acquirer will execute and deliver
officers' certificates that have been mutually agreed and approved by the
parties' respective counsel.
1.9 Purchase Accounting. The parties intend that the Merger be
-------------------
treated as a purchase for accounting purposes.
1.10 Dissenting Shares. Holders of shares of Target capital stock
-----------------
who have complied with all requirements for perfecting shareholders' dissenters'
rights, as set forth in Section 16-10a-1301 et seq. of the Utah Law, shall be
entitled to their rights under the Utah Law with respect to such shares
("Dissenting Shares").
-----------------
2. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF TARGET
Target hereby represents and warrants that, except as disclosed in the
Target disclosure letter (the "Target Disclosure Letter") delivered by Target to
------------------------
Acquirer herewith as amended from time to time in non-material respects prior to
Closing:
2.1 Organization and Good Standing. Except as disclosed in Item 2.1,
------------------------------ --------
Target is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the State of Utah, has the corporate power and authority to
own, operate and lease its properties and to carry on its business as now
conducted and is qualified as a foreign corporation in each jurisdiction where
the nature of its business or location of its properties requires such
qualification and where the failure to qualify would have a Material Adverse
Effect (as defined below) on Target.
-5-
<PAGE>
2.2 Power, Authorization and Validity.
---------------------------------
2.2.1 Target has the corporate right, power, legal capacity and
authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement and
under the Escrow Agreement and the other agreements to be signed by Target in
connection with this Agreement (the "Target Ancillary Agreements"). This
---------------------------
Agreement and the Target Ancillary Agreements have been or will be duly executed
and delivered by Target. The execution, delivery and performance of this
Agreement and the Target Ancillary Agreements have been duly and validly
approved and authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of Target
(other than the approval and adoption of this Agreement by the shareholders of
Target as required under Utah Law). The Board of Directors of Target has (a)
unanimously determined that the Merger is advisable and fair and in the best
interests of Target and its shareholders, (b) unanimously approved the
execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Target and has
unanimously approved the Merger, and (c) unanimously recommended the adoption
and approval of this Agreement and the Merger by the Target shareholders and
directed that this Agreement and the Merger be submitted for consideration by
the Target's shareholders at the Shareholders' Meeting (as defined in Section
4.14). The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of Target
Common Stock and Preferred Stock, voting in accordance with Target's Articles of
Incorporation and Utah law, outstanding on the record date for the Stockholders'
Meeting (the "Required Vote") is the only vote of the holders of any class or
-------------
series of the Company's capital stock necessary to adopt and approve this
Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
The signatories of the Voting Agreements signed concurrently herewith own or
have the power to vote in the aggregate shares of Target Stock which if all
voted would have the Required Vote.
2.2.2 No filing, authorization or approval with or of any
governmental entity is necessary or required to be made or obtained prior to the
Effective Time to enable Target to enter into, and to perform its obligations
under, this Agreement and the Target Ancillary Agreements, except for (a) the
filing of the Articles of Merger with the Division, the filing of such officers'
certificates and other documents as are required to effectuate the Merger under
Utah law and the filing of appropriate documents with the relevant authorities
of the states other than Delaware and Utah in which Target is qualified to do
business, if any, (b) such filings as may be required to comply with federal and
state securities laws, (c) the approval of the Target Shareholders of the
transactions contemplated hereby, and (d) the filings required by the HSR Act.
2.2.3 Assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by
Acquirer and, if applicable, Newco, this Agreement and the Target Ancillary
Agreements are, or when executed and delivered by Target, and the other parties
thereto will be, valid and binding obligations of Target, enforceable against
Target and against the Escrow Shares deposited pursuant to the Escrow Agreement
in accordance with their respective terms, subject to approval of Target's
shareholders, except as to the effect, if any, of (a) applicable bankruptcy and
other similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally, (b) rules of law
governing specific performance, injunctive relief and other equitable remedies,
and (c) the enforceability of provisions requiring indemnification in connection
with the offering, issuance or sale of securities.
-6-
<PAGE>
2.3 Capitalization.
--------------
(a) Authorized/Outstanding Capital Stock. As of the date hereof,
------------------------------------
the authorized capital stock of Target consists of 40,000,000 shares of Common
Stock, $0.01 par value, of which 228,408 shares are issued and outstanding, and
10,000,000 shares of Series A Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value, of which 800,000
shares are issued and outstanding, which are currently convertible into an
aggregate of 1,249,945 shares of Target Common Stock and immediately upon the
filing of the contemplated amendment to Target's Articles of Incorporation the
sole effect of which will be to cause such shares of Target Preferred Stock to
be convertible into 800,000 shares of Target Common Stock ("Contemplated
------------
Amendment") such shares of Target Preferred Stock shall be convertible into
- ---------
800,000 shares of Target Common Stock. As of the date hereof, an aggregate of
376,000 shares of Target Common Stock are reserved and authorized for issuance
pursuant to the Target 1996 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan ("Plan"), of which
----
options to purchase a total of 295,622 shares of Target Common Stock are
outstanding and no shares of capital stock of Target (the "Target Stock") have
------------
been reserved for issuance outside of the Plan, other than such shares of Target
Common Stock which have been reserved for issuance upon conversion of the Target
Preferred Stock. All issued and outstanding shares of Target capital stock have
been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable, are
not subject to any right of rescission and have been offered, issued, sold and
delivered by Target in compliance with all registration or qualification
requirements (or applicable exemptions therefrom) of applicable federal and
state securities laws, except where the failure to so qualify would not result
in a Material Adverse Effect on Target. All outstanding Target Options have been
duly authorized and validly issued, are not subject to any right of rescission
and have been offered and granted by Target in compliance with all registration
or qualification requirements (or applicable exemptions therefrom) of applicable
federal and state securities laws, except where the failure to so qualify would
not result in a Material Adverse Effect on Target. A list of all holders of
Target Stock and options to purchase Target Stock, and the number of shares and
options held by each, in each case as of the date hereof, has been delivered by
Target to Acquirer herewith as Item 2.3. No Target Options are subject to
--------
acceleration of vesting as a result of the Merger or otherwise, except as
disclosed on Item 2.3.
(b) Options/Rights. Except as disclosed in Section 2.3(a) or on
--------------
Item 2.3, there are no options, warrants, calls, commitments, conversion
- --------
privileges or preemptive or other rights or agreements outstanding to purchase
any of Target's authorized but unissued capital stock or any securities
convertible into or exchangeable for shares of Target Stock or obligating Target
to grant, extend, or enter into any such option, warrant, call, right,
commitment, conversion privilege or other right or agreement, and there is no
liability for dividends accrued but unpaid. Except as described in Item 2.3,
there are no voting agreements, rights of first refusal or other restrictions
(other than normal restrictions on transfer under applicable federal and state
securities laws) applicable to any of Target's outstanding securities. Except as
described in Item 2.3, Target is not under any obligation to register under the
Securities Act any of its presently outstanding securities or any securities
that may be subsequently issued.
2.4 Subsidiaries and Guaranties. Except as disclosed in Item 2.4 of
---------------------------
the Disclosure Letter, Target does not have any subsidiaries or any interest,
direct or indirect, in any
-7-
<PAGE>
corporation, partnership, joint venture or other business entity. Target is not
a guarantor of any obligation of a third party, whether or not such third party
is related to or affiliated with Target.
2.5 No Violation of Existing Agreements or Laws. Except as disclosed
-------------------------------------------
in Item 2.5, neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement or any Target
--------
Ancillary Agreement, nor the consummation of the transactions provided for
herein or therein, will conflict with, or (with or without notice or lapse of
time, or both) result in a termination, breach or violation of (a) any provision
of the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of Target, as currently in effect,
(b) any instrument or contract to which Target or is a party or by which Target
is bound or (c) any federal, state, local or foreign judgment, writ, decree,
order, statute, rule or regulation applicable to Target or any Subsidiary or
their respective assets or properties, other than, with respect to (a), (b) and
(c), any such conflict, termination, breach or violation that would not have a
Material Adverse Effect on Target. The consummation of the Merger and succession
by the Surviving Corporation to all rights, licenses, franchises, leases and
agreements of Target in and of itself will not require the consent of any third
party, except as disclosed in Item 2.5.
--------
2.6 Litigation. Except as disclosed in Item 2.6, there is no action,
----------
proceeding or claim or investigation pending against Target before any court or
administrative agency nor is there any basis therefor, nor has any party
threatened same. Except as disclosed in Item 2.6, there is no basis for any
--------
shareholder or former shareholder of Target, or any other person, firm,
corporation or entity to assert a claim against Target, Acquirer or the
Surviving Corporation as successor in interest to Target based upon: (a)
ownership or rights to ownership of any shares of Target Stock or other
securities, (b) any rights as a Target securities holder, including, without
limitation, any option or other right to acquire any Target securities, any
preemptive rights or any rights to notice or to vote or (c) any rights under any
agreement between Target and any Target securities holder or former Target
securities holder in such holder's capacity as such. There is no action, suit,
proceeding, claim, arbitration or investigation pending or as to which Target
has received any notice of assertion against Target, which in any manner
challenges or seeks to prevent, enjoin, materially alter or materially delay any
of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
2.7 Target Financial Statements. Target has delivered to Acquirer in
---------------------------
Item 2.7 Target's audited balance sheet as of December 31, 1998 (respectively,
- --------
the "Target Balance Sheet" and the "Balance Sheet Date") and Target's unaudited
-------------------- ------------------
balance sheet as of November 30, 1999 (respectively, the "Target Latest Balance
---------------------
Sheet" and the "Latest Balance Sheet Date") and Target's audited income
- ----- -------------------------
statements from the date of inception to December 31, 1998 and unaudited income
statement for the eleven months ended November 30, 1999 (collectively, the
"Target Financial Statements"). The Target Financial Statements (a) are in
---------------------------
accordance with the books and records of Target, (b) fairly and accurately
represent the financial condition of Target at the respective dates specified
therein and the results of operations for the respective periods specified
therein and (c) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles applied on a consistent basis, subject, in respect of
unaudited Target Financial Statements, to year-end audit adjustments and the
absence of footnotes. Except as disclosed in Item 2.7, Target has no debt,
--------
liability or obligation of any nature, whether accrued, absolute or contingent,
and whether due or to become due, that would be required under generally
accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") to be reflected on the liabilities
----
column of a balance sheet, prepared as of the date hereof in
-8-
<PAGE>
accordance with GAAP and is not reflected, reserved against or disclosed in the
Target Financial Statements, except for those that may have been incurred after
the Latest Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business consistent with
past practice ("Ordinary Course").
---------------
2.8 Taxes.
-----
(a) For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the
following meanings: "Tax" (and, with correlative meaning, "Taxes" and "Taxable")
----- -------
means any and all taxes, including without limitation (i) any income, profits,
alternative or add-on minimum tax, gross receipts, sales, use, value-added, ad
valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, withholding, payroll,
employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, net worth, premium, property,
environmental or windfall profit tax, custom, duty or other tax governmental fee
or assessment or charge of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest or
any penalty, addition to tax or additional amount imposed by any governmental
entity responsible for the imposition of any such tax (domestic or foreign) (a
"Taxing Authority"), (ii) any liability for the payment of any amounts of the
----------------
type described in clause (i) above as a result of being a member of an
affiliated, consolidated, combined or unitary group for any Taxable period or as
the result of being a transferee or successor thereof and (iii) any liability
for the payment of any amounts of the type described in clause (i) or (ii) above
as a result of any express or implied obligation to indemnify any other person.
(b) All Tax returns, statements, reports and forms (including
estimated Tax returns and reports and information returns and reports) required
to be filed with any Taxing Authority on or before the Effective Time, by or on
behalf of Target and each of its Subsidiaries (collectively, the "Target
------
Returns"), have been or will be filed when due (including any extensions of such
- -------
due date), and all amounts shown to be due thereon on or before the Effective
Time have been or will be paid on or before such date. The Target Financial
Statements fully accrue all actual liabilities for Taxes with respect to all
periods through the dates thereof and to the best knowledge of Target, Target
does not have any contingent liabilities for Taxes except as disclosed in Item
----
2.8 of the Disclosure Letter. The Target Latest Balance Sheet fully accrues
- ---
consistent with past practices and in accordance with GAAP all actual
liabilities for Taxes (i) with respect to all periods through the Latest Balance
Sheet Date, and (ii) with respect to all transactions and events occurring on or
prior to such date. All information set forth in the notes to the Target
Financial Statements relating to Tax matters is true, complete and accurate in
all material respects.
(c) No Tax liability since January 1, 1999 has been incurred
other than in the ordinary course of business, and adequate provision has been
made for all Taxes since that date in accordance with past practices on a timely
basis. Target has timely withheld and paid to the applicable financial
institution or Taxing Authority all amounts required to be withheld. Copies of
audit reports, if any, previously have been provided to Acquirer or are with
respect to Target Returns for which the applicable period for assessment under
applicable law, after giving effect to extensions or waivers, has expired.
Target has not granted any extension or waiver of the limitation period
applicable to any Target Returns.
(d) There is no claim, audit, action, suit, proceeding, or
investigation now pending or, to the best knowledge of Target, threatened
against or with respect to Target or any Subsidiary in respect of any Tax, nor
to the best knowledge of Target is there any basis
-9-
<PAGE>
therefor. There are no liabilities for Taxes with respect to any notice of
deficiency or similar document of any Tax Authority received by Target or any
Subsidiary which have not been satisfied in full (including liabilities for
interest, additions to tax and penalties thereon and related expenses). Neither
Target nor any Subsidiary nor any person on behalf of Target has entered into or
will enter into any agreement or consent pursuant to Section 341(f) of the Code.
There are no liens for taxes upon the assets of Target or any Subsidiary except
liens for current Taxes not yet due. Except as disclosed in Item 2.8, Target has
--------
not been and will not be required to include any adjustment in Taxable income
for any Tax period (or portion thereof) pursuant to Section 481 or 263A of the
Code or any comparable provision under state or foreign Tax laws as a result of
transactions, events or accounting methods employed prior to the Closing.
(e) There is no contract, agreement, plan or arrangement,
including without limitation the provisions of this Agreement and the Employment
Agreements, covering any employee, director or independent contractor or former
employee, director or independent contractor of Target that, individually or
collectively, could give rise to the payment of any amount that would not be
deductible pursuant to Section 280G or Section 162 of the Code (as determined
without regard to Section 280G(b)(4)). Other than pursuant to this Agreement,
Target or any Subsidiary is not a party to or bound by (or will prior to the
Effective Date become a party to or bound by) any tax indemnity, tax sharing or
tax allocation agreement. Target has previously provided or made available to
Acquirer true and correct copies of all Target Returns, and, as reasonably
requested by Acquirer, prior to or following the date hereof, presently existing
information statements, reports, work papers, Tax opinions and memoranda and
other Tax data and documents.
Target has not been at any time within the past five years, and
will not be prior to the Effective Time, a "United States real property holding
corporation" within the meaning of Section 897(c)(2) of the Code.
2.9 Title to Properties. Except as disclosed in Item 2.9, Target
------------------- --------
has good and marketable title to all of its material assets and properties
(including but not limited to those shown on the balance sheet as of the Latest
Balance Sheet Date included in the Target Financial Statements), free and clear
of all liens, charges or encumbrances (other than ( i ) liens for taxes not yet
due and payable; (ii) liens or obligations reflected or disclosed on the Latest
Balance Sheet as of the Latest Balance Sheet Date; (iii) liens which are not
material in character, amount or extent, and which do not materially detract
from the value or materially interfere with the use of the property subject
thereto or affected thereby; and (iv) contractor's liens and liens with respect
to taxes that are not yet due and payable (the foregoing (i), (ii), (iii) and
(iv), "Permitted Liens"). The machinery and equipment included in such assets
---------------
are in good condition and repair, normal wear and tear excepted, and all leases
of real or personal property to which Target or any Subsidiary is a party are
fully effective and afford Target or the Subsidiary peaceful and undisturbed
possession of the subject matter of the lease. Neither Target nor any Subsidiary
is in violation of any zoning, building, safety or environmental ordinance,
regulation or requirement or other law or regulation applicable to the operation
of owned or leased real property which would have a Material Adverse Effect on
Target, and neither Target nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of such
violation with which it has not complied or had waived.
-10-
<PAGE>
2.10 Absence of Certain Changes. Since the Latest Balance Sheet
--------------------------
Date, Target has carried on its business in the Ordinary Course substantially in
accordance with the procedures and practices in effect on the Balance Sheet
Date. Except as disclosed in Item 2.10 or in connection with the transactions
---------
contemplated by this Agreement and the Target Ancillary Agreements, since the
Latest Balance Sheet Date there has not been with respect to Target:
(a) any change in the financial condition, properties, assets,
liabilities, business, material rights relating to Intellectual Property (as
defined below), results of operations, which change by itself or in conjunction
with all other such changes, whether or not arising in the Ordinary Course, have
had or is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect on Target;
(b) any contingent liability incurred thereby as guarantor or
surety with respect to the obligations of others;
(c) any mortgage, encumbrance or lien placed on any of the assets
or properties thereof (other than Permitted Liens);
(d) any obligation or liability incurred thereby other than in
the Ordinary Course, which obligations or liabilities do not exceed in the
aggregate $50,000;
(e) any purchase, license, sale or other disposition, or any
agreement or other arrangement for the purchase, license, sale or other
disposition, of any of the properties, assets or goodwill of Target other than
in the Ordinary Course;
(f) any damage, destruction or loss, whether or not covered by
insurance, that has had a Material Adverse Effect on Target;
(g) any declaration, setting aside or payment of any dividend on,
or the making of any other distribution in respect of, the capital stock
thereof, any split, stock dividend, combination or recapitalization of the
capital stock thereof, any direct or indirect redemption, purchase or other
acquisition of the capital stock thereof;
(h) any labor dispute or claim of unfair labor practices, any
change in the compensation payable or to become payable to any of its officers,
employees or agents (other than pursuant to existing agreements set out on Item
----
2.10(h) or, in the case of non-officers, in the Ordinary Course), or any bonus
- -------
payment or arrangement made to or with any of such officers, employees or agents
other than amounts paid pursuant to Employee Plans, as that term is defined in
Section 2.15.3, disclosed in Item 2.15.3 or bonuses in an aggregate amount not
- --------------
to exceed $50,000 for all persons to whom bonuses are paid;
(i) any loss of key executive, management or development
personnel thereof;
(j) any payment or discharge of a lien or liability thereof,
which lien or liability was not either (i) shown on the balance sheet as of the
Latest Balance Sheet Date included
-11-
<PAGE>
in the Target Financial Statements or (ii) incurred in the Ordinary Course after
the Latest Balance Sheet Date;
(k) any obligation or liability incurred thereby to any of its
officers, directors, shareholders or affiliates, or any loans or advances made
thereby to any of its officers, directors, shareholders or affiliates, except
normal compensation and expense allowances payable to officers and employees;
(l) any loss on or prior to the date of this Agreement of one or
more Material Customers (as defined in Section 2.24) or such number of customers
which together represent a material amount of business or any indication that
such a loss is, or losses are, reasonably likely;
(m) any amendment or change in the Articles of Incorporation or
Bylaws of Target;
(n) any issuance or sale of any debt or equity securities
(including but not limited to stock) thereby or of any options or other rights
to acquire from Target, directly or indirectly, any debt or equity securities
(including but not limited to stock) thereof other than the issuance of Target
Options issued pursuant to the Plan and included in the 297,737 shares subject
to outstanding Target Options listed in Section 2.3(a) and shares of Target
Common Stock issued upon exercise of Target Options issued pursuant to the Plan;
or
(o) any termination, or any extension, amendment, relinquishment,
expiration or non-renewal that to Target's knowledge resulted from third party
dissatisfaction with Target's services or contract performance, of any contract
to which Target is a party, or any written request received by Target for or to
effect any of the foregoing, other than, in each such case, where any such
action or requested action would not have a Material Adverse Effect on Target.
2.11 Agreements and Commitments. As of the date hereof, except as
--------------------------
disclosed in Item 2.11 delivered by Target to Acquirer herewith, or as disclosed
---------
in Item 2.12, Item 2.15.3 or Item 2.15.6 as required by Section 2.12, Section
--------- ----------- -----------
2.15.3 or Section 2.15.6, as the case may be, on the date of this Agreement
Target is not a party or subject to any oral or written executory contract or,
to the extent expressly enumerated in paragraphs below, commitment, that is
material to Target, its financial condition, business or prospects, including
but not limited to the following:
(a) Any contract, commitment, letter agreement or purchase order
providing for payments by or to Target in an aggregate amount of (i) $50,000 or
more in the Ordinary Course or (ii) $20,000 or more not in the Ordinary Course;
(b) Any license agreement under which Target is licensor (except
for any nonexclusive software license granted by Target to customers in the
Ordinary Course); or under which Target is licensee (except for standard "shrink
wrap" licenses for off-the-shelf software products with a license fee or
purchase price of under $5,000 per copy or seat);
-12-
<PAGE>
(c) Any material agreement by Target to encumber, transfer or sell
rights in or with respect to any material item of Target Intellectual Property
(as defined in Section 2.12 hereof), excluding non-exclusive software licenses;
(d) Any agreement for the sale or lease of real or tangible personal
property involving more than $25,000 per year;
(e) Any dealer, distributor, sales representative, original equipment
manufacturer, value-added remarketer or other agreement for the distribution of
Target's products;
(f) Any franchise agreement;
(g) Any stock redemption or agreement obligating Target to purchase
its capital stock;
(h) Any joint venture contract or arrangement or any other agreement
that involves a sharing of profits with other persons or the payment of
royalties to any other person, excluding non-exclusive software licenses;
(i) Any instrument evidencing indebtedness for borrowed money by way
of direct loan, sale of debt securities, purchase money obligation, conditional
sale, guarantee or otherwise, except for trade indebtedness or any advance to
any employee of Target incurred or made in the Ordinary Course, and except as
disclosed in the Target Financial Statements;
(j) Any contract containing covenants purporting to limit Target's
freedom to compete in any line of business, market or industry and/or in any
geographic area; or
(k) Any contract for the employment of any officer, employee or
consultant of Target or any other type of contract or commitment with any
officer, employee or consultant of Target that is not immediately terminable by
Target without cost or other liability.
Except as noted in Item 2.5, all agreements, obligations and
--------
commitments disclosed in Item 2.11, Item 2.12, Item 2.15.3 or Item 2.15.6 as
--------- --------- ----------- -----------
required by Section 2.11, Section 2.12, Section 2.15.3 or Section 2.15.6, as the
case may be, are valid and in full force and effect, except where the failure to
be such would not have a Material Adverse Effect on Target. Except as noted on
Item 2.11, neither Target nor to Target's knowledge any other party is in breach
- ---------
of or default under any material term of any such agreement, obligation or
commitment nor has such other party threatened such a breach or default. Target
is not a party to any contract or arrangement that it believes will have a
Material Adverse Effect on Target. Target does not have liability for
renegotiation of government contracts or subcontracts which can reasonably be
expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Target.
-13-
<PAGE>
2.12 Intellectual Property.
---------------------
(a) For purposes of this Agreement, "Intellectual Property"
---------------------
means:
(i) all issued patents, reissued or reexamined patents,
revivals of patents, utility models, certificates of invention, registrations of
patents and extensions thereof, regardless of country or formal name
(collectively, "Issued Patents");
--------------
(ii) all published or unpublished nonprovisional and
provisional patent applications, reexamination proceedings, invention
disclosures and records of invention (collectively "Patent Applications" and,
-------------------
with the Issued Patents, the "Patents");
-------
(iii) all copyrights, copyrightable works, semiconductor
topography and mask work rights, including all rights of authorship, use,
publication, reproduction, distribution, performance, transformation, moral
rights and rights of ownership of copyrightable works, semiconductor topography
works and mask works, and all rights to register and obtain renewals and
extensions of registrations, together with all other interests accruing by
reason of international copyright, semiconductor topography and mask work
conventions (collectively, "Copyrights");
----------
(iv) trademarks, registered trademarks, applications for
registration of trademarks, service marks, registered service marks,
applications for registration of service marks, trade names, registered trade
names and applications for registrations of trade names (collectively,
"Trademarks");
----------
(v) all technology, ideas, inventions, designs,
proprietary information, manufacturing and operating specifications, know-how,
formulae, trade secrets, technical data and proprietary processes;
(vi) all databases and all collected data and all rights
therein throughout the world;
(vii) all computer software, including all source code,
object code firmware, development tools, files, records and data and all media
on which any of the foregoing is recorded; and
(viii) all Web addresses, rights and domain names and all
rights under all Web cross-linking agreements.
(b) With respect to each item of Intellectual Property
incorporated into any product of Target or used in connection with any service
offered or provided by Target or otherwise used in the business of Target and in
each case owned by Target or licensed to Target (except "off the shelf" or other
software widely available through regular commercial distribution channels at a
cost not exceeding $5,000 per copy or seat or CPU on standard, non-negotiated
terms and conditions) ("Target Intellectual Property"), the Target Disclosure
----------------------------
Letter lists as of the date of this Agreement at Item 2.12:
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<PAGE>
(i) all Patents, all registered Trademarks, and all registered
Copyrights, including the jurisdictions in which each such Intellectual Property
has been issued or registered or in which any such application for such issuance
and registration has been filed.
(ii) the following agreements relating to the products or service
offerings or capabilities of Target, including products or service offerings or
capabilities currently under development (collectively the "Target Services") or
---------------
other Target Intellectual Property: all (A) agreements granting any right to
distribute or sublicense any of the Target Services on any exclusive basis, (B)
any exclusive licenses of Intellectual Property to or from Target, (C) projects
under agreements pursuant to which the amounts actually paid or payable
individually under firm commitments to or by Target are $50,000 or more, (D)
joint development agreements, (E) any agreement by which Target grants any
ownership right to any Intellectual Property owned by Target other than
nonexclusive software licenses entered into with customers in the Ordinary
Course, (F) any option relating to any Target Intellectual Property, and (G)
agreements pursuant to which any party is granted any rights to access source
code or to use source code to create derivative works of Target Intellectual
Property.
(c) The Target Disclosure Letter contains an accurate list as of the
date of this Agreement of all licenses, sublicenses and other agreements to
which Target is a party and pursuant to which Target is authorized to use any
Intellectual Property owned by any third party (except "off the shelf" or other
software widely available through regular commercial distribution channels at a
cost not exceeding $5,000 per copy or seat or CPU on standard non-negotiated
terms and conditions and any rights implied by law) ("Third Party Intellectual
------------------------
Property").
- --------
(d) To the best of Target's knowledge, there is no unauthorized use,
disclosure, infringement or misappropriation of any Target Intellectual
Property, including any Third Party Intellectual Property, by any employee of
Target and Target has not received actual notice that any former employee or any
other third party has made any unauthorized use, disclosure, infringement or
misappropriation of any Target Intellectual Property, including any Third Party
Intellectual Property. Target has not entered into any agreement to indemnify
any other person against any charge of infringement of any Intellectual
Property, other than indemnification provisions contained in sales or services
agreements arising in the ordinary course of business, copies of which have been
delivered to Acquirer or its counsel. There are no royalties, fees or other
payments payable by Target to any Person, under any written or oral contract or
understanding or otherwise, by reason of the ownership, use, sale or disposition
of any Intellectual Property.
(e) Target is not in breach of any license, sublicense or other
agreement relating to the Target Intellectual Property or Third Party
Intellectual Property Rights. Neither the execution, delivery or performance of
this Agreement or any ancillary agreement contemplated hereby nor the
consummation of the Merger or any of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement will contravene, conflict with or result in any violation of
Acquirer's right to own or use any Target Intellectual Property, including any
Third Party Intellectual Property.
(f) All registered Trademarks and registered service marks held by
Target are valid and subsisting. Except for such as are not past due, all
maintenance and annual fees have been fully paid and all fees paid during
prosecution and after issuance of any patent comprising or relating to such item
have been paid in the correct entity status amounts. Target has not infringed,
misappropriated or made unlawful use of, is not currently infringing,
misappropriating or making unlawful use of, and has not received any written
notice or written communication alleging or
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<PAGE>
relating to any actual, alleged, possible or potential infringement,
misappropriation or unlawful use of, any Intellectual Property or other
proprietary right or asset owned or used by any third party. Without limiting
the foregoing, the offering and sale of the Target Services by Target does not,
and the offering and sale of the Target Services by the Surviving Corporation
immediately after the Effective Time will not, and the business of Target as
conducted as of the date hereof does not, and Target's use of Intellectual
Property as of the date hereof does not, to Target's knowledge, infringe or
violate any Intellectual Property of any other person. There is no proceeding
pending or threatened, nor has any written claim or demand been made, which
challenges the legality, validity, enforceability or ownership of any item of
Target Intellectual Property or Third Party Intellectual Property. Target has
not brought a proceeding alleging infringement of Target Intellectual Property
or breach of any license or agreement involving Intellectual Property against
any third party.
(g) All current and former officers and managerial and technical
employees and employees engaged in development of Target have executed and
delivered to Target an agreement (containing no exceptions or exclusions from
the scope of its coverage other than as set forth in the standard form supplied
to Acquirer) regarding the protection of proprietary information and the
assignment to Target of any Intellectual Property arising from services
performed for Target by such persons, the form of which has been supplied to
Acquirer. All current and former consultants and independent contractors to
Target involved in the development, modification, marketing and servicing of
Target's products, and/or Target Intellectual Property have executed and
delivered to Target an agreement (containing no exceptions or exclusions from
the scope of its coverage other than as set forth in the standard form)
regarding the protection of proprietary information and the assignment to Target
of any Intellectual Property arising from services performed for Target by such
persons except where the failure to obtain such agreements from former employees
and independent contractors would not have a Material Adverse Effect on Target.
To the knowledge of Target, no employee or independent contractor of Target is
in violation of any term relating to Intellectual Property of any patent
disclosure agreement or employment contract or any other contract or agreement
relating to the relationship of any such employee or independent contractor with
Target or of any other term of any such agreements or contracts. Other than
with respect to Third Party Intellectual Property that is not used in connection
with Target Services, no current or former officer, director, shareholder,
employee, consultant or independent contractor has any right, claim or interest
in or with respect to any Target Intellectual Property. To the best knowledge of
Target, Target is not using any trade secrets, and to the knowledge of Target,
Target is not using any other confidential information, of any former employer
of any past or present employees.
(h) Target has taken all commercially reasonable and customary
measures and precautions necessary to protect and maintain the confidentiality
of all Target Intellectual Property (except such Target Intellectual Property
whose value would be unimpaired by public disclosure) and otherwise to maintain
and protect the full value of all Intellectual Property it owns except where
such failure to protect and maintain would not have a Material Adverse Effect on
Target. All use, disclosure or appropriation of confidential and proprietary
information of any third party ("Confidential Information") has, to Target's
------------------------
knowledge, been pursuant to the terms of a written agreement between Target and
the owner of such Confidential Information, or is otherwise lawful.
(i) No product liability claims have been communicated in writing to
or, to Target's knowledge, threatened against Target.
-16-
<PAGE>
(j) A complete list of each of the principal Target Services,
together with a brief description of each, is set forth in Schedule 2.12(j). The
----------------
Target Services, including the performance and results thereof, conform in all
material respects with any published specification, published documentation or
written performance standard provided with respect thereto by Target.
(k) Target is not subject to any proceeding or outstanding decree,
order, judgment, or stipulation which may affect the validity, use or
enforceability of any Target Intellectual Property or restricting in any manner
the use, transfer, or licensing thereof by Target. Target is not subject to any
agreement which restricts in any material respect the use, transfer, or
licensing by Target of the Target Intellectual Property or Target Services,
excluding agreements relating to Third Party Intellectual Property.
(l) Target owns all right, title and interest in, or has the right to
use, all Intellectual Property that is material to or reasonably necessary to
the conduct of its business as presently conducted ("Material Target
---------------
Intellectual Property"). Target is not aware of any loss, cancellation,
- ---------------------
termination or expiration of any Patent or Patent Application, registered
Trademark, or registered Copyright relating to any Material Target Intellectual
Property. Copies of all forms of nondisclosure or confidentiality agreements
currently utilized by Target to protect the Target Intellectual Property have
been provided to Acquirer. Except as set out in Item 2.12, Target has not
granted any reseller, distributor, sales representative, original equipment
manufacturer, value added reseller or other third party any right to reproduce,
manufacture, sell, license, furnish or distribute any Target Services in any
market segment or geographic location.
2.13 Compliance with Laws. Except for noncompliance that would not
--------------------
result in a Material Adverse Effect on Target, Target has complied, or prior to
the Closing Date (as defined in Section 6.1 hereof) will have complied, and is
or will be at the Closing Date (as defined in Section 6.1 hereof) in full
compliance, in all material respects, with all applicable laws, ordinances,
regulations and rules, and all orders, writs, injunctions, awards, judgments and
decrees, applicable to Target or to the assets, properties and business thereof,
including, without limitation: (a) all applicable federal and state securities
laws and regulations except as disclosed in Item 2.3, (b) all applicable
--------
federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, and all orders,
writs, injunctions, awards, judgments and decrees, pertaining to (i) the sale,
licensing, leasing, ownership or management of owned, leased or licensed real or
personal property, products or technical data, (ii) employment or employment
practices, terms and conditions of employment, or wages and hours and (iii)
safety, health, fire prevention, environmental protection (including toxic waste
disposal and related matters described in Section 2.21 hereof), building
standards, zoning or other similar matters, (c) the Export Administration Act
and regulations promulgated thereunder and other laws, regulations, rules,
orders, writs, injunctions, judgments or decrees applicable to the export or re-
export of controlled commodities or technical data, (d) the Immigration Reform
and Control Act and (e) all governmental and nongovernmental regulations related
to the operation and use of the Internet. Except as disclosed in Item 2.5,
---------
Target has received all permits and approvals from, and has made all filings
with, third parties, including government agencies and authorities, that are
necessary to the conduct of its business as presently conducted except where the
failure to receive such permit or approval or make such filing would not have a
Material Adverse Effect on Target.
2.14 Certain Transactions and Agreements. No person who is an
-----------------------------------
officer of Target nor any member of their immediate families, has any direct or
indirect ownership interest in
-17-
<PAGE>
or any employment or consulting agreement with any firm or corporation that
competes with Target (except with respect to any interest in less than 2% of the
outstanding voting shares of any corporation whose stock is publicly traded).
Except as disclosed in Item 2.14, none of said officers or any directors of
---------
Target or any member of their immediate families, is directly or indirectly
interested in any contract with Target, including, but not limited to, any loan
agreements (excluding travel advances), except for normal compensation for
services as an officer (disclosed in Item 2.15.3), director or employee of
-----------
Target and except for the normal rights of a shareholder, warrantholder or
optionholder. Except as disclosed in Item 2.14, none of such officers or
---------
directors or family members has, except for the normal rights of a shareholder
or an option holder, any interest in any (a) Target Intellectual Property or (b)
any interest in any property (other than Target Intellectual Property) used in
the business of Target, whether such property is real or personal, tangible or
intangible.
2.15 Employees.
---------
2.15.1 Except as disclosed in Item 2.15.1, Target does not have
-----------
any employment contract or consulting agreement currently in effect that is not
terminable at will without penalty or payment of compensation by Target (other
than agreements with the purpose of providing for the confidentiality of
proprietary information or assignment of inventions).
2.15.2 Target (a) has not ever been or is now subject to a union
organizing effort, (b) is not subject to any collective bargaining agreement
with respect to any of its employees, (c) is not subject to any other material
contract, written or oral, with any trade or labor union, employees' association
or similar organization or (d) does not have has any current labor dispute.
Target has good labor relations, and has no knowledge of any facts indicating
that the consummation of the transactions provided for herein (other than any
contemplated reductions in force associated therewith) will have a Material
Adverse Effect on Target and has no knowledge that any of its key development or
other employees intends to leave its employ where such departure would
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on Target.
2.15.3 Item 2.15.3 delivered by Target to Acquirer herewith
-----------
contains a list of all severance agreements, pension, retirement, disability,
medical, dental or other health plans, life insurance or other death benefit
plans, profit sharing, deferred compensation agreements, stock, option, bonus or
other incentive plans, vacation, sick, holiday or other paid leave plans,
severance plans or other similar employee benefit plans maintained by Target or
any trade or business which is treated as a single employer with Target within
the meaning of Code Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) (each an "ERISA Affiliate")
---------------
or in which any employees of Target participate (the "Employee Plans"),
--------------
including without limitation all "employee benefit plans" as defined in Section
3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
("ERISA"), as well as all employment and consulting agreements to which Target
-----
is a party. Except as disclosed in Item 2.15.3, each of the Employee Plans, and
-----------
its operation and administration, is in compliance in all material respects with
each of the respective Employee Plans' terms and with all applicable, federal,
state, local and other governmental laws and ordinances, orders, rules and
regulations, including the requirements of ERISA and the Code. Target has
delivered to Acquirer a true and complete copy of, to the extent applicable, (a)
all Employee Plans as well as all employment and consulting agreements to which
Target is a party as
-18-
<PAGE>
amended, (b) the three most recent annual reports (Form 5500s), (c) each trust
agreement related to such Employee Plans, (d) most recent summary plan
description for each Employee Plan for which a description is required, (e) the
most recent Internal Revenue Service determination letter issued with respect to
any Employee Plan, and (f) any material contract regarding the funding
arrangement for any Employee Plan. Except as disclosed in Item 2.15.3, all such
-----------
Employee Plans that are "employee pension benefit plans" (as defined in Section
3(2) of ERISA) which are intended to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code
have received favorable determination opinion, notification or advisory letters
with respect to such plans that such plans comply with the Tax Reform Act of
1986 or have remaining a period of time under applicable Treasury regulations or
IRS pronouncements in which to apply for such a letter and make any amendments
necessary to obtain a favorable determination as to the qualified states of each
such Employee Plan. In addition, neither Target nor any Subsidiary has ever been
a participant in any "prohibited transaction," within the meaning of Section 406
of ERISA with respect to any employee pension benefit plan (as defined in
Section 3(2) of ERISA) which Target or any Subsidiary sponsors as employer or in
which Target or any Subsidiary participates as an employer, which would impose a
material penalty on Target or which was not otherwise exempt pursuant to Section
408 of ERISA (including, but not limited to, any individual exemption granted
under Section 408(a) of ERISA), or which could result in an excise tax under the
Code. The group health plans, as defined in Section 4980B(g) of the Code, that
benefit employees of Target or any Subsidiary are in compliance in all material
respects with the continuation coverage requirements of subsection 4980B of the
Code. There are no outstanding violations of Section 4980B of the Code with
respect to any Employee Plan, covered employees or qualified beneficiaries.
Except as set forth in Item 2.15.3, no Employee Plans will be subject to any
surrender fees or service fees upon termination other than the normal and
reasonable administrative fees associated with the termination of benefit plans.
Except as disclosed in Item 2.15.3, no employee of Target or any Subsidiary and
-----------
no person subject to any Target or any Subsidiary health plan has made medical
claims through such health plan during the twelve months preceding the date
hereof for more than $20,000 in the aggregate.
2.15.4 To the knowledge of Target, no employee of Target is in
violation of any term of any employment contract, patent or trade secret
disclosure agreement or noncompetition agreement or any other contract or
agreement, or any restrictive covenant, relating to the right of any such
employee to be employed by Target or to use trade secrets or proprietary
information of others, and the employment of any employee of Target does not
subject Target to any material liability to any third party.
2.15.5 Except as disclosed in Item 2.15.5, Target is not a party to
-----------
any (a) agreement with any employee of Target (i) the benefits of which are
contingent, or the terms of which are materially altered, upon the occurrence of
a transaction involving Target in the nature of any of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement (ii) providing any term of employment or
compensation guarantee or (iii) providing severance benefits or other benefits
after the termination of employment of such employee regardless of the reason
for such termination of employment other than as required by law, or (b)
agreement or plan, including, without limitation, any stock option plan, stock
appreciation rights plan or stock purchase plan, any of the benefits of which
will be materially increased, or the vesting of benefits of which will be
materially accelerated, by the occurrence of any of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. Except as disclosed in Item
----
-19-
<PAGE>
2.15.4, each Target Option was granted with an exercise price per share equal to
- -------
the fair market value of the underlying shares covered by such option on the
date of grant. All Target Options granted as incentive stock options met the
requirements of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code on the date of grant.
All Options granted to individuals who are not identified as independent
contractors or non-employee directors may properly be accounted for under
Accounting Principles Bulletin 25.
2.15.6 A list of all employees of Target and their current
base compensation as of the date of this Agreement is disclosed on Item 2.15.6.
-----------
Copies of all offer letters and other documents reflecting bonus arrangements of
any Target officer, director or employee have been delivered to Acquirer.
2.15.7 All contributions due from Target with respect to any
of the Employee Plans through the Latest Balance Sheet Date have been made or
accrued on Target's financial statements.
2.16 Corporate Documents. Target has made available to Acquirer
-------------------
for examination all documents and information disclosed in Items 2.1 through
---------
2.25 or other exhibits called for by this Agreement which have been reasonably
- ----
requested by Acquirer' legal counsel, including, without limitation, the
following: (a) copies of Target's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws as
currently in effect; (b) Target's minute book containing all records of all
proceedings, consents, actions and meetings of Target's directors and
shareholders; (c) Target's stock ledger, journal and other records reflecting
all stock issuances and transfers; and (d) all permits, orders and consents
issued by any regulatory agency with respect to Target, or any securities of
Target, and all applications for such permits, orders and consents.
2.17 No Brokers. Except as disclosed in Item 2.17, Target is not
---------- ---------
obligated for the payment of fees or expenses of any investment banker, broker
or finder in connection with the origin, negotiation or execution of this
Agreement or in connection with any transaction provided for herein or therein.
2.18 Books and Records. The books, records and accounts of Target
-----------------
(a) are in all material respects true and complete, and (b) have been maintained
in accordance with reasonable business practices.
2.19 Environmental Matters.
---------------------
2.19.1 During the period that Target has leased or owned its
properties or leased, owned or operated any facilities, there have been no
disposals, releases or threatened releases of Hazardous Materials (as defined
below) on, from or under any such properties or facilities that would have a
Material Adverse Effect on Target. Target has no knowledge of any presence,
disposals, releases or threatened releases of Hazardous Materials on, from or
under any of such properties or facilities, which may have occurred prior to
Target or any Subsidiary having taken possession of any of such properties or
facilities which might reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect
on Target. For purposes of this Agreement, the terms "disposal," "release," and
-------- -------
"threatened release" have the definitions assigned thereto by the Comprehensive
------------------
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<PAGE>
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, 42 U.S.C. (S)
9601 et seq., as amended ("CERCLA"). For the purposes of this Section 2.21,
------
"Hazardous Materials" mean any hazardous or toxic substance, material or waste
-------------------
which is or becomes prior to the Closing Date, regulated under, or defined as a
"hazardous substance," "pollutant," "contaminant," "toxic chemical," "hazardous
material," "toxic substance" or "hazardous chemical" under (i) CERCLA; (ii) the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 U.S.C. Section 11001 et
--
seq.; (iii) the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. Section 1801,
- ---
et seq.; (iv) the Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 2601 et seq.;
- -- --- -- ---
(v) the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. Section 651 et
--
seq.; (vi) regulations promulgated under any of the above statutes; or (vii) any
- ---
other applicable federal, state or local statute, ordinance, rule or regulation
that has a scope or purpose similar to those identified above.
2.19.2 None of the properties or facilities currently leased or
owned by Target or any properties or facilities previously leased or owned by
Target is in violation of any federal, state or local law, ordinance, regulation
or order relating to industrial hygiene or to the environmental conditions on,
under or about such properties or facilities, including, but not limited to,
soil and ground water condition which violation would have a Material Adverse
Effect on Target.
2.19.3 During Target's occupancy of any properties or facilities
owned or leased at any time by Target, neither Target, nor to Target's
knowledge, any third party, has used, generated, manufactured, released or
stored on, under or about such properties and facilities or transported to or
from such properties and facilities any Hazardous Materials that would have or
is reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect on Target.
2.19.4 During the time that Target has owned or leased the
properties and facilities currently occupied by it or any properties and
facilities previously occupied by Target, there has been no material litigation,
proceeding or administrative action brought or threatened against Target, or any
material settlement reached by Target with, any party or parties alleging the
presence, disposal, release or threatened release of any Hazardous Materials on,
from or under any of such properties or facilities.
2.20 Government Contracts. All representations, certifications and
--------------------
disclosures made by Target to any Government Contract Party (as defined below)
have been in all material respects current, complete and accurate at the times
they were made. There have been no acts, omissions or noncompliance with regard
to any applicable public contracting statute, regulation or contract requirement
(whether express or incorporated by reference) relating to any of Target's
contracts with any Government Contract Party (as defined below) in either case
that have led to or is reasonably likely to lead to, either before or after the
Closing Date, (a) any material claim or dispute involving Target, and/or
Acquirer as successor in interest to Target and any Government Contract Party or
(b) any suspension, debarment or contract termination, or proceeding related
thereto. There has been no act or omission that relates to the marketing,
licensing or selling to any Government Contract
-21-
<PAGE>
Party. For purposes of this Section 2.20, the term "Government Contract Party"
-------------------------
means any independent or executive agency, division, subdivision, audit group or
procuring office of the federal, state, county, local or municipal government,
including any prime contractor of the federal government and any higher level
subcontractor of a prime contractor of the federal government, and including any
employees or agents thereof, in each case acting in such capacity.
2.21 Year 2000 Conformity. All software, computer hardware and other
--------------------
systems developed or modified by or for Target, or provided to Target customers
in connection with Target Services, or used by Target pursuant to contracts or
licenses entered into by Target to an extent critical to providing Target
Services ("Target Items"): (i) will record, store, process, calculate and
------------
present calendar dates falling on and after (and if applicable, spans of time
including) January 1, 2000, and will calculate any information dependent on or
relating to such dates in the same manner, and with the same functionality, data
integrity and performance, as the products record, store, process, calculate and
present calendar dates on or before December 31, 1999, or calculate any
information dependent on or relating to such dates (collectively, "Year 2000
---------
Compliant") and (ii) will lose no functionality with respect to the introduction
- ---------
of records containing dates falling on or after January 1, 2000, except insofar
as such Target Items interface with other software, hardware or systems that are
not Target Items and that are not Year 2000 Compliant.
2.22 Warranties, Guarantees and Indemnities. Except as disclosed in
--------------------------------------
Item 2.22 or in the agreements or contract listed herein, Target has not
- ---------
provided to its customers or any third parties (i) any warranties or guarantees
regarding the Target Services; (ii) any rights to obtain refunds with respect to
Target Services or (iii) any indemnities with respect to intellectual property
infringement or Year 2000 compliance.
2.23 No Stockholder Claims. No Target Stockholder has claimed in
---------------------
writing any interest in any additional shares of Target Stock, or any options,
warrants or other securities of Target, except for the number of shares of
Target Stock which such person is shown to be the owner of on Item 2.3, and no
--------
third party who is not disclosed on Item 2.3 has made in writing, any claim of
--------
entitlement to receive any shares of the capital stock of Target, any warrants
or other rights to acquire any capital stock of Target or any other securities
of Target, and to Target's knowledge no such claim has been made orally.
2.24 Customer Relationships. Target has good commercial working
----------------------
relationships with its customers. Except as disclosed in Item 2.24, no customer
---------
accounting for more than 5% of the Target's revenues in any month during the
last eleven calendar months ending November 30, 1999 ("Material Customer") has
-----------------
canceled or otherwise terminated its relationship with Target, decreased or
limited materially the amount of product or services ordered from Target or
threatened in writing (or to Target's knowledge orally) to take any such action.
2.25. Product and Service Quality. All services provided by Target
---------------------------
to customers on or prior to the Closing Date conform to applicable contractual
commitments, implied warranties not disclaimed, express warranties, product
specifications and quality standards published by Target in all material
respects, and Target does not have any material liability (and Target is not
aware of any basis for any present or future action, suit, proceeding, hearing,
investigation, charge, complaint, claim or demand against Target giving rise to
any liability) for replacement or repair thereof, or for the taking of any
remedial action with respect thereto or other
-22-
<PAGE>
damages in connection therewith. All material complaints received since January
1, 1999 from customers regarding Target's services are set out in Item 2.25 in
---------
detail reasonably sufficient to understand the nature of the complaint and the
resolution or lack of resolution thereof.
2.26 Insurance. Target maintains the insurance coverage disclosed on
---------
Item 2.26 which it believes to be reasonably prudent for similarly sized and
- ----------
similarly situated business. Item 2.26 sets forth all claims made under such
insurance policies since Target's inception and the premiums that apply with
respect to such insurance policies as of the date of this Agreement.
3. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF ACQUIRER AND NEWCO
Each of Acquirer and Newco, where applicable, hereby represents and
warrants, that, except as disclosed on the Acquirer disclosure letter delivered
to Target herewith as amended from time to time in non-material respects prior
to Closing:
3.1 Organization and Good Standing. Acquirer is a corporation duly
------------------------------
organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of
Delaware, and Newco is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in
good standing under the laws of the State of Utah. Each of Acquirer and Newco
has the corporate power and authority to own, operate and lease its properties
and to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted.
3.2 Power, Authorization and Validity; Adverse Changes.
---------------------------------------------------
3.2.1 Each of Acquirer and Newco has the corporate right, power,
legal capacity and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under
this Agreement, and under the Escrow Agreement and each other agreement to be
entered by Acquirer in connection (the "Acquirer Ancillary Agreements"). This
-----------------------------
Agreement and the Acquirer Ancillary Agreements have been or will be duly
executed and delivered by Acquirer and Newco, as applicable. The execution,
delivery and performance of this Agreement and the Acquirer Ancillary Agreements
have been duly and validly approved and authorized by Acquirer's Board of
Directors and Newco's Board of Directors and shareholders, as applicable, and no
other corporate approvals or proceedings on the part of Acquirer or Newco are
necessary to authorize this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
3.2.2 No filing, authorization or approval, governmental or
otherwise, is necessary or required to be made or obtained to enable Acquirer
and Newco as applicable, to enter into, and to perform its obligations under,
this Agreement and the Acquirer Ancillary Agreements, except for (a) the filing
of the Articles of Merger with the Division, the filing of such officers'
certificates and other documents as are required to effectuate the Merger under
Utah law and the filing of appropriate documents with the relevant authorities
of states other than Delaware and Utah in which Acquirer and Newco are qualified
to do business, if any, (b) such filings as may be required to comply with
federal and state securities laws and (c) the filings required by the HSR Act.
3.2.3 This Agreement and the Acquirer Ancillary Agreements are,
or when executed and delivered by Acquirer and Newco (as applicable) and the
other parties thereto will be, valid and binding obligations of Acquirer and
Newco, enforceable against Acquirer and Newco
-23-
<PAGE>
in accordance with their respective terms, except as to the effect, if any, of
(a) applicable bankruptcy and other similar laws affecting the rights of
creditors generally, (b) rules of law governing specific performance, injunctive
relief and other equitable remedies; and (c) the enforceability of provision
requiring indemnification in connection with the offering, issuance or sale of
securities.
3.2.4 Since September 30, 1999, there has not been with respect
to Acquirer any Material Adverse Change.
3.3 No Violations. Neither the execution nor delivery of this
-------------
Agreement or any Acquirer Ancillary Agreement, nor the consummation of the
transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, will conflict with, or (with or
without notice or lapse of time, or both) result in a termination, breach or
violation of (a) any provision of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of
Acquirer or Newco, as currently in effect or (b) any instrument or contract to
which Acquirer or Newco is a party or by which Acquirer or Newco is bound, or
(c) any federal, state, local or foreign judgment, writ, decree, order, statute,
rule or regulation applicable to Acquirer or Newco or their respective assets or
properties, other than, with respect to (a), (b) and (c), any such, conflict,
termination, breach or violation that would not have a Material Adverse Effect
on Acquirer.
3.4 Disclosure. Acquirer has furnished Target with its most recent
----------
annual report on Form 10-K (the "Form 10-K") and all other reports or documents
---------
required to be filed by Acquirer pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the 1934
Act since the filing of the Form 10-K, in each case as amended (the "Acquirer
--------
Disclosure Package"). The items in the Acquirer Disclosure Package, (including,
- ------------------
without limitation, any financial statement or schedules included therein) (i)
were prepared in compliance with the requirements of the Securities Act, or the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the rules
------------
and regulations thereunder, as the case may be, and (ii) did not at the time of
filing (or if amended, supplemented or superseded by a filing prior to the date
hereof, on the date of that filing) contain any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading. Acquirer has timely filed all forms,
reports and documents required to be filed with the SEC in the last 12 months
under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations
thereunder.
3.5 Newco. Newco has been formed for the sole purpose of effecting
-----
the Merger and, except as contemplated by this Agreement, Newco has not
conducted any business activities and does not have any material liabilities or
obligations. The sole shareholder of Newco has adopted this Agreement in
accordance with Section 16-10a-1103 of the Utah Law.
3.6 Duly Issued Shares. The shares of Acquirer Common Stock to be
------------------
issued pursuant to the Merger will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable.
4. TARGET PRECLOSING COVENANTS
During the period from the date of this Agreement until the Effective
Time, Target covenants to and agrees with Acquirer as follows:
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<PAGE>
4.1 Advice of Changes. Target will promptly advise Acquirer in
-----------------
writing (a) of any event occurring subsequent to the date of this Agreement that
would render any representation or warranty of Target contained in this
Agreement, if made on or as of the date of such event or the Closing Date,
untrue or inaccurate in any material respect (however, no advisory need be
provided regarding any event or action contemplated or permitted under this
Agreement and (b) of the occurrence of any Material Adverse Change with respect
to Target. To ensure compliance with this Section 4.1, Target shall deliver to
Acquirer within fifteen (15) days after the end of each monthly accounting
period ending after the date of this Agreement and before the Closing Date, an
unaudited balance sheet and statement of operations, which financial statements
shall be prepared in the Ordinary Course, in accordance with Target's books and
records and generally accepted accounting principles and shall fairly present
the financial position of Target as of their respective dates and the results of
Target's operations for the periods then ending.
4.2 Maintenance of Business. The parties hereto understand and
-----------------------
acknowledge that it is their intent to work closely together during the period
from the date hereof until the Closing Date. Target will use its reasonable
best efforts to carry on and preserve its business and its relationships with
customers, suppliers, employees and others in substantially the same manner as
it has prior to the date hereof. If Target becomes aware of a material
deterioration in the relationship with any material customer, material
prospective customer, supplier or key employee, it will promptly bring such
information to the attention of Acquirer in writing and, if requested by
Acquirer, will exert its best efforts to restore the relationship.
4.3 Conduct of Business. Target will continue to conduct its
-------------------
business and maintain its business relationships in the Ordinary Course and will
not, without the prior written consent of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief
Financial Officer of Acquirer, not to be unreasonably withheld:
(a) borrow any money other than pursuant to existing lines of
credit;
(b) enter into any capital expenditure by Target in excess of
$25,000 (in the case of transactions or commitments which are neither made in
the Ordinary Course nor contemplated by Target's current capital expenditure
budget) or $50,000 (in the case of transactions or commitments made in the
Ordinary Course);
(c) encumber or permit to be encumbered any of its assets except
in the Ordinary Course and to an extent which is not material;
(d) dispose of any of its assets except in the Ordinary Course;
(e) enter into any lease or contract for the purchase or sale of
any property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, except in the Ordinary
Course or enter into any agreement of the types described in Section 2.11 to the
extent involving amounts in excess of $300,000;
(f) fail to maintain its equipment and other assets in good
working condition and repair according to the standards it has maintained to the
date of this Agreement, subject only to ordinary wear and tear;
(g) pay any bonus, royalty, increased salary (except for annual
increases in the Ordinary Course and disclosed to Acquirer in writing and
approved by Acquirer, such
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approval not to unreasonably be withheld) or special remuneration to any
officer, employee or consultant (except pursuant to existing arrangements
heretofore disclosed in writing to Acquirer) or enter into any new employment or
consulting or severance agreement with any such person, or enter into any new
agreement or plan of the type described in Section 2.15.3;
(h) change accounting methods;
(i) declare, set aside or pay any cash or stock dividend or
other distribution in respect of capital stock, or, except as contemplated in
this Agreement, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its capital stock excluding
repurchases of unvested shares upon employee termination;
(j) amend or terminate or settle any disputes under any
contract, agreement or license to which it is a party of a nature required to be
disclosed in Section 2.12;
(k) lend any amount to any person or entity, other than advances
for travel and expenses which are incurred in the Ordinary Course and which are
not material in amount, which travel and expenses shall be reasonably documented
by receipts for the claimed amounts;
(l) guarantee or act as a surety for any obligation except for
the endorsement of checks and other negotiable instruments in the Ordinary
Course and which are not material in amount;
(m) waive or release any material right or claim except in the
Ordinary Course;
(n) issue or sell any shares of its capital stock of any class
or any other of its securities (other than the issuance of Target Common Stock
upon the exercise of Target Options), or issue, grant, modify or create any
warrants, obligations, subscriptions, options, convertible securities, stock
appreciation rights or other commitments to issue shares of capital stock or
accelerate the vesting of any outstanding option or other security (other than
stock option grants to new hires in the Ordinary Course where the Target
Disclosure Letter relating to Section 2.3(a) and Item 2.3 included therein are
updated by Closing to reflect same, the grants have no acceleration provisions
not provided in the Plan and the aggregate number of shares subject to all such
grants does not exceed the balance of shares remaining authorized and unissued
in Target's stock option plans);
(o) split or combine the outstanding shares of its capital stock
of any class or enter into any recapitalization affecting the number of
outstanding shares of its capital stock of any class or affecting any other of
its securities;
(p) except for the Merger, merge, consolidate or reorganize
with, or acquire any entity;
(q) other than the Contemplated Amendment, amend its Articles of
Incorporation or Bylaws;
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(r) agree to any audit assessment by any tax authority or file
any federal or state income or franchise tax return unless copies of such
returns have been delivered to Acquirer for its review prior to filing;
(s) license any of its technology or any Target Intellectual
Property, except in the Ordinary Course;
(t) change or terminate any insurance coverage;
(u) terminate the employment of any key employee disclosed in
Item 2.10(i); or
- ------------
(v) agree to do any of the things described in the preceding
clauses 4.3(a) through 4.3(u).
4.4 Certain Agreements. Target will cause all present employees and
------------------
consultants of Target engaged in development activity who have not previously
executed Target's forms of assignments of copyright and other intellectual
property rights to Target to execute such forms.
4.5 Regulatory Approvals. Target will execute and file, or join in
--------------------
the execution and filing, of any application or other document that may be
necessary in order to obtain the authorization, approval or consent of any
governmental body, federal, state, local or foreign, which may be reasonably
required, or which Acquirer may reasonably request, in connection with the
consummation of the transactions provided for in this Agreement. Target will
use its reasonable best efforts to obtain or assist Acquirer in obtaining all
such authorizations, approvals and consents.
4.6 Necessary Consents. Target will use its reasonable best efforts
------------------
to obtain such written consents and waivers (including waivers of any applicable
refusal or co-sale rights that may apply to the transactions hereby
contemplated) and take such other actions as may be necessary or appropriate for
Target, in addition to those disclosed in Section 4.6, to facilitate and allow
the consummation of the transactions provided for herein and to facilitate and
allow Acquirer to carry on Target's business after the Closing Date.
4.7 Litigation. Target will notify Acquirer in writing promptly
----------
after learning of any material action, suit, proceeding or investigation by or
before any court, board or governmental agency, initiated by or against Target
or any Subsidiary or threatened against it or any Subsidiary.
4.8 No Other Negotiations.
---------------------
4.8.1 The Target and its directors and officers shall not, and
the Target shall direct and use its best efforts to cause the employees,
representatives and agents of the Target not to, directly or indirectly, solicit
or encourage the initiation of (including by way of furnishing information) any
inquiries or proposals regarding any merger, sale of assets, sale of shares of
capital stock (including without limitation by way of a tender offer) or similar
transaction involving the Target that if consummated would constitute an
Alternative Transaction (as defined
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below) (any of the foregoing inquiries or proposals being referred to herein as
a "Target Takeover Proposal"). Nothing contained in this Agreement shall prevent
------------------------
the Target Board from (i) furnishing information to a third party which has made
a bona fide Target Takeover Proposal that is a Superior Proposal (as defined
below) not solicited in violation of this Agreement, provided that such third
party has executed an agreement with confidentiality provisions substantially
similar to those then in effect between the Target and Acquirer or (ii) subject
to compliance with the other terms of this Section 4.8, considering and
negotiating a bona fide Target Takeover Proposal that is a Superior Proposal not
solicited in violation of this Agreement; provided that, as to each of clauses
(i) and (ii), the Target Board reasonably determines in good faith (after due
consultation with independent counsel) that it is or is reasonably likely to be
required to do so in order to discharge properly its fiduciary duties. For
purposes of this Agreement, a "Superior Proposal" means any proposal made by a
-----------------
third party to acquire, directly or indirectly, for consideration consisting of
cash and/or securities, all of the equity securities of the Target entitled to
vote generally in the election of directors or all or substantially all the
assets of the Target, on terms which the Target Board reasonably believes to be
more favorable from a financial point of view to its shareholders than the
Merger taking into account at the time of determination all factors relating to
such proposed transaction deemed relevant by the Target Board, including,
without limitation, the financing thereof, the proposed timing thereof and all
other conditions thereto and any changes to the financial terms of this
Agreement proposed by Acquirer. "Alternative Transaction" means any of (i) a
-----------------------
transaction pursuant to which any Person (or group of Persons) other than
Acquirer or its affiliates (a "Third Party") acquires or would acquire more than
-----------
10% of the outstanding shares of any class of equity securities of the Target,
whether from the Target or pursuant to a tender offer or exchange offer or
otherwise, (ii) a merger or other business combination involving the Target
pursuant to which any Third Party acquires more than 10% of the outstanding
equity securities of the Target or the entity surviving such merger or business
combination, (iii) any transaction pursuant to which any Third Party acquires or
would acquire control of assets of the Target having a fair market value (as
determined by the Target Board in good faith) equal to more than 10% of the fair
market value of all the assets of the Target immediately prior to such
transaction, or (iv) any other consolidation, business combination,
recapitalization or similar transaction involving the Target, other than the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
4.8.2 The Target shall immediately notify Acquirer after receipt
of any Target Takeover Proposal, or any modification of or amendment to any
Target Takeover Proposal, or any request for nonpublic information relating to
the Target in connection with a Target Takeover Proposal or for access to the
properties, books or records of the Target by any Person that informs the Target
Board that it is considering making, or has made, a Target Takeover Proposal.
Such notice to Acquirer shall be made orally and in writing, and shall indicate
the identity of the Person making the Target Takeover Proposal or intending to
make the Target Takeover Proposal or requesting nonpublic information or access
to the books and records of the Target, the terms of any such Target Takeover
Proposal or modification or amendment to a Target Takeover Proposal, and whether
the Target is providing or intends to provide the Person making the Target
Takeover Proposal with access to information concerning the Target as provided
in Section 4.8.1. The Target shall also immediately notify Acquirer, orally and
in writing, if it enters into negotiations concerning any Target Takeover
Proposal.
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4.8.3 Except as set forth in this Section 4.8, neither the
Target Board nor any committee thereof shall (i) withdraw or modify, or indicate
publicly its intention to withdraw or modify, in a manner adverse to Acquirer,
the approval or recommendation by such Board of Directors or such committee of
the Merger, (ii) approve or recommend, or indicate publicly its intention to
approve or recommend, any Target Takeover Proposal or (iii) cause the Target to
enter into any letter of intent, agreement in principle, acquisition agreement
or other similar agreement (each, a "Target Acquisition Agreement") related to
----------------------------
any Target Takeover Proposal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that
prior to the Effective Time the Target Board determines in good faith, with the
advice of outside counsel, that the failure to do so could reasonably be
determined to be a breach of its fiduciary duties to the Target's shareholders
under applicable law, the Target Board may (subject to this and the following
sentences) approve or recommend a Superior Proposal and, in connection
therewith, withdraw or modify its approval or recommendation of the Merger;
provided that (i) the Target gives Acquirer at least five Business Days advance
notice of its intent to take any of the foregoing actions and (ii) during such
five Business Day period, the Target, if requested by Acquirer, negotiates in
good faith with Acquirer to make such adjustments to the terms and conditions of
this Agreement as would enable the Target to proceed with the Merger on such
adjusted terms. After such five Business Day period, the Target Board may then
(and only then) withdraw or modify its approval or recommendation of the Merger.
4.8.4 The Target shall advise the directors, officers and
employees of the Target and any investment banker, attorney or other advisor
retained by the Target in connection with the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement of the restrictions set forth in this Section 4.8. It is understood
that any violation of the restrictions set forth in this Section 4.8 by any
director or officer of the Target, or any such violation by any employee,
representative or agent of the Target where the Target shall have failed to use
its best efforts to prevent such violation, shall be deemed to be a breach of
this Section 4.8 by the Target.
4.8.5 Upon the execution of this Agreement, the Target and its
directors, officers, employees, representatives and agents shall immediately
cease any and all existing activities, discussions or negotiations with any
other person or entity conducted previously with respect to any Target Takeover
Proposal or Alternative Transaction.
4.9 Access to Information. Until the Closing Date, Target will
---------------------
provide Acquirer and its agents with reasonable access to the files, books,
records and offices of Target, including, without limitation, any and all
information relating to Target taxes, commitments, contracts, leases, licenses,
real, personal and intangible property and financial condition. Target will
cause its accountants to cooperate with Acquirer and its agents in making
available all financial information reasonably requested, including without
limitation the right to examine all working papers pertaining to all financial
statements prepared or audited by such accountants.
4.10 Satisfaction of Conditions Precedent. Target will use its
------------------------------------
reasonable best efforts to satisfy or cause to be satisfied all the conditions
precedent which are set forth in Section 8, and Target will use its reasonable
best efforts to cause the transactions provided for in this Agreement to be
consummated, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to obtain
all consents and authorizations of third parties and to make all filings with,
and give all notices to,
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third parties that may be necessary or reasonably required on its part in order
to effect the transactions provided for herein.
4.11 Blue Sky Laws. Target shall use its reasonable best efforts to
-------------
assist Acquirer to the extent necessary to comply with the securities and Blue
Sky laws of all jurisdictions applicable in connection with the Merger.
4.12 Notification of Employee Problems. Target will promptly notify
---------------------------------
Acquirer if any of Target's officers becomes aware that any of its key employees
intends to leave its employ.
4.13 Benefit Plans; Cash Compensation. As soon as practicable after
--------------------------------
the execution of this Agreement, Acquirer and Target shall confer and work
together in good faith to agree upon mutually acceptable employee benefit and
compensation arrangements for Target's employees following the Merger. Target
shall take such actions as are necessary to terminate its participation in such
Employee Plans as is requested by Acquirer, provided that Acquirer shall take
such steps as are commercially and administratively reasonable to ensure that
(i) those Target employees who are eligible to participate in each such Employee
Plan shall be entitled to participate in comparable employee benefit plans
maintained by Acquirer effective immediately following the Effective Date and
(ii) such employees shall be credited with prior periods of employment with
Target for purposes of participation in and vesting under Acquirer's employee
benefit plans, including, without limitation, participation in and vesting under
all employee pension benefit plans (as defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA),
participation in and satisfaction of deductibles and co-pays under employee
welfare benefit plans (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA), vacation and sick
leave entitlement where service is a factor. Base compensation and, if
applicable, eligibility for bonus compensation (with appropriate adjustment to
milestones to track the combined business) will remain unchanged for Target's
officers and employees, or if Acquirer so elects will be adjusted as mutually
agreed.
4.14 Shareholder Approval; Voting Agreement. Target will hold a
--------------------------------------
special meeting of its shareholders (the "Shareholders' Meeting") at the
---------------------
earliest practicable date (and in any event prior to 60 days from the Agreement
Date and in any event prior to the holding of any special meeting or circulation
of any consent with respect to any alternative proposal) to submit this
Agreement, the Merger and related matters for the consideration and approval of
the Target Shareholders, which approval will be recommended by Target's Board of
Directors, subject to Section 4.8.3. Such meeting will be called, held and
conducted, and any proxies or consent will be solicited, in compliance with
applicable law. Concurrently with the execution of this Agreement, certain
Target Shareholders have executed a Voting Agreement in the form attached as
Exhibit 4.14 agreeing to vote in favor of the Merger. Target shall ensure that
- ------------
the Stockholders' Meeting is called, noticed, convened, held and conducted, and
that all proxies and consents solicited in connection with the Stockholders'
Meeting are solicited, in compliance with all applicable legal requirements.
The Target's obligation to call, give notice of, convene and hold the
Stockholders' Meeting in accordance with this Section 4.14 shall not be limited
or otherwise affected by the commencement, disclosure, announcement or
submission to the Target of any alternative proposal. Nothing contained in this
Section 4.14 shall limit the Target's obligation to hold and convene the
Stockholders' Meeting (regardless of whether the unanimous recommendation of the
Board of Directors of the Target shall have been withdrawn, amended or modified
and regardless of whether the Board of Directors of the Target shall have
recommended acceptance of a tender offer or
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exchange offer commenced by a third party), it being understood that the Target
shall be required to hold and convene the Stockholders' Meeting in accordance
with this Section 4.14 unless the holding of such meeting would constitute a
violation of any applicable court order or statute. Target shall use all
reasonable efforts to ensure that the holding of the Stockholders' Meeting will
not constitute a violation of any applicable court order or statute.
4.15 Sale of Shares Pursuant to Regulation D or Section 4(2). The
--------------------------------------------------------
parties hereto acknowledge and agree that the shares of Acquirer Common Stock
issuable pursuant to Section 1 hereof shall constitute "restricted securities"
within the meaning of the Securities Act. The certificates of Acquirer Common
Stock shall bear the legends set forth in Section 1. It is acknowledged and
understood that Acquirer is relying on certain written representations made by
each shareholder of Target. Target will exercise reasonable best efforts to
cause each Target shareholder to execute and deliver to Acquirer an Investor
Representation Statement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 4.15. Assuming
-------------
compliance with Rule 144 of the Securities Act, Acquirer hereby agrees to use
its reasonable best efforts to facilitate limited resales thereunder by any
holder of Acquirer Common Stock issuable pursuant to Section 1 at any time after
the one year anniversary of the Closing Date, and shall promptly remove upon
request of any holder of Acquirer Common Stock the legend and stock transfer
instructions on the Acquirer Common Stock pursuant to Rule 144(k) of the
Securities Act at any time after the two year anniversary of the Closing Date.
5. ACQUIRER PRECLOSING COVENANTS
During the period from the date of this Agreement until the Effective
Time, or such later time as provided herein, Acquirer covenants to and agrees
with Target as follows:
5.1 Access to Information. Until the Closing Date, Acquirer will
---------------------
allow Target and its agents reasonable access to its management and officers and
material information regarding Acquirer, including without limitation, material
information relating to Acquirer's business and financial condition. Acquirer
will cause its accountants to cooperate with Target's accountants in making
available all financial information reasonably requested to evaluate Acquirer's
financial statements.
5.2 Satisfaction of Conditions Precedent. Acquirer will use all
------------------------------------
reasonable best efforts to satisfy or cause to be satisfied all the conditions
precedent which are set forth in Section 7, and Acquirer will use all reasonable
best efforts to cause the transactions provided for in this Agreement to be
consummated, and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, to obtain
all consents and authorizations of third parties and to make all filings with,
and give all notices to, third parties that may be necessary or reasonably
required on its part in order to effect the transactions provided for herein.
5.3 Regulatory Approvals. Acquirer will execute and file, or join in
--------------------
the execution and filing, of any application or other document that may be
necessary in order to obtain the authorization, approval or consent of any
governmental body, federal, state, local or foreign, which may be reasonably
required, or which Target may reasonably request, in connection with the
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consummation of the transactions provided for in this Agreement. Acquirer will
use all reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, approvals and
consents.
5.4 Employee Matters. Acquirer agrees that, as of the Effective
----------------
Time, it shall cause the Surviving Corporation to continue to employ all of the
employees of Target who are Active Employees (as defined below in this Section),
it being understood that nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to create any
employment status other than employment at will. For purposes of this Agreement,
an employee shall be deemed to be an "Active Employee" if:
----------------
(i) at the Effective Time, the employee is performing work duties
for Target or any of its subsidiaries or is absent by reason of a scheduled
day off;
(ii) at the Effective Time, the employee was absent from work by
reason of a sick day (not covered under clause (iii) below) or a paid
vacation day, personal day, or holiday;
(iii) at the Effective Time, the employee was absent from work by
reason of a family or medical leave covered under Section 102 of the Family
and Medical Leave Act of 1993; or
(iv) at the Effective Time, the employee is absent from work due to
any other authorized leave under the policies or practices of Target or any
of its subsidiaries and such person returns to work within the period
permitted by such policies or practices, but not later than 30 days after
the Effective Time or such later time as may be required by law.
5.5 Indemnification. From and after the Effective Time, Acquirer
---------------
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each current and former director and
officer of Target against any costs or expenses (including reasonable attorneys'
fees), judgments, fines, losses, claims, damages or liabilities incurred in
connection with any claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation, whether
civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, arising out of matters
existing or occurring at or prior to the Effective Time, asserted or claimed
after the Effective Time, to the fullest extent that Target would have been
permitted under its Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws as in effect on the date
hereof to indemnify such person (and in connection therewith Acquirer shall
advance expenses as incurred to the fullest extent provided for under Acquirer's
Certificate of Incorporation and by-Laws as from time to time in effect,
provided the person to whom expenses are advanced provides an undertaking to
repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such person is not
entitled to indemnification). Target represents that there is no current basis
for any indemnity claim under this Section 5.5, except as set out in Item 5.5.
--------
5.6 Cooperation in Obtaining Necessary Consents. Acquirer will
-------------------------------------------
cooperate with Target as reasonably requested by Target in order to assist
Target to obtain such written consents as are contemplated by Section 4.6
hereof.
5.7 Closing Deliverables. Prior to Closing, Acquirer shall
--------------------
deliver to Target true and accurate copies of the following items: (i)
Acquirer's Certificate of Incorporation, as amended to date; (ii) a Certificate
of Good Standing from the Delaware Secretary of State, of recent date, regarding
Acquirer; (iii) a certified copy of the resolutions of the Acquirer's Board of
Directors approving this Agreement and the issuance of shares of Acquirer
capital stock hereby contemplated; and (iv) a certificate of the transfer agent
of Acquirer of recent date reflecting the
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number of outstanding shares of capital stock of Acquirer; and (v) a copy of the
letter from Acquirer's counsel to Acquirer's transfer agent confirming that the
shares of Acquirer stock issued pursuant to this Agreement are duly issued.
6. CLOSING MATTERS
6.1 The Closing. Subject to termination of this Agreement as
-----------
provided in Section 9 below, the closing of the transactions provided for herein
(the "Closing") will take place at the offices of Fenwick & West LLP, Two Palo
-------
Alto Square, Palo Alto, California 94306 at 10:00 a.m., Pacific Time on the
second business day following the last to be satisfied of the conditions to
closing or such other date as the parties agree (the "Closing Date"). Prior to
------------
or concurrently with the Closing, the Articles of Merger, and such officers'
certificates or other documents as may be required to effectuate the Merger will
be filed with the Division. Accordingly, the Merger will become effective at
the Effective Time.
6.2 Exchange of Certificates and Cash.
---------------------------------
6.2.1 As of the Effective Time, all shares of Target Stock
that are outstanding immediately prior thereto will, by virtue of the Merger and
without further action, cease to exist, and all such shares will be converted
into the right to receive from Acquirer the number of shares of Acquirer Common
Stock as set forth in Section 1.1, subject to Sections 1.2 and 1.3 hereof.
6.2.2 At and after the Effective Time, each certificate
representing outstanding shares of Target Stock will represent the number of
shares of Acquirer Common Stock into which such shares of Target Stock have been
converted, and such shares of Acquirer Common Stock will be deemed registered in
the name of the holder of such certificate. As soon as practicable after the
Effective Time, each holder of shares of Target Stock will surrender (a) the
certificates for such shares (the "Target Certificates") to Acquirer for
-------------------
cancellation or (b) an affidavit of lost certificate (or non-issued certificate)
with appropriate indemnification (the "Affidavit") in form reasonably
---------
satisfactory to Acquirer. Promptly following the Effective Time and receipt of
the Target Certificates and/or the Affidavit (or any lost certificate bond
required by the transfer agent if the transfer agent will not accept the
indemnification in the Affidavit in lieu of the bond), Acquirer will cause its
transfer agent to issue to such surrendering holder certificate(s) for the
number of shares of Acquirer Common Stock to which such holder is entitled
pursuant to Section 1.1, subject to Section 1.2 hereof, less such holder's pro
rata portion of the Escrow Shares deposited into escrow pursuant to Section 1.3
hereof, and any cash payable under Section 1.2.
6.2.3 All cash and shares of Acquirer Common Stock delivered
upon the surrender of Target Certificates in accordance with the terms hereof
will be delivered to the registered holder or placed in escrow with the Escrow
Agent, as applicable. After the Effective Time, there will be no further
registration of transfers of the shares of Target Stock on the stock transfer
books of Target. If, after the Effective Time, Target Certificates are presented
for transfer or for any other reason, they will be canceled and exchanged and
certificates and cash therefor will be delivered or placed in escrow as provided
in this Section 6.2.
6.2.4 Until Target Certificates representing Target Stock
outstanding prior to the Merger are surrendered pursuant to Section 6.2.2 above,
such certificates will be deemed,
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for all purposes, to evidence ownership of (a) the number of shares of Acquirer
Common Stock into which the shares of Target Stock will have been converted as
set forth in Section 1.1, subject to the obligation to place a portion thereof
in escrow as required hereby, and as set forth in Section 1.2 hereof.
6.3 Assumption of Options and Warrants. Promptly after the Effective
----------------------------------
Time, Acquirer will notify in writing each holder of a Target Option of: (i)
the assumption of such Target Option by Acquirer, (ii) the conversion of such
Target Options into Acquirer Options, (iii) the number of shares of Acquirer
Common Stock that are then subject to such Acquirer Option and (iv) the exercise
price of such Acquirer Option, all as determined pursuant to Section 1.1.2
hereof.
7. CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS OF TARGET
Target's obligations hereunder are subject to the fulfillment or
satisfaction, on and as of the Closing, of each of the following conditions (any
one or more of which may be waived by Target):
7.1 Accuracy of Representations and Warranties. The representations
------------------------------------------
and warranties of Acquirer set forth in Section 3 (excluding any representation
or warranty that refers specifically to "the date of this Agreement," "the date
hereof" or any other date other than the Closing Date) shall be accurate in all
material respects on and as of the Closing Date as if made on and as of the
Closing Date, and the representations and warranties of Acquirer set forth in
Section 3 that refer specifically to "the date of this Agreement," "the date
hereof" or any other date other than the Closing Date shall have been accurate
in all material respects as of the Agreement Date or such other specified date
and Target shall have received a certificate to such effect executed on behalf
of Acquirer by its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer.
7.2 Covenants. Acquirer shall have performed and complied in all
---------
material respects with all of its covenants contained in Section 5 on or before
the Closing Date, and Target shall have received a certificate to such effect
executed on behalf of Acquirer by its Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial
Officer.
7.3 Compliance with Law. There shall be no order, decree, or ruling
-------------------
by any court or governmental agency or threat thereof, or any other fact or
circumstance, which would prohibit or render illegal the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement.
7.4 Government Consents. There shall have been obtained at or prior
-------------------
to the Closing Date such permits or authorizations, and there shall have been
taken such other actions, as may be required to consummate the Merger by any
regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the parties and the actions herein
proposed to be taken, including but not limited to satisfaction of all
requirements under applicable federal and state securities laws.
7.5 No Litigation. No litigation or proceeding initiated by a party
-------------
other than Target or the Target Shareholders shall be pending which will have
the probable effect of enjoining or preventing the consummation of any of the
transactions provided for in this Agreement.
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7.6 Tax Representations. Officers of Acquirer shall have executed
-------------------
and delivered the Officers' Certificate containing representations regarding tax
matters in a form approved by the Parties' respective counsel.
7.7 Hart-Scott-Rodino Compliance. All applicable waiting periods
----------------------------
under the HSR Act shall have expired or early termination shall have been
granted by both the Federal Trade Commission and the United States Department of
Justice.
7.8 Shareholder Approval. The principal terms of this Agreement shall
--------------------
have been approved and adopted by the Target Shareholders, as required by
applicable law and Target's Articles of Incorporation and by-laws.
7.9 Requisite Approvals. The principal terms of this Agreement shall
-------------------
have been approved and adopted by Acquirer and Newco, as required by applicable
law and by their respective Boards of Directors.
8. CONDITIONS TO OBLIGATIONS OF ACQUIRER
The obligations of Acquirer hereunder are subject to the fulfillment
or satisfaction on, and as of the Closing, of each of the following conditions
(any one or more of which may be waived by Acquirer):
8.1 Accuracy of Representations and Warranties. The representations
------------------------------------------
and warranties of Target set forth in Section 2 (excluding any representation or
warranty that refers specifically to "the date of this Agreement," "the date
hereof" or any other date other than the Closing Date) shall be accurate in all
material respects on and as of the Closing Date as if made on and as of the
Closing Date, and the representations and warranties of Target set forth in
Section 2 that refer specifically to "the date of this Agreement," "the date
hereof" or any other date other than the Closing Date shall have been accurate
in all material respects as of the Agreement Date or such other specified date,
and Acquirer shall have received a certificate to such effect executed on behalf
of Target by its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer.
8.2 Covenants. Target shall have performed and complied in all
---------
material respects with all of its covenants contained in Section 4 on or before
the Closing and Acquirer shall have received a certificate to such effect signed
on behalf of Target by its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial
Officer.
8.3 Compliance with Law. There shall be no order, decree, or ruling
-------------------
by any court or governmental agency in effect that would prohibit or render
illegal the transactions provided for in this Agreement.
8.4 Government Consents. There shall have been obtained at or prior
-------------------
to the Closing Date such permits or authorizations, and there shall have been
taken such other action, as may be required to consummate the Merger by any
regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the parties and the actions herein
proposed to be taken, including but not limited to satisfaction of all
requirements under applicable federal and state securities laws.
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8.5 Consents. Acquirer shall have received all written consents,
--------
assignments, waivers, authorizations or other certificates necessary to provide
for the continuation in full force and effect of any and all contracts and
leases of Target which if not continued would have a Material Adverse Effect on
Target.
8.6 Absence of Material Adverse Change. Since the Latest Balance
----------------------------------
Sheet Date, there shall not have been any Material Adverse Change with respect
to Target.
8.7 Requisite Approvals. The principal terms of this Agreement shall
-------------------
have been approved and adopted by the Target Shareholders, as required by
applicable law and Target's Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, and by
Target's Board of Directors.
8.8 No Litigation. No litigation or proceeding shall be threatened
-------------
or pending which will have the probable effect of enjoining or preventing the
consummation of any of the transactions provided for in this Agreement or which
have had or could reasonably be expected to have Material Adverse Effect on
Target.
8.9 Escrow. Acquirer shall have received the Escrow Agreement,
------
executed by the Representative of the Target Shareholders and the Escrow Agent,
which agreement provides for the escrow of the Escrow Shares on the terms and
conditions of the Escrow Agreement.
8.10 Tax Representations. Officers of Target shall have executed and
-------------------
delivered the Officers' Certificate containing representations regarding tax
matters in a form approved by the Parties' respective Counsel.
8.11 Hart-Scott-Rodino Compliance. All applicable waiting periods
----------------------------
under the HSR Act shall have expired or early termination shall have been
granted by both the Federal Trade Commission and the United States Department of
Justice.
8.12 Dissenting Shares. The Dissenting Shares shall not constitute
-----------------
more than 5% of the total number of shares of Target Stock outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time.
8.13 Noncompetition/non-solicit Agreements. Each of J.D. Brisk, Mike
--------------------------------------
Fahnert and Ralph Decker shall have entered into two year noncompetition/non-
solicit agreements agreeing not to compete with Acquirer or Target in a form
attached as Exhibit 8.13.
------------
8.14 Termination of Altris Options. All of the unvested nonemployee
-----------------------------
options held by Altris employees shall have terminated upon the closing of the
Merger.
8.15 Cancellation of Canopy Note. Upon the Merger and issuance of
---------------------------
the Canopy Acquirer Shares to Canopy Group in full satisfaction of the Canopy
Note, the Canopy Note shall have been cancelled.
8.16 Opinion of Counsel. Acquirer shall have received an opinion of
------------------
Target's legal counsel in customary form.
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8.17 Canopy Customer Services Agreement. Target and Canopy Group
----------------------------------
shall have entered into an agreement for Target's products and services which
shall be acceptable to Acquirer.
8.18 Investor Representation Statement. Each of the Target
---------------------------------
Stockholders shall have executed and delivered to Acquirer an Investor
Representation Statement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 4.15.
------------
8.19 Software License Agreement. Target and Altiris, Inc., a Utah
--------------------------
corporation shall have entered into a Software License Agreement which shall be
acceptable to Acquirer.
8.20 Compliance with Securities Laws. Acquirer shall be reasonably
-------------------------------
satisfied that the issuance of Acquirer Common Stock pursuant to this Agreement
is exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
9. TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT
9.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated at any time prior
-----------
to the Effective Time, whether before or after approval of the Merger by the
shareholders of Target:
(a) by the mutual written consent of Acquirer and Target;
(b) Upon notice by either party, if the Merger shall not have
been consummated by April 1, 2000 (the "Final Date") other than as the result of
----------
a breach of this Agreement by the terminating party;
(c) by Target, if there has been a breach by Acquirer of any
representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement on
the part of Acquirer which has or can reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect on Acquirer and which Acquirer fails to cure within a reasonable
time, not to exceed thirty (30) days, after written notice thereof (except that
no cure period will be provided for a breach by Acquirer which by its nature
cannot be cured) in which case Acquirer shall pay Target's reasonable expenses
not to exceed $100,000;
(d) by Acquirer, if there has been a breach by Target of any
representation, warranty, covenant or agreement set forth in this Agreement on
the part of Target which has or can reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect on Target and which Target fails to cure within a reasonable time
not to exceed thirty (30) days after written notice thereof (except that no cure
period will be provided for a breach by Target which by its nature cannot be
cured) ) in which case Target shall pay Acquirer's reasonable expenses not to
exceed $100,000;
(e) by Acquirer, if the Required Vote is not obtained to approve
the Merger at or by virtue of the Stockholders' Meeting or if the Stockholders'
Meeting is not for any reason held within 60 days of the Agreement Date or if
Target breaches its obligations under Section 4.8 or Section 4.14; or
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(f) by either party, if a permanent injunction or other order by
any federal or state court which would make illegal or otherwise restrain or
prohibit the consummation of the Merger will have been issued and will have
become final and nonappealable.
Any termination of this Agreement under this Section 9.1 will be
effective by the delivery of written notice of the terminating party to the
other party hereto.
9.2 Certain Continuing Obligations. Subject to Section 9.3,
------------------------------
following any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 9, the
parties hereto will continue to perform their respective obligations under
Section 11 but will not be required to continue to perform their other covenants
under this Agreement, except as provided in Section 9.1(c) and (d).
9.3 No Shop Remedy. Notwithstanding Section 9.2, if Target breaches
--------------
Section 4.8 or 4.14, and Target is subsequently acquired, merged or consolidated
or its assets substantially disposed of, Target agrees to compensate Acquirer by
cash payment in the amount of $1,000,000.
10. SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS, INDEMNIFICATION
AND REMEDIES, CONTINUING COVENANTS
10.1 Survival of Representations.
---------------------------
10.1.1 Representations of Target. All representations,
-------------------------
warranties and covenants of Target contained in this Agreement will remain
operative and in full force and effect after the Closing regardless of any
investigation made by or on behalf of the parties to this Agreement and shall
expire on the first anniversary of the Closing. No claim for breach of
representations, warranties or covenants shall be made unless Acquirer gives
written notice to the Representative (as defined below) in reasonable detail
specifying the Claim (as hereinafter defined) on or prior to the first
anniversary of the Closing Date.
Except for the obligations of Target under Section 11, the
representations, warranties and covenants of Target contained in this Agreement
will terminate as of the termination of this Agreement in accordance with its
terms.
10.1.2 Representations of Acquirer. All representations and
---------------------------
warranties of Acquirer contained in this Agreement will expire at Closing. All
covenants will survive the Closing. Except for the obligations of Acquirer
under Section 11, the representations, warranties and covenants of Acquirer
contained in this Agreement will terminate as of termination of this Agreement
in accordance with its terms.
10.2 Agreement to Indemnify.
----------------------
10.2.1 Indemnification. Subject to the limitations set forth in
---------------
this Section 10.2, from and after the Effective Time, Acquirer and its
respective officers, directors, agents and employees, and each person, if any,
who controls or may control Acquirer within the meaning of the Securities Act
(hereinafter in this Section 10.2 referred to individually as an "Indemnified
-----------
Person" and collectively as "Indemnified Persons") shall be indemnified and held
- ------ -------------------
harmless (but only to the extent of the Escrow Shares) from and against any and
all claims, demands, actions,
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causes of action, losses, costs, damages, liabilities and expenses including,
without limitation, reasonable legal fees (collectively, "Claims"):
------
(a) Arising out of any breach by Target of the representations,
warranties or covenants given or made by Target in this Agreement;
(b) Resulting from any failure of any Target Shareholders to
have good, valid and marketable title to the issued and outstanding capital
stock of Target held by such shareholders free and clear of all liens, claims,
pledges, options, adverse claims, assessments or charges of any nature
whatsoever, or to have full right, capacity and authority to vote such Target
Capital Stock in favor of the Merger and the other transactions contemplated
hereby;
(c) Any and all actions, suits, claims or legal, administrative,
arbitrative, governmental or other proceedings or investigations against any
Indemnified Person arising out of such breach.
The sole and exclusive remedy of the Indemnified Persons for any Claims arising
under this Section 10.2, or any other claims for losses, damages or liabilities
relating to, arising under, or in connection with this Agreement, shall be to
exercise their rights to recover, under and pursuant to the Escrow Agreement,
the Escrow Shares and any other assets deposited in escrow pursuant to the
Escrow Agreement.
10.2.2 Time and Value Limitations; Basket. The provisions of
----------------------------------
this Section 10.2.2 shall apply notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the
Escrow Agreement. With respect to any Claim, the indemnification provided for in
this Section 10.2 shall not apply unless the Acquirer gives written notice to
the Representative with respect to such Claim on or prior to the first
anniversary of the Closing Date. Escrow Shares shall be valued for the purposes
of satisfying Claims at the Agreement Date Average Price Per Share. Indemnified
Persons shall not be entitled to any indemnification payment pursuant to Section
10.2 until such time as the total amount of payments due with respect to all
Claims incurred by any one or more of the Indemnified Persons exceeds $100,000
in the aggregate. If the total amount of such Claims exceeds $100,000, then the
Indemnified Persons shall be entitled to be indemnified against the full amount
of such Claims from the first dollar and not merely the portion of such Claims
exceeding $100,000.
10.2.3 Survival of Claims. Notwithstanding anything to the
------------------
contrary, if, prior to the expiration of a particular representation or
warranty, an Indemnified Person makes a claim for indemnification under either
this Agreement or the Escrow Agreement with respect to a misrepresentation or
breach of such representation or warranty, then the Indemnified Person's rights
to indemnification under this Section 10.2 for such claim shall survive any
expiration of such representation or warranty.
10.3 Registration of Shares Issued in the Merger.
-------------------------------------------
(a) Acquirer shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the
Shares of Acquirer Common Stock issued in the Merger, including any and all
Escrow Shares (the "Registrable Securities") to be registered under the
----------------------
Securities Act so as to permit the resale thereof, and in connection therewith
shall prepare and file a Registration Statement on Form S-3 ("Registration
------------
Statement") with the SEC as soon as reasonably practical after the date hereof,
- ---------
but
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in any event within 30 business days after closing, and shall use its reasonable
best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective as soon as
reasonably practical thereafter; provided, however, that each holder of
Registrable Securities ("Holder") shall provide all such information and
------
materials to Acquirer in its possession and take all such action in its control,
in each case, as may be required in order to permit Acquirer to comply with all
applicable requirements of the SEC and to obtain any desired acceleration of the
effective date of such Registration Statement. Such provision of information
and materials is a condition precedent to the obligations of Acquirer pursuant
to this Section 10.3. Acquirer shall not be required to effect more than one
(1) registration under this Section 10.3. The offering made pursuant to such
registration shall not be underwritten.
(b) Acquirer shall (i) prepare and file with the SEC the
Registration Statement in accordance with Section 10.3(a) hereof with respect to
the shares of Registrable Securities and shall use all reasonable best efforts
to cause the Registration Statement remain effective for a period ending on the
last to occur of (i) the date all of the Shares registered thereunder may be
sold under Rule 144 in one three-month period (assuming compliance by the
Holders with the provisions thereof) or one (1) year after the Effective Time
(subject to Section 10.3(c)); and (ii) prepare and file with the SEC such
amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement and the prospectus used
in connection therewith as may be necessary, and to comply with the provisions
of the Securities Act with respect to the sale or other disposition of all
securities proposed to be registered in the Registration Statement until the
termination of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, (iii) furnish to
each Holder such number of copies of any prospectus (including any preliminary
prospectus and any amended or supplemented prospectus) in conformity with the
requirements of the Securities Act, and such other documents, as each Holder may
reasonably request in order to effect the offering and sale of the shares of the
Registrable Securities to be offered and sold, but only while Acquirer shall be
required under the provisions hereof to cause the Registration Statement to
remain current.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 10.3,
Acquirer shall have the right at any time to require that all Holders suspend
further open market offers and sales of Registrable Securities whenever, and for
so long as, in the reasonable judgment of Acquirer in good faith after
consultation with counsel, but in no event more than 45 days at any time and in
any event not more than three times in any twelve month period, there is in
existence material undisclosed information or events with respect to Acquirer
(the "Suspension Right"). In the event Acquirer exercises the Suspension Right,
----------------
such suspension will continue for the period of time reasonably necessary for
disclosure to occur at a time that is not materially detrimental to Acquirer or
until such time as the information or event is no longer material, each as
determined in good faith by Acquirer after consultation with counsel, but in no
event more than 45 days at any time and in any event not more than three times
in any twelve month period. Acquirer will promptly give the Purchaser
Representative notice, in a writing signed by an executive officer of Acquirer
of any such suspension (the "Suspension Notice"). Acquirer agrees to notify the
-----------------
Purchaser Representative promptly upon termination of the suspension (the
"Resumption Notice"). Upon receipt of either a Suspension Notice or Resumption
-----------------
Notice, the Purchaser Representative shall immediately notify each Holder
concerning the status of the Registration Statement. The period during which
Acquirer is required to keep the Registration Statement effective shall be
extended by a period equal in length to any and all periods during which open
market offers and sales of Registrable Securities are suspended pursuant to
exercise of the Suspension Right.
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<PAGE>
(d) Acquirer shall pay all of the out-of-pocket expenses, other
than underwriting discounts and commissions, if any, incurred in connection with
any registration of Registrable Securities pursuant to this Section 10.3,
including, without limitation, all registration and filing fees, printing
expenses, transfer agents' and registrars' fees, the fees and disbursements of
Acquirer's outside counsel and independent accountants.
(e) To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Acquirer will
indemnify, defend, protect and hold harmless each selling Holder, each
underwriter of Acquirer Common Stock being sold by such Holders pursuant to this
Section 10.3, each person, if any, who controls any such Holder or underwriter
within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act and their
respective affiliates, officers, directors, partners, successors and assigns
(each a "Holder Indemnitee"), against all actions, claims, losses, damages,
liabilities and expenses to which they or any of them become subject under the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act or under any other statute or at common law or
otherwise and, except as hereinafter provided, will promptly reimburse each such
Holder Indemnitee, for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them
or any of them in connection with investigating or defending any actions whether
or not resulting in any liability, insofar as such losses, claims, damages,
expenses, liabilities or actions arise out of or are based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement of material fact in any registration
statement and any prospectus filed pursuant to Section 10.3 or any post-
effective amendment thereto or arise out of or are based upon any omission or
alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or any violation by the
Acquirer of any rule or regulation promulgated under the Securities Act, the
Exchange Act or any statute, regulation or law applicable to the Acquirer and
relating to action or inaction required of the Acquirer in connection with such
registration; provided, however, that the Acquirer shall not be liable to any
such Holder Indemnitee in respect of any claims, losses, damages, liabilities
and expenses resulting from any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement, or
omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with
information furnished in writing to the Acquirer by such Holder Indemnitee
specifically for use in connection with such registration statement and
prospectus or post-effective amendment.
(f) To the fullest extent permitted by law, each selling Holder
of Registrable Shares registered in accordance with Section 10.3 will indemnify
the Acquirer, each person, if any, who controls the Acquirer within the meaning
of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, each underwriter of Acquirer Common
Stock and their respective affiliates, officers, directors, partners, successors
and assigns (each an "Acquirer Indemnitee") against any actions, claims, losses,
-------------------
damages, liabilities and expenses to which they or any of them may become
subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or under any other statute or
at common law or otherwise, and, except as hereinafter provided, will promptly
reimburse each Acquirer Indemnitee for any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by them or any of them in connection with investigating or defending
any actions whether or not resulting in any liability, insofar as such losses,
claims, damages, expenses, liabilities or actions arise out of or are based upon
any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in any
registration statement and any prospectus filed pursuant to Section 10.3 or any
post-effective amendment thereto, or any omission or alleged omission to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading, which untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or
omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with
information furnished in writing to the Acquirer by such Holder specifically for
use in connection with such registration
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<PAGE>
statement, prospectus or post-effective amendment; provided, however, that the
obligations of each such selling Holder hereunder shall be limited to an amount
equal to the proceeds to such Holder from the sale of such Holder's Registrable
Securities as contemplated herein.
(g) Each person entitled to indemnification under this Section
10.3 (an "Indemnified Person") shall give notice to the party required to
------------------
provide indemnification (the "Indemnifying Person") promptly after such
-------------------
Indemnified Person has actual knowledge of any claim as to which indemnity may
be sought and shall permit the Indemnifying Person to assume the defense of any
such claim and any litigation resulting therefrom, provided that counsel for the
Indemnifying Person who conducts the defense of such claim or any litigation
resulting therefrom shall be approved by the Indemnified Person (whose approval
shall not unreasonably be withheld), and the Indemnified Person may participate
in such defense at such party's expense (unless the Indemnified Person has
reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest between the
Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person in such action, in which case the
fees and expenses of counsel for the Indemnified Person shall be at the expense
of the Indemnifying Person), and provided further that the failure of any
Indemnified Person to give notice as provided herein shall not relieve the
Indemnifying Person of its obligations under this Section 10.3 except to the
extent the Indemnifying Person is materially prejudiced thereby. No Indemnifying
Person, in the defense of any such claim or litigation, shall (except with the
consent of each Indemnified Person) consent to entry of any judgment or enter
into any settlement that does not include as an unconditional term thereof the
giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Person of a release from
all liability in respect to such claim or litigation. Each Indemnified Person
shall furnish such information regarding itself or the claim in question as an
Indemnifying Person may reasonably request in writing and as shall be reasonably
required in connection with the defense of such claim and litigation resulting
therefrom.
(h) In order to provide for just and equitable contribution to
joint liability under the Securities Act in any case in which the Acquirer or
any Holder makes a claim for indemnification pursuant to this Section 10.3 but
it is judicially determined (by the entry of a final judgment or decree by a
court of competent jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal or the
denial of the last right of appeal) that such indemnification may not be
enforced in such case notwithstanding that this Section 10.3 provides for
indemnification, in such case, then the Acquirer and such Holder will contribute
to the aggregate losses, claims, damages or liabilities to which they may be
subject (after contribution from others) in such proportion as is appropriate to
reflect the relative fault of the Acquirer on the one hand and of the Holder on
the other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such
losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations or, if the allocation provided herein is not permitted by
applicable law, in such proportion as shall be permitted by applicable law and
reflect as nearly as possible the allocation provided herein. The relative fault
of the Acquirer on the one hand and of the Holder on the other shall be
determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a
material fact relates to information supplied by the Acquirer on the one hand or
by the Holder on the other, and each party's relative intent, knowledge, access
to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission;
provided, however, that, in any such case (i) no Holder will be required to
contribute any amount in excess of the proceeds received by such Holder from the
sale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement; and (ii) no
person or entity guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation within the meaning of
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Section 11(f) of the Securities Act will be entitled to contribution from any
person or entity who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
11. MISCELLANEOUS
11.1 Governing Law. Except to the extent for corporate matters
-------------
governed by the internal laws of Delaware and Utah, the internal laws of the
State of California (irrespective of its choice of law principles) will govern
the validity of this Agreement, the construction of its terms, and the
interpretation and enforcement of the rights and duties of the parties hereto.
11.2 Assignment; Binding Upon Successors and Assigns. No party
-----------------------------------------------
hereto may assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior
written consent of the other party hereto. This Agreement will be binding upon
and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors
and permitted assigns.
11.3 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement, or the
------------
application thereof, is for any reason held to any extent to be invalid or
unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement and application of such provision
to other persons or circumstances will be interpreted so as reasonably to effect
the intent of the parties hereto. The parties further agree to replace such
unenforceable provision of this Agreement with a valid and enforceable provision
that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other
purposes of the void or unenforceable provision.
11.4 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts,
------------
each of which will be an original as regards any party whose name appears
thereon and all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
This Agreement will become binding when one or more counterparts hereof,
individually or taken together, bear the signatures of all parties reflected
hereon as signatories.
11.5 Amendment and Waivers. Any term or provision of this Agreement
---------------------
may be amended, and the observance of any term of this Agreement may be waived
(either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or
prospectively), only by a writing signed by the party to be bound thereby. The
waiver by a party of any breach hereof or default in the performance hereof will
not be deemed to constitute a waiver of any other default or any succeeding
breach or default. This Agreement may be amended by the parties hereto at any
time before or after approval of the Target Shareholders.
11.6 No Waiver. The failure of any party to enforce any of the
---------
provisions hereof will not be construed to be a waiver of the right of such
party thereafter to enforce such provisions. The waiver by any party of the
right to enforce any of the provisions hereof on any occasion will not be
construed to be a waiver of the right of such party to enforce such provision on
any other occasion.
11.7 Notices. Any notice or other communication required or
-------
permitted to be given under this Agreement will be in writing, will be delivered
personally or by mail or express delivery, postage prepaid, and will be deemed
given upon actual delivery or, if mailed by
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<PAGE>
registered or certified mail, on the third business day following deposit in the
mails, addressed as follows:
(i) If to Acquirer:
Exodus Communications, Inc.
2831 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Attention: Adam W. Wegner, General Counsel
with a copy to:
Fenwick & West LLP
Two Palo Alto Square
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Attention: David W. Healy, Esq.
Phone: (650) 494-0600
Fax: (650) 494-1417
(ii) If to Target:
KeyLabs, Inc.
385 South 520 West
Lindon, UT 84042
Attention: J.D. Brisk
Phone: (801) 226-8200
Fax: (801) 226-8205
with a copy to:
Parsons Behle & Latimer
201 South Main Street, Suite 1800
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Attention: Brent Christensen, Esq.
Phone: (801) 532-1234
Fax: (801) 536-6111
or to such other address as the party in question may have furnished to the
other party by written notice given in accordance with this Section 11.9.
11.8 Construction of Agreement. The language hereof will not be
-------------------------
construed for or against any party based solely on that party being the drafting
party. A reference to an article, section or exhibit will mean an article or
section in, or an exhibit to, this Agreement, unless otherwise explicitly set
forth. The titles and headings in this Agreement are for reference purposes
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<PAGE>
only and will not in any manner limit the construction of this Agreement. For
the purposes of such construction, this Agreement will be considered as a whole.
11.9 No Joint Venture. Nothing contained in this Agreement will be
----------------
deemed or construed as creating a joint venture or partnership between the
parties hereto. No party is by virtue of this Agreement authorized as an agent,
employee or legal representative of any other party. No party will have the
power to control the activities and operations of any other, and the parties'
status is, and at all times, will continue to be, that of independent
contractors with respect to each other. No party will have any power or
authority to bind or commit any other. No party will hold itself out as having
any authority or relationship in contravention of this Section.
11.10 Further Assurances. Each party agrees to cooperate fully with
------------------
the other party and to execute such further instruments, documents and
agreements and to give such further written assurances as may be reasonably
requested by the other party to evidence and reflect the transactions provided
for herein and to carry into effect the intent of this Agreement.
11.11 Public Announcement. Acquirer and Target will issue a press
-------------------
release approved by both parties announcing the Merger as soon as practicable
following the execution of this Agreement. Acquirer may issue such press
releases, and make such other disclosures regarding the Merger, as it determines
to be required or appropriate under applicable securities laws or Nasdaq Stock
Market rules after reasonable consultation, where possible, with Target. Target
will not make any other public announcement or disclosure of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement. Target will take all reasonable precautions to
prevent any trading in the securities of Acquirer by officers, directors,
employees and agents of Target having knowledge of any material information
regarding Acquirer provided hereunder, including, without limitation, the
existence of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (the "Acquirer
--------
Material Information"), until the information in question has been publicly
- --------------------
disclosed. The Target Shareholders agree not to trade in the securities of
Acquirer until the Acquirer Material Information has been disclosed.
11.12 Time is of the Essence. The parties hereto acknowledge and
----------------------
agree that time is of the essence in connection with the execution, delivery and
performance of this Agreement, and that they will each utilize reasonable best
efforts to satisfy all the conditions to Closing.
11.13 Material Adverse Effect" and "Material Adverse Change" For
----------------------- -----------------------
purposes of this Agreement, the terms "Material Adverse Effect" and "Material
----------------------- --------
Adverse Change" mean or refer to, with respect to any entity, any adverse
- --------------
change, circumstance or effect that, individually or in the aggregate with all
other adverse changes, circumstances and effects, is or is reasonably likely to
be materially adverse to the financial condition, properties, assets,
liabilities, material Intellectual Property rights, business, prospects or
operating results of such entity, and its subsidiaries if any, taken as a whole.
11.14 "Person" shall mean any individual, Entity or Governmental
------
Body. "Entity" shall mean any corporation (including any non-profit
------
corporation), general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability
partnership, joint venture, estate, trust, company (including any limited
liability company or joint stock company), firm or other enterprise,
association, organization or entity. "Governmental Body" shall mean any: (a)
-----------------
nation, state, commonwealth, province, territory, county, municipality, district
or other jurisdiction of any nature; (b) federal,
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state, local, municipal, foreign or other government; or (c) governmental or
quasi-governmental authority of any nature (including any governmental division,
department, agency, commission, instrumentality, official, organization, unit,
body or Entity and any court or other tribunal).
11.15 Expenses. All expenses incurred in connection with the Merger
--------
on behalf of Target, including, but not limited to, all accounting, legal and
investment banking and other Merger related fees, shall be paid by Target's
current shareholders, and not by Target or Acquirer; provided, that in the event
of Closing Acquirer shall pay all reasonable and customary accounting and
attorneys' fees and expenses incurred by Target in connection with the Merger,
not to exceed $100,000 in the aggregate. The Target Shareholders will pay and
hold Acquirer harmless from any such fees and expenses incurred in connection
with the Merger in excess of $100,000. If such payment of such amounts due to be
paid by Target shareholders under the preceding sentence is not made by the
Target Shareholders, Acquirer will pay such fees or expenses and will be
entitled to treat the amount of payment as Claims recoverable under Section 10.2
and as an uncontested claim under the Escrow Agreement.
11.16 Absence of Third Party Beneficiary Rights. No provisions of
-----------------------------------------
this Agreement are intended, nor will be interpreted, to provide or create any
third party beneficiary rights or any other rights of any kind in any client,
customer, affiliate, partner or employee of any party hereto or any other person
or entity, except as specifically otherwise provided to be for the benefit of
officers, directors, employees or shareholders of Target in Sections 4.13 and
5.4 (as to employees), 5.5 (as to officers and directors) and 10.3 (as to
shareholders), and, except as so provided, all provisions hereof will be
personal solely between the parties to this Agreement.
11.17 Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the exhibits hereto,
----------------
together with the Nondisclosure Agreement dated November 23, 1999, constitute
the entire understanding and agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the
subject matter hereof and supersede all prior and contemporaneous agreements or
understandings, inducements or conditions, express or implied, written or oral,
between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. The express
terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance or usage of trade
inconsistent with any of the terms hereof.
[REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK]
-46-
<PAGE>
EXECUTION VERSION
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of
the date first above written.
ACQUIRER TARGET
Exodus Communications, Inc. KeyLabs, Inc.
By:__________________________ By:___________________________
Ellen Hancock J.D. Brisk
CEO & President CEO & President
NEWCO
EKLI Acquisition Corp.
By:__________________________
Ellen Hancock
President
SIGNATURE PAGE TO
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF REORGANIZATION
<PAGE>
Exhibit 5.01
[Letterhead of Fenwick & West LLP]
April 7, 2000
Exodus Communications, Inc.
2831 Mission College Boulevard
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Ladies and Gentlemen:
At your request, we have examined the Registration Statement on Form S-3
(the "Registration Statement") to be filed by you with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission") on or about April 7, 2000 in connection
with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of an
aggregate of 393,368 shares of your Common Stock (the "Stock"), all of which
will be sold by certain selling stockholders (the "Selling Stockholders").
In rendering this opinion, we have examined the following:
(1) your registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on
February 13, 1998 and your registration statement on Form 8-A filed with
the Commission on January 29, 1999, as amended by a Form 8-A/A filed with
the Commission on November 29, 1999;
(2) your annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December
31, 1999 filed with the Commission on March 30, 2000;
(3) the Registration Statement, together with the exhibits filed as a
part thereof or incorporated by reference therein;
(4) the prospectus prepared in connection with the Registration
Statement (the "Prospectus");
(5) the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization dated as of January 7,
2000, among you, Key Labs, Inc. and EKLI Acquisition Corp.
(6) copies provided to us of the minutes of meetings and actions by
written consent of the stockholders and Board of Directors that are
relevant to the issuance of the Stock to the Selling Stockholders and the
registration of the Stock pursuant to the Registration Statement that are
contained in your minute books and the minute books of your predecessor,
Exodus Communications, Inc., a California corporation, which are maintained
by you;
(7) a certificate from your transfer agent dated April 7, 2000 regarding
the number of shares outstanding, and a list prepared by you identifying
all outstanding options, warrants and other rights to acquire your capital
stock; and
(8) a Management Certificate addressed to us and dated of even date
herewith executed by you containing certain factual and other
representations.
In our examination of documents for purposes of this opinion, we have
assumed, and express no opinion as to, the genuineness of all signatures on
original documents, the authenticity and completeness of all documents
submitted to us as originals or copies of originals, the conformity to
originals and completeness of all documents submitted to us as copies, the
legal capacity of all natural persons executing the same, the lack of any
undisclosed termination, modification, waiver or amendment to any documents
reviewed by us and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all
documents where due authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to
the effectiveness thereof.
<PAGE>
As to matters of fact relevant to this opinion, we have relied solely upon
our examination of the documents referred to above and have assumed the current
accuracy and completeness of the information obtained from records referred to
above. We have made no independent investigation or other attempt to verify the
accuracy of any of such information or to determine the existence or non-
existence of any other factual matters; however, we are not aware of any facts
that would cause us to believe that the opinion expressed herein is not
accurate.
We are admitted to practice law in the State of California, and we express
no opinion herein with respect to the application or effect of the laws of any
jurisdiction other than the existing laws of the State of California and the
existing Delaware General Corporation Law.
In connection with our opinion expressed below, we have assumed that, at or
prior to the time of the delivery of any shares of Stock, the Registration
Statement will have become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, that the registration will apply to such shares of Stock and will not
have been modified or rescinded and that there will not have occurred any
change in law affecting the validity or enforceability of such shares of Stock.
We also assume you will timely file any and all supplements to the Registration
Statement and Prospectus as are necessary to comply with applicable laws, rules
or regulations of the Commission or any other governmental body. However, we
take no responsibility to monitor your future compliance with applicable laws,
rules or regulations of the Commission or any other governmental body.
Based upon the foregoing, it is our opinion that the up to 393,368 shares of
Stock to be sold by the Selling Stockholders pursuant to the Registration
Statement are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the
Registration Statement, the prospectus constituting a part thereof and any
amendments thereto.
This opinion speaks only as of its date and we assume no obligation to
update this opinion should circumstances change after the date hereof.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Fenwick & West LLP
Fenwick & West LLP
2
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23.02
CONSENT OF KPMG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors
Exodus Communications, Inc.:
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the registration statement
on Form S-3 of Exodus Communications, Inc. dated on or about April 7, 2000, of
our report dated January 25, 2000, relating to the consolidated balance sheets
of Exodus Communications, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1998 and
1999, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders'
(deficit) equity and comprehensive loss, and cash flows for each of the years
in the three-year period ended December 31, 1999, and the related financial
statement schedule. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the
heading "Experts" in the registration statement.
KPMG LLP
Mountain View, California
April 7, 2000
