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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(MARK ONE)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997
OR
[_] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED] FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD
FROM ________TO__________
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-23941
=======
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
DELAWARE 58-2361501
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
Incorporation or Organization)
13 CORPORATE SQUARE, SUITE 250
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30329
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (404) 321-4045
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT:
NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT:
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value
TITLE OF EACH CLASS
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports
required by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to
the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. [_]
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The aggregate market value of the outstanding shares of the registrant's
Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant was approximately $92,021,793 as of March 19, 1998. There were
12,567,194 shares of the registrant's Class A Common Stock and 2,707,919 shares
of the registrant's Class B Common Stock outstanding as of March 19, 1998.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant's definitive proxy statement to be delivered to
shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held
on May 22, 1998 are incorporated by reference in response to Part III of this
Report.
PART I
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this "Form 10-K"),
including statements under "Item 1. Business" and "Item 7. Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," that
are not historical facts constitute "forward-looking statements" within the
meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the "Reform
Act"). Certain, but not necessarily all, of such forward-looking statements can
be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "believes,"
"expects," "may," "will," "should," or "anticipates" or the negative thereof or
other variations thereon or comparable terminology, or by discussions of
strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements
involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may
cause the actual results, performance or achievements of U.S. Franchise
Systems, Inc. (the "Company") and its subsidiaries to be materially different
from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by
such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to,
the following: general economic and business conditions; competition in the
lodging and franchising industries; success of acquisitions and operating
initiatives; management of growth; dependence on senior management; brand
awareness; general risks of the lodging and franchising industries; development
risk; risk relating to the availability of financing for franchisees; the
existence or absence of adverse publicity; changes in business strategy or
development plan; availability, terms and deployment of capital; business
abilities and judgment of personnel; availability of qualified personnel; labor
and employee benefit costs; changes in, or failure to comply with, government
regulations; construction schedules; the costs and other effects of legal and
administrative proceedings; and other factors referenced in this Form 10-K. The
Company will not undertake and specifically declines any obligation to publicly
release the results of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking
statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements
or to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events.
ITEM 1. BUSINESS.
Certain statements under this caption "Business" constitute
"forward-looking statements" under the Reform Act. See "Special Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements."
On March 12, 1998, the Company completed a series of transactions which
enabled it to acquire the entire interest in the Hawthorn Suites brand of
hotels. The transaction (the "Merger") was structured as a reverse acquisition,
whereby U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. ("USFS") was merged into USFS Hawthorn,
Inc., a Delaware corporation incorporated on November 26, 1997 ("USH").
Pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of December 9, 1997 by and
between USFS and USH (the "Merger Agreement"),
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immediately following consummation of the Merger, USH changed its name to U.S.
Franchise Systems, Inc. ("the Company"). See "-- Recent Developments --
Hawthorn Acquisition." The term "the Company" when used herein, refers to USFS
before the Merger, and, following completion of the Merger, to USH as the
surviving corporation in the Merger and as the successor to the business of
USFS.
GENERAL
USFS was formed in August 1995 to acquire, market and service
well-positioned brands with potential for rapid unit growth primarily through
franchising. The Company's initial brands, which are in the lodging industry,
are the Microtel and Hawthorn Suites brands. The Company acquired the rights to
these brands because of their potential for significant growth, which reflects,
among other things, their potential profitability for franchisees at the
property level and their positions in attractive segments of the lodging
industry.
At the time of acquisition of the Microtel brand in October 1995, there
were twenty-seven hotels open or under development, consisting of twenty-three
that were open and four that were under construction. As of December 31, 1997,
the brand had 369 hotels open or under development, consisting of sixty-four
that were open, fifty-two that were under construction and 253 for which
franchise agreements had been executed but that were not under construction. In
addition, as of December 31, 1997, the Company had accepted applications from
prospective franchisees for an additional seventy-seven franchises. The hotels
open or under development or for which franchise applications had been accepted
expands the number of states in which Microtel hotels are or may be located
from ten in 1995 to forty-eight as of December 31, 1997. Based upon the
Company's limited historical experience to date, there can be no assurances
that hotels under development or for which applications have been accepted will
result in open hotels.
At the time of the acquisition of the exclusive worldwide franchise rights
to the Hawthorn Suites brand in March 1996, there were eighteen Hawthorn hotels
open or under development, consisting of seventeen that were open and one that
was under construction. As of December 31, 1997, the brand had ninety-four
hotels open or under development, consisting of twenty-six that were open,
fourteen under construction and fifty-four for which franchise agreements had
been executed but that were not under construction. In addition, the Company
had accepted applications from prospective franchisees for an additional
seventeen franchises. Based upon the Company's limited historical experience to
date, there can be no assurances that hotels under development or for which
applications have been accepted will result in open hotels.
As a franchisor, the Company licenses the use of its brand names to
independent hotel owners and operators (i.e., franchisees). The Company
provides its franchisees with a variety of benefits and services designed to
(i) decrease the development costs, (ii) shorten the time frame and reduce the
complexity of the construction process and (iii) increase the occupancy rates,
revenues and profitability of the franchised properties. The Company offers
prospective franchisees access to financing, a business format, design and
construction assistance (including architectural plans), quality standards,
training programs, national reservations systems, national and local
advertising and promotional campaigns and volume purchasing discounts.
During the year ended December 31, 1997, approximately 41% of the
Company's revenues were derived from franchise royalty fees and franchise
application fees, approximately 49% from reservation and marketing fees and
approximately 10% from various fees and other revenues including from the
Company's own lending or investment, or from third-party financing arranged by
the Company for its franchisees. In addition, the Company in the future may
acquire ownership interests in hotel and other properties in brands that it
franchises or otherwise may operate franchised or other properties pursuant to
management contracts
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under which it would receive a management fee. The Company currently owns three
Microtel properties under development which it expects to sell after
completion. However, no assurances can be given that such sales will take
place. The Company currently leases, as tenant, one open Microtel property,
which it intends to assign to a suitable tenant, but no assurances can be given
that such assignment will occur. The Company also receives cash from its
franchisees in the form of application fees, which are recognized as revenue
only upon the opening of the underlying hotels.
The Company was incorporated in November 1997 for purposes of effecting the
Merger. See "-- Recent Developments -- Hawthorn Acquisition." The Company's
predecessor, USFS, was incorporated in Delaware in August 1995. The Company's
executive offices are located at 13 Corporate Square, Suite 250, Atlanta,
Georgia 30329 and its telephone number is (404) 321-4045.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Hawthorn Acquisition. On March 12, 1998, the Company completed a series of
transactions which enabled it to acquire the entire interest in the Hawthorn
Suites brand of hotels. The transaction was structured as a reverse
acquisition, whereby USFS was merged with and into USH. In the Merger, each
share of Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share of USFS (the "USFS
Class A Common Stock"), and Class B Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of
USFS (the "USFS Class B Common Stock" and, together with the USFS Class A
Common Stock, the "USFS Common Stock") issued and outstanding immediately prior
to the effective time of the Merger was converted into the right to receive one
share of Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Company ("Class
A Common Stock") or Class B Common Stock, par value $.01 per share of the
Company (the "Class B Common Stock" and together with the Class A Common Stock,
collectively, the "Company Common Stock"), respectively. Pursuant to the Merger
Agreement, immediately following consummation of the Merger, USH changed its
name to "U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc." USH was the surviving corporation in the
Merger and succeeded to the business of USFS. Prior to the Merger, Hawthorn
Suites Associates, an Illinois joint venture ("HSA") and HSA Properties, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation ("HPI"), collectively owned 99% of the membership
interest in HSA Properties, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company ("HSA
LLC"), which owned all of the trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual
property related to the Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels. Pursuant to a
Contribution Agreement dated as of December 9, 1997, by and among HSA, HPI, USH
and USFS, immediately prior to the Merger, all of HSA's and HPI's respective
membership interests in HSA LLC were transferred to USH, in a transaction
whereby (i) HSA was issued 2,119,775 shares of Class A Common Stock of USH, and
(ii) HPI was issued 22,447 shares of Class A Common Stock. Since the remaining
1% membership interest in HSA LLC was owned by USFS, following the Merger, HSA
LLC became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.
As a result of the Merger of USFS into USH, HSA and HPI collectively own
approximately 15.04% of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock,
representing approximately 5.68% of the voting power of the outstanding shares
of Company Common Stock, while the former shareholders of USFS own
approximately 84.96% of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock,
representing approximately 94.32% of the voting power of the outstanding shares
of Company Common Stock. Company Common Stock is identical to USFS Common Stock
in all respects, including voting rights, dividend and liquidation
participation, pre-emptive rights and conversion rights and restrictions.
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Prior to the merger, USFS and HSA LLC were parties to the Master Franchise
Agreement, dated as of March 27, 1996 (the "Hawthorn Acquisition Agreement"),
pursuant to which USFS had acquired the exclusive, worldwide rights to
franchise and to control the development and operation of the Hawthorn Suites
brand of hotels. The Hawthorn Acquisition Agreement required that a percentage
of royalties received by the Company from the franchising of Hawthorn Suites
hotels be remitted to HSA LLC and also contained certain restrictions on the
Company's operations and imposed standards relating to the development of the
Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels. Accordingly, the acquisition of the remaining
99% interest in HSA LLC, pursuant to the Merger and related transactions,
eliminated these provisions.
The Company considered the following primary reasons for entering into the
Hawthorn transaction: (i) accretive earnings to the Company because future
royalty payments to the HSA LLC are eliminated, (ii) the elimination of certain
restrictions on the Company's ability to purchase and franchise certain other
lodging brands, and (iii) the simplification of the Company's royalty
structure.
Best Inns Acquisition. On December 15, 1997 the Company signed a
definitive agreement with the seller (the "Seller") to acquire the exclusive
worldwide franchise rights to the Best Inns and Best Suites of America hotel
brands (collectively "Best" hotels). In addition, the Company will acquire the
assets of the company that provides fee-based management services to
twenty-eight existing Best hotels. Immediately following the proposed
transaction, the Company will assume, or enter into, franchise agreements for
each of the thirty-four existing Best properties and management agreements for
twenty-eight existing Best properties. In connection with this acquisition, the
Company expects to complete the following transactions with Highend Hospitality
Partners, LLC (the "Third Party Buyer"), if the Third Party Buyer agrees to
acquire from the Seller seventeen Best hotels, although the Company and the
Third Party Buyer have not yet entered into definitive documentation: (i) the
Company expects to make a $5,000,000 subordinated loan at an interest rate of
12% per annum to, or a $5,000,000 equity investment in, the Third Party Buyer,
(ii) the Company expects to issue to the Third Party Buyer 200,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock of the Company at a cash price per share equal to $8.00
(the closing price of the Company's Class A Common Stock on December 15, 1997),
and (iii) the Company expects to issue an additional 150,000 shares of Class A
Common Stock (or Company Class A Common Stock, as the case may be) to the Third
Party Buyer for no additional cash consideration, making its total holdings an
aggregate of 350,000 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company. The Company
expects to issue such additional shares in lieu of issuing, as originally
requested by the Third Party Buyer, a warrant to acquire a greater number of
shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company. No officer, director or, to the
best of the Company's knowledge, 5% or greater shareholder of the Company is a
partner, officer or director of the Third Party Buyer. The Company expects to
extend the loan to, or make the investment in, the Third Party Buyer and to
issue the shares to the Third Party Buyer in order to induce it to purchase
from the Seller seventeen of the existing Best hotels, which is a condition to
the Company's ability to acquire the assets it proposes to acquire in the
transaction. The Seller has imposed this condition because it wishes to sell
all of its Best hotels assets, but the Company wished only to purchase the
franchise rights and management service company assets. The transaction is
subject to the Company's completion to its satisfaction of its due diligence
review, the execution and delivery of definitive documentation by the Company
and the Third Party Buyer, and other customary conditions and no assurances can
be made that the transaction will be completed or that it will be completed on
the foregoing terms.
Establishment of Development Fund. On March 17, 1998, NorthStar
Constellation, LLC (together with its affiliates, "NorthStar"), Lubert-Adler
Real Estate Opportunity Funds (together with its affiliates, "Lubert-Adler")
and Constellation Equity Corp., an entity controlled by NorthStar
("Constellation"), formed Constellation Development Fund (the "Development
Fund"). The Development Fund was established, in part, to provide capital that
will allow the Company to extend its Microtel Inn and Hawthorn Suites brands
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into high visibility, difficult to develop areas by providing debt and equity
financing to selected local developers. Management believes that the addition
of these locations will help increase the Company's brand awareness, both with
potential builders and with hotel guests. NorthStar, Lubert-Adler and
Constellation will contribute to the Development Fund equity totaling $50
million, and will arrange debt financing for an additional $50 million in the
form of a senior credit facility with a commercial bank. The Development Fund
is expected to fund the construction of 20 to 25 Microtel Inns or Hawthorn
Suites hotels over the next eighteen months, and is currently in the process of
reviewing five projects requesting debt and equity commitments totaling
approximately $22 million.
In connection with the establishment of the Development Fund, the Company
has made a $10 million loan to Constellation, which will use the funds to make
a subordinated investment in the Development Fund. The loan bears interest at
an annual rate of 8%, is non-recourse and is repayable from distributions and
payments made to Constellation from the Development Fund. The Company will also
be paid $3.5 million over the next five years to manage the Development Fund.
In connection with the establishment of the Development Fund, the Company
sold an aggregate of 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to NorthStar and
Lubert-Adler for $5.6 million. NorthStar and Lubert-Adler also have the right to
purchase up to an additional 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, exercisable
on a pro-rata basis within eighteen months of the commitment of the Development
Fund's capital at a price of $11.25 per share. The closing price of the Class A
Common Stock on March 17, 1998, as reported on The Nasdaq National Market, was
$13.00 per share. In addition, David T. Hamamoto was elected to the Board of
Directors of the Company. Mr. Hamamoto is the Co-Chief Executive Officer of
NorthStar. Dean Adler, a director of the Company, serves as a manager of
Lubert-Adler. In addition, Mr. Adler, along with Mr. Hamamoto and Neal Aronson,
the Executive Vice President and a director of the Company, serve as managers of
the Development Fund.
BUSINESS STRATEGY
The Company's business strategy is to: (i) rapidly increase the number of
open Microtel and Hawthorn Suites hotels, (ii) operate its administrative and
franchisee support departments in order to maximize the operating leverage
inherent in the franchising business and (iii) acquire additional lodging or
other service-oriented brands that provide attractive unit economics to
franchisees and significant growth opportunities for the Company. To
successfully accomplish the growth strategy, the responsibilities of the
Company's franchise service personnel include, among other things, supporting
franchisees in their efforts to develop, construct and open hotels. For
example, the Company's franchise services department reviews site plans and
construction drawings and aids franchisees in the areas of public relations,
marketing, finance, national accounts purchasing and training. The Company
also, from time to time, may make loans and/or equity investments in certain
hotels in order to assist a franchisee with its financing needs. The Company
expects to use its existing cash balance to fund these activities during 1998.
Additionally, the Company intends to continually examine acquisition
opportunities that have the potential to expand its portfolio of franchised
brands both inside and outside of the lodging industry. No assurances can be
made, however, that the Company will consummate any acquisitions. Such
acquisitions would be financed through combinations of the Company's cash
reserves, the issuance of equity securities and/or debt financing provided by
third party lenders, although there can be no assurances that financing would
be available on terms acceptable to the Company or at all.
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In addition, the Company, from time to time, may acquire ownership
interests in properties, certain of which may operate under brands franchised
by the Company and may in the future enter into management contracts to operate
properties, certain of which may be franchised by the Company.
THE HOTEL FRANCHISING AND LODGING INDUSTRIES
Hotel Franchising. In recent years, owners of hotels not affiliated with
regional or national lodging companies have increasingly chosen to join hotel
franchise chains. The Company and other hotel franchise chains provide a number
of services designed to directly or indirectly increase hotel occupancy rates,
revenues and profitability. The Company believes that hotel operators often
view franchise chain membership as an important means of remaining competitive
with hotels that are either owned by or affiliated with national or regional
lodging companies. In determining whether to affiliate with a franchise chain,
hotel operators will compare costs of affiliation with the incremental revenues
anticipated to be derived from chain membership. Costs of affiliation include
capital expenditures and operating costs required to meet a chain's quality and
operating standards, plus the ongoing payment of franchise royalties and
assessments for the reservations system and marketing programs maintained by
the franchisor.
Lodging Industry. The lodging industry has traditionally been divided into
five segments, each of which is identified by the average daily room rate
generally charged by hotel operators in the segment (the "ADR"). These
categories include, in descending order of ADR, luxury, upscale, mid-price,
economy and budget. Hotels are further segmented into limited-service and
full-service, depending on the degree of food and beverage and other services
offered, and hotels are also segmented into transient hotels, which serve
short-term guests, and extended-stay hotels, which serve guests on multiple
night or multiple week stays. The Company's franchised properties operate in
the budget and economy segments of the limited-service sectors through its
Microtel brand, the upscale segment of the extended-stay and transient suite
sectors through its Hawthorn Suites brand and the mid-priced segment through
its Hawthorn Suites LTD brand.
THE COMPANY'S LODGING FRANCHISE SYSTEMS
Microtel. Microtels include three types of properties: Microtel Inns,
which have single and double rooms; Microtel Suites, which are all-suite
properties; and Microtel Inn & Suites, which contain singles, doubles, and
suites. All Microtels, which had an average daily room rate for the year ended
December 31, 1997 of approximately $40.69, operate in the budget or economy
segments of the lodging industry, which are the lowest priced segments in the
industry. Microtels are distinctively styled hotels with a residential look
that offer travelers an attractive and consistent appearance, clean,
comfortable rooms and the safety of interior corridor room access, all for a
competitive room rate.
Microtels feature a distinctive architectural design that minimizes
construction costs and maintenance expenses through smaller room sizes, limited
common areas, smaller land requirements and built-in standardized furniture,
all of which enable franchisees to own and operate a Microtel at a lower cost.
These lower costs may reduce a franchisee's equity investment and may broaden
its debt financing alternatives, thereby expanding the appeal of the Microtel
brand to prospective franchisees. There is no minimum capital requirement for
new franchises. Each franchise application is reviewed on an individual basis.
Since acquiring the Microtel brand in October 1995 and establishing its
sales force by January 1996, the Company has realized franchise sales growth as
follows:
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MICROTEL FRANCHISE DATA
AS OF AS OF AS OF
DECEMBER 31, 1997* DECEMBER 31, 1996 DECEMBER 31, 1995
------------------ ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Hotels Open...................... 64 28 23
Hotels Under Development:
Executed, Under Constr........ 52 25 4
Executed, not Under Constr.... 253 168 3
--- --- --
Total Under Development.......... 305 193 7
Applications Accepted............ 77 82 12
--- --- --
Total Under Develop. and
Accepted Applications......... 382 275 19
Total Open, Under Develop. and
Accepted Applications......... 446 303 42
</TABLE>
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* The Company will not receive royalties from twenty-eight of the sixty-four
open hotels as of December 31, 1997 (it does and will receive marketing
and reservation fees from the franchisees of these properties). The
Company will not receive royalties from five of the 253 executed but not
under construction locations when and if opened. All of the properties
currently under construction will pay royalties to the Company. All of the
seventy-seven accepted applications falls into the royalty paying
category. There can be no assurances that hotels under development or for
which applications have been accepted will result in open hotels.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MICROTEL INNS AND SUITES
ANALYSIS OF ADR, OCCUPANCY, AND REVPAR*
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND 1996
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
------------------------------------- -------------------------------
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE REVENUE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE REVENUE
NUMBER OCCUPANCY DAILY PER NUMBER OCCUPANCY DAILY PER
OF --------- RATE AVAILABLE OF --------- RATE AVAILABLE
ROOMS ------- ROOM ROOMS ------- ROOM
------- --------- ------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
South East(1)................ 96 69.5% $42.71 $29.70 96 68.2% $41.09 $28.01
North Central(2)............. 96 67.7% $38.02 $25.73 96 70.3% $37.33 $26.26
South Central(3)............. 100 66.6% $37.87 $25.22 100 65.9% $36.55 $24.08
North East(4)................ 100 74.0% $38.23 $28.27 100 73.1% $37.34 $27.28
Total........................ 99 69.9% $39.22 $27.42 99 69.4% $37.91 $26.31
</TABLE>
- ---------------------
* Data presented is for twenty-seven properties open more than one year.
(1) Consists of a total of seven properties located in Georgia, North Carolina
and West Virginia.
(2) Consists of a total of two properties located in Ohio.
(3) Consists of a total of nine properties located in Alabama, Kentucky,
Tennessee and Texas.
(4) Consists of a total of nine properties located in New York and
Pennsylvania.
Hawthorn Suites. As an upscale, extended-stay hotel, Hawthorn Suites
provide the traveler with the convenience of a hotel and the amenities
typically found in an apartment. Hawthorn Suites' hotel rooms contain
full-service kitchens with appliances, cookware and utensils, video cassette
players, modem ports, exercise facilities and valet service. Hawthorn Suites
hotels also offer a hot breakfast buffet every morning and guests are invited
to an evening social hour held four times a week. A center courtyard, an
outdoor pool, a multi-use sport court, a barbecue area and a retail store
selling sundry and meal items, snacks and beverages, will also be part of newly
constructed Hawthorn Suites hotels. There is no minimum capital requirement for
new franchises. Each franchise application is reviewed on an individual basis.
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In addition to participating in the upscale, extended-stay segment through
its Hawthorn Suites brand, the Company also franchises Hawthorn Suites LTD, a
mid-price, all suites hotel brand that is designed to meet the needs of both
extended-stay and transient guests. Hawthorn Suites LTD targets development
costs and average daily rates approximately 20% below those for Hawthorn Suites
hotels.
Hotels that are part of the Hawthorn Suites system use the Spirit
Reservation System ("Spirit"). Spirit is operated under contract with Hyatt
Hotels Corporation ("Hyatt") by CSC Outsourcing, Inc. ("CSC") and Sabre
Technology Solutions ("Sabre"). Spirit receives and processes calls made to a
toll-free number dedicated to Hawthorn Suites. The Spirit system is directly
linked by computer to all Hawthorn Suites hotels. Spirit also currently
operates the reservations system for Hyatt hotels. Hyatt manages the voice and
Global Distribution System ("GDS") reservation activities for both Hawthorn
Suites and Hyatt through the Spirit Reservation Center located in Omaha,
Nebraska. Persons calling the Hyatt toll-free number who experience a sold out
Hyatt or no Hyatt in their desired market are automatically referred to the
nearest Hawthorn Suites hotel. There can be no assurance, however, that CSC and
Sabre will continue to service the Hawthorn Suites' reservation needs in the
future.
The extended-stay segment, targeting travelers staying five or more
consecutive nights, is a growing segment of the lodging industry, as travelers
demand better value and environments that feel more like home. Corporate
downsizing has resulted in an increased need for consultants, long-term project
work and growth in corporate training programs. Moreover, with extensive
corporate relocations each year, more people are away from home on longer
trips. Leisure and vacation travelers are also discovering the value of
extended-stay hotels. Due to the longer average stay of the extended-stay guest
and lower guest turnover, operators of extended-stay hotels enjoy reduced
staffing needs, both at the front desk and in housekeeping, relative to
operators of transient hotels. At the same time, reduced guest turnover
contributes to lower supply costs, as hotel operators are not required to
replenish amenities such as soap and shampoo on a daily basis.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HAWTHORN FRANCHISE DATA
AS OF AS OF AS OF
DECEMBER 31, 1997* DECEMBER 31, 1996 MARCH 31, 1996**
------------------ ----------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Hotels Open......................................... 26 19 17
Hotels Under Development:
Executed, Under Constr............................ 14 2 0
Executed, not Under Constr........................ 54 17 0
--- --- --
Total Under Development............................. 68 19 0
Applications Accepted............................... 17 14 0
--- --- --
Total Under Develop. and Applications Accepted.... 85 33 0
Total Open, Under Develop. And Applications 111 52 17
Accepted
</TABLE>
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* The Company will not receive royalties from nineteen of twenty-six open
hotels as of December 31, 1997 (it does and will receive marketing and
reservation fees from the franchisees of these properties). There can be
no assurances the hotels under development or for which applications have
been accepted will result in open hotels. (As a result of the Hawthorn
acquisition, the Company will receive the royalties from these hotels
commencing on March 12, 1998. See "Item 1. Business - Recent Developments
- Hawthorn Acquisition)
** The Hawthorn Suites brand was not franchised by the Company until March
27, 1996.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HAWTHORN SUITES ANALYSIS OF ADR, OCCUPANCY AND REVPAR*
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND 1996
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1996
------------------------------------ --------------------------------
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE REVENUE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE REVENUE
NUMBER OCCUPANCY DAILY PER NUMBER OCCUPANCY DAILY PER
OF --------- RATE AVAILABLE OF --------- RATE AVAILABLE
ROOMS ---- ROOM ROOMS ---- ROOM
----- ---- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
South East(1)................ 178 71.4% $92.85 $66.34 178 76.0% $92.88 $70.58
North Central(2)............. 118 80.7% $85.17 $68.69 118 81.2% $82.32 $66.85
South Central(3)............. 111 76.6% $75.84 $58.08 111 75.6% $75.47 $57.05
North East(4)................ 151 68.0% $75.69 $51.44 151 76.1% $72.63 $55.25
West(5)...................... 113 78.6% $93.66 $73.66 113 70.9% $81.98 $58.16
Total........................ 129 75.3% $83.64 $63.02 129 76.3% $81.40 $62.11
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
* Data presented is for nineteen properties open more than one year.
(1) Consists of a total of four properties located in Florida, Georgia, North
Carolina and South Carolina.
(2) Consists of a total of three properties located in Illinois, Minnesota and
Nebraska.
(3) Consists of a total of nine properties located in Oklahoma and Texas.
(4) Consists of a total of one property located in Pennsylvania.
(5) Consists of a total of two properties in Washington.
OPERATIONS
The following departments of the Company are responsible for identifying
potential franchisees and locations, obtaining franchise applications,
executing franchise agreements, assisting franchisees in building and opening
properties and providing ongoing support, training and services:
Franchise Sales. The Company employs a national franchise sales force
consisting of thirty-nine people. The primary objectives of the Company's
franchise sales strategy are to identify potential franchisees and possible
locations for each of the Company's brands and to create an awareness and
general acceptance of its products with numerous participants in the
hospitality industry, including hotel owners, lodging consultants, vendors,
operators, and educational institutions. The sales force seeks to achieve these
objectives through the implementation of a multi-faceted sales strategy, which
includes cold calling, telemarketing, direct mail, trade advertising and public
relations. The compensation program is structured so that each franchise
salesperson is expected to earn at least 50% of his or her annual income in
sales commissions.
Design and Construction. The Company's design and construction department
provides development expertise in the disciplines associated with new
construction and renovation, with emphasis on low development costs, low
maintenance expense, quality construction and profit maximization for its
franchisees. The Company provides detailed architectural plans, CAD-CAM
computer files, specifications, system standards and manuals, and makes the
services of the department available to franchisees at various stages of the
development process. In addition, in order to maintain consistent product
quality and brand identity, the design and construction department reviews,
among other things, the architectural plans of Microtel and Hawthorn Suites
franchisees.
Quality Assurance. Franchise quality control is accomplished through
inspections prior to a franchisee's entry into the system and on an ongoing
basis. Quality assurance programs promote uniform standards throughout each of
the Company's franchise systems. The Company inspects each property two times
per
10
<PAGE> 11
year. Hotels that fail to meet certain franchise standards are notified and
are generally given 30 days to either correct the conditions that led to the
failure or to implement a plan to correct the failure. If they do not correct
the deficiencies, the Company can terminate the license. Since the Company
acquired the Microtel brand, two properties have been terminated from the
Microtel system due to quality deficiencies.
Marketing. Among the franchise community, the focus of the Company's
marketing and advertising support is on publications that target the
hospitality industry, direct mail and attendance at industry shows. To reach
consumers, franchisees are supplied with a detailed marketing guide, print
advertising, local radio spots, outdoor billboard designs and rack cards. In
addition, in the case of Hawthorn Suites, direct sales plays a significant
role, with advertising and marketing materials targeted to travel agents,
planners and buyers of extended-stay accommodations, print advertising runs in
Business Travel News, and targeted human resources, training and relocation
publications. Separate Microtel and Hawthorn directories are published twice
annually and distributed via direct mail and to existing properties.
In addition, Microtel's media plan is designed to reach the maximum number
of travelers, garner the most impressions and give the brand a local, regional
and national presence. 1997 highlights include:
- USA Today -- 110 insertions appeared throughout 1997
to reinforce the message, "There's Room for
Everyone."
- The "Microtel Get To Know US Tour" was introduced
as, the Company believes, the hospitality industry's
first replica on wheels to include full-size models
of the chain's single, double and suite
accommodations. The sixty-foot trailer on wheels
covers the U.S. to give franchisees' local customer
base a look inside a Microtel before it is actually
built.
- Truckside Advertising -- Microtel uses this
innovative moving billboard concept on sixteen
trucks traveling thirty-four interstate highways
through twenty-four states, to reach travelers every
month.
- AAA Tour Books -- an official appointment ran for
every open Microtel in these trade books. In 1998,
Microtel expects to advertise on the prominent
inside front cover of the AAA Triple-A Road Atlas.
- The Internet -- Microtel's web site at
www.microtelinn.com includes its "Travelers
Disability Survey" plus the "Micro PI Game." In
addition, consumers and other travel decision-makers
can now make reservations for Hawthorn Suites at
www.hawthorn.com. Both sites offer visitors a full
directory of property listings with information and
maps for every location.
Public Relations. A targeted public relations program supports marketing
and franchise sales efforts by promoting awareness of the Company as the
Company becomes a more significant participant in the lodging industry. The
public relations department works with all facets of the corporate
organization, from sales and franchise services to design and construction to
the franchisees themselves to establish the Company in the industry and in the
minds of consumers.
The Company's public relations efforts focus on the lodging industry trade
publications. The Company works closely with such publications as Hotel
Business, Hotel & Motel Management, Lodging, Lodging Hospitality, Business
Travel News, The Cornell Quarterly, AAHOA (the magazine dedicated to Asian
11
<PAGE> 12
American hoteliers) and Franchise Times. Such outlets communicate the Company's
news to the lodging community and to the many top name travel writers and
newspaper journalists who read the trades regularly as well. In 1997, trade
publications have covered many facets of the Company's rapid growth, including
the opening of its 50th hotel, the debut of the brand extension, Hawthorn
Suites LTD., "FIRST" (the Company's new central reservations system, initially
intended to support the Microtel brand and any other brands of the Company not
supported by Spirit), the expansion of its sales staff, its international
expansion, its presence at airports around the country, and the Company's
second anniversary celebration. The Company has reached traveling consumers via
advertisements or news stories in The Wall Street Journal, and USA Today's
"Business Travel Today" column. No less important have been the Company's
placements at the local level, where daily and business publications report on
individual property ground breaks and grand openings.
Training. The Company maintains mandatory training programs for its
franchisees that are designed to teach franchisees how to best utilize the
Company's reservations system and marketing programs, as well as the
fundamentals of hotel operations, such as recruiting, housekeeping, repairs and
maintenance and personnel policies. The Company also provides special on-site
training upon request. The Company has developed and maintains a library of
training videos, cassettes and tapes, as well as printed training material,
which are available to franchisees. In addition, each franchise sales person
must complete a structured initial training program and regular retraining.
Franchise Services. The franchise services department functions as a
single point of contact for all franchisees to call for support on all issues
prior to, during, and after construction. Franchise services acts as a liaison
between the franchisee and all departments of the Company. The Company
recognizes the personal service aspect of the franchising business and intends
to assign a designated member of the franchise service department to each
franchisee.
Purchasing. The Company provides its franchisees with volume purchasing
discounts for certain products, services, furnishings, and equipment used in
construction and ongoing operations. The Company has established relationships
with vendors to the lodging industry and negotiates discounts for purchases by
its customers. In certain cases, the Company receives payments from the vendors
as well. Currently, the Company does not maintain inventory, directly supply
any of the products, or extend credit to franchisees for such purchases.
FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS
The Company's franchise agreements grant hotel owners the right to utilize
one of the brand names associated with the Microtel or Hawthorn Suites hotel
systems under long-term franchise agreements. In order to qualify for a
franchise from the Company, a candidate must undergo a screening process, which
typically includes a review of the potential franchisee's operational ability
and financial condition and the proposed lodging location. A representative of
the Company conducts a site inspection to determine whether the location meets
standards and whether the brand name selected is appropriate at that location.
The Company considers such factors as accessibility, visibility, location,
economics, demographics, the extent of commercial development and, in the case
of Hawthorn Suites conversions, facility condition. When executed, both
Microtel and Hawthorn Suites franchise agreements offer an area of exclusivity
to each location, the degree of which is negotiated individually with each
franchisee.
The Company's current standard agreements are for twenty-year terms for
new construction properties and ten-year terms for conversion properties (in
the case of Hawthorn Suites only). The standard franchise agreements generally
require franchisees to satisfy certain development milestones, including a
requirement that construction begin within six to nine months of execution of
the franchise agreement, although generally
12
<PAGE> 13
there exists a thirty-day cure period. Franchisees are required to pay royalty
fees to the Company based upon the gross room revenues of the franchised hotel
during the term of the agreement and an application fee. Franchise application
fees are non-refundable and are generally collected from potential franchisees
upon submission of their application.
Franchise fees are comprised of two components: a royalty portion and a
reservation and marketing portion, both of which are based upon a percentage of
the franchisee's gross room revenues. The royalty portion of the franchise fee
is intended to cover the operating expenses of the franchisor, such as costs
incurred in providing quality assurance, administrative support and other
franchise services, and to provide the Company with operating profits. The
reservation and marketing portion of the franchise fee is intended to reimburse
the Company for the expenses associated with providing such franchise services
as a reservation system, national advertising and certain promotional programs.
Marketing and reservation fees do not produce any profit (and could result in a
loss) for the Company, but mitigate a significant cost of business for
franchisees and are an important consideration for potential franchisees when
evaluating competing brands. The Company does not currently receive royalty fees
from those Microtel hotels that were open or under development at the time the
Company acquired the right to franchise the brand. The Company does, however,
receive reservation and marketing fees from the franchisees of these properties.
The terms of the Company's current standard forms of franchise agreements
state that, by year of operation, franchisees are required to pay the following
ongoing royalty fees and reservation and marketing fees (each, as a percentage
of gross room revenues), although the actual fees may vary:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MICROTEL HAWTHORN
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
SUITES
- ------
FRANCHISE ROYALTY FEES
- ----------------------
Year 1................................................................. 4.0% 5.0%
Year 2................................................................. 5.0% 5.0%
Year 3 and thereafter.................................................. 6.0% 5.0%
RESERVATION AND MARKETING FEES
- ------------------------------
Year 1................................................................. 3.0% 2.5%
Year 2................................................................. 2.5% 2.5%
Year 3 and thereafter.................................................. 2.0% 2.5%
TOTAL FRANCHISE FEES
- --------------------
Year 1................................................................. 7.0% 7.5%
Year 2................................................................. 7.5% 7.5%
Year 3 and thereafter.................................................. 8.0% 7.5%
</TABLE>
During the first quarter of 1996, when the Company began its full-time
franchise sales efforts, prospective Microtel franchisees were offered a three
month royalty-free period during year one as an inducement to join the
Company's franchise system. The Company is no longer offering this discount and
currently has no intention to do so in the future. With respect to Hawthorn
Suites, a wide range of incentives have been offered to various franchisees,
although no assurances can be given that such incentives will be offered in the
future. With respect to both Microtel and Hawthorn Suites, the Company also has
agreed in certain situations to dedicate a portion of a particular franchisee's
marketing fees to local (as opposed to national) promotion of the applicable
brand.
The Company believes that it has a franchisee-friendly franchise
agreement, making the Company's franchises more attractive to potential
franchisees without sacrificing the protection typically afforded to
13
<PAGE> 14
franchisors under franchise agreements. The Company's standard form of
franchise agreement is terminable by the Company if the franchisee fails to
maintain certain quality standards or to pay royalties, reservation and
marketing fees or other charges. In the event of termination, the Company is
generally entitled to liquidated damages.
ACQUISITION OF THE MICROTEL AND HAWTHORN SUITES SYSTEMS
Microtel Acquisition. On September 7, 1995, the Company entered into the
Microtel Acquisition Agreement with Hudson, a public company then called
Microtel Franchise and Development Corporation, to acquire the exclusive
worldwide franchising rights and operating assets of the Microtel hotel system
(the "Microtel Acquisition"). The purchase price for these franchise rights and
operating assets was $3,037,000, of which the Company paid $1,600,000 at the
closing on October 5, 1995 and agreed to pay a total of $1,437,000 plus
interest at 10% over the following three years (for a total payment of
approximately $1,700,000). In addition, royalties are payable to Hudson, as
described below, for the right to all trade names, trademarks, service marks
and other intellectual property used in connection with the Microtel business,
including the Microtel name (the "Proprietary Marks").
The operating assets of the Microtel system acquired from Hudson included
(i) all prototype architectural plans and designs used in connection with the
Microtel business and (ii) the Microtel reservation referral system,
directories, manuals and marketing materials.
Pursuant to the Microtel Acquisition, the Company also acquired Hudson's
rights under then existing Microtel franchising agreements relating to the
twenty-seven Microtels open or under development at the time of the
acquisition. Although the Company acquired the existing franchises from Hudson
and is obligated to fulfill all the obligations of the franchisor thereunder,
Hudson retained the right to receive all franchise royalties and franchise
renewal fees payable by the existing franchisees under such agreements. The
Microtel Acquisition Agreement does, however, permit the Company to retain any
reservation and marketing fees (which do not result in any profit, and could
result in a loss, to the Company) and any other one-time or non-recurring fees
or charges payable to the franchisor under the applicable franchise agreement
such as those relating to the initial placement, substitution, amendment,
organization, termination or transfer of the franchise.
The Microtel Acquisition Agreement also grants Hudson the right to retain
franchise fees and royalty payments from a total of fifty Microtels and an
additional ten Microtel all-suites hotels provided Hudson, its affiliates or
such other persons own and operate the hotels covered by such franchises. In
addition to the twenty-seven existing hotels either open or under construction
as of October 5, 1995, Hudson, its affiliates and certain other persons had the
right to acquire from the Company up to an additional twenty-three Microtel
hotel franchises and up to an additional ten Microtel all-suites hotels. As of
December 31, 1997, two of the original twenty-seven agreements had been
terminated and three additional agreements had been executed and opened. Thus,
the Company will not receive royalties from twenty-eight open hotels and Hudson
currently retains the right to acquire an additional twenty-two Microtel
franchises and ten additional Microtel all-suite hotels. As of December 31,
1997, five of these additional twenty-two Microtel franchise agreements have
been executed, but none of the properties subject thereto are currently under
construction.
In consideration for the transfer of the Proprietary Marks, the Microtel
Acquisition Agreement provides that, for each new Microtel or Microtel
all-suites hotel (collectively, the "Microtel Properties") opened after the
closing of the Microtel Acquisition, other than the additional franchises
referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Company is required to pay monthly
royalties in cash to Hudson as follows: 1.0% of the "revenues subject to
royalties" on the first 100 Microtels Properties opened after the closing,
0.75% of such
14
<PAGE> 15
revenues for the next 150 Microtels Properties opened, and 0.50%
of such revenues for each Microtel Property opened after the first 250 have
opened. "Revenues subject to royalties" generally are those payable by the
franchisees to the Company based on gross room revenues, as well as other
royalty payments payable by such franchisees under the applicable franchise
agreement. The Company is entitled to all other fees (other than termination
fees, which must be shared with Hudson) payable by the Microtel franchisees,
including the franchise application fees, all of the remaining royalties,
reservation and marketing fees and fees applicable to any financing arranged
through the Company.
The Microtel Acquisition Agreement requires the Company to satisfy a
development schedule, which requires that new Microtel Properties be opened or
under construction in the following numbers, on a cumulative basis, by December
of each of the following years:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
YEAR MICROTEL PROPERTIES(*)
---- ----------------------
<S> <C>
1997................................................................... 50
1998................................................................... 100
1999................................................................... 175
2000................................................................... 250
</TABLE>
* Excludes the twenty-eight open Microtel Properties not currently paying
royalties to the Company and the additional twenty-two Microtel Properties
and ten Microtel all-suite hotels that are currently entitled to be
franchised without the payment of royalties to the Company pursuant to the
Microtel Acquisition Agreement. As of December 31, 1997, five franchise
agreements with respect to these additional properties had been executed.
Under the Microtel Acquisition Agreement, the development schedule is
deemed to have been complied with unless such schedule has not been met for two
consecutive years (including 1996, where applicable). That is, the Company will
not violate its development obligations under the Microtel Acquisition
Agreement unless it has failed to meet the targets for two consecutive years.
If, however, at the end of any two year period, at least 75% (but less than
100%) of the number of Microtel Properties scheduled to have been opened by
such date have been opened, the Microtel Acquisition Agreement permits the
Company to cure the default by paying a fee of $1 million. Upon such payment,
the Company will be deemed to have fully complied with the development schedule
for such two year period (including determination of whether it complied with
such schedule in future periods).
The Microtel Acquisition Agreement further provides that, in the event the
Company fails to satisfy the development schedule, fails to pay any monies due
to Hudson or otherwise fails to fulfill its material obligations under the
Microtel Acquisition Agreement, in each case subject to the Company's right to
cure such breach within the applicable notice and cure periods, all of the
rights to the Microtel system and all operating assets associated therewith
will revert to Hudson. In such instance, the Company will, however, retain the
rights to any franchise royalty payments due to it under franchise agreements
entered into by the Company after the closing of the Microtel Acquisition, less
a servicing fee payable to Hudson in an amount equal to 0.75% of all revenues
subject to royalties under such agreements.
Also, in connection with the Microtel Acquisition, Hudson agreed to
provide consulting services to the Company over the three-year period beginning
October 5, 1995, for which the Company agreed to pay Hudson a total of $700,000
($400,000 of which was paid at the closing of the Microtel Acquisition). The
Company also received warrants to purchase 100,000 common shares of Hudson at
an exercise price of $8.375 per share, none of which have been exercised. The
warrants expire on September 1, 2000.
15
<PAGE> 16
Hawthorn Acquisition. On March 27, 1996, the Company entered into the
Hawthorn Acquisition Agreement with HSA LLC, an entity indirectly controlled by
trustees of trusts for the benefit of members of the Pritzker family, pursuant
to which the Company acquired the exclusive rights to franchise and to control
the development and operation of the Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels. At such
time, all of the intellectual property related to the Hawthorn Suites brand was
transferred to HSA LLC, a newly-formed Delaware limited liability company, and
the Company was issued a 1% membership interest in HSA LLC to permit it to vote
on certain matters related to the operation of HSA LLC. As a result of the
transactions described under "-Recent Developments - Hawthorn Acquisition", HSA
LLC became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the Hawthorn
Acquisition Agreement was terminated. As a result, the Company now has the
exclusive right to franchise the Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels and to retain
100% of the royalties derived therefrom without the restrictions contained in
the Hawthorn Acquisition Agreement.
COMPETITION
Competition among national brand franchisors and smaller chains in the
lodging industry to expand their franchise systems is intense. The Company
believes that competition for the sale of lodging franchises is based
principally upon (i) the perceived value and quality of the brand, (ii) the
nature and quality of services provided to franchisees, (iii) the franchisee's
view of the relationship of building or conversion costs and operating expenses
to the potential for revenue and profitability during operation and upon sale,
and (iv) the franchisee's ability to finance and buy or sell the property. The
Company's franchisees compete for guests with franchisees of, and properties
owned or operated by, other hotel chains, independent properties and
owner-operated chains. The success of the Company's franchisees affects the
profitability of the Company, as the Company's receipt of royalty fees under
its franchise agreements is tied directly to the gross room revenues earned by
its franchisees.
In choosing a particular hotel, consumers consider differences in room
rates, quality and condition of accommodations, name recognition, availability
of alternative lodging (including short-term lease apartments), service levels,
reputation, safety, reservation systems and location.
Both among consumers and potential franchisees, Microtel competes with
budget and economy hotels such as Comfort Inn(R), Days Inn(R), Econo Lodge(R),
Fairfield Inn(R), Sleep Inn(R), Red Roof Inn(R), Budgetel Inn(R), Super 8(R),
Ramada Limited(R), Motel 6(R), Jameson Inns(R), Travelodge(R), Thriftlodge(R),
Knights Inn(R), Red Carpet Inn(R) and Scottish Inns(R).
Hawthorn Suites hotels compete for consumers and/or potential franchisees
with Residence Inn(R), Homewood Suites(R), Summerfield Suites(R) and Woodfin
Suites(R). In the transient suites sector of the lodging industry, where the
Company will be competing through its Hawthorn Suites LTD brand, the Company's
principal competitors include AmeriSuites(R), Hampton Inn and Suites(R),
Fairfield Suites, MainStay, Candlewood, Wingate Inn, Towne Place and Courtyard
by Marriott(R), among others. Many of the Company's competitors are affiliated
with larger chains with substantially more properties, greater marketing
budgets and greater brand identity than the Company.
REGULATION
The sale of franchises is regulated by various state laws, as well as by
the FTC. The FTC requires that franchisors make extensive disclosure to
prospective franchisees, although it does not require registration of offers to
prospective franchisees. The required disclosure is made through a Uniform
Franchise Offering Circular ("UFOC"), which must be provided to potential
franchisees at least 10 days prior to execution of a franchise agreement. A
number of states require registration and disclosure in connection with
franchise
16
<PAGE> 17
offers and sales. In addition, several states have "franchise relationship
laws" that limit the ability of franchisors to terminate franchise agreements
or to withhold consent to the renewal or transfer of these agreements. While
the Company's franchising operations have not been materially adversely
affected by such existing regulations, the Company cannot predict the effect of
any future legislation or regulation.
Additionally, various federal, state, and local laws and regulations may
affect activities undertaken by the Company in connection with the financing of
franchisees that the Company may undertake. In particular, the Company may be
required to obtain a license or to register in certain states in order to
underwrite or promote loans to be made by third party lenders or in the event
the Company determines to make loans itself to franchisees.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1997 the Company employed approximately eighty-seven
full time and three part time persons. None of the Company's employees are
represented by unions. Management considers its employee relations to be
satisfactory.
TRADEMARKS AND LICENSES
The Company owns and uses certain trademarks and service marks, including,
among others, US FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc., US FUNDING
CORP., MICROTEL, MICROTEL with design, MICROTEL INN, MICROTEL SUITES, MICROTEL
INN & SUITES, AMERICAN DREAM, AMERICAN DREAM with design, MICROTEL INN with
design, MICROINN, MICROTEL INN & SUITES with design, MICROTEL SUITES with
design, MICROSUITES, US TRAINING INSTITUTE with design, "FIRST THE HOTEL, THEN
THE MOTEL, NOW MICROTEL" and "SAVINGS YOU CAN SLEEP ON". The Company, through
its ownership of HSA LLC, also owns the marks and other intellectual property
used in the Hawthorn Suites brand, including, among others, the trademarks
HAWTHORN SUITES, the tree logo, HAWTHORN SUITES with the tree logo and HAWTHORN
SUITES LTD. with design. The Company's rights to such trademarks and service
marks will last indefinitely so long as the Company continues to use and police
the marks and, with respect to registered marks, to renew filings with the
applicable government agencies.
The Company considers the foregoing marks to be material to its business
and certain of such marks are registered with or applications for registration
are pending in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Certain of the
marks are also registered with or applications for registration are pending
with various state and foreign government agencies. The Company is not aware of
any adverse claim concerning its owned or licensed marks.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.
The principal executive and administrative offices of the Company are
located at 13 Corporate Square, Suite 250, Atlanta, Georgia 30329. The Company
currently leases a total of 12,667 square feet of office space at the foregoing
address, pursuant to a lease and a sublease that expire September 30, 2000 and
June 30, 1999, respectively.
17
<PAGE> 18
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
The Company is and may become party to claims and litigations that arise
in the Company's normal course of business. It is the opinion of management
that the outcome of any currently pending matters will not have a material
adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.
No matter was submitted during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 1997
to a vote of security holders of the Company.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
The Company's Class A Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market
under the symbol USFS. As of March 19, 1998, there were 86 holders of record of
the Company's Class A Common Stock and 3 holders of record of the Company's
Class B Common Stock. The following table shows the range of reported high and
low closing prices per share of Class A Common Stock.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL 1996 HIGH LOW
----------- ---- ---
<S> <C> <C>
First quarter..................... N/A N/A
Second quarter.................... N/A N/A
Third quarter..................... N/A N/A
Fourth quarter.................... $16.00 $8.625
FISCAL 1997 HIGH LOW
----------- ---- ---
First quarter..................... $10.50 $7.625
Second quarter.................... 10.25 5.00
Third quarter..................... 10.125 7.00
Fourth quarter.................... 10.00 7.125
</TABLE>
Dividend Policy. The Company has not declared or paid any cash dividends
on its Class A Common Stock or its Class B Common Stock. The Company currently
intends to retain any earnings for use in its business and therefore does not
anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future
determination to pay cash dividends will be made by the Board of Directors in
light of the Company's earnings, financial position, capital requirements and
such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. On October 3, 1997, the Company
issued 30,303 shares of Class A Common Stock to Global Resources, Inc. ("GRI")
in consideration for $250,000 of the license fee payable by the Company to GRI
for the licensing of certain hotel reservation software.
The issuance of securities described above was made in reliance on the
exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of
1933 as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. The
securities were acquired by the recipient thereof for investment and with no
view toward the resale or distribution thereof. The offer and sale was made
without any public solicitation, the certificate bears a restrictive legend and
appropriate stop transfer instructions have been or will be given to the
transfer agent. No underwriter was involved in the transaction and no
commissions were paid.
18
<PAGE> 19
Use of Proceeds. On October 30, 1996, the Company completed an initial
public offering of its Class A Common Stock, with par value $0.01 (the
"Offering"). The managing underwriters in the Offering were Schroder Wertheim &
Co. and Montgomery Securities (the "Underwriters"). The shares of Class A
Common Stock sold in the Offering were registered under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, on a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the "Registration
Statement", registration number 333-11427). The Registration Statement was
declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 24,
1996.
The Offering terminated on October 30, 1996 after all 2,325,000 shares of
Class A Common Stock registered under the Registration Statement were sold. Of
the amount registered, 1,825,000 shares were sold by the Company (the "Company
Shares") and 500,000 shares were sold by the original shareholders (the
"Secondary Shares"). With respect to the Company Shares, the shares were sold
at a price to the public of $13.50 per share for an aggregate offering price of
$24,637,500. With respect to the Secondary Shares, the shares were sold at a
price to the public of $13.50 per share for the aggregate offering price of
$6,750,000.
From the effective date of the Registration Statement to October 30, 1996,
the Company incurred estimated expenses of $3,245,816 in connection with the
Offering. The following table provides a further breakdown of these expenses.
All of the amounts shown are estimated except the underwriting discounts and
commissions. None of the amounts shown were paid directly or indirectly to any
director, officer, general partner of the Company or their associates, persons
owning ten percent or more of any class of equity securities of the Company, or
an affiliate of the Company.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Underwriting discounts and commissions $ 1,715,500
Expenses paid to or for underwriters 38,844
Other expenses 1,491,472
-----------
Total Offering Expenses $ 3,245,816
===========
</TABLE>
After deducting the Offering expenses described above, net proceeds to the
Company from the Offering were approximately $21,391,684. As of December 31,
1997, all of the proceeds have been invested as follows (amounts are
estimated):
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Temporary investments:
Auction Market Preferred Investments $ 1,000,000
Commercial Paper 9,900,000
Preferred Money Market account 100,000
Funding obligation under the Microtel acquisition agreement 500,000
Acquisition of franchise rights 200,000
Participation in US Funding loans 400,000
Service interest on Subordinated Debentures 900,000
Investment in entities that make equity investments in hotels 1,700,000
Acquisition of property and equipment 5,200,000
General working capital 1,400,000
------------
Total proceeds used $ 21,400,000
============
</TABLE>
None of the net proceeds of the Offering were paid directly or indirectly
to any director, officer, general partner of the Company or their associates,
persons owning ten percent or more of any class of equity securities of the
Company, or an affiliate of the Company.
19
<PAGE> 20
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.
Presented below is selected consolidated historical financial information
of the Company and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 1997 and
1996 and the period from August 28, 1995 (inception) to December 31, 1995,
respectively. The selected financial data has been derived from the
consolidated financial statements which were audited by the Company's
independent public accountants and should be read in conjunction with the
Company's Consolidated Financial Statements (and the related notes and
schedules thereto) included under "Item 8. Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data" of this Report and "Item 7. Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of this Report.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
PERIOD FROM
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, AUG 28, 1995
(in thousands, except share ------------------------------------------- (INCEPTION) TO
and per share data) 1997 1996 DEC 31, 1995
---- ---- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Revenues $ 3,948 $ 1,292 $ -
Operating expenses 12,376 8,628 1,327
Operating loss 8,428 7,336 1,327
Interest income 1,386 871 195
Interest expense 1,905 126 36
Net loss 8,947 6,591 1,168
Loss applicable to common
stockholders 8,947 8,309 1,577
Net loss applicable to common
stockholders per share 0.71 0.75 0.15
Weighted avg. number of common
shares outstanding (1) 12,563,772 11,059,576 10,755,409
BALANCE SHEET DATA (at period end):
Working capital $ 12,144 $ 28,115 $ 13,265
Total assets 36,351 40,105 18,072
Total liabilities 32,153 9,022 1,845
Redeemable Preferred Stock (2) - 18,477 16,759
Redeemable Common Stock 324 330 330
Stockholders' equity (deficit) 3,874 12,276 (862)
</TABLE>
---------------------------------
(1) Includes 3,128,473 shares for the period ended December 31, 1997 and
3,186,280 shares for the periods ended December 31, 1996 and 1995, of
Class A Common Stock that are redeemable under certain circumstances by
the Company for reasons not under the Company's control.
(2) On January 1, 1997, all the outstanding shares of Redeemable Preferred
Stock were converted into $18,477,000 aggregate principal amount of 10%
Subordinated Debentures due September 29, 2007 (the "Subordinated
Debentures").
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
GENERAL
This "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations" should be read in conjunction with the consolidated
financial statements included herein of the Company and its subsidiaries.
Certain statements under this caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial
20
<PAGE> 21
Condition and Results of Operations" constitute "forward-looking statements"
under the Reform Act. See "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
The Company expects that its future revenues will consist primarily of (i)
franchise royalty fees, (ii) franchise application fees, (iii) reservation and
marketing fees, (iv) management fees, (v) various fees and other revenues from
third-party financing arranged by the Company for its franchisees and (vi)
payments made by vendors who supply the Company's franchisees with various
products and services. The Company also receives cash from its franchisees in
the form of application fees, which are recognized as revenue only upon the
opening of the underlying hotels.
Comparisons have been made between the years ended December 31, 1997 and
1996 and for the period from August 28, 1995 (inception) to December 31, 1995
for the purposes of the following discussion:
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FRANCHISE SALES GROWTH - Since acquiring the Microtel brand in October 1995 and
establishing its sales force by January 1996, the Company has realized
franchise sales growth as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MICROTEL FRANCHISE DATA AS OF DEC 31, AS OF DEC 31, AS OF DEC 31,
(inception to date) 1997 1996 1995
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Properties open (1) 64 28 23
Executed agreements & under construction(2) 52 25 4
Executed franchise agreements but not under construction(3) 253 168 3
Accepted applications (4) 77 82 12
--- --- ---
Total under development and accepted applications (5) 382 275 19
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPEN PLUS UNDER DEVELOPMENT PLUS ACCEPTED APPLICATIONS 446 303 42
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(1) The Company does not receive royalties from twenty-eight, twenty-seven,
and twenty-three hotels open as of December 31, 1997, 1996 and 1995,
respectively.
(2) The Company will not receive royalties from two and four of the hotels
under construction as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
(3) The Company will not receive royalties from five and two and of the
executed franchise agreements as of December 31, 1997 and 1996
respectively.
(4) The Company will not receive royalties from six and two of the franchise
applications accepted as of December 31, 1996 and 1995, respectively.
(5) There can be no assurance that properties under development or for which
applications have been accepted will result in open hotels.
Since acquiring the exclusive right to franchise the Hawthorn Suites brand
in March 1996 and establishing its sales force by July 1996, the Company has
realized franchise sales growth as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HAWTHORN SUITES FRANCHISE DATA AS OF DEC 31, AS OF DEC 31,
(inception to date) 1997 1996
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Properties open (1) 26 19
Executed agreements & under construction(2) 14 2
Executed franchise agreements but not under construction(3) 54 17
Accepted applications (4) 17 14
--- --
Total under development and accepted applications (5) 85 33
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPEN PLUS UNDER DEVELOPMENT PLUS ACCEPTED APPLICATIONS 111 52
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
(1) The Company did not receive royalties from nineteen and eighteen hotels
open as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. (As a result of
the Hawthorn acquisition, the Company will receive the royalties from
these hotels commencing on March 12, 1998. See "Item 1. Business -
Recent Developments - Hawthorn Acquisition")
21
<PAGE> 22
(2) The Company will receive royalties from all of the hotels under
construction as of December 31, 1997 and 1996.
(3) The Company will receive royalties from all executed franchise agreements
as of December 31, 1997 and 1996.
(4) The Company will receive royalties from all of the franchise applications
accepted as of December 31, 1997 and 1996.
(5) There can be no assurance that properties under development or for which
applications have been accepted will result in open hotels.
The Company received franchise application fees of $6,250,000, $5,339,000
and $120,000 for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period
ended December 31, 1995, respectively, for Microtel and Hawthorn agreements.
The average franchise application fee was $23,000, $26,000 and $30,000 for the
years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period ended December 31,
1995, respectively. Such fees are recognized as revenue when the underlying
hotel opens.
REVENUE - The Company has derived revenues from the following sources:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED PERIOD ENDED
DEC 31, 1997 DEC 31, 1996 DEC 31, 1995
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Franchise application and royalty fees $ 1,610,000 $ 20,000 $ 0
Other fees 417,000 75,000 0
Marketing and reservation fees 1,921,000 1,197,000 0
--------------------------------------------
TOTAL $ 3,948,000 $ 1,292,000 $ 0
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
YEAR ENDED 1997 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1996
Franchise application and royalty fees (the "Fees") increased $1,590,000
for the year ended December 31, 1997. Fees for the year ended December 31, 1997
represent application fees from forty of the forty-four hotels opened during
1997, and royalties received from thirty-five of the ninety hotels which were
open as of December 31, 1997. The Fees for the year ended December 31, 1996
represent the Fees earned for one hotel which opened during the third quarter
of 1996. The Fees for a hotel which opened in the fourth quarter of 1996 were
waived.
Other fee income increased $342,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997.
The main components of other fees for the year ended December 31, 1997 were (i)
the management fee received from Equity Partners, L.P., (ii) commissions earned
from the National Accounts program, and (iii) various fees received through the
US Funding program. The fees received through the National Accounts program is
a function of the number of hotels open or under construction. The two main
components of other fees for the year ended December 31, 1996 were the
management fee received from Equity Partners, L.P. and commissions earned from
the National Accounts program.
Marketing and reservation fees increased $724,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997 because additional properties were added to the system during
1997. The Company began collecting marketing and reservation fees from existing
Microtel and Hawthorn Suites franchisees in February and April 1996,
respectively. While the Company recognizes marketing and reservations fees as
revenue, such fees are intended to reimburse the Company for the expenses
associated with providing support services to its franchisees and do not
generate profit for the Company. As additional properties join the system, the
marketing and reservation fees received will increase and there will be a
corresponding increase in marketing and reservations expenses.
22
<PAGE> 23
YEAR ENDED 1996 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1995
Fees represent the fees earned for one hotel which opened during the third
quarter of 1996. The Fees for a hotel which opened in the fourth quarter of
1996 were waived.
The two main components of other fees for the year ended December 31, 1996
were the management fee received from Equity Partners, L.P. and commissions
earned from the National Accounts program.
The Company began collecting marketing and reservation fees from existing
Microtel and Hawthorn Suites franchisees in February and April 1996,
respectively. While the Company recognizes marketing and reservations fees as
revenue, such fees are intended to reimburse the Company for the expenses
associated with providing support services to its franchisees and do not
generate a profit for the Company.
EXPENSES - The Company's expenses were as summarized below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED PERIOD ENDED
DEC 31, 1997 DEC 31, 1996 DEC 31, 1995
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Marketing and reservations $ 2,058,000 $ 1,597,000 $ 13,000
Royalties paid to third parties 158,000 1,000 -
Franchise sales commissions 641,000 29,000 -
Other franchise sales and advertising 3,461,000 2,714,000 550,000
Other general and administrative 5,487,000 3,750,000 638,000
Depreciation and amortization 571,000 537,000 126,000
-------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL $ 12,376,000 $ 8,628,000 $ 1,327,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
YEAR ENDED 1997 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1996
Marketing and reservation expenses increased $461,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997 primarily because the exclusive right to franchise the
Hawthorn Suites brand was not acquired until March 27, 1996. Therefore, there
were no marketing and reservation expenses for first quarter of 1996. In
addition, there were more properties open in 1997 causing an incremental rise
in reservation costs and allowing for more funds to be expended in marketing
the Hawthorn and Microtel brands.
Royalties paid to third parties increased $157,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997 because the number of Microtel and Hawthorn Suites properties
opened by the Company increased during 1997. In 1996 and 1997, the Company was
required to pay a percentage of the royalties collected to Hudson for each new
Microtel property and to HSA, LLC for each new Hawthorn property when
franchisees commenced making royalty payments to the Company.
Franchise sales commissions increased $612,000 for the year ended December
31, 1997 because commissions were expensed for forty-one of the forty-four
hotels which opened during 1997. The commission expense for the year ended
December 31, 1996 is due to the opening of one hotel and the execution of an
international master franchise agreement.
Other franchise sales and advertising expenses, which are costs related to
the Company's franchise sales effort, increased $747,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997 primarily because: (i) larger Microtel and Hawthorn sales
forces were in place resulting in additional salary and benefit expenses as
well as other sales related costs such as travel, entertainment, office
supplies and telephone) (an increase of approximately $694,000 for the year
ended December 31, 1997, (ii) the Company's first annual franchisee conference
was held in 1997 (an increase of approximately $99,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997), and (iii) a program was initiated in 1997 in which a
replica of a Microtel room, constructed such that it can be transported across
the country, was present when certain hotels went under construction (expenses
include
23
<PAGE> 24
lease payments for the truck, driving and driver expenses) (an increase
of approximately $161,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997). The increase
in these expenses was partially offset by: (i) fewer potential franchisees were
brought to the corporate offices for education and tours of the products (a
decrease of approximately $61,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997), (ii)
reduced advertising and promotions expenses (a decrease of approximately
$74,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997), and (iii) an increase in
executed license agreements resulted in an increase in the deferral of related
salesmen expenses (a decrease of approximately $67,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997). A specific amount per executed license agreement for
salesmen's expenses, such as travel, entertainment and general office supplies,
is deferred until the associated hotel opens.
General and administrative expenses increased $1,737,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997 primarily due to: (i) additional salaries, wages and benefits
for personnel hired to handle the increased servicing requirements of
additional executed franchise agreements and newly introduced programs (an
increase of approximately $934,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997), (ii)
expenses related to the Company's Stock Option plans which were adopted in
October 1996 (an increase of approximately $294,000 for the year ended December
31, 1997), (iii) general office and travel expenses for the additional staff in
place during 1997 (an increase of approximately $280,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997), (iv) legal and professional expenses related to the
Company's having become a publicly traded company in October 1996 (an increase
of approximately $386,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997), and (v)
additional office space and equipment the Company leases as a result of its
expanded staff (an increase of approximately $137,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997). The increase is offset in part by (i) a greater allocation
of expenses to the Microtel and Hawthorn marketing and advertising funds which
began in February and April of 1996, respectively (a decrease of approximately
$91,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997) and (ii) a $200,000 non-recurring
charge related to the anticipated termination of the Company's corporate office
lease included in 1996 expenses.
Depreciation and amortization expense primarily includes: (i) depreciation
of equipment for the corporate and regional sales offices (approximately
$94,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997), (ii) amortization for the cost
of acquiring the Microtel brand and the exclusive rights to franchise the
Hawthorn Suites brand (approximately $166,000 for the year ended December 31,
1997), (iii) amortization of consulting payments made to Hudson under the
Microtel Acquisition Agreement (approximately $233,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1997), (iv) amortization of costs related to the formation of the
Company (approximately $31,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997) and (v)
amortization of architectural plans developed for the Microtel and Hawthorn
Suites hotels (approximately $29,000) and (vi) depreciation of a truck
(approximately $11,000).
YEAR ENDED 1996 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1995
Marketing and reservation expenses increased $1,584,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1996 primarily because: (i) the Company commenced operations in
October 1995, therefore limited national consumer advertising expenses were
incurred in 1995 for the Microtel brand (an increase of approximately $568,000
for the year ended December 31, 1996) and (ii) the right to franchise the
Hawthorn Suites brand was not acquired until March 1996, therefore, no
marketing and reservation expenses were incurred in 1995 for this brand (an
increase of approximately $1,016,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996).
The franchise sales commissions for the year ended December 31, 1996
relate to one hotel that opened and the execution of an international master
franchise agreement compared to zero hotels in 1995.
24
<PAGE> 25
Other franchise sales and advertising expenses increased $2,164,000 for
the year ended December 31, 1996 because: (i) the Company commenced operations
in October 1995 and the majority of its Microtel and Hawthorn sales staffs were
not hired until December 1995 and March 1996, respectively; therefore, payroll
and payroll-related, travel and entertainment, and general office expenses were
minimal in 1995 (an increase of approximately $1,578,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1996) (ii) the right to franchise the Hawthorn Suites brand was
not acquired until March 1996 and as a result, advertising and promotion costs
were incurred (an increase of approximately $186,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1996), (iii) additional expenses were incurred for the promotion
of the Microtel brand (an increase of approximately $105,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1996), (iv) a program was initiated in which potential franchisees
were brought to Atlanta, Georgia, home of the Company's corporate offices, for
education and tours of the local Microtel and Hawthorn hotels (an increase of
approximately $122,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996) and (v)
advertising and promotional expenses were incurred for the Company's American
Dream and Franchisee Financing Facility Programs which were introduced in 1996
(an increase of approximately $130,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996).
Other general and administrative expenses increased $3,112,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1996 due to: (i) additional personnel hired in the
areas of training, franchise services, franchise administration and quality
control to service the additional executed franchise agreements and newly
introduced programs (an increase of approximately $1,626,000 for the year ended
December 31, 1996), (ii) legal fees and general office and travel expenses due
to the additional nine months of operations and additional headcount in place
during 1996 (an increase of approximately $929,000 for the year ended December
31, 1996) (iii) expenses related to the Company's having become a publicly
traded company in October 1996 (an increase of approximately $71,000 for the
year ended December 31, 1996) and (iv) a $240,000 non-recurring charge related
to the anticipated termination of the Company's corporate office lease.
Depreciation and amortization expense includes (i) depreciation of
equipment for the corporate and regional sales offices (approximately $32,000
for the year ended December 31, 1996), (ii) amortization for the cost of
acquiring the Microtel brand and the exclusive rights to franchise the Hawthorn
Suites brand (approximately $223,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996),
(iii) amortization of consulting payments made to Hudson under the Microtel
Acquisition Agreement (approximately $233,000 for the year ended December 31,
1996), (iv) amortization of costs related to the formation of the Company
(approximately $32,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996), and (v)
architectural plans developed for Microtel and Hawthorn Suites hotels
(approximately $17,000).
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED PERIOD ENDED
DEC 31, 1997 DEC 31, 1996 DEC 31, 1995
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Interest income $ 1,386,000 $ 871,000 $ 195,000
Interest expense $ 1,905,000 $ 126,000 $ 36,000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
YEAR ENDED 1997 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1996
Interest income, resulting from investments in cash and marketable
securities, increased $515,000 for the year ended December 31, 1997 primarily
as a result of additional interest earned on the cash received from the
Company's initial public offering in October 1996.
Interest expense increased $1,779,000 for the year ended December 31,
1997. Interest expense in 1996 related to the note payable for purchasing the
Microtel brand while the 1997 expense also includes interest paid to the
holders of the Company's subordinated debentures (see Note 3 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company).
25
<PAGE> 26
YEAR ENDED 1996 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1995
Interest income, resulting from investments in cash and marketable
securities, increased $676,000 for the year ended December 31, 1996 because of
the nine additional months of operations and the additional interest earned on
the cash received from the Company's initial public offering in October 1996.
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 1996 increased $90,000
because of the nine additional months of operations in 1996, offset partially
by the paying down of the note payable relating to the purchase of the Microtel
brand by $706,000 since the fourth quarter of 1995.
NET LOSS - A summary of operating results is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED PERIOD ENDED
DEC 31, 1997 DEC 31, 1996 DEC 31, 1995
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net Loss $ 8,947,000 $ 6,591,000 $ 1,168,000
Loss applicable to common stockholders $ 8,947,000 $ 8,309,000 $ 1,577,000
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
YEAR ENDED 1997 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1996
The Company's net loss increased $2,356,000 as of December 31, 1997
primarily because of the additional employees hired in 1997 and the additional
costs of being a public company for a full year. The Company did not expect to
generate a profit in 1996 or 1997 as it was investing in its infrastructure to
facilitate future growth. It generally takes twelve to eighteen months from the
time a franchise application is received to the opening of a hotel, at which
time the Company generally begins receiving royalty income. Total hotels open
and under development increased from 355 to 557 from December 31, 1996 to
December 31, 1997. A total of thirty five of the ninety hotels open as of
December 31, 1997 were paying royalties to the Company. Only two of the
forty-seven properties open as of December 31, 1996 were paying royalties to
the Company. The Company continues to focus on building its future royalty
stream.
The net loss applicable to common stockholders includes $1,718,000 of
accumulated but undeclared and unpaid dividends on its 10% Cumulative
Redeemable Exchangeable Preferred Stock (the "Redeemable Preferred Stock") for
the year ended December 31, 1996.
The Company had a net operating loss carryforward for income tax purposes
of $11,542,000 and $6,437,000 for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996,
respectively. Given the limited operating history of the Company, management
recorded a valuation allowance for the full amount of the deferred tax asset as
of December 31, 1997.
YEAR ENDED 1996 COMPARED TO YEAR ENDED 1995
The Company's net loss increased $5,423,000 as of December 31, 1996
primarily attributable because of the nine additional months of operations and
the additional employees hired in 1996. The Company did not expect to generate
a profit in 1995 or 1996 as it was investing in its infrastructure to
facilitate future growth. It generally takes twelve to eighteen months from the
time a franchise application is received to the opening of the hotel, at which
time the Company generally begins receiving royalty income. Total hotels open
and under development increased from forty-two to 355 from December 31, 1995 to
December 31, 1996 (including nineteen additional hotels from the acquisition of
franchise rights to the Hawthorn Suites brand). However, only two of the
forty-seven open hotels were paying royalties to the Company. as of December
31, 1996. None of the twenty-three properties open as of December 31, 1995 were
paying royalties to the Company. In 1995 and 1996 the Company focused on
building its future royalty stream.
26
<PAGE> 27
The net loss applicable to common stockholders includes $1,718,000 and
$409,000 of accumulated but undeclared and unpaid dividends on its Redeemable
Preferred Stock for the years ended December 31, 1996 and December 31, 1995,
respectively. The Company had a net operating loss carryforward for income tax
purposes as of December 31, 1996 of $6,437,000. Given the limited operating
history of the Company, management recorded a valuation allowance for the full
amount of the deferred tax asset as of December 31, 1996.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
From August 28, 1995 (inception) to October 24, 1996, USFS financed its
operations primarily through a private placement of securities, franchise
application fees, and interest income. In October 1995, USFS raised
approximately $17.5 million in gross proceeds through private sales of shares
of its old common stock (i.e., stock prior to the reclassification of shares on
October 11, 1996) and Redeemable Preferred Stock.
On October 24, 1996, USFS completed a public offering of 1,825,000 shares
of Class A Common Stock at $13.50 per share (the "Offering"). Net proceeds to
USFS from the Offering were approximately $21,391,000. The remaining proceeds of
the Offering are held either as cash or cash equivalents and will be used for
working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include (i)
approximately $1,000,000 to fund USFS's remaining obligations under the Microtel
Acquisition Agreement, (ii) approximately $1,000,000, to acquire additional
lodging or other service-oriented brands or exclusive franchise rights, (iii)
approximately $1,000,000 to invest in financing programs developed by its wholly
owned subsidiary, US Funding Corp., (iv) approximately $3,000,000 to service
interest on the Subordinated Debentures, (v) approximately $4,000,000 to build
hotel properties, and (vi) approximately $2,300,000 to invest in entities that
make equity investments in hotel properties built and managed by certain
franchisees with the potential for multi-unit development. Cash and cash
equivalents were $15,890,000 as of December 31, 1997. In Management's opinion,
based on the Company's current operations, the Company's capital resources are
sufficient to fund operations for the next twelve months.
On January 1, 1997, USFS exercised its option to exchange the Redeemable
Preferred Stock at the Liquidation Value of $18,477,000 into 10% Subordinated
Debentures due September 29, 2007 (the "Subordinated Debentures"). USFS is
required to pay interest expense by issuing additional debentures for 50% of
the expense with the remaining 50% to be paid in cash. Interest is payable
semi-annually on the last business day in June and December of each year. If
Mr. Michael A. Leven's employment terminates for any reason USFS would be
obligated to redeem all outstanding Subordinated Debentures. USFS also had
outstanding indebtedness related to the Microtel Acquisition of approximately
$454,000 in principal and interest as of December 31, 1997.
In connection with the establishment of the Development Fund (see "Item 1.
Business -- Recent Developments"), the Company has made a $10 million loan to
Constellation, which will use the funds to make a subordinated investment in
the Development Fund. The loan bears interest at an annual rate of 8%, is
non-recourse and is repayable from distributions and payments made to
Constellation from the Development Fund. In addition, the Company sold an
aggregate of 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to NorthStar and
Lubert-Adler for $5.6 million. NorthStar and Lubert-Adler also have the right
to purchase up to an additional 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock,
exercisable as funds are committed by the Development Fund, at a price of
$11.25 per share. The Company will also be paid $3.5 million over the next five
years to manage the Development Fund.
The Company has no outstanding lines of credit in place. The Company uses
cash and its own stock as its primary capital resource.
27
<PAGE> 28
For the year ended December 31, 1997, USFS had a net loss of $8,947,000.
The net cash used in operating activities was $9,630,000. The net cash used was
primarily a result of increases in promissory notes receivable related to the
application fees on executed franchise agreements, increases in deferred
commissions paid to salesmen for executed franchise agreements, increases in
other assets which primarily relate to loans issued to franchisees to aid them
in the development of building hotels, a decrease in the liability to Hudson
Hotels Corporation and increases in prepaid expenses. Net cash used was
partially offset by cash inflows of application fees for executed franchise
agreements, depreciation and amortization, deferred compensation related to the
Company's Employee Stock Option Plan, increases in commissions payable, and the
issuance of Subordinated Debentures paid in kind.
For the year ended December 31, 1997, net cash used in investing
activities was $5,385,000 which was primarily a result of costs related to the
acquisition of property and construction of hotels on such property. In
addition, uses of cash in investing activities, included the acquisition of
additional office furniture and office equipment, costs related to the
construction of a national reservation system, and the capitalization of legal
fees incurred on the anticipated Hawthorn merger transaction.
For the year ended December 31, 1997, net cash used in financing
activities was $283,000 which was a result of the Company repurchasing
management stock from certain members of management who left the Company and
the repayment of debt during the period.
YEAR 2000 COMPUTER MATTER
The Year 2000 issue is the result of computer programs being written using
two digits rather than four to define the applicable year. Any of the Company's
computer programs that have time-sensitive software may recognize a date using
"00" as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000. This could result in a system
failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among
other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices, or
engage in similar normal business activities.
Management has determined that the Year 2000 Issue will not pose
significant operational problems for its computer systems. All costs associated
with analyzing the Year 2000 Issue or making conversions to existing software
are being expensed as incurred.
The Company is planning formal communications with all of its significant
suppliers of goods and services to determine the extent to which the Company's
operations and systems are vulnerable to those third parties' failure to
remediate their own Year 2000 Issue. There can be no guarantee that the systems
of other companies on which the Company's operations and systems rely will be
timely converted and would not have an adverse effect on the Company's systems.
The Company will utilize predominantly internal resources to reprogram, or
replace, and test the software for Year 2000 modifications. The Company
anticipates completing the Year 2000 project by May 1, 1999, which is prior to
any anticipated impact on its operating systems. Management has not estimated a
total cost of the Year 2000 Issue however such costs are not expected to have a
material effect on the results of operations during any quarterly or annual
reporting period.
The costs of the project and the date on which the Company believes it
will complete the Year 2000 modifications are based on management's best
estimates, which were derived utilizing numerous assumptions of future events,
including the continued availability of certain resources, third party
modification plans and other factors. However, there can be no guarantee that
these estimates will be achieved and actual results could differ materially
from those anticipated. Specific factors that might cause
28
<PAGE> 29
such material differences include, but are not limited to, the availability and
cost of personnel trained in this area, the ability to locate and correct all
relevant computer codes, and similar uncertainties.
SEASONALITY. Royalties generated by gross room revenues of franchised
properties are expected to be the principal source of revenue for the Company
for the immediate future, although the Company may in the future franchise
non-lodging brands and may derive revenues from other activities, such as
management fees and returns on debt and equity investments in properties.
During 1997 and 1996, such royalty revenues were $397,000 and $5,000,
respectively. As a result, the Company expects to experience seasonal revenue
patterns similar to those experienced by the lodging industry generally.
Accordingly, the summer months, because of increase in leisure travel, are
expected to produce higher revenues for the Company than other periods during
the year. In addition, developers of new hotels typically attempt, whenever
feasible, to schedule the opening of a new property to occur prior to the
spring and summer seasons. This also may have an impact on the seasonality of
the Company's revenues, a significant portion of which is not recognized until
the opening of a property. Accordingly the Company may experience lower
revenues and profits in the first and fourth quarters and higher revenues and
profits in the second and third quarters.
INFLATION. The rate of inflation has not had a material effect on the revenues
or operating results of the Company since its inception.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Not applicable.
29
<PAGE> 30
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
<S> <C>
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997
AND 1996 AND FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND 1996 AND THE
PERIOD FROM AUGUST 28, 1995 (INCEPTION) TO DECEMBER 31, 1995:
Independent Auditors' Report 31
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 32
Consolidated Statements of Operations 33
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) 34
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 35
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 36
</TABLE>
30
<PAGE> 31
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
Board of Directors and Stockholders
U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position
of U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December
31, 1997 and 1996 and the related consolidated statements of operations,
stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for the years ended December 31,
1997 and 1996 and for the period from August 28, 1995 (inception) to December
31, 1995. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's
management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 1997
and 1996 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years
ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period from August 28, 1995
(inception) to December 31, 1995 in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
February 20, 1998
(March 17, 1998 as to Note 15)
31
<PAGE> 32
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ASSETS 1997 1996
-------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and temporary cash investments $ 15,890,000 $ 31,188,000
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $17,000 and $45,000
as of December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively) 268,000 114,000
Deposits 114,000 93,000
Prepaid expenses 602,000 494,000
Promissory notes receivable 862,000 784,000
Deferred commissions 2,563,000 1,261,000
-------------- --------------
Total current assets 20,299,000 33,934,000
PROMISSORY NOTES RECEIVABLE 2,869,000 390,000
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - Net 5,595,000 292,000
FRANCHISE RIGHTS - Net 3,322,000 3,264,000
DEFERRED COMMISSIONS 3,049,000 1,492,000
OTHER ASSETS - Net 1,217,000 733,000
-------------- -------------
Total assets $ 36,351,000 $ 40,105,000
============== =============
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable 1,138,000 $ 679,000
Commissions payable 1,171,000 837,000
Deferred application fees 4,402,000 2,916,000
Accrued expenses 990,000 1,110,000
Due to Hudson Hotels Corporation 454,000 277,000
-------------- -------------
Total current liabilities 8,155,000 5,819,000
DUE TO HUDSON HOTELS CORPORATION - 454,000
DEFERRED APPLICATION FEES 4,586,000 2,749,000
SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES 19,412,000 -
-------------- -------------
Total liabilities 32,153,000 9,022,000
REDEEMABLE STOCK:
Preferred shares, par value $0.01 per share; authorized 525,000 shares; issued and
outstanding 163,500 shares; cumulative exchangeable (entitled in liquidation to
$18,477,000 at December 31, 1996) - 18,477,000
Common shares, par value $0.01 per share; issued and outstanding 3,128,473 (net of
57,807 shares in Treasury) at December 31, 1997 and 3,186,280 at December 31, 1996
entitled to redemption under certain circumstances to $330,000 and $324,000 (net of
$6,000 in Treasury at December 31, 1997) at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively 324,000 330,000
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Notes 5 and 12)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common shares, par value $0.01 per share; authorized 30,000,000 shares of Class A
Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of Class B Common Stock; issued and outstanding
6,716,499 Class A shares and 2,707,919 Class B shares at December 31, 1997; issued
and outstanding 6,686,196 Class A shares and 2,707,919 Class B shares at December 31,
1996 96,000 96,000
Capital in excess of par 21,092,000 20,547,000
Accumulated deficit (17,314,000) (8,367,000)
-------------- -------------
Total stockholders' equity 3,874,000 12,276,000
-------------- -------------
==============
$ 36,351,000 $ 40,105,000
============== =============
</TABLE>
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
32
<PAGE> 33
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD FROM
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED AUGUST 28, 1995
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, (INCEPTION) TO
1997 1996 DECEMBER 31, 1995
---- ---- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
REVENUES:
Marketing and reservation fees $ 1,921,000 $ 1,197,000 $ -
Franchise application and royalty fees 1,610,000 20,000 -
Other 417,000 75,000 -
------------ ------------ -----------------
3,948,000 1,292,000 -
------------ ------------ -----------------
EXPENSES:
Marketing and reservations 2,058,000 1,597,000 13,000
Royalties paid to third parties 158,000 1,000 -
Franchise sales commissions 641,000 29,000 -
Other franchise sales and advertising 3,461,000 2,714,000 550,000
Other general and administrative 5,487,000 3,750,000 638,000
Depreciation and amortization 571,000 537,000 126,000
------------ ------------ -----------------
12,376,000 8,628,000 1,327,000
------------ ------------ -----------------
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS (8,428,000) (7,336,000) (1,327,000)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Interest income 1,386,000 871,000 195,000
Interest expense (1,905,000) (126,000) (36,000)
------------ ------------ -----------------
NET LOSS $ (8,947,000) $ (6,591,000) $ (1,168,000)
============ ============ =================
LOSS APPLICABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS $ (8,947,000) $ (8,309,000) $ (1,577,000
============ ============ =================
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON
SHARES OUTSTANDING 12,563,772 11,059,576 10,755,409
============ ============ =================
NET LOSS APPLICABLE TO COMMON
STOCKHOLDERS PER SHARE-BASIC $ (0.71) $ (0.75) $ (0.15)
============ ============ =================
</TABLE>
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
33
<PAGE> 34
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CAPITAL TOTAL
COMMON STOCK IN EXCESS ACCUMULATED SHAREHOLDERS'
SHARES AMOUNT OF PAR DEFICIT EQUITY (DEFICIT)
------ ------ ------------ ----------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <S>
BALANCE AS OF AUGUST 28, 1995 - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Issuance of common stock 7,569,115 78,000 637,000 - 715,000
Undeclared dividends on
redeemable preferred stock - - (409,000) - (409,000)
Net loss - - - (1,168,000) (1,168,000)
---------- -------- ------------ ------------ ------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1995 7,569,115 78,000 228,000 (1,168,000) (862,000)
Redemption of capital stock -
other management (1,149,502) (11,000) (108,000) - (119,000)
Issuance of capital stock -
other management 1,149,502 11,000 111,000 - 122,000
Issuance of capital stock - initial
public offering proceeds, net 1,825,000 18,000 21,373,000 - 21,391,000
Undeclared dividends on
redeemable preferred stock - - (1,110,000) (608,000) (1,718,000)
Fair value of options granted - - 53,000 - 53,000
Net loss - - - (6,591,000) (6,591,000)
---------- -------- ------------ ------------ ------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1996 9,394,115 96,000 20,547,000 (8,367,000) 12,276,000
Issuance of capital stock -
acquisition of computer software 30,303 - 250,000 - 250,000
Fair value of options granted - - 295,000 - 295,000
Net loss - - - (8,947,000) (8,947,000)
---------- -------- ------------ ------------ ------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997 9,424,418 $ 96,000 $ 21,092,000 $(17,314,000) $ 3,874,000
</TABLE>
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
34
<PAGE> 35
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD FROM
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED AUGUST 28, 1995
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31, (INCEPTION) TO
1997 1996 DECEMBER 31, 1995
-------------------- -------------------- ----------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net loss $ (8,947,000) $ (6,591,000) $ (1,168,000)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 571,000 537,000 126,000
Deferred compensation amortization 295,000 53,000 -
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Increase in deposits and accounts receivable (175,000) (120,000) (87,000)
Increase in prepaid expenses (341,000) (329,000) (457,000)
Increase in promissory notes receivable (2,557,000) (1,174,000) -
Increase in deferred commissions (2,859,000) (2,712,000) (41,000)
Increase in other assets (548,000) (560,000) (230,000)
Increase in accounts payable 459,000 478,000 201,000
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses (120,000) 1,045,000 65,000
Increase in commissions payable 334,000 815,000 22,000
Increase in deferred application fees 3,323,000 5,545,000 120,000
Increase in subordinated debentures paid in kind 935,000 - -
----------- ------------ ------------
Net cash used in operating activities (9,630,000) (3,013,000) (1,449,000)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisition of property and equipment (5,162,000) (263,000) (62,000)
Acquisition of franchise rights (223,000) (117,000) (1,991,000)
------------ ------------- -----------
Net cash used in investing activities (5,385,000) (380,000) (2,053,000)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of redeemable preferred stock - - 16,350,000
Issuance of common stock, net - 21,513,000 1,045,000
Redemption of common stock (6,000) (119,000) -
Principal payments on borrowings (277,000) (706,000) -
------------ ------------- ------------
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (283,000) 20,688,000 17,395,000
------------ ------------ ------------
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND TEMPORARY
CASH INVESTMENTS $(15,298,000) $ 17,295,000 $ 13,893,000
CASH AND TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
Beginning of period 31,188,000 13,893,000 -
------------ ------------ ------------
End of period $ 15,890,000 $ 31,188,000 $ 13,893,000
============ ============ ============
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest $ 1,009,000 $ 144,000 -
============ ============ ============
Noncash activities;
Undeclared dividends accrued on redeemable preferred stock - $ 1,718,000 $ 409,000
============ ============ ============
Portion of purchase price due to Hudson Hotels Corporation in
future years, discounted at 10% - - $ 1,437,000
============ ============ ============
Issuance of 30,303 shares of Class A common stock for
Reservations System Software $ 250,000 - -
============ ============ ============
</TABLE>
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
35
<PAGE> 36
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND 1996 AND
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND 1996 AND FOR THE PERIOD FROM AUGUST
28, 1995 (INCEPTION) TO DECEMBER 31, 1995
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ORGANIZATION
U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated under the
laws of the State of Delaware on August 28, 1995 to acquire, market, and
license distinct franchise brands principally within the United States.
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and the following wholly owned subsidiaries: (i) Microtel Inns and Suites
Franchising, Inc. ("Microtel") (and its wholly owned subsidiaries Microtel
International, Inc. and Microtel Inns Realty Corp. ("MIRC") (and its
wholly owned subsidiaries Tempe Inns Realty Corp., Chandler Inns Realty
Corp., Tempe Holdings, LLC, and Chandler Holdings, LLC)); (ii) Hawthorn
Suites Franchising, Inc. ("HSF"); (iii) US Funding Corp. ("US Funding");
and (iv) U.S. Franchise Capital, Inc. The consolidated financial
statements also include the accounts of the marketing and reservation
funds of the Microtel and Hawthorn hotel systems. All significant
intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in
consolidation.
On October 24, 1996, the Company completed an initial public offering of
1,825,000 shares of Class A Common Stock at $13.50 per share (the
"Offering"). Net proceeds to the Company from the Offering were
approximately $21,391,000. Had the Offering occurred on January 1, 1996,
pro forma loss applicable to common stockholders per share would have been
$.66 for the year ended December 31, 1996. Pro forma weighted average
shares of 12,580,409 are assumed outstanding for purposes of the pro forma
loss applicable to common stockholder per share calculation.
MICROTEL INNS AND SUITES FRANCHISING, INC.
On September 7, 1995, the Company entered into an agreement (the "Microtel
Agreement") with Hudson Hotels Corporation ("Hudson") to acquire the
exclusive worldwide franchising rights and operating assets of the
Microtel hotel system (the "Microtel Acquisition") for $3,037,000. The
Company paid $1,600,000 at closing and agreed to pay $1,437,000 (see Note
6) over a three year period with interest at 10%. The Company also agreed
to pay $700,000 for consulting services, $400,000 of which was paid at
closing, with $150,000 payable in each of 1996 and 1997. As of December
31, 1997, the Company had made all required payments for consulting
services. As part of the Microtel Agreement, the Company received warrants
to purchase 100,000 common shares of Hudson through September 1, 2000 at
an exercise price of $8.375 per share. The Microtel Agreement requires the
Company to pay a royalty for the right to use, and license others to use,
certain trademarks, service marks, and trade names (the "Microtel
Proprietary Marks") associated with the Microtel hotel system (see Note
12).
36
<PAGE> 37
The Company did not acquire physical facilities, employee base, sales
force, production techniques, or an existing customer base in conjunction
with the acquisition of the worldwide Microtel franchising rights.
Pursuant to a Trademark, Service Mark, and System License Agreement (the
"Microtel License Agreement"), the Company granted to Microtel the
exclusive right to use, and license others to use, the Microtel
Proprietary Marks in connection with the operation of hotels under the
Microtel hotel system
MICROTEL INNS REALTY CORP.
MIRC, a Georgia corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Microtel
incorporated on January 30, 1997. This subsidiary, and its wholly owned
subsidiaries Tempe Inns Realty Corp., Chandler Inns Realty Corp., Tempe
Holdings, LLC, and Chandler Holdings, LLC, acquire and develop real
estate. The Company intends to construct hotels on this real estate and
subsequently sell these hotel properties upon completion of construction.
In the event that a hotel is not sold upon completion of construction,
MIRC would be responsible for managing or causing the management of the
property until a sale occurs. There can be no assurance that MIRC will
find a buyer for any or all of the properties.
HAWTHORN SUITES FRANCHISING, INC.
On March 27, 1996, the Company entered into an agreement with HSA
Properties, LLC ("HSA") to acquire the exclusive worldwide franchising
rights with respect to the Hawthorn hotel system (the "Hawthorn
Agreement"). The Company made no payment to HSA at closing but agreed to
remit to HSA all royalties the Company actually receives for then existing
Hawthorn franchises and a portion of the royalties the Company actually
receives from future Hawthorn franchisees.
Pursuant to a Trademark, Service Mark, and System License Agreement which
expires in April 1998 (the "Hawthorn License Agreement"), the Company
granted to HSF the exclusive right to use, and license others to use, the
Hawthorn Proprietary Marks in connection with the Hawthorn hotel system
(see Notes 12 and 15).
MARKETING AND RESERVATION FUNDS
Marketing and reservation fees are collected from franchisees and used at
the Company's discretion to develop, support, and enhance the reservation
systems and marketing programs of the Microtel and Hawthorn hotel systems.
The related revenues and expenses are reported gross in the accompanying
financial statements.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Application Fee Revenue and Related Costs - Initial franchise fee revenue
consists of application fees received by the Company's subsidiaries from
prospective franchisees. Such fees are recognized in income when the
underlying hotels open for business. Related franchise sales commissions
are deferred until the underlying hotels open for business, at which time
such costs are charged to expense.
37
<PAGE> 38
Cash and Temporary Cash Investments - The Company considers its
investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash
equivalents. " Cash and temporary cash investments" consisted of the
following at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Cash in bank deposit $ 1,523,000 $ 2,355,000
Money market funds 14,367,000 28,833,000
-------------- --------------
$ 15,890,000 $ 31,188,000
============== ==============
</TABLE>
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts - During the years ended December 31, 1997
and 1996, the Company charged $10,000 and $46,000 as an allowance for
estimated uncollectible accounts, respectively, and reduced the allowance
by $39,000 during 1997.
Franchise Rights - Franchise rights represent the cost of acquiring such
rights and are amortized on a straight-line basis over twenty-five years.
Accumulated amortization is $447,000 and $281,000 at December 31, 1997 and
1996, respectively.
Other Assets - Other assets primarily consist of development subsidies
(amortized over the life of the license agreement upon the hotel opening),
architectural drawings and renderings (amortized over fifteen years), US
Funding Corp. loan participations, and organization and start-up costs
(amortized over five years). Other assets consisted of the following at
December 31, 1997 and 1996:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
US Funding Corp. loan participation $ 433,000 $ -
Architectural plans and renderings - net of accumulated
amortization of $47,000 and $18,000, respectively 383,000 397,000
Development subsidies - net of accumulated amortization of
$2,000 and zero, respectively 107,000 49,000
Other - net of accumulated amortization of $72,000 and
$39,000, respectively 294,000 287,000
------------ -----------
$ 1,217,000 $ 733,000
============ ===========
</TABLE>
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets - The Company has adopted Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") 121, "Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed of,"
as of January 1, 1996. Long-lived assets, principally intangibles, are
evaluated quarterly and written down to fair value when management
believes that the unamortized balance cannot be recovered through future
undiscounted cash flows. No assets were written down to fair value during
the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively.
Income Taxes - The Company has adopted the provisions of SFAS 109,
"Accounting for Income Taxes," which requires the use of the asset and
liability approach in accounting for income taxes.
38
<PAGE> 39
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The carrying amounts of cash and
cash equivalents, trade and notes receivables, other current assets,
accounts payable, accrueds, and notes payable meeting the definition of a
financial instrument approximate fair value.
Stock-based Compensation Plans - The Company has elected to account for
its Stock Option plans in accordance with SFAS 123, "Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation." Under the provisions of SFAS 123, compensation
is recognized for the fair value of options granted over the vesting
period.
Earnings Per Share - In February 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board issued SFAS 128, "Earnings per Share," which simplifies the
standards for computing earnings per share (EPS) information and makes the
computation comparable to international EPS standards. SFAS 128 replaces
the presentation of "primary" (and when required "fully diluted") EPS with
a presentation of "basic" and "diluted" EPS. Net income per share basic is
computed based on net income divided by the weighted average common shares
outstanding. If required, on a diluted basis, net income per share -
diluted is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average common
and common shares during the year plus the incremental shares that would
have been outstanding under stock option plans.
Management Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported
amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual
results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications - Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements
have been reclassified to conform with the 1997 financial statement
presentation.
3. REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
Until December 31, 1996, the cumulative redeemable exchangeable preferred
stock (the "Redeemable Preferred Stock") earned cumulative dividends at an
annual dividend rate of 10%, payable in additional shares of Redeemable
Preferred Stock.
On January 1, 1997, the Company exercised its option to exchange the
Redeemable Preferred Stock at its liquidation value of $18,477,000 into
10% subordinated debentures due September 29, 2007 (the "Subordinated
Debentures"). The Company is required to pay interest expense by issuing
additional Subordinated Debentures for 50% of the expense with the
remaining 50% to be paid in cash. Interest is payable semi-annually on the
last business day in June and December of each year. If Mr. Michael A.
Leven's employment with the Company terminates for any reason or the
Company were to experience a change of control, the Company would be
obligated to redeem all outstanding Subordinated Debentures.
39
<PAGE> 40
4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment is recorded at historical cost and consisted of the
following at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Land $ 1,847,000 $ -
Construction-in-progress 2,339,000 -
Furniture and fixtures 175,000 124,000
Computer equipment and software 1,273,000 144,000
Truck 25,000 -
Office equipment 76,000 56,000
------------ ------------
5,735,000 324,000
Less accumulated depreciation 140,000 32,000
============ ============
$ 5,595,000 $ 292,000
============ ============
</TABLE>
Computer software is depreciated on a straight-line basis over a period of
three years. Computer equipment is depreciated using the 200%
declining-balance method over a period of five years. The truck is
depreciated on a straight-line basis over eighteen months. The remaining
fixed assets are depreciated using the 200% declining-balance method over
a period of seven years. Depreciation expense was $108,000, $30,000 and
$2,000 for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, and the period from
August 28, 1995 (inception) to December 31, 1995, respectively. Included
within property and equipment is capitalized interest of $32,000 at
December 31, 1997.
5. LEASES
The Company leases certain equipment and office space used in its
operations. Rental expense under operating leases was $366,000, $231,000
and $41,000 for the years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 and the period
from August 28, 1995 (inception) to December 31, 1995, respectively. The
future minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable operating leases at
December 31, 1997 were as follows:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
1998 $ 356,000
1999 332,000
2000 241,000
2001 75,000
2002 46,000
============
Total $ 1,050,000
============
</TABLE>
40
<PAGE> 41
6. DUE TO HUDSON HOTELS CORPORATION
The Company is required to pay Hudson $1,437,000 ($1,700,000 discounted at
a rate of 10%) of which $454,000 remains payable as of December 31, 1997
for the assets of the Microtel hotel system (see Note 1) and is payable on
October 5, annually, as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAYABLE AS OF PAYABLE AS OF
DEC. 31, 1997 DEC. 31, 1996
------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
1997 $ - $ 277,000
1998 454,000 454,000
------------- -------------
454,000 731,000
Less current portion 454,000 277,000
------------- -------------
$ - $ 454,000
============= =============
</TABLE>
7. PREPAID EXPENSES
Pursuant to the Microtel Agreement, Hudson is required, for a period of
three years, to consult with and assist in establishing the Company as an
operating entity in the business of selling and administering franchises
utilizing the Microtel hotel system. An initial payment in the amount of
$400,000 was made to Hudson in October 1995 and recorded as a deferred
expense. The Company paid its remaining obligation of $150,000 in 1997 in
connection with such consulting arrangements. Such amounts are being
amortized over the term of the Microtel Agreement. Amortization expense of
$233,000, $233,000 and $58,000 was charged to expense for the years ended
December 31, 1997 and 1996 and for the period from August 28, 1995
(inception) to December 31, 1995, respectively.
8. STOCK PURCHASED BY EMPLOYEES
On October 5, 1995, as part of the initial capitalization of the Company,
two of its officers (the "Original Management Investors") purchased
5,485,259 shares of common stock (51% of the total issued) pursuant to
employee stock purchase agreements (as amended, the "Employee Stock
Purchase Agreements") for an aggregate purchase price of $567,245 or
$.1034 per share. In conjunction with the Offering, the Employee Stock
Purchase Agreements were amended to revise the vesting requirements with
respect to 50% of the Restricted Shares (as hereinafter defined)
(approximately 13% of the Common Stock outstanding before the Offering).
Such Restricted Shares were deemed earned and vested notwithstanding the
fact that performance criteria were not yet met by the Company. Pursuant
to the terms of the Employee Stock Purchase Agreements, in February 1996,
the Company redeemed 826,833 shares, consisting of 608,359 Unrestricted
Shares and 218,474 Restricted Shares (collectively, the "Transferable
Shares"), from the Original Management Investors at $.1034 per share and
resold such shares to other members of management, each of whom signed
Employee Stock Purchase Agreements at the estimated fair value at that
time of $.1034 per share. In April 1996, the Company redeemed 322,669
Transferable Shares from certain other management at $.1034 per share and
subsequently resold such shares to the same members of other management at
the estimated fair value at that time of $.1137 per share.
41
<PAGE> 42
As of December 31, 1996, 4,087,054 shares were unrestricted (the
"Unrestricted Shares") and 1,398,205 shares were restricted (the
"Restricted Shares").
As of December 31, 1997, the numbers of Unrestricted Shares and Restricted
Shares were 4,056,133 and 1,371,319, respectively. The decrease in the
number of Unrestricted and Restricted Shares during 1997 is attributable
to the repurchase by the Company of 30,921 Unrestricted and 26,886
Restricted Shares from two management employees who left the Company
during 1997 (collectively, the "Forfeit Shares"). The Company repurchased
38,990 and 18,817 Forfeit Shares at $.1034 and $.1137 per share,
respectively, pursuant to the terms of the departing management employees'
respective Employee Stock Purchase Agreements. As of December 31, 1997 the
57,807 Forfeit Shares are held by the Company as treasury stock. Pursuant
to the terms of their respective Employee Stock Purchase Agreements, the
Original Management Investors had the right to purchase, at any time, the
Forfeit Shares from the Company at the price paid by the Company. However,
as of December 10, 1997, the Original Management Investors have
permanently declined their option to purchase such Forfeit Shares held as
Treasury Stock.
Pursuant to the terms of their respective Employee Stock Purchase
Agreements, all members of management who own Transferable Shares must
vote such shares in the same manner as the Original Management Investors
vote their shares. Unrestricted Shares and Restricted Shares are subject
to five year and ten year vesting periods, respectively, subject to, among
other things, the management employee's continued employment by the
Company. Any Transferable Shares which are forfeited will be repurchased
by the Company and will be reoffered to the Original Management Investors
at $.1034 or $.1137 per share, as applicable, based on the price paid by
the management employee for the forfeited shares. Compensation expense
will be recorded to the extent the fair value of the reoffered shares
exceeds $.1034 or $.1137, as applicable.
All Restricted Shares are subject to an earnings test formula based upon
increases in the Company's earnings before interest, taxes, and
depreciation and are deemed earned upon the satisfaction of these
performance criteria (the "Earned Shares"). Earned Shares are subject to
forfeiture if the holder's employment ceases with the Company before
September 29, 2005. Any Restricted Shares that have not been earned by
September 29, 2005 will be redeemed by the Company and reissued to the
original stockholders of the Company (other than the Original Management
Investors) pro rata based on their original holdings of common stock.
Restricted Shares held by the Original Management Investors and all
Transferable Shares held by other members of management have been
classified as redeemable common stock in the balance sheet because they
are redeemable by the Company under certain circumstances for reasons not
under the Company's control.
In the event that substantially all of the Company's stock or assets are
transferred or sold, or upon a business combination, Earned Shares
automatically become Unrestricted Shares. In addition, any remaining
Restricted Shares at the time of a merger or sale of the Company become
Unrestricted Shares to the extent that the then value of the Company
results in an internal rate of return to the original stockholders of the
Company of 40% compounded annually.
9. COMMON STOCK
On October 11, 1996, the stockholders approved the creation of two classes
of common stock: Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per
42
<PAGE> 43
share and Class B Common Stock, par value $.01 per share. The stockholders
also agreed to split and reclassify each share of the Company's existing
common stock, par value $.10 per share, into 9.67 shares of Class A Common
Stock. In connection with the reclassification, certain members of
management and related stockholders holding 2,707,919 shares of Class A
Common Stock exchanged such shares for the same number of shares of Class
B Common Stock. Shares of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock
are identical in all respects except that: (i) holders of Class B Common
Stock are entitled to ten votes per share and holders of Class A Common
Stock are entitled to one vote per share; and (ii) the shares of Class B
Common Stock are convertible into Class A Common Stock at the option of
the holder and, with limited exceptions, upon the transfer thereof.
Following the reclassification, there were 30 million shares of Class A
Common Stock and 5 million shares of Class B Common Stock authorized for
issuance. All references in the financial statements to the number of
shares and per share amounts of the Company's common stock have been
retroactively restated to reflect the increased number of common shares
outstanding.
10. STOCK OPTION PLANS
The Company has two stock option plans which reserve shares of Class A
Common Stock for officers, employees, consultants and advisors of the
Company (the "Employee Plan") and for its non-employee directors (the
"Directors Plan"). Under the Employee Plan, the Option Committee of the
Board of Directors may grant options to Company employees for up to
325,000 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock. The options
generally have a maximum life of seven years and are generally exercisable
in installments of 25% per year on each of the first through the fourth
anniversaries of the grant date. Under the Directors Plan, the Company may
grant options to its non-employee directors for up to 125,000 shares of
the Company's Class A Common Stock. Non-employee directors are each
awarded options to purchase 2,000 shares upon their election to the Board
of Directors. In addition, commencing on January 1, 1998, each
non-employee director receives a grant of 2,000 stock options on January 1
of each year he continues to serve on the Board. The director options
become exercisable on the first anniversary of the grant date and their
maximum life is ten years.
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant
using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following
weighted-average assumptions.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Expected life (years) 3.8 3.6
Expected volatility 30.1% 30.4%
Risk free interest rate 6.0% 6.2%
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0%
</TABLE>
43
<PAGE> 44
Activity related to the Company's two stock option plans is summarized as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
--------------------------- ---------------------------
Weighted Avg. Weighted Avg.
Shares exercise price Shares exercise-price
-------- -------------- ------ ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Options outstanding as of January 1 178,500 $ 13.48 - $ -
Granted 105,700 8.66 179,100 13.48
Forfeited (55,700) 12.72 (600) 13.50
-------- --------
Options outstanding as of December 31 228,500 $ 11.39 178,500 $ 13.48
======== ========
Options exercisable as of December 31 39,950 -
Weighted-average fair value of options
granted during the year $ 2.78 $ 4.23
======== ========
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
at December 31, 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
-------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------
Number Weighted average Weighted Number Weighted
Range of outstanding at remaining average exercisable at average
exercises prices Dec. 31, 1997 contractual life exercise price Dec. 31, 1997 exercise price
- ---------------- ------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------ --------------
<C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$7.00 to $10.12 98,400 6.59 $ 8.62 - $ -
$10.50 to $13.50 130,100 6.00 13.48 39,950 13.49
$7.00 to $13.50 228,500 6.27 11.39 39,950 13.49
</TABLE>
The fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 1997
and 1996 was $213,000 and $558,000, respectively, which is being amortized
as compensation expense over the vesting period. Compensation expense of
$295,000 and $53,000 and $0 was recorded for the years ended December 31,
1997 and 1996 and for the period from August 28, 1995 (inception) to
December 31, 1995, respectively.
11. INCOME TAXES
Deferred income taxes in the accompanying consolidated statement of
financial position includes the following amounts of deferred tax assets
and liabilities at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively:
44
<PAGE> 45
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred expenses $ (487,000) $ (330,000)
Other (76,000) (8,000)
------------- -------------
Total $ (563,000) $ (338,000)
============= =============
Deferred tax assets:
Operating loss carryforwards $ 4,386,000 $ 2,446,000
Deferred revenue 2,165,000 648,000
Compensation cost 135,000 20,000
Other 123,000 129,000
------------- -------------
Total 6,809,000 3,243,000
------------- -------------
Valuation allowance (6,246,000) (2,905,000)
------------- -------------
Net deferred tax asset (liability) $ - $ -
============= =============
</TABLE>
For income tax purposes, as of December 31, 1997, the Company had
accumulated net operating loss carryforwards of $11,542,000 which begin to
expire in the year 2010.
During the year ended December 31, 1997, the Company increased the
valuation allowance by $3.3 million due to the uncertainty of the
realizability of net deferred tax assets.
The following is a reconciliation of the statutory rate to the effective
rate of the Company at December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1996
---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Statutory federal rate 34% 34%
Statutory state rate less federal effect 4 4
Effect of income not subject to tax (1) (1)
Change in valuation allowance (37) (37)
----- -----
Effective tax rate -% -
===== =====
</TABLE>
45
<PAGE> 46
12. COMMITMENTS
The Company, as part of the Microtel Agreement, is required to fulfill
certain obligations under such Agreement. These include the following:
- To execute franchise agreements and to have open or under
development the following number of Microtel hotels each December,
annually:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR NUMBER OF HOTELS
---- ----------------
<S> <C>
1997 50
1998 100
1999 175
2000 250
</TABLE>
- The above development schedule is considered to have been complied
with unless such schedule is not met for two consecutive years. If
75% of the development level has been met, a fee of $1,000,000 may
be paid and upon such payment, the Company will be deemed to be in
compliance with such schedule.
- Hudson will retain the right to receive franchise application fees
and all franchise royalty payments under existing agreements at
October 5, 1995 or under agreements for which franchise applications
had been received as of October 5, 1995, except for reservation and
marketing fees, which are retained by the Company.
- As part of the Microtel Acquisition, Hudson retained the right to
franchise and to receive royalties on sixty franchises either issued
or which may be issued in the future to Hudson, its affiliates and
certain other persons. For each new franchise other than the sixty
issued or which may be issued to Hudson, its affiliates and such
other persons, the Company is required to remit to Hudson a
continuing monthly royalty equal to 1.0% of the revenues subject to
royalties on the first 100 Microtel properties opened by the
Company's franchisees, 0.75% for the next 150 Microtel properties,
and 0.5% for each new property after the first 250 properties.
If any of the above obligations are not met, including the payment of
amounts due to Hudson (see Note 6), all of the rights to the Microtel
system will, at Hudson's discretion, revert back to Hudson. In the event
Hudson exercises its rights to the Microtel system, the Company, through
Microtel will retain the rights to any franchise royalty payments due
under franchises granted by the Company and its subsidiary, less certain
processing fees due to Hudson.
Pursuant to the Hawthorn Agreement which was in place on December 31,
1997, the Company was required to fulfill certain obligations and was
subject to certain restrictions during 1997. The impact of these
restrictions has been negated pursuant to the series of transactions,
completed on March 12,1998, which enabled it to acquire the entire
interest in the Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels. (see Note 15 for
Subsequent Events relating to the Hawthorn Agreement).
46
<PAGE> 47
The Company has employment agreements with its Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer. The agreements are for a ten year term expiring
on September 30, 2005 and provide minimum salary levels and other fringe
benefits.
13. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA - (UNAUDITED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH TOTAL YEAR
---- ----- ------ ----- ------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue $ 545,000 $ 892,000 $ 1,176,000 $ 1,335,000 $ 3,948,000
Loss from operations 2,418,000 2,069,000 2,028,000 1,913,000 8,428,000
Net loss 2,515,000 2,174,000 2,181,000 2,077,000 8,947,000
Loss applicable to common
stockholders 2,515,000 2,174,000 2,181,000 2,077,000 8,947,000
Weighted average shares outstanding 12,580,395 12,580,395 12,541,405 12,552,891 12,563,772
Net loss applicable to common
stockholders per share-basic $ 0.20 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.17 $ 0.71
============ =========== =========== =========== ===========
<CAPTION>
1996 FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH TOTAL YEAR
---- ----- ------ ----- ------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenue $ 31,000 $ 364,000 $ 469,000 $ 428,000 $ 1,292,000
Loss from operations 1,537,000 1,917,000 1,888,000 1,994,000 7,336,000
Net loss 1,398,000 1,797,000 1,718,000 1,678,000 6,591,000
Loss applicable to common
stockholders 1,817,000 2,216,000 2,158,000 2,118,000 8,309,000
Weighted average shares outstanding 10,755,409 10,755,409 10,755,409 11,059,576 11,059,576
Net loss applicable to common
stockholders per share-basic(a)(b) $ 0.17 $ 0.21 $ 0.20 $ 0.19 $ 0.75
============ =========== =========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
(a) All per share information presented has been retroactively adjusted
to reflect the stock splits discussed in Note 9.
(b) Due to the changes in the numbers of shares outstanding, quarterly
per share amounts do not add to the total for the year.
14. PROPOSED ACQUISITION
On December 15, 1997 the Company signed a definitive agreement with the seller
(the "Seller") to acquire the exclusive worldwide franchise rights to the Best
Inns and Best Suites of America hotel brands (collectively "Best" hotels). In
addition, the Company will acquire the assets of the company that provides
fee-based management services to twenty-eight existing Best hotels. Immediately
following the proposed transaction, the Company will assume, or enter into,
franchise agreements for each of the thirty-four existing Best properties and
management agreements for twenty-eight existing Best properties. In connection
with this acquisition, the Company expects to complete the following
transactions with Highend Hospitality Partners, LLC (the "Third Party Buyer"),
if the Third Party Buyer agrees to acquire from the Seller seventeen Best
hotels, although the Company and the Third Party Buyer have not yet entered into
definitive documentation: (i) the Company expects to make a $5,000,000
subordinated loan at an interest rate of 12% per annum to, or a $5,000,000
equity investment in, the Third Party Buyer, (ii) the Company expects to issue
to the Third Party Buyer 200,000 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company
at a cash price per share equal to $8.00 (the closing price of the
47
<PAGE> 48
Company's Class A Common Stock on December 15, 1997), and (iii) the Company
expects to issue an additional 150,000 shares of Class A Common Stock (or
Company Class A Common Stock, as the case may be) to the Third Party Buyer for
no additional cash consideration, making its total holdings an aggregate of
350,000 shares of Class A Common Stock of the Company. The Company expects to
issue such additional shares in lieu of issuing, as originally requested by the
Third Party Buyer, a warrant to acquire a greater number of shares of Class A
Common Stock of the Company. No officer, director or, to the best of the
Company's knowledge, 5% or greater shareholder of the Company is a partner,
officer or director of the Third Party Buyer. The Company expects to extend the
loan to, or make the investment in, the Third Party Buyer and to issue the
shares to the Third Party Buyer in order to induce it to purchase from the
Seller seventeen of the existing Best hotels, which is a condition to the
Company's ability to acquire the assets it proposes to acquire in the
transaction. The Seller has imposed this condition because it wishes to sell all
of its Best hotels assets, but the Company wished only to purchase the franchise
rights and management service company assets. The transaction is subject to the
Company's completion to its satisfaction of its due diligence review, the
execution and delivery of definitive documentation by the Company and the Third
Party Buyer, and other customary conditions and no assurances can be made that
the transaction will be completed or that it will be completed on the foregoing
terms.
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Hawthorn Acquisition. On March 12, 1998, USFS, USFS Hawthorn, Inc. ("USH"),
Hawthorn Suites Associates ("HSA") and HSA Properties, Inc. ("HPI) completed a
series of transactions whereby all of the ownership interests of HSA Properties
LLC ("HSA LLC"), a joint venture among USFS, HPI and HSA which owns an interest
in the Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels, were contributed to USH in return for
the issuance of shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share ("USH
Class A Common Stock") of USH, and USFS merged into USH. Pursuant to these
transactions, HSI and HPI received 22,477 and 2,199,775 shares of Class A Common
Stock, respectively. In addition, the holders of Class A Common Stock of USFS
and Class B Common Stock of USFS received an equivalent number of USH Class A
Common Stock and Class B Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, as applicable.
Prior to these transactions, USFS and HSA LLC were parties to a Master Franchise
Agreement dated as of March 27, 1996 (the "Hawthorn Acquisition Agreement"),
pursuant to which USFS acquired the exclusive worldwide rights to franchise and
to control the development and operation of the Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels.
The Hawthorn Acquisition Agreement required that a percentage of royalties
received by USFS from the franchising of Hawthorn Suites Hotels be remitted to
HSA LLC and also contained certain restrictions on USFS's operations and imposed
standards relating to the development of the Hawthorn Suites brand of hotels.
The merger of USFS with and into USH permitted the surviving entity (renamed
"U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc.") to acquire all of the trademarks, copyrights and
other intellectual property related to the Hawthorn Suites hotel brand and as a
related consequence, eliminated the aforementioned royalty payments and
restrictive provisions previously governed by the Hawthorn Acquisition
Agreement.
Establishment of Development Fund. On March 17, 1998, NorthStar Constellation,
LLC (together with its affiliates, "NorthStar"), Lubert-Adler Real Estate
Opportunity Funds (together with its affiliates, "Lubert-Adler") and
Constellation Equity Corp., an entity controlled by NorthStar ("Constellation"),
formed Constellation Development Fund (the "Development Fund"). NorthStar,
Lubert-Adler and Constellation will contribute to the Development Fund equity
totaling $50 million, and will arrange debt financing for an additional $50
million in the form of a senior credit facility with a commercial bank.
48
<PAGE> 49
In connection with the establishment of the Development Fund, the Company has
made a $10 million loan to Constellation, which will use the funds to make a
subordinated investment in the Development Fund. The loan bears interest at an
annual rate of 8%, is non-recourse and is repayable from distributions and
payments made to Constellation from the Development Fund.
In connection with the establishment of the Development Fund, the Company sold
an aggregate of 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock to NorthStar and
Lubert-Adler for $5.6 million. NorthStar and Lubert-Adler also have the right to
purchase up to an additional 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, exercisable
on a pro-rata basis within eighteen months of the commitment of the Development
Fund's capital, at a price of $11.25 per share. In addition, David T. Hamamoto
was elected to the Board of Directors of the Company. Mr. Hamamoto is the
Co-Chief Executive Officer of NorthStar.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.
There have been no disagreements on accounting and financial disclosure matters
which are required to be described by Item 304 of Regulation S-K.
PART III
Items 10, 11, 12, and 13 to be furnished by amendment hereto on or prior to
April 30, 1998 or the Company will otherwise have filed a definitive Proxy
Statement involving the election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A which
will contain such information.
PART IV
ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
(A) 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:
See Table of Contents to Financial Statements ("Item 8. Financial Statements and
Supplementary Data").
2. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES:
No schedules are included with this Report, as they are not applicable or the
information required to be set forth therein is included in the consolidated
financial statements or notes thereto.
3. EXHIBITS: The following exhibits are filed with or incorporated by
reference into this Report. Except as otherwise indicated, the exhibit number
corresponds to the exhibit number in the referenced document.
49
<PAGE> 50
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 9, 1997, between U.S.
Franchise Systems, Inc. and USFS Hawthorn, Inc. (incorporated by
reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4
(Registration No. 333-46185)).
2.2 Contribution Agreement, dated December 9, 1997, among Hawthorn Suites
Associates, HSA Properties, Inc., USFS Hawthorn, Inc. and U.S. Franchise
Systems, Inc. (incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-46185)).
3.1 Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No.
333-46185)).
3.2 By-laws (incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-46185)).
4.2 Form of 10% Subordinated Debenture due September 29, 2007 (incorporated
by reference to Exhibit A to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-11427)).
4.3 Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference
from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No.
333-46185)).
4.4 Specimen Class B Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference
from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No.
333-46185)).
10.1 Form of License Agreement for Microtel brand hotels (incorporated by
reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.2 Form of License Agreement for Hawthorn Suites brand hotels (incorporated
by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.3 Joint Venture Agreement between Microtel Franchise and Development
Corporation and U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. dated as of September 7,
1995 (incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.4 Master Franchise Agreement between HSA Properties, L.L.C. and U.S.
Franchise Systems, Inc. dated as of March 27, 1996 (incorporated by
reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.5 Amended and Restated Stockholders' Agreement, dated as of September 29,
1995, as amended on October 11, 1996, among the Company and the Original
Investors (incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-11427)).
</TABLE>
50
<PAGE> 51
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
10.6 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Agreement between U.S.
Franchise Systems, Inc. and Michael A. Leven, entered into as of
September 29, 1995, as amended effective October 24, 1996 (incorporated
by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.7 Amended and Restated Employee Stock Purchase Agreement between U.S.
Franchise Systems, Inc. and Neal K. Aronson, entered into as of
September 29, 1995, as amended effective October 24, 1996 (incorporated
by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.8 Employment Agreement by and between U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. and
Michael A. Leven, dated October 1, 1995 (incorporated by reference from
the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No.
333-11427)).
10.9 Employment Agreement by and between U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. and
Neal K. Aronson, dated October 1, 1995 (incorporated by reference from
the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No.
333-11427)).
10.10 Voting Agreement between Michael A. Leven and Andrea Leven entered into
on October 30, 1996 (incorporated by reference from the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.11 Voting Agreement between Michael A. Leven and Neal K. Aronson entered
into on October 30, 1996 (incorporated by reference from the Company's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.12 Office Lease Agreement between Hallwood Real Estate Investors Fund XV
and U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc., dated September 25, 1995 (incorporated
by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.13 First Amendment to Office Lease between Hallwood 95, L.P. and U.S.
Franchise Systems, Inc., dated May 20, 1996 (incorporated by reference
from the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No.
333-11427)).
10.14 U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 1996 Stock Option Plan
(incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on From 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996).
10.15 U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. 1996 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee
Directors (incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-11427)).
10.16 Term Sheet, dated May 14, 1996, between the Company and NACC regarding
the Franchise Financing Facility (incorporated by reference from the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No.
333-11427)).
</TABLE>
51
<PAGE> 52
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
10.17 Voting Agreement between Michael A. Leven and Andrea Leven entered into
on March 12, 1998 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.11 to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No.
333-46185)).
10.18 Voting Agreement between Michael A. Leven and Neal K. Aronson entered
into on March 12, 1998 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.13 to
the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No.
333-46185)).
10.19 Sublease Agreement by and among Unocal Corporation, DBA Union Oil Co. of
California, U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. and Hallwood 95, L.P., dated
July 25, 1997 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.16 to the
Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No.
333-46185)).
10.20 Addendum to Sublease by and among Union Oil Company of California d/b/a
Unocal, U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. and Hallwood Real Estate Investors
Fund XV, dated July 25, 1997 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit
10.17 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration
No. 333-46185)).
10.21 Agreement of Purchase and Sale between America's Best Inns, Inc. and The
Other Selling Entities Listed on Schedule I thereto and Best
Acquisition, Inc., dated December 15, 1997. The Registrant agrees to
furnish copies of the schedules hereto supplementally to the Commission
on request (incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration
Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-46185)).
10.22* Promissory Note, dated March 18, 1998, from Constellation Equity Corp.
to the Registrant in the principal amount of $10 million.
10.23* Management Services Agreement, dated March 17, 1998, between the
Registrant and Constellation Development Fund LLC.
21.1* List of Subsidiaries of U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc.
23.1* Consent of Deloitte & Touche, LLP.
27.1* Financial Data Schedule for the year ended December 31, 1997, submitted
to the Securities and Exchange Commission in electronic format.
</TABLE>
* Filed herewith.
Copies of the exhibits are available at a charge of $.25 per page upon written
request to the Secretary of the Company at 13 Corporate Square, Suite 250,
Atlanta, Georgia 30329.
(B) REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
During the period from October 1, 1997 to December 31, 1997 the Company filed
the following reports on Form 8-K: Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 9,
1997.
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<PAGE> 53
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirement of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc.
(Registrant)
By /s/ Michael A. Leven
----------------------------------------
Michael A. Leven
Chairman of the Board, President
and Chief Executive Officer
Dated March 23, 1998
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below on March 23, 1998 by the following persons on behalf of
the Registrant in the capacities indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLES
- --------- ------
<S> <C>
/s/ Michael A. Leven Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
- ---------------------------------- (Principal Executive Officer)
(Michael A. Leven)
/s/ Neal K. Aronson Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
- ---------------------------------- Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
(Neal K. Aronson)
/s/ Dean Adler
- ----------------------------------
(Dean Adler) Director
/s/ Irwin Chafetz
- ----------------------------------
(Irwin Chafetz) Director
/s/ Doug Geoga
- ----------------------------------
(Doug Geoga) Director
/s/ Richard D. Goldstein
- ----------------------------------
(Richard D. Goldstein) Director
/s/ David T. Hamamoto
- ----------------------------------
(David T. Hamamoto) Director
/s/ Steve Romaniello
- ----------------------------------
(Steve Romaniello) Director
/s/ Jeffrey A. Sonnenfeld
- ----------------------------------
(Jeffrey A. Sonnenfeld) Director
/s/ Barry Sternlicht
- ----------------------------------
(Barry Sternlicht) Director
</TABLE>
53
<PAGE> 54
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
10.22 Promissory Note, dated March 18, 1998, from Constellation Equity Corp.
to the Registrant in the principal amount of $10 million.
10.23 Management Services Agreement, dated March 17, 1998, between the
Registrant and Constellation Development Fund LLC.
21.1 List of Subsidiaries of U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc.
23.1 Consent of Deloitte & Touche, LLP.
27.1 Financial Data Schedule for the year ended December 31, 1997, submitted
to the Securities and Exchange Commission in electronic format.
</TABLE>
54
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.22
PROMISSORY NOTE
$10,000,000 MARCH 18, 1998
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, CONSTELLATION EQUITY CORP., a Delaware corporation
(hereinafter referred to as "Maker") promises to pay to the order of U.S.
FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter referred to as
"Holder"), at Payee's office at 13 Corporate Square, Atlanta, Georgia 30329 or
at such other place as the Holder hereof may designate from time to time, the
principal sum of Ten Million and 00/100ths Dollars ($10,000,000), or so much
thereof as may be outstanding from time to time, together with interest on so
much of the principal balance of this Note as may be outstanding and unpaid from
time to time, at the rate hereinafter set forth, in lawful money of the United
States of America, such principal and said interest to be paid as set forth
below. If not repaid earlier as provided below, all remaining outstanding
principal shall be payable in full no later than August 1, 2005 (the "Maturity
Date").
The outstanding principal indebtedness hereunder shall accrue interest
at a rate per annum of eight percent (8.0%) and shall be computed based on the
actual number of days elapsed over a year of 360 days.
In accordance with the provisions below, each payment of this Note
shall be applied, first, to unpaid interest accrued through the date of such
payment, then to the Income Participation (as defined below), and finally to
repayment of the principal balance.
Maker agrees that until all amounts payable hereunder to Holder are
paid in full, all distributions and payments, net of taxes, if any, owed by
Maker on such distributions and payments (collectively, "Fund Payments")
distributed to Maker pursuant to that certain Operating Agreement of
Constellation Development Fund L.L.C., dated as of March 17, 1998, among
NorthStar Constellation, L.L.C., Lubert-Adler Real Estate Opportunity Fund,
L.P., Lubert-Adler Real Estate Opportunity Fund II, L.P., Lubert-Adler Capital
Opportunity Fund, L.P. and Maker (as such Operating Agreement may hereafter be
amended or modified, hereinafter referred to as the "Development Fund
Agreement"), shall be used solely to pay to Holder the amounts due hereunder in
the following manner and order of priority:
(i) Any Fund Payments received by Maker shall be paid to Holder in
respect of the applicable interest, Income Participation amounts or principal
within ten (10) days of receipt by Maker of any Fund Payments under the
Development Fund Agreement;
(ii) Fund Payments shall first be applied to pay accrued interest on
this Note;
(iii) After repayment of all then accrued interest, the remaining
balance of Fund Payments shall be paid to Holder as an income participation in
the Fund Payments received by Maker up to an amount that will enable Holder to
receive through the earlier of the Maturity Date or the date that all principal
hereunder is paid in full a total net rate of return on the outstanding
principal balance of this Note of thirty percent (30%) per annum (the "Income
Participation"). For purposes of calculating the amount of the Income
Participation, (a) the thirty percent (30%) rate per annum shall be calculated
based on actual days elapsed over a year of 360 days, and (b) Maker shall be
given credit in determining the Income Participation for the eight percent (8%)
interest payable hereunder; and
55
<PAGE> 2
(iv) After payment of the Income Participation, the remaining balance
of Fund Payments shall be applied to repayment of principal outstanding
hereunder.
Time is of the essence with respect to all of Maker's obligations and
agreements under this Note.
The failure of Maker to pay any Fund Payments received by Maker toward
the required interest, principal or Income Participation payments when due
hereunder, shall entitle Holder, at its sole option, after ten (10) days' prior
written notice to Maker and the failure of Maker to cure such default within
such ten (10) day period, to declare the then outstanding principal balance of
this Note together with all accrued interest and any unpaid Income Participation
thereon to be, and the same shall thereupon become, immediately due and payable,
and Holder may proceed to collect such obligations forthwith, plus all costs of
collection, including reasonable attorneys' fees if collected by and through an
attorney. It is further agreed that failure of Holder to exercise this option or
indulgence granted from time to time shall in no event be considered a waiver of
such option or estop Holder from exercising such option. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in the event of any default by Maker hereunder Holder's sole recourse
against Maker for failure to pay the amounts due under this Note shall be
limited to all of Maker's right, title and interest in the Fund Payments, which
in the event of any default hereunder shall be due and payable to Holder.
To the extent permitted by law, any interest not paid when due
hereunder shall be added to the unpaid principal balance of Maker's indebtedness
hereunder, which additional amount shall thereafter accrue interest at the rate
per annum provided herein.
Maker agrees that it will promptly provide to Holder a true, correct
and complete copy of any and all notices (a "Notice") provided or sent to Maker
pursuant to the Development Fund Agreement. Copies of any and all such Notices
shall be sent to Holder at the address of Holder provided for in the first
paragraph of this Note. Maker further agrees that if the subject matter of any
Notice provided or sent to Maker could reasonably be expected to affect the
payments under the Note or give rise to any consent or approval or other rights
under Article XIV of the Development Fund Agreement, the Maker agrees that it
will act with respect to such matters only at the express written direction of
the Holder. For purposes of clarification, it is agreed by Maker that if Holder
notifies Maker in writing that the subject matter of any such Notice in the
opinion of Holder could reasonably be expected to affect the payments under the
Note or give rise to any consent or approval or other rights under Article XIV
of the Development Fund Agreement, then the subject matter of the Notice shall
presumptively be deemed to meet such standard and Maker affirms that it will act
with respect to such matters only at the express written direction of the
Holder.
In no contingency or event whatsoever, whether by reason of advancement
of the proceeds hereof or otherwise, shall the amount paid or agreed to be paid
to Holder for the use, forbearance or detention of money advanced hereunder
exceed the highest lawful rate permissible under any law which a court of
competent jurisdiction may deem applicable hereto; and, in the event any such
payment is inadvertently paid by Maker or inadvertently received by Holder, such
excess sum shall be, at Maker's option, returned to Maker forthwith or credited
as a payment of principal, but shall not be applied to the payment of interest.
It is the intent hereof that Maker not pay or contract to pay, and that Holder
not receive or contract to receive, directly or indirectly in any manner
whatsoever, interest in excess of that which may be paid by Maker under
applicable law.
MAKER, FOR ITSELF AND ITS SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS AND ALL OTHER PERSONS
LIABLE FOR THE PAYMENT OF THIS NOTE, WAIVES PRESENTMENT FOR PAYMENT, DEMAND,
PROTEST, AND NOTICE OF DEMAND, DISHONOR, PROTEST, AND
56
<PAGE> 3
NONPAYMENT, AND CONSENTS TO ANY AND ALL RENEWALS, EXTENSIONS OR MODIFICATIONS
THAT MIGHT BE MADE BY HOLDER AS TO THE TIME OF PAYMENT OF THIS NOTE FROM TIME TO
TIME.
This Note shall be governed by the laws of the State of Georgia
(excluding conflict of laws provisions).
Holder shall not be deemed to waive any of its rights unless such
waiver be in writing and signed by Holder. No delay or omission by Holder in
exercising any of its rights shall operate as a waiver of such rights and a
waiver in writing on one occasion shall not be construed as a consent to or a
waiver of any right or remedy on any future occasion.
The word "Holder" as used herein shall include transferees, successors
and assigns of Holder, and all rights of Holder hereunder shall inure to the
benefit of its transferees, successors and assigns. All obligations of Maker
shall bind its transferees, successors, heirs, personal representatives and
assigns.
SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED by the undersigned as of the day
and year first above set forth.
CONSTELLATION EQUITY CORP.
By: /s/ Adam J. Anhang
----------------------------------
Title: Vice President
-------------------------------
57
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 10.23
MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT
MANAGEMENT SERVICES AGREEMENT dated as of March 17, 1998 (this
"Agreement") between U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation
("USFS"), and Constellation Development Fund LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company (the "Fund").
The Fund desires for USFS to provide certain ongoing
management and advisory services to the Fund, and USFS is willing to provide
such services subject to the terms and conditions contained herein. Capitalized
terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth
for such terms in the Fund's Operating Agreement made and entered into as of the
date hereof by and among the members of the Fund (the "Operating Agreement").
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration, the
receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as
follows:
Section 1. Identification of Projects. USFS shall have the
responsibility of identifying Projects described in Section 2.3(a) of the
Operating Agreement and locating an independent third-party developer for each
Project who will oversee the construction or renovation of the Project. In
connection with each proposed Project, USFS shall prepare and submit to the
Board a written investment analysis (the "Investment Memorandum") for such
Project which contains all of the following information:
(a) A detailed statement of estimated sources and uses of
funds for the Project, including the terms of debt and equity securities to be
issued by the Project LLC.
(b) Written certification of USFS, with supporting
biographical information and project histories which support such certification,
that the Independent Developer (i) is or was affiliated with a Person with whom
USFS had successful business experience, or (ii) is otherwise known to USFS or
its management as a reputable developer.
(c) Factors which establish that the subject property is
located in a market which presents an opportunity for growing demand for hotel
rooms and/or relatively limited hotel room supply, including a feasibility study
for the Project issued by an independent third party consultant selected by USFS
which indicates (i) that the Project is expected to provide an Internal Rate of
Return of at least twenty-five percent (25%) or more on the Fund's total
investment (i.e., debt and equity) based on an eleven percent (11%)
capitalization rate and assuming a sale of the Project no sooner than
twenty-four (24) months from the time that a certificate of occupancy is granted
for the Project, and (ii) the Project is expected to provide a minimum annual
return on cost of thirteen and one-half percent (13.5%) for the second year of
operation.
(e) An environmental report for the Project issued by an
independent environmental consultant, which shall be satisfactory to USFS.
(f) A copy of a contractor's bid specifying the construction
costs for the Project on a fixed-price contract.
58
<PAGE> 2
Within four (4) business days after its receipt of such Investment Memorandum,
the Board shall provide written notice to USFS of any information (i) required
to be included in the Investment Memorandum but which was omitted therefrom, or
(ii) which does not comply with the requirements set forth herein. Promptly upon
receipt of such notice, USFS shall amend the Investment Memorandum to cure such
deficiencies and shall obtain the written acknowledgment of the Board of USFS's
cure of such deficiencies. If such notice is not provided to USFS within four
(4) business days after receipt by the Board of the Investment Memorandum, then
the Investment Memorandum shall be deemed approved.
Section 2. Approval of Projects. The Manager appointed by Newco shall
have the right, acting reasonably and in good faith, to approve Microtel
Projects meeting the requirements of Sections 2.7 and 2.8 of the Operating
Agreement. Upon approval of any Project by the Fund pursuant to Section 2.9 of
the Operating Agreement, USFS shall issue to the Independent Developer, on
behalf of the Fund, a commitment letter evidencing the Fund's commitment to
provide equity and debt funding to the Project on the terms described in the
Investment Memorandum and, upon request by USFS, the Fund shall make a capital
call to the Members pursuant to Article III of the Operating Agreement to fund
the Fund's investment in such Project.
Section 3. Financial Reports. USFS shall cause to be prepared (i) as of
the end of each Fiscal Year of the Fund, (ii) as of the date of dissolution of
the Fund, and (iii) as of such additional dates as the Managers may direct, in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied,
appropriate financial statements showing the assets, liabilities, capital,
profits, expenses, losses, and recovered and unrecovered capital expenditures of
the Fund and a statement showing all amounts credited and debited to each
Member's Capital Account and of each Member's distributive share, for federal
income tax purposes, of income, gains, deductions, losses, and credits (or items
thereof) arising out of Fund operations, as required by law, and a further
statement reconciling any difference between the Member's respective Capital
Accounts as shown in such financial statements and their Capital Accounts as
determined in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. A copy of each
such report shall be delivered to each Member within 90 days after each such
applicable date.
Section 4. Other Reports. USFS shall cause to be prepared and
distributed to the Members the following reports:
(a) Weekly. On each Tuesday before 12 noon EST, an update
of significant events from the prior week;
(b) Monthly. Within the earlier of (i) 30 days following the
end of the each month or (ii) 15 days after receiving the information necessary
to prepare such reports, a:
- Revenue and expense report.
- Cash flow and sources and uses report and
cash requirements update
- Project update reports.
- Permit, insurance, and entitlement status
report.
- Debt financing status report.
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<PAGE> 3
(c) Quarterly. Within 30 days following the end of each
quarter, including the end of the fourth quarter, unaudited financial statements
consisting of a balance sheet, income statement (comparing actual to budget with
variance explanations and revised cash requirements projections), and cash flow
sources and uses.
(d) Annually. Within 90 days after the end of each Fiscal
Year, financial statements consisting of a balance sheet income statement and
cash flow statement, all audited by the Fund Accountant.
(e) Other. Such other financial statements, budgets, plans and
schedules as are from time to time reasonably requested by any Member.
In addition, USFS shall use reasonable, commercial efforts promptly to
advise and inform the Members of any transaction, notice, event or proposal of
which it becomes aware which it believes does or is likely to affect
significantly, either adversely or favorably, the Fund.
Section 5. Covenant of USFS. USFS hereby covenants that it will use its
best efforts to cause David T. Hamamoto of NorthStar to be elected to USFS's
board of directors after the execution of this Agreement.
Section 6. USFS Compensation. In calendar years 1998 and 1999 the Fund
shall pay USFS a management services fee equal to 2% of the total Commitments.
Based on Commitments of $50,000,000, the management services fee will equal One
Million Dollars ($1,000,000) in 1998 and 1999. In calendar years 2000, 2001 and
2002, the Fund shall pay USFS a management services fee equal to one percent
(1%) of the total Commitments. Based on Commitments of $50,000,000, the
management services fee will equal Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) in
calendar years 2000, 2001 and 2002. Thereafter the Fund shall pay USFS a
management services fee equal to twenty five basis points (0.25%) of the total
value of the Fund's equity investment in any Project LLC in which the Fund is a
Member (assuming that the fair market value of a Project equals the cost of the
Project). The management services fees shall be paid to USFS in arrears in equal
quarterly amounts on March 20, June 20, September 20, and December 20 of each
year. At the end of each such calendar year, USFS agrees that if its management
services fee for such year as set forth above is greater than the amount of the
fee if the fee was based on the amount of funds committed by the Fund to
Projects rather than the amount of total Commitments, such excess fees shall
reduce the amount of distributions that Newco is entitled to receive under
Section 5.1(b) of the Operating Agreement by the amount of such excess.
Section 7. Key Man Life Insurance. The Fund shall have the right to
require Michael Leven and Neal Aronson to apply for key man life insurance up to
the amount of $10 million and $5 million, respectively, with the premiums
therefor to be paid by the Fund and USFS shall cause each to take all actions
reasonably requested by an insurer in providing such policies.
Section 8. Right of First Refusal. USFS hereby grants to NorthStar and
Adler a right of first refusal to provide or raise funds in connection with the
Business or the funding of any other entity created by USFS which is similar to
the Business of the Fund ("Additional Investments"). USFS shall give written
notice to NorthStar and Adler of the proposed Additional Investments together
with a term sheet setting forth in reasonable detail the terms of such
Additional Investments (the "Offer Notice"). NorthStar and Adler shall have 45
days from the date of receipt of the Offer Notice to accept or decline the
Additional Investments. If accepted, the parties shall use reasonable efforts to
consummate the
60
<PAGE> 4
Additional Investments. If NorthStar and Adler reject the Offer Notice, USFS may
seek Additional Investments from a third party on terms no less favorable to
USFS as those in the Offer Notice, provided that such transaction closes within
the earlier of (i) 45 days after the rejection of the Offer Notice or (ii) the
lapse of time to respond to the Offer Notice.
Section 9. Indemnification.
(a) General. The Fund, its receiver, or its trustee (in the
case of its receiver or trustee, to the extent of the Property) shall indemnify
and save harmless, USFS and any officers, employees, managers, members,
stockholders or directors (each, an "Indemnitee") relating to any losses,
claims, demands, costs, damages, liabilities, expenses of any nature (including
reasonable attorneys' fees and disbursements), judgments, fines, settlements,
and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits, or
proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative, in which such
Indemnitee may be involved, or threatened to be involved, as a party or
otherwise, by reason of any act performed or omitted to be performed by such
Indemnitee in connection with this Agreement, including all such liabilities
under federal and state securities laws (including the Securities Act of 1933,
as amended) as permitted by law.
(b) Environmental. The Fund, its receiver, or its trustee (in
the case of its receiver or trustee, to the extent of the Property) shall
indemnify and hold harmless, to the maximum extent permitted by law, each
Indemnitee from and against any and all liabilities, sums paid in settlement of
claims (if such settlement is consented to by the Fund), obligations, charges,
actions (formal or informal), claims (including, without limitation, claims for
personal injury under any theory or for real or personal property damage),
liens, taxes, administrative proceedings, losses, damages (including, without
limitation, punitive damages), penalties, fines, court costs, administrative
service fees, response and remediation costs, stabilization costs, encapsulation
costs, treatment, storage or disposal costs, groundwater monitoring or
environmental study, sampling or monitoring costs, other causes of action, and
any other costs and reasonable expenses (including, without limitation,
reasonable attorneys, experts, and consultants' fees and disbursements and
investigating, laboratory, and data review fees) imposed upon or incurred by
USFS (whether or not indemnified against by any other party) arising from and
after the date of this Agreement directly or indirectly out of:
- the past, present, or future treatment, storage, disposal,
generation, use, transport, movement, presence, release, threatened release,
spill, installation, sale, emission, injection, leaching, dumping, escaping, or
seeping of any hazardous substances or material containing or alleged to contain
hazardous substances at or from any past, present, or future properties or
assets of the Fund; and/or
- the violation or alleged violation by the Fund or any
third party of any Environmental Laws with regard to the past, present, or
future ownership, operation, use, or occupying of any property or asset of the
Fund.
(c) Expenses incurred by an Indemnitee in defending any claim,
demand, action, suit, or proceeding subject to this Section 9 shall, from time
to time, be advanced by the Fund prior to the final disposition of such claim,
demand, action, suit, or proceeding upon receipt by the Fund of an undertaking
by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay such amounts if it is ultimately
determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified as authorized in
this Section 9. The indemnification provided by this Section 9 shall be in
addition to any other rights to which an Indemnitee may be entitled under any
agreement, consent of the Fund, as a matter of law or equity, or otherwise,
shall continue as to
61
<PAGE> 5
an Indemnitee who has ceased to serve in such capacity and shall inure to the
benefit of the heirs, successors, assigns and administrators of the Indemnitee.
Subject to the foregoing sentence, the provisions of this Section 9 are for the
benefit of the Indemnities and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the
benefit of any other persons.
(d) The debts, obligations, and liabilities of the Fund, whether
arising in contract, tort, or otherwise, shall be solely the debts, obligations,
and liabilities of the Fund, and no officer of USFS shall be obligated
personally for any such debt, obligation, or liability by reason of his or her
acting as a manager under this Agreement.
(e) USFS does not, in any way, guarantee the return of the Member's
Capital Contributions or a profit for the Members from the operations of the
Fund. USFS shall not be responsible to any Members because of a loss of their
investment in the Fund or a loss in the operations of the Fund, unless the loss
shall have been the result of the USFS' actual fraud, gross negligence, willful
misconduct, breach of fiduciary duty, or breach of this Agreement. Except as
expressly provided under this Agreement, USFS shall incur no liability to the
Fund or to any of the Members as a result of engaging in any other business or
venture.
Section 10. Confidentiality. All disclosures of trade secrets,
know-how, financial information, or other confidential information made by the
Fund to USFS or made by any Member of the Fund under or in connection with this
Agreement, shall be received and maintained in confidence by the recipient
during the term hereof and for three (3) years after dissolution of the Fund and
USFS shall treat all such trade secrets, know-how, financial information or
other confidential information as confidential except:
(a) as to the persons directly responsible for the performance of
the obligations of this Agreement and for the effective operation of the Fund;
(b) as to the professional advisers of the USFS and the Fund;
(c) as to such disclosures to customers of the Fund as are
necessary for the effective carrying on of business by the Fund;
(d) as to such information as is required by law to be disclosed by
USFS; and
(e) as to such information as is or may fall within the public
domain otherwise than in violation of the provisions of this Section 10.
Section 11. Duty of Care. Each Member will take such steps as lie
within its power to assure that all managers, officers and employees of USFS, to
whom confidential information is disclosed, take all proper precautions to
prevent the unauthorized disclosure and use of the confidential information
referenced in Section 11.
Section 12. Reimbursement. The Fund will pay, on a quarterly basis, all
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by USFS in connection with the
performance of its duties under this Agreement, excluding salaries and other
annual overhead expenses.
Section 13. Default Notice and Cure Period. The Fund shall give
reasonably prompt written notice to USFS of any default or breach hereof by USFS
specifying in reasonable detail such default or
62
<PAGE> 6
breach. USFS shall have 10 days from the receipt of such notice to cure such
default or breach prior to the Fund declaring a default or breach hereof and
pursuing any remedies it may have. If such default or breach is not susceptible
of cure within such 10 day period but is susceptible to cure, such 10 day period
shall be extended until such default or breach is cured so long as USFS
commences cure efforts within such 10 day period and continues to diligently
pursue such cure efforts thereafter.
Section 14. Notices. All notices and other communications required or
permitted to be given or made under this Agreement shall be given or made in
writing. Such notices shall be delivered by hand delivery, by telecopy, or
similar electronic means, by nationally recognized overnight courier, fees
prepaid, addressed as follows:
If to the Fund: c/o NorthStar Capital Partners, LLC
527 Madison Avenue, 17th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Attn: Adam Anhang
Fax: (212) 319-4557
with copies to: NorthStar Capital Partners, LLC
527 Madison Avenue, 17th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Attn: Adam Anhang
Fax: (212) 319-4557
Lubert-Adler Funds
101 West Main Street
Moorestown, NJ 08057
Attn: Dean Adler
Fax:
Klehr, Harrison, Harvey, Branzburg & Ellers LLP
1401 Walnut Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-3163
Attn: Leonard M. Klehr
Fax: (215) 568-6603
Brownstein Hyatt Farber & Strickland, P.C.
410 Seventeenth Street, 22nd Floor
Denver, Colorado 80202-4437
Attn: Norman Brownstein
Fax: (303) 623-1956
If to USFS: U. S. Franchise Systems, Inc.
13 Corporate Square, Suite 250
Atlanta, GA 30329
Attn: Neal Aronson
Fax: (404) 235-7448
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<PAGE> 7
with a copy to: Smith, Gambrell & Russell, LLP
1230 Peachtree Street, NE
Suite 3100, Promenade II
Atlanta, Georgia 30309-3592
Attn: Robert I. Paller
Fax: (404) 815-3509
Any party may change its address for the purpose of this section by
notice to the other given in the manner set forth above. Any such notice shall
be deemed given, when delivered if hand delivery, the business day sent if
telecopies, or the business day following deliver to a nationally recognized
overnight courier, if sent by courier.
Section 15. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and
interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware in a like
manner as an agreement made and wholly to be performed in the State of Delaware.
Section 16. Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall bind and
inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and
assigns.
Section 17. Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any
number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all
of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.
Section 18. Termination. Unless earlier terminated in writing by
the Fund and USFS, this Agreement shall terminate upon the dissolution of the
Fund in accordance with the Operating Agreement.
Section 19. Amendment. This Agreement may only be amended in
writing signed by the Fund and USFS.
* * * * *
64
<PAGE> 8
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement
as of the date first written above.
U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC.
By: /s/ Neal Aronson
--------------------------------
Name: Neal Aronson
Title: Executive Vice President
CONSTELLATION DEVELOPMENT FUND LLC
By: /s/ David T. Hamamoto
--------------------------------
David T. Hamamoto, Manager
By: /s/ Neal Aronson
--------------------------------
Neal Aronson, Manager
By: /s/ Dean Adler
--------------------------------
Dean Adler, Manager
65
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 21.1
LIST OF SUBSIDIARIES OF U.S. FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SUBSIDIARY STATE OF INCORPORATION/ORGANIZATION
- ---------- -----------------------------------
<S> <C>
Microtel Inns and Suites Franchising, Inc. Georgia
Hawthorn Suites Franchising, Inc. Georgia
Microtel Inns Realty Corp. Georgia
Microtel International, Inc. Georgia
U.S. Funding Corp. Georgia
U.S. Franchise Capital, Inc. Georgia
Equity Partners, LP Delaware
USFS Equity, LLC Delaware
Tempe Inns Realty Corp. Georgia
Chandler Inns Realty Corp. Georgia
Tempe Holdings, LLC Arizona
Chandler Holdings, LLC Arizona
HSA Properties, LLC Delaware
Best Acquisition, Inc. Georgia
USFS Management, Inc. Georgia
Best Franchising, Inc. Georgia
RSVP-BI OPCO, LLC Delaware
</TABLE>
66
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE, LLP
We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement No.
333-36629 of U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. on Form S-8 of our report dated
February 20, 1998 (March 17, 1998 as to Note 15), appearing in this Annual
Report on Form 10-K of U.S. Franchise Systems, Inc. for the year ended December
31, 1997.
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE, LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 27, 1998
67
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<LEGEND>
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM U.S.
FRANCHISE SYSTEMS, INC. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1997 AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
</LEGEND>
<MULTIPLIER> 1,000
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> DEC-31-1997
<PERIOD-START> JAN-01-1997
<PERIOD-END> DEC-31-1997
<CASH> 15,890
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 268
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 20,299
<PP&E> 5,735
<DEPRECIATION> 140
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 36,351
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 8,155
<BONDS> 19,412
0
0
<COMMON> 420<F1>
<OTHER-SE> 3,778
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 36,351
<SALES> 3,948
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 3,948
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 12,376
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 0
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 1,905
<INCOME-PRETAX> (8,947)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> (8,947)
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (8,947)
<EPS-PRIMARY> (0.71)<F2>
<EPS-DILUTED> (0.71)<F2>
<FN>
<F1>INCLUDES 3,128,473 SHARES OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK THAT ARE REDEEMABLE UNDER
CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES BY THE COMPANY FOR REASONS NOT UNDER THE COMPANY'S
CONTROL.
<F2>PER SHARE AMOUNTS ARE DETERMINED BY DIVIDING LOSS APPLICABLE TO COMMON
STOCKHOLDERS BY WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING. WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES
INCLUDE REDEEMABLE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING. LOSS APPLICABLE TO COMMON
STOCKHOLDERS REPRESENTS NET LOSS ADJUSTED FOR DIVIDENDS ACCRETED ON THE
REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK.
</FN>
</TABLE>
