U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-KSB
(Mark One)
_____Annual report under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 [Fee Required] for the fiscal year ended
January 31, 1997.
X____Transition report under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 [No Fee Required] for the transition period
from September 1, 1996 to May 31, 1997.
Commission File No: 0-21955
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
(Name of small business in its charter)
Colorado 84-1356427
__________________________________________________________
(State or other (IRS Employer Identification
jurisdiction of Incorporation) No.)
7331 S. Meadow Court
__________________________________________________________
Address of Principal Executive Office (street and number)
Boulder, Colorado 80301
__________________________________________________________
City, State and Zip Code
(Issuer's telephone number: (303)530-3353
Securities to be registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
__________________________________________________________
N/A
Securities to be registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, no par value
(Title of Class)
Class A Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
(Title of Class)
Class B Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
(Title of class)
Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act during the past 12
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days. Yes X No ____
Check if there is no disclosure of delinquent filers in response to Item
405 of Regulation S-B is not contained in this form, and no disclosure
will be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive
proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III
of this Form 10-KSB or any amendment to this Form 10-KSB. ___
State issuer's revenue for its most recent fiscal year: $ -0-
State the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-
affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the stock was
sold, or the average bid and asked priced of such stock, as of a
specified date within the past 60 days (See definition of affiliate in
Rule 12b-2): -0-
Note: If determining whether a person is an affiliate will involve an
unreasonable effort and expense, the issuer may calculate the aggregate
market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates on the basis
of reasonable assumptions, if the assumptions are stated.
(Issuers involved in bankruptcy proceedings during the past five years)
Check whether the issuer has filed all documents and reports required
to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the
distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ____
No ____
(Applicable only to corporate registrants) State the number of shares
outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common equity, as of the
latest practicable date: 135,000 shares.
(Documents incorporated by reference. If the following documents are
incorporated by reference, briefly describe them and identify the part
of the Form 10-KSB (e.g. Part I, Part II, etc.) into which the document
is incorporated: (1) any annual report to security holders; (2) any
proxy or information statement; and (3) any prospectus filed pursuant
to Rule 424(b) or (c) of the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act").
The listed documents should be clearly described for identification
purposes.
PART I
ITEM 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS.
General
The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of
Colorado on August 28, 1996, and is in the early developmental and
promotional stages. To date the Company's only activities have been
organizational ones, directed at the raising of capital, and preliminary
efforts to seek one or more properties or businesses for acquisition.
The Company has not commenced any commercial operations. The
Company has no full-time employees and owns no real estate.
On August 28, 1997, the Board of Directors of the Company
elected to change its fiscal year for reporting purposes to May 31. The
fiscal year previously ended August 31. Accordingly, this annual
report on Form 10-KSB is being filed for the transition period from
September 1, 1996 through May 31, 1997.
The Company's business plan is to seek, investigate, and, if
warranted, acquire one or more properties or businesses. Such an
acquisition may be made by purchase, merger, exchange of stock, or
otherwise, and may encompass assets or a business entity, such as a
corporation, joint venture, or partnership. The Company has very
limited capital, and it is unlikely that the Company will be able to take
advantage of more than one such business opportunity. The Company
intends to seek opportunities demonstrating the potential of long-term
growth as opposed to short-term earnings.
As of the end of its fiscal year ending May 31, 1997, the
Company has not identified any business opportunity that it plans to
pursue, nor has the Company reached any agreement or definitive
understanding with any person concerning an acquisition. During the
fiscal year ending May 31, 1997, the Company's officers and directors
had preliminary contacts with representatives of numerous companies
concerning the general possibility of a merger or acquisition by an
entity like the Company, whose shares are registered under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934. However, none of these preliminary
contacts or discussions resulted in any type of agreement.
It is anticipated that the Company's officers and directors will
continue to initiate contacts with securities broker-dealers and other
persons engaged in other aspects of corporate finance to advise them
of the Company's existence and to determine if the companies or
businesses they represent have an interest in considering a merger or
acquisition with the Company. No assurance can be given that the
Company will be successful in finding or acquiring a desirable
business opportunity, given the limited funds that are expected to be
available for acquisitions, or that any acquisition that occurs will be on
terms that are favorable to the Company or its stockholders.
The Company's search will be directed toward small and
medium-sized enterprises which have a desire to become public
corporations and which are able to satisfy, or anticipate in the
reasonably near future being able to satisfy, the minimum asset
requirements in order to qualify shares for trading on NASDAQ or on
an exchange such as the American or Pacific Stock Exchange. (See
"Investigation and Selection of Business Opportunities.") The
Company anticipates that the business opportunities presented to it will
(i) be recently organized with no operating history, or a history of
losses attributable to under-capitalization or other factors; (ii) be
experiencing financial or operating difficulties; (iii) be in need of
funds to develop a new product or service or to expand into a new
market; (iv) be relying upon an untested product or marketing concept;
or (v) have a combination of the characteristics mentioned in (i)
through (iv). The Company intends to concentrate its acquisition
efforts on properties or businesses that it believes to be undervalued.
Given the above factors, investors should expect that any acquisition
candidate may have a history of losses or low profitability.
The Company does not propose to restrict its search for in-
vestment opportunities to any particular geographical area or industry,
and may, therefore, engage in essentially any business, to the extent of
its limited resources. This includes industries such as service, finance,
natural resources, manufacturing, high technology, product
development, medical, communications and others. The Company's
discretion in the selection of business opportunities is unrestricted,
subject to the availability of such opportunities, economic conditions,
and other factors.
As a consequence of the Company's registration of its securities
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, any entity which has an
interest in being acquired by the Company is expected to be an entity
that desires to become a public company as a result of the transaction.
In connection with such an acquisition, it is highly likely that an
amount of stock constituting control of the Company would be issued
by the Company or purchased from the Company's current principal
shareholder by the target entity or its controlling shareholders.
It is anticipated that business opportunities will come to the
Company's attention from various sources, including its officers and
directors, its other stockholders, professional advisors such as attorneys
and accountants, securities broker-dealers, venture capitalists, members
of the financial community, and others who may present unsolicited
proposals. The Company has no plans, understandings, agreements, or
commitments with any individual for such person to act as a finder of
opportunities for the Company.
Investigation and Selection of Business Opportunities
To a large extent, a decision to participate in a specific business
opportunity may be made upon management's analysis of the quality
of the other company's management and personnel, the anticipated
acceptability of new products or marketing concepts, the merit of
technological changes, and numerous other factors which are difficult,
if not impossible, to analyze through the application of any objective
criteria. In many instances, it is anticipated that the historical
operations of a specific firm may not necessarily be indicative of the
potential for the future because of the possible need to shift marketing
approaches substantially, expand significantly, change product
emphasis, change or substantially augment management, or make other
changes. Because of the lack of training or experience of the
Company's management, the Company will be dependent upon the
owners of a business opportunity to identify such problems and to
implement, or be primarily responsible for the implementation of,
required changes. Because the Company may participate in a business
opportunity with a newly organized firm or with a firm which is
entering a new phase of growth, it should be emphasized that the
Company will incur further risks, because management in many
instances will not have proved its abilities or effectiveness, the
eventual market for such company's products or services will likely
not be established, and such company may not be profitable when
acquired.
It is anticipated that the Company will not be able to diversify,
but will essentially be limited to one such venture because of the
Company's limited financing. This lack of diversification will not
permit the Company to offset potential losses from one business
opportunity against profits from another, and should be considered an
adverse factor affecting any decision to purchase the Company's
securities.
It is emphasized that management of the Company may effect
transactions having a potentially adverse impact upon the Company's
shareholders pursuant to the authority and discretion of the Company's
management to complete acquisitions without submitting any proposal
to the stockholders for their consideration. Company management
does not generally anticipate that it will provide holders of the
Company's securities with financial statements, or any other
documentation, concerning a target company or its business prior to
any merger or acquisition. In some instances, however, the proposed
participation in a business opportunity may be submitted to the
stockholders for their consideration, either voluntarily by Company
management which elects to seek the stockholders' advice and consent,
or because state law so requires.
The analysis of business opportunities will be undertaken by or
under the supervision of the Company's executive officers and
directors. Although there are no current plans to do so, Company
management might hire an outside consultant to assist in the
investigation and selection of business opportunities, and in that event,
might pay a finder's fee. Since Company management has no current
plans to use any outside consultants or advisors to assist in the
investigation and selection of business opportunities, no policies have
been adopted regarding use of such consultants or advisors, the criteria
to be used in selecting such consultants or advisors, the services to be
provided, the term of service, or regarding the total amount of fees
that may be paid. However, because of the limited resources of the
Company, it is likely that any such fee the Company agrees to pay
would be paid in stock and not in cash. Otherwise, the Company
anticipates that it will consider, among other things, the following
factors:
(a) Potential for growth and profitability, indicated by new
technology, anticipated market expansion, or new products;
(b) Competitive position as compared to other companies of
similar size and experience within the industry segment as well as
within the industry as a whole;
(c) Strength and diversity of existing management, or
management prospects that are scheduled for recruitment;
(d) Capital requirements and anticipated availability of
required funds, to be provided from operations, through the sale of
additional securities, through joint ventures or similar arrangements, or
from other sources;
(e) The cost of participation by the Company as compared to
the perceived tangible and intangible values and potential;
(f) The extent to which the business opportunity can be
advanced;
(g) The Company's perception of how any particular business
opportunity will be received by the investment community and by the
Company's stockholders;
(h) The accessibility of required management expertise,
personnel, raw materials, services, professional assistance, and other
required items; and
(i) Whether the financial condition of the business opportunity
would be, or would have a significant prospect in the foreseeable
future to become, such as to permit the securities of the Company,
following the business combination, to qualify to be listed on an
exchange or on a national automated securities quotation system, such
as NASDAQ, so as to permit the trading of such securities to be
exempt from the requirements of Rule 15c2-6 recently adopted by the
Securities and Exchange Commission. See "Risk Factors - The
Company - Regulation of Penny Stocks."
In regard to the last criterion listed above, the current standards
for NASDAQ listing include, among other things, the requirements
that the issuer of the securities that are sought to be listed have net
tangible assets of at least $4,000,000, or a market capitalization of at
least $50,000,000, or net income in its latest fiscal year of not less
than $750,000. Many, and perhaps most, of the business opportunities
that might be potential candidates for a combination with the Company
would not satisfy the NASDAQ listing criteria. To the extent that the
Company seeks potential NASDAQ listing, therefore, the range of
business opportunities that are available for evaluation and potential
acquisition by the Company would be significantly limited.
In applying the criteria listed above, no one of which will be
controlling, management will attempt to analyze all factors appropriate
to the opportunity and make a determination based upon reasonable
investigative measures and available data. Potentially available
business opportunities may occur in many different industries and at
various stages of development, all of which will make the task of
comparative investigation and analysis of such business opportunities
extremely difficult and complex. Potential investors must recognize
that, because of the Company's limited capital available for
investigation and management's limited experience in business
analysis, the Company may not discover or adequately evaluate
adverse facts about the opportunity to be acquired.
The Company is unable to predict when it may participate in a
business opportunity and it has not established any deadline for
completion of a transaction. It expects, however, that the process of
seeking candidates, analysis of specific proposals and the selection of a
business opportunity may require several additional months or more.
Prior to making a decision to participate in a business op-
portunity, the Company will generally request that it be provided with
written materials regarding the business opportunity containing such
items as a description of product, service and company history;
management resumes; financial information; available projections, with
related assumptions upon which they are based; an explanation of
proprietary products and services; evidence of existing patents,
trademarks, or services marks, or rights thereto; present and proposed
forms of compensation to management; a description of transactions
between such company and its affiliates during relevant periods; a
description of present and required facilities; an analysis of risks and
competitive conditions; a financial plan of operation and estimated
capital requirements; audited financial statements or an indication that
audited statements will be available within sixty (60) days following
completion of a merger transaction; and other information deemed
relevant.
As part of the Company's investigation, the Company's
executive officers and directors may meet personally with management
and key personnel, may visit and inspect material facilities, obtain
independent analysis or verification of certain information provided,
check references of management and key personnel, and take other
reasonable investigative measures, to the extent of the Company's
limited financial resources and management expertise.
Company management believes that various types of potential
merger ar acquisition candidates might find a business combination
with the Company to be attractive. These include acquisition
candidates desiring to create a public market for their shares in order
to enhance liquidity for current shareholders, acquisition candidates
which have long-term plans for raising equity capital through the
public sale of securities and believe that the possible prior existence of
a public market for their securities would be beneficial, and acquisition
candidates which plan to acquire additional assets through issuance of
securities rather than for cash, and believe that the possibility of
development of a public market for their securities will be assistance
in that process. Acquisition candidates which have a need for an
immediate cash infusion are not likely to find a potential business
combination with the Company to be an attractive alternative.
Form of Acquisition
It is impossible to predict the manner in which the Company
may participate in a business opportunity. Specific business
opportunities will be reviewed as well as the respective needs and
desires of the Company and the promoters of the opportunity and,
upon the basis of that review and the relative negotiating strength of
the Company and such promoters, the legal structure or method
deemed by management to be suitable will be selected. Such structure
may include, but is not limited to leases, purchase and sale agreements,
licenses, joint ventures and other contractual arrangements. The
Company may act directly or indirectly through an interest in a
partnership, corporation or other form of organization. Implementing
such structure may require the merger, consolidation or reorganization
of the Company with other corporations or forms of business
organization. In addition, the present management and stockholders of
the Company most likely will not have control of a majority of the
voting shares of the Company following a reorganization transaction.
As part of such a transaction, the Company's directors may resign and
new directors may be appointed without any vote by stockholders.
It is likely that the Company will acquire its participation in a
business opportunity through the issuance of Common Stock or other
securities of the Company. Although the terms of any such transaction
cannot be predicted, it should be noted that in certain circumstances
the criteria for determining whether or not an acquisition is a so-called
"tax free" reorganization under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
depends upon the issuance to the stockholders of the acquired company
of up to 80% of the common stock of the combined entities immedi-
ately following the reorganization. If a transaction were structured to
take advantage of these provisions rather than other "tax free"
provisions provided under the Internal Revenue Code, the Company's
stockholders in such circumstances would retain in the aggregate 20%
or less of the total issued and outstanding shares. This could result in
substantial additional dilution in the equity of those who were
stockholders of the Company prior to such reorganization. Any such
issuance of additional shares might also be done simultaneously with a
sale or transfer of shares representing a controlling interest in the
Company by the current officers, directors and principal shareholders.
(See "Description of Business - General").
It is anticipated that any securities issued in any reorganization
would be issued in reliance upon exemptions, if any are available,
from registration under applicable federal and state securities laws. In
some circumstances, however, as a negotiated element of the
transaction, the Company may agree to register such securities either at
the time the transaction is consummated, or under certain conditions or
at specified times thereafter. The issuance of substantial additional
securities and their potential sale into any trading market that might
develop in the Company's securities may have a depressive effect upon
such market.
The Company will participate in a business opportunity only
after the negotiation and execution of a written agreement. Although
the terms of such agreement cannot be predicted, generally such an
agreement would require specific representations and warranties by all
of the parties thereto, specify certain events of default, detail the terms
of closing and the conditions which must be satisfied by each of the
parties thereto prior to such closing, outline the manner of bearing
costs if the transaction is not closed, set forth remedies upon default,
and include miscellaneous other terms.
As a general matter, the Company anticipates that it will enter
into a letter of intent with the management, principals or owners of a
prospective business opportunity prior to signing a binding agreement.
Such a letter of intent will set forth the terms of the proposed
acquisition but will not bind either the Company or the business
opportunity to consummate the transaction. Execution of a letter of
intent will by no means indicate that consummation of an acquisition
is probable. Neither the Company nor the business opportunity will be
bound to consummate the acquisition unless and until a definitive
agreement concerning the acquisition as described in the preceding
paragraph is executed. Even after a definitive agreement is executed,
it is possible that the acquisition would not be consummated should
either party elect to exercise any right provided in the agreement to
terminate it on specified grounds.
It is anticipated that the investigation of specific business
opportunities and the negotiation, drafting and execution of relevant
agreements, disclosure documents and other instruments will require
substantial management time and attention and substantial costs for
accountants, attorneys and others. If a decision is made not to
participate in a specific business opportunity, the costs theretofore
incurred in the related investigation would not be recoverable.
Moreover, because many providers of goods and services require
compensation at the time or soon after the goods and services are
provided, the inability of the Company to pay until an indeterminate
future time may make it impossible to procure goods and services.
Competition
The Company expects to encounter substantial competition in
its efforts to locate attractive opportunities, primarily from business
development companies, venture capital partnerships and corporations,
venture capital affiliates of large industrial and financial companies,
small investment companies, and wealthy individuals. Many of these
entities will have significantly greater experience, resources and
managerial capabilities than the Company and will therefore be in a
better position than the Company to obtain access to attractive business
opportunities. The Company also will experience competition from
other public "blind pool" companies, many of which may have more
funds available than does the Company.
Administrative Offices
The Company currently maintains a mailing address at 7331 S.
Meadow Court, Boulder, Colorado 80301, which is the office address
of its President. The Company's telephone number there is (303) 530-
3353. Other than this mailing address, the Company does not
currently maintain any other office facilities, and does not anticipate
the need for maintaining office facilities at any time in the foreseeable
future. The Company pays no rent or other fees for the use of this
mailing address.
Employees
The Company is a development stage company and currently
has no employees. Management of the Company expects to use
consultants, attorneys and accountants as necessary, and does not anti-
cipate a need to engage any full-time employees so long as it is
seeking and evaluating business opportunities. The need for em-
ployees and their availability will be addressed in connection with the
decision whether or not to acquire or participate in specific business
opportunities. No remuneration will be paid to the Company's officers
except as set forth under "Executive Compensation" and under "Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions."
ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY.
The Company currently maintains a mailing address at 7331 S.
Meadow Court, Boulder, Colorado 80301, which is the address of its
President. The Company pays no rent for the use of this mailing
address, however, for financial statement purposes, the Company is
accruing $50 per month as additional paid-in capital for this use. The
Company does not believe that it will need to maintain an office at
any time in the foreseeable future in order to carry out its plan of
operations described herein. The Company's telephone number is
(303) 530-3353.
The Company currently has no investments in real estate, real
estate mortgages, or real estate securities, and does not anticipate
making any such investments in the future. However, the policy of the
Company with respect to investment in real estate assets could be
changed in the future without a vote of security holders.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
The Company is not a party to any pending legal proceedings,
and no such proceedings are known to be contemplated.
No director, officer or affiliate of the Company, and no owner
of record or beneficial owner of more than 5.0% of the securities of
the Company, or any associate of any such director, officer or security
holder is a party adverse to the Company or has a material interest
adverse to the Company in reference to pending litigation.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF
SECURITY HOLDERS.
No matters were submitted to a vote of the security holders of
the Company during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year which ended
May 31, 1997.
Part II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED
STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.
There is currently no public trading market for the Company's
securities. The securities are held of record by a total of
approximately 7 persons.
No dividends have been declared or paid on the Company's
securities, and it is not anticipated that any dividends will be declared
or paid in the foreseeable future.
ITEM 6. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OR PLAN OF OPERATION.
The Company remains in the development stage and, since
inception, has experienced no significant change in liquidity or capital
resources or stockholder's equity other than the receipt proceeds in the
amount of $7,500 from its inside capitalization funds. Consequently,
the Company's balance sheet for the period of August 28, 1996
(inception) through May 31, 1997, reflects a current asset value of
$3,785 and a total asset value of $4,040, primarily in the form of cash.
The Company will carry out its plan of business as discussed
above. The Company cannot predict to what extent its liquidity and
capital resources will be diminished prior to the consummation of a
business combination or whether its capital will be further depleted by
the operating losses (if any) of the business entity which the Company
may eventually acquire.
Results of Operations
During the period from August 28, 1996 (inception) through
May 31, 1997, the Company has engaged in no significant operations
other than organizational activities, acquisition of capital and
preparation for registration of its securities under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. No revenues were received by
the Company during this period.
For the fiscal year ending May 31, 1998, the Company
anticipates incurring a loss as a result of expenses associated with
compliance with the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, and expenses associated with locating and evaluating
acquisition candidates. The Company anticipates that until a business
combination is completed with an acquisition candidate, it will not
generate revenues other than interest income, and may continue to
operate at a loss after completing a business combination, depending
upon the performance of the acquired business.
Need for Additional Financing
The Company believes that its existing capital will be sufficient
to meet the Company's cash needs, including the costs of compliance
with the continuing reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, for a period of approximately one year.
Accordingly, in the event the Company is able to complete a business
combination during this period, it anticipates that its existing capital
will be sufficient to allow it to accomplish the goal of completing a
business combination. There is no assurance, however, that the
available funds will ultimately prove to be adequate to allow it to
complete a business combination, and once a business combination is
completed, the Company's needs for additional financing are likely to
increase substantially.
No commitments to provide additional funds have been made
by management or other stockholders, and the Company has no plans,
proposals, arrangements or understandings with respect to the sale or
issuance of additional securities prior to the location of a merger or
acquisition candidate. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that any
additional funds will be available to the Company to allow it to cover
its expenses. In the event the Company does elect to raise additional
capital prior to location of a merger or acquisition candidate, it expect
to do so through the private placement of restricted securities rather
than through a public offering. The Company does not currently
contemplate making a Regulation S offering.
Irrespective of whether the Company's cash assets prove to be
inadequate to meet the Company's operational needs, the Company
might seek to compensate providers of services by issuances of stock
in lieu of cash. For information as to the Company's policy in regard
to payment for consulting services, see "Certain Relationships and
Transactions."
ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
See following pages.<PAGE>
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
(A Development Stage Company)
Report of Independent Certified Public Accountant
Balance Sheet
Statement of Loss and Accumulated Deficit
Statement of Stockholders' Equity
Statement of Cash Flows
Notes to Financial Statements<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT
The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Buffalo Capital
IV, Ltd. (a development stage company) as of May 31, 1997, and the
related statement of loss and accumulated deficit, stockholders' equity,
and cash flows for the initial period ended August 31, 1996 and the
nine months ended May 31, 1997, and for the period from inception
(August 28, 1996) to May 31, 1997. These financial statements are
the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is
to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well
as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Buffalo Capital
III, Ltd. as of August 31, 1996, and May 31, 1997, and the results of
its operations and cash flows for the period ended May 31, 1997, in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Comiskey & Company, P.C.
Aurora, Colorado
July 15, 1997<PAGE>
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
(A Development Stage Company)
BALANCE SHEET
as of and for the quarter ended
JULY 31, 1997
(unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
July 31, 1997
<S> <C>
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents 3,785
OTHER ASSETS:
Organizational costs (net
of amortization) 255
TOTAL CURRENT
ASSETS 4,040
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable -0-
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, no par value;
100,000,000 shares authorized;
1,135,000 shares issued and
outstanding 7,500
Preferred stock, no par value
10,000,000 shares authorized;
no shares issued and outstanding -0-
Additional paid-in capital 60,450
Deficit accumulated
during the
development stage (63,910)
Total stockholders' equity 4,040
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY 4,040
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.<PAGE>
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENT OF LOSS AND ACCUMULATED DEFICIT
(unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Three Nine Period from
Months Months Inception
Ended Ended (8/28/96) to
8/31/96 5/31/97 5/31/97
<S> <C> <C> <C>
INCOME - - -
EXPENSES
Legal and
professional 105 3,252 3,357
Amortization - 45 45
Bank charges 7 (7) -
Rent - 450 450
Filing fees - 55 55
Consulting fees 40 59,760 59,800
Director fees 200 - 200
Office expense - 3 3
TOTAL EXPENSES 352 63,558 63,910
NET LOSS (352) (63,558) (63,910)
Accumulated deficit
Balance, Beginning
of period -0- (352) -0-
Balance, End of
period (352) (63,910) (63,910)
Loss per common
share (NIL) (NIL) (NIL)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE
NUMBER OF SHARES
OUTSTANDING 135,000 135,000 135,000
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.<PAGE>
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
(unaudited)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Three Nine Period from
Months Months Inception
Ended Ended (8/28/96) to
8/31/96 5/31/97 5/31/97
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Loss (352) (63,558) (63,910)
Noncash items included
in net loss:
Amortization - 45 45
Rent - 450 450
Stock issued for
consulting fees 40 59,760 59,800
Stock issued for
directors fees 200 - 200
Changes in
Current
liabilities 405 (405) -
Net cash used
by operating
activities 293 (3,708) (3,415)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Organization costs (300) - (300)
Issuance of common
stock 5,000 2,500 7,500
Net cash and cash
equivalents provided
(used) by financing
activities 4,700 2,500 7,200
Net increase (decrease)
in cash and cash
equivalents 4,993 (1,208) 3,785
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
Beginning of Period -0- 4,993 -0-
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
End of Period 4,993 3,785 3,785
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.<PAGE>
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the period from inception (August 28, 1996)
to May 31, 1997
(page 1 of 2)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Deficit
accumulated Total
Common Stock during the stock-
Number of development holder
shares Amount stage equity
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common stock issued for
cash and subscriptions,
receivable, August 1996
at $.50 per share 15,000 7,500 - 7,500
Common stock issued
for services, August 1996
at $.0001 per share 2,400,000 240 - 240
Net loss for the period
ended August
31, 1996 - - (352) (352)
Balance
August 31, 1996 2,415,000 7,740 (352) 7,389
Shares cancelled at
$.0001 per share (2,280,000) - - -
Record and reclass APIC
for services - (240) - 59,760
Rent provided at
no charge - - - 450
Net loss for the period
period ended May 31, 1997 - - (63,558) (63,558)
Balance May 31, 1997 135,000 7,500 (63,910) 4,040
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.<PAGE>
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
For the period from inception (August 28, 1996)
to May 31, 1997
(page 2 of 2)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
<S> <C>
Common stock issued for
cash and subscriptions,
receivable, August 1996
at $.50 per share -
Common stock issued
for services, August 1996
at $.0001 per share -
Net loss for the period
ended August 31, 1996 -
Balance
August 31, 1996 -
Shares cancelled at
$.0001 per share -
Record and reclass APIC
for services 60,000
Rent provided at
no charge 450
Net loss for the period
period ended May 31, 1997 -
Balance May 31, 1997 60,450
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.<PAGE>
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
May 31, 1997
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Development stage company
Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd. (the "Company") was incorporated under the
laws of the State of Colorado on August 28, 1996. Its office is
located at the office of its president at 7331 South Meadow Court,
Boulder, CO 80301.
The Company is a new enterprise in the development stage as defined
by Statement No. 7 of the Financial Accounting Standards Board and
has not engaged in any business other than organizational efforts. It
has no full-time employees and owns no real property. The Company
intends to seek to acquire one or more existing businesses which have
existing management, through merger or acquisition, that may have
potential for profit, and to that end, intends to acquire properties or
businesses, or a controlling interest therein. Management of the
Company will have virtually unlimited discretion in determining the
business activities in which the Company might engage.
The Company currently does not own any properties or an interest in
any business. Moreover, it has not identified any properties or
business opportunities that it shall seek to acquire, has no
understanding or arrangements to acquire any properties or business
interests, and has not identified any specific geographical area,
industry, or type of business in which it intends to operate.
Accounting Method
The Company records income and expenses on the accrual method.
Fiscal year
The Company has selected an August 31 fiscal year end.
Organization costs
Costs to incorporate the Company have been capitalized and will be
amortized over a sixty-month period.
Statement of cash flows
For purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers
all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with an original maturity
of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
2. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
The Company is authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of its no
par value preferred stock. The preferred stock may be issued in series,
from time to time with such designation, rights, preferences and
limitations as the Board of Directors may determine by resolution. As
of May 31, 1997, no shares of preferred stock were issued or
outstanding.
As of May 31, 1997, 135,000 shares of the Company's no par value
common stock had been issued, along with 4,830,000 Class A warrants
and 2,415,000 Class B warrants entitling the holder to purchase one
share of stock for $2.00 and $4.00 respectively. Of these shares
120,000 were subscribed for services rendered in the capacity of
directors and consultants. The remaining 15,000 shares were issued
for cash at a price of $.50 per share.
For the period ended May 31, 1997, 2,280,000 shares of the
Company's common stock were cancelled. All share and per share
amounts have been restated to reflect these cancellations to the
Company's inception.
3. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company's directors and officers are also the principal
shareholders. Each has received 30,000 shares of stock (22% each of
the outstanding shares). In each case the shares were issued for
services provided which have been valued at $60,000.
The Company's general and securities counsel, Gary S. Joiner, a
partner in the law firm of Frascona, Joiner & Goodman, P.C., is one
of the Company's principal shareholders. Since inception, the
Company has paid $2,446 for legal services rendered, $300 of which
was capitalized as organizational costs, with $0 payable at May 31,
1997.
The President of the Company is providing office space at no charge
to the Company. For purposes of the financial statements, the
Company is accruing $50 per month as additional paid-in capital for
this use.
4. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH
FINANCING ACTIVITIES.
As mentioned in Note 3, the Company has incurred $450 since
inception in rent expense which has been designated as paid-in capital.
5. INCOME TAXES
The Company has Federal net operating loss carryforwards of
approximately $63,910 expiring in the year 2012. The tax benefit of
these net operating losses, which totals approximately $12,143, has
been offset by a full allowance for realization. This carryforward may
be limited upon the consummation of a business combination under
IRC Section 381.
<PAGE>
ITEM 8. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH
ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL
DISCLOSURE.
The Company has had no change in, or disagreements with, it's
principal independent accountant since the date of inception.
Part III
ITEM 9. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS,
PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS; COMPLIANCE WITH
SECTION 16(A) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT.
The directors and executive officers currently serving the
Company are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Age Positions Held and
Tenure
<S> <C> <C>
Grant W. Peck 42 President and a Director since
January, 1995
Dean F. Sessions 46 Secretary, Treasurer, and a
Director since January, 1995
</TABLE>
The directors named above will serve until the next annual
meeting of the Company's stockholders. Thereafter, directors will be
elected for one-year terms at the annual stockholders' meeting.
Officers will hold their positions at the pleasure of the board of
directors, absent any employment agreement, of which none currently
exists or is contemplated. There is no arrangement or understanding
between any of the directors or officers of the Company and any other
person pursuant to which any director or officer was or is to be
selected as a director or officer.
The directors and officers will devote their time to the Com-
pany's affairs on an "as needed" basis, which, depending on the
circumstances, could amount to as little as two hours per month, or
more than forty hours per month, but more than likely will fall within
the range of five to ten hours per month.
Biographical Information
Grant W. Peck.
Mr. Peck has served as President and a Director of the
Company since its inception.
Mr. Peck was the principal shareholder, the President and a
Director of J. S. Grant's, Inc., doing business as Just Squeezed Juices,
from its inception in 1985 until January, 1995, when the Company was
sold. J.S. Grant's distributed fresh juices from Denver, Colorado, to
five states, and had approximately $3.5 million in annual sales and 36
employees. Between 1977 and 1984, Mr. Peck was an owner and
Director of Operations for the Harvest Restaurant and Bakery, a
restaurant company that catered to the then emerging health-conscious
market. During his tenure with Harvest Restaurant and Bakery, Mr.
Peck was responsible for the growth and daily operation of the
restaurant company, employing over 385 employees and staffing 28
managers.
Mr. Peck has been the President and a director of Buffalo
Capital I, Ltd., Buffalo Capital II, Ltd., and Buffalo Capital III, Ltd,
all of which are Colorado corporations, since their inception in August,
1996. All of these entities are in the same business as the Company
(blind pool or public shell companies). In June 1997, the principal
shareholders of Buffalo Capital I, Ltd. sold control of the company
and in conjunction with the change in control, Mr. Peck, as well as the
other officers and directors of that company resigned. In August,
1997, the principal shareholders of Buffalo Capital II, Ltd., sold
control of the company and in conjunction with the change in control,
Mr. Peck, as well as the other officers and directors of that company
resigned.
Mr. Peck attended the University of Colorado and Macalester
College in St. Paul, Minnesota, but did not receive a degree from
either institution.
In 1990 Mr. Peck personally filed for the protection of the
federal bankruptcy laws as a result of the temporary inability of his
company, J. S. Grant's, Inc., to pay him a salary or otherwise arrange
to pay debts Mr. Peck had incurred to capitalize such company.
Dean F. Sessions.
Mr. Sessions has served as Secretary and Treasurer, and as a
Director of the Company since its inception.
From 1973 through 1982 Mr. Sessions was employed as an
investment broker by E. F. Hutton & Co., in its Boulder, Colorado
office. From 1982 through 1986 Mr. Sessions was an officer, director
and principal shareholder of A. S. Food Company, Inc., a Colorado
corporation formed to acquire the franchise rights for Round The
Corner restaurants in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. A.
S. Food Company, Inc., opened and operated two Round The Corner
restaurants in the Seattle, Washington area, but in 1986 it filed
bankruptcy and ceased operations. As a result of the failure of the
business of A. S. Food Company, Inc., Mr. Sessions also filed a
personal bankruptcy petition in 1986.
In October 1986, Mr. Sessions renewed his securities license
with the NASD and simultaneously joined the Boulder, Colorado
office of E. F. Hutton as an account executive. From June of 1987
through March of 1988, Mr. Sessions was a registered representative
of L. T. Securities, the securities division of Lincoln Trust Corporation
of Denver, Colorado. From March, 1988, to August, 1990,
Mr. Sessions was a registered representative with Cohig Securities, Inc.
of Denver, Colorado, and from January, 1991 to June, 1994, Mr.
Sessions was a registered representative with Walford and Company,
of Boulder, Colorado. In addition, from August, 1990, to the present,
Mr. Sessions has been actively engaged in attempting to acquire his
Professional Golf Association (PGA) tour card.
Mr. Sessions has been the Secretary, Treasurer, and a director
of Buffalo Capital I, Ltd., Buffalo Capital II, Ltd., and Buffalo Capital
III, Ltd., all of which are Colorado corporations, since their inception
in August, 1996. All of these entities are in the same business as the
Company (blind pool or public shell companies). In June 1997, the
principal shareholders of Buffalo Capital I, Ltd. sold control of the
company and in conjunction with the change in control, Mr. Sessions,
as well as the other officers and directors of that company resigned.
In August, 1997, the principal shareholders of Buffalo Capital II, Ltd.,
sold control of the company and in conjunction with the change in
control, Mr. Sessions, as well as the other officers and directors of the
company resigned.
Mr. Sessions has a B.S. degree from the University of
Colorado.
Compliance With Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act.
To the best knowledge and belief of the Company, none of the
directors, officers or beneficial owners of more than 10% of the
Company's securities filed the Initial Statement of Beneficial
Ownership of Securities on Form 3, following the initial registration of
the Company's securities under Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act. As
of the date of this report on Form 10-KSB, none of such persons had
filed the Annual Statement of Beneficial Ownership of Securities on
Form 5, within 45 days after the end of the Company's fiscal year.
However, none of such officers, directors or beneficial owners of
securities has effected any transactions in such securities at any time
from the date of registration under the Exchange Act through the end
of it's most recent fiscal year.
ITEM 10. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.
No officer or director received any remuneration from the
Company during the fiscal year. Until the Company acquires
additional capital, it is not intended that any officer or director will
receive compensation from the Company other than reimbursement for
out-of-pocket expenses incurred on behalf of the Company. See
"Certain Relationships and Related Transactions." The Company has
no stock option, retirement, pension, or profit-sharing programs for the
benefit of directors, officers or other employees, but the Board of
Directors may recommend adoption of one or more such programs in
the future.
ITEM 11. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN
BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT.
The following table sets forth, as of the end of the Company's
most recent fiscal year, the number of shares of Common Stock owned
of record and beneficially by executive officers, directors and persons
who hold 5.0% or more of the outstanding Common Stock of the
Company. Also included are the shares held by all executive officers
and directors as a group.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name and Number of Shares Percent of
Address Owned Beneficially Class Owned
<S> <C> <C>
Grant W. Peck <F1>
7331 S. Meadow Court
Boulder, Colorado 80301 30,000<F2> 22.22%
Dean F. Sessions<F1>
P. O. Box 17881
Boulder, Colorado 80308 30,000<F2> 22.22%
Scott B. Olson
6025 S. Quebec Street, # 340
Englewood, Colorado 80111 30,000<F2> 22.22%
Gary S. Joiner
4750 Table Mesa Drive
Boulder, Colorado 80303 30,000<F2> 22.22%
All directors and executive
officers (2 persons) 60,000 44.44%
<FN>
<F1> The person listed is an officer, a director, or both, of the
Company.
<F2> Does not include 1,200,000 shares subject to Class A Warrants
owned by each such person exercisable at $2.00 per share beginning
January 1, 1997, or 600,000 shares subject to Class B Warrants owned
by each such person exercisable at $4.00 per share beginning January
1, 1997.
</FN>
</TABLE>
ITEM 12. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED
TRANSACTIONS
Indemnification of Officers and Directors
As permitted by Colorado law, the Company's Articles of
Incorporation provide that the Company will indemnify its directors
and officers against expenses and liabilities they incur to defend, settle,
or satisfy any civil or criminal action brought against them on account
of their being or having been Company directors or officers unless, in
any such action, they are adjudged to have acted with gross negligence
or willful misconduct. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors,
officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to the foregoing
provisions, the Company has been informed that, in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against
public policy as expressed in that Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
Exclusion of Liability
Pursuant to the Colorado Corporation Code, the Company's
Articles of Incorporation exclude personal liability for its directors for
monetary damages based upon any violation of their fiduciary duties as
directors, except as to liability for any breach of the duty of loyalty,
acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law, acts in violation of Section
7-5-114 of the Colorado Corporation Code, or any transaction from
which a director receives an improper personal benefit. This exclusion
of liability does not limit any right which a director may have to be
indemnified and does not affect any director's liability under federal or
applicable state securities laws.
Conflicts of Interest
None of the officers of the Company will devote more than a
portion of his time to the affairs of the Company. There will be
occasions when the time requirements of the Company's business
conflict with the demands of the officers' other business and
investment activities. Such conflicts may require that the Company
attempt to employ additional personnel. There is no assurance that the
services of such persons will be available or that they can be obtained
upon terms favorable to the Company.
Each of the Company's officers and directors also are officers,
directors, or both of one other Boulder, Colorado based development-
stage corporation in the same business as the Company. This company
will be in direct competition with the Company for available
opportunities.
Company management intends to actively negotiate or
otherwise consent to the purchase of a portion of their common stock
as a condition to, or in connection with, a proposed merger or
acquisition transaction. Members of management acquired their shares
for services rendered at a price of $0.50 per share, and the total
purchase price for all presently issued and outstanding shares was
$67,500, of which $7,500 was paid in cash and $60,000 was paid in
the form of performance of services. It is anticipated that a substantial
premium may be paid by the purchaser in conjunction with any sale of
shares by members of Company management which is made as a
condition to, or in connection with, a proposed merger or acquisition
transaction. The fact that a substantial premium may be paid to
members of Company management to acquire their shares creates a
conflict of interest for them and may compromise their state law
fiduciary duties to the Company's other shareholders. In making any
such sale, members of Company management may consider their own
personal pecuniary benefit rather than the best interests of the
Company and the Company's other shareholders, and the other
shareholders are not expected to be afforded the opportunity to
approve or consent to any particular buy-out transaction involving
shares held by members of Company management.
ITEM 13. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
(a) The Exhibits listed below are filed as part of this
Annual Report.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit No. Document
<S> <C>
3.1 Articles of Incorporation
3.2 Bylaws
4.1 Warrant Agent Agreement
4.2 Specimen Class A Warrant
4.3 Specimen Class B Warrant
27 Financial Data Schedule
</TABLE>
(b) No reports on Form 8-K were filed by the Company
during the last quarter of it's fiscal year ending May 31, 1997.
Signatures
In accordance with the Exchange Act, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and
in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
By: /s/ Grant W. Peck
(Principal Executive Officer and Director)
Date: September 15, 1997
By: /s/ Dean F. Sessions
(Principal Financial Officer and Director)
Date: September 15, 1997
<PAGE>
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-KSB
___ - Annual report under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 [Fee Required] for the fiscal year ended ___.
X____Transition report under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 [No Fee Required] for the transition period
from September 1, 1996 to May 31, 1997.
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
__________________________________________________________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Colorado 0-21955 84-1356427
__________________________________________________________
(State or other (Commission I.R.S.Employer
jurisdiction File Number) Identification No.)
of incorporation)
7331 S. Meadow Court
Boulder, Colorado 80301
__________________________________________________________
(Address of Principal Office) (Zip Code)
(303)530-3353
__________________________________________________________
Issuer's telephone number
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Exhibit
No. Document
3.1 Articles of Incorporation
3.2 Bylaws
4.1 Warrant Agent Agreement
4.2 Specimen Class A Warrant
Certificate
4.3 Specimen Class B Warrant
Certificate
27 Financial Data Schedule
/TABLE
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 3.1 - ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF BUFFALO
CAPITAL IV, LTD.
The undersigned, who, if a natural person, is eighteen years of
age or older, hereby establishes a corporation pursuant to the Colorado
Business Corporation Act as amended and adopts the following
Articles of Incorporation:
FIRST: The name of the corporation is Buffalo Capital
IV, Ltd.
SECOND: The corporation shall have and may exercise all
of the rights, powers and privileges now or hereafter conferred upon
corporations organized under the laws of Colorado. In addition, the
corporation may do everything necessary, suitable or proper for the
accomplishment of any of its corporate purposes. The corporation
may conduct part or all of its business in any part of Colorado, the
United States or the world and may hold, purchase, mortgage, lease
and convey real and personal property in any of such places.
THIRD: The aggregate number of shares which the
corporation shall have authority to issue is one hundred ten million
(110,000,000) shares of which a portion shall be common stock and a
portion shall be preferred stock, all as described below.
A. Common Stock. The aggregate number of common
shares which the corporation shall have the authority to issue is one
hundred million (100,000,000), which shares shall be designated
"Common Stock." Subject to all the rights of the Preferred Stock as
expressly provided herein, by law or by the Board of Directors
pursuant to this Article, the Common Stock of the corporation shall
possess all such rights and privileges as are afforded to capital stock
by applicable law in the absence of any express grant of rights or
privileges in these Articles of Incorporation, including, but not limited
to, the following rights and privileges:
(a) dividends may be declared and paid or set apart for
payment on the Common Stock out of any assets or funds of the
corporation legally available for the payment of dividends;
(b) the holders of Common Stock shall have unlimited
voting rights, including the right to vote for the election of directors
and on all other matters requiring stockholder action. Each holder of
Common Stock shall have one vote for each share of Common Stock
standing in his name on the books of the corporation and entitled to
vote, except that in the election of directors each holder of Common
Stock shall have as many votes for each share of Common Stock held
by him as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the
holder of Common Stock has a right to vote. Cumulative voting shall
not be permitted in the election of directors or otherwise.
(c) on the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution
or winding up of the corporation, and after paying or adequately
providing for the payment of all of its obligations and amounts
payable in liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and subject to the
rights of the holders of Preferred Stock, if any, the net assets of the
corporation shall be distributed pro rata to the holders of the Common
Stock.
B. Preferred Stock. The aggregate number of preferred
shares which this corporation shall have the authority to issue is ten
million (10,000,000) shares, each with no par value, which shares shall
be designated "Preferred Stock." Shares of Preferred Stock may be
issued from time to time in one or more series as determined by the
Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is hereby authorized, by
resolution or resolutions, to provide from time to time, out of the
unissued shares of Preferred Stock not then allocated to any series of
Preferred Stock, for a series of the Preferred Stock. Each such series
shall have distinctive serial designations. Before any shares of any
such series of Preferred Stock are issued, the Board of Directors shall
fix and determine, and is hereby expressly empowered to fix and
determine, by resolution or resolutions, the voting powers, full or
limited, or no voting powers, and the designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and the
qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof as provided by
Colorado law. Before issuing any shares of a class or series, the
corporation shall deliver to the secretary of state for filing articles of
amendment to these articles of incorporation that set forth information
required by Colorado law, including but not limited to, the
designations, preferences, limitations, and relative rights of the class or
series of shares.
C. Voting. Unless otherwise ordered by a court of
competent jurisdiction, at all meetings of shareholders one-third of the
shares of a voting group entitled to vote at such meeting, represented
in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum of that voting group.
FOURTH: The number of directors of the corporation shall
be fixed by the bylaws, should the bylaws fail to fix such a number,
then by resolution adopted from time to time by the board of directors,
provided that the number of directors shall not be more than five (5)
nor less than two (2). Two (2) directors shall constitute the initial
board of directors. The following persons are elected to serve as the
corporation's initial directors until the first annual meeting of
shareholders or until their successors are duly elected and qualified:
Name/Address:
Grant W. Peck
7331 South Meadow Court
Boulder, CO 80301
Dean F. Sessions
2040 W. 10th Avenue, Apt. E-301
Broomfield, Colorado 80020
FIFTH: The street address of the initial registered office
of the corporation is 4750 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, Colorado
80303. The name of the initial registered agent of the corporation at
such address is Gary S. Joiner.
SIXTH: The address of the initial principal office of the
corporation is 7331 South Meadow Court, Boulder, CO 80301.
SEVENTH: The following provisions are inserted for the
management of the business and for the conduct of the affairs of the
corporation, and the same are in furtherance of and not in limitation or
exclusion of the powers conferred by law.
(a) Conflicting Interest Transactions. As used in
this paragraph, "conflicting interest transaction" means any of the
following: (i) a loan or other assistance by the corporation to a
director of the corporation or to an entity in which a director of the
corporation is a director or officer or has a financial interest; (ii) a
guaranty by the corporation of an obligation of a director of the
corporation or of an obligation of an entity in which a director of the
corporation is a director or officer or has a financial interest; or (iii) a
contract or transaction between the corporation and a director of the
corporation or between the corporation and an entity in which a
director of the corporation is a director or officer or has a financial
interest. No conflicting interest transaction shall be void or voidable,
be enjoined, be set aside, or give rise to an award of damages or other
sanctions in a proceeding by a shareholder or by or in the right of the
corporation, solely because the conflicting interest transaction involves
a director of the corporation or an entity in which a director of the
corporation is a director or officer or has a financial interest, or solely
because the director is present at or participates in the meeting of the
corporation's board of directors or of the committee of the board of
directors which authorized, approves or ratifies a conflicting interest
transaction, or solely because the director's vote is counted for such
purpose if: (A) the material facts as to the director's relationship or
interest and as to the conflicting interest transaction are disclosed or
are known to the board of directors or the committee, and the board of
directors or committee in good faith authorizes, approves or ratifies the
conflicting interest transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of
the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors are
less than a quorum; or (B) the material facts as to the director's
relationship or interest and as to the conflicting interest transaction are
disclosed or are known to the shareholders entitled to vote thereon,
and the conflicting interest transaction is specifically authorized,
approved or ratified in good faith by a vote of the shareholders; or (C)
a conflicting interest transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the
time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the board of directors, a
committee thereof, or the shareholders. Common or interested
directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a
meeting of the board of directors or of a committee which authorizes,
approves or ratifies the conflicting interest transaction.
(b) Loans and Guaranties for the Benefit of
Directors. Neither the board of directors nor any committee thereof
shall authorize a loan by the corporation to a director of the
corporation or to an entity in which a director of the corporation is a
director or officer or has a financial interest, or a guaranty by the
corporation of an obligation of a director of the corporation or of an
obligation of an entity in which a director of the corporation is a
director or officer or has a financial interest, until at least ten days
after written notice of the proposed authorization of the loan or
guaranty has been given to the shareholders who would be entitled to
vote thereon if the issue of the loan or guaranty were submitted to a
vote of the shareholders. The requirements of this paragraph (b) are in
addition to, and not in substitution for, the provisions of paragraph (a)
of Article SEVENTH.
(c) Indemnification. The corporation shall
indemnify, to the maximum extent permitted by law, any person who
is or was a director, officer, agent, fiduciary or employee of the
corporation against any claim, liability or expenses arising against or
incurred by such person made party to a proceeding because he is or
was a director, officer, agent, fiduciary or employee of the corporation
or because he was a director, officer, agent, fiduciary or employee of
the corporation or because he is or was serving another entity as a
director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, fiduciary or agent at the
corporation's request. The corporation shall further have the authority
to the maximum extent permitted by law to purchase and maintain
insurance providing such indemnification.
(d) Limitation on Director's Liability. No director
of this corporation shall have any personal liability for monetary
damages to the corporation or its shareholders for breach of his
fiduciary duty as a director, except that this provision shall not
eliminate or limit the personal liability of a director to the corporation
or its shareholders for monetary damages for: (i) any breach of the
director's duty of loyalty to the corporation or its shareholders; (ii)
acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (iii) voting for or assenting
to a distribution in violation of Colorado Revised Statutes Section 7-
106-401 or the articles of incorporation if it is established that the
director did not perform his duties in compliance with Colorado
Revised Statutes Section 7-108-401, provided that the personal liability
of a director in this circumstance shall be limited to the amount of the
distribution which exceeds what could have been distributed without
violation of Colorado Revised Statutes Section 7-106-401 or the
articles of incorporation; or (iv) any transaction from which the
director directly or indirectly derives an improper personal benefit.
Nothing contained herein will be construed to deprive any director of
his right to all defenses ordinarily available to a director nor will
anything herein be construed to deprive any director of any right he
may have for contribution from any other director or other person.
(e) Negation of Equitable Interests in Shares or
Rights. Unless a person is recognized as a shareholder through
procedures established by the corporation pursuant to Colorado
Revised Statutes Section 7-107-204 or any similar law, the corporation
shall be entitled to treat the registered holder of any shares of the
corporation as the owner thereof for all purposes permitted by the
Colorado Business Corporation Act, including without limitation all
rights deriving from such shares, and the corporation shall not be
bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such
shares or rights deriving from such shares on the part of any other
person including without limitation, a purchaser, assignee or transferee
of such shares, unless and until such other person becomes the
registered holder of such shares or is recognized as such, whether or
not the corporation shall have either actual or constructive notice of
the claimed interest of such other person. By way of example and not
of limitation, until such other person has become the registered holder
of such shares or is recognized pursuant to Colorado Revised Statutes
Section 7-107-204 or any similar applicable law, he shall not be
entitled: (i) to receive notice of the meetings of the shareholders; (ii)
to vote at such meetings; (iii) to examine a list of the shareholders;
(iv) to be paid dividends or other distributions payable to shareholders;
or (v) to own, enjoy and exercise any other rights deriving from such
shares against the corporation. Nothing contained herein will be
construed to deprive any beneficial shareholder, as defined in Colorado
Revised Statutes Section 7-113-101(1), of any right he may have
pursuant to Article 113 of the Colorado Business Corporation Act or
any subsequent law.
EIGHTH: The name and address of the incorporator is:
Gary S. Joiner
4750 Table Mesa Drive
Boulder, Colorado 80303
DATED the 28th day of August, 1996.
/s/Gary S. Joiner
Incorporator
Gary S. Joiner hereby consents to the appointment as the initial
registered agent for Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd.
/s/Gary S. Joiner
Initial Registered Agent<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 3.2 - BYLAWS OF BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
ARTICLE I
Offices
The principal office of the corporation shall be designated from
time to time by the corporation and may be within or outside of
Colorado.
The corporation may have such other offices, either within or
outside Colorado, as the board of directors may designate or as the
business of the corporation may require from time to time.
The registered office of the corporation required by the
Colorado Business Corporation Act to be maintained in Colorado may
be, but need not be, identical with the principal office, and the address
of the registered office may be changed from time to time by the
board of directors.
ARTICLE II
Shareholders
Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the
shareholders shall be held during the month of September of each year
on a date and at a time fixed by the board of directors of the
corporation (or by the president in the absence of action by the board
of directors), beginning with the year 1996, for the purpose of electing
directors and for the transaction of such other business as may come
before the meeting. If the election of directors is not held on the day
fixed as provided herein for any annual meeting of the shareholders, or
any adjournment thereof, the board of directors shall cause the election
to be held at a special meeting of the shareholders as soon thereafter as
it may conveniently be held.
A shareholder may apply to the district court in the county in
Colorado where the corporation's principal office is located or, if the
corporation has no principal office in Colorado, to the district court of
the county in which the corporation's registered office is located to
seek an order that a shareholder meeting be held (i) if an annual
meeting was not held within six months after the close of the
corporation's most recently ended fiscal year or fifteen months after its
last annual meeting, whichever is earlier, or (ii) if the shareholder
participated in a proper call of or proper demand for a special meeting
and notice of the special meeting was not given within thirty days after
the date of the call or the date the last of the demands necessary to
require calling of the meeting was received by the corporation pursuant
to C.R.S. Section 7-107-102(1)(b), or the special meeting was not held
in accordance with the notice.
Section 2. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise prescribed
by statute, special meetings of the shareholders may be called for any
purpose by the president or by the board of directors. The president
shall call a special meeting of the shareholders if the corporation
receives one or more written demands for the meeting, stating the
purpose or purposes for which it is to be held, signed and dated by
holders of shares representing at least ten percent of all the votes
entitled to be cast on any issue proposed to be considered at the
meeting.
Section 3. Place of Meeting. The board of directors may
designate any place, either within or outside Colorado, as the place for
any annual meeting or any special meeting called by the board of
directors. A waiver of notice signed by all shareholders entitled to
vote at a meeting may designate any place, either within or outside
Colorado, as the place for such meeting. If no designation is made, or
if a special meeting is called other than by the board, the place of
meeting shall be the principal office of the corporation.
Section 4. Notice of Meeting. Written notice stating the
place, date, and hour of the meeting shall be given not less than ten
nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting, except that (i)
if the number of authorized shares is to be increased, at least thirty
days' notice shall be given, or (ii) any other longer notice period is
required by the Colorado Business Corporation Act. Notice of a
special meeting shall include a description of the purpose or purposes
of the meeting. Notice of an annual meeting need not include a
description of the purpose or purposes of the meeting except the
purpose or purposes shall be stated with respect to (i) an amendment
to the articles of incorporation of the corporation, (ii) a merger or
share exchange in which the corporation is a party and, with respect to
a share exchange, in which the corporation's shares will be acquired,
(iii) a sale, lease, exchange or other disposition, other than in the usual
and regular course of business, of all or substantially all of the
property of the corporation or of another entity which this corporation
controls, in each case with or without the goodwill, (iv) a dissolution
of the corporation, or (v) any other purpose for which a statement of
purpose is required by the Colorado Business Corporation Act. Notice
shall be given personally or by mail, private carrier, telegraph,
teletype, electronically transmitted facsimile or other form of wire or
wireless communication by or at the direction of the president, the
secretary, or the officer or persons calling the meeting, to each
shareholder of record entitled to vote at such meeting. If mailed and if
in a comprehensible form, such notice shall be deemed to be given and
effective when deposited in the United States mail, addressed to the
shareholder at his address as it appears in the corporation's current
record of shareholders, with postage prepaid. If notice is given other
than by mail, and provided that such notice is in a comprehensible
form, the notice is given and effective on the date received by the
shareholder.
If requested by the person or persons lawfully calling such
meeting, the secretary shall give notice thereof at corporation expense.
No notice need be sent to any shareholder if three successive notices
mailed to the last known address of such shareholder have been
returned as undeliverable until such time as another address for such
shareholder is made known to the corporation by such shareholder. In
order to be entitled to receive notice of any meeting, a shareholder
shall advise the corporation in writing of any change in such
shareholder's mailing address as shown on the corporation's books and
records.
When a meeting is adjourned to another date, time or place,
notice need not be given of the new date, time or place if the new
date, time or place of such meeting is announced before adjournment
at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned
meeting the corporation may transact any business which may have
been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more
than 120 days, or if a new record date is fixed for the adjourned
meeting, a new notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
shareholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting as of the new
record date.
A shareholder may waive notice of a meeting before or after
the time and date of the meeting by a writing signed by such
shareholder. Such waiver shall be delivered to the corporation for
filing with the corporate records. Further, by attending a meeting
either in person or by proxy, a shareholder waives objection to lack of
notice or defective notice of the meeting unless the shareholder objects
at the beginning of the meeting to the holding of the meeting or the
transaction of business at the meeting because of lack of notice or
defective notice. By attending the meeting, the shareholder also
waives any objection to consideration at the meeting of a particular
matter not within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting
notice unless the shareholder objects to considering the matter when it
is presented.
Section 5. Fixing of Record Date. For the purposes of
determining shareholders entitled to (i) notice of or vote at any
meeting of shareholders or any adjournment thereof, (ii) receive
distributions or share dividends, or (ii) demand a special meeting, or to
make a determination of shareholders for any other proper purpose, the
board of directors may fix a future date as the record date for any such
determination of shareholders, such date in any case to be not more
than seventy days, and, in case of a meeting of shareholders not less
than ten days, prior to the date on which the particular action requiring
such determination of shareholders is to be taken. If no record date is
fixed by the directors, the record date shall be the date on which
notice of the meeting is mailed to shareholders, or the date on which
the resolution of the board of directors providing for a distribution is
adopted, as the case may be. When a determination of shareholders
entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders is made as provided in
this Section, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof
unless the board of directors fixes a new record date, which it must do
if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the date
fixed for the original meeting.
Notwithstanding the above, the record date for determining the
shareholders entitled to take action without a meeting or entitled to be
given notice of action so taken shall be the date a writing upon which
the action is taken is first received by the corporation. The record date
for determining shareholders entitled to demand a special meeting shall
be the date of the earliest of any of the demands pursuant to which the
meeting is called.
Section 6. Voting Lists. The secretary shall make, at the
earlier of ten days before each meeting of shareholders or two business
days after notice of the meeting has been given, a complete list of the
shareholders entitled to be given notice of such meeting or any
adjournment thereof. The list shall be arranged by voting groups and
within each voting group by class or series of shares, shall be in
alphabetical order within each class or series, and shall show the
address of and the number of shares of each class or series held by
each shareholder. For the period beginning the earlier of ten days
prior to the meeting or two business days after notice of the meeting is
given and continuing through the meeting and any adjournment
thereof, this list shall be kept on file at the principal office of the
corporation, or at a place (which shall be identified in the notice) in
the city where the meeting will be held. Such list shall be available
for inspection on written demand by any shareholder (including for the
purpose of this Section 6 any holder of voting trust certificates) or his
agent or attorney during regular business hours and during the period
available for inspection. The original stock transfer books shall be
prima facie evidence as to the shareholders entitled to examine such
list or to vote at any meeting of shareholders.
Any shareholder, his agent or attorney may copy the list during
regular business hours and during the period it is available for
inspection, provided (i) the shareholder has been a shareholder for at
least three months immediately preceding the demand or holds at least
five percent of all outstanding shares of any class of shares as of the
date of the demand, (ii) the demand is made in good faith and for a
purpose reasonably related to the demanding shareholder's interest as a
shareholder, (iii) the shareholder describes with reasonable particularity
the purpose and the records the shareholder desires to inspect, (iv) the
records are directly connected with the described purpose and (v) the
shareholder pays a reasonable charge covering the costs of labor and
material for such copies, not to exceed the estimated cost of
production and reproduction.
Section 7. Recognition Procedure for Beneficial Owners.
The board of directors may adopt by resolution a procedure whereby a
shareholder of the corporation may certify in writing to the corporation
that all or a portion of the shares registered in the name of such
shareholder are held for the account of a specified person or persons.
The resolution may set forth (i) the types of nominees to which it
applies, (ii) the rights or privileges that the corporation will recognize
in a beneficial owner, which may include rights and privileges other
than voting; (iii) the form of certification and the information to be
contained therein, (iv) if the certification is with respect to a record
date, the time within which the certification must be received by the
corporation, (v) the period for which the nominee's use of the
procedure is effective, and (vi) such other provisions with respect to
the procedure as the board deems necessary or desirable. Upon receipt
by the corporation of a certificate complying with the procedure
established by the board of directors, the persons specified in the
certification shall be deemed, for the purpose or purposes set forth in
the certification, to be the registered holders of the number of shares
specified in place of the shareholder making the certification.
Section 8. Quorum and Manner of Acting. One-third of the
votes entitled to be cast on a matter by a voting group shall constitute
a quorum of that voting group for action on the matter. If less than
one-third of such votes are represented at a meeting, a majority of the
votes so represented may adjourn the meeting from time to time
without further notice, for a period not to exceed 120 days for any one
adjournment. If a quorum is present at such adjourned meeting, any
business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the
meeting as originally noticed. The shareholders present at a duly
organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment,
notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less
than a quorum, unless the meeting is adjourned and a new record date
is set for the adjourned meeting.
If a quorum exists, action on a matter other than the election of
directors by a voting group is approved if the votes cast within the
voting group favoring the action exceed the votes cast within the
voting group opposing the action, unless the vote of a greater number
or voting by classes is required by law or the articles of incorporation.
Section 9. Proxies. At all meetings of shareholders, a
shareholder may vote by proxy by signing an appointment form or
similar writing, either personally or by his duly authorized attorney-in-
fact. A shareholder may also appoint a proxy by transmitting or
authorizing the transmission of a telegram, teletype, or other electronic
transmission providing a written statement of the appointment to the
proxy, a proxy solicitor, proxy support service organization, or other
person duly authorized by the proxy to receive appointments as agent
for the proxy, or to the corporation. The transmitted appointment shall
set forth or be transmitted with written evidence from which it can be
determined that the shareholder transmitted or authorized the
transmission of the appointment. The proxy appointment form or
similar writing shall be filed with the secretary of the corporation
before or at the time of the meeting. The appointment of a proxy is
effective when received by the corporation and is valid for eleven
months unless a different period is expressly provided in the
appointment form or similar writing.
Any complete copy, including an electronically transmitted
facsimile, of an appointment of a proxy may be substituted for or used
in lieu of the original appointment for any purpose for which the
original appointment could be used.
Revocation of a proxy does not affect the right of the
corporation to accept the proxy's authority unless (i) the corporation
had notice that the appointment was coupled with an interest and
notice that such interest is extinguished is received by the secretary or
other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes before the proxy
exercises his authority under the appointment, or (ii) other notice of
the revocation of the appointment is received by the secretary or other
officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes before the proxy exercises
his authority under the appointment. Other notice of revocation may,
in the discretion of the corporation, be deemed to include the
appearance at a shareholders' meeting of the shareholder who granted
the proxy and his voting in person on any matter subject to a vote at
such meeting.
The death or incapacity of the shareholder appointing a proxy
does not affect the right of the corporation to accept the proxy's
authority unless notice of the death or incapacity is received by the
secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes before
the proxy exercises his authority under the appointment.
The corporation shall not be required to recognize an
appointment made irrevocable if it has received a writing revoking the
appointment signed by the shareholder (including a shareholder who is
a successor to the shareholder who granted the proxy) either personally
or by his attorney-in-fact, notwithstanding that the revocation may be a
breach of an obligation of the shareholder to another person not to
revoke the appointment.
Subject to Section 11 and any express limitation on the proxy's
authority appearing on the appointment form, the corporation is
entitled to accept the proxy's vote or other action as that of the
shareholder making the appointment.
Section 10. Voting of Shares. Each outstanding share,
regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote, except in the election
of directors, and each fractional share shall be entitled to a
corresponding fractional vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a
meeting of shareholders, except to the extent that the voting rights of
the shares of any class or classes are limited or denied by the articles
of incorporation as permitted by the Colorado Business Corporation
Act. Cumulative voting shall not be permitted in the election of
directors or for any other purpose. Each record holder of stock shall
be entitled to vote in the election of directors and shall have as many
votes for each of the shares owned by him as there are directors to be
elected and for whose election he has the right to vote.
At each election of directors, that number of candidates
equaling the number of directors to be elected, having the highest
number of votes cast in favor of their election, shall be elected to the
board of directors.
Except as otherwise ordered by a court of competent
jurisdiction upon a finding that the purpose of this Section would not
be violated in the circumstances presented to the court, the shares of
the corporation are not entitled to be voted if they are owned, directly
or indirectly, by a second corporation, domestic or foreign, and the
first corporation owns, directly or indirectly, a majority of the shares
entitled to vote for directors of the second corporation except to the
extent the second corporation holds the shares in a fiduciary capacity.
Redeemable shares are not entitled to be voted after notice of
redemption is mailed to the holders and a sum sufficient to redeem the
shares has been deposited with a bank, trust company or other
financial institution under an irrevocable obligation to pay the holders
the redemption price on surrender of the shares.
Section 11. Corporation's Acceptance of Votes. If the name
signed on a vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment, or proxy
appointment revocation corresponds to the name of a shareholder, the
corporation, if acting in good faith, is entitled to accept the vote,
consent, waiver, proxy appointment or proxy appointment revocation
and give it effect as the act of the shareholder. If the name signed on
a vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or proxy appointment
revocation does not correspond to the name of a shareholder, the
corporation, if acting in good faith, is nevertheless entitled to accept
the vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or proxy appointment
revocation and to give it effect as the act of the shareholder if:
(i) the shareholder is an entity and the name signed
purports to be that of an officer or agent of the entity;
(ii) the name signed purports to be that of an
administrator, executor, guardian or conservator representing the
shareholder and, if the corporation requests, evidence of fiduciary
status acceptable to the corporation has been presented with respect to
the vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or proxy appointment
revocation;
(iii) the name signed purports to be that of a receiver
or trustee in bankruptcy of the shareholder and, if the corporation
requests, evidence of this status acceptable to the corporation has been
presented with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment
or proxy appointment revocation;
(iv) the name signed purports to be that of a pledgee,
beneficial owner or attorney-in-fact of the shareholder and, if the
corporation requests, evidence acceptable to the corporation of the
signatory's authority to sign for the shareholder has been presented
with respect to the vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or proxy
appointment revocation;
(v) two or more persons are the shareholder as co-
tenants or fiduciaries and the name signed purports to be the name of
at least one of the co-tenants or fiduciaries, and the person signing
appears to be acting on behalf of all the co-tenants or fiduciaries; or
(vi) the acceptance of the vote, consent, waiver,
proxy appointment or proxy appointment revocation is otherwise
proper under rules established by the corporation that are not
inconsistent with this Section 11.
The corporation is entitled to reject a vote, consent, waiver,
proxy appointment or proxy appointment revocation if the secretary or
other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes, acting in good faith,
has reasonable basis for doubt about the validity of the signature on it
or about the signatory's authority to sign for the shareholder.
Neither the corporation nor its officers nor any agent who
accepts or rejects a vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or proxy
appointment revocation in good faith and in accordance with the
standards of this Section is liable in damages for the consequences of
the acceptance or rejection.
Section 12. Informal Action by Shareholders. Any action
required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the shareholders may
be taken without a meeting if a written consent (or counterparts
thereof) that sets forth the action so taken is signed by all of the
shareholders entitled to vote with respect to the subject matter thereof
and received by the corporation. Such consent shall have the same
force and effect as a unanimous vote of the shareholders and may be
stated as such in the document. Action taken under this Section 12 is
effective as of the date the last writing necessary to effect this action is
received by the corporation, unless all of the writings specify a
different effective date, in which case such specified date shall be the
effective date for such action. If any shareholder revokes his consent
as provided for herein prior to what would otherwise be the effective
date, the action proposed in the consent shall be invalid. The record
date for determining shareholders entitled to take action without a
meeting is the date the corporation receives a writing upon which the
action is taken.
Any shareholder who has signed a writing describing and
consenting to action taken pursuant to this Section 12 may revoke such
consent by a writing signed by the shareholder describing the action
and stating that the shareholder's prior consent thereto is revoked, if
such writing is received by the corporation before the effectiveness of
the action.
Section 13. Meetings by Telecommunication. Any or all of
the shareholders may participate in an annual or special shareholders'
meeting by, or the meeting may be conducted through the use of, any
means of communication by which all persons participating in the
meeting may hear each other during the meeting. A shareholder
participating in a meeting by this means is deemed to be present in
person at the meeting.
ARTICLE III
Board of Directors
Section 1. General Powers. All corporate powers shall be
exercised by or under the authority of, and the business and affairs of
the corporation shall be managed under the direction of its board of
directors, except as otherwise provided in the Colorado Business
Corporation Act or the articles of incorporation.
Section 2. Number, Qualifications and Tenure. The number
of directors of the corporation shall be fixed from time to time by the
board of directors, within a range of no less than three or more than
five. A director shall be a natural person who is eighteen years of age
or older. A director need not be a resident of Colorado or a
shareholder of the corporation.
Directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of
shareholders. Each director shall hold office until the next annual
meeting of shareholders following his election and thereafter until his
successor shall have been elected and qualified. Directors shall be
removed in the manner provided by the Colorado Business Corporation
Act.
Section 3. Vacancies. Any director may resign at any time
by giving written notice to the corporation. Such resignation shall take
effect at the time the notice is received by the corporation unless the
notice specifies a later effective date. Unless otherwise specified in
the notice of resignation, the corporation's acceptance of such
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any vacancy
on the board of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a
majority of the shareholders or the board of directors. If the directors
remaining in office constitute fewer than a quorum of the board, the
directors may fill the vacancy by the affirmative vote of a majority of
all the directors remaining in office. If elected by the directors, the
director shall hold office until the next annual shareholder's meeting at
which directors are elected. If elected by the shareholders, the director
shall hold office for the unexpired term of his predecessor in office;
except that, if the director's predecessor was elected by the directors to
fill a vacancy, the director elected by the shareholders shall hold office
for the unexpired term of the last predecessor elected by the
shareholders.
Section 4. Regular Meetings. A regular meeting of the
board of directors shall be held without notice immediately after and at
the same place as the annual meeting of shareholders. The board of
directors may provide by resolution the time and place, either within
or outside Colorado, for the holding of additional regular meetings
without other notice.
Section 5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the board
of directors may be called by or at the request of the president or any
two directors. The person or persons authorized to call special
meetings of the board of directors may fix any place, either within or
outside Colorado, as the place for holding any special meeting of the
board of directors called by them, provided that no meeting shall be
called outside the State of Colorado unless a majority of the board of
directors has so authorized.
Section 6. Notice. Notice of any special meeting shall be
given at least two days prior to the meeting by written notice either
personally delivered or mailed to each director at his business address,
or by notice transmitted by telegraph, telex, electronically transmitted
facsimile or other form of wire or wireless communication. If mailed,
such notice shall be deemed to be given and to be effective on the
earlier of (i) three days after such notice is deposited in the United
States mail, properly addressed, with postage prepaid, or (ii) the date
shown on the return receipt, if mailed by registered or certified mail
return receipt requested. If notice is given by telex, electronically
transmitted facsimile or other similar form of wire or wireless
communication, such notice shall be deemed to be given and to be
effective when sent, and with respect to a telegram, such notice shall
be deemed to be given and to be effective when the telegram is
delivered to the telegraph company. If a director has designated in
writing one or more reasonable addresses or facsimile numbers for
delivery of notice to him, notice sent by mail, telegram, telex,
electronically transmitted facsimile or other form of wire or wireless
communication shall not be deemed to have been given or to be
effective unless sent to such addresses or facsimile numbers, as the
case may be.
A director may waive notice of a meeting before or after the
time and date of the meeting by a writing signed by such director.
Such waiver shall be delivered to the corporation for filing with the
corporate records. Further, a director's attendance at or participation
in a meeting waives any required notice to him of the meeting unless
at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon his arrival, the
director objects to holding the meeting or transacting business at the
meeting because of lack of notice or defective notice and does not
thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special
meeting of the board of directors need be specified in the notice or
waiver of notice of such meeting.
Section 7. Quorum. A majority of the number of directors
fixed by the board of directors pursuant to Section 2 or, if no number
is fixed, a majority of the number in office immediately before the
meeting begins, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business at any meeting of the board of directors. If less than such
majority is present at a meeting, a majority of the directors present
may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, for
a period not to exceed sixty days at any one adjournment.
Section 8. Manner of Acting. The act of the majority of
the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall
be the act of the board of directors. No director may vote or act by
proxy at any meeting of directors.
Section 9. Compensation. By resolution of the board of
directors, any director may be paid any one or more of the following:
his expenses, if any, of attendance at meetings, a fixed sum for
attendance at each meeting, a stated salary as director, or such other
compensation as the corporation and the director may reasonably agree
upon. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the
corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
Section 10. Presumption of Assent. A director of the
corporation who is present at a meeting of the board of directors or
committee of the board at which action on any corporate matter is
taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless (i)
the director objects at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon
his arrival, to the holding of the meeting or the transaction of business
at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to any action
taken at the meeting, (ii) the director contemporaneously requests that
his dissent or abstention as to any specific action taken be entered in
the minutes of the meeting, or (iii) the director causes written notice of
his dissent or abstention as to any specific action to be received by the
presiding officer of the meeting before its adjournment or by the
corporation promptly after the adjournment of the meeting. A director
may dissent to a specific action at a meeting, while assenting to others.
The right to dissent to a specific action taken at a meeting of the board
of directors or a committee of the board shall not be available to a
director who voted in favor of such action.
Section 11. Committees. By resolution adopted by a
majority of all the directors in office when the action is taken, the
board of directors may designate from among its members an
executive committee and one or more other committees, and appoint
one or more members of the board of directors to serve on them. To
the extent provided in the resolution, each committee shall have all the
authority of the board of directors, except that no such committee shall
have the authority to (i) authorize distributions, (ii) approve or propose
to shareholders actions or proposals required by the Colorado Business
Corporation Act to be approved by shareholders, (iii) fill vacancies on
the board of directors or any committee thereof, (iv) amend articles of
incorporation, (v) adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws, (vi) approve a
plan of merger not requiring shareholder approval, (vii) authorize or
approve the reacquisition of shares unless pursuant to a formula or
method prescribed by the board of directors, or (viii) authorize or
approve the issuance or sale of shares, or contract for the sale of
shares or determine the designations and relative rights, preferences
and limitations of a class or series of shares, except that the board of
directors may authorize a committee or officer to do so within limits
specifically prescribed by the board of directors. The committee shall
then have full power within the limits set by the board of directors to
adopt any final resolution setting forth all preferences, limitations and
relative rights of such class or series and to authorize an amendment of
the articles of incorporation stating the preferences, limitations and
relative rights of a class or series for filing with the Secretary of State
under the Colorado Business Corporation Act.
Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12 of Article IIII, which govern
meetings, notice, waiver of notice, quorum, voting requirements and
action without a meeting of the board of directors, shall apply to
committees and their members appointed under this Section 11.
Neither the designation of any such committee, the delegation
of authority to such committee, nor any action by such committee
pursuant to its authority shall alone constitute compliance by any
member of the board of directors or a member of the committee in
question with his responsibility to conform to the standards of care set
forth in Article III, Section 14 of these bylaws.
Section 12. Action Without a Meeting. Any action required
or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the directors or any committee
designated by the board of directors may be taken without a meeting if
a written consent (or counterparts thereof) that sets forth the action so
taken is signed by all of the directors entitled to vote with respect to
the action taken. Such consent shall have the same force and effect as
a unanimous vote of the directors or committee members and may be
stated as such in any document. Unless the consent specifies a
different effective date, action taken under this Section 12 is effective
at the time the last director signs a writing describing the action taken,
unless, before such time, any director has revoked his consent by a
writing signed by the director and received by the president or
secretary of the corporation.
Section 13. Telephonic Meetings. The board of directors
may permit any director (or any member of a committee designated by
the board) to participate in a regular or special meeting of the board of
directors or a committee thereof through the use of any means of
communication by which all directors participating in the meeting can
hear each other during the meeting. A director participating in a
meeting in this manner is deemed to be present in person at the
meeting.
Section 14. Standard of Care. A director shall perform his
duties as a director, including, without limitation his duties as a
member of any committee of the board, in good faith, in a manner he
reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation, and
with the care an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would
exercise under similar circumstances. In performing his duties, a
director shall be entitled to rely on information, opinions, reports or
statements, including financial statements and other financial data, in
each case prepared or presented by the persons herein designated.
However, he shall not be considered to be acting in good faith if he
has knowledge concerning the matter in question that would cause
such reliance to be unwarranted. A director shall not be liable to the
corporation or its shareholders for any action he takes or omits to take
as a director if, in connection with such action or omission, he
performs his duties in compliance with this Section 14.
The designated persons on whom a director is entitled to rely
are (i) one or more officers or employees of the corporation whom the
director reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters
presented, (ii) legal counsel, public accountant, or other person as to
matters which the director reasonably believes to be within such
person's professional or expert competence, or (iii) a committee of the
board of directors on which the director does not serve if the director
reasonably believes the committee merits confidence.
ARTICLE IV
Officers and Agents
Section 1. General. The officers of the corporation shall be
a president, one or more vice presidents, a secretary, a treasurer,
and/or such other officers as may be appointed from time to time by
the board of directors, each of whom shall be a natural person eighteen
years of age or older. The board of directors or an officer or officers
authorized by the board may appoint such other officers, assistant
officers, committees and agents, including a chairman of the board,
assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, as they may consider
necessary. The board of directors or the officer or officers authorized
by the board shall from time to time determine the procedure for the
appointment of officers, their term of office, their authority and duties
and their compensation. One person may hold more than one office.
In all cases where the duties of any officer, agent or employee are not
prescribed by the bylaws, or by the board of directors, such officer,
agent or employee shall follow the orders and instructions of the
president of the corporation.
Section 2. Appointment and Term of Office. The officers
of the corporation shall be appointed by the board of directors at each
annual meeting of the board held after each annual meeting of the
shareholders. If the appointment of officers is not made at such
meeting or if an officer or officers are to be appointed by another
officer or officers of the corporation, such appointment shall be made
as soon thereafter as conveniently may be. Each officer shall hold
office until the first of the following occurs: his successor shall have
been duly appointed and qualified, his death, his resignation, or his
removal in the manner provided in Section 3.
Section 3. Resignation and Removal. An officer may
resign at any time by giving written notice of resignation to the
corporation. The resignation is effective when the notice is received
by the corporation unless the notice specifies a later effective date.
Any officer or agent may be removed at any time with or
without cause by the board of directors or an officer or officers
authorized by the board. Such removal does not affect the contract
rights, if any, of the corporation or of the person so removed. The
appointment of an officer or agent shall not in itself create contract
rights.
Section 4. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office, however
occurring, may be filled by the board of directors, or by the officer or
officers authorized by the board, for the unexpired portion of the
officer's term. If an officer resigns and his resignation is made
effective at a later date, the board of directors, or officer or officers
authorized by the board, may permit the officer to remain in office
until the effective date and may fill the pending vacancy before the
effective date if the board of directors or officer or officers authorized
by the board provide that the successor shall not take office until the
effective date. In the alternative, the board of directors, or officer or
officers authorized by the board of directors, may remove the officer
at any time before the effective date and may fill the resulting
vacancy.
Section 5. President. Subject to the direction and
supervision of the board of directors, the president shall be the chief
executive officer of the corporation, and shall have general and active
control of its affairs and business and general supervision of its
officers, agents and employees. Unless otherwise directed by the
board of directors, the president shall attend in person or by substitute
appointed by him, or shall execute on behalf of the corporation written
instruments appointing a proxy or proxies to represent the corporation,
at all meetings of the stockholders of any other corporation in which
the corporation holds any stock. On behalf of the corporation, the
president may in person or by substitute or by proxy execute written
waivers of notice and consents with respect to any such meetings. At
all such meetings and otherwise, the president, in person or by
substitute or proxy, may vote the stock held by the corporation,
execute written consents and other instruments with respect to such
stock, and exercise any and all rights and powers incident to the
ownership or said stock, subject to the instructions, if any, of the board
of directors. The president shall have custody of the treasurer's bond,
if any.
Section 6. Vice Presidents. The vice presidents shall assist
the president and shall perform such duties as may be assigned to them
by the president or by the board of directors. In the absence of the
president, the vice president, if any (or, if more than one, the vice
presidents in the order designated by the board of directors, or if the
board makes no such designation, then the vice president designated by
the president, or if neither the board nor the president makes any such
designation, the senior vice president as determined by first election to
that office), shall have the powers and perform the duties of the
president.
Section 7. Secretary. The secretary shall (i) prepare and
maintain as permanent records the minutes of the proceedings of the
shareholders and the board of directors, a record of all actions taken
by the shareholders or board of directors without a meeting, a record
of all actions taken by a committee of the board of directors in place
of the board of directors on behalf of the corporation, and a record of
all waivers of notice of meetings of shareholders and of the board of
directors or any committee thereof, (ii) see that all notices are duly
given in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws and as
required by law, (iii) serve as custodian of the corporate records and of
the seal of the corporation and affix the seal to all documents when
authorized by the board of directors, (iv) keep at the corporation's
registered office or principal place of business a record containing the
names and addresses of all shareholders in a form that permits
preparation of a list of shareholders arranged by voting group and by
class or series of shares within each group, that is alphabetical within
each class or series and that shows the address of, and the number of
shares of each class or series held by each shareholder, unless such a
record shall be kept at the office of the corporation's transfer agent or
registrar, (v) maintain at the corporation's principal office the originals
or copies of the corporation's articles of incorporation, bylaws,
minutes of all shareholders' meetings and records of all action taken
by shareholders without a meeting for the past three years, all written
communications within the past three years to shareholders as a group
or to the holders of any class or series of shares as a group, a list of
the name and business addresses of the current directors and officers, a
copy of the corporation's most recent corporate report filed with the
Secretary of State, and financial statements showing in reasonable
detail the corporation's assets and liabilities and results of operations
for the last three years, (vi) have general charge of the stock transfer
books of the corporation, unless the corporation has a transfer agent,
(vii) authenticate records of the corporation, and (vii) in general,
perform all duties incident to the office of secretary and such other
duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the president or
by the board of directors. Assistant secretaries, if any, shall have the
same duties and powers subject to supervision by the secretary. The
directors and/or shareholders may however respectively designate a
person other than the secretary or assistant secretary to keep the
minutes of their respective meetings.
Any books, records, or minutes of the corporation may be in
written form or in any form capable of being converted into written
form within a reasonable time.
Section 8. Treasurer. The treasurer shall be the principal
financial officer of the corporation, shall have the care and custody of
all funds, securities, evidences of indebtedness and other personal
property of the corporation and shall deposit the same in accordance
with the instructions of the board of directors. He shall receive and
give receipts and acquittances for money paid in on account of the
corporation, and shall pay out of the corporation's funds on hand all
bills, payrolls and other just debts of the corporation of whatever
nature upon maturity. He shall perform all other duties incident to the
office of the treasurer and, upon request of the board, shall make such
reports to it as may be required at any time. He shall, if required by
the board, give the corporation a bond in such sums and with such
sureties as shall be satisfactory to the board, conditioned upon the
faithful performance of his duties and for the restoration to the
corporation of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property
of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to
the corporation. He shall have such other powers and perform such
other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the board of
directors or the president. The assistant treasurers, if any, shall have
the same powers and duties, subject to the supervision of the treasurer.
The treasurer shall also be the principal accounting officer of
the corporation. He shall prescribe and maintain the methods and
systems of accounting to be followed, keep complete books and
records of account as required by the Colorado Business Corporation
Act, prepare and file all local, state and federal tax returns, prescribe
and maintain an adequate system of internal audit and prepare and
furnish to the president and the board of directors statements of
account showing the financial position of the corporation and the
results of its operations.
ARTICLE V
Stock
Section 1. Certificates. The board of directors shall be
authorized to issue any of its classes of shares with or without
certificates. The fact that the shares are not represented by certificates
shall have no effect on the rights and obligations of shareholders. If
the shares are represented by certificates, such shares shall be
represented by consecutively numbered certificates signed, either
manually or by facsimile, in the name of the corporation by one or
more persons designated by the board of directors. In case any officer
who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon
such certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such
certificate is issued, such certificate may nonetheless be issued by the
corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer at the date
of its issue. Certificates of stock shall be in such form and shall
contain such information consistent with law as shall be prescribed by
the board of directors. If shares are not represented by certificates,
within a reasonable time following the issue or transfer of such shares,
the corporation shall send the shareholder a complete written statement
of all of the information required to be provided to holders of
uncertificated shares by the Colorado Business Corporation Act.
Section 2. Consideration for Shares. Certificated or un-
certificated shares shall not be issued until the shares represented
thereby are fully paid. The board of directors may authorize the
issuance of shares for consideration consisting of any tangible or
intangible property or benefit to the corporation, including cash,
promissory notes, services performed or other securities of the
corporation. Future services shall not constitute payment or partial
payment for shares of the corporation. The promissory note of a
subscriber or an affiliate of a subscriber shall not constitute payment or
partial payment for shares of the corporation unless the note is
negotiable and is secured by collateral, other than the shares being
purchased, having a fair market value at least equal to the principal
amount of the note. For purposes of this Section 2, "promissory note"
means a negotiable instrument on which there is an obligation to pay
independent of collateral and does not include a non-recourse note.
Section 3. Lost Certificates. In case of the alleged loss,
destruction or mutilation of a certificate of stock, the board of
directors may direct the issuance of a new certificate in lieu thereof
upon such terms and conditions in conformity with law as the board
may prescribe. The board of directors may in its discretion require an
affidavit of lost certificate and/or a bond in such form and amount and
with such surety as it may determine before issuing a new certificate.
Section 4. Transfer of Shares. Upon surrender to the
corporation or to a transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate of
stock duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession,
assignment or authority to transfer, and receipt of such documentary
stamps as may be required by law and evidence of compliance with all
applicable securities laws and other restrictions, the corporation shall
issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, and cancel the old
certificate. Every such transfer of stock shall be entered on the stock
books of the corporation which shall be kept at its principal office or
by the person and at the place designated by the board of directors.
Except as otherwise expressly provided in Article II, Sections 7
and 11, and except for the assertion of dissenters' rights to the extent
provided in Article 113 of the Colorado Business Corporation Act, the
corporation shall be entitled to treat the registered holder of any shares
of the corporation as the owner thereof for all purposes, and the
corporation shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other
claim to, or interest in, such shares or rights deriving from such shares
on the part of any person other than the registered holder, including
without limitation any purchaser, assignee or transferee of such shares
or rights deriving from such shares, unless and until such other person
becomes the registered holder of such shares, whether or not the
corporation shall have either actual or constructive notice of the
claimed interest of such other person.
Section 5. Transfer Agent, Registrars and Paying Agents.
The board may at its discretion appoint one or more transfer agents,
registrars and agents for making payment upon any class of stock,
bond, debenture or other security of the corporation. Such agents and
registrars may be located either within or outside Colorado. They
shall have such rights and duties and shall be entitled to such
compensation as may be agreed.
ARTICLE VI
Indemnification of Certain Persons
Section 1. Indemnification. For purposes of Article VI, a
"Proper Person" means any person who was or is a party or is
threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or complete
action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, and whether formal or informal, by reason of the fact
that he is or was a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of
the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation
as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, fiduciary or agent of
any foreign or domestic profit or nonprofit corporation or of any
partnership, joint venture, trust, profit or nonprofit unincorporated
association, limited liability company, or other enterprise or employee
benefit plan. The corporation shall indemnify any Proper Person
against reasonably incurred expenses (including any attorneys' fees),
judgments, penalties, fines (including any excise tax assessed with
respect to an employee benefit plan) and amounts paid in settlement
reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or
proceeding if it is determined by the groups set forth in Section 4 of
this Article that he conducted himself in good faith and that he
reasonably believed (i) in the case of conduct in his official capacity
with the corporation, that his conduct was in the corporation's best
interests, or (ii) in all other cases (except criminal cases), that his
conduct was at least not opposed to the corporation's best interests, or
(iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, that he had no reasonable
cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. A Proper Person will be
deemed to be acting in his official capacity while acting as a director,
officer, employee or agent on behalf of this corporation and not while
acting on this corporation's behalf for some other entity.
No indemnification shall be made under this Article VI to a
Proper Person with respect to any claim, issue or matter in connection
with a proceeding by or in the right of a corporation in which the
Proper Person was adjudged liable to the corporation or in connection
with any proceeding charging that the Proper Person derived an
improper personal benefit, whether or not involving action in an
official capacity, in which he was adjudged liable on the basis that he
derived an improper personal benefit. Further, indemnification under
this Section in connection with a proceeding brought by or in the right
of the corporation shall be limited to reasonable expenses, including
attorneys' fees, incurred in connection with the proceeding.
Section 2. Right to Indemnification. The corporation shall
indemnify any Proper Person who was wholly successful, on the
merits or otherwise, in defense of any action, suit, or proceeding as to
which he was entitled to indemnification under Section 1 of this
Article VI against expenses (including attorneys' fees) reasonably
incurred by him in connection with the proceeding without the
necessity of any action by the corporation other than the determination
in good faith that the defense has been wholly successful.
Section 3. Effect of Termination of Action. The
termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order,
settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its
equivalent, shall not of itself create a presumption that the person
seeking indemnification did not meet the standards of conduct
described in Section 1 of this Article VI. Entry of a judgment by
consent as part of a settlement shall not be deemed an adjudication of
liability, as described in Section 2 of this Article VI.
Section 4. Groups Authorized to Make Indemnification
Determination. Except where there is a right to indemnification as set
forth in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article or where indemnification is
ordered by a court in Section 5, any indemnification shall be made by
the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a
determination by a proper group that indemnification of the Proper
Person is permissible under the circumstances because he has met the
applicable standards of conduct set forth in Section 1 of this Article.
This determination shall be made by the board of directors by a
majority vote of those present at a meeting at which a quorum is
present, which quorum shall consist of directors not parties to the
proceeding ("Quorum"). If a Quorum cannot be obtained, the
determination shall be made by a majority vote of a committee of the
board of directors designated by the board, which committee shall
consist of two or more directors not parties to the proceeding, except
that directors who are parties to the proceeding may participate in the
designation of directors for the committee. If a Quorum of the board
of directors cannot be obtained and the committee cannot be
established, or even if a Quorum is obtained or the committee is
designated and a majority of the directors constituting such Quorum or
committee so directs, the determination shall be made by (i)
independent legal counsel selected by a vote of the board of directors
or the committee in the manner specified in this Section 4, or, if a
Quorum of the full board of directors cannot be obtained and a
committee cannot be established, by independent legal counsel selected
by a majority vote of the full board (including directors who are
parties to the action) or (ii) a vote of the shareholders.
Section 5. Court-Ordered Indemnification. Any Proper
Person may apply for indemnification to the court conducting the
proceeding or to another court of competent jurisdiction for mandatory
indemnification under Section 2 of this Article, including
indemnification for reasonable expenses incurred to obtain court-
ordered indemnification. If the court determines that such Proper
Person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of
all the relevant circumstances, whether or not he met the standards of
conduct set forth in Section 1 of this Article or was adjudged liable in
the proceeding, the court may order such indemnification as the court
deems proper except that if the Proper Person has been adjudged
liable, indemnification shall be limited to reasonable expenses incurred
in connection with the proceeding and reasonable expenses incurred to
obtain court-ordered indemnification.
Section 6. Advance of Expenses. Reasonable expenses
(including attorneys' fees) incurred in defending an action, suit or
proceeding as described in Section 1 may be paid by the corporation to
any Proper Person in advance of the final disposition of such action,
suit or proceeding upon receipt of (i) a written affirmation of such
Proper Person's good faith belief that he has met the standards of
conduct prescribed by Section 1 of this Article VI, (ii) a written
undertaking, executed personally or on the Proper Person's behalf, to
repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that he did not meet
the prescribed standards of conduct (the undertaking shall be an
unlimited general obligation of the Proper Person but need not be
secured and may be accepted without reference to financial ability to
make repayment), and (iii) a determination is made by the proper
group (as described in Section 3 of this Article VI) that the facts as
then known to the group would not preclude indemnification.
Determination and authorization of payments shall be made in the
same manner specified in Section 4 of this Article VI.
Section 7. Witness Expenses. The sections of this Article
VI do not limit the corporation's authority to pay or reimburse
expenses incurred by a director in connection with an appearance as a
witness in a proceeding at a time when he has not been a named
defendant or respondent in the proceeding.
Section 8. Report to Shareholders. Any indemnification of
or advance of expenses to a director in accordance with this Article
VI, if arising out of a proceeding by or on behalf of the corporation,
shall be reported in writing to the shareholders with or before the
notice of the next shareholders' meeting. If the next shareholder
action is taken without a meeting at the instigation of the board of
directors, such notice shall be given to the shareholders at or before
the time the first shareholder signs a writing consenting to such action.
ARTICLE VII
Provision of Insurance
By action of the board of directors, notwithstanding any interest
of the directors in the action, the corporation may purchase and
maintain insurance, in such scope and amounts as the board of
directors deems appropriate on behalf of any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of the corporation, or
who, while a director, officer, employee, fiduciary or agent of the
corporation, is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a
director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, fiduciary or agent of any
other foreign or domestic corporation or of any partnership, joint
venture, trust, profit or nonprofit unincorporated association, limited
liability company or other enterprise or employee benefit plan, against
any liability asserted against, or incurred by, him in that capacity
arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation would
have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the
provisions of Article VI or applicable law. Any such insurance may
be procured from any insurance company designated by the board of
directors of the corporation, whether such insurance company is
formed under the laws of Colorado or any other jurisdiction of the
United States or elsewhere, including any insurance company in which
the corporation has an equity interest or any other interest, through
stock ownership or otherwise.
ARTICLE VIII
Miscellaneous
Section 1. Seal. The corporate seal of the corporation shall
be circular in form and shall contain the name of the corporation and
the words, "Seal, Colorado."
Section 2. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation
shall be as established by the board of directors.
Section 3. Amendments. The board of directors shall have
power, to the maximum extent permitted by the Colorado Business
Corporation Act, to make, amend and repeal the bylaws of the
corporation at any regular or special meeting of the board unless the
shareholders, in making, amending or repealing a particular bylaw,
expressly provide that the directors may not amend or repeal such
bylaw. The shareholders also shall have the power to make, amend or
repeal the bylaws of the corporation at any annual meeting or at any
special meeting called for that purpose.
Section 4. Gender. The masculine gender is used in these
bylaws as a matter of convenience only and shall be interpreted to
include the feminine and neuter genders as the circumstances indicate.
Section 5. Conflicts. In the event of any irreconcilable
conflict between these bylaws and either the corporation's articles of
incorporation or applicable law, the latter shall control.
Section 6. Definitions. Except as otherwise specifically
provided in these bylaws, all terms used in these bylaws shall have the
same definition as in the Colorado Business Corporation Act.
THE FOREGOING BYLAWS, consisting of eighteen (18)
pages, including this page, constitute the bylaws of Buffalo Capital IV,
Ltd. adopted by the board of directors of the corporation as of August
28, 1996.
/s/
Secretary<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 4.1 - WARRANT AGENT AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT, dated this ____ day of ______________, 1996,
between Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd., a Colorado corporation (the
"Company"), and Buffalo Capital IV, Ltd., or its assigns, as warrant
agent (the "Warrant Agent").
W I T N E S S E T H:
WHEREAS, the Company is issuing 4,830,000 Class A
Common Stock Purchase Warrants ("Class A Warrants"), and
2,415,000 Class B Common Stock Warrants ("Class B Warrants"),
each such warrant to purchase one (1) share of the Company's
Common Stock, no par value per share (the "Common Stock"), and all
such Class A Warrants and Class B Warrants are hereinafter
collectively referred to as the "Warrants;" and
WHEREAS, each Warrant entitles the registered holder to
purchase one (1) share of Common Stock; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to provide for the issuance
of certificates representing the Warrants; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires the Warrant Agent to act on
behalf of the Company, and the Warrant Agent is willing so to act, in
connection with the issuance, registration, transfer and exchange of
certificates representing the Warrants and the exercise of the Warrants;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the
mutual agreements hereinafter set forth, and for the purpose of
defining the terms and provisions of the Warrants and the certificates
representing the Warrants and the respective rights and obligations
thereunder of the Company, the holders of certificates representing the
Warrants, and the Warrant Agent, the parties hereto agree as follows:
SECTION 1. Definitions.
For purposes of this Agreement, the terms listed below shall
have the respective meanings set forth below in this Section, unless the
context shall require otherwise.
(a) "Common Stock" shall mean common stock of
the Company, whether now or hereafter authorized, which has the
right to participate in the distribution of earnings and assets of the
Company without limit as to amount or percentage, which as
authorized at the date hereof consists of 100,000,000 shares.
(b) "Warrant Expiration Date" shall mean 5 p.m.
(Mountain Time) on December 31, 2002, or if such a date shall, in the
State of Colorado, be a holiday or a day on which banks are
authorized to close, then 5 p.m. (Mountain Time) on the next
following day which, in the State of Colorado, is not a holiday or a
day on which banks are authorized to close. The Warrant Expiration
Date may be extended from time to time for an indefinite period, by
action of the Company, upon giving five (5) days prior notice to the
Warrant Agent. Unless exercised during the Warrant Exercise Period,
as defined below, the Warrants will thereafter automatically expire.
(c) "Warrant Exercise Period" shall mean from
January 1, 1997, until the Warrant Expiration Date.
(d) "Corporate Office" shall mean the office of the
Warrant Agent (or its successor) at which at any particular time its
principal business in Denver, Colorado, shall be administered, which
office is located at the date hereof at 7331 S. Meado Court, Boulder,
Colorado 80301.
(e) "Exercise Date" shall mean the date a certificate
representing a Warrant is surrendered for exercise.
(f) "Purchase Price" shall mean (i) $2.00 per share
of Common Stock in the case of a Class A Warrant, and (ii) $4.00 per
share of Common Stock in the case of a Class B Warrant, unless either
such purchase price shall have been reduced as hereinafter provided.
The Company may, in its sole discretion, reduce the Purchase Price of
either the Class A Warrants or the Class B Warrants upon five (5)
days prior notice to the Warrant Agent. Subject to the provisions of
Sections 4 and 5 and the other conditions set forth in this Agreement,
each Warrant is exercisable for one (1) share of Common Stock upon
payment of the Purchase Price at any time during the Warrant Exercise
Period.
(g) "Registered Holder" shall mean the person in
whose name any certificate representing Warrants shall be registered
on the books maintained by the Warrant Agent pursuant to Section 7.
(h) "Subsidiary" or "Subsidiaries" shall mean any
corporation or corporations, as the case may be, of which stock having
ordinary power to elect a majority of the Board of Directors of such
corporation (regardless of whether at the time stock of any other class
or classes of such corporation shall have or may have voting power by
reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time directly or
indirectly owned by the Company or by one or more subsidiaries, or
by the Company and one or more Subsidiaries.
(i) "Transfer Agent" shall mean the Company, or its
authorized successor.
(j) "Warrant Certificate" shall mean a certificate
representing Warrants.
SECTION 2. Warrants and Issuance of Warrant Certificates;
Stop-Transfer Order.
(a) Each Warrant shall entitle the Registered Holder
of the Warrant Certificate
representing such Warrant to purchase one share of
Common Stock upon the exercise thereof. Until the Company shall
have consummated a business combination that does not result in the
cancellation of the Warrants pursuant to Section 5(a), the Warrants (i)
shall be subject to a stop-transfer order, and (ii) may not
be transferred on the books and records of the Company. Unless the
Warrants shall have been cancelled pursuant to Section 5(a), the
Warrants shall become freely transferable upon the consummation of a
business combination by the Company.
(b) Upon execution of this Agreement, Warrant
Certificates representing up to an aggregate of 4,830,000 Class A
Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 4,830,000 shares of Common
Stock and Warrant Certificates representing up to an aggregate of
2,415,000 Class B Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 2,415,000
shares of Common Stock, shall be executed by the Company and
delivered to the Warrant Agent and, after the corresponding certificates
for Warrants shall have been duly countersigned by the Transfer
Agent of the Company's Common Stock, shall be countersigned,
issued and delivered by the Warrant Agent upon written order of the
Company signed by its Chief Executive Officer, President, or a Vice
President and its Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or its Secretary or
Assistant Secretary.
(c) From time to time, up to the Warrant Expiration
Date, plus such additional time as may reasonably be required to
perform, accomplish and complete necessary administrative functions
connected with the exercise of the Warrants, the Transfer Agent shall
countersign and deliver stock certificates representing up to an
aggregate of 4,830,000 shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of
the Class A Warrants and up to an aggregate of 2,415,000 shares of
Common Stock upon the exercise of the Class B Warrants pursuant to
the terms of this Agreement.
(d) From time to time, up to the Warrant Expiration
Date, the Warrant Agent shall countersign and deliver Warrant
Certificates in required whole number denominations to the persons
entitled thereto in connection with any transfer or exchange permitted
under this Agreement. Except as provided in Section 8 hereof, no
Warrant Certificates shall be issued except (i) Warrant Certificates
initially issued hereunder, (ii) Warrant Certificates issued upon the
exercise of any Warrants, to evidence the unexercised Warrants held
by the exercising Registered Holder, and (iii) Warrant Certificates
issued upon any transfer or exchange of Warrants.
SECTION 3. Form and Execution of Warrant Certificates.
The Warrant Certificates shall be substantially in the form
annexed hereto as Exhibit A and Exhibit B (the provisions of which
are incorporated herein by this reference) and may have such letters,
numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such
legends, summaries or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved
thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not
inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, or as may be
required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made
pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any stock exchange
on which the Class A Warrants or the Class B Warrants may be listed,
or to conform to usage. The Warrant Certificates shall be dated the
date of issuance thereof (whether upon initial issuance, transfer,
exchange or in lieu of mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed Warrant
Certificates). Class A Warrants shall be numbered serially with the
letters W-A on Class A Warrants of all denominations. Class B
Warrants shall be numbered serially with the letters W-B on Class B
Warrants of all denominations.
Warrant Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the
Company by its Chief Executive Officer, President or any Vice
President and its Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or its Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary, by manual signatures or by facsimile signatures
printed thereon, and shall have imprinted thereon a facsimile of the
Company's seal. Warrant Certificates shall be manually countersigned
by the Warrant Agent and shall not be valid for any purpose unless so
countersigned. In case any office of the Company who shall have
signed any of the Warrant Certificates shall cease to be such officer of
the Company before the date of issuance of the Warrant Certificates or
before countersignature by the Warrant Agent and issue and delivery
thereof, such Warrant Certificates, nevertheless, may be countersigned
by the Warrant Agent, issued and delivered with the same force and
effect as though the person who signed such Warrant Certificates had
not ceased to be such officer of the Company.
SECTION 4. Exercise of Warrants.
Subject to (i) the provisions of Section 5 and the other
conditions set forth in this Agreement, (ii) the current prospectus
requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (iii) any
additional conditions set forth in the applicable Warrant Certificate,
each Warrant represented by a Warrant Certificate may be exercised
during the applicable Warrant Exercise Period upon the terms set forth
herein and in the applicable Warrant Certificate. A Warrant shall be
deemed to have been exercised immediately prior to the close of
business on the applicable Exercise Date, provided that the Warrant
Certificate representing such Warrant, with the appropriate exercise
form thereon duly executed by the Registered Holder thereof or his or
her attorney duly authorized in writing, together with payment in cash,
or by official bank or certified check made payable to the Company,
of an amount equal to the applicable Purchase Price has been timely
received by the Warrant Agent. Payment must be made in United
States funds. The person entitled to receive the securities deliverable
upon such exercise shall be treated, for all purposes, as the holder of
such securities as of the close of business on the Exercise Date. The
Company shall not be obligated to issue any fractional share interests
or fractional warrant interests upon the exercise of any Warrant or
Warrants. As soon as practicable on or after the Exercise Date, and in
any event within thirty (30) days after such date, if a Warrant has been
exercised, the Warrant Agent, on behalf of the Company, shall cause
to be issued to the person or persons entitled to receive the same, a
Common Stock certificate or certificates for the shares of Common
Stock, and the Warrant Agent shall deliver the same to the person or
persons entitled thereto. No adjustment shall be made in respect of
dividends on any shares delivered upon exercise of any Warrant.
Upon the exercise of any Warrants, the Warrant Agent shall promptly
notify the Company in writing of such fact and of the number of
securities delivered upon such exercise and shall cause all payments of
an amount in cash or check made payable to the order of the
Company, equal to the Purchase Price, to be deposited promptly into
the Company's bank account.
Notwithstanding the other provisions hereof, no Warrants may
be exercised unless the Company maintains a current registration
statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
("Registration Statement") in effect during the exercise period of the
Warrants. The Company will use its best efforts to file a Registration
Statement, and to keep the information on the Company therein current
during the period during which the Warrants may be exercised. The
Company will have no obligation, however, to file or to keep the
Registration Statement current for Common Stock to be issued
pursuant to a class of Warrants when the market bid price for the
Company's Common Stock is below the exercise price of such class of
Warrants, or when there is no current public market for the Company's
Common Stock.
SECTION 5. Cancellation of Warrants. Anything in this
Agreement or in the applicable Warrant Certificate to the contrary
notwithstanding, the Warrants shall be subject to cancellation by the
Company as follows:
(a) Subject to the limitations set forth below in this Subsection (a),
all, but not less than all, of the Warrants may be cancelled by the
Company at any time prior to the declaration by the Securities and
Exchange Commission of the effectiveness of a Registration Statement
under which the Common Stock shall have been registered without
prior written notice to the registered holders of the Warrants and
without any right on the part of the holders of the Warrants to exercise
their purchase rights prior to the cancellation date. Upon cancellation,
the Warrantholder will forfeit his right to purchase the Common Stock
underlying the Warrants. Because the Warrants may be exercised only
so long as the Company meets the current prospectus requirements of
the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, a cancellation of the Warrants
pursuant to this Subsection (a) will mean that the Warrantholder shall
never have received an opportunity to exercise the Warrants following
the acquisition of a business opportunity by the Company. The
Company's right to cancel the Warrants in accordance with this
Subsection (a) may be exercised, however, only in the event that
management of a business opportunity that is the target of a business
combination with the Company shall have required, in writing, that the
cancellation of the Warrants shall be a condition precedent to the
consummation of the business combination between the Company and
the target company. The cancellation is to become effective only upon
the closing of such a business combination. Should the contemplated
business combination fail to close, the cancellation shall be void and
the exercisability of the Warrants covered by the cancellation shall not
be affected. The failure of one or more business combinations to close
shall not, however, impair the Company's right to cancel Warrants
under this Subsection (a) if the Company enters into arrangements for
a subsequent business combination featuring the warrant-cancellation
condition described in this Subsection (a). To the extent that the
management of a business opportunity that consummates a business
combination with the Company does not require cancellation of
Warrants as a condition of closing, the right of the Company to
cancel Warrants under this Subsection (a) shall be extinguished. (b)
In addition to the cancellation mechanism described in Subsection (a),
above, all or any number of the Warrants can be cancelled by the
Company at any time during their exercise term upon a minimum of
thirty (30) days prior written notice mailed to the registered holders of
the Warrants to exercise their purchase rights between the date of any
notice of cancellation up to and including the cancellation date given
by the company. The notice period may be extended, at the discretion
of the Company, upon giving subsequent notice to the Warrant Agent
and to registered holders of the Warrants. Any holder who does not
exercise his Warrants prior to the date set for cancellation will forfeit
his right to purchase the Common Stock underlying the Warrants.
SECTION 6. Reservation of Shares; Listing; Payment of
Taxes; etc.
The Company covenants that it will at all times reserve and
keep available out of its authorized Common Stock, solely for the
purpose of issue upon exercise of Warrants, such number of shares of
Common Stock as shall then be issuable upon the exercise of all
outstanding Warrants. The Company covenants that all shares of
Common Stock which shall be issuable upon exercise of Warrants
shall be duly and validly issued and fully paid and nonassessable and
free from all taxes, liens and charges with respect to the issue thereof,
and that upon issuance, such shares shall be listed on each national
securities exchange, if any, on which the other shares of outstanding
Common Stock of the Company are then listed.
If any securities to be reserved for the purpose of exercise of
Warrants hereunder require registration with or approval of any
governmental authority under any federal or state law, before such
securities may be validly issued or delivered upon such exercise, then
the Company covenants that it will, in good faith and as expeditiously
as possible, endeavor to secure such registration or approval, as the
case may be, provided, however, that the Company need not endeavor
to seek such registration or approval in a state in which the Warrants
were not sold by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement
unless an exemption from registration under such state's laws is
available or such registration or approval may be obtained with
reasonable efforts and expenses, and provided further, that Warrants
may not be exercised by, or shares of Common Stock issued to, any
Registered Holder in any state in which such exercise would be
unlawful.
The Company shall pay all documentary, stamp or similar taxes
and other governmental charges that may be imposed with respect to
the issuance of Warrants, or the issuance or delivery of any shares
upon exercise of the said Warrants; provided, however, that if shares
of Common Stock are to be delivered in a name other than the name
of the Registered Holder of the Warrant Certificate representing any
Warrant being exercised, then no such delivery shall be made unless
the person requesting the same has paid to the Warrant Agent the
amount of transfer taxes or charges incident thereto, if any.
The Warrant Agent, unless it is already acting as such, is
hereby irrevocably authorized to requisition the Transfer Agent from
time to time for certificates representing shares of Common Stock
required upon exercise of the Warrants, and the Company will
authorize the Transfer Agent to comply with all such requisitions. The
Company will file with the Warrant Agent a statement setting forth the
name and address of the Transfer Agent for shares of Common Stock
or other capital stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and of
each successor Transfer Agent.
SECTION 7. Exchange and Registration of Transfer.
Warrant Certificates may be exchanged for other Warrant
Certificates representing an equal aggregate number of Warrants or
may be transferred in whole or in part. Warrant Certificates to be so
exchanged shall be surrendered to the Warrant Agent at its Corporate
Office, accompanied by an Assignment, when necessary, and the
Company shall execute and the Warrant Agent shall countersign, issue
and deliver in exchange therefor, the Warrant Certificate or Certificates
which the Registered Holder making the exchange shall be entitled to
receive.
The Warrant Agent shall keep at such office, books in which,
subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, it shall
register Warrant Certificates and the transfer thereof. Upon due
presentment for registration of transfer of any Warrant Certificate at
such office, the Company shall execute and the Warrant Agent shall
issue and deliver to the transferee or transferees a new Warrant
Certificate or Certificates representing an equal aggregate number of
Warrants.
With respect to all Warrant Certificates presented for
registration or transfer, or for exchange or exercise, the subscription
form on the reverse thereof shall be duly endorsed, or be accompanied
by a written instrument or instruments of transfer and subscription, in
form satisfactory to the Company and the Warrant Agent, duly
executed by the Registered Holder thereof or his or her attorney duly
authorized in writing.
A service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration
or transfer of Warrant Certificates. In addition, the Company may
require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in connection therewith.
All Warrant Certificates so surrendered for exercise or for
exchange in case of mutilated Warrant Certificates shall be promptly
cancelled by the Warrant Agent and thereafter retained by the Warrant
Agent until termination of the agency.
Prior to due presentment for registration of transfer thereof, the
Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the Registered
Holder of any Warrant Certificate as the absolute owner thereof and of
each Warrant represented thereby (notwithstanding any notations of
ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Company
or the Warrant Agent) for all purposes and shall not be affected by any
notice to the contrary.
SECTION 8. Loss or Mutilation.
Upon receipt by the Company and the Warrant Agent of
evidence satisfactory to them of the ownership of and the loss, theft,
destruction or mutilation of any Warrant Certificate and (in the case of
loss, theft or destruction) of indemnity satisfactory to them, and (in the
case of mutilation) upon surrender and cancellation thereof, the
Company shall execute and the Warrant Agent shall countersign and
deliver in lieu thereof, a new Warrant Certificate representing an equal
aggregate number of Warrants. Applicants for a substitute Warrant
Certificate shall also comply with such other reasonable regulations
and pay such other reasonable charges as the Warrant Agent may
prescribe.
SECTION 9. Adjustment of Purchase Price and Number of
Shares Deliverable After a Recapitalization or Restructuring of the
Company.
(a) After each adjustment of the Purchase Price, pursuant to this
Section 9, the number of Common Stock purchasable upon the
exercise of each Warrant shall be the number derived by dividing such
adjusted Purchase Price into the original Purchase Price as defined in
Section 1(f). In addition to this Section 9, the Company's Board of
Directors may, in its discretion, reduce the applicable purchase price
upon the giving of five (5) days prior notice to the registered holders
of the Warrants and to the Warrant Agent. Such reductions shall not
be subject to the adjustment provisions of this Section 9.
(b) The Purchase Price shall be subject to adjustment as set forth
below:
(i) In case the Company shall hereafter (A) pay a dividend or
make a distribution on its Common Stock in shares of its capital stock
(whether shares of Common Stock or of capital stock of any other
class), (B) subdivide its outstanding shares of Common Stock, (C)
combine its outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller
number or shares, or (D) issue by reclassification of its shares of
Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, the
Purchase Price in effect immediately prior to such action shall be
adjusted so that the Registered Holder of any Warrant thereafter
exercised shall be entitled to receive the number of shares of capital
stock of the Company which he or she would have owned immediately
following such action had such Warrant been exercised immediately
prior thereto.
(ii) An adjustment made pursuant to this subsection shall become
effective immediately after the record date in the case of a dividend
and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the
case of a subdivision, combination, reclassification or issue. If, as a
result of an adjustment made pursuant to this subsection, the
Registered Holder of any Warrant thereafter exercised shall become
entitled to receive shares of two or more classes of capital stock of the
Company, the Board of Directors (whose determination shall be
conclusive and shall be described in a statement filed with the Warrant
Agent) shall determine the allocation of the adjusted Purchase Price
between or among shares of such classes of capital stock.
(iii) No adjustment in the Purchase Price shall be required to be
made unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of
at least $.01; provided, however, that any adjustments, which by
reason of this subsection, are not required to be made, shall be carried
forward and taken into account in any subsequent adjustment. All
calculations under this Section 9 shall be made to the earnest
one-hundredth of a share, as the case may be, but in no event shall the
Company be obligated to issue fractional shares upon the exercise of
any Warrant.
(iv) In the event that at any time as a result of an adjustment made
pursuant to subsection (i) of this Section 9(b), the Registered Holder
of any Warrant thereafter exercised shall become entitled to receive
any shares of the Company other than shares of its Common Stock,
thereafter the Purchase price of such other shares so receivable upon
exercise of any Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to
time in a manner and on terms as nearly equivalent as practicable to
the provisions with respect to Common Stock contained in subsections
(i) through (iii) of this
Section 9(b).
(c) In case of any reclassification or change of outstanding
shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants (other
than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or from
no par value to par value or as a result of a subdivision or
combination), or in case of any consolidation or merger of the
Company with or into another corporation (other than a merger with a
Subsidiary in which merger the Company is the continuing corporation
and which does not result in any reclassification or change of the then
outstanding shares of Common Stock or other capital stock issuable
upon exercise of the Warrants [other than a change in par value, or
from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value or as
a result of a subdivision or combination]) or in case of any sale or
conveyance to another corporation of the property of the Company as
an entirety or substantially as an entirety, then, as a condition of such
reclassification, change, consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance, the
Company, or such successor or purchasing corporation, as the case
may be, shall make lawful and adequate provision whereby the
Registered Holder of each Warrant then outstanding shall have the
right thereafter to receive on exercise of such Warrant, the kind and
amount of securities and property receivable upon such reclassification,
change, consolidation, merger, sale or conveyance by a Holder of the
number of securities issuable upon exercise of such Warrant
immediately prior to such reclassification, change, consolidation,
merger, sale or conveyance and shall forthwith file at the Corporate
Office of the Warrant Agent, a statement signed by its Chief Executive
Officer, President or a Vice President and its Treasurer or an Assistant
Treasurer or its Secretary or an Assistant Secretary evidencing such
provisions. Such provisions shall include provision for adjustment
which shall be as nearrly equivalent as may be practicable to the
adjustments provided for in Section 9(b). The above provisions of
this Section 9(c) shall similarly apply to the successive reclassifications
and changes of shares of Common Stock and to successive
consolidations, mergers, sales or conveyances.
(d) Before taking any action which would cause an adjustment
reducing the Purchase Price below the then par value of the shares of
Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants, the Company
will take any corporate action which may, in the opinion of its
counsel, be necessary in order that the Company may validly and
legally issue fully paid and nonassessable shares of such Common
Stock at such adjusted Purchase Price.
(i) Upon any adjustment of the Purchase Price required to be made
pursuant to this Section 9, the Company within thirty (30) days
thereafter shall (A) cause to be filed with the Warrant Agent a
certificate of a firm of independent accountants setting forth the
Purchase Price after such adjustment and setting forth in reasonable
detail the method of calculation and the facts upon which such
calculation is based, which certificate shall be conclusive evidence of
the correctness of such adjustment, and (B) cause to be mailed to each
of the Registered Holders of Warrant Certificates written notice of
such adjustment. Where appropriate, such notice may be given in
advance and included as a part of the notice required to be mailed
under the provisions of Subsection
9(d)(ii).
(ii) In case at any time:
(A) The Company shall declare any dividend upon its
Common Stock payable otherwise than in cash or in Common Stock of
the Company; or
(B) The Company shall offer for subscription to all the
holders of its Common Stock, but not to the public generally, any
additional shares of stock of any class or any other securities
convertible into shares of stock or any rights to subscribe therefore; or
(C) There shall be any capital reorganization or reclassification
of the capital stock of the Company, or a sale of all or substantially all
of the assets of the Company, or a consolidation or merger of the
Company with another corporation (other than a merger with a
Subsidiary in which merger the Company is the continuing corporation
and which does not result in any reclassification or change of the then
outstanding shares of Common Stock or other capital stock issuable
upon exercise of the Warrants [other than a change in par value, or
from par value to no par value, or from no par value to par value, or
as a result of subdivision or combination]); or
(D) There shall be a voluntary or involuntary dissolution,
liquidation or winding up of the Company; then, in any one or more
of said cases, the Company shall cause to be mailed to each of the
Registered Holders of Warrants, at the earliest practicable time (and, in
any event, not less than twenty (20) days before any record date or
other date set for definitive action), written notice of the date on which
the books of the Company shall close or a record shall be taken for
such dividend, distribution or subscription rights or such
reorganization, reclassification, sale, consolidation, merger, dissolution,
liquidation or winding up shall taken place, as the case may be. Such
notice shall also set forth such facts as shall indicate the effect of such
action (to the extent that such effect may be known at the date of such
notice) on the Purchase Price and the kind and amount of the shares of
stock and other securities and property deliverable upon exercise of the
Warrants. Such notice shall also specify the date as of which the
holders of the Common Stock of record shall participate in said
dividend, distribution or subscription rights or shall be entitled to
exchange their Common Stock for securities or other property
deliverable upon such reorganization, reclassification, sale,
consolidation, merger, dissolution, liquidation or winding up, as the
case may be (on which date, in the event of voluntary or involuntary
dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, the right to
exercise the Warrants shall terminate).
(iii) Without limiting the obligation of the Company to provide
notice to the Registered Holders of corporation actions hereunder, it is
agreed that failure of the Company to give notice shall not invalidate
such corporation action of the Company.
SECTION 10. Concerning the Warrant Agent.
The Warrant Agent acts hereunder as agent and in a ministerial
capacity for the Company, and its duties shall be determined solely by
the provisions hereof. The Warrant Agent shall not, by issuing and
delivering Warrant Certificates or by any other act hereunder, be
deemed to make any representations as to the validity or value or
authorization of the Warrant Certificate or the Warrants represented
thereby or of any securities or other property delivered upon exercise
of any Warrant or whether any stock issued upon exercise of any
Warrant is fully paid and nonassessable.
The Warrant Agent shall not at any time (i) be liable for any
recital or statement of fact contained herein or for any action taken,
suffered or omitted by it in reliance on any Warrant Certificate or
other document or instrument believed by it in good faith to be
genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or
parties, (ii) be responsible for any failure on the part of the Company
to comply with any of its covenants and obligations contained in this
Agreement or in any Warrant Certificate, or (iii) be liable for any act
or omissions in connection with this Agreement except for its own
negligence or willful misconduct.
The Warrant Agent may at any time consult with counsel for
the Company and shall incur no liability or responsibility for any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith in accordance with
the option or advice of such counsel.
Any notice, statement, instruction, request, direction, order or
demand of the Company shall be sufficiently evidenced by an
instrument signed by its Chief Executive Officer, President, a Vice
President, its Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, its Secretary, or an
Assistant Secretary (unless other evidence in respect thereof is herein
specifically prescribed). The Warrant Agent shall not be liable for any
action taken, suffered or omitted by it in accordance with such notice,
statement, instruction, request, direction, order or demand.
The Company agrees to pay the Warrant Agent reasonable
compensation for its services hereunder and to reimburse it for its
reasonable expenses hereunder; it further agrees to indemnify the
Warrant Agent and save it harmless against any and all losses,
expenses and liabilities, including judgments, costs and counsel fees,
for anything done or omitted by the Warrant Agent in the execution of
its duties and powers hereunder except losses, expenses and liabilities
arising as a result of the Warrant Agent's negligence or willful
misconduct.
The Warrant Agent may resign its duties and be discharged
from all further duties and liabilities hereunder (except liabilities
arising as a result of the Warrant Agent's own negligence or willful
misconduct), after giving thirty (30) days prior written notice to the
Company. At least fifteen (15) days prior to the date, such resignation
is to become effective, the Warrant Agent shall cause a copy of such
notice of resignation to be mailed to the Registered Holder of each
Warrant Certificate at the Company's expense. Upon such resignation,
the company shall appoint in writing, a new warrant agent. If the
company shall fail to make such appointment within a period of thirty
(30) days after it has been notified in writing of such resignation by
the resigning Warrant Agent, then the Registered Holder of any
Warrant Certificate may apply in any court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of a new warrant agent. Any new warrant agent,
whether appointed by the Company or by such a court, shall be a bank
or trust company having a capital and surplus, as shown by its last
published report of its stockholders, of not less than $1,000,000 or a
stock transfer company doing business in the Denver, Colorado,
metropolitan area. After acceptance in writing of such appointment by
the new warrant agent is received by the Company, such new warrant
agent shall be vested with the same powers, rights, duties and
responsibilities as if it had been originally named herein as the warrant
agent, without any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed; but if
for any reason it shall be necessary or expedient to execute and deliver
any further assurance, conveyance, act or deed, the same shall be done
at the expense of the Company and shall be legally and validly
executed and delivered by the resigning Warrant Agent. Not later than
the effective date of any such appointment, the Company shall file
notice thereof with the resigning Warrant Agent and shall forthwith
cause a copy of such notice to be mailed to the Registered Holder of
each Warrant Certificate.
Any corporation into which the Warrant Agent or any new
warrant agent may be converted or merged or any corporation
resulting from any consolidation to which the Warrant Agent or any
new warrant agent shall be a party or any corporation succeeding to
the corporate trust business of the Warrant Agent shall be a successor
warrant agent under this Agreement without any further act, provided
that such corporation is eligible for appointment as successor to the
Warrant Agent under the provisions of the preceding paragraph. Any
such successor warrant agent shall promptly cause notice of its
succession as warrant agent to be mailed to the Company and to the
Registered Holder of each Warrant Certificate.
The Warrant Agent, its subsidiaries and affiliates, and any of its
or their officers or directors, may buy and hold or sell Warrants or
other securities of the Company and otherwise deal with the Company
in the same manner and to the same extent and with like effect as
though it were not the Warrant Agent. Nothing herein shall preclude
the Warrant Agent from acting in any capacity for the Company or for
any other legal entity.
The Warrant Agent and the Company may by supplemental
agreement, make any changes or corrections in this Agreement (i) that
they shall deem appropriate to cure any ambiguity or to correct any
defective or inconsistent provision or manifest mistake or error herein
contained; or (ii) that they may deem necessary or desirable and which
shall not adversely affect the interests of the holders of Warrant
Certificates; provided, however, that this Agreement shall not
otherwise be modified, supplemented or altered in any respect except
with the consent in writing of the Registered Holders of Warrant
Certificates representing not less than 50% of the Warrants then
outstanding; and provided, further, that no change in the number or
nature of the securities purchasable upon the exercise of any Warrant,
or an increase in the Purchase Price therefor, or the acceleration of the
applicable Warrant Expiration Date, shall be made without the consent
in writing of the Registered Holders of the Warrant Certificate
representing such Warrant, other than such changes as are specifically
prescribed by this Agreement as originally executed.
SECTION 12. Notices.
All notices, requests, consents and other communications
hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been made
when delivered or mailed, first-class postage prepaid, or delivered to a
telegraph office for transmissions: if to the Registered Holder of the
Warrant Certificate, at the address of such holder as shown on the
registry books maintained by the Warrant Agent; if to the Company, at
c/o Frascona, Joiner and Goodman, P.C., 4750 Table Mesa Drive,
Boulder, Colorado 80303, Attention: Gary S. Joiner, or at such other
address as may have been furnished to the Warrant Agent in writing
by the Company, in each case with a copy at the same time to
Frascona, Joiner and Goodman, P.C., Attention: Gary S. Joiner, Esq.,
4750 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80303-5575; and, if to the
Warrant Agent, at the Corporate office.
SECTION 13. Governing law.
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the laws of the State of Colorado.
SECTION 14. Binding Effect.
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit
of the Company, the Warrant Agent and their respective successors
and assigns, and the Registered Holders from time to time of Warrant
Certificates or any of them. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or
shall be construed to confer upon any other person any right, remedy
or claim or to impose upon any other person any duty, liability or
obligation.
SECTION 15. Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, which
taken together shall constitute a single document.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have cause this
Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
By:____________________________
Its: President
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.,
as Warrant Agent
By:___________________________
Its: President
EXHIBIT 4.2 - SPECIMEN STOCK CERTIFICATE
CONTENTS:
State of Incorporation
Name of Company
Number of authorized shares of common stock
Name of Individual Shareholder
Number of shares owned by individual shareholder
Fully paid and non-assessable shares
Date of issuance of certificate
Signature of President
Restrictive transfer legend<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 4.3
SPECIMEN CLASS A WARRANT AND
CLASS B WARRANT CERTIFICATES
WARRANT CERTIFICATE NO ____
CANCELABLE WARRANT NO. W-A___
_______ CANCELABLE WARRANTS
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
(a Colorado corporation)
CANCELABLE WARRANT CERTIFICATE
For the Purchase of Common Stock
CUSIP __________________
THIS CERTIFIES THAT, for value received, ____________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
("Warrantholder"), is the registered owner of the above-stated number
of Cancelable Class A Warrants ("Cancelable Warrants") of
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD., a Colorado corporation ("Company"),
expiring on December 31, 2002, unless canceled or extended
("Expiration Date"). Subject to cancellation and other limitations as
described below, each Cancelable Warrant entitles the Warrantholder
to purchase one share of the common stock no par value ("Common
Stock" or "Shares"), of the Company, at a purchase price of $2.00 per
Share ("Exercise Price"), at any time beginning January 1, 1997 and
until to the Expiration Date, upon surrender of this Certificate with the
exercise form on the reverse side hereof duly completed and executed,
accompanied by payment of the Exercise Price, to, ("Warrant Agent"),
This Certificate and exercise of these Cancelable Warrants will be
subject to the provisions of the Warrant Agent Agreement dated
_____________, 1996, ("Warrant Agreement"), between the Company
and the Warrant Agent, to which provisions the Warrantholder agrees
by acceptance of this Certificate. The provisions of the Warrant
Agreement and those set forth on the reverse side of this Certificate
are fully incorporated by reference into this Certificate as if fully set
forth herein.
If all Cancelable Warrants represented by this
Certificate shall not have been duly exercised on or before the
Expiration Date, as it may be extended, the unexercised Cancelable
Warrants shall expire and this Certificate shall become void. The
Expiration Date may be extended from time to time for an indefinite
period, or the Exercise Price may be reduced, at the discretion of the
Company upon giving notice thereof to the Warrant Agent and giving
subsequent notice thereof to holders of Cancelable Warrants then listed
on its books.
The Warrantholder may exercise all or any of the
Cancelable Warrants in the manner and during the period stated above,
but only for an even number of Shares if less than all are exercised,
upon due presentment of this Certificate to the Warrant Agent. The
Exercise Price must be paid in lawful money of the United States of
America, in cash or by personal check, bank check or certified check
payable to the order of the Company. If fewer than all of the above
number of Cancelable Warrants are exercised, the Warrant Agent shall
execute and deliver to the Warrantholder a new Cancelable Class A
Warrant certificate of like tenor evidencing the number of Cancelable
Warrants not exercised. Should any or all the Cancelable Warrants be
assigned, then upon due presentment of this Certificate by the assignee
to the Warrant Agent accompanied by payment of the sum of $10.00
per Cancelable Class A Warrant certificate to be issued and of all
transfer taxes and other governmental charges due, if any, the Warrant
Agent shall transfer the Cancelable Warrants assigned on the transfer
books and shall (subject to the Warrant Agreement) execute and
deliver to the assignee a Cancelable Class A Warrant certificate of like
tenor representing the number of Cancelable Warrants assigned, and if
less than all of the Cancelable Warrants are assigned, execute and
deliver to the Warrantholder a Cancelable Class A Warrant certificate
of like tenor representing the number of Cancelable Warrants not
assigned.
The Company may cancel these Cancelable Warrants
at any time upon at least thirty days' prior written notice to holders of
Cancelable Warrants then listed on its books, at any time that a current
registration statement is in effect. This notice shall accelerate the
Expiration Date, which shall become the last day of the cancellation
period, and the Cancelable Warrants may be exercised on or before the
accelerated Expiration Date. Cancelable Warrants not exercised timely
shall expire and this Certificate shall become void. The cancellation
prior (and the accelerated Expiration Date) may be extended by the
Company upon two days' written notice to the Warrant Agent and
giving subsequent notice thereof to holders of Cancelable Warrants
then listed on its books.
The Cancelable Warrants may be exercised, or
canceled in accordance with the immediately proceeding paragraph,
only if a current prospectus is then in effect. The Company has
undertaken to use its best efforts to maintain a current prospectus at
any time during which the market bid price for the Common Stock
exceeds the Exercise Price, but is not obligated to do so.
In addition, should management of a business
opportunity that is the target of a business combination with the
Company require, as a condition to the consummation of the business
combination, that the Cancelable Warrants be canceled, the Cancelable
Warrants may be canceled by the Company under the terms set forth
in Section 5(a) of the Warrant Agreement without prior written notice
to the registered holders of the Cancelable Warrants and without any
right on the part of such holders to exercise the Cancelable Warrants
prior to cancellation. The Company may cancel the Cancelable
Warrants under these limited circumstances irrespective of whether a
current registration statement is then in effect.
The Company's power to cancel the Cancelable Warrants in
accordance with Section 5(a) of the Warrant Agreement shall expire
upon the Company's consummation of a business combination.
UNTIL THE CANCELABLE WARRANTS ARE NO LONGER
SUBJECT TO CANCELLATION UNDER SECTION 5(a) OF THE
WARRANT AGREEMENT, THE CANCELABLE WARRANTS
MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED ON THE RECORDS OF THE
COMPANY.
These Cancelable Warrants shall not entitle the
Warrantholder to any of the rights of stockholders or to any dividend
declared upon the Common Stock unless the Warrantholder shall have
exercised these Cancelable Warrants and purchased the Shares of
Common Stock prior to the record date fixed by the Board of
Directors of the Company for the determination of holders of Common
Stock entitled to such dividend or other right. Holders of Cancelable
Warrants are protected against dilution of their interests represented by
the underlying shares of Common Stock upon the occurrence of stock
dividends, stock splits or reclassifications of the Common Stock, as
provided in the Warrant Agreement.
This Certificate shall not be valid unless countersigned
by the Warrant Agent.
WITNESS the facsimile seal of the Company and the
facsimile signature of its duly authorized officer.
Dated:______________________________
BUFFALO CAPITAL IV, LTD.
By:
Grant W.Peck, President
By:
Dean F. Sessions, Secretary
COUNTERSIGNED:
By:___________________________
Warrant Agent
Authorized Signature
<TABLE> <S> <C>
<ARTICLE> 5
<S> <C>
<PERIOD-TYPE> YEAR
<FISCAL-YEAR-END> MAY-31-1997
<PERIOD-END> MAY-31-1997
<CASH> 3,785
<SECURITIES> 0
<RECEIVABLES> 0
<ALLOWANCES> 0
<INVENTORY> 0
<CURRENT-ASSETS> 3,785
<PP&E> 0
<DEPRECIATION> 0
<TOTAL-ASSETS> 4,040
<CURRENT-LIABILITIES> 0
<BONDS> 0
0
0
<COMMON> 7,500
<OTHER-SE> 60,450
<TOTAL-LIABILITY-AND-EQUITY> 4,040
<SALES> 0
<TOTAL-REVENUES> 0
<CGS> 0
<TOTAL-COSTS> 0
<OTHER-EXPENSES> 63,558
<LOSS-PROVISION> 0
<INTEREST-EXPENSE> 0
<INCOME-PRETAX> (63,558)
<INCOME-TAX> 0
<INCOME-CONTINUING> 0
<DISCONTINUED> 0
<EXTRAORDINARY> 0
<CHANGES> 0
<NET-INCOME> (63,558)
<EPS-PRIMARY> 0
<EPS-DILUTED> 0
</TABLE>
