File No.
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 /x/
Pre-Effective Amendment No. / /
Post-Effective Amendment No. / /
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY
ACT OF 1940 /x/
Amendment No. / /
ADVISORS SERIES TRUST
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
4455 E. Camelback Road, Suite 261E
Phoenix, AZ 85018
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's Telephone Number (including area code): (602) 952-1100
ROBERT H. WADSWORTH
Advisors Series Trust
4455 E. Camelback Road, Suite 261E
Phoenix, AZ 85018
(Name and address of agent for service of process)
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after
the effective date of the registration statement.
Pursuant to Rule 24f-2 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant
hereby elects to register an indefinite number of shares of beneficial interest,
$.01 par value.
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates
as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file
a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement
shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become
effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a),
may determine.
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CROSS REFERENCE SHEET
(as required by Rule 495)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NA Item No. Location
Part A -- Prospectus of InformationTech 100 Index Fund
<S> <C> <C>
Item 1. Cover Page........................................... Cover Page
Item 2. Synopsis............................................. Expense Table
Item 3. Condensed Financial Information...................... General Information
Item 4. General Description of Registrant.................... Investment Objective and Policies; General Information
Item 5. Management of Fund .................................. Management of the Fund; Investor Guide
Item 5A. Management's Discussion of Fund Performance.......... Not applicable
Item 6. Capital Stock and Other Securities................... Distributions and Taxes; General Information
Item 7. Purchase of Securities Being Offered................. Investor Guide
Item 8. Redemption or Repurchase............................. How to Redeem Your Shares
Item 9. Pending Legal Proceedings............................ Not Applicable
Part B - Statement of Additional Information of InformationTech 100 Index Fund
Item 10. Cover Page........................................... Cover Page
Item 11. Table of Contents................................... Table of Contents
Item 12. General Information and History ..................... Not Applicable
Item 13. Investment Objectives and Policies................... Investment Objectives and Policies
Item 14. Management of the Fund............................... Management of the Fund
Item 15. Control Persons and Principal
Holders of Securities............................... General Information
Item 16. Investment Advisory and Other Services .............. Management; General Information
Item 17. Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices............. Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage
Item 18. Capital Stock and Other Practices.................... General Information
Item 19. Purchase, Redemption and Pricing
of Securities Being Offered.......................... Net Asset Value
Item 20. Tax Status........................................... Taxation
Item 21. Underwriters......................................... Not Applicable
Item 22. Calculation of Performance Data..................... Performance Information
Item 23. Financial Statements ................................ Not Applicable
Part A -- Prospectus of American Trust Allegiance Fund
Item 1. Cover Page........................................... Cover Page
Item 2. Synopsis............................................. Expense Table
Item 3. Condensed Financial Information...................... General Information
Item 4. General Description of Registrant.................... Investment Objective and Policies; General Information
Item 5. Management of Fund .................................. Management of the Fund; Investor Guide
Item 5A. Management's Discussion of Fund Performance.......... Not applicable
Item 6. Capital Stock and Other Securities................... Distributions and Taxes; General Information
Item 7. Purchase of Securities Being Offered................. Investor Guide
Item 8. Redemption or Repurchase............................. How to Redeem Your Shares
Item 9. Pending Legal Proceedings............................ Not Applicable
Part B - Statement of Additional Information of American Trust Allegiance Fund
Item 10. Cover Page........................................... Cover Page
Item 11. Table of Contents................................... Table of Contents
Item 12. General Information and History ..................... Not Applicable
Item 13. Investment Objectives and Policies................... Investment Objectives and Policies
Item 14. Management of the Fund............................... Management of the Fund
Item 15. Control Persons and Principal
Holders of Securities............................... General Information
Item 16. Investment Advisory and Other Services .............. Management; General Information
Item 17. Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices............. Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage
Item 18. Capital Stock and Other Practices.................... General Information
Item 19. Purchase, Redemption and Pricing
of Securities Being Offered.......................... Net Asset Value
Item 20. Tax Status........................................... Taxation
Item 21. Underwriters......................................... Not Applicable
Item 22. Calculation of Performance Data..................... Performance Information
Item 23. Financial Statements ................................ Not Applicable
Part C
Information required to be included in Part C is set forth under the
appropriate item, so numbered, in Part C to the Registration Statement.
</TABLE>
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Preliminary Prospectus dated December , 1996
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission but has not yet become effective. Information
contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. These securities may not
be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration
statement becomes effective. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to
sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these
securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would
be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of
any such jurisdiction.
InformationTech 100(R) Index Fund
160 Sansome Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
(415) 705-7777
The InformationTech 100(R)Index Fund (the "Fund") is a mutual fund that
attempts to match the performance of the InformationWeek 100 Index (the "Index")
created by Bay Isle Financial Corporation (the "Advisor"), the investment
advisor to the Fund. See "Investment Objectives and Policies." There can be no
assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective.
This Prospectus sets forth basic information about the Fund that
prospective investors should know before investing. It should be read and
retained for future reference. The Fund is a separate series of Advisors Series
Trust (the "Trust"), an open-end registered management investment company. A
Statement of Additional Information dated , 1997, as may be amended from time to
time, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is
incorporated herein by reference. This Statement of Additional Information is
available without charge upon request to the Fund at the address or telephone
number given above.
These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and
Exchange Commission or any state securities commission nor has the Securities
and Exchange Commission or any state securities commission passed upon the
accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
Prospectus dated , 1997
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Expense Table............................... 2
Investment Objective and Policies........... 3
Management of the Fund...................... 6
Investor Guide.............................. 8
Services Available to Shareholders.......... 11
How to Redeem Your Shares................... 12
Distributions and Taxes..................... 16
General Information ........................ 17
EXPENSE TABLE
Expenses are one of several factors to consider when investing in the Fund.
There are two types of expenses involved: shareholder transaction expenses, such
as sales loads, and annual operating expenses, such as investment advisory fees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Shareholder Transaction Expenses
<S> <C>
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Purchases................................................. None
Maximum Sales Load Imposed on Reinvested Dividends...................................... None
Deferred Sales Load..................................................................... None
Redemption Fees (as a percentage of amount redeemed in 6 months)........................ 1%
Annual Operating Expenses
(As a percentage of average net assets)
Investment Advisory Fees..................................................................... 0.70%
12b-1 Fees................................................................................... None
Other Expenses............................................................................... 0.80%
Total Operating Expenses..................................................................... 1.50%
</TABLE>
The purpose of the above table is to provide an understanding of the various
expenses which may be borne directly or indirectly by an investment in the Fund.
Actual expenses may be more or less than those shown. A fee of 1% (paid to the
Fund) is imposed on shares redeemed if the shares have been held for less than 6
months. See "How to Redeem Your Shares." The Advisor has agreed to limit the
Fund's expenses so that they will not exceed 1.50% of average net assets
annually. In the event expenses do exceed 1.50%, the Fund may reimburse the
Advisor in future years. See "Management of the Fund."
Example
This table illustrates the net operating expenses that would be incurred by
an investment in the Fund over different time periods assuming a $1,000
investment, a 5% annual return, and redemption at the end of each time period.
1 Year 3 Years
$ 15 $ 47
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The Example shown above should not be considered a representation of past or
future expenses and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. In
addition, federal regulations require the Example to assume a 5% annual return,
but the Fund's actual return may be higher or lower. See "Management of the
Fund."
The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $ , with subsequent minimum
investments of $ or more ($ and $ , respectively, for retirement plans). Shares
will be redeemed at net asset value per share.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
What is the Fund's investment objective?
The investment objective of the Fund is to attempt to match the performance of
the InformationWeek 100 index.
What is the Information Week(R) 100 Index?
The Index is designed to provide technology investors with an effective way
to measure the growth and performance of information technology's impact on
North American businesses. It consists of the common stocks of 100 companies
representing a mix of technology which information technology (e.g., software,
hardware, Internet-related, networking, services, communications) supports and
fuels North American business. These information technology products are used by
businesses to cut costs, boost productivity, serve as an agent of competition,
and themselves create new products and services. The Index excludes
biotechnology, medical, consumer electronics and software, and similar companies
often included in broader technology indices. Specific subsectors include, but
are not limited to, communications, networking, software, hardware and
semi-conductor companies. The Index is an equal-weighted index
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whose value, by convention, has been set to 100.00 as of the close of trading on
March 1, 1995. The Index will be rebalanced to an equal weighting per company
after the close of trading on the third Friday of each December. On the date of
rebalancing, the Advisor will review the 100 companies to determine if each is
still appropriate for the Index.
The Advisor requires each security in the Index to be listed on a national
securities exchange or the NASDAQ national market system, have total equity
market capitalization in excess of $250 million and, in the Advisor's opinion,
be in sound financial and operational condition. If, during the year, a company
goes out of business, merges with another company, falls below $150 million in
total equity market capitalization, or its securities are otherwise judged by
the Advisor no longer to be suitable for inclusion in the Index, the Advisor may
delete the security and add another to the Index in its place.
The Fund considers transaction costs.
Normally, the Advisor buys and sells stocks in order to match the composition of
the Index. (This means that the Advisor does not select securities for the
Fund's portfolio based on traditional economic, financial and market analyses.)
However, to reduce transaction costs, the Advisor will not normally buy odd lots
of securities and it may, if desirable, purchase or sell securities in blocks.
It may also not invest new cash received every day. These policies may cause a
particular stock to be over- or under-weighted in the Fund relative to its Index
weighting, thereby reducing the correlation between the Fund and the Index.
However, in view of the large number of stocks in the
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Index, the Advisor does not believe these potential deviations will
significantly affect the Fund's ability to track the performance of the Index.
The Advisor does not expect the Fund's annual turnover rate to exceed 50%.
There is, of course, no assurance that the Fund's objective will be achieved.
Because prices of common stocks and other securities fluctuate, the value of an
investment in the Fund will vary, as the market valueof its investment portfolio
changes.
Other securities the Fund might purchase.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its total
assets in the common stocks that comprise the Index. However, the Fund will
normally maintain a reasonable position in high quality, short-term debt
securities and money market instruments to meet redemption requests and other
needs for liquid assets. If the Advisor believes that market conditions, such as
extreme market volatility, warrant a temporary defensive posture, the Fund may
invest without limit in high quality, short-term debt securities and money
market instruments. These short-term debt securities and money market
instruments include commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers'
acceptances, U.S. Government securities and repurchase agreements. The Fund may
also purchase securities convertible into the common stocks comprising the
Index, as well as warrants and rights to purchase these stocks. In addition, the
Fund may invest in options on stocks and stock indices.
Lending securities.
To increase its income, the Fund may lend securities from its portfolio to
brokers, dealers and other
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financial institutions. No more than one-third of the Fund's total assets may be
represented by loaned securities. The Fund's loans of portfolio securities will
be collateralized at all times by high quality liquid securities equal in value
to the securities loaned.
Foreign securities.
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, including Depositary
Receipts with respect to securities of foreign issuers, if they are included in
the Index. There is no limit on investment in foreign securities which are
listed on a national securities exchange; investments in other foreign
securities are not expected to exceed 5% of the Fund's total assets..
Investment restrictions.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions, which are described fully
in the Statement of Additional Information. Like the Fund's investment
objective, certain of these restrictions are fundamental and may be changed only
by a majority vote of the Fund's outstanding shares. As a fundamental policy,
the Fund is diversified, which means that as to 75% of its total assets, no more
than 5% may be invested in the securities of a single issuer and that no more
than 10% of its total assets may be invested in the voting securities of such
issuer. The Fund may borrow money, but only for temporary purposes or to meet
redemption requests, and up to 10% of its total assets.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The Board of Trustees of the Trust establishes the Fund's policies and
supervises and reviews the management of the Fund.
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The Advisor.
The Fund's Advisor, Bay Isle Financial Corporation, 160 Sansome Street, 17th
Floor, San Francisco, CA 94104, has been in the investment advisory business
since 1987. The Advisor has not previously managed a mutual fund, but it
provides investment advisory services to individual and institutional accounts
with a value in excess of $?00 million. William F. K. Schaff, CFA, a co-founder
of the Advisor, is principally responsible for the management of the Fund's
portfolio.
The Advisor provides the Fund with advice on buying and selling securities,
manages the investments of the Fund, furnishes the Fund with office space and
certain administrative services, and provides most of the personnel needed by
the Fund. As compensation, the Fund pays the Advisor a monthly management fee
based upon the average daily net assets of the Fund at the annual rate of 0.70%.
The Administrator.
Investment Company Administration Corporation (the "Administrator") prepares
various federal and state regulatory filings, reports and returns for the Fund,
prepares reports and materials to be supplied to the trustees, monitors the
activities of the Fund's custodian, shareholder servicing agent and accountants,
and coordinates the preparation and payment of Fund expenses and reviews the
Fund's expense accruals. For its services, the Administrator receives a monthly
fee at the rate annual rate of 0.25%, subject to a $30,000 annual minimum.
Other operating expenses.
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses, including but not
limited to, the advisory
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and administration fees, custody and shareholder servicing agent fees, legal
and auditing expenses, federal and state registration fees, and fees to the
Trust's disinterested trustees. The Advisor may reduce its fees or reimburse the
Fund for expenses at any time in order to reduce the Fund's expenses. Reductions
made by the Advisor in its fees or payments or reimbursements of expenses which
are the Fund's obligation are subject to reimbursement by the Fund provided the
Fund is able to do so and remain in compliance with any applicable expense
limitations.
Brokerage transactions.
The Advisor considers a number of factors in determining which brokers or
dealers to use for the Fund's portfolio transactions. While these are more fully
discussed in the Statement of Additional Information, the factors include, but
are not limited to, the reasonableness of commissions, quality of services and
execution, and the availability of research which the Advisor may lawfully and
appropriately use in its investment advisory capacities. Provided the Fund
receives prompt execution at competitive prices, the Advisor may also consider
the sale of Fund shares as a factor in selecting broker-dealers for the Fund's
portfolio transactions.
INVESTOR GUIDE
How to purchase shares of the Fund. There are two ways to purchase shares of the
Fund. Both of them require you to complete an Application Form, which
accompanies this Prospectus. If you have questions about how to invest, or about
how to complete the Application Form, please call an account representative at
(800) 000-0000.
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You may send money to the Fund by mail.
If you wish to invest by mail, simply complete the Application Form and mail it
with a check (made payable to the Fund-- InformationTech 100(R) Index Fund) to
the Fund's Shareholder Servicing Agent:
InformationTech 100 Index Fund
P.O. Box 000
Cincinnati, OH 45264-0856
You may wire money to the Fund.
Before sending a wire, you should call the Fund at (800) 000-0000 between 9:00
a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a day when the New York Stock Exchange
("NYSE") is open for trading, in order to receive an account number. It is
important to call and receive this account number, because if your wire is sent
without it or without the name of the Fund, there may be a delay in investing
the money you wire. You should then ask your bank to wire money to:
Star Bank, N.A. Cinti/Trust
ABA # 0420-0001-3
for credit to InformationTech 100 Index Fund
DDA #
for further credit to [your name and account #]
Your bank may charge you a fee for sending a wire to the Fund.
Minimum investments.
The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $0,000. The minimum subsequent
investment is $000. However, if you are starting an Check-A-Matic Investing Plan
(see below), or if you are investing in an IRA, the minimum initial and
subsequent investments are $000 and $000, respectively.
Subsequent investments.
You may purchase additional shares of the Fund by sending a check, with the stub
from an account
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statement, to the Fund at the address above. Please also write your account
number on the check. (If you do not have a stub from an account statement, you
can write your name, address and account number on a separate piece of paper and
enclose it with your check.) If you want to send additional money for investment
by wire, it is important for you to call the Fund at (800) 000-0000.
When is money invested in the Fund?
Any money received for investment in the Fund, whether sent by check or by wire,
is invested at the net asset value of the Fund which is next calculated after
the money is received (assuming the check or wire correctly identifies the Fund
and account). The net asset value is calculated at the close of regular trading
of the NYSE, currently 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. A check or wire received after
the NYSE close is invested as of the next calculation of the Fund's net asset
value .
What is the net asset value of the Fund?
The Fund's net asset value per share is calculated by dividing the value of the
Fund's total assets, less its liabilities, by its shares outstanding. In
calculating the net asset value, portfolio securities are valued using current
market values, if available. Securities for which market quotations are not
readily available are valued at fair values determined in good faith by or under
the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Trust. The fair value of
short-term obligations with remaining maturities of 60 days or less is
considered to be their amortized cost.
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Other information.
First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455 E. Camelback Road, Suite 261E, Phoenix, AZ
85018, an affiliate of the Administrator, is the principal underwriter
("Distributor") of the Fund's shares. The Distributor may waive the minimum
investment requirements for purchases by certain group or retirement plans. All
investments must be made in U.S. dollars, and checks must be drawn on U.S.
banks. Third party checks will not be accepted. A charge may be imposed if any
check used for investment does not clear. The Fund and the Distributor reserve
the right to reject any investment, in whole or in part. Federal tax law
requires that investors provide a certified taxpayer identification number and
other certifications on opening an account in order to avoid backup withholding
of taxes. See the Application Form for more information about backup
withholding. The Fund is not required to issue share certificates; all shares
are normally held in non-certificated form on the books of the Fund, for the
account of the shareholder.
SERVICES AVAILABLE TO SHAREHOLDERS
Retirement Plans.
You may obtain a prototype Individual Retirement Account ("IRA") plan from the
Fund. Shares of the Fund are also eligible investments for other types of
retirement plan.
Automatic investing by check.
You may make regular monthly investments in the Fund using the "Check-A-Matic
Plan." A check is automatically drawn on your personal checking account each
month for a predetermined amount (but not less than $ ), as if you had written
it directly. Upon receipt of the withdrawn funds, the Fund
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automatically invests the money in additional shares of the Fund at the current
net asset value. Applications for this service are available from the Fund.
There is no charge by the Fund for this service. The Fund may terminate or
modify this privilege at any time, and shareholders may terminate their
participation by notifying the Shareholder Servicing Agent in writing,
sufficiently in advance of the next withdrawal.
Automatic withdrawals.
The Fund offers a Systematic Withdrawal Program whereby shareholders may request
that a check drawn in a predetermined amount be sent to them each month or
calendar quarter. To start this Program, your account must have Fund shares with
a value of at least $10,000, and the minimum amount that may be withdrawn each
month or quarter $50. The Program may be terminated or modified by a shareholder
or the Fund at any time without charge or penalty. A withdrawal under the
Systematic Withdrawal Program involves a redemption of shares, and may result in
a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. In addition, if the amount
withdrawn exceeds the dividends credited to the your account, the account
ultimately may be depleted.
HOW TO REDEEM YOUR SHARES
You have the right to redeem all or any portion of your shares of the Fund at
their net asset value on each day the NYSE is open for trading.
Redemption in writing.
You may redeem your shares by simply sending a written request to the Fund. You
should give your account number and state whether you want all or part of your
shares redeemed. The letter should be signed
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by all of the shareholders whose names appear in the account registration. If
you have obtained stock certificates, they must be returned with the redemption
request. You should send your redemption request to:
InformationTech 100 Index Fund
24 West Carver Street, 2nd Floor
Huntington, NY 11743
Signature guarantee.
If the value of the shares you wish to redeem exceeds $5,000, the signatures on
the redemption request must be guaranteed by an "eligible guarantor
institution." These institutions include banks, broker-dealers, credit unions
and savings institutions. A broker-dealer guaranteeing a signature must be a
member of a clearing corporation or maintain net capital of at least $100,000.
Credit unions must be authorized to issue signature guarantees. Signature
guarantees will be accepted from any eligible guarantor institution which
participates in a signature guarantee program. A notary public is not an
acceptable guarantor.
Redemption by telephone.
If you complete the Redemption by Telephone portion of the Fund's Application
Form, you may redeem shares on any business day the New York Stock Exchange is
open by calling the Fund's Shareholder Servicing Agent at (800) 000-0000 before
4:00 p.m. Eastern time. Redemption proceeds will be mailed or wired, at your
direction, on the next business day to the bank account you designated on the
Application Form. The minimum amount that may be wired is $1,000 (wire charges,
if any, will be deducted from redemption proceeds). Telephone redemptions cannot
be made by IRA accounts.
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By establishing telephone redemption privileges, you authorize the Fund and its
Shareholder Servicing Agent to act upon the instruction of any person who makes
the telephone call to redeem shares from your account and transfer the proceeds
to the bank account designated in the Application Form. The Fund and the
Shareholder Servicing Agent will use procedures to confirm that redemption
instructions received by telephone are genuine, including recording of telephone
instructions and requiring a form of personal identification before acting on
these instructions. If these normal identification procedures are followed,
neither the Fund nor the Shareholder Servicing Agent will be liable for any
loss, liability, or cost which results from acting upon instructions of a person
believed to be a shareholder with respect to the telephone redemption privilege.
The Fund may change, modify, or terminate these privileges at any time upon at
least 60 days' notice to shareholders.
You may request telephone redemption after your account is opened; however, the
authorization form will require a separate signature guarantee. Shareholders may
experience delays in exercising telephone redemption during periods of abnormal
market activity.
What price is used for a redemption?
The redemption price is the net asset value of the Fund's shares, next
determined after shares are validly tendered for redemption. Any stock
certificates must be returned, all signatures of account holders must be
included in the request, and a signature guarantee, if required, must also be
included for the request to be valid.
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When are redemption payments made?
As noted above, redemption payments for telephone redemptions are sent on the
day after the telephone call is received. Payments for redemptions sent in
writing are normally made promptly, but no later than seven days after the
receipt of a valid request. However, the Fund may suspend the right of
redemption under certain extraordinary circumstances in accordance with rules of
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
If shares were purchased by wire, they cannot be redeemed until the day after
the wire is received. If shares were purchased by check and then redeemed
shortly after the check is received, the Fund may delay sending the redemption
proceeds until it has been notified that the check used to purchase the shares
has been collected, a process which may take up to 15 days. This delay can be
avoided by investing by wire or by using a certified or official bank check to
make the purchase.
Redemption Fee
The Fund is intended as a long-term investment, not as a short-term trading
vehicle. In order to prevent excessive brokerage costs, a one percent redemption
fee, paid to the Fund, will be deducted from the proceeds of any redemption of
shares held less than six months. This fee will not be charged toretirement plan
accounts or in the case of redemptions resulting from the death of the
shareholder.
Other information about redemptions.
A redemption may result in recognition of a gain or loss for federal income tax
purposes. Due to the relatively high cost of maintaining smaller accounts, the
shares in your account (unless it is a retirement
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plan or Uniform Gifts or Transfers to Minors Act accounts) may be redeemed by
the Fund if, due to redemptions you have made, the total value of your account
is reduced to less than $500. If the Fund determines to make such an involuntary
redemption, you will first be notified that the value of your account is less
than $500, and you will be allowed 30 days to make an additional investment to
bring the value of your account to at least $500 before the Fund takes any
action.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Dividends and other distributions.
Dividends from net investment income, if any, are normally declared and
paid by the Fund in December. Capital gains distributions, if any, are also
normally made in December, but the Fund may make an additional payment of
dividends or distributions if it deems it desirable at another time during any
year.
Dividends and capital gain distributions (net of any required tax withholding)
are automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Fund at the net asset
value per share on the reinvestment date unless you have previously requested in
writing to the Shareholder Servicing Agent that payment be made in cash.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund has the effect of reducing
the net asset value per share on the record date by the amount of the dividend
or distribution. You should note that a dividend or distribution paid on shares
purchased shortly before that dividend or distribution was declared will be
subject to income taxes even though the dividend or
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distribution represents, in substance, a partial return of capital to you.
Taxes
The Fund intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated investment
company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code"). As
long as the Fund continues to qualify, and as long as the Fund distributes all
of its income each year to the shareholders, the Fund will not be subject to any
federal or excise taxes. The distributions made by the Fund will be taxable to
shareholders whether received in shares (through dividend reinvestment ) or in
cash. Distributions derived from net investment income, including net short-term
capital gains, are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. A portion of
these distributions may qualify for the intercorporate dividends-received
deduction. Distributions designated as capital gains dividends are taxable as
long-term capital gains regardless of the length of time shares of the Fund have
been held. Although distributions are generally taxable when received, certain
distributions made in January are taxable as if received the prior December. You
will be informed annually of the amount and nature of the Fund's distributions.
Additional information about taxes is set forth in the Statement of Additional
Information. You should consult your own advisers concerning federal, state and
local taxation of distributions from the Fund.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Trust.
The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on October 3, 1996.
The Agreement and Declaration
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of Trust permits the Board of Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and
fractional shares of beneficial interest, without par value, which may be issued
in any number of series. The Board of Trustees may from time to time issue other
series, the assets and liabilities of which will be separate and distinct from
any other series. The fiscal year of the Fund ends on November 30.
Shareholder Rights
Shares issued by the Fund have no preemptive, conversion, or subscription
rights. Shareholders have equal and exclusive rights as to dividends and
distributions as declared by the Fund and to the net assets of the Fund upon
liquidation or dissolution. The Fund, as a separate series of the Trust, votes
separately on matters affecting only the Fund (e.g., approval of the Investment
Advisory Agreement); all series of the Trust vote as a single class on matters
affecting all series jointly or the Trust as a whole (e.g., election or removal
of Trustees). Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the holders of more than
50% of the shares voting in any election of Trustees can, if they so choose,
elect all of the Trustees. While the Trust is not required and does not intend
to hold annual meetings of shareholders, such meetings may be called by the
Trustees in their discretion, or upon demand by the holders of 10% or more of
the outstanding shares of the Trust for the purpose of electing or removing
Trustees.
Performance Information.
From time to time, the Fund may publish its total return in advertisements
and communications to investors. Total return information will include the
-18-
<PAGE>
Fund's average annual compounded rate of return over the most recent four
calendar quarters and over the period from the Fund's inception of operations.
The Fund may also advertise aggregate and average total return information over
different periods of time. The Fund's total return will be based upon the value
of the shares acquired through a hypothetical $1,000 investment at the beginning
of the specified period and the net asset value of those shares at the end of
the period, assuming reinvestment of all distributions. Total return figures
will reflect all recurring charges against Fund income. You should note that the
investment results of the Fund will fluctuate over time, and any presentation of
the Fund's total return for any prior period should not be considered as a
representation of what an investor's total return may be in any future period.
Shareholder Inquiries.
Shareholder inquiries should be directed to the Shareholder Servicing Agent at
(800) 000-0000.
-19-
<PAGE>
Subject to Completion. Preliminary Statement of Additional
Information dated December , 1996
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may any
offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes
effective. This Statement of Additional Information does not constitute a
prospectus.
INFORMATIONTECH 100(R) INDEX FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated , 1997
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and it should be
read in conjunction with the prospectus dated , 1997, as may be amended from
time to time, of the InformationTech 100(R) Index Fund (the "Fund"), a series of
Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). Bay Isle Financial Corporation (the
"Advisor") is the Advisor to the Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained
from the Fund at [address], telephone [telephone number].
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections Page in the prospectus
<S> <C> <C>
Investment Objective and Policies.................... B-4 The Fund at a Glance; The Fund in
Detail
Management........................................... B-12 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage................. B-14 Management of the Fund
Net Asset Value...................................... B-15 Investor Guide
Taxation ........................................... B-16 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions.......................... B-18 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information.............................. B-18 General Information
General Information.................................. B-19 General Information
Appendix ........................................... B-20 Not applicable
Statement of Assets and Liabilities..................
Notes to Statement of Assets and Liabilities.........
</TABLE>
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to attempt to match the performance
of the InformationWeek 100 index. There is no assurance that the Fund will
achieve its objective. The discussion below supplements information contained in
the prospectus as to investment policies of the Fund.
Convertible Securities and Warrants
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A convertible
security is a fixed income security (a debt instrument or a preferred stock)
which may be converted at a stated price within a specified period of time into
a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a different issuer.
Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer's capital
structure, but are usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities.
While providing a fixed income stream (generally higher in yield than the income
derivable from common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar
nonconvertible security), a convertible security also affords an investor the
opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital
appreciation attendant upon a market price advance in the convertible security's
underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
Other Corporate Debt Securities
The Fund may invest in non-convertible debt securities of foreign and
domestic companies over a cross-section of industries. The debt securities in
which the Fund may invest will be of varying maturities and may include
corporate bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments.
The value of a longer-term debt security fluctuates more widely in response to
changes in interest rates than do shorter-term debt securities.
Risks of Investing in Debt Securities
There are a number of risks generally associated with an investment in debt
securities (including convertible securities). Yields on short, intermediate,
and long-term securities depend on a variety of factors, including the general
condition of the money and bond markets, the size of a particular offering, the
maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue.
Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields and
are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and
depreciation than obligations with short maturities and lower yields. The market
prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An
increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of such portfolio
investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value
of such portfolio investments. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment
objective also depends on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt
securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment
of interest and principal when due.
Risks of Investing in Lower-Rated Debt Securities
As set forth in the prospectus, the Fund may invest a portion of its net
assets in converitble debt securities, which may be rated below "Baa" by Moody's
or "BBB" by S&P or below investment grade by other recognized rating agencies,
or in unrated securities of comparable quality under certain circumstances.
Securities with ratings below "Baa" and/or "BBB" are commonly referred to as
"junk bonds." Such bonds are subject to greater market fluctuations and risk of
loss of income and principal than higher rated bonds for a variety of reasons,
including the following:
Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes. The economy and interest
rates affect high yield securities differently from other securities. For
example, the prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive to
interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to
adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an
economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly
B-2
<PAGE>
leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect
their ability to service their principal and interest obligations, to meet
projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a
bond defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In
addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result
in increased volatility of market prices of high yield bonds and the Fund's
asset values.
Payment Expectations. High yield bonds present certain risks based on
payment expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and
call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest
rate market, the Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding
security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high
yield bond's value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the
value of the Fund's assets. If the Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions,
it may be forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to their investment
merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund's expenses can be
spread and possibly reducing the Fund's rate of return.
Liquidity and Valuation. To the extent that there is no established retail
secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this may
impact the Advisor's ability to accurately value high yield bonds and the Fund's
assets and hinder the Fund's ability to dispose of the bonds. Adverse publicity
and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may
decrease the values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially in a thinly
traded market.
Credit Ratings. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and
interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield bonds. Also, since
credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect
subsequent events, the Advisor must monitor the issuers of high yield bonds in
the Fund's portfolio to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow
and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the
bonds' liquidity so the Fund can meet redemption requests. The Fund will not
necessarily dispose of a portfolio security when its rating has been changed.
Short-Term Investments
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
Bank Certificates or Deposit, Bankers' Acceptances and Time Deposits. The
Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks are,
among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves, limited
in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to other
regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws and
regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the Fund
may acquire.
B-3
<PAGE>
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances,
to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and policies stated
above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing time or other
interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are
non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified
period of time at a specified interest rate.
Savings Association Obligations. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
Commercial Paper, Short-Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in Appendix A.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
Money Market Funds
The Fund may under certain circumstances invest a portion of its assets
in money market funds. The Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act")
prohibits the Fund from investing more than 5% of the value of its total assets
in any one investment company. or more than 10% of the value of its total assets
in investment companies as a group, and also restricts its investment in any
investment company to 3% of the voting securities of such investment company.
The Advisor will not impose advisory fees on assets of the Fund invested in a
money market mutual fund. However, an investment in a money market mutual fund
will involve payment by the Fund of its pro rata share of advisory and
administrative fees charged by such fund.
Government Obligations
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The
B-4
<PAGE>
commitments on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such
disbursements may be conditioned on a sovereign debtor's implementation of
economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such
debtor's obligations. Failure to meet such conditions could result in the
cancellation of such third parties' commitments to lend funds to the sovereign
debtor, which may further impair such debtor's ability or willingness to service
its debt in a timely manner.
Foreign Investments and Currencies
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers that are not
publicly traded in the United States. The Fund may also invest in depositary
receipts and in foreign currency futures contracts and may purchase and sell
foreign currency on a spot basis.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
Risks of Investing in Foreign Securities. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
Political and Economic Factors. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
Currency Fluctuations. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
Market Characteristics. The Advisor expects that many foreign
securities in which the Fund invest will be purchased in over-the-counter
markets or on exchanges located in the countries in which the principal offices
of the issuers of the various securities are located, if that is the best
available market. Foreign exchanges and markets may be more volatile than those
in the United States. While growing in volume, they usually have substantially
less volume than U.S. markets, and the Fund's portfolio securities may be less
liquid and more volatile than U.S. Government securities. Moreover, settlement
practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in United
States markets, and may include delays beyond periods customary in the United
States. Foreign security trading practices, including those involving securities
settlement where Fund assets may be released prior to receipt of payment or
securities, may expose the Fund to increased risk in the event of a failed trade
or the insolvency of a foreign broker-dealer.
Transactions in options on securities and currency contracts may not be
regulated as effectively on foreign exchanges as similar transactions in the
United States, and may not involve clearing mechanisms and related guarantees.
The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by the imposition
of different exercise terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the
United States. The value of the Fund's positions may also be adversely impacted
by delays in its ability to act upon economic events occurring in foreign
markets during non-business hours in the United States.
Legal and Regulatory Matters. Certain foreign countries may have less
supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less
financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United
States.
B-5
<PAGE>
Taxes. The interest payable on certain of the Fund's foreign portfolio
securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus reducing the net
amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's shareholders.
Costs. To the extent that the Fund invests in foreign securities, its
expense ratio is likely to be higher than those of investment companies
investing only in domestic securities, since the cost of maintaining the custody
of foreign securities is higher.
Emerging markets. Some of the securities in which the Fund may invest
may be located in developing or emerging markets, which entail additional risks,
including less social, political and economic stability; smaller securities
markets and lower trading volume, which may result in a less liquidity and
greater price volatility; national policies that may restrict the Fund's
investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or
industries, or expropriation or confiscation of assets or property; and less
developed legal structures governing private or foreign investment.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign
company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the
particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of
securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also
factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of
the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the
Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts
will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the
prospectus, depending on the Advisor's assessment of prevailing market, economic
and other conditions.
Options on Securities
Purchasing Put and Call Options. The Fund may purchase covered "put"
and "call" options with respect to securities which are otherwise eligible for
purchase by the Fund subject to certain restrictions. The Fund will engage in
trading of such derivative securities exclusively for hedging purposes.
If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option (for "American-style" options) or on the option expiration date (for
"European-style" options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio
investment strategy when the Advisor perceives significant short-term risk but
substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option
acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price
movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement. If the Fund
is holding a stock which it feels has strong fundamentals, but for some reason
may be weak in the near term, the Fund may purchase a put option on such
security, thereby giving itself the right to sell such security at a certain
strike price throughout the term of the option. Consequently, the Fund will
exercise the put only if the price of such security falls below the strike price
of the put. The difference between the put's strike price and the market price
of the underlying security on the date the Fund exercises the put, less
transaction costs, will be the amount by which the Fund will be able to hedge
against a decline in the underlying security. If during the period of the option
the market price for the underlying security remains at or above the put's
strike price, the put will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price
the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction costs. If the price of the
underlying security increases, the profit the Fund realizes on the sale of the
security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount
for which the put may be sold.
If the Fund purchases a call option, it acquires the right to purchase
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option. The purchase of a call option is a type of insurance policy to hedge
against losses that could occur if the Fund has a short position in the
underlying security and the security thereafter increases in price. The Fund
will exercise a call option only if the price of the underlying security is
above the strike price at the time of exercise. If during the option period the
market price for the underlying security remains at or below the strike price of
the call option, the option will expire worthless, representing a loss of the
price paid for the option, plus transaction costs. If the call option has been
purchased to hedge a short position of the Fund in the underlying security and
the price of the underlying security thereafter falls, the profit the Fund
realizes on the cover of the short position in the security will be reduced by
the premium paid for the call option less any amount for which such option may
be sold.
Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has
remaining value by a purchaser through a "closing sale transaction," which is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously
purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the
Advisor believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing
transactions.
B-6
<PAGE>
Writing Call Options. The Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security
with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting
a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale
of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the
Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on
which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior
to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
Risks Of Investing in Options. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options on securities. Options may be more volatile than the
underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in
options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the
underlying instruments themselves. There are also significant differences
between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect
correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve
its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may
be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient
trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange
on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts,
suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular
classes or series of option of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen
circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of
an exchange or clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle
current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other
reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading
of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the
secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would
cease to exist, although outstanding options that had beenissued by a clearing
corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be
exercisable in accordance with their terms. A decision as to whether, when and
how to use options involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a
well-conceived transaction may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market
behavior or unexpected events. The extent to which the Fund may enter into
options transactions may be limited by the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code")
requirements for qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company.
See "Dividends and Distributions" and "Taxation."
In addition, when trading options on foreign exchanges, many of the
protections afforded to participants in United States option exchanges will not
be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits in
such exchanges or markets, and adverse market movements could therefore continue
to an unlimited extent over a period of time. Although the purchaser of an
option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction
costs, this entire amount could be lost. Moreover, the Fund as an option writer
could lose amounts substantially in excess of its initial investment, due to the
margin and collateral requirements typically associated with such option
writing. See "Dealer Options" below.
Dealer Options. The Fund will engage in transactions involving dealer
options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain risks are specific to dealer
options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation to exercise
exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would
need to rely on the dealer from which
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<PAGE>
it purchased the option to perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the
dealer to do so would result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well
as loss of the expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize
the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling
the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer
option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its
expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer
to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter
into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected
to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be
no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option
at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a
covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase
transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used
as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of
the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With
respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing
transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the
Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a
security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to
secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may
impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale
might be advantageous.
The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities.
The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the
dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for
a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the
dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum
purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's
limitation on illiquid securities. If the Commission changes its position on the
liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such
instruments accordingly.
Foreign Currency Options. The Fund may buy or sell put and call options
on foreign currencies. A put or call option on a foreign currency gives the
purchaser of the option the right to sell or purchase a foreign currency at the
exercise price until the option expires. The Fund will use foreign currency
options separately or in combination to control currency volatility. Among the
strategies employed to control currency volatility is an option collar. An
option collar involves the purchase of a put option and the simultaneous sale of
call option on the same currency with the same expiration date but with
different exercise (or "strike") prices. Generally, the put option will have an
out-of-the-money strike price, while the call option will have either an
at-the-money strike price or an in-the-money strike price. Foreign currency
options are derivative securities. Currency options traded on U.S. or other
exchanges may be subject to position limits which may limit the ability of the
Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options.
As with other kinds of option transactions, the writing of an option on
foreign currency will constitute only a partial hedge, up to the amount of the
premium received. The Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign
currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The
purchase of an option on foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge
against exchange rate fluctuations: however, in the event of exchange rate
movements adverse to the Fund's position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount
of the premium plus related transaction costs.
Spread Transactions. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from
securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently
exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the
Fund the right to put a securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or
fixed yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not
own, but which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the
risks of dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well
as any transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect
the Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, i.e., the
yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection
is provided only during the life of the spread options.
Forward Currency Contracts
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts in anticipation of
changes in currency exchange rates. A forward currency contract is an obligation
to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed
number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. For example, the Fund might purchase a
particular currency or enter into a forward currency contract to preserve the
U.S.
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<PAGE>
dollar price of securities it intends to or has contracted to purchase.
Alternatively, it might sell a particular currency on either a spot or forward
basis to hedge against an anticipated decline in the dollar value of securities
it intends to or has contracted to sell. Although this strategy could minimize
the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, it could
also limit any potential gain from an increase in the value of the currency.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund holding
the repurchase agreement will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from
a sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price under the
agreement. Bankruptcy or insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the
Fund's rights with respect to such securities to be delayed or limited.
Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
When-Issued Securities, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will set aside cash or
liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate
account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy
a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to
place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy
its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the
ability of the Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's
forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
Borrowing
The Fund is authorized to borrow money from time to time for temporary,
extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions in amounts
up to 20% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowings. The
use of borrowing by the Fund involves special risk considerations that may not
be associated with other funds having similar objectives and policies. Since
substantially all of the Fund's assets fluctuate in value, whereas the interest
obligation resulting from a borrowing will be fixed by the terms of the Fund's
agreement with its lender, the asset value per share of the Fund will tend to
increase more whenits portfolio securities increase in value and to decrease
more when
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its portfolio assets decrease in value than would otherwise be the case if the
Fund did not borrow funds. In addition, interest costs on borrowings may
fluctuate with changing market rates of interest and may partially offset or
exceed the return earned on borrowed funds. Under adverse market conditions, the
Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal
payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor
such sales.
Lending Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding
30% of its total assets to financial institutions such as banks and brokers if
the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulations. Under the
present regulatory requirements which govern loans of portfolio securities, the
loan collateral must, on each business day, at least equal the value of the
loaned securities and must consist of cash, letters of credit of domestic banks
or domestic branches of foreign banks, or securities of the U.S. Government or
its agencies. To be acceptable as collateral, letters of credit must obligate a
bank to pay amounts demanded by the Fund if the demand meets the terms of the
letter. Such terms and the issuing bank would have to be satisfactory to the
Fund. Any loan might be secured by any one or more of the three types of
collateral. The terms of the Fund's loans must permit the Fund to reacquire
loaned securities on five days' notice or in time to vote on any serious matter
and must meet certain tests under the Code.
Short Sales
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities it owns or has
the right to acquire at no added cost through conversion or exchange of other
securities it owns (referred to as short sales "against the box") and to make
short sales of securities which it does not own or have the right to acquire.
In a short sale that is not "against the box," the Fund sells a
security which it does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value
of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must borrow the security
(generally from the broker through which the short sale is made) in order to
make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security
borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The
Fund is said to have a "short position" in the securities sold until it delivers
them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has a short position can
range from one day to more than a year. Until the security is replaced, the
proceeds of the short sale are retained by the broker, and the Fund is required
to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of any dividends or interest which
accrue during the period of the loan. To meet current margin requirements, the
Fund is also required to deposit with the broker additional cash or securities
so that the total deposit with the broker is maintained daily at 150% of the
current market value of the securities sold short (100% of the current market
value if a security is held in the account that is convertible or exchangeable
into the security sold short within 90 days without restriction other than the
payment of money).
Short sales by the Fund that are not made "against the box" create
opportunities to increase the Fund's return but, at the same time, involve
specific risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique.
Since the Fund in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities
sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities
on the date of the short sale, the Fund's net asset value per share will tend to
increase more when the securities it has sold short decrease in value, and to
decrease more when the securities it has sold short increase in value, than
would otherwise be the case if it had not engaged in such short sales. The
amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by
the amount of any premium, dividends or interest the Fund may be required to pay
in connection with the short sale. Furthermore, under adverse market conditions
the Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale
delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the
capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental
investment considerations would not favor such sales.
If the Fund makes a short sale "against the box," the Fund would not
immediately deliver the securities sold and would not receive the proceeds from
the sale. The seller is said to have a short position in the securities sold
until it delivers the securities sold, at which time it receives the proceeds of
the sale. To secure its obligation to deliver securities sold short, the Fund
will deposit in escrow in a separate account with the Custodian an equal amount
of the securities sold short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for
such securities. The Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and
delivering an equal amount of the securities sold short, rather than by
delivering securities already held by the Fund, because the Fund might want to
continue to receive interest and dividend payments on securities in its
portfolio that are convertible into the securities sold short.
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<PAGE>
The Fund's decision to make a short sale "against the box" may be a
technique to hedge against market risks when the Advisor believes that the price
of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by
the Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In
such case, any future losses in the Fund's long position would be reduced by a
gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in the long
position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short
relative to the amount of the securities the Fund owns, either directly or
indirectly, and, in the case where the Fund owns convertible securities, changes
in the investment values or conversion premiums of such securities.
The extent to which the Fund may enter into short sales transactions may be
limited by the Code requirements for qualification of the Fund as a regulated
investment company. See "Taxation."
Illiquid Securities
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption within
seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in
order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse
market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
Risks of Investing in Small Companies
As stated in the prospectus, the Fund may invest in securities of small
companies. Additional risks of such investments include the markets on which
such securities are frequently traded. In many instances the securities of
smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities
exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less
than is typical of larger companies. Therefore, the securities of smaller
companies may be subject to greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. When
making large sales, the Fund may have to sell portfolio holdings at discounts
from quoted prices or may have to make a series of small sales over an extended
period of time due to the trading volume of smaller company securities.
Investors should be aware that, based on the foregoing factors, an investment in
the Fund may be subject to greater price fluctuations than an investment in a
fund that invests exclusively in larger, more established companies. The
Advisor's research efforts may also play a greater role in selecting securities
for the Fund than in a fund that invests in larger, more established companies.
Investment Restrictions
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting
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securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote of the holders of
the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting at
which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are represented or
(ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified; i.e., as to
75% of the value of a its total assets: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its
total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than
U.S. Government securities); and (ii) the Fund may not purchase more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of an issuer. The Fund's investment objective
is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except that
(i) the Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis from banks for temporary or
emergency purposes or for the clearance of transactions in amounts not exceeding
10% of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed), provided that it
will not make investments while borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its
total assets are outstanding; and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the
Fund from engaging in options and foreign currency transactions or short sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may be
necessary for the clearance of transactions;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an
underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real estate
limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities which
are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or deal in
real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except that
the Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency contracts in accordance with any
rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities consistent
with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase agreements);
or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase any
other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law.
2. Invest more than 15% of its assets in securities which are restricted as
to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily available market
(except for securities which are determined by the Board of Trustees to be
liquid).
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with the
Trust, their business addresses and
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<PAGE>
principal occupations during the past five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name, address and age Position Principal Occupation During Past Five Years
[To be filed by amendment]
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
<FN>
* denotes Trustees who are "interested persons" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
</FN>
</TABLE>
It is estimated that each Trustee who is not an interested person of the Trust
will receive a fee at the annual rate of $
The Advisor
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to Advisor. In providing such services, Advisor shall at all times adhere to the
provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities laws, applicable
state securities laws, the Internal Revenue Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under this Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as officers
of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the Advisor
shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor to
furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information, advice
regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to technical and
scientific developments, and such other information, advice and assistance as
the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and reasonably request.
With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has agreed to be
responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra copies of the
Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales and
advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees attendant
thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders); and the
costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings convened
for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the
Investment Company Act; taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in
connection with meetings of the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of
Trustees that are properly payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of
officers and fees and expenses of members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or
members of any advisory board or committee who are not members of, affiliated
with or interested persons of the Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums
on property or personnel of each Fund which inure to its benefit, including
liability and fidelity bond insurance; the cost of preparing
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<PAGE>
and printing reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and statements of
additional information of the Fund or other communications for distribution to
existing shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association
dues; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining
registration of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and
foreign securities laws; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder
accounts, including all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping,
dividend disbursing, redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund,
if any; and all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary
and non-recurring expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory
Agreement.
The Advisor may agree to waive certain of its fees or reimburse the
Fund for certain expenses, in order to limit the expense ratio of the Fund. In
that event, subject to approval by the Trust's Board of Trustees, the Fund may
reimburse the Advisor in subsequent years for fees waived and expenses
reimbursed, provided the expense ratio before reimbursement is less than the
expense limitation in effect at that time.
The Advisor is controlled by
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust for any error of judgment by the Advisor for any loss sustained by the
Trust except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the
receipt of compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be
limited as provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or
gross negligence by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties
under the applicable agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the
Trust at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Administrator. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other governmental
agency (the Trust agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the
Administrator all necessary financial and other information in connection with
the foregoing); (iv) preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary
to register or maintain the Trust's registration and/or the registration of the
shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of the various
states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing fees or other
similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all inquiries or other
communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to the Administrator,
or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to be responded to by
the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services agent, overseeing
their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships between the Trust and
any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting services agent(s), including
the negotiation of agreements and the supervision of the performance of such
agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any of the Administrator's
directors, officers and employees who may be elected as Trustees or officers of
the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are elected. All services to
be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be furnished through
the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the Administrator.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In
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<PAGE>
selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the Advisor
may take the following into consideration: the best net price available; the
reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the size of
and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, i.e., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (currently
4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The Exchange annually announces the
days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement
indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New Year's Day,
Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the Exchange may close on days not
included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, trading in and valuation of foreign securities is
substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the
NYSE. In addition, trading in and valuation of foreign securities may not take
place on every day in which the NYSE is open for trading. In that case, the
price used to determine the Fund's net asset value on the last day on which such
exchange was open will be used, unless the Trust's Board of Trustees determines
that a different price should be used. Furthermore, trading takes place in
various foreign markets on days in which the NYSE is not open for trading and on
which the Fund's net asset value is not calculated. Occasionally, events
affecting the values of such securities in U.S. dollars on a day on which the
Fund calculates its net asset value may occur between the times when such
securities are valued and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in
the computation of the Fund's net asset value unless the Board or its delegates
deem that such events would materially affect the net asset value, in which case
an adjustment would be made.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Pricing Committee pursuant to procedures approved by or
under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued
B-15
<PAGE>
at the last sale price on the exchange on which such securities are traded, as
of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued or, lacking
any reported sales, at the mean between the last available bid and asked price.
Securities that are traded on more than one exchange are valued on the exchange
determined by the Advisor to be the primary market. Securities traded in the
over-the-counter market are valued at the mean between the last available bid
and asked price prior to the time of valuation. Securities and assets for which
market quotations are not readily available (including restricted securities
which are subject to limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as
determined in good faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
Corporate debt securities are valued on the basis of valuations provided by
dealers in those instruments, by an independent pricing service, approved by the
Board, or at fair value as determined in good faith by procedures approved by
the Board. Any such pricing service, in determining value, will use information
with respect to transactions in the securities being valued, quotations from
dealers, market transactions in comparable securities, analyses and evaluations
of various relationships between securities and yield to maturity information.
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An
option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price
or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. If an options
exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset value.
Any assets or liabilities initially expressed in terms of foreign
currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the official exchange rate or,
alternatively, at the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such
currencies against the U.S. dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular
participant in the foreign exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service
that takes into account the quotes provided by a number of such major banks. If
neither of these alternatives is available or both are deemed not to provide a
suitable methodology for converting a foreign currency into U.S. dollars, the
Board in good faith will establish a conversion rate for such currency.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in good
faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund will be taxed, under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"),
as a separate entity from any other series of the Trust, and it intends to elect
to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under
Subchapter M of the Code. In each taxable year that the Fund qualifies, the Fund
(but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on that part
of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of interest and
dividend income, net short term capital gain and net realized gains from
currency transactions) and net capital gain that is distributed to shareholders.
In order to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute
annually to shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income
and must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the
following: (1) at least 90% of the Fund's gross income each taxable year must be
derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and
gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or
other income derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or
currencies; (2) less than 30% of the Fund's gross income each taxable year may
be derived from the sale or other disposition of securities held for less than
three months; (3) at the close of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, at
least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash
items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs and other
securities, limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not
exceed 5% of the value of the Fund and that does not represent more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (4) at the close of each
quarter of the Fund's taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of its assets
may be invested in securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the
securities of other RICs) of any one issuer.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains by
the Fund will be taxable to shareholders
B-16
<PAGE>
whether made in cash or reinvested in shares. In determining amounts of net
realized capital gains to be distributed, any capital loss carryovers from prior
years will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving
distributions in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or any securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
IRS with respect to distributions and payments made to the shareholder. In
addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal income tax at the rate
of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other payments made to accounts of
individual or other non-exempt shareholders who have not furnished their correct
taxpayer identification numbers and made certain required certifications on the
Account Application Form or with respect to which the Fund or the securities
dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number furnished is incorrect or
that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the Prospectus. In order to avoid the payment of any federal excise
tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31 of each
year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year, distributions at
least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar year and at least
98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses realized in the
one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with any undistributed
amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of capital losses) from
the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into forward contracts
and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will determine the character
and timing of recognition of the income received in connection therewith by the
Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain gains therefrom that may be
excluded by future regulations) and income from transactions in options and
forward contracts derived by the Fund with respect to its business of investing
in securities or foreign currencies will qualify as permissible income under
Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by that Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options and forward contracts that are subject to Section 1256
of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held by the Fund at the end
of its taxable year generally will be required to be "marked to market" for
federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been sold at market value.
Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales and 60%
of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of Section 1256 Contracts
will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be
treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts and
foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables is treated as ordinary
income or loss. Some part of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other
disposition of shares of a foreign corporation may, because of changes in
B-17
<PAGE>
foreign currency exchange rates, be treated as ordinary income or loss under
Section 988 of the Code, rather than as capital gain or loss.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends with respect to such shares during such
six-month period. All or a portion of a loss realized upon the redemption of
shares of the Fund may be disallowed to the extent shares of the same Fund are
purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30
days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Heller, Ehrman, White
& McAuliffe has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident aliens and
foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be subject to
withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Dividends from the Fund's investment company taxable income (whether
paid in cash or invested in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders
as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits.
Distributions of the Fund's net capital gain (whether paid in cash or invested
in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain,
regardless of how long they have held their Fund shares.
Dividends declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any
year and payable to shareholders of record on a date in one of such months will
be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by the shareholders on the
record date if the dividends are paid by the Fund during the following January.
Accordingly, such dividends will be taxed to shareholders for the year in which
the record date falls.
The Fund is required to withhold 31% of all dividends, capital gain
distributions and redemption proceeds payable to any individuals and certain
other noncorporate shareholders who do not provide the Fund with a correct
taxpayer identification number. The Fund also is required to withhold 31% of all
dividends and capital gain distributions paid to such shareholders who otherwise
are subject to backup withholding.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
Total Return
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
Yield
B-18
<PAGE>
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b/cd + 1) - 1]
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
Other information
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or indicate future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of a Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, The Wall Street
Journal, Money Magazine, Forbes, Business Week, Financial World and Barron's.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Trust is a newly organized entity and has no prior business
history. The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited
number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to divide or
combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby
changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share
represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each
other share. Upon the Trust's liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata
in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders. If
they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the Board of
Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each other
only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created two series of shares,
and may create additional series in the future, which have separate assets and
liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically attributable to a
particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the Trustees,
generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
B-19
<PAGE>
The Fund's custodian, Star Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, 24
W. Carver Street, Huntington, NY 11743 acts as the Fund's accounting services
agent. The Fund's independent accountants, , 555 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY
10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports to the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at , 1996.
APPENDIX
Description of Ratings
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.: Corporate Bond Ratings
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa---Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" to both the Aaa
and Aa rating classifications. The modifier "1" indicates that the security
ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier "2"
indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier "3" indicates that the issue
ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Standard & Poor's Corporation: Corporate Bond Ratings
AAA--This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA--Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A--Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB--Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
Commercial Paper Ratings
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment.
B-20
<PAGE>
Ratings are graded into four categories, ranging from "A" for the
highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B-21
<PAGE>
Preliminary Prospectus dated December , 1996
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
A registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission but has not yet become effective. Information
contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. These securities may not
be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration
statement becomes effective. This prospectus shall not constitute an offer to
sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of these
securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would
be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of
any such jurisdiction.
American Trust Allegiance Fund
One Court Street
Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766
(603) 448-6415
The American Trust Allegiance Fund (the "Fund") is a mutual fund with
the investment objective of capital appreciation. The Fund attempts to achieve
its objective by investing in equity securities. See "Investment Objectives and
Policies." There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment
objective.
This Prospectus sets forth basic information about the Fund that
prospective investors should know before investing. It should be read and
retained for future reference. The Fund is a separate series of Advisors Series
Trust (the "Trust"), an open-end registered management investment company. A
Statement of Additional Information dated , 1997, as may be amended from time to
time, has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is
incorporated herein by reference. This Statement of Additional Information is
available without charge upon request to the Fund at the address or telephone
number given above.
These securities have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and
Exchange Commission or any state securities commission nor has the Securities
and Exchange Commission or any state securities commission passed upon the
accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
Prospectus dated , 1997
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Expense Table............................... 2
Investment Objective and Policies........... 3
Management of the Fund...................... 5
Investor Guide.............................. 7
Services Available to Shareholders.......... 10
How to Redeem Your Shares................... 11
Distributions and Taxes..................... 16
General Information......................... 17
EXPENSE TABLE
Expenses are one of several factors to consider when investing in the Fund.
There are two types of expenses involved: shareholder transaction expenses, such
as sales loads, and annual operating expenses, such as investment advisory fees.
The Fund is a no-load mutual fund and has no shareholder transaction expenses.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Annual Operating Expenses
(As a percentage of average net assets)
<S> <C>
Investment Advisory Fees........................................................... 0.95%
Other Expenses..................................................................... 0.50%
----
Total Operating Expenses........................................................... 1.45%
</TABLE>
The purpose of the above fee table is to provide an understanding of the various
annual operating expenses which may be borne directly or indirectly by an
investment in the Fund. Actual expenses may be more or less than those shown.
The Advisor has agreed to reduce its fees to insure that the expenses for the
Fund will not exceed 1.45% of average net assets annually. In the event expenses
do exceed 1.45%, the Fund may reimburse the Advisor in future years. See
"Management of the Fund."
Example
This table illustrates the net operating expenses that would be
incurred by an investment in the Fund over different time periods assuming a
$1,000 investment, a 5% annual return, and redemption at the end of each time
period.
1 Year 3 Years
$14 $44
The Example shown above should not be considered a representation of past or
future expenses and actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown. In
addition, federal regulations require the Example to assume a 5% annual return,
but the Fund's actual return may be higher or lower. See "Management of the
Fund."
-2-
<PAGE>
The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $2,500, with subsequent minimum
investments of $250 or more ($1,000 and $100, respectively, for retirement
plans). Shares will be redeemed at net asset value per share.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
What is the Fund's investment objective?
The investment objective of the Fund is to seek growth of capital. There can be
no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective.
How does the Fund seek to achieve its objective?
American Trust Company (the "Advisor") selects equity securities for the Fund's
portfolio that it expects will appreciate in value over the long term. The
Advisor uses a "bottom up" approach to stock investing and does not attempt to
forecast the U.S. economy, interest rates, inflation or the U.S. stock market.
It focuses on finding companies which meet its financial criteria, and it
purchases the securities of those companies with the intention of holding them
for a minimum of three years, subject to changes in fundamentals, valuation or
competitive position.
The Advisor will not invest in companies that are involved
in the tobacco, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical diagnostic services and
products, gambling and liquor industries. While a company may have ancillary
operations in one of these areas, it is expected that current revenues from
these industries will represent less than 5% of the total revenues of any
company. The great majority of companies purchased will have no exposure to
these industries.
-3-
<PAGE>
The Advisor expects that the Fund's portfolio will generally consist of
predominantly large and mid-capitalization stocks, but in some market
environments, small capitalization stocks may constitute a large portion of the
Fund's portfolio. A small capitalization stock considered to be one which has a
market capitalization of less than $500 million at the time of investment. To
the extent that the Fund does invest in small capitalization stocks, there is
the risk that its portfolio will be less marketable and may be subject to
greater fluctuations in price than a portfolio holding stocks of larger issuers.
Small capitalization stocks often pay no dividends, but income is not a primary
goal of the Fund. The Advisor does not expect the Fund's annual turnover rate to
exceed 50%.
Other securities the Fund might purchase.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 85% of its total
assets in common stocks. If the Advisor believes that market conditions warrant
a temporary defensive posture, the Fund may invest without limit in high
quality, short-term debt securities and money market instruments. These
short-term debt securities and money market instruments include commercial
paper, certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, U.S. Government securities
and repurchase agreements.
Investment restrictions.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions, which are described fully
in the Statement of Additional Information. Like the Fund's investment
objective, certain of these restrictions are fundamental and may be changed only
by a majority vote of the
-4-
<PAGE>
Fund's outstanding shares. As a fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified,
which means that as to 75% of its total assets, no more than 5% may be invested
in the securities of a single issuer and that no more than 10% of its total
assets may be invested in the voting securities of such issuer.
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The Board of Trustees of the Trust establishes the Fund's policies and
supervises and reviews the management of the Fund.
The Advisor.
The Fund's Advisor, American Trust Company, One Court Street, Lebanon, New
Hampshire 03766 is dedicated primarily to providing investment management
services to individuals, charitable organizations, foundations and corporations.
The Advisor has not previously managed a mutual fund, but it provides investment
management services to individual and institutional accounts with a value in
excess of $120 million. Paul H. Collins and Jeffrey M. Harris, CFA, senior
officers of the Advisor, are principally responsible for the management of the
Fund's portfolio. They have been in the investment field professionally for 20
and 18 years, respectively.
The Advisor provides the Fund with advice on buying and selling securities,
manages the investments of the Fund, furnishes the Fund with office space and
certain administrative services, and provides most of the personnel needed by
the Fund. As compensation, the Fund pays the Advisor a monthly management fee
based upon the average daily net assets of the Fund at the annual rate of 0.95%.
-5-
<PAGE>
The Administrator.
Investment Company Administration Corporation (the
"Administrator") prepares various federal and state regulatory filings, reports
and returns for the Fund, prepares reports and materials to be supplied to the
trustees, monitors the activities of the Fund's custodian, shareholder servicing
agent and accountants, and coordinates the preparation and payment of Fund
expenses and reviews the Fund's expense accruals. For its services, the
Administrator receives a monthly fee at the annual rate of 0.25%, subject to a
$30,000 annual minimum.
Other operating expenses.
The Fund is responsible for
its own operating expenses, including but not limited to, the advisory and
administration fees, custody and shareholder servicing agent fees, legal and
auditing expenses, federal and state registration fees, and fees to the Trust's
disinterested trustees. The Advisor may reduce its fees or reimburse the Fund
for expenses at any time in order to reduce the Fund's expenses. Reductions made
by the Advisor in its fees or payments or reimbursements of expenses which are
the Fund's obligation are subject to reimbursement by the Fund provided the Fund
is able to do so and remain in compliance with any applicable expense
limitations.
Brokerage transactions.
The Advisor considers a number of factors in determining which brokers or
dealers to use for the Fund's portfolio transactions. While these are more fully
discussed in the Statement of Additional Information, the factors include, but
are not limited to, the reasonableness of commissions, quality of services and
execution, and the availability of research which
-6-
<PAGE>
the Advisor may lawfully and appropriately use in its investment advisory
capacities.
INVESTOR GUIDE
How to purchase shares of the Fund.
There are two ways to purchase shares of the Fund. Both of them require you to
complete an Application Form, which accompanies this Prospectus. If you have
questions about how to invest, or about how to complete the Application Form,
please call an account representative at (800) 000-0000.
You may send money to the Fund by mail.
If you wish to invest by mail, simply complete the
Application Form and mail it with a check (made payable to the Fund -- American
Trust Allegiance Fund) to the Fund's Shareholder Servicing Agent:
American Trust Allegiance Fund
P.O. Box 000
Cincinnati, OH 45264-0856
You may wire money to the Fund.
Before sending a wire, you should call the Fund at (800) 000-0000 between 9:00
a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on a day when the New York Stock Exchange
("NYSE") is open for trading, in order to receive an account number. It is
important to call and receive this account number, because if your wire is sent
without it or without the name of the Fund, there may be a delay in investing
the money you wire. You should then ask your bank to wire money to:
Star Bank, N.A. Cinti/Trust
ABA # 0420-0001-3
for credit to American Trust Allegiance Fund
DDA #
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<PAGE>
for further credit to [your name and account
number]
Your bank may charge you a fee for sending a wire to the Fund.
Minimum investments.
The minimum initial investment in the Fund is $2,500. The minimum subsequent
investment is $250. However, if you are investing in an IRA, or you are starting
an Check-A-Matic Investing Plan (see below), the minimum initial and subsequent
investments are $1,000 and $100, respectively.
Subsequent investments.
You purchase additional shares of the Fund by sending a check, with the stub
from an account statement, to the Fund at the address above. Please also write
your account number on the check. (If you do not have a stub from an account
statement, you can write your name, address and account number on a separate
piece of paper and enclose it with your check.) If you want send additional
money for investment by wire, it is important for you to call the Fund at (800)
000-0000.
When is money invested in the Fund?
Any money received for investment in the Fund, whether sent by check or
by wire, is invested at the net asset value of the Fund which is next calculated
after the money is received (assuming the check or wire correctly identifies the
Fund and account). The net asset value is calculated at the close of regular
trading of the NYSE, currently 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. A check or wire received
after the NYSE close is invested as of the next calculation of the Fund's net
asset value.
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<PAGE>
What is the net asset value of the Fund?
The Fund's net asset value per share is calculated by dividing the value of the
Fund's total assets, less its liabilities, by its shares outstanding. In
calculating the net asset value, portfolio securities are valued using current
market values, if available. Securities for which market quotations are not
readily available are valued at fair values determined in good faith by or under
the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Trust. The fair value of
short-term obligations with remaining maturities of 60 days or less is
considered to be their amortized cost.
Other information.
First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455 E. Camelback Road, Suite 261E, Phoenix, AZ
85018, an affiliate of the Administrator, is the principal underwriter
("Distributor") of the Fund's shares. The Distributor may waive the minimum
investment requirements for purchases by certain group or retirement plans. All
investments must be made in U.S. dollars, and checks must be drawn on U.S.
banks. Third party checks will not be accepted. A charge may be imposed if any
check used for investment does not clear. The Fund and the Distributor reserve
the right to reject any investment, in whole or in part. Federal tax law
requires that investors provide a certified taxpayer identification number and
other certifications on opening an account in order to avoid backup withholding
of taxes. See the Application Form for more information about backup
withholding. The Fund is not required to issue share certificates; all shares
are normally held in non-certificated form on the books of the Fund, for the
account of the shareholder.
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<PAGE>
SERVICES AVAILABLE TO SHAREHOLDERS
Retirement Plans.
You may obtain a prototype Individual Retirement Account ("IRA") plan from the
Fund. Shares of the Fund are also eligible investments for other types of
retirement plan.
Automatic investing by check.
You may make regular monthly investments in the Fund using the "Check-A-Matic
Plan." A check is automatically drawn on your personal checking account each
month for a predetermined amount (but not less than $100), as if you had written
it directly. Upon receipt of the withdrawn funds, the Fund automatically invests
the money in additional shares of the Fund at the current net asset value.
Applications for this service are available from the Fund. There is no charge by
the Fund for this service. The Fund may terminate or modify this privilege at
any time, and shareholders may terminate their participation by notifying the
Shareholder Servicing Agent in writing, sufficiently in advance of the next
withdrawal.
Automatic withdrawals.
The Fund offers a Systematic Withdrawal Program whereby shareholders may request
that a check drawn in a predetermined amount be sent to them each month or
calendar quarter. To start this Program, your account must have Fund shares with
a value of at least $10,000, and the minimum amount that may be withdrawn each
month or quarter is $50. The Program may be terminated or modified by a
shareholder or the Fund at any time without charge or penalty. A withdrawal
under the Systematic Withdrawal Program involves a redemption of shares, and may
result in a gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. In
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<PAGE>
addition, if the amount withdrawn exceeds the dividends credited to the your
account, the account ultimately may be depleted.
HOW TO REDEEM YOUR SHARES
You have the right to redeem all or any portion of your shares of the Fund at
their net asset value on each day the NYSE is open for trading.
Redemption in writing.
You may redeem your shares by simply sending a written request to the
Fund. You should give your account number and state whether you want all or part
of your shares redeemed. The letter should be signed by all of the shareholders
whose names appear in the account registration. If you have obtained stock
certificates, they must be returned with the redemption request. You should send
your redemption request to:
American Trust Allegiance Fund
24 West Carver Street, 2nd Floor
Huntington, NY 11743
Signature guarantee.
If the value of the shares you wish to redeem exceeds $5,000, the signatures on
the redemption request must be guaranteed by an "eligible guarantor
institution." These institutions include banks, broker-dealers, credit unions
and savings institutions. A broker-dealer guaranteeing a signature must be a
member of a clearing corporation or maintain net capital of at least $100,000.
Credit unions must be authorized to issue signature guarantees. Signature
guarantees will be accepted from any eligible guarantor institution which
participates in a signature guarantee program. A notary public is not an
acceptable guarantor.
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<PAGE>
Redemption by telephone.
If you complete the Redemption by Telephone portion of the Fund's Application
Form, you may redeem shares on any business day the New York Stock Exchange is
open by calling the Fund's Shareholder Servicing Agent at (800) 000-0000 before
4:00 p.m. Eastern time. Redemption proceeds will be mailed or wired, at your
direction, on the next business day to the bank account you designated on the
Application Form. The minimum amount that may be wired is $1,000 (wire charges,
if any, will be deducted from redemption proceeds). Telephone redemptions cannot
be made by IRA accounts due to tax implications..
By establishing telephone redemption privileges, you authorize the Fund and its
Shareholder Servicing Agent to act upon the instruction of any person who makes
the telephone call to redeem shares from your account and transfer the proceeds
to the bank account designated in the Application Form. The Fund and the
Shareholder Servicing Agent will use procedures to confirm that redemption
instructions received by telephone are genuine, including recording of telephone
instructions and requiring a form of personal identification before acting on
these instructions. If these normal identification procedures are followed,
neither the Fund nor the Shareholder Servicing Agent will be liable for any
loss, liability, or cost which results from acting upon instructions of a person
believed to be a shareholder with respect to the telephone redemption privilege.
The Fund may change, modify, or terminate these privileges at any time upon at
least 60 days' notice to shareholders.
You may request telephone redemption after your
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<PAGE>
account is opened; however, the authorization form will require a separate
signature guarantee. Shareholders may experience delays in exercising telephone
redemption during periods of abnormal market activity.
What price is used for a redemption?
The redemption price is the net asset value of the Fund's shares, next
determined after shares are validly tendered for redemption. Any stock
certificates must be returned, all signatures of account holders must be
included in the request, and a signature guarantee, if required, must also be
included for the request to be valid.
When are redemption payments made?
As noted above, redemption payments for telephone redemptions are sent on the
day after the telephone call is received. Payments for redemptions sent in
writing are normally made promptly, but no later than seven days after the
receipt of a valid request. However, the Fund may suspend the right of
redemption under certain extraordinary circumstances in accordance with rules of
the Securities and Exchange Commission.
If shares were purchased by wire, they cannot be
redeemed until the day after the wire is received. If shares were purchased by
check and then redeemed shortly after the check is received, the Fund may delay
sending the redemption proceeds until it has been notified that the check used
to purchase the shares has been collected, a process which may take up to 15
days. This delay can be avoided by investing by wire or by using a certified or
official bank check to make the purchase.
-13-
<PAGE>
Other information about redemptions.
A redemption may result in recognition of a gain or loss for federal income tax
purposes. Due to the relatively high cost of maintaining smaller accounts, the
shares in your account (unless it is a retirement plan or Uniform Gifts or
Transfers to Minors Act accounts) may be redeemed by the Fund if, due to
redemptions you have made, the total value of your account is reduced to less
than $500. If the Fund determines to make such an involuntary redemption, you
will first be notified that the value of your account is less than $500, and you
will be allowed 30 days to make an additional investment to bring the value of
your account to at least $500 before the Fund takes any action.
DISTRIBUTIONS AND TAXES
Dividends and other distributions.
Dividends from net investment income, if any, are normally declared and paid by
the Fund in December. Capital gains distributions, if any, are also normally
made in December, but the Fund may make an additional payment of dividends or
distributions if it deems it desirable at another time during any year.
Dividends and capital gain distributions (net of any required tax
withholding) are automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Fund at
the net asset value per share on the reinvestment date unless you have
previously requested in writing to the Shareholder Servicing Agent that payment
be made in cash.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund has the effect of reducing the net
asset value per share on the record date by the amount of the dividend or
distribution. You should note that a dividend or distribution
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<PAGE>
paid on shares purchased shortly before that dividend or distribution was
declared will be subject to income taxes even though the dividend or
distribution represents, in substance, a partial return of capital to you.
Taxes
The Fund intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated investment
company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code"). As
long as the Fund continues to qualify, and as long as the Fund distributes all
of its income each year to the shareholders, the Fund will not be subject to any
federal or excise taxes. The distributions made by the Fund will be taxable to
shareholders whether received in shares (through dividend reinvestment ) or in
cash. Distributions derived from net investment income, including net short-term
capital gains, are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. A portion of
these distributions may qualify for the intercorporate dividends-received
deduction. Distributions designated as capital gains dividends are taxable as
long-term capital gains regardless of the length of time shares of the Fund have
been held. Although distributions are generally taxable when received, certain
distributions made in January are taxable as if received the prior December. You
will be informed annually of the amount and nature of the Fund's distributions.
Additional information about taxes is set forth in the Statement of Additional
Information. You should consult your own advisers concerning federal, state and
local taxation of distributions from the Fund.
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<PAGE>
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Trust.
The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on October 3, 1996. The
Agreement and Declaration of Trust permits the Board of Trustees to issue an
unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest, without
par value, which may be issued in any number of series. The Board of Trustees
may from time to time issue other series, the assets and liabilities of which
will be separate and distinct from any other series. The fiscal year of the Fund
ends on November 30.
Shareholder Rights.
Shares issued by the Fund have no preemptive, conversion, or
subscription rights. Shareholders have equal and exclusive rights as to
dividends and distributions as declared by the Fund and to the net assets of the
Fund upon liquidation or dissolution. The Fund, as a separate series of the
Trust, votes separately on matters affecting only the Fund (e.g., approval of
the Investment Advisory Agreement); all series of the Trust vote as a single
class on matters affecting all series jointly or the Trust as a whole (e.g.,
election or removal of Trustees). Voting rights are not cumulative, so that the
holders of more than 50% of the shares voting in any election of Trustees can,
if they so choose, elect all of the Trustees. While the Trust is not required
and does not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders, such meetings may
be called by the Trustees in their discretion, or upon demand by the holders of
10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Trust for the purpose of electing
or removing Trustees.
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<PAGE>
Performance Information.
From time to time, the Fund may publish its total return in advertisements and
communications to investors. Total return information will include the Fund's
average annual compounded rate of return over the most recent four calendar
quarters and over the period from the Fund's inception of operations. The Fund
may also advertise aggregate and average total return information over different
periods of time. The Fund's total return will be based upon the value of the
shares acquired through a hypothetical $1,000 investment at the beginning of the
specified period and the net asset value of those shares at the end of the
period, assuming reinvestment of all distributions. Total return figures will
reflect all recurring charges against Fund income. You should note that the
investment results of the Fund will fluctuate over time, and any presentation of
the Fund's total return for any prior period should not be considered as a
representation of what an investor's total return may be in any future period.
Shareholder Inquiries.
Shareholder inquiries should be directed to the Shareholder Servicing Agent at
(800) 000-0000.
<PAGE>
Subject to Completion. Preliminary Statement of
Additional Information dated December , 1996
Information contained herein is subject to completion or amendment. A
registration statement relating to these securities has been filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. These securities may not be sold nor may any
offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes
effective. This Statement of Additional Information does not constitute a
prospectus.
AMERICAN TRUST ALLEGIANCE FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated , 1997
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and it should be
read in conjunction with the prospectus dated , 1997, as may be amended from
time to time, of the American Trust Allegiance Fund (the "Fund"), a series of
Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). American Trust Company (the "Advisor") is
the Advisor to the Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained from the Fund
at [address], telephone [telephone number].
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the prospectus
<S> <C> <C>
Investment Objective and Policies.................... B-2 Investment Objective and Policies
Management........................................... B-8 Management of the Fund; General Information
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage................. B-10 Management of the Fund
Net Asset Value...................................... B-11 Investor Guide
Taxation ........................................... B-12 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions.......................... B-13 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information.............................. B-13 General Information
General Information.................................. B-14 General Information
Appendix ........................................... B-15 Not applicable
</TABLE>
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to seek capital appreciation.
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective. The discussion
below supplements information contained in the prospectus as to investment
policies of the Fund.
Convertible Securities and Warrants
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation attendant upon a market price advance in
the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
Risks of Investing in Debt Securities
There are a number of risks generally associated with an investment in
debt securities (including convertible securities). Yields on short,
intermediate, and long-term securities depend on a variety of factors, including
the general condition of the money and bond markets, the size of a particular
offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue.
Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields
and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and
depreciation than obligations with short maturities and lower yields. The market
prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An
increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of such portfolio
investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value
of such portfolio investments. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment
objective also depends on the continuing ability of the issuers of the debt
securities in which the Fund invests to meet their obligations for the payment
of interest and principal when due.
Risks of Investing in Lower-Rated Debt Securities
As set forth in the prospectus, the Fund may invest a portion of its
net assets in convertible debt securities, which may be rated below "Baa" by
Moody's or "BBB" by S&P or below investment grade by other recognized rating
agencies, or in unrated securities of comparable quality under certain
circumstances. Securities with ratings below "Baa" and/or "BBB" are commonly
referred to as "junk bonds." Such bonds are subject to greater market
fluctuations and risk of loss of income and principal than higher rated bonds
for a variety of reasons, including the following:
Sensitivity to Interest Rate and Economic Changes. The economy and
interest rates affect high yield securities differently from other securities.
For example, the prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive
to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to
adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an
economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly
leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect
their ability to service their principal and interest obligations, to meet
projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a
bond defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In
addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result
in increased volatility of market prices of high yield bonds and the Fund's
asset values.
Payment Expectations. High yield bonds present certain risks based on
payment expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and
call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest
B-2
<PAGE>
rate market, the Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding
security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high
yield bond's value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the
value of the Fund's assets. If the Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions,
it may be forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to their investment
merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund's expenses can be
spread and possibly reducing the Fund's rate of return.
Liquidity and Valuation. To the extent that there is no established
retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this
may impact the Advisor's ability to accurately value high yield bonds and the
Fund's assets and hinder the Fund's ability to dispose of the bonds. Adverse
publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially
in a thinly traded market.
Credit Ratings. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and
interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield bonds. Also, since
credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect
subsequent events, the Advisor must monitor the issuers of high yield bonds in
the Fund's portfolio to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow
and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the
bonds' liquidity so the Fund can meet redemption requests. The Fund will not
necessarily dispose of a portfolio security when its rating has been changed.
Short-Term Investments
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
Bank Certificates or Deposit, Bankers' Acceptances and Time Deposits.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
Savings Association Obligations. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
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<PAGE>
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
Commercial Paper, Short-Term Notes and Other Corporate Obligations. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in Appendix A.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
Money Market Funds
The Fund may under certain circumstances invest a portion of its assets
in money market funds. The Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act")
prohibits the Fund from investing more than 5% of the value of its total assets
in any one investment company. or more than 10% of the value of its total assets
in investment companies as a group, and also restricts its investment in any
investment company to 3% of the voting securities of such investment company.
The Advisor will not impose advisory fees on assets of the Fund invested in a
money market mutual fund. However, an investment in a money market mutual fund
will involve payment by the Fund of its pro rata share of advisory and
administrative fees charged by such fund.
Government Obligations
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
Zero Coupon Securities
The Fund may invest up to 35% of its net assets in zero coupon
securities issued by the U.S. Treasury. Zero coupon Treasury securities are U.S.
Treasury notes and bonds which have been stripped of their unmatured interest
coupons and receipts, or certificates representing interests in such stripped
debt obligations or coupons. Because a zero coupon security pays no interest to
its holder during its life or for a substantial period of time, it usually
trades at a deep discount from its face or par value and will be subject to
greater fluctuations of market value in response to changing interest rates than
debt obligations of comparable maturities which make current distributions of
interest.
Variable and Floating Rate Instruments
The Fund may acquire variable and floating rate instruments. Such
instruments are frequently not rated by credit rating agencies; however, unrated
variable and floating rate instruments purchased by the Fund will be determined
by the Advisor under guidelines established by the Trust's Board of Trustees to
be of comparable quality at the time of the
B-4
<PAGE>
purchase to rated instruments eligible for purchase by the Fund. In making such
determinations, the Advisor will consider the earning power, cash flow and other
liquidity ratios of the issuers of such instruments (such issuers include
financial, merchandising, bank holding and other companies) and will monitor
their financial condition. An active secondary market may not exist with respect
to particular variable or floating rate instruments purchased by the Fund. The
absence of such an active secondary market could make it difficult for the Fund
to dispose of the variable or floating rate instrument involved in the event of
the issuer of the instrument defaulting on its payment obligation or during
periods in which the Fund is not entitled to exercise its demand rights, and the
Fund could, for these or other reasons, suffer a loss to the extent of the
default. Variable and floating rate instruments may be secured by bank letters
of credit.
Foreign Investments and Currencies
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers that are publicly
traded in the United States. The Fund may also invest in depositary receipts.
Depositary Receipts. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
Risks of Investing in Foreign Securities. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the
following:
Political and Economic Factors. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
Legal and Regulatory Matters. Certain foreign countries may have less
supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less
financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United
States.
Taxes. The interest payable on certain of the Fund's foreign portfolio
securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus reducing the net
amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's shareholders.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign
company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the
particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of
securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also
factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of
the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the
Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts
will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the
prospectus, depending on the Advisor's assessment of prevailing market, economic
and other conditions.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund holding
the repurchase agreement will suffer a loss
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to the extent that the proceeds from
a sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price under the
agreement. Bankruptcy or insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the
Fund's rights with respect to such securities to be delayed or limited.
Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
When-Issued Securities, Forward Commitments and Delayed Settlements
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will set aside cash or
liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate
account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy
a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to
place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy
its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the
ability of the Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's
forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
Borrowing
The Fund is authorized to borrow money from time to time for
temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions
in amounts up to 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of such
borrowings.
Short Sales
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities it owns or has
the right to acquire at no added cost through conversion or exchange of other
securities it owns (referred to as short sales "against the box"). If the Fund
makes a short sale "against the box," the Fund would not immediately deliver the
securities sold and would not receive the proceeds from the sale. The seller is
said to have a short position in the securities sold until it delivers the
securities sold, at which time it receives the proceeds of the sale. To secure
its obligation to deliver securities sold short, the Fund will deposit in escrow
in a separate account with the Custodian an equal amount of the securities sold
short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for such securities. The
Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and delivering an equal
amount of the securities sold short, rather than by delivering securities
already held by the Fund, because the Fund might want to continue to receive
interest and dividend payments on securities in its portfolio that are
convertible into the securities sold short.
The Fund's decision to make a short sale "against the box" may be a
technique to hedge against market risks when the Advisor believes that the price
of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by
the Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In
such case, any future losses in the Fund's long position would be reduced by a
gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in the long
position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short
relative to the amount of the securities the Fund owns, either directly or
indirectly, and, in the case where the Fund owns convertible securities, changes
in the investment values or conversion premiums of such securities.
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<PAGE>
Illiquid Securities
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption within
seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in
order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse
market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
Risks of Investing in Small Companies
As stated in the prospectus, the Fund may invest in securities of small
companies. Additional risks of such investments include the markets on which
such securities are frequently traded. In many instances the securities of
smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities
exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less
than is typical of larger companies. Therefore, the securities of smaller
companies may be subject to greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. When
making large sales, the Fund may have to sell portfolio holdings at discounts
from quoted prices or may have to make a series of small sales over an extended
period of time due to the trading volume of smaller company securities.
Investors should be aware that, based on the foregoing factors, an investment in
the Fund may be subject to greater price fluctuations than an investment in a
fund that invests exclusively in larger, more established companies. The
Advisor's research efforts may also play a greater role in selecting securities
for the Fund than in a fund that invests in larger, more established companies.
Investment Restrictions
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified; i.e., as to
75% of the value of a its total assets: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its
total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than
U.S. Government securities); and (ii) the Fund may not purchase more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of an issuer. The Fund's investment objective
is also fundamental.
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<PAGE>
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis from banks for temporary or
emergency purposes or for the clearance of transactions in amounts not exceeding
5% of its total assets (not including the amount borrowed), provided that it
will not make investments while borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its
total assets are outstanding;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed
to be an underwriter in connection with the sale of
securities in its investment portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry
(other than U.S. Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and
except for repurchase agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law.
2. Invest more than 15% of its assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to be liquid).
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with the Trust,
their business addresses and principal occupations during the past five years
are:
Name, address and age Position Principal Occupation During Past Five Years
[To be filed by amendment]
* denotes Trustees who are "interested persons" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
It is estimated that each Trustee who is not an interested person of the Trust
will receive a fee at the annual rate of $
B-8
<PAGE>
The Advisor
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to Advisor. In providing such services, Advisor shall at all times adhere to the
provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities laws, applicable
state securities laws, the Internal Revenue Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under this Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as officers
of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the Advisor
shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor to
furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information, advice
regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to technical and
scientific developments, and such other information, advice and assistance as
the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and reasonably request.
With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has agreed to be
responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra copies of the
Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales and
advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees attendant
thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders); and the
costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings convened
for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the
Investment Company Act; taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in
connection with meetings of the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of
Trustees that are properly payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of
officers and fees and expenses of members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or
members of any advisory board or committee who are not members of, affiliated
with or interested persons of the Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums
on property or personnel of each Fund which inure to its benefit, including
liability and fidelity bond insurance; the cost of preparing and printing
reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and statements of additional information
of the Fund or other communications for distribution to existing shareholders;
legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expenses
(including legal fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares
for sale under federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; all
expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all
charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing,
redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other
charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring
expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
The Advisor may agree to waive certain of its fees or reimburse the
Fund for certain expenses, in order to limit the expense ratio of the Fund. In
that event, subject to approval by the Trust's Board of Trustees, the Fund may
reimburse
B-9
<PAGE>
the Advisor in subsequent years for fees waived and expenses reimbursed,
provided the expense ratio before reimbursement is less than the expense
limitation in effect at that time.
The Advisor is controlled by
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust for any error of judgment by the Advisor for any loss sustained by the
Trust except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the
receipt of compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be
limited as provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or
gross negligence by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties
under the applicable agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the
Trust at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
The Administrator. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other governmental
agency (the Trust agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the
Administrator all necessary financial and other information in connection with
the foregoing); (iv) preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary
to register or maintain the Trust's registration and/or the registration of the
shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of the various
states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing fees or other
similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all inquiries or other
communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to the Administrator,
or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to be responded to by
the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services agent, overseeing
their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships between the Trust and
any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting services agent(s), including
the negotiation of agreements and the supervision of the performance of such
agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any of the Administrator's
directors, officers and employees who may be elected as Trustees or officers of
the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are elected. All services to
be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be furnished through
the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the Administrator.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of
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<PAGE>
commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that
transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, i.e., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (currently
4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The Exchange annually announces the
days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement
indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New Year's Day,
Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the Exchange may close on days not
included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, trading in and valuation of foreign securities is
substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the
NYSE. In addition, trading in and valuation of foreign securities may not take
place on every day in which the NYSE is open for trading. In that case, the
price used to determine the Fund's net asset value on the last day on which such
exchange was open will be used, unless the Trust's Board of Trustees determines
that a different price should be used. Furthermore, trading takes place in
various foreign markets on days in which the NYSE is not open for trading and on
which the Fund's net asset value is not calculated. Occasionally, events
affecting the values of such securities in U.S. dollars on a day on which the
Fund calculates its net asset value may occur between the times when such
securities are valued and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in
the computation of the Fund's net asset value unless the Board or its delegates
deem that such events would materially affect the net asset value, in which case
an adjustment would be made.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Pricing Committee pursuant to procedures approved by or
under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities traded in the over-the-counter market are valued at
the mean between the last available bid and asked price prior to the time of
valuation. Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily
available (including restricted securities which are subject to limitations as
to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by or under
the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate
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<PAGE>
otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if acquired
within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th day,
based on the value determined on the 61st day.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund will be taxed, under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"),
as a separate entity from any other series of the Trust, and it intends to elect
to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company ("RIC") under
Subchapter M of the Code. In each taxable year that the Fund qualifies, the Fund
(but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on that part
of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of interest and
dividend income and net short term capital gains) and net capital gain that is
distributed to shareholders.
In order to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute
annually to shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income
and must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are the
following: (1) at least 90% of the Fund's gross income each taxable year must be
derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans and
gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or
other income derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or
currencies; (2) less than 30% of the Fund's gross income each taxable year may
be derived from the sale or other disposition of securities held for less than
three months; (3) at the close of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, at
least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash
items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs and other
securities, limited in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not
exceed 5% of the value of the Fund and that does not represent more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (4) at the close of each
quarter of the Fund's taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of its assets
may be invested in securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the
securities of other RICs) of any one issuer.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to be
distributed, any capital loss carryovers from prior years will be applied
against capital gains. Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of
additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each
share so received equal to the net asset value of a share of the Fund on the
reinvestment date. Fund distributions also will be included in individual and
corporate shareholders' income on which the alternative minimum tax may be
imposed.
The Fund or any securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
IRS with respect to distributions and payments made to the shareholder. In
addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal income tax at the rate
of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other payments made to accounts of
individual or other non-exempt shareholders who have not furnished their correct
taxpayer identification numbers and made certain required certifications on the
Account Application Form or with respect to which the Fund or the securities
dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number furnished is incorrect or
that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions
annually, as stated in the Prospectus. In order to avoid the payment of any
federal excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before
December 31 of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital
B-12
<PAGE>
loss to the extent of distributions of long-term capital gain dividends with
respect to such shares during such six-month period. All or a portion of a loss
realized upon the redemption of shares of the Fund may be disallowed to the
extent shares of the same Fund are purchased (including shares acquired by means
of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Heller, Ehrman, White
& McAuliffe has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident aliens and
foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be subject to
withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Dividends from the Fund's investment company taxable income (whether
paid in cash or invested in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders
as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits.
Distributions of the Fund's net capital gain (whether paid in cash or invested
in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain,
regardless of how long they have held their Fund shares.
Dividends declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any
year and payable to shareholders of record on a date in one of such months will
be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by the shareholders on the
record date if the dividends are paid by the Fund during the following January.
Accordingly, such dividends will be taxed to shareholders for the year in which
the record date falls.
The Fund is required to withhold 31% of all dividends, capital gain
distributions and redemption proceeds payable to any individuals and certain
other noncorporate shareholders who do not provide the Fund with a correct
taxpayer identification number. The Fund also is required to withhold 31% of all
dividends and capital gain distributions paid to such shareholders who otherwise
are subject to backup withholding.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
Total Return
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
Yield
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
B-13
<PAGE>
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b/cd + 1) - 1]
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
Other information
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or indicate future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of a Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, The Wall Street
Journal, Money Magazine, Forbes, Business Week, Financial World and Barron's.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Trust is a newly organized entity and has no prior business
history. The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited
number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to divide or
combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby
changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share
represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each
other share. Upon the Trust's liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata
in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders. If
they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the Board of
Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each other
only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created one series of shares,
and may create additional series in the future, which have separate assets and
liabilities. In the event more than one series were created, income and
operating expenses not specifically attributable to a particular Fund would be
allocated fairly among the Funds by the Trustees, generally on the basis of the
relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Trust's custodian, Star Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, 24
W. Carver Street, Huntington, NY 11743 acts as the Fund's accounting services
agent. The Trust's independent accountants, , 555 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY
10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports to the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at , 1996.
B-14
<PAGE>
APPENDIX
Description of Ratings
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.: Corporate Bond Ratings
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa---Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" to both the Aaa
and Aa rating classifications. The modifier "1" indicates that the security
ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier "2"
indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier "3" indicates that the issue
ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Standard & Poor's Corporation: Corporate Bond Ratings
AAA--This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA--Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A--Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB--Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
Commercial Paper Ratings
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
<PAGE>
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 24. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(a) Financial Statements:
The following financial statements are included in Part B of the
Registration Statement:
[To be filed by amendment]
(b) Exhibits:
(1) Agreement and Declaration of Trust
(2) By-Laws
(3) Not applicable
(4) Specimen stock certificate1
(5) Form of Investment Advisory Agreement 1
(6) Distribution Agreement 1
(7) Not applicable
(8) Custodian Agreement 1
(9) Administration Agreement with Investment Company
Administration Corporation1
(10) Opinion and consent of counsel 1
(11) Consent of Independent Auditors 1
(12) Not applicable
(13) Investment letter 1
(14) Individual Retirement Account forms 1
(15) Not applicable
(16) Not applicable
(17) Financial Data Schedule 1
1 To be filed by amendment.
Item 25. Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant.
None.
Item 26. Number of Holders of Securities.
None.
Item 27. Indemnification.
Article VI of Registrant's By-Laws states as follows:
Section 1. AGENTS, PROCEEDINGS AND EXPENSES. For the purpose of this
Article, "agent" means any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or
other agent of this Trust or is or was serving at the request of this Trust as a
Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise or was a
Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of a foreign or domestic
corporation which was a predecessor of another enterprise at the request of such
predecessor entity; "proceeding" means any threatened, pending or completed
action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative;
and "expenses" includes without limitation attorney's fees and any expenses of
establishing a right to indemnification under this Article.
Section 2. ACTIONS OTHER THAN BY TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any
C-1
<PAGE>
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of this Trust) by reason of
the fact that such person is or was an agent of this Trust, against expenses,
judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred
in connection with such proceeding, if it is determined that person acted in
good faith and reasonably believed:
(a) in the case of conduct in his official capacity as a Trustee of the
Trust, that his conduct was in the Trust's best interests, and
(b) in all other cases, that his conduct was at least not opposed to the
Trust's best interests, and
(c) in the case of a criminal proceeding, that he had no reasonable cause
to believe the conduct of that person was unlawful.
The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement,
conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not of
itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which the person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of this
Trust or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person's
conduct was unlawful.
Section 3. ACTIONS BY THE TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any person
who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened,
pending or completed action by or in the right of this Trust to procure a
judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that that person is or was an agent
of this Trust, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by that person
in connection with the defense or settlement of that action if that person acted
in good faith, in a manner that person believed to be in the best interests of
this Trust and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily
prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances.
Section 4. EXCLUSION OF INDEMNIFICATION. Notwithstanding any provision
to the contrary contained herein, there shall be no right to indemnification for
any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
the agent's office with this Trust.
No indemnification shall be made under Sections 2 or 3 of this Article:
(a) In respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which that person
shall have been adjudged to be liable on the basis that personal
benefit was improperly received by him, whether or not the benefit
resulted from an action taken in the person's official capacity; or
(b) In respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which that person
shall have been adjudged to be liable in the performance of that
person's duty to this Trust, unless and only to the extent that the
court in which that action was brought shall determine upon application
that in view of all the circumstances of the case, that person was not
liable by reason of the disabling conduct set forth in the preceding
paragraph and is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for the
expenses which the court shall determine; or
(c) of amounts paid in settling or otherwise disposing of a
threatened or pending action, with or without court
approval, or of expenses
C-2
<PAGE>
incurred in defending a threatened or pending action which is settled
or otherwise disposed of without court approval, unless the required
approval set forth in Section 6 of this Article is obtained.
Section 5. SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE BY AGENT. To the extent that an agent of
this Trust has been successful on the merits in defense of any proceeding
referred to in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article or in defense of any claim, issue
or matter therein, before the court or other body before whom the proceeding was
brought, the agent shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by the agent in connection therewith, provided that the Board of
Trustees, including a majority who are disinterested, non-party Trustees, also
determines that based upon a review of the facts, the agent was not liable by
reason of the disabling conduct referred to in Section 4 of this Article.
Section 6. REQUIRED APPROVAL. Except as provided in Section 5 of this
Article, any indemnification under this Article shall be made by this Trust only
if authorized in the specific case on a determination that indemnification of
the agent is proper in the circumstances because the agent has met the
applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article and
is not prohibited from indemnification because of the disabling conduct set
forth in Section 4 of this Article, by:
(a) A majority vote of a quorum consisting of Trustees who are not parties
to the proceeding and are not interested persons of the Trust (as defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940); or
(b) A written opinion by an independent legal counsel.
Section 7. ADVANCE OF EXPENSES. Expenses incurred in defending any
proceeding may be advanced by this Trust before the final disposition of the
proceeding upon a written undertaking by or on behalf of the agent, to repay the
amount of the advance if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not
entitled to indemnification, together with at least one of the following as a
condition to the advance: (i)security for the undertaking; or (ii) the existence
of insurance protecting the Trust against losses arising by reason of any lawful
advances; or (iii) a determination by a majority of a quorum of Trustees who are
not parties to the proceeding and are not interested persons of the Trust, or by
an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, based on a review of readily
available facts that there is reason to believe that the agent ultimately will
be found entitled to indemnification. Determinations and authorizations of
payments under this Section must be made in the manner specified in Section 6 of
this Article for determining that the indemnification is permissible.
Section 8. OTHER CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS. Nothing contained in this Article
shall affect any right to indemnification to which persons other than Trustees
and officers of this Trust or any subsidiary hereof may be entitled by contract
or otherwise.
Section 9. LIMITATIONS. No indemnification or advance shall be made
under this Article, except as provided in Sections 5 or 6 in any circumstances
where it appears:
(a) that it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust of the Trust, a resolution of the shareholders, or
an agreement in effect at the time of accrual of the alleged cause of
action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred
or other amounts were paid which
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<PAGE>
prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or
(b) that it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly
imposed by a court in approving a settlement.
Section 10. INSURANCE. Upon and in the event of a determination by the
Board of Trustees of this Trust to purchase such insurance, this Trust shall
purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any agent of this Trust against any
liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in such capacity or arising
out of the agent's status as such, but only to the extent that this Trust would
have the power to indemnify the agent against that liability under the
provisions of this Article and the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the
Trust.
Section 11. FIDUCIARIES OF EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN. This Article does not
apply to any proceeding against any Trustee, investment manger or other
fiduciary of an employee benefit plan in that person's capacity as such, even
though that person may also be an agent of this Trust as defined in Section 1 of
this Article. Nothing contained in this Article shall limit any right to
indemnification to which such a Trustee, investment manager, or other fiduciary
may be entitled by contract or otherwise which shall be enforceable to the
extent permitted by applicable law other than this Article.
Item 28. Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser.
The information required by this item is contained in the Form ADV of
the following entities and is incorporated herein by reference:
Name of investment adviser File No.
[To be filed by amendment]
Item 29. Principal Underwriters.
(a) The Registrant's principal underwriter also acts as principal
underwriter for the following investment companies:
Berger/BIAM International Fund
Guiness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.
Jurika & Voyles Mutual Funds
Hotchkis and Wiley Funds
Kayne Anderson Mutual Funds
Masters' Select Investment Fund
Professionally Managed Portfolios
Rainier Investment Management Mutual Funds
RNC Liquid Assets Fund, Inc.
O'Shaughnessy Funds, Inc.
(b) The following information is furnished with respect to the officers
and directors of First Fund Distributors, Inc.:
C-4
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Position and Offices Position and
Name and Principal with Principal Offices with
Business Address Underwriter Registrant
<S> <C> <C>
Robert H. Wadsworth President Trustee,
4455 E. Camelback Road and Treasurer President,
Suite 261E Treasurer
Phoenix, AZ 85018
Eric M. Banhazl Vice President Assistant
2025 E. Financial Way Treasurer
Glendora, CA 91741
Steven J. Paggioli Vice President & Assistant
479 West 22nd Street Secretary Secretary
New York, New York 10011
</TABLE>
(c) Not applicable.
Item 30. Location of Accounts and Records.
The accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by
Registrant pursuant to Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and
the rules promulgated thereunder are in the possession of the following persons:
(a) the documents required to be maintained by paragraph (4) of Rule
31a-1(b) will be maintained by the Registrant;
(b) the documents required to be maintained by paragraphs (5), (6), (10)
and (11) of Rule 31a-1(b) will be maintained by the respective investment
advisors:
[To be completed by amendment]
(c) all other documents will be maintained by Registrant's custodian,
Star Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, OH 45202.
Item 31. Management Services.
Not applicable.
Item 32. Undertakings.
Registrant hereby undertakes to:
(a) File a post-effective amendment, using financial statements which may
not be certified, within four to six months of the effective date of this
Registration Statement; and
(b) Furnish each person to whom a Prospectus is delivered a copy of
Registrant's latest annual request to shareholders, upon request and without
charge.
(c) If requested to do so by the holders of at least 10% of the Trust's
outstanding shares, call a meeting of shareholders for the purposes of voting
upon the question of removal of a director and assist in communications with
other shareholders.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the
Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration
Statement on Form N-1A of Advisors Series Trust to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of Phoenix and the State
of Arizona on the 3rd day of December, 1996.
ADVISORS SERIES TRUST
By /s/Robert H. Wadsworth
Robert H. Wadsworth
President
This Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Advisors Series Trust has been
signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated On December 3,
1996.
/s/Robert H. Wadsworth President, Principal Financial
Robert H. Wadsworth and Accounting Officer, and Trustee
/s/Richard D. Burritt Trustee
Richard D Burritt
/s/Judith Wood-Swenson Trustee
Judith Wood-Swenson
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
of
Advisors Series Trust
a Delaware Business Trust
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ARTICLE I Name and Definitions
<S> <C>
1. Name................................................. 1
2. Definitions.......................................... 1
(a) Trust....................................... 1
(b) Trust Property.............................. 1
(c) Trustees.................................... 1
(d) Shares...................................... 2
(e) Shareholder................................. 2
(f) Person...................................... 2
(g) 1940 Act.................................... 2
(h) Commission and Principal Underwriter........ 2
(i) Declaration of Trust........................ 2
(j) By-Laws..................................... 2
(k) Interested Person........................... 2
(l) Investment Manager.......................... 2
(m) Series...................................... 2
ARTICLE II Purpose of Trust..................................... 2
ARTICLE III Shares
1. Division of Beneficial Interest........................ 3
2. Ownership of Shares.................................... 3
3. Investments in the Trust............................... 4
4. Status of Shares and Limitation of
Personal Liability................................... 4
5. Power of Board of Trustees to Change
Provisions Relating to Shares........................ 4
6. Establishment and Designation of Series................ 5
(a) Assets With Respect to a Particular Series.. 5
(b) Liabilities Held With Respect to a
Particular Series......................... 5
(c) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions,
and Repurchases........................... 6
(d) Voting...................................... 6
(e) Equality.................................... 6
(f) Fractions................................... 7
(g) Exchange Privileges......................... 7
(h) Combination of Series....................... 7
(i) Elimination of Series....................... 7
7. Indemnification of Shareholders...................... 7
<PAGE>
Page
ARTICLE IV The Board of Trustees
1. Number, Election and Tenure.......................... 7
2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc.
of a Trustee....................................... 8
3. Powers............................................... 8
4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust..................... 11
5. Payment of Expenses by Shareholders.................. 12
6. Ownership of Assets of the Trust..................... 12
7. Service Contracts.................................... 12
ARTICLE V Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
1. Voting Powers........................................ 14
2. Voting Power and Meetings............................ 14
3. Quorum and Required Vote............................. 15
4. Action by Written Consent............................ 15
5. Record Dates......................................... 15
6. Additional Provisions................................ 16
ARTICLE VI Net Asset Value, Distributions,
and Redemptions
1. Determination of Net Asset Value, Net
Income and Distributions........................... 16
2. Redemptions and Repurchases.......................... 16
3. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust............... 17
ARTICLE VII Compensation and Limitation of
Liability of Trustees
1. Compensation......................................... 17
2. Indemnification and Limitation of Liability.......... 17
3. Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert
Advice, No Bond or Surety.......................... 18
4. Insurance............................................ 18
ARTICLE VIII Miscellaneous
1. Liability of Third Persons Dealing
with Trustees...................................... 18
2. Termination of Trust or Series....................... 18
3. Merger and Consolidation............................. 19
4. Amendments........................................... 19
5. Filing of Copies, References, Headings............... 19
6. Applicable Law....................................... 20
7. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations....... 20
8. Business Trust Only.................................. 20
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
OF
Advisors Series Trust
WHEREAS, THIS AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST is made and
entered into as of the date set forth below by the Trustees named hereunder for
the purpose of forming a Delaware business trust in accordance with the
provisions hereinafter set forth.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby direct that a Certificate
of Trust be filed with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware and do hereby declare that the Trustees will hold IN TRUST all cash,
securities and other assets which the Trust now possesses or may hereafter
acquire from time to time in any manner and manage and dispose of the same upon
the following terms and conditions for the pro rata benefit of the holders of
Shares in this Trust.
ARTICLE I
Name and Definitions
Section 1. Name. This Trust shall be known as Advisors Series
Trust and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name
or any other name as they may from time to time determine.
Section 2. Definitions. Whenever used herein, unless
otherwise required by the context or specifically provided:
(a) The "Trust" refers to the Delaware business trust
established by this Agreement and Declaration of Trust,
as amended from time to time;
(b) The "Trust Property" means any and all property, real
or personal, tangible or intangible, which is owned
or held by or for the account of the Trust;
(c) "Trustees" refers to the persons who have signed this
Agreement and Declaration of Trust, so long as they continue in office in
accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who may from time to
time be duly elected or appointed to serve on the Board of Trustees in
accordance with the provisions hereof, and reference herein to a Trustee or the
Trustees shall refer to such person or persons in their capacity as trustees
hereunder;
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(d) "Shares" means the shares of beneficial interest into
which the beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided from time to time
and includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares;
(e) "Shareholder" means a record owner of outstanding
Shares;
(f) "Person" means and includes individuals, corporations,
partnerships, trusts, associations, joint ventures, estates and other entities,
whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political
subdivisions thereof, whether domestic or foreign;
(g) The "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act
of 1940 and the Rules and Regulations thereunder, all
as amended from time to time;
(h) The terms "Commission" and "Principal Underwriter"
shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act;
(i) "Declaration of Trust" shall mean this Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, as amended or restated from time
to time;
(j) "By-Laws" shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as
amended from time to time and incorporated herein by
reference;
(k) The term "Interested Person" has the meaning given it
in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act;
(l) "Investment Manager" or "Manager" means a party
furnishing services to the Trust pursuant to any contract
described in Article IV, Section 7(a) hereof;
(m) "Series" refers to each Series of Shares established and
designated under or in accordance with the provisions of Article III.
ARTICLE II
Purpose of Trust
The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on
the business of a management investment company registered under the 1940 Act
through one or more Series investing primarily in securities.
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ARTICLE III
Shares
Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest. The beneficial
interest in the Trust shall at all times be divided into an unlimited number of
Shares, with a par value of $ .01 per Share. The Trustees may authorize the
division of Shares into separate Series and the division of Series into separate
classes of Shares. The different Series shall be established and designated, and
the variations in the relative rights and preferences as between the different
Series shall be fixed and determined, by the Trustees. If only one or no Series
(or classes) shall be established, the Shares shall have the rights and
preferences provided for herein and in Article III, Section 6 hereof to the
extent relevant and not otherwise provided for herein, and all references to
Series (and classes) shall be construed (as the context may require) to refer to
the Trust.
Subject to the provisions of Section 6 of this Article III,
each Share shall have voting rights as provided in Article V hereof, and holders
of the Shares of any Series shall be entitled to receive dividends, when, if and
as declared with respect thereto in the manner provided in Article VI, Section 1
hereof. No Shares shall have any priority or preference over any other Share of
the same Series with respect to dividends or distributions upon termination of
the Trust or of such Series made pursuant to Article VIII, Section 4 hereof. All
dividends and distributions shall be made ratably among all Shareholders of a
particular (class of a) particular Series from the assets held with respect to
such Series according to the number of Shares of such (class of such) Series
held of record by such Shareholder on the record date for any dividend or
distribution or on the date of termination, as the case may be. Shareholders
shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or
other securities issued by the Trust or any Series. The Trustees may from time
to time divide or combine the Shares of any particular Series into a greater or
lesser number of Shares of that Series without thereby materially changing the
proportionate beneficial interest of the Shares of that Series in the assets
held with respect to that Series or materially affecting the rights of Shares of
any other Series.
Section 2. Ownership of Shares. The ownership of Shares shall
be recorded on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the
Trust, which books shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series
(or class). No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued
except as the Board of Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The
Trustees may make such rules as they consider appropriate for the transfer of
Shares of each Series (or class) and similar matters. The record books of the
Trust as kept by the Trust or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be,
shall
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be conclusive as to who are the Shareholders of each Series (or class) and as to
the number of Shares of each Series (or class) held from time to time by each.
Section 3. Investments in the Trust. Investments may be
accepted by the Trust from such Persons, at such times, on such terms, and for
such consideration as the Trustees from time to time may authorize.
Section 4. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal
Liability. Shares shall be deemed to be personal property giving only the rights
provided in this instrument. Every Shareholder by virtue of having become a
Shareholder shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms
hereof and to have become a party hereto. The death of a Shareholder during the
existence of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust, nor entitle the
representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any
action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but entitles
such representative only to the rights of said deceased Shareholder under this
Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not entitle the Shareholder to any title in or
to the whole or any part of the Trust Property or right to call for a partition
or division of the same or for an accounting, nor shall the ownership of Shares
constitute the Shareholders as partners. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor
any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any power to bind
personally any Shareholders, nor, except as specifically provided herein, to
call upon any Shareholder for the payment of any sum of money or assessment
whatsoever other than such as the Shareholder may at any time personally agree
to pay.
Section 5. Power of Board of Trustees to Change Provisions
Relating to Shares. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration of
Trust and without limiting the power of the Board of Trustees to amend the
Declaration of Trust as provided elsewhere herein, the Board of Trustees shall
have the power to amend this Declaration of Trust, at any time and from time to
time, in such manner as the Board of Trustees may determine in their sole
discretion, without the need for Shareholder action, so as to add to, delete,
replace or otherwise modify any provisions relating to the Shares contained in
this Declaration of Trust, provided that before adopting any such amendment
without Shareholder approval the Board of Trustees shall determine that it is
consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all Shareholders or that
Shareholder approval is not otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other
applicable law. If Shares have been issued, Shareholder approval shall be
required to adopt any amendments to this Declaration of Trust which would
adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the Shares
of any Series (or class) or to increase or decrease the par value of the Shares
of any Series (or class).
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Subject to the foregoing Paragraph, the Board of Trustees may
amend the Declaration of Trust to amend any of the provisions set forth in
paragraphs (a) through (i) of Section 6 of this Article III.
Section 6. Establishment and Designation of Series. The
establishment and designation of any Series (or class) of Shares shall be
effective upon the resolution by a majority of the then Trustees, adopting a
resolution which sets forth such establishment and designation and the relative
rights and preferences of such Series (or class). Each such resolution shall be
incorporated herein by reference upon adoption.
Shares of each Series (or class) established pursuant to this
Section 6, unless otherwise provided in the resolution establishing such Series,
shall have the following relative rights and preferences:
(a) Assets Held With Respect to a Particular Series. All
consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a
particular Series, together with all assets in which such consideration is
invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof from
whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any proceeds derived
from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments
derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be,
shall irrevocably be held with respect to that Series for all purposes, subject
only to the rights of creditors, and shall be so recorded upon the books of
account of the Trust. Such consideration, assets, income, earnings, profits and
proceeds thereof, from whatever source derived, including, without limitation,
any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and
any funds or payments derived from any reinvestment of such proceeds, in
whatever form the same may be, are herein referred to as "assets held with
respect to" that Series. In the event that there are any assets, income,
earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, funds or payments which are not readily
identifiable as assets held with respect to any particular Series (collectively
"General Assets"), the Trustees shall allocate such General Assets to, between
or among any one or more of the Series in such manner and on such basis as the
Trustees, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable, and any General
Asset so allocated to a particular Series shall be held with respect to that
Series. Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding
upon the Shareholders of all Series for all purposes.
(b) Liabilities Held With Respect to a Particular Series. The
assets of the Trust held with respect to each particular Series shall be charged
against the liabilities of the Trust held with respect to that Series and all
expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that Series, and any
general liabilities of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as
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being held with respect to any particular Series shall be allocated and charged
by the Trustees to and among any one or more of the Series in such manner and on
such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and equitable. The
liabilities, expenses, costs, charges, and reserves so charged to a Series are
herein referred to as "liabilities held with respect to" that Series. Each
allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves by the Trustees
shall be conclusive and binding upon the holders of all Series for all purposes.
All Persons who have extended credit which has been allocated to a particular
Series, or who have a claim or contract which has been allocated to any
particular Series, shall look to the assets of that particular Series for
payment of such credit, claim, or contract.
(c) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and Repurchases.
Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Declaration of Trust, including,
without limitation, Article VI, no dividend or distribution including, without
limitation, any distribution paid upon termination of the Trust or of any Series
(or class) with respect to, nor any redemption or repurchase of, the Shares of
any Series (or class) shall be effected by the Trust other than from the assets
held with respect to such Series, nor, except as specifically provided in
Section 7 of this Article III, shall any Shareholder of any particular Series
otherwise have any right or claim against the assets held with respect to any
other Series except to the extent that such Shareholder has such a right or
claim hereunder as a Shareholder of such other Series. The Trustees shall have
full discretion, to the extent not inconsistent with the 1940 Act, to determine
which items shall be treated as income and which items as capital; and each such
determination and allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the
Shareholders.
(d) Voting. All Shares of the Trust entitled to vote on a
matter shall vote separately by Series (and, if applicable, by class): that is,
the Shareholders of each Series (or class) shall have the right to approve or
disapprove matters affecting the Trust and each respective Series (or class) as
if the Series (or classes) were separate companies. There are, however, two
exceptions to voting by separate Series (or classes). First, if the 1940 Act
requires all Shares of the Trust to be voted in the aggregate without
differentiation between the separate Series (or classes), then all the Trust's
Shares shall be entitled to vote on a one-vote-per-Share basis. Second, if any
matter affects only the interests of some but not all Series (or classes), then
only the Shareholders of such affected Series (or classes) shall be entitled to
vote on the matter.
(e) Equality. All the Shares of each particular Series shall
represent an equal proportionate interest in the assets held with respect to
that Series (subject to the liabilities held with respect to that Series and
such rights and preferences as may have been established and designated with
respect to classes of Shares
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within such Series), and each Share of any particular Series shall be equal to
each other Share of that Series.
(f) Fractions. Any fractional Share of a Series shall carry
proportionately all the rights and obligations of a whole share of that Series,
including rights with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and distributions,
redemption of Shares and termination of the Trust.
(g) Exchange Privilege. The Trustees shall have the authority
to provide that the holders of Shares of any Series shall have the right to
exchange said Shares for Shares of one or more other Series of Shares in
accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the
Trustees.
(h) Combination of Series. The Trustees shall have the
authority, without the approval of the Shareholders of any Series unless
otherwise required by applicable law, to combine the assets and liabilities held
with respect to any two or more Series into assets and liabilities held with
respect to a single Series.
(i) Elimination of Series. At any time that there are no
Shares outstanding of any particular Series (or class) previously established
and designated, the Trustees may by resolution of a majority of the then
Trustees abolish that Series (or class) and rescind the establishment and
designation thereof.
Section 7. Indemnification of Shareholders. If any Shareholder
or former Shareholder shall be exposed to liability by reason of a claim or
demand relating to his being or having been a Shareholder, and not because of
his acts or omissions, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or his heirs,
executors, administrators, or other legal representatives or in the case of a
corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be
entitled to be held harmless from and indemnified out of the assets of the Trust
against all loss and expense arising from such claim or demand.
ARTICLE IV
The Board of Trustees
Section 1. Number, Election and Tenure. The number of Trustees
constituting the Board of Trustees shall be fixed from time to time by a written
instrument signed, or by resolution approved at a duly constituted meeting, by a
majority of the Board of Trustees, provided, however, that the number of
Trustees shall in no event be less than one (1) nor more than fifteen (15). The
Board of Trustees, by action of a majority of the then Trustees at a duly
constituted meeting, may fill vacancies in the Board of Trustees or remove
Trustees with or without cause. Each Trustee
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shall serve during the continued lifetime of the Trust until he dies, resigns,
is declared bankrupt or incompetent by a court of appropriate jurisdiction, or
is removed, or, if sooner, until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the
purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his
successor. Any Trustee may resign at any time by written instrument signed by
him and delivered to any officer of the Trust or to a meeting of the Trustees.
Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be
effective at some other time. Except to the extent expressly provided in a
written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning and no Trustee removed
shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his
resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal. The
Shareholders may fix the number of Trustees and elect Trustees at any meeting of
Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose. Any Trustee may be removed
at any meeting of Shareholders by a vote of two-thirds of the outstanding Shares
of the Trust. A meeting of Shareholders for the purpose of electing or removing
one or more Trustees may be called (i) by the Trustees upon their own vote, or
(ii) upon the demand of Shareholders owning 10% or more of the Shares of the
Trust in the aggregate.
Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee.
The death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of one
or more Trustees, or all of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or to
revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of
Trust. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, until such
vacancy is filled as provided in Article IV, Section 1, the Trustees in office,
regardless of their number, shall have all the powers granted to the Trustees
and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration
of Trust. As conclusive evidence of such vacancy, a written instrument
certifying the existence of such vacancy may be executed by an officer of the
Trust or by a majority of the Board of Trustees. In the event of the death,
declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of all the then
Trustees within a short period of time and without the opportunity for at least
one Trustee being able to appoint additional Trustees to fill vacancies, the
Trust's Investment Manager(s) are empowered to appoint new Trustees subject to
the provisions of Section 16(a) of the 1940 Act.
Section 3. Powers. Subject to the provisions of this
Declaration of Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Board of
Trustees, and such Board shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry
out that responsibility including the power to engage in securities transactions
of all kinds on behalf of the Trust. Without limiting the foregoing, the
Trustees may: adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with this Declaration of Trust
providing for the regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust and may
amend and repeal them to the extent that such By-Laws do not reserve that right
to the Shareholders; fill vacancies in or
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remove from their number, and may elect and remove such officers and appoint and
terminate such agents as they consider appropriate; appoint from their own
number and establish and terminate one or more committees consisting of two or
more Trustees which may exercise the powers and authority of the Board of
Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine; employ one or more
custodians of the assets of the Trust and may authorize such custodians to
employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system
or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve
Bank, retain a transfer agent or a Shareholder servicing agent, or both; provide
for the issuance and distribution of Shares by the Trust directly or through one
or more Principal Underwriters or otherwise; redeem, repurchase and transfer
Shares pursuant to applicable law; set record dates for the determination of
Shareholders with respect to various matters; declare and pay dividends and
distributions to Shareholders of each Series from the assets of such Series; and
in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of
the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the
Trust or to any such custodian, transfer or Shareholder servicing agent, or
Principal Underwriter. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the
Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the
provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the presumption shall be in favor of a
grant of power to the Trustees. Unless otherwise specified or required by law,
any action by the Board of Trustees shall be deemed effective if approved or
taken by a majority of the Trustees then in office.
Without limiting the foregoing, the Trust shall have power and
authority:
(a) To invest and reinvest cash, to hold cash uninvested, and
to subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, own,
hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute, write options on,
lend or otherwise deal in or dispose of contracts for the future acquisition or
delivery of fixed income or other securities, and securities of every nature and
kind, including, without limitation, all types of bonds, debentures, stocks,
negotiable or non-negotiable instruments, obligations, evidences of
indebtedness, certificates of deposit or indebtedness, commercial paper,
repurchase agreements, bankers' acceptances, and other securities of any kind,
issued, created, guaranteed, or sponsored by any and all Persons, including,
without limitation, states, territories, and possessions of the United States
and the District of Columbia and any political subdivision, agency, or
instrumentality thereof, any foreign government or any political subdivision of
the U.S. Government or any foreign government, or any international
instrumentality, or by any bank or savings institution, or by any corporation or
organization organized under the laws of the United States or of any state,
territory, or possession thereof, or by any corporation or
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organization organized under any foreign law, or in "when issued" contracts for
any such securities, to change the investments of the assets of the Trust; and
to exercise any and all rights, powers, and privileges of ownership or interest
in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description,
including, without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with
respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons, to exercise any of
said rights, powers, and privileges in respect of any of said instruments;
(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate,
lease, or write options with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights
relating to any or all of the assets of the Trust or any Series;
(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of
ownership, with respect to stock or other securities or property, and to execute
and deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such person or persons as the
Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such person or persons such power and
discretion with relation to securities or property as the Trustees shall deem
proper;
(d) To exercise powers and right of subscription or
otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities;
(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating
any trust, whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in its
own name or in the name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or nominees
or otherwise;
(f) To consent to or participate in any plan for the
reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any
security which is held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease,
mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay
calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust;
(g) To join with other security holders in acting through a
committee, depositary, voting trustee or otherwise, and in that connection to
deposit any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee,
depositary or trustee, and to delegate to them such power and authority with
relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the
Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the
expenses and compensation of such committee, depositary or trustee as the
Trustees shall deem proper;
(h) To compromise, arbitrate or otherwise adjust claims
in favor of or against the Trust or any matter in
controversy, including but not limited to claims for taxes;
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(i) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited
partnerships and any other combination or associations;
(j) To borrow funds or other property in the name of the
Trust exclusively for Trust purposes;
(k) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other
obligations of any Person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or
otherwise assume liability for payment thereof;
(l) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust Property
such insurance as the Trustees may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct
of the business, including, without limitation, insurance policies insuring the
assets of the Trust or payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio
investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees,
officers, employees, agents, investment advisers, principal underwriters, or
independent contractors of the Trust, individually against all claims and
liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding Shares, holding, being
or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any action alleged
to have been taken or omitted by any such Person as Trustee, officer, employee,
agent, investment adviser, principal underwriter, or independent contractor,
including any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute
negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such
Person against liability; and
(m) to adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing,
share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and
benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance
and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other
benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the
Trust.
The Trust shall not be limited to investing in obligations
maturing before the possible termination of the Trust or one or more of its
Series. The Trust shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or
future law or custom in regard to investment by fiduciaries. The Trust shall not
be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust or
take any other action hereunder.
Section 4. Payment of Expenses by the Trust. The Trustees are
authorized to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the
Trust, or partly out of the principal and partly out of income, as they deem
fair, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in
connection with the Trust, or in connection with the management thereof,
including, but not limited to, the Trustees' compensation and such expenses and
charges for the services of the Trust's officers, employees, investment adviser
or manager, principal underwriter,
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auditors, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, Shareholder servicing agent, and
such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges
as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.
Section 5. Payment of Expenses by Shareholders. The Trustees
shall have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each
Shareholder, or each Shareholder of any particular Series, to pay directly, in
advance or arrears, for charges of the Trust's custodian or transfer,
Shareholder servicing or similar agent, an amount fixed from time to time by the
Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared
but unpaid dividends owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of
shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or
fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due
from such Shareholder.
Section 6. Ownership of Assets of the Trust. Title to all of
the assets of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trust,
except that the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any Trust
Property to be held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the
name of the Trust, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, on such terms
as the Trustees may determine. The right, title and interest of the Trustees in
the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each Person who may hereafter
become a Trustee. Upon the resignation, removal or death of a Trustee he shall
automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust
Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust
Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and
cessation of title shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have
been executed and delivered.
Section 7. Service Contracts.
(a) Subject to such requirements and restrictions as may be
set forth in the By-Laws, the Trustees may, at any time and from time to time,
contract for exclusive or nonexclusive advisory, management and/or
administrative services for the Trust or for any Series with any corporation,
trust, association or other organization; and any such contract may contain such
other terms as the Trustees may determine, including without limitation,
authority for the Investment Manager or administrator to determine from time to
time without prior consultation with the Trustees what investments shall be
purchased, held, sold or exchanged and what portion, if any, of the assets of
the Trust shall be held uninvested and to make changes in the Trust's
investments, or such other activities as may specifically be delegated to such
party.
(b) The Trustees may also, at any time and from time to time,
contract with any corporation, trust, association or other organization,
appointing it exclusive or nonexclusive distributor
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or Principal Underwriter for the Shares of one or more of the Series (or
classes) or other securities to be issued by the Trust. Every such contract
shall comply with such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the
By-Laws; and any such contract may contain such other terms as the Trustees may
determine.
(c) The Trustees are also empowered, at any time and from time
to time, to contract with any corporations, trusts, associations or other
organizations, appointing it or them the custodian, transfer agent and/or
Shareholder servicing agent for the Trust or one or more of its Series. Every
such contract shall comply with such requirements and restrictions as may be set
forth in the By-Laws or stipulated by resolution of the Trustees.
(d) The Trustees are further empowered, at any time and from
time to time, to contract with any entity to provide such other services to the
Trust or one or more of the Series, as the Trustees determine to be in the best
interests of the Trust and the applicable Series.
(e) The fact that:
(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees, or officers of
the Trust is a shareholder, director, officer, partner,
trustee, employee, Manager, adviser, Principal Underwriter,
distributor, or affiliate or agent of or for any corporation,
trust, association, or other organization, or for any parent
or affiliate of any organization with which an advisory,
management or administration contract, or principal
underwriter's or distributor's contract, or transfer,
Shareholder servicing or other type of service contract may
have been or may hereafter be made, or that any such
organization, or any parent or affiliate thereof, is a
Shareholder or has an interest in the Trust, or that
(ii) any corporation, trust, association or other
organization with which an advisory, management or
administration contract or principal underwriter's or
distributor's contract, or transfer, Shareholder servicing or
other type of service contract may have been or may hereafter
be made also has an advisory, management or administration
contract, or principal underwriter's or distributor's
contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other service
contract with one or more other corporations, trust,
associations, or other organizations, or has other business or
interests,
shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any
Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the
same, or create any liability or accountability to
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the Trust or its Shareholders, provided approval of each such contract is made
pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act.
ARTICLE V
Shareholders' Voting Powers and Meetings
Section 1. Voting Powers. Subject to the provisions of Article
III, Section 6(d), the Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for the
election or removal of Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1, and (ii)
with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required
by this Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws or any registration of the Trust with
the Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may
consider necessary or desirable. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote
as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall
be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote. There shall be no cumulative
voting in the election of Trustees. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy. A
proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be
valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy
the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of
them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall
be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of
proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger.
Section 2. Voting Power and Meetings. Meetings of the
Shareholders may be called by the Trustees for the purpose of electing Trustees
as provided in Article IV, Section 1 and for such other purposes as may be
prescribed by law, by this Declaration of Trust or by the By-Laws. Meetings of
the Shareholders may also be called by the Trustees from time to time for the
purpose of taking action upon any other matter deemed by the Trustees to be
necessary or desirable. Meetings of the Shareholders shall be called by any
Trustee upon written request of Shareholders holding, in the aggregate, not less
than 10% of the Shares, such request specifying the purpose or purposes for
which such meeting is to be called. A meeting of Shareholders may be held at any
place designated by the Trustees. Written notice of any meeting of Shareholders
shall be given or caused to be given by the Trustees by mailing such notice at
least seven (7) days before such meeting, postage prepaid, stating the time and
place of the meeting, to each Shareholder at the Shareholder's address as it
appears on the records of the Trust. Whenever notice of a meeting is required to
be given to a Shareholder under this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws, a
written waiver thereof, executed before or after the meeting by such Shareholder
or his attorney thereunto authorized and filed with the records of the meeting,
shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.
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Section 3. Quorum and Required Vote. Except when a larger
quorum is required by applicable law, by the By-Laws or by this Declaration of
Trust, forty percent (40%) of the Shares entitled to vote shall constitute a
quorum at a Shareholders' meeting. When any one or more Series (or classes) is
to vote as a single class separate from any other Shares, forty percent (40%) of
the Shares of each such Series (or classes) entitled to vote shall constitute a
quorum at a Shareholders's meeting of that Series. Any meeting of Shareholders
may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes properly cast upon
the question of adjourning a meeting to another date and time, whether or not a
quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned within a reasonable
time after the date set for the original meeting without further notice. Subject
to the provisions of Article III, Section 6(d), when a quorum is present at any
meeting, a majority of the Shares voted shall decide any questions and a
plurality shall elect a Trustee, except when a larger vote is required by any
provision of this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws or by applicable law.
Section 4. Action by Written Consent. Any action taken by
Shareholders may be taken without a meeting if Shareholders holding a majority
of the Shares entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof
as shall be required by any express provision of this Declaration of Trust or by
the By-Laws) and holding a majority (or such larger proportion as aforesaid) of
the Shares of any Series (or class) entitled to vote separately on the matter
consent to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the
records of the meetings of Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all
purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.
Section 5. Record Dates. For the purpose of determining the
Shareholders of any Series (or class) who are entitled to vote or act at any
meeting or any adjournment thereof, the Trustees may from time to time fix a
time, which shall be not more than ninety (90) days before the date of any
meeting of Shareholders, as the record date for determining the Shareholders of
such Series (or class) having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting
and any adjournment thereof, and in such case only Shareholders of record on
such record date shall have such right, notwithstanding any transfer of shares
on the books of the Trust after the record date. For the purpose of determining
the Shareholders of any Series (or class) who are entitled to receive payment of
any dividend or of any other distribution, the Trustees may from time to time
fix a date, which shall be before the date for the payment of such dividend or
such other payment, as the record date for determining the Shareholders of such
Series (or class) having the right to receive such dividend or distribution.
Without fixing a record date the Trustees may for voting and/or distribution
purposes close the register or transfer books for one or more Series for all or
any part of the period between a record date
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and a meeting of Shareholders or the payment of a distribution. Nothing in this
Section shall be construed as precluding the Trustees from setting different
record dates for different Series (or classes).
Section 6. Additional Provisions. The By-Laws may include
further provisions for Shareholders' votes and meetings and related matters.
ARTICLE VI
Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions
Section 1. Determination of Net Asset Value, Net Income, and
Distributions. Subject to Article III, Section 6 hereof, the Trustees, in their
absolute discretion, may prescribe and shall set forth in the By-Laws or in a
duly adopted vote of the Trustees such bases and time for determining the per
Share or net asset value of the Shares of any Series or net income attributable
to the Shares of any Series, or the declaration and payment of dividends and
distributions on the Shares of any Series, as they may deem necessary or
desirable.
Section 2. Redemptions and Repurchases. The Trust shall
purchase such Shares as are offered by any Shareholder for redemption, upon the
presentation of a proper instrument of transfer together with a request directed
to the Trust or a Person designated by the Trust that the Trust purchase such
Shares or in accordance with such other procedures for redemption as the
Trustees may from time to time authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor the
net asset value thereof, in accordance with the By-Laws and applicable law.
Payment for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within
seven days after the date on which the request is made in proper form. The
obligation set forth in this Section 2 is subject to the provision that in the
event that any time the New York Stock Exchange (the "Exchange") is closed for
other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the Rules of the Commission
during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted or during any
emergency which makes it impracticable for the Trust to dispose of the
investments of the applicable Series or to determine fairly the value of the net
assets held with respect to such Series or during any other period permitted by
order of the Commission for the protection of investors, such obligations may be
suspended or postponed by the Trustees.
The redemption price may in any case or cases be paid wholly
or partly in kind if the Trustees determine that such payment is advisable in
the interest of the remaining Shareholders of the Series for which the Shares
are being redeemed. Subject to the foregoing, the fair value, selection and
quantity of securities or other property so paid or delivered as all or part of
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the redemption price may be determined by or under authority of the Trustees. In
no case shall the Trust be liable for any delay of any corporation or other
Person in transferring securities selected for delivery as all or part of any
payment in kind.
Section 3. Redemptions at the Option of the Trust. The Trust
shall have the right at its option and at any time to redeem Shares of any
Shareholder at the net asset value thereof as described in Section 1 of this
Article VI: (i) if at such time such Shareholder owns Shares of any Series
having an aggregate net asset value of less than an amount determined from time
to time by the Trustees prior to the acquisition of said Shares; or (ii) to the
extent that such Shareholder owns Shares of a particular Series equal to or in
excess of a percentage of the outstanding Shares of that Series determined from
time to time by the Trustees; or (iii) to the extent that such Shareholder owns
Shares equal to or in excess of a percentage, determined from time to time by
the Trustees, of the outstanding Shares of the Trust or of any Series.
ARTICLE VII
Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees
Section 1. Compensation. The Trustees as such shall be
entitled to reasonable compensation from the Trust, and they may fix the amount
of such compensation. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of
any Trustee for advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or
other services and payment for the same by the Trust.
Section 2. Indemnification and Limitation of Liability. The
Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or
wrong-doing of any officer, agent, employee, Manager or Principal Underwriter of
the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any
other Trustee, and the Trust out of its assets shall indemnify and hold harmless
each and every Trustee from and against any and all claims and demands
whatsoever arising out of or related to each Trustee's performance of his duties
as a Trustee of the Trust; provided that nothing herein contained shall
indemnify, hold harmless or protect any Trustee from or against any liability to
the Trust or any Shareholder to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of
willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the
duties involved in the conduct of his office.
Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or
undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever issued, executed or done by
or on behalf of the Trust or the Trustees or any of them in connection with the
Trust shall be conclusively deemed to have been issued, executed or done only in
or with respect to their or his capacity as Trustees or Trustee, and such
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Trustees or Trustee shall not be personally liable thereon.
Section 3. Trustee's Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond
or Surety. The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions
hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. A Trustee shall be liable
to the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for his own willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment
or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees may take advice of counsel or other
experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust,
and shall be under no liability for any act or omission in accordance with such
advice nor for failing to follow such advice. The Trustees shall not be required
to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required.
Section 4. Insurance. The Trustees shall be entitled and
empowered to the fullest extent permitted by law to purchase with Trust assets
insurance for liability and for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or
expected to be paid by a Trustee or officer in connection with any claim,
action, suit or proceeding in which he becomes involved by virtue of his
capacity or former capacity with the Trust.
ARTICLE VIII
Miscellaneous
Section 1. Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees.
No Person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry
concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or
to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the
Trust or upon its order.
Section 2. Termination of Trust or Series. Unless terminated
as provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The
Trust may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Shares of each
Series entitled to vote, voting separately by Series, or by the Trustees by
written notice to the Shareholders. Any Series may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Shares of that Series or by the Trustees by written
notice to the Shareholders of that Series.
Upon termination of the Trust (or any Series, as the case may
be), after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and
liabilities held, severally, with respect to each Series (or the applicable
Series, as the case may be), whether due or accrued or anticipated as may be
determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall, in accordance with such procedures
as the Trustees
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consider appropriate, reduce the remaining assets held, severally, with respect
to each Series (or the applicable Series, as the case may be), to distributable
form in cash or shares or other securities, or any combination thereof, and
distribute the proceeds held with respect to each Series (or the applicable
Series, as the case may be), to the Shareholders of that Series, as a Series,
ratably according to the number of Shares of that Series held by the several
Shareholders on the date of termination.
Section 3. Merger and Consolidation. the Trustees may cause
(i) the Trust or one or more of its Series to the extent consistent with
applicable law to be merged into or consolidated with another Trust or company,
(ii) the Shares of the Trust or any Series to be converted into beneficial
interests in another business trust (or series thereof) created pursuant to this
Section 3 of Article VIII, or (iii) the Shares to be exchanged under or pursuant
to any state or federal statute to the extent permitted by law. Such merger or
consolidation, Share conversion or Share exchange must be authorized by vote of
a majority of the outstanding Shares of the Trust, as a whole, or any affected
Series, as may be applicable; provided that in all respects not governed by
statute or applicable law, the Trustees shall have power to prescribe the
procedure necessary or appropriate to accomplish a sale of assets, merger or
consolidation including the power to create one or more separate business trusts
to which all or any part of the assets, liabilities, profits or losses of the
Trust may be transferred and to provide for the conversion of Shares of the
Trust or any Series into beneficial interests in such separate business trust or
trusts (or series thereof).
Section 4. Amendments. This Declaration of Trust may be
restated and/or amended at any time by an instrument in writing signed by a
majority of the then Trustees and, if required, by approval of such amendment by
Shareholders in accordance with Article V, Section 3 hereof. Any such
restatement and/or amendment hereto shall be effective immediately upon
execution and approval. The Certificate of Trust of the Trust may be restated
and/or amended by a similar procedure, and any such restatement and/or amendment
shall be effective immediately upon filing with the Office of the Secretary of
State of the State of Delaware or upon such future date as may be stated
therein.
Section 5. Filing of Copies, References, Headings. The
original or a copy of this instrument and of each restatement and/or amendment
hereto shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any
Shareholder. Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an
officer of the Trust as to whether or not any such restatements and/or
amendments have been made and as to any matters in connection with the Trust
hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a
copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this instrument or of
any such restatements and/or amendments. In this
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instrument and in any such restatements and/or amendment, references to this
instrument, and all expressions like "herein", "hereof" and "hereunder", shall
be deemed to refer to this instrument as amended or affected by any such
restatements and/or amendments. Headings are placed herein for convenience of
reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or control or affect the
meaning, construction or effect of this instrument. Whenever the singular number
is used herein, the same shall include the plural; and the neuter, masculine and
feminine genders shall include each other, as applicable. This instrument may be
executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed an
original.
Section 6. Applicable Law. This Agreement and Declaration of
Trust is created under and is to be governed by and construed and administered
according to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Delaware Business Trust
Act, as amended from time to time (the "Act"). The Trust shall be a Delaware
business trust pursuant to such Act, and without limiting the provisions hereof,
the Trust may exercise all powers which are ordinarily exercised by such a
business trust.
Section 7. Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations.
(a) The provisions of the Declaration of Trust
are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel,
that any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the regulated
investment company provisions of the Internal Revenue Code or with other
applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never
to have constituted a part of the Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that
such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of the
Declaration of Trust or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted
prior to such determination.
(b) If any provision of the Declaration of Trust
shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or
unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and
shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any
other provision of the Declaration of Trust in any jurisdiction.
Section 8. Business Trust Only. It is the intention of the
Trustees to create a business trust pursuant to the Delaware Business Trust Act,
as amended from time to time (the "Act"), and thereby to create only the
relationship of trustee and beneficial owners within the meaning of such Act
between the Trustees and each Shareholder. It is not the intention of the
Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock
association, corporation, bailment, or any form of legal relationship other than
a business trust pursuant to such Act. Nothing in this Declaration
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of Trust shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or
with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Trustees named below do hereby make
and enter into this Declaration of Trust as of the 3rd day of October, 1996.
/s/
Richard D. Burritt
4455 E. Camelback Rd., Suite 261E
Phoenix, Arizona 85018
/s/
Judith Wood-Swenson
4455 E. Camelback Rd., Suite 261E
Phoenix, Arizona 85018
/s/
Robert H. Wadsworth
4455 E. Camelback Rd., Suite 261E
Phoenix, Arizona 85018
THE PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS OF THE TRUST IS
4455 East Camelback Road, Suite 261 E
Phoenix, Arizona 85018
BY-LAWS
for the regulation, except as
otherwise provided by statute or the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust, of
ADVISORS SERIES TRUST
a Delaware Business Trust
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ARTICLE I Offices
<S> <C> <C>
1. Principal Office.................................................................... 1
2. Delaware Office..................................................................... 1
3. Other Offices....................................................................... 1
ARTICLE II Meetings of Shareholders
1. Place of Meetings................................................................... 1
2. Call of Meeting..................................................................... 1
3. Notice of Shareholders' Meeting..................................................... 1
4. Manner of Giving Notice; Affidavit of Notice........................................ 2
5. Adjourned Meeting; Notice........................................................... 2
6. Voting.............................................................................. 3
7. Waiver of Notice of Consent by Absent
Shareholders........................................................................ 3
8. Shareholder Action by Written Consent Without a
Meeting............................................................................. 3
9. Record Date for Shareholder Notice, Voting and
Giving Consents..................................................................... 4
10. Proxies............................................................................. 4
11. Inspectors of Election.............................................................. 5
ARTICLE III Trustees
1. Powers.............................................................................. 6
2. Number of Trustees.................................................................. 6
3. Vacancies........................................................................... 6
4. Place of Meetings and Meetings by Telephone......................................... 6
5. Regular Meetings.................................................................... 6
6. Special Meetings.................................................................... 7
7. Quorum.............................................................................. 7
8. Waiver of Notice.................................................................... 7
9. Adjournment......................................................................... 7
10. Notice of Adjournment............................................................... 8
11. Action Without a Meeting............................................................ 8
12. Fees and Compensation of Trustees................................................... 8
13. Delegation of Power to Other Trustees............................................... 8
ARTICLE IV Committees
1. Committees of Trustees.............................................................. 8
2. Meetings and Action of Committees................................................... 9
ARTICLE V Officers
1. Officers............................................................................ 9
2. Election of Officers................................................................ 10
3. Subordinate Officers................................................................ 10
4. Removal and Resignation of Officers................................................. 10
5. Vacancies in Offices................................................................ 10
6. Chairman of the Board............................................................... 10
7. President........................................................................... 10
<PAGE>
Page
8. Vice Presidents..................................................................... 11
9. Secretary........................................................................... 11
10. Treasurer........................................................................... 11
ARTICLE VI Indemnification of Trustees, Officers
Employees and Other Agents
1. Agents, Proceedings and Expenses.................................................... 12
2. Actions Other than by Trust......................................................... 12
3. Actions by the Trust................................................................ 13
4. Exclusion and Indemnification....................................................... 13
5. Successful Defense by Agent......................................................... 14
6. Required Approval................................................................... 14
7. Advance of Expenses................................................................. 14
8. Other Contractual Rights............................................................ 14
9. Limitations......................................................................... 15
10. Insurance........................................................................... 15
11. Fiduciaries of Employee Benefit Plan................................................ 15
ARTICLE VII Records and Reports
1. Maintenance and Inspection of Share Register........................................ 15
2. Maintenance and Inspection of By-Laws............................................... 15
3. Maintenance and Inspection of Other Records......................................... 16
4. Inspection by Trustees.............................................................. 16
5. Financial Statements................................................................ 16
ARTICLE VIII General Matters
1. Checks, Drafts, Evidence of Indebtedness............................................ 16
2. Contracts and Instruments; How Executed............................................. 17
3. Certificate for Shares.............................................................. 17
4. Lost Certificates................................................................... 17
5. Representation of Shares of Other Entities
Held by Trust....................................................................... 17
6. Fiscal Year......................................................................... 18
ARTICLE IX Amendments
1. Amendment by Shareholders........................................................... 18
2. Amendment by Trustees............................................................... 18
3. Incorporation by Reference into Agreement and
Declaration of Trust of the Trust................................................... 18
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
BY-LAWS
OF
Advisors Series Trust
A Delaware Business Trust
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. PRINCIPAL OFFICE. The Board of Trustees shall fix and, from
time to time, may change the location of the principal executive office of the
Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust") at any place within or outside the State of
Delaware.
Section 2. DELAWARE OFFICE. The Board of Trustees shall establish a
registered office in the State of Delaware and shall appoint as the Trust's
registered agent for service of process in the State of Delaware an individual
resident of the State of Delaware or a Delaware corporation or a corporation
authorized to transact business in the State of Delaware; in each case the
business office of such registered agent for service of process shall be
identical with the registered Delaware office of the Trust.
Section 3. OTHER OFFICES. The Board of Trustees may at any time
establish branch or subordinate offices at any place or places where the Trust
intends to do business.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1. PLACE OF MEETINGS. Meetings of shareholders shall be held
at any place designated by the Board of Trustees. In the absence of any such
designation, shareholders' meetings shall be held at the principal executive
office of the Trust.
Section 2. CALL OF MEETING. A meeting of the shareholders may be
called at any time by the Board of Trustees or by the Chairman of the Board or
by the President.
Section 3. NOTICE OF SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING. All notices of meetings of
shareholders shall be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 4 of
this Article II not less than seven (7) nor more than seventy-five (75) days
before the date of the meeting. The notice shall specify (i) the place, date and
hour of the meeting, and (ii) the general nature of the business to be
transacted. The notice of any meeting at which Trustees are to be elected also
shall include the name of any nominee or nominees whom at the time of the notice
are intended to be presented for election.
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If action is proposed to be taken at any meeting for approval of (i) a
contract or transaction in which a Trustee has a direct or indirect financial
interest, (ii) an amendment of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the
Trust, (iii) a reorganization of the Trust, or (iv) a voluntary dissolution of
the Trust, the notice shall also state the general nature of that proposal.
Section 4. MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE. Notice of any
meeting of shareholders shall be given either personally or by first-class mail
or telegraphic or other written communication, charges prepaid, addressed to the
shareholder at the address of that shareholder appearing on the books of the
Trust or its transfer agent or given by the shareholder to the Trust for the
purpose of notice. If no such address appears on the Trust's books or is given,
notice shall be deemed to have been given if sent to that shareholder by
first-class mail or telegraphic or other written communication to the Trust's
principal executive office, or if published at least once in a newspaper of
general circulation in the county where that office is located. Notice shall be
deemed to have been given at the time when delivered personally or deposited in
the mail or sent by telegram or other means of written communication.
If any notice addressed to a shareholder at the address of that
shareholder appearing on the books of the Trust is returned to the Trust by the
United States Postal Service marked to indicate that the Postal Service is
unable to deliver the notice to the shareholder at that address, all future
notices or reports shall be deemed to have been duly given without further
mailing if these shall be available to the shareholder on written demand of the
shareholder at the principal executive office of the Trust for a period of one
year from the date of the giving of the notice.
An affidavit of the mailing or other means of giving any notice of any
shareholder's meeting shall be executed by the Secretary, Assistant Secretary or
any transfer agent of the Trust giving the notice and shall be filed and
maintained in the minute book of the Trust.
Section 5. ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE. Any shareholder's meeting,
whether or not a quorum is present, may be adjourned from time to time by the
vote of the majority of the shares represented at that meeting, either in person
or by proxy.
When any meeting of shareholders is adjourned to another time or place,
notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting at which the adjournment is
taken, unless a new record date of the adjourned meeting is fixed or unless the
adjournment is for more than sixty (60) days from the date set for the original
meeting, in which case the Board of Trustees shall set a new record date. Notice
of any such adjourned meeting shall be given to each shareholder of record
entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting in
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accordance with the provisions of Sections 3 and 4 of this Article II. At any
adjourned meeting, the Trust may transact any business which might have been
transacted at the original meeting.
Section 6. VOTING. The shareholders entitled to vote at any meeting of
shareholders shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust, as in effect at such time. The
shareholders' vote may be by voice vote or by ballot, provided, however, that
any election for Trustees must be by ballot if demanded by any shareholder
before the voting has begun. On any matter other than elections of Trustees, any
shareholder may vote part of the shares in favor of the proposal and refrain
from voting the remaining shares or vote them against the proposal, but if the
shareholder fails to specify the number of shares which the shareholder is
voting affirmatively, it will be conclusively presumed that the shareholder's
approving vote is with respect to the total shares that the shareholder is
entitled to vote on such proposal.
Section 7. WAIVER OF NOTICE BY CONSENT OF ABSENT SHAREHOLDERS. The
transactions of the meeting of shareholders, however called and noticed and
wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after
regular call and notice if a quorum be present either in person or by proxy and
if either before or after the meeting, each person entitled to vote who was not
present in person or by proxy signs a written waiver of notice or a consent to a
holding of the meeting or an approval of the minutes. The waiver of notice or
consent need not specify either the business to be transacted or the purpose of
any meeting of shareholders.
Attendance by a person at a meeting shall also constitute a waiver of
notice of that meeting, except when the person objects at the beginning of the
meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened and except that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of
any right to object to the consideration of matters not included in the notice
of the meeting if that objection is expressly made at the beginning of the
meeting.
Section 8. SHAREHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING. Any
action which may be taken at any meeting of shareholders may be taken without a
meeting and without prior notice if a consent in writing setting forth the
action so taken is signed by the holders of outstanding shares having not less
than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take
that action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote on that action
were present and voted. All such consents shall be filed with the Secretary of
the Trust and shall be maintained in the Trust's records. Any shareholder giving
a written consent or the shareholder's proxy holders or a transferee of the
shares or a personal representative of the shareholder or their respective
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proxy holders may revoke the consent by a writing received by the Secretary of
the Trust before written consents of the number of shares required to authorize
the proposed action have been filed with the Secretary.
If the consents of all shareholders entitled to vote have not been
solicited in writing and if the unanimous written consent of all such
shareholders shall not have been received, the Secretary shall give prompt
notice of the action approved by the shareholders without a meeting. This notice
shall be given in the manner specified in Section 4 of this Article II. In the
case of approval of (i) contracts or transactions in which a Trustee has a
direct or indirect financial interest, (ii) indemnification of agents of the
Trust, and (iii) a reorganization of the Trust, the notice shall be given at
least ten (10) days before the consummation of any action authorized by that
approval.
Section 9. RECORD DATE FOR SHAREHOLDER NOTICE, VOTING AND GIVING
CONSENTS. For purposes of determining the shareholders entitled to notice of any
meeting or to vote or entitled to give consent to action without a meeting, the
Board of Trustees may fix in advance a record date which shall not be more than
ninety (90) days nor less than seven (7) days before the date of any such
meeting as provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust.
If the Board of Trustees does not so fix a record date:
(a) The record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of
or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of
business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is
given or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the business
day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.
(b) The record date for determining shareholders entitled to give
consent to action in writing without a meeting, (i) when no prior
action by the Board of Trustees has been taken, shall be the day on
which the first written consent is given, or (ii) when prior action of
the Board of Trustees has been taken, shall be at the close of business
on the day on which the Board of Trustees adopt the resolution relating
to that action or the seventy-fifth day before the date of such other
action, whichever is later.
Section 10. PROXIES. Every person entitled to vote for Trustees or on
any other matter shall have the right to do so either in person or by one or
more agents authorized by a written proxy signed by the person and filed with
the Secretary of the Trust. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the shareholder's
name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature, typewriting,
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telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the shareholder or the shareholder's
attorney-in-fact. A validly executed proxy which does not state that it is
irrevocable shall continue in full force and effect unless (i) revoked by the
person executing it before the vote pursuant to that proxy by a writing
delivered to the Trust stating that the proxy is revoked or by a subsequent
proxy executed by, or attendance at the meeting and voting in person by, the
person executing that proxy; or (ii) written notice of the death or incapacity
of the maker of that proxy is received by the Trust before the vote pursuant to
that proxy is counted; provided however, that no proxy shall be valid after the
expiration of eleven (11) months from the date of the proxy unless otherwise
provided in the proxy.
Section 11. INSPECTORS OF ELECTION. Before any meeting of shareholders,
the Board of Trustees may appoint any persons other than nominees for office to
act as inspectors of election at the meeting or its adjournment. If no
inspectors of election are so appointed, the chairman of the meeting may and on
the request of any shareholder or a shareholder's proxy shall, appoint
inspectors of election at the meeting. The number of inspectors shall be either
one (1) or three (3). If inspectors are appointed at a meeting on the request of
one or more shareholders or proxies, the holders of a majority of shares or
their proxies present at the meeting shall determine whether one (1) or three
(3) inspectors are to be appointed. If any person appointed as inspector fails
to appear or fails or refuses to act, the Chairman of the meeting may and on the
request of any shareholder or a shareholder's proxy, shall appoint a person to
fill the vacancy.
These inspectors shall:
(a) Determine the number of shares outstanding and the voting
power of each, the shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum
and the authenticity, validity and effect of proxies;
(b) Receive votes, ballots or consents;
(c) Hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way
arising in connection with the right to vote;
(d) Count and tabulate all votes or consents;
(e) Determine when the polls shall close;
(f) Determine the result; and
(g) Do any other acts that may be proper to conduct the election
or vote with fairness to all shareholders.
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ARTICLE III
TRUSTEES
Section 1. POWERS. Subject to the applicable provisions of the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust and these By-Laws relating to
action required to be approved by the shareholders or by the outstanding shares,
the business and affairs of the Trust shall be managed and all powers shall be
exercised by or under the direction of the Board of Trustees.
Section 2. NUMBER OF TRUSTEES. The exact number of Trustees within the
limits specified in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust shall be
fixed from time to time by a written instrument signed or a resolution approved
at a duly constituted meeting by a majority of the Board of Trustees.
Section 3. VACANCIES. Vacancies in the Board of Trustees may be filled
by a majority of the remaining Trustees, though less than a quorum, or by a sole
remaining Trustee, unless the Board of Trustees calls a meeting of shareholders
for the purposes of electing Trustees. In the event that at any time less than a
majority of the Trustees holding office at that time were so elected by the
holders of the outstanding voting securities of the Trust, the Board of Trustees
shall forthwith cause to be held as promptly as possible, and in any event
within sixty (60) days, a meeting of such holders for the purpose of electing
Trustees to fill any existing vacancies in the Board of Trustees, unless such
period is extended by order of the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission. Notwithstanding the above, whenever and for so long as the Trust is
a participant in or otherwise has in effect a Plan under which the Trust may be
deemed to bear expenses of distributing its shares as that practice is described
in Rule 12b-l under the Investment Company Act of 1940, then the selection and
nomination of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust (as that
term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940) shall be, and is,
committed to the discretion of such disinterested Trustees.
Section 4. PLACE OF MEETINGS AND MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE. All meetings of
the Board of Trustees may be held at any place that has been designated from
time to time by resolution of the Board. In the absence of such a designation,
regular meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the Trust.
Any meeting, regular or special, may be held by conference telephone or similar
communication equipment, so long as all Trustees participating in the meeting
can hear one another and all such Trustees shall be deemed to be present in
person at the meeting.
Section 5. REGULAR MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Board of Trustees
shall be held without call at such time as shall from time to time be fixed by
the Board of Trustees. Such regular meetings may be held without notice.
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Section 6. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of
Trustees for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the Chairman
of the Board or the President or any Vice President or the Secretary or any two
(2) Trustees.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered
personally or by telephone to each Trustee or sent by first-class mail or
telegram, charges prepaid, addressed to each Trustee at that Trustee's address
as it is shown on the records of the Trust. In case the notice is mailed, it
shall be deposited in the United States mail at least seven (7) calendar days
before the time of the holding of the meeting. In case the notice is delivered
personally or by telephone or to the telegraph company or by express mail or
similar service, it shall be given at least forty-eight (48) hours before the
time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by
telephone may be communicated either to the Trustee or to a person at the office
of the Trustee who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will
promptly communicate it to the Trustee. The notice need not specify the purpose
of the meeting or the place if the meeting is to be held at the principal
executive office of the Trust.
Section 7. QUORUM. A majority of the authorized number of Trustees
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as
provided in Section 10 of this Article III. Every act or decision done or made
by a majority of the Trustees present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum
is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board of Trustees, subject to the
provisions of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust. A meeting at
which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business
notwithstanding the withdrawal of Trustees if any action taken is approved by a
least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.
Section 8. WAIVER OF NOTICE. Notice of any meeting need not be given to
any Trustee who either before or after the meeting signs a written waiver of
notice, a consent to holding the meeting, or an approval of the minutes. The
waiver of notice or consent need not specify the purpose of the meeting. All
such waivers, consents, and approvals shall be filed with the records of the
Trust or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Notice of a meeting shall
also be deemed given to any Trustee who attends the meeting without protesting
before or at its commencement the lack of notice to that Trustee.
Section 9. ADJOURNMENT. A majority of the Trustees present, whether
or not constituting a quorum, may adjourn any meeting to another time and place.
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Section 10. NOTICE OF ADJOURNMENT. Notice of the time and place of
holding an adjourned meeting need not be given unless the meeting is adjourned
for more than forty-eight (48) hours, in which case notice of the time and place
shall be given before the time of the adjourned meeting in the manner specified
in Section 7 of this Article III to the Trustees who were present at the time of
the adjournment.
Section 11. ACTION WITHOUT A MEETING. Any action required or permitted
to be taken by the Board of Trustees may be taken without a meeting if a
majority of the members of the Board of Trustees shall individually or
collectively consent in writing to that action. Such action by written consent
shall have the same force and effect as a majority vote of the Board of
Trustees. Such written consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of
the proceedings of the Board of Trustees.
Section 12. FEES AND COMPENSATION OF TRUSTEES. Trustees and members of
committees may receive such compensation, if any, for their services and such
reimbursement of expenses as may be fixed or determined by resolution of the
Board of Trustees. This Section 12 shall not be construed to preclude any
Trustee from serving the Trust in any other capacity as an officer, agent,
employee, or otherwise and receiving compensation for those services.
Section 13. DELEGATION OF POWER TO OTHER TRUSTEES. Any Trustee may, by
power of attorney, delegate his power for a period not exceeding six (6) months
at any one time to any other Trustee or Trustees; provided that in no case shall
fewer than two (2) Trustees personally exercise the powers granted to the
Trustees under this Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust except as
otherwise expressly provided herein or by resolution of the Board of Trustees.
Except where applicable law may require a Trustee to be present in person, a
Trustee represented by another Trustee pursuant to such power of attorney shall
be deemed to be present for purposes of establishing a quorum and satisfying the
required majority vote.
ARTICLE IV
COMMITTEES
Section 1. COMMITTEES OF TRUSTEES. The Board of Trustees may by
resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number of Trustees designate
one or more committees, each consisting of two (2) or more Trustees, to serve at
the pleasure of the Board. The Board may designate one or more Trustees as
alternate members of any committee who may replace any absent member at any
meeting of the committee. Any committee to the extent provided in the resolution
of the Board, shall have the authority of the Board, except with respect to:
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(a) the approval of any action which under applicable law also requires
shareholders' approval or approval of the outstanding shares, or
requires approval by a majority of the entire Board or certain members
of said Board;
(b) the filling of vacancies on the Board of Trustees or in any
committee;
(c) the fixing of compensation of the Trustees for serving on the
Board of Trustees or on any committee;
(d) the amendment or repeal of the Agreement and Declaration of
Trust of the Trust or of the By-Laws or the adoption of
new By-Laws;
(e) the amendment or repeal of any resolution of the Board of
Trustees which by its express terms is not so amendable or
repealable;
(f) a distribution to the shareholders of the Trust, except at a
rate or in a periodic amount or within a designated
range determined by the Board of Trustees; or
(g) the appointment of any other committees of the Board of
Trustees or the members of these committees.
Section 2. MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES. Meetings and action of
committees shall be governed by and held and taken in accordance with the
provisions of Article III of these By-Laws, with such changes in the context
thereof as are necessary to substitute the committee and its members for the
Board of Trustees and its members, except that the time of regular meetings of
committees may be determined either by resolution of the Board of Trustees or by
resolution of the committee. Special meetings of committees may also be called
by resolution of the Board of Trustees. Alternate members shall be given notice
of meetings of committees and shall have the right to attend all meetings of
committees. The Board of Trustees may adopt rules for the government of any
committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these By-Laws.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
Section 1. OFFICERS. The officers of the Trust shall be a President, a
Secretary, and a Treasurer. The Trust may also have, at the discretion of the
Board of Trustees, a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice Presidents, one or
more Assistant Secretaries, one or more Assistant Treasurers, and such other
officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of
this Article V. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.
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Section 2. ELECTION OF OFFICERS. The officers of the Trust, except such
officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 or
Section 5 of this Article V, shall be chosen by the Board of Trustees, and each
shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees, subject to the rights, if
any, of an officer under any contract of employment.
Section 3. SUBORDINATE OFFICERS. The Board of Trustees may appoint and
may empower the President to appoint such other officers as the business of the
Trust may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such
authority and perform such duties as are provided in these By-Laws or as the
Board of Trustees may from time to time determine.
Section 4. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS. Subject to the rights,
if any, of an officer under any contract of employment, any officer may be
removed, either with or without cause, by the Board of Trustees at any regular
or special meeting of the Board of Trustees or by the principal executive
officer or by such other officer upon whom such power of removal may be
conferred by the Board of Trustees.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
Trust. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that
notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and unless otherwise
specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be
necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the
rights, if any, of the Trust under any contract to which the officer is a party.
Section 5. VACANCIES IN OFFICES. A vacancy in any office because of
death, resignation, removal, disqualification or other cause shall be filled in
the manner prescribed in these By-Laws for regular appointment to that office.
The President may make temporary appointments to a vacant office pending action
by the Board of Trustees.
Section 6. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Chairman of the Board, if such an
Officer is elected, shall if present preside at meetings of the Board of
Trustees, shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Trust and shall, subject
to the control of the Board of Trustees, have general supervision, direction and
control of the business and the Officers of the Trust and exercise and perform
such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the
Board of Trustees or prescribed by the By-Laws.
Section 7. PRESIDENT. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as
may be given by the Board of Trustees to the Chairman of the Board, if there be
such an officer, the President shall be the chief operating officer of the Trust
and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Trustees and the Chairman,
have general
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supervision, direction and control of the business and the officers of the
Trust. He shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and in the absence
of the Chairman of the Board or if there be none, at all meetings of the Board
of Trustees. He shall have the general powers and duties of management usually
vested in the office of President of a corporation and shall have such other
powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Trustees or these
By-Laws.
Section 8. VICE PRESIDENTS. In the absence or disability of the
President, the Vice Presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the
Board of Trustees or if not ranked, the Executive Vice President (who shall be
considered first ranked) and such other Vice Presidents as shall be designated
by the Board of Trustees, shall perform all the duties of the President and when
so acting shall have all powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon
the President. The Vice Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such
other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the
Board of Trustees or the President or the Chairman of the Board or by these
By-Laws.
Section 9. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept at
the principal executive office of the Trust, or such other place as the Board of
Trustees may direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of Trustees,
committees of Trustees and shareholders with the time and place of holding,
whether regular or special, and if special, how authorized, the notice given,
the names of those present at Trustees' meetings or committee meetings, the
number of shares present or represented at shareholders' meetings, and the
proceedings.
The Secretary shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal executive
office of the Trust or at the office of the Trust's transfer agent or registrar,
a share register or a duplicate share register showing the names of all
shareholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each,
the number and date of certificates issued for the same and the number and date
of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.
The Secretary shall give or cause to be given notice of all meetings of
the shareholders and of the Board of Trustees required to be given by these
By-Laws or by applicable law and shall have such other powers and perform such
other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Trustees or by these By-Laws.
Section 10. TREASURER. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial
officer and chief accounting officer of the Trust and shall keep and maintain or
cause to be kept and maintained adequate and correct books and records of
accounts of the properties and business transactions of the Trust, including
accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses,
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capital, retained earnings and shares. The books of account shall at all
reasonable times be open to inspection by any Trustee.
The Treasurer shall deposit all monies and other valuables in the name
and to the credit of the Trust with such depositaries as may be designated by
the Board of Trustees. He shall disburse the funds of the Trust as may be
ordered by the Board of Trustees, shall render to the President and Trustees,
whenever they request it, an account of all of his transactions as chief
financial officer and of the financial condition of the Trust and shall have
other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of
Trustees or these By-Laws.
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION OF TRUSTEES, OFFICERS,
EMPLOYEES AND OTHER AGENTS
Section 1. AGENTS, PROCEEDINGS AND EXPENSES. For the purpose of this
Article, "agent" means any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or
other agent of this Trust or is or was serving at the request of this Trust as a
Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of another foreign or domestic
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise or was a
Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent of a foreign or domestic
corporation which was a predecessor of another enterprise at the request of such
predecessor entity; "proceeding" means any threatened, pending or completed
action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative;
and "expenses" includes without limitation attorney's fees and any expenses of
establishing a right to indemnification under this Article.
Section 2. ACTIONS OTHER THAN BY TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any
proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of this Trust) by reason of
the fact that such person is or was an agent of this Trust, against expenses,
judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred
in connection with such proceeding, if it is determined that person acted in
good faith and reasonably believed:
(a) in the case of conduct in his official capacity as a Trustee
of the Trust, that his conduct was in the Trust's best interests, and
(b) in all other cases, that his conduct was at least not opposed
to the Trust's best interests, and
(c) in the case of a criminal proceeding, that he had no
reasonable cause to believe the conduct of that person was unlawful.
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The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement,
conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not of
itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a
manner which the person reasonably believed to be in the best interests of this
Trust or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person's
conduct was unlawful.
Section 3. ACTIONS BY THE TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any person
who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened,
pending or completed action by or in the right of this Trust to procure a
judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that that person is or was an agent
of this Trust, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by that person
in connection with the defense or settlement of that action if that person acted
in good faith, in a manner that person believed to be in the best interests of
this Trust and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily
prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances.
Section 4. EXCLUSION OF INDEMNIFICATION. Notwithstanding any provision
to the contrary contained herein, there shall be no right to indemnification for
any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross
negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of
the agent's office with this Trust.
No indemnification shall be made under Sections 2 or 3 of this Article:
(a) In respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which that person
shall have been adjudged to be liable on the basis that personal
benefit was improperly received by him, whether or not the benefit
resulted from an action taken in the person's official capacity; or
(b) In respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which that person
shall have been adjudged to be liable in the performance of that
person's duty to this Trust, unless and only to the extent that the
court in which that action was brought shall determine upon application
that in view of all the circumstances of the case, that person was not
liable by reason of the disabling conduct set forth in the preceding
paragraph and is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for the
expenses which the court shall determine; or
(c) of amounts paid in settling or otherwise disposing of a threatened
or pending action, with or without court approval, or of expenses
incurred in defending a threatened or pending action which is settled
or otherwise disposed of without court approval, unless the required
approval set forth in Section 6 of this Article is obtained.
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Section 5. SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE BY AGENT. To the extent that an agent of
this Trust has been successful on the merits in defense of any proceeding
referred to in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article or in defense of any claim, issue
or matter therein, before the court or other body before whom the proceeding was
brought, the agent shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably
incurred by the agent in connection therewith, provided that the Board of
Trustees, including a majority who are disinterested, non-party Trustees, also
determines that based upon a review of the facts, the agent was not liable by
reason of the disabling conduct referred to in Section 4 of this Article.
Section 6. REQUIRED APPROVAL. Except as provided in Section 5 of this
Article, any indemnification under this Article shall be made by this Trust only
if authorized in the specific case on a determination that indemnification of
the agent is proper in the circumstances because the agent has met the
applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article and
is not prohibited from indemnification because of the disabling conduct set
forth in Section 4 of this Article, by:
(a) A majority vote of a quorum consisting of Trustees who are not
parties to the proceeding and are not interested persons of the Trust (as
defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940); or
(b) A written opinion by an independent legal counsel.
Section 7. ADVANCE OF EXPENSES. Expenses incurred in defending any
proceeding may be advanced by this Trust before the final disposition of the
proceeding upon a written undertaking by or on behalf of the agent, to repay the
amount of the advance if it is ultimately determined that he or she is not
entitled to indemnification, together with at least one of the following as a
condition to the advance: (i) security for the undertaking; or (ii) the
existence of insurance protecting the Trust against losses arising by reason of
any lawful advances; or (iii) a determination by a majority of a quorum of
Trustees who are not parties to the proceeding and are not interested persons of
the Trust, or by an independent legal counsel in a written opinion, based on a
review of readily available facts that there is reason to believe that the agent
ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification. Determinations and
authorizations of payments under this Section must be made in the manner
specified in Section 6 of this Article for determining that the indemnification
is permissible.
Section 8. OTHER CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS. Nothing contained in this Article
shall affect any right to indemnification to which persons other than Trustees
and officers of this Trust or any subsidiary hereof may be entitled by contract
or otherwise.
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Section 9. LIMITATIONS. No indemnification or advance shall be made
under this Article, except as provided in Sections 5 or 6 in any circumstances
where it appears:
(a) that it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust of the Trust, a resolution of the shareholders, or
an agreement in effect at the time of accrual of the alleged cause of
action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred
or other amounts were paid which prohibits or otherwise limits
indemnification; or
(b) that it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly
imposed by a court in approving a settlement.
Section 10. INSURANCE. Upon and in the event of a determination by the
Board of Trustees of this Trust to purchase such insurance, this Trust shall
purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any agent of this Trust against any
liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in such capacity or arising
out of the agent's status as such, but only to the extent that this Trust would
have the power to indemnify the agent against that liability under the
provisions of this Article and the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the
Trust.
Section 11. FIDUCIARIES OF EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN. This Article does not
apply to any proceeding against any Trustee, investment manager or other
fiduciary of an employee benefit plan in that person's capacity as such, even
though that person may also be an agent of this Trust as defined in Section 1 of
this Article. Nothing contained in this Article shall limit any right to
indemnification to which such a Trustee, investment manager, or other fiduciary
may be entitled by contract or otherwise which shall be enforceable to the
extent permitted by applicable law other than this Article.
ARTICLE VII
RECORDS AND REPORTS
Section 1. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF SHARE REGISTER. This Trust
shall keep at its principal executive office or at the office of its transfer
agent or registrar, if either be appointed and as determined by resolution of
the Board of Trustees, a record of its shareholders, giving the names and
addresses of all shareholders and the number and series of shares held by each
shareholder.
Section 2. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF BY-LAWS. The Trust shall keep
at its principal executive office the original or a copy of these By-Laws as
amended to date, which shall be open to inspection by the shareholders at all
reasonable times during office hours.
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Section 3. MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF OTHER RECORDS. The accounting
books and records and minutes of proceedings of the shareholders and the Board
of Trustees and any committee or committees of the Board of Trustees shall be
kept at such place or places designated by the Board of Trustees or in the
absence of such designation, at the principal executive office of the Trust. The
minutes shall be kept in written form and the accounting books and records shall
be kept either in written form or in any other form capable of being converted
into written form. The minutes and accounting books and records shall be open to
inspection upon the written demand of any shareholder or holder of a voting
trust certificate at any reasonable time during usual business hours for a
purpose reasonably related to the holder's interests as a shareholder or as the
holder of a voting trust certificate. The inspection may be made in person or by
an agent or attorney and shall include the right to copy and make extracts.
Section 4. INSPECTION BY TRUSTEES. Every Trustee shall have the
absolute right at any reasonable time to inspect all books, records, and
documents of every kind and the physical properties of the Trust. This
inspection by a Trustee may be made in person or by an agent or attorney and the
right of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts of documents.
Section 5. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. A copy of any financial statements and
any income statement of the Trust for each quarterly period of each fiscal year
and accompanying balance sheet of the Trust as of the end of each such period
that has been prepared by the Trust shall be kept on file in the principal
executive office of the Trust for at least twelve (12) months and each such
statement shall be exhibited at all reasonable times to any shareholder
demanding an examination of any such statement or a copy shall be mailed to any
such shareholder.
The quarterly income statements and balance sheets referred to in this
section shall be accompanied by the report, if any, of any independent
accountants engaged by the Trust or the certificate of an authorized officer of
the Trust that the financial statements were prepared without audit from the
books and records of the Trust.
ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL MATTERS
Section 1. CHECKS, DRAFTS, EVIDENCE OF INDEBTEDNESS. All checks,
drafts, or other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of
indebtedness issued in the name of or payable to the Trust shall be signed or
endorsed in such manner and by such person or persons as shall be designated
from time to time in accordance with the resolution of the Board of Trustees.
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Section 2. CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS; HOW EXECUTED. The Board of
Trustees, except as otherwise provided in these By-Laws, may authorize any
officer or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any
instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Trust and this authority may be
general or confined to specific instances; and unless so authorized or ratified
by the Board of Trustees or within the agency power of an officer, no officer,
agent, or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the Trust by any
contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any
purpose or for any amount.
Section 3. CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES. A certificate or certificates for
shares of beneficial interest in any series of the Trust may be issued to a
shareholder upon his request when such shares are fully paid. All certificates
shall be signed in the name of the Trust by the Chairman of the Board or the
President or Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or
the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares and
the series of shares owned by the shareholders. Any or all of the signatures on
the certificate may be facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent, or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed on a
certificate shall have ceased to be that officer, transfer agent, or registrar
before that certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Trust with the same
effect as if that person were an officer, transfer agent or registrar at the
date of issue. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trust may adopt and use a
system of issuance, recordation and transfer of its shares by electronic or
other means.
Section 4. LOST CERTIFICATES. Except as provided in this Section 4, no
new certificates for shares shall be issued to replace an old certificate unless
the latter is surrendered to the Trust and cancelled at the same time. The Board
of Trustees may in case any share certificate or certificate for any other
security is lost, stolen, or destroyed, authorize the issuance of a replacement
certificate on such terms and conditions as the Board of Trustees may require,
including a provision for indemnification of the Trust secured by a bond or
other adequate security sufficient to protect the Trust against any claim that
may be made against it, including any expense or liability on account of the
alleged loss, theft, or destruction of the certificate or the issuance of the
replacement certificate.
Section 5. REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER ENTITIES HELD BY TRUST.
The Chairman of the Board, the President or any Vice President or any other
person authorized by resolution of the Board of Trustees or by any of the
foregoing designated officers, is authorized to vote or represent on behalf of
the Trust any and all shares of any corporation, partnership, trusts, or other
entities, foreign or domestic, standing in the name of the Trust. The authority
granted may be exercised in person or by a proxy duly executed by such
designated person.
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Section 6. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the Trust shall be fixed and
refixed or changed from time to time by resolution of the Trustees. The fiscal
year of the Trust shall be the taxable year of each Series of the Trust.
ARTICLE IX
AMENDMENTS
Section 1. AMENDMENT BY SHAREHOLDERS. These By-Laws may be amended or
repealed by the affirmative vote or written consent of a majority of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote, except as otherwise provided by applicable
law or by the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust or these By-Laws.
Section 2. AMENDMENT BY TRUSTEES. Subject to the right of shareholders
as provided in Section 1 of this Article to adopt, amend or repeal By-Laws, and
except as otherwise provided by applicable law or by the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust of the Trust, these By-Laws may be adopted, amended, or
repealed by the Board of Trustees.
Section 3. INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE INTO AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF
TRUST OF THE TRUST. These By-Laws and any amendments thereto shall be
incorporated by reference to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the
Trust.