AMERICAN TRUST ALLEGIANCE FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated June 29, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and it should be
read in conjunction with the prospectus dated June 29, 1999, as may be revised
from time to time, of the American Trust Allegiance Fund (the "Fund"), a series
of Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). American Trust Company (the "Advisor")
is the Advisor to the Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained from the
Fund at One Court Street, Lebanon, NH 03766 or by calling (800) 385-7003.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ...... B-2 Investment Objectives,
Strategies and Related Risks
Management ............................. B-5 Investment Advisor
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage ... B-8 Not applicable
Net Asset Value ........................ B-9 How to Purchase Shares of
the Fund
Taxation ............................... B-10 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ............ B-12 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information ................ B-13 Fund Performance
General Information .................... B-14 Not applicable
Appendix ............................... B-15 Not applicable
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to seek capital appreciation.
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective. The discussion
below supplements information contained in the prospectus as to investment
policies of the Fund.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
BANK CERTIFICATES OR DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-1" or higher by Standard & Poor's ("S&P"), "Prime-1" by
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"), or similarly rated by another
nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be
determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are
described in Appendix A.
B-2
<PAGE>
MONEY MARKET FUNDS
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. The Fund
may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of
daily cash positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees a Fund
bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear
its pro rata portions of each other investment company's advisory and
operational expenses.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers that are publicly
traded in the United States. The Fund may also invest up to 5% of its total
assets in depositary receipts.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS. Certain foreign countries may have less
supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less
financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United
States.
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign
company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the
particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of
securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also
factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of
the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the
Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts
will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the
prospectus, depending on the Advisor's assessment of prevailing market, economic
and other conditions.
B-3
<PAGE>
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
BORROWING
The Fund is authorized to borrow money from time to time for temporary,
extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions in amounts
up to 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowings.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN SMALL COMPANIES
As stated in the prospectus, the Fund may invest in securities of small
companies. Additional risks of such investments include the markets on which
such securities are frequently traded. In many instances the securities of
smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter or on a regional securities
exchange, and the frequency and volume of their trading is substantially less
than is typical of larger companies. Therefore, the securities of smaller
companies may be subject to greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. When
making large sales, the Fund may have to sell portfolio holdings at discounts
from quoted prices or may have to make a series of small sales over an extended
period of time due to the trading volume of smaller company securities.
Investors should be aware that, based on the foregoing factors, an investment in
the Fund may be subject to greater price fluctuations than an investment in a
fund that invests exclusively in larger, more established companies. The
Advisor's research efforts may also play a greater role in selecting securities
for the Fund than in a fund that invests in larger, more established companies.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified; I.E., as to
75% of the value of a its total assets: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its
total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than
U.S. Government securities); and (ii) the Fund's position in any single issuer
may not represent more than 10% of such issuer's voting securities. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis from banks for temporary or
emergency purposes or for the clearance of transactions in amounts not exceeding
5% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed), provided that it will
not make investments while borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its total
assets are outstanding;
B-4
<PAGE>
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law; or
2. Invest in securities which are restricted as to disposition or
otherwise are illiquid or have no readily available market (except for
securities which are determined by the Board of Trustees to be liquid).
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their birth dates and positions
with the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the
past five years are:
WALTER E. AUCH, SR. (born 1921) Trustee
6001 N. 62nd Place, Paradise Valley, AZ 85153. Business Consultant and Director,
Nicholas-Applegate Institutional Mutual Funds, Salomon Smith Barney Trak Funds
and Concert Series, Pimco Advisors L.P., Banyan Strategic Realty Trust, Legend
Properties and Senele Group.
ERIC M. BANHAZL* (born 1957) Trustee, President and Treasurer
2020 E. Financial Way, Glendora, CA 91741. Executive Vice President, Investment
Company Administration, LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
Treasurer, Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.
DONALD E. O'CONNOR (born 1936) Trustee
1700 Taylor Avenue, Fort Washington, MD 20744. Retired; formerly Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until
January, 1997); Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until
June, 1993); Independent Director, The Parnassus Fund, The Parnassus Income
Fund, and Allegiance Investment Trust.
B-5
<PAGE>
GEORGE T. WOFFORD III (born 1939) Trustee
305 Glendora Circle, Danville, CA 94526. Senior Vice President, Information
Services, Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco.
STEVEN J. PAGGIOLI (born 1950) Vice President
915 Broadway, Suite 1605, New York, NY 10010. Executive Vice President,
Investment Company Administration, LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors,
Inc.; President and Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios; Trustee,
Managers Funds Trust.
ROBERT H. WADSWORTH (born 1940) Vice President
4455 E. Camelback Rd. Suite 261-E, Phoenix, AZ 85018. President, Robert H.
Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment Company Administration, LLC and First
Fund Distributors, Inc.; Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios;
President, Guiness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund, Inc.,
New Germany Fund, Inc., Central European Equity Fund, Inc. and Deutsche Funds,
Inc.
CHRIS O. MOSER (born 1949) Secretary
4455 E. Camelback Rd. Suite 261-E, Phoenix, AZ 85018. Employed by Investment
Company Administration, LLC (since July 1996); Formerly employed by Bank One,
N.A. (From August 1995 until July 1996; O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August 1995).
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST
- ----------------- -------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
Compensation indicated is for the calendar-year ended December 31, 1998. The
Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the
Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Advisor. In providing such services, the Advisor shall at all times
adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the
"Code"), and other applicable law.
B-6
<PAGE>
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (I) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales
and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other
communications for distribution to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and
accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expenses (including legal
fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for sale under
federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; all expenses of
maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all charges for
transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing, redemption, and other
agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other charges and costs of
its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as
otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back
five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years and
seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent
upon Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed
amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of
current ordinary operating expenses.
During the period beginning March 11, 1997 and ending February 28,
1998, the Advisor earned $34,946 in advisory fees. The Advisor voluntarily
agreed to limit total Fund operating expenses to 1.45% of average net assets
annually. As a result of that limitation, the Advisor waived the full amount to
its fee and paid Fund operating expenses in the amount of $60,728. During the
fiscal year ended February 28, 1999, the Advisor earned $88,383 in advisory
fees. The Advisor voluntarily agreed to limit total Fund operating expenses to
1.45% of average net assets annually. As a result of that limitation, the
Advisor waived $79,291 of its fee.
B-7
<PAGE>
The Advisor is controlled by Paul H. Collins, its President.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and any other governmental
agency (the Trust agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the
Administrator all necessary financial and other information in connection with
the foregoing); (iv) preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary
to permit the sale of shares of the Trust in various states selected by the
Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing fees or other similar fees in
connection therewith); (v) responding to all inquiries or other communications
of shareholders, if any, which are directed to the Administrator, or if any such
inquiry or communication is more properly to be responded to by the Trust's
custodian, transfer agent or accounting services agent, overseeing their
response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships between the Trust and any
custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting services agent(s), including the
negotiation of agreements and the supervision of the performance of such
agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any of the Administrator's
directors, officers and employees who may be elected as Trustees or officers of
the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are elected. All services to
be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be furnished through
the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the Administrator.
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the
following annual rate, subject to a $30,000 minimum:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
B-8
<PAGE>
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
Brokerage commissions paid on portfolio transactions during the period
beginning March 11, 1997 and ending February 28, 1998, totaled $43,559.
Brokerage commissions paid during the fiscal year ending February 28, 1999
totaled $28,351.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE")
(generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day on which the NYSE is open.
The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for trading.
The most recent announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following
days: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday,
Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
However, the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
B-9
<PAGE>
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all
applicable requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification
of its assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to
distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and
any net realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies
with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be
subject to any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the
Board may elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under
the circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock and securities, gains from the
sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currency gains
related to investments in stock or securities, or other income (generally
including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect
to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and (b) diversify
its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the
market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. Government
securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other
securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of other
securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund's
assets or 10% or the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more than 25%
of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer
(other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectus. In order to avoid the payment of any federal excise
tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31 of each
year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year, distributions at
least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar year and at least
98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses realized in the
one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with any undistributed
amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of capital losses) from
the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
B-10
<PAGE>
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock of securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
B-11
<PAGE>
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts and
foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code, rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the Fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends with respect to such shares during such
six-month period. All or a portion of a loss realized upon the redemption of
shares of the Fund may be disallowed to the extent shares of the Fund are
purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30
days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing long-term
capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital gain. After
deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the balance (to the
extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the eight previous
taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term capital gains in the
hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time the Fund's shares may
have been held by the shareholders. The maximum capital gains rate for
individuals is 28% with respect to assets held for more than 12 months, but not
more than 18 months, and 20% with respect to assets held more than 18 months.
The maximum capital gains rate for corporate shareholders is the same as the
maximum tax rate for ordinary income.
B-12
<PAGE>
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend of
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect tot he
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
For the period from March 11, 1997 (commencement of operations) through
February 28, 1999, the Fund had an average annual total return of 31.58%. For
the one year period ended February 28, 1999, the Fund's total return was 27.47%.
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to
the following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
B-13
<PAGE>
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company
organized as a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware
on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 16 effective series of
shares of beneficial interest, par value of $0.01 per share. The Declaration of
Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional
shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater
or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund
proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Trust's
liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund
available for distribution to shareholders. The Declaration of Trust does not
require the issuance of stock certificates. If stock certificates are issued,
they must be returned by the registered owners prior to the transfer or
redemption of shares represented by such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created one series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, which have separate
assets and liabilities. In the event more than one series were created, income
and operating expenses not specifically attributable to a particular Fund would
be allocated fairly among the Funds by the Trustees, generally on the basis of
the relative net assets of each Fund.
The Fund intends to pay cash (U.S. dollars) for all shares redeemed,
but, under abnormal conditions that make payment in cash unwise, the Fund may
make payment partly in its portfolio securities with a current amortized cost or
market value, as appropriate, equal to the redemption price. Although the Fund
does not anticipate that it will make any part of a redemption payment in
securities, if such payment were made, an investor may incur brokerage costs in
converting such securities to cash. The Trust has elected to be governed by the
provisions of Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company Act, which require that
the Fund pay in cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record
limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of such period.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
B-14
<PAGE>
The Fund's principal underwriter is First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455
E. Camelback Rd., Suite 261-E, Phoenix, AZ 85018.
The Trust's custodian, Firstar Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45202, is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data
Services, 24 W. Carver Street, Huntington, NY 11743 acts as the Fund's
accounting services agent. The Trust's independent accountants, McGladrey &
Pullen, LLP, 555 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of
certain reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax
returns.
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at April 12, 1999.
On April 12, 1999, the following persons owned of record and/or
beneficially more than 5% of the Fund's outstanding voting securities:
Corestates Bank, N.A. William N. Lane Trust, American Trust Co-Trustee,
FC 1-9-81-22, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106; 23.43% record.
Mackenzie-Childs 401K Plan & Trust, Dennis R. Edson TTEE, 3260 State
Route 90, Aurora, NY 13026; 7.65% record.
The validity of the Fund's shares has been passed on by Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP, 345 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94104.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
Aaa-Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa--Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" to both the Aaa
and Aa rating classifications. The modifier "1" indicates that the security
ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier "2"
indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier "3" indicates that the issue
ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may
be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
B-15
<PAGE>
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
AAA--This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA--Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A--Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB--Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B-16
<PAGE>
KAMINSKI POLAND FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated March 16, 1999
Supplemented May 3, 1999 and July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus and contains
information in addition to that set forth in: the prospectus for the Class I
shares of the Kaminski Poland Fund dated October 30, 1998, and the prospectus
for the Class A shares of the Kaminski Poland Fund, dated March 16, 1999, each
as may be revised from time to time (each a "prospectus" and collectively, the
"prospectuses"). Kaminski Poland Fund (the "Fund") is a series of Advisors
Series Trust (the "Trust"). Kaminski Asset Management, Inc. (the "Advisor"), is
the Advisor to the Fund. Copies of the prospectuses may be obtained from the
Fund at 319 1st Avenue North, Minneapolis, Minnesota, telephone number (612)
305-9026.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ....... B-2 Investment Objectives and
Policies
Management .............................. B-10 Management of the Fund
Distribution Arrangements ............... B-14 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .... B-14 Management of the Fund
Net Asset Value ......................... B-15 Investor Guide
Taxation ................................ B-16 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ............. B-18 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information ................. B-19 General Information
General Information ..................... B-20 General Information
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is long term growth of capital,
which it attempts to achieve by investing in equity securities that are issued
by companies based in the Republic of Poland. There is no assurance that the
Fund will achieve its objective. The discussion below supplements information
contained in the prospectus as to investment policies of the Fund.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation attendant upon a market price advance in
the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
BANK CERTIFICATES OR DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS. The Fund
may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time deposits.
Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds
deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
B-2
<PAGE>
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in the Appendix.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. The Fund
may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of
daily cash positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees a Fund
bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear
its pro rata portions of each other investment company's advisory and
operational expenses.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these
governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned
on a sovereign debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic
performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet
such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties'
commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such
debtor's ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
B-3
<PAGE>
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund will invest in securities of foreign issuers that are not
publicly traded in the United States. The Fund may also invest in depositary
receipts and in foreign currency futures contracts and may purchase and sell
foreign currency on a spot basis.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, which are described in the Fund's
prospectus.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered "put"
and "call" options with respect to securities which are otherwise eligible for
purchase by the Fund subject to certain restrictions. The Fund will engage in
trading of such derivative securities exclusively for hedging purposes.
If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option (for "American-style" options) or on the option expiration date (for
"European-style" options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio
investment strategy when the Advisor perceives significant short-term risk but
substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option
acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price
movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement. If the Fund
is holding a security which it feels has strong fundamentals, but for some
reason may be weak in the near term, the Fund may purchase a put option on such
security, thereby giving itself the right to sell such security at a certain
strike price throughout the term of the option. Consequently, the Fund will
exercise the put only if the price of such security falls below the strike price
of the put. The difference between the put's strike price and the market price
of the underlying security on the date the Fund exercises the put, less
transaction costs, will be the amount by which the Fund will be able to hedge
against a decline in the underlying security. If during the period of the option
the market price for the underlying security remains at or above the put's
strike price, the put will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price
the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction costs. If the price of the
underlying security increases, the profit the Fund realizes on the sale of the
security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount
for which the put may be sold.
If the Fund purchases a call option, it acquires the right to purchase
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option. The purchase of a call option is a type of insurance policy to hedge
against losses that could occur if the Fund has a short position in the
underlying security and the security thereafter increases in price. The Fund
will exercise a call option only if the price of the underlying security is
above the strike price at the time of exercise. If during the option period the
market price for the underlying security remains at or below the strike price of
the call option, the option will expire worthless, representing a loss of the
price paid for the option, plus transaction costs. If the call option has been
purchased to hedge a short position of the Fund in the underlying security and
the price of the underlying security thereafter falls, the profit the Fund
realizes on the cover of the short position in the security will be reduced by
the premium paid for the call option less any amount for which such option may
be sold.
Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has
remaining value by a purchaser through a "closing sale transaction," which is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously
purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the
Advisor believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing
transactions.
WRITING CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
B-4
<PAGE>
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security
with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting
a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale
of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the
Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on
which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior
to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN OPTIONS. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options on securities. Options may be more volatile than the
underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in
options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the
underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences between
the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation
between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective.
In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for
reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest
in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening
transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or
other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series
of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may
interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or
clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading
volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or
be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a
particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on
that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist,
although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a
result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance
with their terms.
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the
exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be
unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The
extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") requirements for qualification of
the Fund as a regulated investment company. See "Dividends and Distributions"
and "Taxation."
In addition, when trading options on foreign exchanges, many of the
protections afforded to participants in United States option exchanges will not
be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits in
such exchanges or markets, and adverse market movements could therefore continue
to an unlimited extent over a period of time. Although the purchaser of an
option cannot lose more than the amount of the premium plus related transaction
costs, this entire amount could be lost. Moreover, the Fund as an option writer
could lose amounts substantially in excess of its initial investment, due to the
margin and collateral requirements typically associated with such option
writing. See "Dealer Options".
DEALER OPTIONS. The Fund will engage in transactions involving dealer
options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are
specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation
to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer
option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to
perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would
result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the
expected benefit of the transaction.
B-5
<PAGE>
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize
the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling
the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer
option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its
expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer
to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter
into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected
to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be
no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option
at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a
covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase
transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used
as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of
the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With
respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing
transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the
Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a
security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to
secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may
impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale
might be advantageous.
The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities.
The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the
dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for
a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the
dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum
purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's
limitation on illiquid securities. If the Commission changes its position on the
liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such
instruments accordingly.
FOREIGN CURRENCY OPTIONS. The Fund may buy or sell put and call options
on foreign currencies. A put or call option on a foreign currency gives the
purchaser of the option the right to sell or purchase a foreign currency at the
exercise price until the option expires. The Fund will use foreign currency
options separately or in combination to control currency volatility. Among the
strategies employed to control currency volatility is an option collar. An
option collar involves the purchase of a put option and the simultaneous sale of
a call option on the same currency with the same expiration date but with
different exercise (or "strike") prices. Generally, the put option will have an
out-of-the-money strike price, while the call option will have either an
at-the-money strike price or an in-the-money strike price. Foreign currency
options are derivative securities. Currency options traded on U.S. or other
exchanges may be subject to position limits which may limit the ability of the
Fund to reduce foreign currency risk using such options.
As with other kinds of option transactions, the writing of an option on
foreign currency will constitute only a partial hedge, up to the amount of the
premium received. The Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign
currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The
purchase of an option on foreign currency may constitute an effective hedge
against exchange rate fluctuations: however, in the event of exchange rate
movements adverse to the Fund's position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount
of the premium plus related transaction costs.
SPREAD TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from
securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently
exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the
Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed
yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but
which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of
dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any
transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the
Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, I.E., the
yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection
is provided only during the life of the spread options.
FORWARD CURRENCY CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts in anticipation of
changes in currency exchange rates. A forward currency contract is an obligation
to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed
number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. For example, the Fund might purchase a
particular currency or enter into a forward currency contract to preserve the
U.S. dollar price of securities it intends to or has contracted to purchase.
Alternatively, it might sell a particular currency on either a spot or forward
basis to hedge against an anticipated decline in the dollar value of securities
it intends to or has contracted to sell. Although this strategy could minimize
the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, it could
also limit any potential gain from an increase in the value of the currency.
B-6
<PAGE>
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will set aside cash or
liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate
account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy
a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to
place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy
its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the
ability of the Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's
forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
BORROWING
The Fund is authorized to borrow money from time to time for temporary,
extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions in amounts
up to 10% of the value of its total assets at the time of such borrowings. The
use of borrowing by the Fund involves special risk considerations that may not
be associated with other funds having similar objectives and policies. Since
substantially all of the Fund's assets fluctuate in value, whereas the interest
obligation resulting from a borrowing will be fixed by the terms of the Fund's
agreement with its lender, the asset value per share of the Fund will tend to
increase more when its portfolio securities increase in value and to decrease
more when its portfolio assets decrease in value than would otherwise be the
case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In addition, interest costs on borrowings
may fluctuate with changing market rates of interest and may partially offset or
exceed the return earned on borrowed funds. Under adverse market conditions, the
Fund might have to sell portfolio securities to meet interest or principal
payments at a time when fundamental investment considerations would not favor
such sales.
B-7
<PAGE>
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding
one-third of its total assets to financial institutions such as banks and
brokers if the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulations.
Under the present regulatory requirements which govern loans of portfolio
securities, the loan collateral must, on each business day, at least equal the
value of the loaned securities and must consist of cash, letters of credit of
domestic banks or domestic branches of foreign banks, or securities of the U.S.
Government or its agencies. To be acceptable as collateral, letters of credit
must obligate a bank to pay amounts demanded by the Fund if the demand meets the
terms of the letter. Such terms and the issuing bank would have to be
satisfactory to the Fund. Any loan might be secured by any one or more of the
three types of collateral. The terms of the Fund's loans must permit the Fund to
reacquire loaned securities on five days' notice or in time to vote on any
serious matter and must meet certain tests under the Code.
SHORT SALES
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities it owns or has
the right to acquire at no added cost through conversion or exchange of other
securities it owns (referred to as short sales "against the box") and to make
short sales of securities which it does not own or have the right to acquire.
In a short sale that is not "against the box," the Fund sells a
security which it does not own, in anticipation of a decline in the market value
of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must borrow the security
(generally from the broker through which the short sale is made) in order to
make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security
borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The
Fund is said to have a "short position" in the securities sold until it delivers
them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has a short position can
range from one day to more than a year. Until the security is replaced, the
proceeds of the short sale are retained by the broker, and the Fund is required
to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of any dividends or interest which
accrue during the period of the loan. To meet current margin requirements, the
Fund is also required to deposit with the broker additional cash or securities
so that the total deposit with the broker is maintained daily at 150% of the
current market value of the securities sold short (100% of the current market
value if a security is held in the account that is convertible or exchangeable
into the security sold short within 90 days without restriction other than the
payment of money).
Short sales by the Fund that are not made "against the box" create
opportunities to increase the Fund's return but, at the same time, involve
specific risk considerations and may be considered a speculative technique.
Since the Fund in effect profits from a decline in the price of the securities
sold short without the need to invest the full purchase price of the securities
on the date of the short sale, the Fund's net asset value per share will tend to
increase more when the securities it has sold short decrease in value, and to
decrease more when the securities it has sold short increase in value, than
would otherwise be the case if it had not engaged in such short sales. The
amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by
the amount of any premium, dividends or interest the Fund may be required to pay
in connection with the short sale. Furthermore, under adverse market conditions
the Fund might have difficulty purchasing securities to meet its short sale
delivery obligations, and might have to sell portfolio securities to raise the
capital necessary to meet its short sale obligations at a time when fundamental
investment considerations would not favor such sales.
If the Fund makes a short sale "against the box," the Fund would not
immediately deliver the securities sold and would not receive the proceeds from
the sale. The seller is said to have a short position in the securities sold
until it delivers the securities sold, at which time it receives the proceeds of
the sale. To secure its obligation to deliver securities sold short, the Fund
will deposit in escrow in a separate account with the Custodian an equal amount
of the securities sold short or securities convertible into or exchangeable for
such securities. The Fund can close out its short position by purchasing and
delivering an equal amount of the securities sold short, rather than by
delivering securities already held by the Fund, because the Fund might want to
continue to receive interest and dividend payments on securities in its
portfolio that are convertible into the securities sold short.
B-8
<PAGE>
The Fund's decision to make a short sale "against the box" may be a
technique to hedge against market risks when the Advisor believes that the price
of a security may decline, causing a decline in the value of a security owned by
the Fund or a security convertible into or exchangeable for such security. In
such case, any future losses in the Fund's long position would be reduced by a
gain in the short position. The extent to which such gains or losses in the long
position are reduced will depend upon the amount of securities sold short
relative to the amount of the securities the Fund owns, either directly or
indirectly, and, in the case where the Fund owns convertible securities, changes
in the investment values or conversion premiums of such securities.
The extent to which the Fund may enter into short sales transactions
may be limited by the Code requirements for qualification of the Fund as a
regulated investment company. See "Taxation."
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests
within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted
securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and
delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of
securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN SMALL COMPANIES
As stated in the prospectus, the Fund may purchase securities of
companies with market capitalization as low as $10 million. Additional risks of
such investments include the markets on which such securities are frequently
traded. In many instances the securities of smaller companies are traded only
over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and
volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger
companies. Therefore, the securities of smaller companies may be subject to
greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. When making large sales, the Fund
may have to sell portfolio holdings at discounts from quoted prices or may have
to make a series of small sales over an extended period of time due to the
trading volume of smaller company securities. Investors should be aware that,
based on the foregoing factors, an investment in the Fund may be subject to
greater price fluctuations than an investment in a fund that invests exclusively
in larger, more established companies. The Advisor's research efforts may also
play a greater role in selecting securities for the Fund than in a fund that
invests in larger, more established companies.
B-9
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is non-diversified; I.E.,
as to 50% of the value of a its total assets: (i) no more than 5% of the value
of its total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other
than U.S. Government securities); and (ii) the Fund may not purchase more than
10% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer. The Fund's investment
objective is also fundamental. The Fund will also, as a matter of fundamental
policy, invest at least 80% of its total assets, under normal market conditions,
in securities of issuers based in the Republic of Poland.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow on an unsecured basis from banks for temporary or
emergency purposes or for the clearance of transactions in amounts not exceeding
10% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed), provided that it will
not make investments while borrowings in excess of 5% of the value of its total
assets are outstanding; and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund
from engaging in options and foreign currency transactions or short sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions:
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in one industry (other than U.S. Government
securities);
5. Purchase of sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency contracts in accordance
with any rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the
Fund and except for repurchase agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law; or
2. Invest more than 15% of its assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to be
liquid).
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
B-10
<PAGE>
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter Auch, Sr. (Born 1921) Trustee Director, Mutual Funds, Nicholas-Applegate, Brinson
6002 N. 62d Place Funds (since 19940, Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Advisors L.P., Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land Fund
II and Legend Properties.
Eric M. Banhazl (Born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company
2025 E. Financial Way President and Administration Corporation; Vice President, First Fund
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer Distributors, Inc.; Assistant Treasurer, RNC Mutual
Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight Investment
Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald E. O'Connor Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and chief
(Born 1936) Operating Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company
1700 Taylor Avenue (until January 1997), Vice President, Operations,
Fort Washington, MD 20744 Investment Company Institute (until June 1993).
George T. Wofford III Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home
(Born 1939) Loan Bank San Francisco (since March 1993); formerly
305 Glendora Circle Director of Management Information Services, Morrison
Danville, CA 94526 & Foerster (law firm).
Steven J. Paggioli (Born 1950) Vice President Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth &
479 W. 22d Street Associates, Inc. and Investment Company
New York, NY 10011 Administration Corporation; Vice President, First Fund
Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee, Professionally
Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert H. Wadsworth Vice President President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.,
(Born 1940) Investment Company Administration Corporation and
4455 E. Camelback Road First Fund Distributors, Inc.; Vice President,
Suite 261E Professional Managed Portfolios; President Guinness
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund,
Inc. New Germany Fund, Inc., Central European Equity
Fund, Inc. and Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris O. Moser (Born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration (since July
4455 E. Camelback Road 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (From August 1995
Suite 261E until July 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth
Phoenix, AZ 85018 and Beshears (law firm) (until August 1995).
</TABLE>
*denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
B-11
<PAGE>
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST*
- ----------------- --------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
*Estimated for the current fiscal year. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1998,
the aggregate compensation paid by the Trust to each Trustee was $8,500. The
Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the
Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Advisor. In providing such services, the Advisor shall at all times
adhere to the provision and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investment of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or other
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vii) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time ti time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation fo the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales
and marketing materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the benefit
of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian, shareholder
services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on any
borrowings, costs and expenses of pricing and calculation its daily net asset
value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not member of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which insure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other
communications for distributing to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and
accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expense (including legal fees)
of registering and maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including
charges for transfer, shareholder record keeping, dividend disbursing,
redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other
charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring
expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
B-12
<PAGE>
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back
five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years and
seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent
upon Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed
amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of
current ordinary operating expenses.
During the period beginning July 9, 1997 and ending June 30, 1998, the
Advisor earned $13,159 in advisory fees. The Advisor has contractually agreed to
limit total fund operating expenses to 2.75% of average net assets annually. As
a result of that limitation, the Advisor waived the full amount of its fee and
paid Fund operating expenses
in the amount of $121,213.
The Advisor is controlled by M. G. Kaminski.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust of the Fund or any shareholder for any act or commission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence,
or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by majority vote of the Independent
Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such
approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
THE ADMINISTRATOR.
The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for providing such
services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but not limited to
(i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than financial or
accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer agent or
accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance relationships;
(iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or auditors in the
preparation of all required tax returns, proxy statements and reports to the
Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other filings with the
Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust agreeing to supply or
cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary financial and other
information in connection with the foregoing); (iv) preparing such applications
and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer and sale of the shares of
the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of the various states selected
by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing fees or other similar fees in
connection therewith); (v) responding to all inquiries or other communications
of shareholders, if any, which are directed to the Administrator, or if any such
inquiry or communication is more properly to be responded to by the Trust's
custodian, transfer agent or accounting services agent, overseeing their
response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships between the Trust and any
custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting services agent(s), including the
negotiation of agreements and the supervision of the performance of such
agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any of the Administrator's
directors, officers and employees who may be elected as Trustees or officers of
the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are elected. All services to
be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be furnished through
the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the Administrator.
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the following
annual rate:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
B-13
<PAGE>
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund may
pay distribution and related expenses up to 0.25% of its average net assets to
the Advisor as distribution coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid include
preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports such as
semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters, sales
literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct mail
solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales personnel,
advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to the
distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
The Plan allows excess distribution expenses to be carried forward by
the Advisor, as distribution coordinator, and resubmitted in a subsequent fiscal
year, provided that (i) distribution expenses cannot be carried forward for more
than three years following initial submission; (ii) the Trustees have made a
determination at the time of initial submission that the distribution expenses
are appropriate to be carried forward and (iii) the Trustees make a further
determination, at the time any distribution expenses which have been carried
forward are submitted for payment, that payment at the time is appropriate,
consistent with the objectives of the Plan and in the current best interests of
shareholders.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually. During the period beginning July 9, 1997 and ending June 30, 1998, the
Fund paid to the Distribution Coordinator distribution fees totaling $1,977 for
the original class of shares of the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer. the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
yo be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price of lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations
to the Fund and to such other clients.
B-14
<PAGE>
Brokerage commissions paid during the period beginning July 9, 1997,
and ending June 30, 1998, aggregated $30,234.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of each class of the Fund's shares will fluctuate
and is determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (generally 4:00p.m. Eastern time) each business day the NYSE is open for
trading. The NYSE annually announces the days on which it will not be open for
trading. The NSYE generally closes for holidays such as: New Year's Day, Martin
Luther King, Jr. Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence
Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the NYSE may close
on days not included in this list.
The net asset value per share of a class of the Fund is computed by
dividing the value of the securities held by the Fund plus any other cash or
other assets (including interest and dividends accrued but not yet received)
minus that class's proportional interest in the Fund's liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares of
that class outstanding at such time.
Generally, trading in and valuation of securities in Poland is
substantially completed each day prior to the close of the NYSE. In addition,
trading in, and valuation of, those securities may not take place on some days
in which the NYSE is open for trading. In that case, the price used to determine
the Fund's net asset value on the last day on which such security was traded of
was priced will be used, unless the Trust's Board of Trustees determines that a
different price should be used. Furthermore, trading takes place in Poland on
days which the NYSE is not open for trading on which the Fund's net asset value
is not calculated. Occasionally, events affecting the values of such securities
in U.S. dollars on a day on which the Fund calculates its net asset value may
occur between the times when such securities are valued and the close of the
NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the Fund's net asset value
unless the Board or its delegates deem that such events would materially affect
the net asset value, in which case and adjustment would be made.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
Any assets or liabilities initially expressed in terms of foreign currencies are
translated into U.S. dollars at the official exchange rate or, alternatively, at
the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such currencies against the U.S.
dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular participant in the foreign
exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service that takes into account the
quotes provided by a number of such major banks. if neither of these
alternatives is available or both are deemed not to provide a suitable
methodology for converting a foreign currency into U.S. dollars, the Board in
good faith will establish a conversion rate for such currency.
B-15
<PAGE>
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all applicable
requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification of its
assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to distribute
to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net
realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the Board may
elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under the
circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
B-16
<PAGE>
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
B-17
<PAGE>
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
B-18
<PAGE>
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
The Fund may, from time to time, quote various performance figures in
advertisements and other communications to illustrate its past performance.
Performance figures will be calculated separately for each class of shares.
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
For the period from July 9, 1997 (commencement of operations) through
June 30, 1998, the Kaminski Poland Fund had a Total Return of (17.6)%.
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
B-19
<PAGE>
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company
organized as a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware
on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 17 series of shares of
beneficial interest, par value of $0.01 per share. The Declaration of Trust
permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares
of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or
lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund
proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund's
liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund
available for distribution to shareholders.
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created 15 series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, each of which have
separate assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
The Fund intends to pay cash (U.S. dollars) for all shares redeemed,
but, under abnormal conditions that make payment in cash unwise, the Fund may
make payment partly in its portfolio securities with a current amortized cost or
market value, as appropriate, equal to the redemption price. Although the Fund
does not anticipate that it will make any part of a redemption payment in
securities, if such payment were made, an investor may incur brokerage costs in
converting such securities to cash. The Trust has elected to be governed by the
provisions of Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company Act, which require that
the Fund pay in cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record
limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of such period.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's principal underwriter is First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455
E. Camelback Road, Suite 261E, Phoenix, AZ 85018. The Fund's custodian, Firstar
Bank, N.A., 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202 is responsible for holding
the Funds' assets. Citibank, N.A. acts as the Fund's sub-custodian in Poland.
American Data Services, 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 109, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts
as the Fund's transfer agent and accounting services agent. The Fund's
independent accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 650 Third Avenue South,
Suite 1300, Minneapolis, MN 55402 assist in the preparation of certain reports
to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
B-20
<PAGE>
The Fund is a management, open-end, diversified investment company.
The validity of the shares offered by the prospectus have been passed
upon by Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP, 345 California Street, San
Francisco, California 94104.
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at April 30, 1999.
On April 30, 1999, the following additional persons owned of record
and/or beneficially more than 5% of the Fund's outstanding voting securities:
Mager, Donald V. and Shirley M., 2111 Delaware Ave., St. Paul, MN
55118, 6.13% record.
B-22
<PAGE>
THE ROCKHAVEN FUND
THE ROCKHAVEN PREMIER DIVIDEND FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated November 30, 1998
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and it should be
read in conjunction with the prospectus dated November 30, 1998, as may be
amended from time to time, of The Rockhaven Fund and The Rockhaven Premier
Dividend Fund (the "Premier Dividend Fund"), each a series of Advisors Series
Trust (the "Trust"). (Collectively, both The Rockhaven Fund and The Rockhaven
Premier Dividend Fund may be referred to as the "Funds." ) Rockhaven Asset
Management, LLC (the "Advisor") is the Advisor to each of the Funds. A copy of
the prospectus may be obtained from the Fund at 100 First Avenue, Suite 1050,
Pittsburgh, PA 15222, telephone (800) 522-3508.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ....... B-2 Investment Objective and
Policies
Management .............................. B-10 Management of the Fund;
General Information
Distribution Arrangements ............... B-13 Expense Table
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .... B-14 Management of the Funds
Net Asset Value ......................... B-15 Investor Guide
Taxation ................................ B-16 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ............. B-18 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information ................. B-19 General Information
General Information ..................... B-20 General Information
Appendix ................................ B-21 Not applicable
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of The Rockhaven Fund is to obtain above
average current income together with capital appreciation. The primary
investment objective of The Premier Dividend Fund is to obtain high current
income, and the Fund has a secondary objective of seeking capital appreciation.
There is no assurance that either Fund will achieve its objective. The
discussion below supplements information contained in the prospectus as to
investment policies of the Funds.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Funds may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation attendant upon a market price advance in
the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the
possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
RISKS OF INVESTING IN DEBT SECURITIES
There are a number of risks generally associated with an investment in
debt securities (including convertible securities). Yields on short,
intermediate, and long-term securities depend on a variety of factors, including
the general condition of the money and bond markets, the size of a particular
offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the issue.
Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields
and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and
depreciation than obligations with short maturities and lower yields. The market
prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An
increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of such portfolio
investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value
of such portfolio investments. The ability of the Funds to achieve its
investment objective also depends on the continuing ability of the issuers of
the debt securities in which a Fund invests to meet their obligations for the
payment of interest and principal when due.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN LOWER-RATED DEBT SECURITIES
As set forth in the prospectus, each Fund may invest a portion of its
net assets in debt securities, which may be rated below "Baa" by Moody's or
"BBB" by S&P or below investment grade by other recognized rating agencies, or
in unrated securities of comparable quality under certain circumstances.
Securities with ratings below "Baa" and/or "BBB" are commonly referred to as
"junk bonds." Such bonds are subject to greater market fluctuations and risk of
loss of income and principal than higher rated bonds for a variety of reasons,
including the following:
SENSITIVITY TO INTEREST RATE AND ECONOMIC CHANGES. The economy and
interest rates affect high yield securities differently from other securities.
For example, the prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive
to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to
adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an
economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly
leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would adversely affect
their ability to service their principal and interest obligations, to meet
projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a
bond defaults, a Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In
addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result
in increased volatility of market prices of high yield bonds and the Fund's
asset values.
B-2
<PAGE>
PAYMENT EXPECTATIONS. High yield bonds present certain risks based on
payment expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and
call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest
rate market, a Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding
security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high
yield bond's value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the
value of the Fund's assets. If a Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions, it
may be forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to their investment
merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund's expenses can be
spread and possibly reducing that Fund's rate of return.
LIQUIDITY AND VALUATION. To the extent that there is no established
retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this
may impact the Advisor's ability to accurately value high yield bonds and a
Fund's assets and hinder a Fund's ability to dispose of the bonds. Adverse
publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially
in a thinly traded market.
CREDIT RATINGS. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and
interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield bonds. Also, since
credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect
subsequent events, the Advisor must monitor the issuers of high yield bonds in a
Fund's portfolio to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow and
profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the
bonds' liquidity so that Fund can meet redemption requests. A Fund will dispose
of a portfolio security in an orderly manner when its rating has been downgraded
below C.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Each Fund may invest in any of the following securities and
instruments:
BANK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS. A
Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by a Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If a Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that a Fund
may acquire.
B-3
<PAGE>
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, a Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. Each Fund may invest in certificates
of deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings
and loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess
of $100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS.
Each Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are
described in Appendix A.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
Each Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. Each Fund
may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of
daily cash positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees a Fund
bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear
its pro rata portions of each other investment company's advisory and
operational expenses.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
Each Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
ZERO COUPON SECURITIES
Each Fund may invest up to 35% of its net assets in zero coupon
securities. Zero coupon securities are debt securities which have been stripped
of their unmatured interest coupons and receipts, or certificates representing
interests in such stripped debt obligations or coupons. Because a zero coupon
security pays no interest to its holder during its life or for a substantial
period of time, it usually trades at a deep discount from its face or par value
and will be subject to greater fluctuations of market value in response to
changing interest rates than debt obligations of comparable maturities which
make current distributions of interest.
B-4
<PAGE>
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS
Each Fund may acquire variable and floating rate instruments. Such
instruments are frequently not rated by credit rating agencies; however, unrated
variable and floating rate instruments purchased by a Fund will be determined by
the Advisor under guidelines established by the Trust's Board of Trustees to be
of comparable quality at the time of the purchase to rated instruments eligible
for purchase by a Fund. In making such determinations, the Advisor will consider
the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuers of such
instruments (such issuers include financial, merchandising, bank holding and
other companies) and will monitor their financial condition. An active secondary
market may not exist with respect to particular variable or floating rate
instruments purchased by a Fund. The absence of such an active secondary market
could make it difficult for the Funds to dispose of the variable or floating
rate instrument involved in the event of the issuer of the instrument defaulting
on its payment obligation or during periods in which a Fund is not entitled to
exercise its demand rights, and a Fund could, for these or other reasons, suffer
a loss to the extent of the default. Variable and floating rate instruments may
be secured by bank letters of credit.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES AND SECURITIES INDICES
WRITING CALL OPTIONS. Each Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if a Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit a Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with
either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting a
closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale of
any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of a Fund.
If a Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on which it
has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior to or
concurrent with the sale of the security.
A Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. A Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to a Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by that Fund.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS. Each Fund may also purchase put and call options
with respect to the S&P 500 and other stock indices. Such options may be
purchased as a hedge against changes resulting from market conditions in the
values of securities which are held in a Fund's portfolio or which it intends to
purchase or sell, or when they are economically appropriate for the reduction of
risks inherent in the ongoing management of a Fund.
The distinctive characteristics of options on stock indices create
certain risks that are not present with stock options generally. Because the
value of an index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather
than the price of a particular stock, whether a Fund will realize a gain or loss
on the purchase or sale of an option on an index depends upon movements in the
level of stock prices in the stock market generally rather than movements in the
price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by a Fund of options on
a stock index would be subject to the Advisor's ability to predict correctly
movements in the direction of the stock market generally. This requires
different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of
individual stocks.
Index prices may be distorted if trading of certain stocks included in
the index is interrupted. Trading of index options also may be interrupted in
certain circumstances, such as if trading were halted in a substantial number of
stocks included in the index. If this were to occur, a Fund would not be able to
close out options which it had purchased, and if restrictions on exercise were
imposed, that Fund might be unable to exercise an option it holds, which could
result in substantial losses to that Fund. It is the policy of the Funds to
purchase put or call options only with respect to an index which the Advisor
believes includes a sufficient number of stocks to minimize the likelihood of a
trading halt in the index.
B-5
<PAGE>
RISKS OF INVESTING IN OPTIONS. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options on securities and indices. Options may be more volatile
than the underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an
investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment
in the underlying instruments themselves. There are also significant differences
between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect
correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve
its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may
be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient
trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange
on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts,
suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular
classes or series of option of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen
circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of
an exchange or clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle
current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other
reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading
of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the
secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would
cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing
corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be
exercisable in accordance with their terms.
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the
exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be
unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The
extent to which a Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by the
Internal Revenue Code requirements for qualification as a regulated investment
company. See "Dividends, Distributions and Taxes."
DEALER OPTIONS. Each Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer
options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain risks are specific to dealer
options. While the Funds might look to a clearing corporation to exercise
exchange-traded options, if a Fund were to purchase a dealer option it would
need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to perform if the
option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would result in the loss
of the premium paid by a Fund as well as loss of the expected benefit of the
transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options may not. Consequently, a Fund may generally be able to realize
the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling
the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when a Fund writes a dealer
option, that Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its
expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer
to whom that Fund originally wrote the option. While a Fund will seek to enter
into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected
to be capable of entering into closing transactions with that Fund, there can be
no assurance that a Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option
at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless a Fund, as a
covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase
transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used
as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of
the other party, a Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With respect
to options written by a Fund, the inability to enter into a closing transaction
may result in material losses to that Fund. For example, because a Fund must
maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a security it
writes, that Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to secure the
position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may impair
that Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale might
be advantageous.
The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities. A
Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the dealer
agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for a
maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the
dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum
purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option. With
that exception, however, a Fund will treat dealer options as subject to that
Fund's limitation on unmarketable securities. If the Commission changes its
position on the liquidity of dealer options, each Fund will change its treatment
of such instruments accordingly.
B-6
<PAGE>
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
Each Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers that are publicly
traded in the United States. Each Fund may also invest in depositary receipts.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS. Certain foreign countries may have less
supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less
financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United
States.
TAXES. The interest payable on certain of a Fund's foreign portfolio
securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus reducing the net
amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's shareholders.
RISK FACTORS REGARDING EMERGING MARKETS INVESTMENTS. Investments in
securities issued by the governments of emerging or developing countries, and of
companies within those countries, involves greater risks than other foreign
investments. Investments in emerging or developing markets involve exposure to
economic and legal structures that are generally less diverse and mature (and in
some cases the absence of developed legal structures governing private and
foreign investments and private property), and to political systems which can be
expected to have less stability, than those of more developed countries. The
risks of investment in such countries may include matters such as relatively
unstable governments, higher degrees of government involvement in the economy,
the absence until recently of capital market structures or market-oriented
economies, economies based on only a few industries, securities markets which
trade only a small number of securities, restrictions on foreign investment in
stocks, and significant foreign currency devaluations and fluctuations. Emerging
markets can be substantially more volatile than both U.S. and more developed
foreign markets. Such volatility may be exacerbated by illiquidity. The average
daily trading volume in all of the emerging markets combined is a small fraction
of the average daily volume of the U.S. market. Small trading volumes may result
in a Fund being forced to purchase securities at substantially higher prices
than the current market, or to sell securities at much lower prices than the
current market.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign
company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the
particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of
securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also
factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of
the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which a
Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts
will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the
prospectus, depending on the Advisor's assessment of prevailing market, economic
and other conditions.
B-7
<PAGE>
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, a Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund holding
the repurchase agreement will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from
a sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase price under the
agreement. Bankruptcy or insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the
Fund's rights with respect to such securities to be delayed or limited.
Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
Each Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward
commitment or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will set
aside liquid assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account.
Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a
purchase commitment. In such a case, a Fund may be required subsequently to set
aside additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains
equal to the amount of that Fund's commitment. It may be expected that a Fund's
net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio
securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Funds do not intend to engage in these transactions for speculative
purposes but only in furtherance of their investment objectives. Because a Fund
will set aside liquid assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in the manner
described, that Fund's liquidity and the ability of the Advisor to manage it may
be affected in the event that Fund's forward commitments, commitments to
purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever exceeded 15% of the
value of its net assets.
A Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment or
delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the transaction.
If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Fund may
dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into, and may sell
securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to
that Fund on the settlement date. In these cases a Fund may realize a taxable
capital gain or loss. When a Fund engages in when-issued, forward commitment and
delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other party to consummate the
trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in a Fund's incurring a loss or
missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of a Fund starting on the day that Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. A Fund does not earn interest on the securities it has
committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the settlement
date.
BORROWING
Each Fund is authorized to borrow money from time to time for
temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions
in amounts up to 5% of the value of its total assets at the time of such
borrowings.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
Each Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets
in securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual
restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the
amount of illiquid securities in each Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of
the Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
B-8
<PAGE>
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities, and a Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption within
seven days. A Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in
order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse
market conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of each Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of a Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of a Fund represented at a
meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of that Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, each Fund is diversified; I.E., as
to 75% of the value of a its total assets: (i) no more than 5% of the value of
its total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than
U.S. Government securities); and (ii) the Fund may not purchase more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of an issuer. Each Fund's investment objective
is also fundamental.
In addition, each Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of
its total assets (not including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction
shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short
sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions and except that the Fund may
borrow money from banks to purchase securities;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
B-9
<PAGE>
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except
that a Fund may invest in stock index, currency and financial futures contracts
and related options in accordance with any rules of the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission; or
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements).
Each Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
Each Fund may not:
1. Borrow money or pledge its assets, except that the Fund may borrow
on an unsecured basis from banks for temporary or emergency purposes or for the
clearance of transactions in amounts not exceeding 5% of its total assets (not
including the amount borrowed);
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions;
3. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law;
4. Invest more than 15% of its assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to be liquid);
5. Sell securities short;
6. Invest in stock index futures, currency or financial futures or
related options; or
7. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter Auch, Sr.(Born 1921) Trustee Director, Nicholas-Applegate Mutual Funds, Brinson Funds
6001 N. 62d Place (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco Advisors L.P.,
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land Fund II and Legend Properties.
Eric Banhazl (Born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration
2025 E. Financial Way President and Corporation; Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.; Assistant
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer Treasurer, RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guiness Flight
Investment Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald O'Connor (Born 1936) Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating 1700
Taylor Avenue Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until January, 1997),
Fort Washington MD, 20744 Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until
June, 1993).
</TABLE>
B-10
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
George Wofford III Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan Bank of
(Born 1939) San Francisco (since March, 1993); formerly Director of
305 Glendora Circle Management Information Services, Morrison & Foerster (law firm).
Danville, CA 94526
Steven J. Paggioli Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
(Born 1950) President and Investment Company Administration Corporation; Vice
479 W. 22nd Street President First Fund Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee,
New York, NY 10011 Professionally Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert H. Wadsworth Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment
(Born 1940) President Company Administration Corporation and First Fund Distributors,
4455 E. Camelback Road Inc.; Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios;
Suite 261E President, Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Phoenix,
AZ 85018 Germany Fund, Inc., New Germany Fund, Inc., Central
European Equity Fund, Inc. and Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris O. Kissack (Born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration Corporation
4455 E. Camelback Road (since July, 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from
Suite 261E August, 1995 until July, 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August, 1995).
</TABLE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST
- ----------------- -------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 1998, trustees' fees and expenses in the
amount of $7,640 were allocated to the Funds. The Trust has no pension or
retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation
to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Funds in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of each Fund as set forth in each Fund's and the Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Funds' prospectus, Statement of Additional
Information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to Advisor. In providing such services, Advisor shall at all times adhere to the
provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities laws, applicable
state securities laws, the Internal Revenue Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish each Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of each Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of each Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in each Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of each Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under this Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as officers
of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust. Without
limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the Advisor
shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor to
furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information, advice
regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to technical and
scientific developments, and such other information, advice and assistance as
the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and reasonably request.
With respect to the operation of each Fund, the Advisor has agreed to be
responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra copies of the
Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales and
advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees attendant
thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders); and the
costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings convened
for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
B-11
<PAGE>
As compensation for the Advisor's services, each Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of each Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
recordkeeping agent, shareholder services agent and accounting services agent;
interest charges on any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and
calculating its daily net asset value and of maintaining its books of account
required under the Investment Company Act; taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of
expenditures in connection with meetings of the Fund's shareholders and the
Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly payable by each Fund; salaries and
expenses of officers and fees and expenses of members of the Trust's Board of
Trustees or members of any advisory board or committee who are not members of,
affiliated with or interested persons of the Advisor or Administrator; insurance
premiums on property or personnel of each Fund which inure to its benefit,
including liability and fidelity bond insurance; the cost of preparing and
printing reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and Statements of Additional
Information of each Fund or other communications for distribution to existing
shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association dues; fees
and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining registration
of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and foreign securities
laws; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including
all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing,
redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other
charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring
expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund operating
expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual operating
expenses to the limit set forth in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any
such reductions made by the Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are
the Fund's obligation are subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor,
if so requested by the Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate
amount actually paid by the Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal
year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable
limitation on Fund expenses. The Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for
fee reductions and expense payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but
is permitted to look back five years and four years, respectively, during the
initial six years and seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such
reimbursement is also contingent upon Board of Trustees subsequent review and
ratification of the reimbursed amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior
to the Fund's payment of current ordinary operating expenses.
During the period beginning November 3, 1997 through September 30,
1998, the Advisor earned $9,321 and $6,813 in advisory fees for The Rockhaven
Fund and The Rockhaven Premier Dividend Fund, respectively. The Advisor
voluntarily agreed to limit total fund operating expenses to 1.50% of average
net assets annually for both Funds. As a result of that limitation, the Advisor
waived the full amount of its fee and paid Fund operating expenses in the amount
of $78,322 and $82,550, for The Rockhaven Fund and The Rockhaven Premier
Dividend Fund, respectively.
B-12
<PAGE>
The Advisor is controlled by Christopher H. Wiles and AmSouth
Bancorporation.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust for any error of judgment by the Advisor for any loss sustained by the
Trust except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the
receipt of compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be
limited as provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or
gross negligence by reason of reckless disregard of its obligations and duties
under the applicable agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years from the date each Fund commenced operations. Thereafter, if not
terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue automatically for successive
annual periods, provided that such continuance is specifically approved at least
annually (i) by a majority vote of the Independent Trustees cast in person at a
meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board
of Trustees or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of
that Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the
Trust at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust
agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary
financial and other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv)
preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary to register or
maintain the Trust's registration and/or the registration of the shares of the
Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of the various states selected by
the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing fees or other similar fees in
connection therewith); (v) responding to all inquiries or other communications
of shareholders, if any, which are directed to the Administrator, or if any such
inquiry or communication is more properly to be responded to by the Trust's
custodian, transfer agent or accounting services agent, overseeing their
response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships between the Trust and any
custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting services agent(s), including the
negotiation of agreements and the supervision of the performance of such
agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any of the Administrator's
directors, officers and employees who may be elected as Trustees or officers of
the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are elected. All services to
be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be furnished through
the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the Administrator.
The Administrator is an affiliate of the Distributor. For its services, the
Administrator receives a fee monthly at the following annual rate:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund may
pay distribution and related expenses up to 0.50% of its average net assets to
the Advisor as distribution coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid include
preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports such as
semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters, sales
literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct mail
solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales personnel,
advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to the
distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
B-13
<PAGE>
The Plan allows excess distribution expenses to be carried forward by
the Advisor, as distribution coordinator, and resubmitted in a subsequent fiscal
year, provided that (i) distribution expenses cannot be carried forward for more
than three years following initial submission; (ii) the Trustees have made a
determination at the time of initial submission that the distribution expenses
are appropriate to be carried forward and (iii) the Trustees make a further
determination, at the time any distribution expenses which have been carried
forward are submitted for payment, that payment at the time is appropriate,
consistent with the objectives of the Plan and in the current best interests of
shareholders.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually.
During the period beginning November 2, 1997 and ending September 30,
1998, the Fund paid the Distribution Coordinator distribution fees totaling
$3,107 for The Rockhaven Fund and $2,271 for The Rockhaven Premier Dividend
Fund.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of each Fund on
a continuing basis. The price to a Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused a Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
that Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of a Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom such allocations
have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also authorized to
consider sales of shares of a Fund as a factor in the selection of brokers or
dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the requirements of best
execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to execute the order
promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of a Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor (or
proprietary accounts of the Advisor), the Advisor, to the extent permitted by
applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be so purchased
or sold in order to obtain the most favorable price or lower brokerage
commissions and the most efficient execution. In such event, allocation of the
securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the
transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner it considers to be the
most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and to
such other clients.
B-14
<PAGE>
Brokerage commissions paid during the period beginning November 3, 1997
and ending September 30, 1998, aggregated $5,266 and $4,815, for The Rockhaven
Fund and The Rockhaven Premier Dividend Fund, respectively.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of each Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (generally
4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The Exchange annually announces the
days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent announcement
indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New Year's Day, Martin
Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence
Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However, the Exchange may
close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by a Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest and
dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including accrued
expenses) by the total number of shares in that Fund outstanding at such time.
Generally, trading in and valuation of foreign securities is
substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the
NYSE. In addition, trading in and valuation of foreign securities may not take
place on every day in which the NYSE is open for trading. In that case, the
price used to determine a Fund's net asset value on the last day on which such
exchange was open will be used, unless the Trust's Board of Trustees determines
that a different price should be used. Furthermore, trading takes place in
various foreign markets on days in which the NYSE is not open for trading and on
which a Fund's net asset value is not calculated. Occasionally, events affecting
the values of such securities in U.S. dollars on a day on which the Fund
calculates its net asset value may occur between the times when such securities
are valued and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the
computation of a Fund's net asset value unless the Board or its delegates deem
that such events would materially affect the net asset value, in which case an
adjustment would be made.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
All other assets of the Funds are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
B-15
<PAGE>
TAXATION
Each Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all
applicable requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification
of its assets, and the timing of its distributions. Each Fund's policy is to
distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and
any net realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies
with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that a Fund will not be
subject to any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the
Board may elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under
the circumstances, in the best interests of a Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
B-16
<PAGE>
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
B-17
<PAGE>
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
B-18
<PAGE>
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Funds' advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
For the period from November 3, 1997 (commencement of operations)
through September 30, 1998, The Rockhaven Fund and the Premier Dividend Fund had
Total Returns of (1.61)% and (0.10)%, respectively.
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Funds' advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing a Fund's investment income for
a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of shares
outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
B-19
<PAGE>
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a-b" in the above formula), each Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
For the period from November 3, 1997 (commencement of operations)
through September 30, 1998, The Rockhaven Fund and the Premier Dividend Fund had
Yields of 3.47% and 4.27%, respectively.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Funds quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
a Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or less
than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional materials a
Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper Analytical
Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc. ("CDA"). A Fund
also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance rankings and other
data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels, published by Lipper or
CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer to discussions of a
Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported in independent
periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, MONEY
Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company
organized as a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware
on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 14 effective series of
shares of beneficial interest, par value of 0.01 per share. The Declaration of
Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional
shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater
or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the Funds. Each share represents an interest in a Fund
proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon a Fund's
liquidation, all shareholders of that Fund would share pro rata in the net
assets of that Fund available for distribution to shareholders. Income and
operating expenses not specifically attributable to a particular Fund will be
allocated fairly among the Funds by the Trustees, generally on the basis of the
relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
B-20
<PAGE>
The Funds' custodian, Star Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, P.O.
Box 5536, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts as the Fund's accounting services agent. The
Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555 Fifth Avenue, New
York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports to the Securities
and Exchange Commission and the Funds' tax returns.
Shares of the Funds owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at November 18, 1998.
On November 18, 1998, the following additional persons owned of record
and/or beneficially more than 5% of The Rockhaven Fund's outstanding voting
securities:
Lawrence R. Garlock, Janice O. Garlock, JT TEN, 303 Churchill Road,
Greensburg, PA 15601; 16.50% record.
On November 18, 1998, the following additional persons owned of record
and/or beneficially more than 5% of The Rockhaven Premier Dividend Fund's
outstanding voting securities:
Linda L. Murray, R.D. Box 34, Valley Grove, WV 26060; 7.33% record.
Lawrence R. Garlock, Janice O. Garlock, JT TEN, 303 Churchill Road,
Greensburg, PA 15601; 23.67% record.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa---Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
BA -- Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their
future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest
and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded
during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position
characterizes bonds in this class.
B -- Bonds rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable
investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or maintenance of other
terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
CAA -- Bonds rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in
default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or
interest.
B-21
<PAGE>
CA -- Bonds rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a
high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
short-comings.
C -- Bonds rated C are the lowest-rated class of bonds, and such issues
can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real
investment standing.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers, 1, 2, and 3, in each generic rating
classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond rating system. The
modified 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier
3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating
category.
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
AAA--This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA--Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A--Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB--Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
BB -- Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than
other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or
exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead
to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied BBB- rating.
B -- Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently
has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse
business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or
willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also
used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied
BB- rating.
CCC -- Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to
default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic
conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the
event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely
to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating
category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an
actual or implied B or B- Rating.
CC -- Debt rated CC is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior
debt which is assigned an actual or implied CCC debt rating.
C -- The Rating C is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior
debt which is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may
be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but
debt service payments are continued.
The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or
minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
B-22
<PAGE>
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B-23
<PAGE>
CHASE GROWTH FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated November 30, 1998
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and it should be
read in conjunction with the prospectus dated November 30, 1998, as may be
amended from time to time, of the Chase Growth Fund (the "Fund"), a series of
Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). Chase Investment Counsel Corp. (the
"Adviser") is the Adviser to the Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained
from the Fund at 300 Preston Avenue, Suite 403, Charlottesville, VA
22902-5091; telephone (888) 861-7556.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ....... B-2 Investment Objective and
Policies
Management .............................. B-7 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .... B-10 Management of the Fund
Net Asset Value ......................... B-11 Investor Guide
Taxation ................................ B-11 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ............. B-14 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information ................. B-15 General Information
General Information ..................... B-16 General Information
Appendix ................................ B-16 Not applicable
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is growth of capital. There is no
assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective. The discussion below
supplements information contained in the prospectus as to investment policies
of the Fund.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in convertible securities. A convertible security
is a fixed income security (a debt instrument or a preferred stock) which may be
converted at a stated price within a specified period of time into a certain
quantity of the common stock of the same or a different issuer. Convertible
securities are senior to common stocks in an issuer's capital structure, but are
usually subordinated to similar non-convertible securities. While providing a
fixed income stream (generally higher in yield than the income derivable from
common stock but lower than that afforded by a similar nonconvertible security),
a convertible security also gives an investor the opportunity, through its
conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing
company depending upon a market price advance in the convertible security's
underlying common stock.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
BANK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic banks or financial institutions which
at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on
latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of
such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S. Government.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Adviser to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are
described in the Appendix.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
B-2
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. The Fund
may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of
daily cash positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees a Fund
bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear
its pro rata portions of each other investment company's advisory and
operational expenses.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, provided that
they are publicly traded in the United States.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
B-3
<PAGE>
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign
company, the Adviser considers such factors as the characteristics of the
particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of
securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also
factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of
the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which a
Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts
will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the
prospectus, depending on the Adviser's assessment of prevailing market, economic
and other conditions.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES
PURCHASING PUT OPTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered "put" options
with respect to securities which the Fund holds. The Fund will engage in trading
of such derivative securities exclusively for hedging purposes.
If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option (for "American-style" options) or on the option expiration date (for
"European-style" options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio
investment strategy when the Adviser perceives significant short-term risk but
substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option
acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price
movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement. If the Fund
is holding a security which it feels has strong fundamentals, but for some
reason may be weak in the near term, the Fund may purchase a put option on such
security, thereby giving itself the right to sell such security at a certain
strike price throughout the term of the option. Consequently, the Fund will
exercise the put only if the price of such security falls below the strike price
of the put. The difference between the put's strike price and the market price
of the underlying security on the date the Fund exercises the put, less
transaction costs, will be the amount by which the Fund will be able to hedge
against a decline in the underlying security. If during the period of the option
the market price for the underlying security remains at or above the put's
strike price, the put will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price
the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction costs. If the price of the
underlying security increases, the profit the Fund realizes on the sale of the
security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount
for which the put may be sold.
Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has
remaining value by a purchaser through a "closing sale transaction," which is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously
purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the
Adviser believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing
transactions.
WRITING CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security
with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting
a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale
of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the
Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on
which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior
to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
B-4
<PAGE>
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN OPTIONS. There are risks associated with
transactions in options on securities. Options may be more volatile than the
underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in
options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the
underlying securities themselves. In addition, a liquid secondary market for
particular options may be absent for reasons which include the following: there
may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be
imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both;
trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to
particular classes or series of options of underlying securities; unusual or
unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the
facilities of an exchange or clearing corporation may not at all times be
adequate to handle current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for
economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to
discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options),
in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series
of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been
issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would
continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Adviser, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will set aside cash or
liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate
account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy
a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to
place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy
its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the
ability of the Adviser to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's
forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
B-5
<PAGE>
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of
its total assets (not including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction
shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short
sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions and except that the Fund may
borrow money from banks to purchase securities;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law;
2. Invest in securities which are restricted as to disposition or
otherwise are illiquid or have no readily available market (except for
securities which are determined by the Board of Trustees to be liquid);
3. Make loans of securities; or
B-6
<PAGE>
4. Notwithstanding fundamental restriction 1 above, borrow money,
except from banks for temporary or emergency purposes, and in amounts not to
exceed 5% of total net assets, and subject to the further restriction that no
additional investment in securities will be made while any such loan is
outstanding.
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Adviser, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and
principal occupations during the past five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter E. Auch, Sr.(born 1921) Trustee Director, Geotech Communications, Inc., Nicholas-Applegate
6001 N. 62d Place Investment Trust, Brinson Funds (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Fund, Pimco Advisors L.P., Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land
Fund II and Legend Properties.
Eric M. Banhazl (born 1953)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration
2025 E. Financial Way President and Corporation; Vice President, First Fund Distributors; Asst. Treasurer,
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight Investment
Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald E. O'Connor (born 1936) Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
1700 Taylor Avenue Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until January, 1997), Vice
Fort Washington MD, 20744 President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until June,
1993).
George T. Wofford III (born 1939) Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan Bank of
305 Glendora Circle San Francisco (since March, 1993); formerly Director of Management
Danville, CA 94526 Information Services, Morrison & Foerster (law firm).
Steven J. Paggioli (born 1950) Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
479 W. 22d Street President and Investment Company Administration Corporation; Vice President
New York, NY 10011 First Fund Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee, Professionally
Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert H. Wadsworth (born 1940) Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment
4455 E. Camelback Road President Company Administration Corporation and First Fund Distributors,
Suite 261E Inc.; Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios; President,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund,
Inc., New Germany Fund, Inc. and Central European Equity Fund, Inc.
Chris O. Kissack (born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration Corporation (since
4455 E. Camelback Road, 261E July, 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from August,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 1995 until July, 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August, 1995).
</TABLE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
B-7
<PAGE>
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST*
- ----------------- --------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
*Estimated for the current fiscal year. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 1998,
the aggregate compensation paid by the Trust to each Trustee was $8,500. The
Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the
Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
THE ADVISER
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Adviser, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Adviser. In providing such services, the Adviser shall at all times
adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Adviser has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Adviser has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Adviser may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Adviser shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Adviser
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Adviser or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Adviser has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales
and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Adviser.
As compensation for the Adviser's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Adviser and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Adviser or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other
communications for distribution to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and
accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expenses (including legal
fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for sale under
federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; all expenses of
maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all charges for
transfer, shareholder record keeping, dividend disbursing, redemption, and other
agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other charges and costs of
its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as
otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
B-8
<PAGE>
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund operating
expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual operating
expenses to the limit set forth in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any
such reductions made by the Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are
the Fund's obligation are subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor,
if so requested by the Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate
amount actually paid by the Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal
year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable
limitation on Fund expenses. The Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for
fee reductions and expense payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but
is permitted to look back five years and four years, respectively, during the
initial six years and seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such
reimbursement is also contingent upon Board of Trustees subsequent review and
ratification of the reimbursed amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior
to the Fund's payment of current ordinary operating expenses.
During the period beginning December 2, 1997 and ending September 30,
1998, the Advisor earned $23,959 in advisory fees. The Advisor voluntarily
agreed to limit total fund operating expenses to 1.48% of average net assets
annually. As a result of that limitation, the Advisor waived the full amount of
its fee and paid Fund operating expenses in the amount of $36,774.
The Advisor is controlled by Derwood Chase, Jr.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Adviser. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Adviser on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust
agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary
financial and other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv)
preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer
and sale of the shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of
the various states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing
fees or other similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all
inquiries or other communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to
the Administrator, or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to
be responded to by the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services
agent, overseeing their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships
between the Trust and any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting
services agent(s), including the negotiation of agreements and the supervision
of the performance of such agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any
of the Administrator's directors, officers and employees who may be elected as
Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are
elected. All services to be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement
may be furnished through the medium of any such directors, officers or employees
of the Administrator.
B-9
<PAGE>
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the following
annual rate:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Adviser shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Adviser shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Adviser without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Adviser's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Adviser may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Adviser and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Adviser shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Adviser
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Adviser determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Adviser's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Adviser is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Adviser, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Adviser shall determine, and the Adviser shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Adviser and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Adviser is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Adviser,
the Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Adviser in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
B-10
<PAGE>
Brokerage commissions paid during the period beginning December 2, 1997
and ending September 30, 1998, aggregated $7,311.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Adviser and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. If
an options exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset
value.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all applicable
requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification of its
assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to distribute
to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net
realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the Board may
elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under the
circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
B-11
<PAGE>
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
B-12
<PAGE>
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
B-13
<PAGE>
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
B-14
<PAGE>
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
For the period from December 2, 1997 (commencement of operations)
through September 30, 1998, the Chase Growth Fund had a total return of 6.91%
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or indicate future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
B-15
<PAGE>
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company
organized as a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware
on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 13 effective series of
shares of beneficial interest, par value of 0.01 per share. The Declaration of
Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional
shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater
or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund
proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund's
liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund
available for distribution to shareholders.
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created thirteen series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, each of which have
separate assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's custodian, Star Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, 150
Motor Parkway Suite 109, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts as the Fund's accounting
services agent. The Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555
Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports
to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at November 18, 1998. On November 18, 1998, the following
additional persons owned of record and/or beneficially more than 5% of Chase
Growth Fund's outstanding voting securities:
Derwood S. Chase Jr., 300 Preston Avenue, Suite 403, Charlottesville,
VA 22902; 17.30% record.
Ralph Stow IRA, Star Bank N.A. Custodian, 8027 Old Dominion Drive,
McLean, VA 22102; 14.74% record.
Chase Foundation of Virginia, UTA Derwood S. Chase Jr., Johanna B
Chase, Stuart F. Chase, TTEES D/T/D 9-1-95, 300 Preston Avenue, Suite
403, Charlottesville, VA 22902; 11.54% record.
Robert C. Miller IRA, Star Bank N.A. Custodian, P.O. Box 374, Fork
Union, VA 23055; 8.56% record.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
B-16
<PAGE>
Aa---Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" to both the Aaa
and Aa rating classifications. The modifier "1" indicates that the security
ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier "2"
indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier "3" indicates that the issue
ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
AAA--This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA--Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A--Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB--Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B-17
<PAGE>
EDGAR LOMAX VALUE FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated March 1, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus. It should be read
in conjunction with the prospectus dated March 1, 1999, as may be amended from
time to time, of the Edgar Lomax Value Fund (the "Fund"), a series of Advisors
Series Trust (the "Trust"). The Edgar Lomax Company (the "Advisor") is the
Advisor to the Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained from the Fund at
6564 Loisdale Court, Suite 310, Springfield, VA 22150; telephone (888) 263-6438.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Investment Policies .................................................... B-2
Management ............................................................. B-6
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage ................................... B-10
Net Asset Value ........................................................ B-11
Taxation ............................................................... B-11
Dividends and Distributions ............................................ B-14
Performance Information ................................................ B-15
General Information .................................................... B-16
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT POLICIES
This discussion supplements information contained in the prospectus as to
investment policies of the Fund.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES, EQUITY-LINKED DERIVATIVES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible securities, equity-linked
derivatives and warrants. A convertible security is a fixed income security (a
debt instrument or a preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price
within a specified period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of
the same or a different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common
stocks in an issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a
market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
Standard & Poor's ("S&P") Depository Receipts ("SPDRs") and S&P's
MidCap 400 Depository Receipts ("MidCap SPDRs") are considered Equity-Linked
Derivatives. Each of these instruments are derivative securities whose value
follows a well-known securities index or basket of securities.
SPDRs and MidCap SPDRs are designed to follow the performance of S&P
500 Index and the S&P MidCap 400 Index, respectively. Because the prices of
SPDRs and MidCap SPDRs are correlated to diversified portfolios, they are
subject to the risk that the general level of stock prices may decline or that
the underlying indices decline. In addition, because SPDRs, MidCap SPDRs will
continue to be traded even when trading is halted in component stocks of the
underlying indices, price quotations for these securities may, at times, be
based upon non-current price information with respect to some or even all of the
stocks in the underlying indices.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
BANK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
B-2
<PAGE>
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in the Appendix.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in shares of other
investment companies. The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in
connection with its management of daily cash positions. In addition to the
advisory and operational fees a Fund bears directly in connection with its own
operation, the Fund would also bear its pro rata portions of each other
investment company's advisory and operational expenses.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may make short-term investments in
U.S. Government obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills,
certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as
the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the
United States, Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation,
Farmers Home Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate
Credit Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing
Administration, Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home
Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these
governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned
on a sovereign debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic
performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet
such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties'
commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such
debtor's ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
B-3
<PAGE>
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES. The Fund may invest in securities
of foreign issuers, provided that they are publicly traded in the United States.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements
with respect to its portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund
acquires securities from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers
as are deemed to be creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's
agreement to repurchase and the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a
mutually agreed upon date and price. The repurchase price generally equals the
price paid by the Fund plus interest negotiated on the basis of current
short-term rates (which may be more or less than the rate on the underlying
portfolio security). Securities subject to repurchase agreements will be held by
the Custodian or in the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an
equivalent foreign system. The seller under a repurchase agreement will be
required to maintain the value of the underlying securities at not less than
102% of the repurchase price under the agreement. If the seller defaults on its
repurchase obligation, the Fund will suffer a loss to the extent that the
proceeds from a sale of the underlying securities are less than the repurchase
price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or insolvency of such a defaulting seller
may cause the Fund's rights with respect to such securities to be delayed or
limited. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
B-4
<PAGE>
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS.
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment or
delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will segregate liquid
assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally,
the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase
commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to segregate
additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal
to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It may be expected that the Fund's net
assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio
securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase
commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of the
Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's forward
commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value
of its net assets in securities that at the time of purchase have legal or
contractual restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will
monitor the amount of illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the
supervision of the Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the
Fund's investment restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests
within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted
securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and
delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of
securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
B-5
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of
its total assets (not including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction
shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions and except that the Fund may
borrow money from banks to purchase securities;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law;
2. Invest more than 15% of its assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to be liquid);
3. Sell securities short;
4. Make loans of securities; or
5. Notwithstanding fundamental restriction 1 above, borrow money,
except from banks for temporary or emergency purposes, and in amounts not to
exceed 5% of total net assets, and subject to the further restriction that no
additional investment in securities will be made while any such loan is
outstanding.
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
B-6
<PAGE>
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and
principal occupations during the past five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter Auch, Sr. (Born 1921) Trustee Director, Nicholas-Applegate Mutual Funds, Brinson Funds
6001 N. 62d Place (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco Advisors L.P.,
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land Fund II and Legend Properties.
Eric Banhazl (Born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration, LLC;
2025 E. Financial Way President and Vice President, First Fund Distributors; Assistant,
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer Treasurer, RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight
Investment Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald O'Connor (Born 1936) Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating 1700
Taylor Avenue Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until January, 1997), Fort
Washington, MD, 20744 Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until
June, 1993).
George Wofford III (Born 1939) Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan Bank of
305 Glendora Circle San Francisco (since March, 1993); formerly Director of
Danville, CA 94526 Management Information Services, Morrison & Foerster (law firm).
Steven Paggioli (Born 1950) Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
479 W. 22nd Street President and Investment Company Administration, LLC; Vice
New York, NY 10011 President First Fund Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee,
Professionally Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert Wadsworth (Born 1940) Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment
4455 E. Camelback Road President Company Administration, LLC and First Fund Distributors,
Suite 261E Inc.; Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios; President,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund,
Inc., New Germany Fund., Central European Equity Fund, Inc. and
Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris Moser (Born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration, LLC
4455 E. Camelback Road (since July, 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from
Suite 261E August until July, 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August, 1995).
</TABLE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST*
- ----------------- --------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
B-7
<PAGE>
*For the calendar-year ended December 31, 1998. The Trust has no pension or
retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation
to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Advisor. In providing such services, the Advisor shall at all times
adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vii) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales
and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other
communications for distribution to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and
accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expenses (including legal
fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for sale under
federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; all expenses of
maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all charges for
transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing, redemption, and other
agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other charges and costs of
its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as
otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
B-8
<PAGE>
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back
five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years and
seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent
upon Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed
amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of
current ordinary operating expenses.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
During the period beginning December 12, 1997 and ending October 31,
1998, the Advisor earned $23,571 in advisory fees. The Advisor has contractually
agreed to limit total fund operating expenses to 1.75% of average net assets
annually. As a result of that limitation, the Advisor waived the full amount of
its fee and paid Fund operating expenses in the amount of $45,516.
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust
agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary
financial and other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv)
preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer
and sale of the shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of
the various states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing
fees or other similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all
inquiries or other communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to
the Administrator, or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to
be responded to by the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services
agent, overseeing their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships
between the Trust and any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting
services agent(s), including the negotiation of agreements and the supervision
of the performance of such agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any
of the Administrator's directors, officers and employees who may be elected as
Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are
elected.
B-9
<PAGE>
All services to be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be
furnished through the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the
Administrator. For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly
at the following annual rate:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
Brokerage commissions paid during the period beginning December 12,
1997, and ending October 31, 1998.
totaled $5,438.
B-10
<PAGE>
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all applicable
requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification of its
assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to distribute
to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net
realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the Board may
elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under the
circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
B-11
<PAGE>
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
B-12
<PAGE>
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
B-13
<PAGE>
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
B-14
<PAGE>
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
For the period from December 12, 1997, (commencement of operations)
through October 31, 1998, the Fund had a total return of 7.89%.
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to
the following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper"), Morningstar, Inc. or CDA Investment
Technologies, Inc. ("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual
fund performance rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and
fee levels, published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials
also may refer to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and
ratings reported in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE
WALL STREET JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and
Barron's.
B-15
<PAGE>
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on October 3,
1996. The Trust has no business history prior to the offering of the first of
its series of shares. The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an
unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to
divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without
thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share
represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each
other share. Upon the Fund's liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata
in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created several series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, which have separate
assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's principal underwriter is First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455
E. Camelback Road, Suite 261E, Phoenix, AZ 85018.
The Fund's custodian, Star Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, P.O.
Box 5536, Hauppauge NY 11788 acts as the Fund's transfer agent and accounting
services agent. The Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555
Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports
to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
The Fund is a management, open-end, diversified investment company
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers of the Fund, as a
group, were less than 1% at December 9, 1998.
On December 9, 1998, the following persons owned of record and/or
beneficially more than 5% of the Fund's outstanding voting securities:
The Edgar Lomax Co., DTD: 09-01-1986, Randall R. Eley, President, 6564
Loisdale CT, Suite #310, Springfield, VA 22150; 45.00% of record.
Lomax Investment Limited Partnership, DTD 06-25-1990, Randall R. Eley,
Gen. Partner, 6564 Loisdale CT, Suite #310, Springfield, VA 22150; 24.16% of
record.
B-16
<PAGE>
THE AVATAR ADVANTAGE
EQUITY ALLOCATION FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated May 1, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and it
should be read in conjunction with the prospectus dated May 1, 1999, as may be
revised from time to time, of The Avatar Advantage Equity Allocation Fund (the
"Fund") and The Avatar Advantage Balanced Fund, each a series of Advisors Series
Trust (the "Trust"). Avatar Associates (the "Advisor") is the Advisor to the
Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained from the Fund by writing to 900
Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022 or by telephone at (888) 263-6452.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Investment Objectives and Policies ..................................... B-2
-Investment Strategies and Risks
-Fund Policies
Management of the Fund ................................................. B-14
Investment Advisory and Other Services ................................. B-15
Control Persons and Principal Holders
of Securities .......................................................... B-17
Distribution Arrangements .............................................. B-17
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage ................................... B-18
Net Asset Value ........................................................ B-18
Taxation ............................................................... B-19
Dividends and Distributions ............................................ B-22
Performance Information ................................................ B-22
General Information .................................................... B-23
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is long-term capital appreciation.
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective. The discussion
below supplements information contained in the prospectus as to investment
policies of the Fund. The Fund is a management, open-end, diversified investment
company.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a
market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the
possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in shares of other
investment companies. The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in
connection with its management of daily cash positions. In addition to the
advisory and operational fees a Fund bears directly in connection with its own
operation, the Fund would also bear its pro rata portions of each other
investment company's advisory and operational expenses.
BANK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
B-2
<PAGE>
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in the Appendix.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may make short-term investments in
U.S. Government obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills,
certificates of indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as
the Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the
United States, Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation,
Farmers Home Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate
Credit Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing
Administration, Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home
Loan Mortgage Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
SOVEREIGN DEBT OBLIGATIONS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES. The Fund may invest in
sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries. A sovereign debtor's
willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a timely manner may be
affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow situation, the extent
of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the
date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the
economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward principal international
lenders and the political constraints to which it may be subject. Emerging
market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such sovereign debtors
also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments,
multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal and interest
arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these governments,
agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a sovereign
debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the
timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet such conditions
could result in the cancellation of such third parties' commitments to lend
funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such debtor's ability or
willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
B-3
<PAGE>
MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related
securities are derivative interests in pools of mortgage loans made to U.S.
residential home buyers, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan
institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage
loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental,
government-related and private organizations. The Fund may also invest in debt
securities which are secured with collateral consisting of U.S. mortgage-related
securities, and in other types of U.S. mortgage-related securities.
U.S. MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH SECURITIES. Interests in pools of
mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which
normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with
principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these
securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and
principal payments. In effect, these payments are a "pass-through" of the
monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential mortgage
loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.
Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the
sale of the underlying residential property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of
fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as
securities issued by GNMA) are described as "modified pass-throughs." These
securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments
owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates
regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of U.S. mortgage-related
securities is GNMA, a wholly owned United States Government corporation within
the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to
guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the
timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions
approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and
mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal
Housing Agency or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.
Government-related guarantors include the Federal National Mortgage
Association ("FNMA") and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC").
FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private
stockholders and subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional residential mortgages not insured
or guaranteed by any government agency from a list of approved seller/services
which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations,
mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers.
FHLMC is a government-sponsored corporation created to increase availability of
mortgage credit for residential housing and owned entirely by private
stockholders. FHLMC issues participation certificates which represent interests
in conventional mortgages from FHLMC's national portfolio. Pass-through
securities issued by FNMA and participation certificates issued by FHLMC are
guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA and FHLMC,
respectively, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United
States Government.
Although the underlying mortgage loans in a pool may have maturities of
up to 30 years, the actual average life of the pool certificates typically will
be substantially less because the mortgages will be subject to normal principal
amortization and may be prepaid prior to maturity. Prepayment rates vary widely
and may be affected by changes in market interest rates. In periods of falling
interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the
actual average life of the pool certificates. Conversely, when interest rates
are rising, the rate of prepayments tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the
actual average life of the certificates. Accordingly, it is not possible to
predict accurately the average life of a particular pool.
B-4
<PAGE>
COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS ("CMOS"). A domestic or foreign CMO
in which the Fund may invest is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a
mortgage pass-through security. Like a bond, interest is paid, in most cases,
semiannually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more
typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities
guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, FNMA or equivalent
foreign entities.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different
stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life depend upon the prepayment
experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call
protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages
according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal and
interest received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments,
is first returned to the class having the earliest maturity date or highest
maturity. Classes that have longer maturity dates and lower seniority will
receive principal only after the higher class has been retired.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, provided that
they are publicly traded in the United States.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered "put"
and "call" options with respect to securities which are otherwise eligible for
purchase by the Fund subject to certain restrictions. The Fund will engage in
trading of such derivative securities exclusively for hedging purposes.
If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option (for "American-style" options) or on the option expiration date (for
"European-style" options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio
investment strategy when the Advisor perceives significant short-term risk but
substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option
acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price
movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement of the
underlying security held by the Fund. If the Fund is holding a security which it
feels has strong fundamentals, but for some reason may be weak in the near term,
the Fund may purchase a put option on such security, thereby giving itself the
right to sell such security at a certain strike price throughout the term of the
option. Consequently, the Fund will exercise the put only if the price of such
security falls below the strike price of the put. The difference between the
put's strike price and the market price of the underlying security on the date
the Fund exercises the put, less transaction costs, will be the amount by which
the Fund will be able to hedge against a decline in the underlying security. If
during the period of the option the market price for the underlying security
remains at or above the put's strike price, the put will expire worthless,
representing a loss of the price the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction
costs. If the price of the underlying security increases, the profit the Fund
realizes on the sale of the security will be reduced by the premium paid for the
put option less any amount for which the put may be sold.
B-5
<PAGE>
If the Fund purchases a call option, it acquires the right to purchase
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option. The purchase of a call option is a type of insurance policy to hedge
against losses that could occur if the Fund has a short position in the
underlying security and the security thereafter increases in price. The Fund
will exercise a call option only if the price of the underlying security is
above the strike price at the time of exercise. If during the option period the
market price for the underlying security remains at or below the strike price of
the call option, the option will expire worthless, representing a loss of the
price paid for the option, plus transaction costs. If the call option has been
purchased to hedge a short position of the Fund in the underlying security and
the price of the underlying security thereafter falls, the profit the Fund
realizes on the cover of the short position in the security will be reduced by
the premium paid for the call option less any amount for which such option may
be sold.
Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has
remaining value by a purchaser through a "closing sale transaction," which is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously
purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the
Advisor believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing
transactions.
WRITING CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security
with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting
a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale
of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the
Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on
which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior
to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
B-6
<PAGE>
RISKS OF INVESTING IN OPTIONS. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options on securities. Options may be more volatile than the
underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in
options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the
underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences between
the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation
between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective.
In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for
reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest
in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening
transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or
other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series
of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may
interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or
clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading
volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or
be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a
particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on
that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist,
although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a
result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance
with their terms.
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the
exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be
unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The
extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") requirements for qualification of
the Fund as a regulated investment company. See "Dividends and Distributions"
and "Taxation."
DEALER OPTIONS. The Fund will engage in transactions involving dealer
options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are
specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation
to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer
option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to
perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would
result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the
expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize
the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling
the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer
option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its
expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer
to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter
into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected
to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be
no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option
at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a
covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase
transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used
as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of
the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With
respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing
transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the
Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a
security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to
secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may
impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale
might be advantageous.
The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities.
The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the
dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for
a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the
dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum
purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's
limitation on illiquid securities. If the Commission changes its position on the
liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such
instruments accordingly.
SPREAD TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from
securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently
exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the
Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed
yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but
which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of
dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any
transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the
Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, I.E., the
yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection
is provided only during the life of the spread options.
B-7
<PAGE>
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS
The Fund may invest in futures contracts and options on futures
contracts as a hedge against changes in market conditions or interest rates. The
Fund will trade in such derivative securities for bona fide hedging purposes and
otherwise in accordance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC"). The Fund will segregate liquid assets in a separate account
with its Custodian when required to do so by CFTC guidelines in order to cover
its obligation in connection with futures and options transactions.
No price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a
futures contract. When it enters into a domestic futures contract, the Fund will
be required to deposit in a segregated account with its Custodian an amount of
cash or U.S. Treasury bills equal to approximately 5% of the contract amount.
This amount is known as initial margin. The margin requirements for foreign
futures contracts may be different.
The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from
that of margin in securities transactions. Futures contract margin does not
involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions.
Rather,
the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit
on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures
contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent
payments (called variation margin) to and from the broker will be made on a
daily basis as the price of the underlying stock index fluctuates, to reflect
movements in the price of the contract making the long and short positions in
the futures contract more or less valuable. For example, when the Fund has
purchased a stock index futures contract and the price of the underlying stock
index has risen, that position will have increased in value and the Fund will
receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in
value. Conversely, when the Fund has purchased a stock index futures contract
and the price of the underlying stock index has declined, the position will be
less valuable and the Fund will be required to make a variation margin payment
to the broker.
At any time prior to expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may
elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate
to terminate the Fund's position in the futures contract A final determination
of variation margin is made on closing the position. Additional cash is paid by
or released to the Fund, which realizes a loss or a gain.
In addition to amounts segregated or paid as initial and variation
margin, the Fund must segregate liquid assets with its custodian equal to the
market value of the futures contracts, in order to comply with Commission
requirements intended to ensure that the Fund's use of futures is unleveraged.
The requirements for margin payments and segregated accounts apply to both
domestic and foreign futures contracts.
STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may invest in futures contracts
on stock indices. Currently, stock index futures contracts can be purchased or
sold with respect to, among others, the S&P 500 Stock Price Index on the Chicago
Mercantile Exchange, the Major Market Index on the Chicago Board of Trade, the
New York Stock Exchange Composite Index on the New York Futures Exchange and the
Value Line Stock Index on the Kansas City Board of Trade.
INTEREST RATE OR FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may invest in
interest rate or financial futures contracts. Bond prices are established in
both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are
purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being
made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the
futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for
a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in
the futures markets have generally tended to move in the aggregate in concert
with cash market prices, and the prices have maintained fairly predictable
relationships.
B-8
<PAGE>
The sale of an interest rate or financial futures contract by the Fund
would create an obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver the specific type
of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for
a specified price. A futures contract purchased by the Fund would create an
obligation by the Fund, as purchaser, to take delivery of the specific type of
financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price. The specific
securities delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date, would not be
determined until at or near that date. The determination would be in accordance
with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase
was made.
Although interest rate or financial futures contracts by their terms
call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities, in most cases the
contracts are closed out before the settlement date without delivery of
securities. Closing out of a futures contract sale is effected by the Fund's
entering into a futures contract purchase for the same aggregate amount of the
specific type of financial instrument and the same delivery date. If the price
in the sale exceeds the price in the offsetting purchase, the Fund is paid the
difference and thus realizes a gain. If the offsetting purchase price exceeds
the sale price, the Fund pays the difference and realizes a loss. Similarly, the
closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the Fund's entering
into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase
price, the Fund realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the
offsetting sale price, the Fund realizes a loss.
The Fund will deal only in standardized contracts on recognized
exchanges. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions
through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange
membership. Domestic interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction
environment on the floors of several exchanges - principally, the Chicago Board
of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. A public market now exists in
domestic futures contracts covering various financial instruments including
long-term United States Treasury bonds and notes; GNMA modified pass-through
mortgage-backed securities; three-month United States Treasury bills; and 90-day
commercial paper. The Fund may trade in any futures contract for which there
exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing
instruments.
RISKS OF TRANSACTIONS IN FUTURES CONTRACTS. There are several risks
related to the use of futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of
the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract
and movements in the price of the securities which are the subject of the hedge.
The price of the future may move more or less than the price of the securities
being hedged. If the price of the future moves less than the price of the
securities which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully
effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an
unfavorable direction, the Fund would be in a better position than if it had not
hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a
favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the loss on the
future. If the price of the future moves more than the price of the hedged
securities, the Fund will experience either a loss or a gain on the future which
will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities which
are subject to the hedge.
To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price
of securities being hedged and movements in the price of the futures contract,
the Fund may buy or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the
dollar amount of securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the
prices of such securities has been greater than the historical volatility over
such time period of the future. Conversely, the Fund may buy or sell fewer
futures contracts if the historical volatility of the price of the securities
being hedged is less than the historical volatility of the futures contract
being used. It is possible that, when the Fund has sold futures to hedge its
portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance while the
value of securities held in the Fund's portfolio may decline. If this occurs,
the Fund will lose money on the future and also experience a decline in value in
its portfolio securities. However, the Advisor believes that over time the value
of a diversified portfolio will tend to move in the same direction as the market
indices upon which the futures are based.
Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the
price of securities before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash
equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly fashion, it is possible
that the market may decline instead. If the Fund then decides not to invest in
securities or options at that time because of concern as to possible further
market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures
contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of securities purchased.
B-9
<PAGE>
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect
correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures and the
securities being hedged, the price of futures may not correlate perfectly with
movement in the stock index or cash market due to certain market distortions.
All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and
maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit
requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the index or
cash market and futures markets. In addition, the deposit requirements in the
futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities
market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market
may also cause temporary price distortions. As a result of price distortions in
the futures market and the imperfect correlation between movements in the cash
market and the price of securities and movements in the price of futures, a
correct forecast of general trends by the Advisor may still not result in a
successful hedging transaction over a very short time frame.
Positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange or board of
trade which provides a secondary market for such futures. Although the Fund may
intend to purchase or sell futures only on exchanges or boards of trade where
there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a
liquid secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any
particular contract or at any particular time. In such event, it may not be
possible to close a futures position, and in the event of adverse price
movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of
variation margin. When futures contracts have been used to hedge portfolio
securities, such securities will not be sold until the futures contract can be
terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of the securities,
if any, may partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract.
However, as described above, there is no guarantee that the price of the
securities will in fact correlate with the price movements in the futures
contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a futures contract.
Most United States futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation
permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily
limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may
vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a
trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of
futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that
limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading
day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent
the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have
occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with
little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions
and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Successful use of futures by the Fund is also subject to the Advisor's
ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. For
example, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the
market adversely affecting stocks held in its portfolio and stock prices
increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased
value of the stocks which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses
in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has
insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin
requirements. Such sales of securities may be, but will not necessarily be, at
increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell
securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
In the event of the bankruptcy of a broker through which the Fund
engages in transactions in futures contracts or options, the Fund could
experience delays and losses in liquidating open positions purchased or sold
through the broker, and incur a loss of all or part of its margin deposits with
the broker.
OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. As described above, the Fund may purchase
options on the futures contracts they can purchase or sell. A futures option
gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy (call) from
or sell (put) to the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified
price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of
the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the
futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures
contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its
position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling, or
purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into
the closing transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that
such closing transactions can be effected.
Investments in futures options involve some of the same considerations
as investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid
secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk
that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully
reflected in the value of the option. Depending on the pricing of the option
compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the
price of the securities being hedged, an option may or may not be less risky
than ownership of the futures contract or such securities. In general, the
market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market
prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of
futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures
contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Fund because the
maximum amount at risk is limited to the premium paid for the options (plus
transaction costs).
B-10
<PAGE>
RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OR FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. The
Fund will not engage in transactions in futures contracts or related options for
speculation, but only as a hedge against changes resulting from market
conditions in the values of securities held in the Fund's portfolio or which it
intends to purchase and where the transactions are economically appropriate to
the reduction of risks inherent in the ongoing management of the Fund. The Fund
may not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options if, immediately
thereafter, more than 33% of its net assets would be hedged. The Fund also may
not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options if, immediately
thereafter, the sum of the amount of margin deposits on the Fund's existing
futures positions and premiums paid for such options would exceed 5% of the
market value of the Fund's net assets.
These restrictions, which are derived from current federal regulations
regarding the use of options and futures by mutual funds, are not "fundamental
restrictions" and may be changed by the Trustees of the Trust if applicable law
permits such a change and the change is consistent with the overall investment
objective and policies of the Fund.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will segregate liquid
assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally,
the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase
commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to segregate
additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal
to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It may be expected that the Fund's net
assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio
securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase
commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of the
Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's forward
commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
B-11
<PAGE>
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding
one-third of its total assets to financial institutions such as banks and
brokers if the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulations.
Under the present regulatory requirements which govern loans of portfolio
securities, the loan collateral must, on each business day, at least equal the
value of the loaned securities and must consist of cash, letters of credit of
domestic banks or domestic branches of foreign banks, or securities of the U.S.
Government or its agencies. To be acceptable as collateral, letters of credit
must obligate a bank to pay amounts demanded by the Fund if the demand meets the
terms of the letter. Such terms and the issuing bank would have to be
satisfactory to the Fund. Any loan might be secured by any one or more of the
three types of collateral. The terms of the Fund's loans must permit the Fund to
reacquire loaned securities on five days' notice or in time to vote on any
serious matter and must meet certain tests under the Code.
SHORT SALES
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities. In a short
sale, the Fund sells a security which it does not own, in anticipation of a
decline in the market value of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must
borrow the security (generally from the broker through which the short sale is
made) in order to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to
replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time
of replacement. The Fund is said to have a "short position" in the securities
sold until it delivers them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has
a short position can range from one day to more than a year. Until the security
is replaced, the proceeds of the short sale are retained by the broker, and the
Fund is required to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of any dividends or
interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To meet current margin
requirements, the Fund is also required to deposit with the broker additional
cash or securities so that the total deposit with the broker is maintained daily
at 150% of the current market value of the securities sold short (100% of the
current market value if a security is held in the account that is convertible or
exchangeable into the security sold short within 90 days without restriction
other than the payment of money).
Short sales by the Fund create opportunities to increase the Fund's
return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be
considered a speculative technique. Since the Fund in effect profits from a
decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the
full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, the Fund's
net asset value per share will tend to increase more when the securities it has
sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has
sold short increase in value, than would otherwise be the case if it had not
engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the
amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or
interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.
Furthermore, under adverse market conditions the Fund might have difficulty
purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might
have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its
short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations
would not favor such sales.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
B-12
<PAGE>
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests
within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted
securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and
delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of
securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
FUND POLICIES
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of
its total assets (not including the amount borrowed) for temporary and emergency
purchases; and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging
in options transactions or short sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency contracts in accordance
with any rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
B-13
<PAGE>
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law; or
2. Invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to
be liquid).
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter Auch, Sr. (Born 1921) Trustee Director, Nicholas-Applegate Mutual Funds, Brinson Funds
6001 N. 62d Place (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco Advisors L.P.,
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land Fund II and Legend Properties.
Eric Banhazl (Born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration
2025 E. Financial Way President and Corporation; Vice President, First Fund Distributors; Assistant,
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer Treasurer, RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight
Investment Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald O'Connor (Born 1936) Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
1700 Taylor Avenue Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until January, 1997),
Fort Washington, MD, 20744 Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until
June, 1993).
George Wofford III (Born 1939) Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan Bank of
305 Glendora Circle San Francisco (since March, 1993); formerly Director of
Danville, CA 94526 Management Information Services, Morrison & Foerster (law firm).
Steven Paggioli (Born 1950) Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
479 W. 22nd Street President and Investment Company Administration Corporation; Vice
New York, NY 10011 President First Fund Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee,
Professionally Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert Wadsworth (Born 1940) Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment
4455 E. Camelback Road President Company Administration Corporation and First Fund Distributors,
Suite 261E Inc.; Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios; President,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund,
Inc., New Germany Fund., Central European Equity Fund, Inc. and
Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris Moser (Born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration Corporation
4455 E. Camelback Road (since July, 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from
Suite 261E August until July, 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August, 1995).
</TABLE>
B-14
<PAGE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST*
- ----------------- --------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
*For the calendar-year ended December 31, 1998. The Trust has no pension or
retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation
to the Trustees.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, Statement of Additional
Information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Advisor. In providing such services, the Advisor shall at all times
adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, Statement of Additional Information, and sales
and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. For the period ending
December 31, 1997, the Advisor earned $12,099 in advisory fees. In its
undertaking to limit Fund operating expenses during the year, the Advisor waived
$2,080 of the advisory fee earned. For the period ending December 31, 1998, the
Advisor earned $125,574 in advisory fees. In its undertaking to limit Fund
operating expenses during the year, the Advisor waived $78,331 of the advisory
fee earned. In addition to the fees payable to the Advisor and the
Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its operating expenses, including:
fees and expenses incurred in connection with the issuance, registration and
transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission expenses; all expenses of
transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and accounting for the cash,
securities and other property of the Trust for the benefit of the Fund including
all fees and expenses of its custodian, shareholder services agent and
accounting services agent; interest charges on any borrowings; costs and
expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net asset value and of maintaining
its books of account required under the 1940 Act; taxes, if any; a pro rata
portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of the Fund's shareholders
and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly payable by the Fund;
salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of members of the
Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or committee who are
not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the Advisor or
Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the Fund which
inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond insurance; the cost
of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and statements
of additional information of the Fund or other communications for distribution
to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association
dues; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining
registration of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and
foreign securities laws; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder
accounts, including all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping,
dividend disbursing, redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund,
if any; and all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary
and non-recurring expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory
Agreement.
B-15
<PAGE>
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back
five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years and
seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent
upon Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed
amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of
current ordinary operating expenses.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust
agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary
financial and other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv)
preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer
and sale of the shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of
the various states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing
fees or other similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all
inquiries or other communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to
the Administrator, or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to
be responded to by the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services
agent, overseeing their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships
between the Trust and any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting
services agent(s), including the negotiation of agreements and the supervision
of the performance of such agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any
of the Administrator's directors, officers and employees who may be elected as
Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are
elected. All services to be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement
may be furnished through the medium of any such directors, officers or employees
of the Administrator.
B-16
<PAGE>
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the
following annual rate, subject to a $30,000 minimum:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at December 31, 1998.
As of January 21, 1999, the Fund was controlled by Putnam Fiduciary
Trust Co. TTEE, FBO: The Oschner Clinic Thrift Plan, 859 Williard St. MS E2C,
Quincy, MA 02269 which owned 99.08% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. The
controlling shareholder would be able to control decisions made by the
shareholders with respect to matters affecting only the Fund, such as the
Investment Advisory Agreement.
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund may
pay distribution and related expenses up to 0.25% of its average net assets to
the Advisor as distribution coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid include
preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports such as
semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters, sales
literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct mail
solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales personnel,
advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to the
distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
The Plan allows excess distribution expenses to be carried forward by
the Advisor, as distribution coordinator, and resubmitted in a subsequent fiscal
year, provided that (i) distribution expenses cannot be carried forward for more
than three years following initial submission; (ii) the Trustees have made a
determination at the time of initial submission that the distribution expenses
are appropriate to be carried forward and (iii) the Trustees make a further
determination, at the time any distribution expenses which have been carried
forward are submitted for payment, that payment at the time is appropriate,
consistent with the objectives of the Plan and in the current best interests of
shareholders.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually.
During the period ending December 31, 1997, the Fund paid the
Distribution Coordinator distribution fees totaling $3,820. During the period
ending December 31, 1998, the Fund paid the Distribution Coordinator
distribution fees totaling $36,934. These fees were used to reimburse the
Advisor for Fund advertising expenses, marketing-related printing and postage
and trail commissions and dealer fees paid to agents who sold shares of the
Fund.
B-17
<PAGE>
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
Portfolio turnover for the period ended December 31, 1998 was 80.00%
Brokerage Commissions paid by the Fund during the period ended December
31, 1997 totaled $1,478. Brokerage Commissions paid by the Fund during the
period ended December 31, 1998 totaled $615,943.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
B-18
<PAGE>
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An
option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price
or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. If an options
exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset value.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all applicable
requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification of its
assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to distribute
to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net
realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the Board may
elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under the
circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
B-19
<PAGE>
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
B-20
<PAGE>
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
B-21
<PAGE>
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN. Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's
advertising and promotional materials are calculated according to the following
formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
B-22
<PAGE>
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
For the period from the Fund's inception on December 3, 1997 to
December 31, 1998, the Fund's average annual total return was 26.09%. For the
one-year period ended December 31, 1998, the Fund's total return was 25.81%.
OTHER INFORMATION. Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising
and other promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended
to predict or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an
investment in the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may
be more or less than the original investment amount. In advertising and
promotional materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published
by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies,
Inc. ("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund
performance rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee
levels, published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also
may refer to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and
ratings reported in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE
WALL STREET JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and
BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on October 3,
1996. The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number
of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine
the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby changing
the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share represents an
interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each other share.
Upon the Fund's liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net
assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created fifteen series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, which have separate
assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
The Fund intends to pay cash (U.S. dollars) for all shares redeemed,
but, under abnormal conditions that make payment in cash unwise, the Fund may
make payment partly in its portfolio securities with a current amortized cost or
market value, as appropriate, equal to the redemption price. Although the Fund
does not anticipate that it will make any part of a redemption payment in
securities, if such payment were made, an investor may incur brokerage costs in
converting such securities to cash. The Trust has elected to be governed by the
provisions of Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company Act, which require that
the Fund pay in cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record
limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of such period.
B-23
<PAGE>
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's principal underwriter is First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455
E. Camelback Rd., Suite 261E, Phoenix, AZ 85018
The Fund's custodian, Firstar Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, P.O.
Box 5536, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts as the Fund's transfer agent and accounting
services agent. The Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555
Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports
to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
B-24
<PAGE>
THE AL FRANK FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dated April 30, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and it should be
read in conjunction with the prospectus dated April 30, 1999 of The Al Frank
Fund (the "Fund"), a series of Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). Al Frank
Asset Management, Inc. (the "Advisor") is the Advisor to the Fund. A copy of the
prospectus may be obtained by writing to the Fund at 465 Forest Avenue, Suite I,
Laguna Beach, CA 92651; or by calling 888-263-6443.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Investment Policies ................................................... B-2
Management ............................................................ B-9
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .................................. B-13
Net Asset Value ....................................................... B-14
Taxation .............................................................. B-15
Dividends and Distributions ........................................... B-17
Performance Information ............................................... B-18
General Information ................................................... B-18
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT POLICIES
This discussion below supplements information contained in the
prospectus as to investment policies of the Fund.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed-income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed-income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a
market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
BANK CERTIFICATES OR DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
monies deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning
a specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
B-2
<PAGE>
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in the Appendix.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. The Fund
may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of
daily cash positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees a Fund
bears directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear
its pro rata portions of each other investment company's advisory and
operational expenses.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these
governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned
on a sovereign debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic
performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet
such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties'
commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such
debtor's ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
B-3
<PAGE>
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, provided that
they are publicly traded in the United States.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered "put"
and "call" options with respect to securities which are otherwise eligible for
purchase by the Fund and with respect to various stock indices subject to
certain restrictions, not in excess of 5% of the Fund's total net assets. The
Fund will engage in trading of such derivative securities exclusively for
hedging purposes.
If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option (for "American-style" options) or on the option expiration date (for
"European-style" options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio
investment strategy when the Advisor perceives significant short-term risk but
substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option
acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price
movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement. If the Fund
is holding a security which it feels has strong fundamentals, but for some
reason may be weak in the near term, the Fund may purchase a put option on such
security, thereby giving itself the right to sell such security at a certain
strike price throughout the term of the option. Consequently, the Fund will
exercise the put only if the price of such security falls below the strike price
of the put. The difference between the put's strike price and the market price
of the underlying security on the date the Fund exercises the put, less
transaction costs, will be the amount by which the Fund will be able to hedge
against a decline in the underlying security. If during the period of the option
the market price for the underlying security remains at or above the put's
strike price, the put will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price
the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction costs. If the price of the
underlying security increases, the profit the Fund realizes on the sale of the
security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount
for which the put may be sold.
B-4
<PAGE>
If the Fund purchases a call option, it acquires the right to purchase
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option. The purchase of a call option is a type of insurance policy to hedge
against losses that could occur if the Fund has a short position in the
underlying security and the security thereafter increases in price. The Fund
will exercise a call option only if the price of the underlying security is
above the strike price at the time of exercise. If during the option period the
market price for the underlying security remains at or below the strike price of
the call option, the option will expire worthless, representing a loss of the
price paid for the option, plus transaction costs. If the call option has been
purchased to hedge a short position of the Fund in the underlying security and
the price of the underlying security thereafter falls, the profit the Fund
realizes on the cover of the short position in the security will be reduced by
the premium paid for the call option less any amount for which such option may
be sold.
Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has
remaining value by a purchaser through a "closing sale transaction," which is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously
purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the
Advisor believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing
transactions.
WRITING CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security
with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting
a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale
of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the
Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on
which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior
to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS. The Fund may also purchase put and call options
with respect to the S&P 500 and other stock indices. Such options may be
purchased as a hedge against changes resulting from market conditions in the
values of securities which are held in the Fund's portfolio or which it intends
to purchase or sell, or when they are economically appropriate for the reduction
of risks inherent in the ongoing management of the Fund.
The distinctive characteristics of options on stock indices create
certain risks that are not present with stock options generally. Because the
value of an index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather
than the price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or
loss on the purchase or sale of an option on an index depends upon movements in
the level of stock prices in the stock market generally rather than movements in
the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of
options on a stock index would be subject to the Advisor's ability to predict
correctly movements in the direction of the stock market generally. This
requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of
individual stocks.
B-5
<PAGE>
Index prices may be distorted if trading of certain stocks included in
the index is interrupted. Trading of index options also may be interrupted in
certain circumstances, such as if trading were halted in a substantial number of
stocks included in the index. If this were to occur, the Fund would not be able
to close out options which it had purchased, and if restrictions on exercise
were imposed, the Fund might be unable to exercise an option it holds, which
could result in substantial losses to the Fund. It is the policy of the Fund to
purchase put or call options only with respect to an index which the Advisor
believes includes a sufficient number of stocks to minimize the likelihood of a
trading halt in the index.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN OPTIONS. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options on securities and indices. Options may be more volatile
than the underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an
investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment
in the underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences
between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect
correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve
its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may
be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient
trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange
on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts,
suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular
classes or series of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen
circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of
an exchange or clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle
current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other
reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading
of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the
secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would
cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing
corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be
exercisable in accordance with their terms.
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the
exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be
unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The
extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") requirements for qualification of
the Fund as a regulated investment company. See "Dividends and Distributions"
and "Taxation."
DEALER OPTIONS. The Fund may engage in transactions involving dealer
options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are
specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation
to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer
option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to
perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would
result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the
expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize
the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling
the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer
option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its
expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer
to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter
into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected
to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be
no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option
at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a
covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase
transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used
as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of
the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With
respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing
transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the
Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a
security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to
secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may
impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale
might be advantageous.
The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities.
The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the
dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for
a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the
dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum
purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's
limitation on illiquid securities. If the Commission changes its position on the
liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such
instruments accordingly.
B-6
<PAGE>
SPREAD TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from
securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently
exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the
Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed
yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but
which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of
dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any
transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the
Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, I.E., the
yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection
is provided only during the life of the spread options.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will segregate liquid
assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally,
the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase
commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to segregate
additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal
to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It may be expected that the Fund's net
assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio
securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase
commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of the
Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's forward
commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
B-7
<PAGE>
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding
one-third of its total assets to financial institutions such as banks and
brokers if the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulations.
Under the present regulatory requirements which govern loans of portfolio
securities, the loan collateral must, on each business day, at least equal the
value of the loaned securities and must consist of cash, letters of credit of
domestic banks or domestic branches of foreign banks, or securities of the U.S.
Government or its agencies. To be acceptable as collateral, letters of credit
must obligate a bank to pay amounts demanded by the Fund if the demand meets the
terms of the letter. Such terms and the issuing bank would have to be
satisfactory to the Fund. Any loan might be secured by any one or more of the
three types of collateral. The terms of the Fund's loans must permit the Fund to
reacquire loaned securities on five days' notice or in time to vote on any
serious matter and must meet certain tests under the Code.
SHORT SALES
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities. In a short
sale, the Fund sells a security which it does not own, in anticipation of a
decline in the market value of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must
borrow the security (generally from the broker through which the short sale is
made) in order to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to
replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time
of replacement. The Fund is said to have a "short position" in the securities
sold until it delivers them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has
a short position can range from one day to more than a year. Until the security
is replaced, the proceeds of the short sale are retained by the broker, and the
Fund is required to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of any dividends or
interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To meet current margin
requirements, the Fund is also required to deposit with the broker additional
cash or securities so that the total deposit with the broker is maintained daily
at 150% of the current market value of the securities sold short (100% of the
current market value if a security is held in the account that is convertible or
exchangeable into the security sold short within 90 days without restriction
other than the payment of money).
Short sales by the Fund create opportunities to increase the Fund's
return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be
considered a speculative technique. Since the Fund in effect profits from a
decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the
full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, the Fund's
net asset value per share will tend to increase more when the securities it has
sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has
sold short increase in value, than would otherwise be the case if it had not
engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the
amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or
interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.
Furthermore, under adverse market conditions the Fund might have difficulty
purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might
have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its
short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations
would not favor such sales.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
B-8
<PAGE>
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of
its total assets (not including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction
shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short
sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions and except that the Fund may
borrow money from banks to purchase securities;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency contracts in accordance
with any rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law;
2. Invest in securities which are restricted as to disposition or
otherwise are illiquid or have no readily available market (except for
securities which are determined by the Board of Trustees to be liquid); or
3. Purchase or sell future contracts.
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day-to-day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter Auch, Sr.(Born 1921) Trustee Director, Nicholas-Applegate Mutual Funds, Brinson Funds
6001 N. 62d Place (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco Advisors L.P.,
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land Fund II and Legend Properties.
Eric Banhazl (Born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration LLC;
2025 E. Financial Way President and Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.; Assistant Treasurer,
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight Investment
Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald O'Connor (Born 1936) Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
1700 Taylor Avenue Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until January, 1997),
Fort Washington MD, 20744 Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until
June, 1993).
</TABLE>
B-9
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
George Wofford III Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan Bank of
(Born 1939) San Francisco (since March, 1993); formerly Director of
305 Glendora Circle Management Information Services, Morrison & Foerster (law
Danville, CA 94526 firm).
Steven J. Paggioli Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
(Born 1950) President and Investment Company Administration LLC; Vice President,
479 W. 22nd Street First Fund Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee,
New York, NY 10011 Professionally Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert H. Wadsworth Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment
(Born 1940) President Company Administration, LLC and First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
4455 E. Camelback Road Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios; President,
Suite 261E Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Inc., New Germany Fund, Inc. and Central European Equity Fund,
Inc. and Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris Moser (Born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration Corporation
4455 E. Camelback Road (since July, 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from
Suite 261E August until July, 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August, 1995).
</TABLE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST*
- ----------------- --------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998, Trustees' fees and expenses in the
amount of $12,000 per independent Trustee were paid by the Trust. The Trust has
no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays
any compensation to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement"). The Advisor is
controlled by Alfred Frank.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, Statement of Additional
Information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Advisor. In providing such services, the Advisor shall at all times
adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code, and other applicable law.
B-10
<PAGE>
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales
and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Fund is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other
communications for distribution to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and
accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expenses (including legal
fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for sale under
federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; all expenses of
maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all charges for
transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing, redemption, and other
agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other charges and costs of
its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as
otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, except that it is permitted to
look back five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years
and seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also
contingent upon the Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the
reimbursed amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's
payment of current ordinary operating expenses.
B-11
<PAGE>
During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Advisor earned $50,113 in
advisory fees. The Advisor has contractually agreed to limit total fund
operating expenses to 2.25% of average net assets annually. As a result of that
limitation, during the year ended December 31, 1998, the Advisor waived the full
amount of its fee and paid Fund operating expenses in the amount of $25,133.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust
agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary
financial and other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv)
preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer
and sale of the shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of
the various states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing
fees or other similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all
inquiries or other communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to
the Administrator, or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to
be responded to by the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services
agent, overseeing their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships
between the Trust and any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting
services agent(s), including the negotiation of agreements and the supervision
of the performance of such agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any
of the Administrator's directors, officers and employees who may be elected as
Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are
elected. All services to be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement
may be furnished through the medium of any such directors, officers or employees
of the Administrator.
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the
following annual rate, subject to a $30,000 minimum:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
B-12
<PAGE>
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund may
pay distribution and related expenses up to 0.25% of its average net assets to
the Advisor as distribution coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid include
preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports such as
semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters, sales
literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct mail
solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales personnel,
advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to the
distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
The Plan allows excess distribution expenses to be carried forward by
the Advisor, as distribution coordinator, and resubmitted in a subsequent fiscal
year, provided that (i) distribution expenses cannot be carried forward for more
than three years following initial submission; (ii) the Trustees have made a
determination at the time of initial submission that the distribution expenses
are appropriate to be carried forward and (iii) the Trustees make a further
determination, at the time any distribution expenses which have been carried
forward are submitted for payment, that payment at the time is appropriate,
consistent with the objectives of the Plan and in the current best interests of
shareholders.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually.
During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Fund paid the Distribution
Coordinator distribution fees totaling $12,529. These fees were used to
reimburse the Advisor for Fund advertising expenses, presentation and road show
expenses incurred, marketing-related printing and postage, trail commissions and
dealer fees paid to brokers who sold shares of the Fund and compensation to
employees involved in distribution of Fund shares.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
B-13
<PAGE>
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
Brokerage commissions paid by the Fund during the year ended December
31, 1998, totaled $35,541.
Portfolio turnover for the Fund during the year ended December 31,
1998, was 5.82%.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An
option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price
or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. If an options
exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset value.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
B-14
<PAGE>
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986 as amended, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all
applicable requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification
of its assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to
distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and
any net realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies
with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be
subject to any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the
Board may elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under
the circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
B-15
<PAGE>
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
B-16
<PAGE>
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
B-17
<PAGE>
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
For the period from January 2, 1998(commencement of operations) through
December 31, 1998, the Fund had a total return of -9.30%.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY MAGAZINE, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company
organized as a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware
on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 16 effective series of
shares of beneficial interest, par value of 0.01 per share. The Declaration of
Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional
shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater
or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund
proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund's
liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund
available for distribution to shareholders.
B-18
<PAGE>
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created two series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, which have separate
assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's principal underwriter is First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455
E. Camelback Road, Suite 261E, Phoenix, AZ 85018.
The Fund's custodian, Firstar Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, P.O.
Box 5536, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts as the Fund's transfer agent and accounting
services agent. The Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555
Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports
to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
The Fund is a diversified series of the Trust.
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at January 22, 1999.
On February 23, 1999, the following additional persons owned of record
and/or beneficially more than 5% of The Al Frank Fund's outstanding voting
securities:
Robert & Linda Green, JT TEN, 6076 Maiden Lane, Memphis, Tennessee
38120; 6.78% record.
B-19
<PAGE>
THE AVATAR ADVANTAGE
BALANCED FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated May 1, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and it
should be read in conjunction with the prospectus dated May 1, 1999, as may be
revised from time to time, of The Avatar Advantage Balanced Fund (the "Fund")
and The Avatar Advantage Equity Allocation Fund, each a series of Advisors
Series Trust (the "Trust"). Avatar Associates (the "Advisor") is the Advisor to
the Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained from the Fund by writing 900
Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022 or by calling the Trust at (888) 263-6452.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
----
Investment Objectives and Policies ...................................... B-2
-Investment Strategies and Risks
-Fund Policies
Management of the Fund .................................................. B-14
Distribution Arrangements ............................................... B-15
Control Persons and Principal Holders of Securities ..................... B-16
Investment Advisory and Other Services .................................. B-16
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .................................... B-18
Net Asset Value ......................................................... B-19
Taxation ................................................................ B-20
Dividends and Distributions ............................................. B-22
Performance Information ................................................. B-23
General Information ..................................................... B-23
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is long-term capital appreciation.
There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective. The discussion
below supplements information contained in the prospectus as to investment
policies of the Fund.
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a
market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in shares of other
investment companies. The Fund may invest in money market mutual funds in
connection with its management of daily cash positions. In addition to the
advisory and operational fees a Fund bears directly in connection with its own
operation, the Fund would also bear its pro rata portions of each other
investment company's advisory and operational expenses.
BANK CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
B-2
<PAGE>
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in the Appendix.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association. Some of these
obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by the full faith and
credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the Export-Import Bank of
United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the
Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary
authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's obligations; still
others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing Association, are supported
only by the credit of the instrumentality. No assurance can be given that the
U.S. Government would provide financial support to U.S. Government-sponsored
instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these
governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned
on a sovereign debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic
performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet
such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties'
commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such
debtor's ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
B-3
<PAGE>
MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related
securities are derivative interests in pools of mortgage loans made to U.S.
residential home buyers, including mortgage loans made by savings and loan
institutions, mortgage bankers, commercial banks and others. Pools of mortgage
loans are assembled as securities for sale to investors by various governmental,
government-related and private organizations. The Fund may also invest in debt
securities which are secured with collateral consisting of U.S. mortgage-related
securities, and in other types of U.S. mortgage-related securities.
U.S. MORTGAGE PASS-THROUGH SECURITIES. Interests in pools of
mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which
normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with
principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these
securities provide a monthly payment which consists of both interest and
principal payments. In effect, these payments are a "pass-through" of the
monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential mortgage
loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities.
Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the
sale of the underlying residential property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of
fees or costs which may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as
securities issued by GNMA) are described as "modified pass-throughs." These
securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments
owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates
regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of U.S. mortgage-related
securities is GNMA, a wholly owned United States Government corporation within
the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to
guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the United States Government, the
timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions
approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and
mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of mortgages insured by the Federal
Housing Agency or guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.
Government-related guarantors include the Federal National Mortgage
Association ("FNMA") and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC").
FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation owned entirely by private
stockholders and subject to general regulation by the Secretary of Housing and
Urban Development. FNMA purchases conventional residential mortgages not insured
or guaranteed by any government agency from a list of approved seller/services
which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations,
mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers.
FHLMC is a government-sponsored corporation created to increase availability of
mortgage credit for residential housing and owned entirely by private
stockholders. FHLMC issues participation certificates which represent interests
in conventional mortgages from FHLMC's national portfolio. Pass-through
securities issued by FNMA and participation certificates issued by FHLMC are
guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA and FHLMC,
respectively, but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United
States Government.
Although the underlying mortgage loans in a pool may have maturities of
up to 30 years, the actual average life of the pool certificates typically will
be substantially less because the mortgages will be subject to normal principal
amortization and may be prepaid prior to maturity. Prepayment rates vary widely
and may be affected by changes in market interest rates. In periods of falling
interest rates, the rate of prepayment tends to increase, thereby shortening the
actual average life of the pool certificates. Conversely, when interest rates
are rising, the rate of prepayments tends to decrease, thereby lengthening the
actual average life of the certificates. Accordingly, it is not possible to
predict accurately the average life of a particular pool.
B-4
<PAGE>
COLLATERALIZED MORTGAGE OBLIGATIONS ("CMOS"). A domestic or foreign CMO
in which the Fund may invest is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a
mortgage pass-through security. Like a bond, interest is paid, in most cases,
semiannually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more
typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities
guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC, FNMA or equivalent foreign entities.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different
stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life depend upon the prepayment
experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call
protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages
according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal and
interest received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments,
is first returned to the class having the earliest maturity date or highest
maturity. Classes that have longer maturity dates and lower seniority will
receive principal only after the higher class has been retired.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, provided that
they are publicly traded in the United States.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), Global
Depositary Receipts ("GDRs") or other forms of depositary receipts. DRs are
receipts typically issued in connection with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust
company which evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a foreign
corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered "put"
and "call" options with respect to securities which are otherwise eligible for
purchase by the Fund subject to certain restrictions. The Fund will engage in
trading of such derivative securities exclusively for hedging purposes.
If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option (for "American-style" options) or on the option expiration date (for
"European-style" options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio
investment strategy when the Advisor perceives significant short-term risk but
substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option
acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price
movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement. If the Fund
is holding a security which it feels has strong fundamentals, but for some
reason may be weak in the near term, the Fund may purchase a put option on such
security, thereby giving itself the right to sell such security at a certain
strike price throughout the term of the option. Consequently, the Fund will
exercise the put only if the price of such security falls below the strike price
of the put. The difference between the put's strike price and the market price
of the underlying security on the date the Fund exercises the put, less
transaction costs, will be the amount by which the Fund will be able to hedge
against a decline in the underlying security. If during the period of the option
the market price for the underlying security remains at or above the put's
strike price, the put will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price
the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction costs. If the price of the
underlying security increases, the profit the Fund realizes on the sale of the
security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount
for which the put may be sold.
B-5
<PAGE>
If the Fund purchases a call option, it acquires the right to purchase
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option. The purchase of a call option is a type of insurance policy to hedge
against losses that could occur if the Fund has a short position in the
underlying security and the security thereafter increases in price. The Fund
will exercise a call option only if the price of the underlying security is
above the strike price at the time of exercise. If during the option period the
market price for the underlying security remains at or below the strike price of
the call option, the option will expire worthless, representing a loss of the
price paid for the option, plus transaction costs. If the call option has been
purchased to hedge a short position of the Fund in the underlying security and
the price of the underlying security thereafter falls, the profit the Fund
realizes on the cover of the short position in the security will be reduced by
the premium paid for the call option less any amount for which such option may
be sold.
Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has
remaining value by a purchaser through a "closing sale transaction," which is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously
purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the
Advisor believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing
transactions.
WRITING CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security
with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting
a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale
of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the
Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on
which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior
to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
B-6
<PAGE>
RISKS OF INVESTING IN OPTIONS. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options on securities. Options may be more volatile than the
underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in
options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the
underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences between
the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation
between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objective.
In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for
reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest
in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening
transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or
other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series
of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may
interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or
clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading
volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or
be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a
particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on
that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist,
although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing corporation as a
result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance
with their terms.
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the
exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be
unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The
extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") requirements for qualification of
the Fund as a regulated investment company. See "Dividends and Distributions"
and "Taxation."
DEALER OPTIONS. The Fund will engage in transactions involving dealer
options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are
specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation
to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer
option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to
perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would
result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the
expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize
the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling
the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer
option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its
expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer
to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter
into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected
to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be
no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option
at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a
covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase
transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used
as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of
the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With
respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing
transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the
Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a
security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to
secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may
impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale
might be advantageous.
The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities.
The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the
dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for
a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the
dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum
purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's
limitation on illiquid securities. If the Commission changes its position on the
liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such
instruments accordingly.
B-7
<PAGE>
SPREAD TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from
securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently
exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the
Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed
yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but
which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of
dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any
transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the
Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, I.E., the
yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection
is provided only during the life of the spread options.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS
The Fund may invest in futures contracts and options on futures
contracts as a hedge against changes in market conditions or interest rates. The
Fund will trade in such derivative securities for bona fide hedging purposes and
otherwise in accordance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC"). The Fund will segregate liquid assets in a separate account
with its Custodian when required to do so by CFTC guidelines in order to cover
its obligation in connection with futures and options transactions.
No price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a
futures contract. When it enters into a domestic futures contract, the Fund will
be required to deposit in a segregated account with its Custodian an amount of
cash or U.S. Treasury bills equal to approximately 5% of the contract amount.
This amount is known as initial margin. The margin requirements for foreign
futures contracts may be different.
The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from
that of margin in securities transactions. Futures contract margin does not
involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions.
Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith
deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the
futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied.
Subsequent payments (called variation margin) to and from the broker will be
made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying stock index fluctuates, to
reflect movements in the price of the contract making the long and short
positions in the futures contract more or less valuable. For example, when the
Fund has purchased a stock index futures contract and the price of the
underlying stock index has risen, that position will have increased in value and
the Fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that
increase in value. Conversely, when the Fund has purchased a stock index futures
contract and the price of the underlying stock index has declined, the position
will be less valuable and the Fund will be required to make a variation margin
payment to the broker.
At any time prior to expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may
elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate
to terminate the Fund's position in the futures contract A final determination
of variation margin is made on closing the position. Additional cash is paid by
or released to the Fund, which realizes a loss or a gain.
In addition to amounts segregated or paid as initial and variation
margin, the Fund must segregate liquid assets with its custodian equal to the
market value of the futures contracts, in order to comply with Commission
requirements intended to ensure that the Fund's use of futures is unleveraged.
The requirements for margin payments and segregated accounts apply to both
domestic and foreign futures contracts.
STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may invest in futures contracts
on stock indices. Currently, stock index futures contracts can be purchased or
sold with respect to, among others, the S&P 500 Stock Price Index on the Chicago
Mercantile Exchange, the Major Market Index on the Chicago Board of Trade, the
New York Stock Exchange Composite Index on the New York Futures Exchange and the
Value Line Stock Index on the Kansas City Board of Trade.
INTEREST RATE OR FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may invest in
interest rate or financial futures contracts. Bond prices are established in
both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are
purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being
made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the
futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for
a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in
the futures markets have generally tended to move in the aggregate in concert
with cash market prices, and the prices have maintained fairly predictable
relationships.
B-8
<PAGE>
The sale of an interest rate or financial futures contract by the Fund
would create an obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver the specific type
of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for
a specified price. A futures contract purchased by the Fund would create an
obligation by the Fund, as purchaser, to take delivery of the specific type of
financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price. The specific
securities delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date, would not be
determined until at or near that date. The determination would be in accordance
with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase
was made.
Although interest rate or financial futures contracts by their terms
call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities, in most cases the
contracts are closed out before the settlement date without delivery of
securities. Closing out of a futures contract sale is effected by the Fund's
entering into a futures contract purchase for the same aggregate amount of the
specific type of financial instrument and the same delivery date. If the price
in the sale exceeds the price in the offsetting purchase, the Fund is paid the
difference and thus realizes a gain. If the offsetting purchase price exceeds
the sale price, the Fund pays the difference and realizes a loss. Similarly, the
closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the Fund's entering
into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase
price, the Fund realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the
offsetting sale price, the Fund realizes a loss.
The Fund will deal only in standardized contracts on recognized
exchanges. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions
through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange
membership. Domestic interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction
environment on the floors of several exchanges - principally, the Chicago Board
of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. A public market now exists in
domestic futures contracts covering various financial instruments including
long-term United States Treasury bonds and notes; GNMA modified pass-through
mortgage-backed securities; three-month United States Treasury bills; and 90-day
commercial paper. The Fund may trade in any futures contract for which there
exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing
instruments.
RISKS OF TRANSACTIONS IN FUTURES CONTRACTS. There are several risks
related to the use of futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of
the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract
and movements in the price of the securities which are the subject of the hedge.
The price of the future may move more or less than the price of the securities
being hedged. If the price of the future moves less than the price of the
securities which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully
effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an
unfavorable direction, the Fund would be in a better position than if it had not
hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a
favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the loss on the
future. If the price of the future moves more than the price of the hedged
securities, the Fund will experience either a loss or a gain on the future which
will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities which
are subject to the hedge.
To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price
of securities being hedged and movements in the price of the futures contract,
the Fund may buy or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the
dollar amount of securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the
prices of such securities has been greater than the historical volatility over
such time period of the future. Conversely, the Fund may buy or sell fewer
futures contracts if the historical volatility of the price of the securities
being hedged is less than the historical volatility of the futures contract
being used. It is possible that, when the Fund has sold futures to hedge its
portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance while the
value of securities held in the Fund's portfolio may decline. If this occurs,
the Fund will lose money on the future and also experience a decline in value in
its portfolio securities. However, the Advisor believes that over time the value
of a diversified portfolio will tend to move in the same direction as the market
indices upon which the futures are based.
Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the
price of securities before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash
equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly fashion, it is possible
that the market may decline instead. If the Fund then decides not to invest in
securities or options at that time because of concern as to possible further
market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures
contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of securities purchased.
B-9
<PAGE>
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect
correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures and the
securities being hedged, the price of futures may not correlate perfectly with
movement in the stock index or cash market due to certain market distortions.
All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and
maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit
requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the index or
cash market and futures markets. In addition, the deposit requirements in the
futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities
market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market
may also cause temporary price distortions. As a result of price distortions in
the futures market and the imperfect correlation between movements in the cash
market and the price of securities and movements in the price of futures, a
correct forecast of general trends by the Advisor may still not result in a
successful hedging transaction over a very short time frame.
Positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange or board of
trade which provides a secondary market for such futures. Although the Fund may
intend to purchase or sell futures only on exchanges or boards of trade where
there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a
liquid secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any
particular contract or at any particular time. In such event, it may not be
possible to close a futures position, and in the event of adverse price
movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of
variation margin. When futures contracts have been used to hedge portfolio
securities, such securities will not be sold until the futures contract can be
terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of the securities,
if any, may partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract.
However, as described above, there is no guarantee that the price of the
securities will in fact correlate with the price movements in the futures
contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a futures contract.
Most United States futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation
permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily
limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may
vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a
trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of
futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that
limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading
day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent
the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have
occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with
little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions
and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Successful use of futures by the Fund is also subject to the Advisor's
ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. For
example, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the
market adversely affecting stocks held in its portfolio and stock prices
increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased
value of the stocks which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses
in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has
insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin
requirements. Such sales of securities may be, but will not necessarily be, at
increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell
securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
In the event of the bankruptcy of a broker through which the Fund
engages in transactions in futures contracts or options, the Fund could
experience delays and losses in liquidating open positions purchased or sold
through the broker, and incur a loss of all or part of its margin deposits with
the broker.
OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. As described above, the Fund may purchase
options on the futures contracts they can purchase or sell. A futures option
gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy (call) from
or sell (put) to the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified
price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of
the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the
futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures
contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its
position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling, or
purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into
the closing transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that
such closing transactions can be effected.
B-10
<PAGE>
Investments in futures options involve some of the same considerations
as investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid
secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk
that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully
reflected in the value of the option. Depending on the pricing of the option
compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the
price of the securities being hedged, an option may or may not be less risky
than ownership of the futures contract or such securities. In general, the
market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market
prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of
futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures
contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Fund because the
maximum amount at risk is limited to the premium paid for the options (plus
transaction costs).
RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OR FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. The
Fund will not engage in transactions in futures contracts or related options for
speculation, but only as a hedge against changes resulting from market
conditions in the values of securities held in the Fund's portfolio or which it
intends to purchase and where the transactions are economically appropriate to
the reduction of risks inherent in the ongoing management of the Fund. The Fund
may not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options if, immediately
thereafter, more than 25% of its net assets would be hedged. The Fund also may
not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options if, immediately
thereafter, the sum of the amount of margin deposits on the Fund's existing
futures positions and premiums paid for such options would exceed 5% of the
market value of the Fund's net assets.
These restrictions, which are derived from current federal regulations
regarding the use of options and futures by mutual funds, are not "fundamental
restrictions" and may be changed by the Trustees of the Trust if applicable law
permits such a change and the change is consistent with the overall investment
objective and policies of the Fund.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will segregate liquid
assets equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate account. Normally,
the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy a purchase
commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to segregate
additional assets in order to assure that the value of the account remains equal
to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It may be expected that the Fund's net
assets will fluctuate to a greater degree when it sets aside portfolio
securities to cover such purchase commitments than when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will segregate liquid assets to satisfy its purchase
commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of the
Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's forward
commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
B-11
<PAGE>
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding
one-third of its total assets to financial institutions such as banks and
brokers if the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulations.
Under the present regulatory requirements which govern loans of portfolio
securities, the loan collateral must, on each business day, at least equal the
value of the loaned securities and must consist of cash, letters of credit of
domestic banks or domestic branches of foreign banks, or securities of the U.S.
Government or its agencies. To be acceptable as collateral, letters of credit
must obligate a bank to pay amounts demanded by the Fund if the demand meets the
terms of the letter. Such terms and the issuing bank would have to be
satisfactory to the Fund. Any loan might be secured by any one or more of the
three types of collateral. The terms of the Fund's loans must permit the Fund to
reacquire loaned securities on five days' notice or in time to vote on any
serious matter and must meet certain tests under the Code.
SHORT SALES
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities. In a short
sale, the Fund sells a security which it does not own, in anticipation of a
decline in the market value of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must
borrow the security (generally from the broker through which the short sale is
made) in order to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to
replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time
of replacement. The Fund is said to have a "short position" in the securities
sold until it delivers them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has
a short position can range from one day to more than a year. Until the security
is replaced, the proceeds of the short sale are retained by the broker, and the
Fund is required to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of any dividends or
interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To meet current margin
requirements, the Fund is also required to deposit with the broker additional
cash or securities so that the total deposit with the broker is maintained daily
at 150% of the current market value of the securities sold short (100% of the
current market value if a security is held in the account that is convertible or
exchangeable into the security sold short within 90 days without restriction
other than the payment of money).
Short sales by the Fund create opportunities to increase the Fund's
return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be
considered a speculative technique. Since the Fund in effect profits from a
decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the
full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, the Fund's
net asset value per share will tend to increase more when the securities it has
sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has
sold short increase in value, than would otherwise be the case if it had not
engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the
amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or
interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.
Furthermore, under adverse market conditions the Fund might have difficulty
purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might
have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its
short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations
would not favor such sales.
B-12
<PAGE>
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests
within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted
securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and
delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of
securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
FUND POLICIES
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of
its total assets (not including the amount borrowed) for temporary and emergency
purchases; and (ii) this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging
in options transactions or short sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
B-13
<PAGE>
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell foreign currency contracts in accordance
with any rules of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law; or
2. Invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to be liquid).
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter Auch, Sr. (Born 1921) Trustee Director, Nicholas-Applegate Mutual Funds, Brinson Funds
6001 N. 62d Place (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco Advisors L.P.,
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land Fund II and Legend
Properties.
Eric Banhazl (Born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration
2025 E. Financial Way President and Corporation; Vice President, First Fund Distributors; Assistant,
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer Treasurer, RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight
Investment Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald O'Connor (Born 1936) Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
1700 Taylor Avenue Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until January, 1997),
Fort Washington, MD, 20744 Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until
June, 1993).
George Wofford III (Born 1939) Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan Bank
of 305 Glendora Circle San Francisco (since March, 1993); formerly Director of
Danville, CA 94526 Management Information Services, Morrison & Foerster ( law
firm).
</TABLE>
B-14
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
Steven Paggioli (Born 1950) Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
479 W. 22nd Street President and Investment Company Administration Corporation; Vice
New York, NY 10011 President First Fund Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee,
Professionally Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert H. Wadsworth Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment
(Born 1940) President Company Administration, LLC and First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
4455 E. Camelback Road Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios; President,
Suite 261E Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Inc., New Germany Fund, Inc. and Central European Equity Fund,
Inc. and Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris Moser (Born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration Corporation
4455 E. Camelback Road (since July, 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from
Suite 261E August until July, 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August, 1995).
</TABLE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST*
- ----------------- --------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
*For the calendar-year ended December 31, 1998. The Trust has no pension or
retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation
to the Trustees.
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund may
pay distribution and related expenses up to 0.25% of its average net assets to
the Advisor as distribution coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid include
preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports such as
semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters, sales
literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct mail
solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales personnel,
advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to the
distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
The Plan allows excess distribution expenses to be carried forward by
the Advisor, as distribution coordinator, and resubmitted in a subsequent fiscal
year, provided that (i) distribution expenses cannot be carried forward for more
than three years following initial submission; (ii) the Trustees have made a
determination at the time of initial submission that the distribution expenses
are appropriate to be carried forward and (iii) the Trustees make a further
determination, at the time any distribution expenses which have been carried
forward are submitted for payment, that payment at the time is appropriate,
consistent with the objectives of the Plan and in the current best interests of
shareholders.
B-15
<PAGE>
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually. During the period ending December 31, 1998, the Fund paid the
Distribution Coordinator distribution fees totaling $3,165. These fees were used
to reimburse the Advisor for Fund marketing-related printing and postage and
advertising and road shows.
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
The Fund is a management, open-end, diversified investment company
Shares of the Fund owned by the Trustees and officers as a group were
less than 1% at December 31, 1998.
As of January 21, 1999, the Fund was controlled by the Avatar
Associates Money Purchase Pension Plan, DTD January 1, 1983, Richard McBride,
TTEE, 900 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10022, which owned 99.87% of the
outstanding shares of the Fund. The controlling shareholder would be able to
control decisions made by the shareholders with respect to matters affecting
only the Fund, such as the Investment Advisory Agreement.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Advisor. In providing such services, the Advisor shall at all times
adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales
and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
B-16
<PAGE>
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. For the period ending
December 31, 1998, the Advisor earned $9,496 in advisory fees. In its
undertaking to limit Fund operating expenses during the year, the Advisor waived
the entire amount of the advisory fee earned. In addition to the fees payable to
the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its operating
expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the issuance,
registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission expenses; all
expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and accounting for the
cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the benefit of the Fund
including all fees and expenses of its custodian, shareholder services agent and
accounting services agent; interest charges on any borrowings; costs and
expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net asset value and of maintaining
its books of account required under the 1940 Act; taxes, if any; a pro rata
portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of the Fund's shareholders
and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly payable by the Fund;
salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of members of the
Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or committee who are
not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the Advisor or
Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the Fund which
inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond insurance; the cost
of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements, prospectuses and statements
of additional information of the Fund or other communications for distribution
to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association
dues; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining
registration of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and
foreign securities laws; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder
accounts, including all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping,
dividend disbursing, redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund,
if any; and all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary
and non-recurring expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory
Agreement.
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back
five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years and
seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent
upon Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed
amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of
current ordinary operating expenses.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
B-17
<PAGE>
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust
agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary
financial and other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv)
preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer
and sale of the shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of
the various states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing
fees or other similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all
inquiries or other communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to
the Administrator, or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to
be responded to by the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services
agent, overseeing their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships
between the Trust and any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting
services agent(s), including the negotiation of agreements and the supervision
of the performance of such agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any
of the Administrator's directors, officers and employees who may be elected as
Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are
elected. All services to be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement
may be furnished through the medium of any such directors, officers or employees
of the Administrator.
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the following
annual rate, subject to a $30,000 minimum:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
B-18
<PAGE>
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
Portfolio turnover for the period ended December 31, 1998 was 95.09%
Brokerage Commissions paid by the Fund during the period ended December
31, 1998 totaled $39,311.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
B-19
<PAGE>
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An
option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price
or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. If an options
exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset value.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all applicable
requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification of its
assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to distribute
to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net
realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the Board may
elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under the
circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S.
Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and
other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of other
securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund's
assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more than 25%
of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer
(other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
B-20
<PAGE>
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
B-21
<PAGE>
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
B-22
<PAGE>
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
For the period from the Fund's inception on January 13, 1998 to
December 31, 1998, the Fund's total return was 23.11%.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Trust was organized as a Delaware business trust on October 3,
1996. The Trust has no business history prior to the offering of the first of
its series of shares. The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an
unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to
divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without
thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share
represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each
other share. Upon the Fund's liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata
in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
B-23
<PAGE>
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created fifteen series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, which have separate
assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
The Fund intends to pay cash (U.S. dollars) for all shares redeemed,
but, under abnormal conditions that make payment in cash unwise, the Fund may
make payment partly in its portfolio securities with a current amortized cost or
market value, as appropriate, equal to the redemption price. Although the Fund
does not anticipate that it will make any part of a redemption payment in
securities, if such payment were made, an investor may incur brokerage costs in
converting such securities to cash. The Trust has elected to be governed by the
provisions of Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company Act, which require that
the Fund pay in cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record
limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000
or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of such period.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's principal underwriter is First Fund Distributors, Inc., 4455
E. Camelback Rd., Suite 261E, Phoenix, AZ 85018
The Fund's custodian, Firstar Bank, 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati, Ohio
45202 is responsible for holding the Funds' assets. American Data Services, P.O.
Box 5536, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts as the Fund's transfer agent and accounting
services agent. The Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555
Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports
to the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa---Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
B-24
<PAGE>
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" to both the Aaa
and Aa rating classifications. The modifier "1" indicates that the security
ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier "2"
indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier "3" indicates that the issue
ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
A--Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa--Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
AAA--This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA--Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A--Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB--Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B-25
<PAGE>
THE HERITAGE WEST DIVIDEND CAPTURE INCOME FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated June 17, 1998
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information is not a prospectus, and it should be
read in conjunction with the prospectus dated June 17, 1998, as may be amended
from time to time, of The Heritage West Dividend Capture Income Fund (the
"Fund"), a series of Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). Heritage West
Advisors, LLC, (the "Advisor") is the Advisor to the Fund. A copy of the
prospectus may be obtained from the Fund at 7373 North Scottsdale Road, Suite
D-201, Scottsdale, AZ 85253; telephone (800) 596-1213.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ..... B-2 The Fund at a Glance; The
Fund in Detail
Management ............................ B-13 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .. B-16 Management of the Fund
Net Asset Value ....................... B-17 Investor Guide
Taxation .............................. B-18 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ........... B-19 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information ............... B-20 General Information
General Information ................... B-20 General Information
Appendix .............................. B-21 Not applicable
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to achieve a high rate of
current income. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objective.
The discussion below supplements information contained in the prospectus as to
investment policies of the Fund.
PREFERRED STOCK
In addition to the information about preferred stock contained in the
prospectus, preferred stock usually has preference in dividends, and holders of
preferred stock generally are entitled to receive a specified dividend
(expressed either in dollars per share or as a percentage of the par value of
the stock) before dividends may be distributed to common stockholders. Preferred
stock may be either cumulative or noncumulative. A cumulative dividend
preference means that if a dividend is omitted, it must be declared and paid
before a dividend can be paid to holders of common stock.
While a preference with respect to dividends is the most common
privilege of preferred stock, there are other preferences which may also by
applicable to an issue. These include a preference on liquidation and in voting.
Preferred stocks are also frequently convertible into the issuer's common stock,
and they may be redeemed after a certain date at the option of the corporation.
There are also variations in dividend preferences, including the
possibility, in some cases, of participation in earnings.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible preferred stocks and warrants. A
convertible preferred stock may be converted at a stated price within a
specified period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same
or a different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
gives an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation of the issuing company depending upon a
market price advance in the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible preferred stock, warrants do not pay a fixed dividend.
Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including the possible lack of a
liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price fluctuations as a
result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the price of the
underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of reaching a level at
which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event the warrant may
expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the Fund's entire
investment therein).
RISKS OF INVESTING IN LOWER-RATED PREFERRED STOCKS
As set forth in the prospectus, the Fund may invest a portion of its
net assets in preferred stocks which may be rated below "baa" by Moody's or
"BBB" by S&P or below investment grade by other recognized rating agencies, or
in unrated securities of comparable quality under certain circumstances. These
preferred stocks are subject to greater market fluctuations and risk of loss of
income and principal than higher rated stocks for a variety of reasons,
including the following:
SENSITIVITY TO INTEREST RATE AND ECONOMIC CHANGES. The economy and
interest rates affect lower rated securities differently from other securities.
For example, the prices of lower rated securities have been found to be less
sensitive to interest rate changes than higher rated investments, but more
sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments.
Also, during an economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest
rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which would
adversely affect their ability to service their obligations, to meet projected
business goals, and to obtain additional financing. Periods of economic
uncertainty and changes can be expected to result in increased volatility of
market prices of lower rated preferred stocks and the Fund's asset values.
B-2
<PAGE>
LIQUIDITY AND VALUATION. To the extent that there is no established
retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of lower rated preferred
stocks, and this may impact the Advisor's ability to value these preferred
stocks and the Fund's assets and hinder the Fund's ability to dispose of these
stocks. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on
fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower rated
preferred stocks, especially in a thinly traded market.
CREDIT RATINGS. Credit ratings primarily evaluate the likelihood of
payment of dividends, not the market value risk of preferred stocks. Also, since
credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect
subsequent events, the Advisor must monitor the issuers of lower rated preferred
stocks in the Fund's portfolio to determine if the issuers will have sufficient
cash flow and profits to meet dividends, and to assure the stocks' liquidity so
the Fund can meet redemption requests. The Fund will dispose of a portfolio
security in an orderly manner when its rating has been downgraded below C.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
BANK CERTIFICATES OR DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS.
The Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks or financial
institutions which at the time of purchase have capital, surplus and undivided
profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both domestic and foreign
branches), based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if the
principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured by the U.S.
Government. If the Fund holds instruments of foreign banks or financial
institutions, it may be subject to additional investment risks that are
different in some respects from those incurred by a fund which invests only in
debt obligations of U.S. domestic issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such
risks include future political and economic developments, the possible
imposition of withholding taxes by the particular country in which the issuer is
located on interest income payable on the securities, the possible seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits, the possible establishment of exchange
controls, or the adoption of other foreign governmental restrictions which might
adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
SAVINGS ASSOCIATION OBLIGATIONS. The Fund may invest in certificates of
deposit (interest-bearing time deposits) issued by savings banks or savings and
loan associations that have capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of
$100 million, based on latest published reports, or less than $100 million if
the principal amount of such obligations is fully insured by the U.S.
Government.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, SHORT-TERM NOTES AND OTHER CORPORATE OBLIGATIONS. The
Fund may invest a portion of its assets in commercial paper and short-term
notes. Commercial paper consists of unsecured promissory notes issued by
corporations. Issues of commercial paper and short-term notes will normally have
maturities of less than nine months and fixed rates of return, although such
instruments may have maturities of up to one year.
B-3
<PAGE>
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in the Appendix.
Corporate obligations include bonds and notes issued by corporations to
finance longer-term credit needs than supported by commercial paper. While such
obligations generally have maturities of ten years or more, the Fund may
purchase corporate obligations which have remaining maturities of one year or
less from the date of purchase and which are rated "AA" or higher by S&P or "Aa"
or higher by Moody's.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these
governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned
on a sovereign debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic
performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet
such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties'
commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such
debtor's ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers, provided that
they are publicly traded in the United States and denominated in U.S. dollars.
DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS. Depositary Receipts ("DRs") include American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), which are receipts typically issued in connection
with a U.S. or foreign bank or trust company which evidence ownership of
underlying securities issued by a foreign corporation.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States' economy in
such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
B-4
<PAGE>
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES
PURCHASING PUT AND CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered "put"
and "call" options with respect to securities which are otherwise eligible for
purchase by the Fund and with respect to various stock indices subject to
certain restrictions.
If the Fund purchases a put option, the Fund acquires the right to sell
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option (for "American-style" options) or on the option expiration date (for
"European-style" options). Purchasing put options may be used as a portfolio
investment strategy when the Advisor perceives significant short-term risk but
substantial long-term appreciation for the underlying security. The put option
acts as an insurance policy, as it protects against significant downward price
movement while it allows full participation in any upward movement. If the Fund
is holding a security which it feels has strong fundamentals, but for some
reason may be weak in the near term, the Fund may purchase a put option on such
security, thereby giving itself the right to sell such security at a certain
strike price throughout the term of the option. Consequently, the Fund will
exercise the put only if the price of such security falls below the strike price
of the put. The difference between the put's strike price and the market price
of the underlying security on the date the Fund exercises the put, less
transaction costs, will be the amount by which the Fund will be able to hedge
against a decline in the underlying security. If during the period of the option
the market price for the underlying security remains at or above the put's
strike price, the put will expire worthless, representing a loss of the price
the Fund paid for the put, plus transaction costs. If the price of the
underlying security increases, the profit the Fund realizes on the sale of the
security will be reduced by the premium paid for the put option less any amount
for which the put may be sold.
If the Fund purchases a call option, it acquires the right to purchase
the underlying security at a specified price at any time during the term of the
option. The purchase of a call option is a type of insurance policy to hedge
against losses that could occur if the Fund has a short position in the
underlying security and the security thereafter increases in price. The Fund
will exercise a call option only if the price of the underlying security is
above the strike price at the time of exercise. If during the option period the
market price for the underlying security remains at or below the strike price of
the call option, the option will expire worthless, representing a loss of the
price paid for the option, plus transaction costs. If the call option has been
purchased to hedge a short position of the Fund in the underlying security and
the price of the underlying security thereafter falls, the profit the Fund
realizes on the cover of the short position in the security will be reduced by
the premium paid for the call option less any amount for which such option may
be sold.
Prior to exercise or expiration, an option may be sold when it has
remaining value by a purchaser through a "closing sale transaction," which is
accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously
purchased. The Fund generally will purchase only those options for which the
Advisor believes there is an active secondary market to facilitate closing
transactions.
WRITING CALL OPTIONS. The Fund may write covered call options. A call
option is "covered" if the Fund owns the security underlying the call or has an
absolute right to acquire the security without additional cash consideration
(or, if additional cash consideration is required, cash or cash equivalents in
such amount as are held in a segregated account by the Custodian). The writer of
a call option receives a premium and gives the purchaser the right to buy the
security underlying the option at the exercise price. The writer has the
obligation upon exercise of the option to deliver the underlying security
against payment of the exercise price during the option period. If the writer of
an exchange-traded option wishes to terminate his obligation, he may effect a
"closing purchase transaction." This is accomplished by buying an option of the
same series as the option previously written. A writer may not effect a closing
purchase transaction after it has been notified of the exercise of an option.
B-5
<PAGE>
Effecting a closing transaction in the case of a written call option
will permit the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security
with either a different exercise price, expiration date or both. Also, effecting
a closing transaction will permit the cash or proceeds from the concurrent sale
of any securities subject to the option to be used for other investments of the
Fund. If the Fund desires to sell a particular security from its portfolio on
which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing transaction prior
to or concurrent with the sale of the security.
The Fund will realize a gain from a closing transaction if the cost of
the closing transaction is less than the premium received from writing the
option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction are more than the premium
paid to purchase the option. The Fund will realize a loss from a closing
transaction if the cost of the closing transaction is more than the premium
received from writing the option or if the proceeds from the closing transaction
are less than the premium paid to purchase the option. However, because
increases in the market price of a call option will generally reflect increases
in the market price of the underlying security, any loss to the Fund resulting
from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset in whole or in part
by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund.
STOCK INDEX OPTIONS. The Fund may also purchase put and call options
with respect to the S&P 500 and other stock indices. Such options may be
purchased as a hedge against changes resulting from market conditions in the
values of securities which are held in the Fund's portfolio or which it intends
to purchase or sell, or when they are economically appropriate for the reduction
of risks inherent in the ongoing management of the Fund.
The distinctive characteristics of options on stock indices create
certain risks that are not present with stock options generally. Because the
value of an index option depends upon movements in the level of the index rather
than the price of a particular stock, whether the Fund will realize a gain or
loss on the purchase or sale of an option on an index depends upon movements in
the level of stock prices in the stock market generally rather than movements in
the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of
options on a stock index would be subject to a Manager's ability to predict
correctly movements in the direction of the stock market generally. This
requires different skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of
individual stocks.
Index prices may be distorted if trading of certain stocks included in
the index is interrupted. Trading of index options also may be interrupted in
certain circumstances, such as if trading were halted in a substantial number of
stocks included in the index. If this were to occur, the Fund would not be able
to close out options which it had purchased, and if restrictions on exercise
were imposed, the Fund might be unable to exercise an option it holds, which
could result in substantial losses to the Fund. It is the policy of the Fund to
purchase put or call options only with respect to an index which a Manager
believes includes a sufficient number of stocks to minimize the likelihood of a
trading halt in the index.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN OPTIONS. There are several risks associated with
transactions in options on securities and indices. Options may be more volatile
than the underlying securities and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an
investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment
in the underlying securities themselves. There are also significant differences
between the securities and options markets that could result in an imperfect
correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve
its objective. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options may
be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient
trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange
on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts,
suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular
classes or series of options of underlying securities; unusual or unforeseen
circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of
an exchange or clearing corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle
current trading volume; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other
reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading
of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the
secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would
cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by a clearing
corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be
exercisable in accordance with their terms.
B-6
<PAGE>
A decision as to whether, when and how to use options involves the
exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well-conceived transaction may be
unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or unexpected events. The
extent to which the Fund may enter into options transactions may be limited by
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Code") requirements for qualification of
the Fund as a regulated investment company. See "Dividends and Distributions"
and "Taxation."
DEALER OPTIONS. The Fund will engage in transactions involving dealer
options as well as exchange-traded options. Certain additional risks are
specific to dealer options. While the Fund might look to a clearing corporation
to exercise exchange-traded options, if the Fund were to purchase a dealer
option it would need to rely on the dealer from which it purchased the option to
perform if the option were exercised. Failure by the dealer to do so would
result in the loss of the premium paid by the Fund as well as loss of the
expected benefit of the transaction.
Exchange-traded options generally have a continuous liquid market while
dealer options may not. Consequently, the Fund may generally be able to realize
the value of a dealer option it has purchased only by exercising or reselling
the option to the dealer who issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes a dealer
option, the Fund may generally be able to close out the option prior to its
expiration only by entering into a closing purchase transaction with the dealer
to whom the Fund originally wrote the option. While the Fund will seek to enter
into dealer options only with dealers who will agree to and which are expected
to be capable of entering into closing transactions with the Fund, there can be
no assurance that the Fund will at any time be able to liquidate a dealer option
at a favorable price at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund, as a
covered dealer call option writer, is able to effect a closing purchase
transaction, it will not be able to liquidate securities (or other assets) used
as cover until the option expires or is exercised. In the event of insolvency of
the other party, the Fund may be unable to liquidate a dealer option. With
respect to options written by the Fund, the inability to enter into a closing
transaction may result in material losses to the Fund. For example, because the
Fund must maintain a secured position with respect to any call option on a
security it writes, the Fund may not sell the assets which it has segregated to
secure the position while it is obligated under the option. This requirement may
impair the Fund's ability to sell portfolio securities at a time when such sale
might be advantageous.
The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission")
has taken the position that purchased dealer options are illiquid securities.
The Fund may treat the cover used for written dealer options as liquid if the
dealer agrees that the Fund may repurchase the dealer option it has written for
a maximum price to be calculated by a predetermined formula. In such cases, the
dealer option would be considered illiquid only to the extent the maximum
purchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
Accordingly, the Fund will treat dealer options as subject to the Fund's
limitation on illiquid securities. If the Commission changes its position on the
liquidity of dealer options, the Fund will change its treatment of such
instruments accordingly.
SPREAD TRANSACTIONS. The Fund may purchase covered spread options from
securities dealers. These covered spread options are not presently
exchange-listed or exchange-traded. The purchase of a spread option gives the
Fund the right to put securities that it owns at a fixed dollar spread or fixed
yield spread in relationship to another security that the Fund does not own, but
which is used as a benchmark. The risk to the Fund, in addition to the risks of
dealer options described above, is the cost of the premium paid as well as any
transaction costs. The purchase of spread options will be used to protect the
Fund against adverse changes in prevailing credit quality spreads, I.E., the
yield spread between high quality and lower quality securities. This protection
is provided only during the life of the spread options.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS
The Fund may invest in futures contracts and options on futures
contracts as a hedge against changes in market conditions or interest rates. The
Fund will trade in such derivative securities for bona fide hedging purposes and
otherwise in accordance with the rules of the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC"). The Fund will segregate liquid assets in a separate account
with its Custodian when required to do so by CFTC guidelines in order to cover
its obligation in connection with futures and options transactions.
No price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a
futures contract. When it enters into a domestic futures contract, the Fund will
be required to deposit in a segregated account with its Custodian an amount of
cash or U.S. Treasury bills equal to approximately 5% of the contract amount.
This amount is known as initial margin. The margin requirements for foreign
futures contracts may be different.
B-7
<PAGE>
The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from
that of margin in securities transactions. Futures contract margin does not
involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions.
Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith
deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the
futures contract, assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied.
Subsequent payments (called variation margin) to and from the broker will be
made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying stock index fluctuates, to
reflect movements in the price of the contract making the long and short
positions in the futures contract more or less valuable. For example, when the
Fund has purchased a stock index futures contract and the price of the
underlying stock index has risen, that position will have increased in value and
the Fund will receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that
increase in value. Conversely, when the Fund has purchased a stock index futures
contract and the price of the underlying stock index has declined, the position
will be less valuable and the Fund will be required to make a variation margin
payment to the broker.
At any time prior to expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may
elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate
to terminate the Fund's position in the futures contract A final determination
of variation margin is made on closing the position. Additional cash is paid by
or released to the Fund, which realizes a loss or a gain.
In addition to amounts segregated or paid as initial and variation
margin, the Fund must segregate liquid assets with its custodian equal to the
market value of the futures contracts, in order to comply with Commission
requirements intended to ensure that the Fund's use of futures is unleveraged.
The requirements for margin payments and segregated accounts apply to both
domestic and foreign futures contracts.
STOCK INDEX FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may invest in futures contracts
on stock indices. Currently, stock index futures contracts can be purchased or
sold with respect to, among others, the S&P 500 Stock Price Index on the Chicago
Mercantile Exchange, the Major Market Index on the Chicago Board of Trade, the
New York Stock Exchange Composite Index on the New York Futures Exchange and the
Value Line Stock Index on the Kansas City Board of Trade.
INTEREST RATE OR FINANCIAL FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may invest in
interest rate or financial futures contracts. Bond prices are established in
both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are
purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being
made in cash, generally within five business days after the trade. In the
futures market, a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for
a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in
the futures markets have generally tended to move in the aggregate in concert
with cash market prices, and the prices have maintained fairly predictable
relationships.
The sale of an interest rate or financial futures contract by the Fund
would create an obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver the specific type
of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for
a specified price. A futures contract purchased by the Fund would create an
obligation by the Fund, as purchaser, to take delivery of the specific type of
financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price. The specific
securities delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date, would not be
determined until at or near that date. The determination would be in accordance
with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase
was made.
Although interest rate or financial futures contracts by their terms
call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities, in most cases the
contracts are closed out before the settlement date without delivery of
securities. Closing out of a futures contract sale is effected by the Fund's
entering into a futures contract purchase for the same aggregate amount of the
specific type of financial instrument and the same delivery date. If the price
in the sale exceeds the price in the offsetting purchase, the Fund is paid the
difference and thus realizes a gain. If the offsetting purchase price exceeds
the sale price, the Fund pays the difference and realizes a loss. Similarly, the
closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the Fund's entering
into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase
price, the Fund realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the
offsetting sale price, the Fund realizes a loss.
B-8
<PAGE>
The Fund will deal only in standardized contracts on recognized
exchanges. Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions
through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange
membership. Domestic interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction
environment on the floors of several exchanges - principally, the Chicago Board
of Trade and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. A public market now exists in
domestic futures contracts covering various financial instruments including
long-term United States Treasury bonds and notes; GNMA modified pass-through
mortgage-backed securities; three-month United States Treasury bills; and 90-day
commercial paper. The Fund may trade in any futures contract for which there
exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing
instruments.
RISKS OF TRANSACTIONS IN FUTURES CONTRACTS. There are several risks
related to the use of futures as a hedging device. One risk arises because of
the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract
and movements in the price of the securities which are the subject of the hedge.
The price of the future may move more or less than the price of the securities
being hedged. If the price of the future moves less than the price of the
securities which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully
effective, but if the price of the securities being hedged has moved in an
unfavorable direction, the Fund would be in a better position than if it had not
hedged at all. If the price of the securities being hedged has moved in a
favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the loss on the
future. If the price of the future moves more than the price of the hedged
securities, the Fund will experience either a loss or a gain on the future which
will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the securities which
are subject to the hedge.
To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price
of securities being hedged and movements in the price of the futures contract,
the Fund may buy or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the
dollar amount of securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the
prices of such securities has been greater than the historical volatility over
such time period of the future. Conversely, the Fund may buy or sell fewer
futures contracts if the historical volatility of the price of the securities
being hedged is less than the historical volatility of the futures contract
being used. It is possible that, when the Fund has sold futures to hedge its
portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance while the
value of securities held in the Fund's portfolio may decline. If this occurs,
the Fund will lose money on the future and also experience a decline in value in
its portfolio securities. However, the Advisor believes that over time the value
of a diversified portfolio will tend to move in the same direction as the market
indices upon which the futures are based.
Where futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the
price of securities before the Fund is able to invest its cash (or cash
equivalents) in securities (or options) in an orderly fashion, it is possible
that the market may decline instead. If the Fund then decides not to invest in
securities or options at that time because of concern as to possible further
market decline or for other reasons, it will realize a loss on the futures
contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of securities purchased.
In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect
correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures and the
securities being hedged, the price of futures may not correlate perfectly with
movement in the stock index or cash market due to certain market distortions.
All participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and
maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit
requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting
transactions, which could distort the normal relationship between the index or
cash market and futures markets. In addition, the deposit requirements in the
futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities
market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market
may also cause temporary price distortions. As a result of price distortions in
the futures market and the imperfect correlation between movements in the cash
market and the price of securities and movements in the price of futures, a
correct forecast of general trends by the Advisor may still not result in a
successful hedging transaction over a very short time frame.
Positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange or board of
trade which provides a secondary market for such futures. Although the Fund may
intend to purchase or sell futures only on exchanges or boards of trade where
there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a
liquid secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any
particular contract or at any particular time. In such event, it may not be
possible to close a futures position, and in the event of adverse price
movements, the Fund would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of
variation margin. When futures contracts have been used to hedge portfolio
securities, such securities will not be sold until the futures contract can be
terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of the securities,
if any, may partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract.
However, as described above, there is no guarantee that the price of the
securities will in fact correlate with the price movements in the futures
contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a futures contract.
B-9
<PAGE>
Most United States futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation
permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily
limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may
vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a
trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of
futures contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that
limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading
day and therefore does not limit potential losses, because the limit may prevent
the liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have
occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with
little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions
and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Successful use of futures by the Fund is also subject to the Advisor's
ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. For
example, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the
market adversely affecting stocks held in its portfolio and stock prices
increase instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased
value of the stocks which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses
in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has
insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin
requirements. Such sales of securities may be, but will not necessarily be, at
increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell
securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
In the event of the bankruptcy of a broker through which the Fund
engages in transactions in futures contracts or options, the Fund could
experience delays and losses in liquidating open positions purchased or sold
through the broker, and incur a loss of all or part of its margin deposits with
the broker.
OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. As described above, the Fund may purchase
options on the futures contracts they can purchase or sell. A futures option
gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy (call) from
or sell (put) to the writer of the option a futures contract at a specified
price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of
the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the
futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures
contract, the holder or writer of an option has the right to terminate its
position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling, or
purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into
the closing transaction will realize a gain or loss. There is no guarantee that
such closing transactions can be effected.
Investments in futures options involve some of the same considerations
as investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid
secondary market). In addition, the purchase of an option also entails the risk
that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully
reflected in the value of the option. Depending on the pricing of the option
compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the
price of the securities being hedged, an option may or may not be less risky
than ownership of the futures contract or such securities. In general, the
market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market
prices on the underlying futures contracts. Compared to the purchase or sale of
futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures
contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Fund because the
maximum amount at risk is limited to the premium paid for the options (plus
transaction costs).
RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OR FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. The
Fund will not engage in transactions in futures contracts or related options for
speculation, but only as a hedge against changes resulting from market
conditions in the values of securities held in the Fund's portfolio or which it
intends to purchase and where the transactions are economically appropriate to
the reduction of risks inherent in the ongoing management of the Fund. The Fund
may not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options if, immediately
thereafter, more than 33% of its net assets would be hedged. The Fund also may
not purchase or sell futures or purchase related options if immediately
thereafter, the sum of the amount of margin deposits on the Fund's existing
futures positions and premiums paid for such options would exceed 5% of the
market value of the Fund's net assets.
B-10
<PAGE>
These restrictions, which are derived from current federal regulations
regarding the use of options and futures by mutual funds, are not "fundamental
restrictions" and may be changed by the Trustees of the Trust if applicable law
permits such a change and the change is consistent with the overall investment
objective and policies of the Fund.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the 1940 Act.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will set aside cash or
liquid portfolio securities equal to the amount of the commitment in a separate
account. Normally, the Custodian will set aside portfolio securities to satisfy
a purchase commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be required subsequently to
place additional assets in the separate account in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will set aside cash or liquid portfolio securities to satisfy
its purchase commitments in the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the
ability of the Advisor to manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's
forward commitments, commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed
settlements ever exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund's incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain a price credited to
be advantageous.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase,
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests
within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted
securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and
delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of
securities.
B-11
<PAGE>
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission under the Securities
Act, the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN SMALL COMPANIES
The Fund may purchase securities of companies with market
capitalization as low as $25 million. Additional risks of such investments
include the markets on which such securities are frequently traded. In many
instances the securities of smaller companies are traded only over-the-counter
or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and volume of their
trading is substantially less than is typical of larger companies. Therefore,
the securities of smaller companies may be subject to greater and more abrupt
price fluctuations. When making large sales, the Fund may have to sell portfolio
holdings at discounts from quoted prices or may have to make a series of small
sales over an extended period of time due to the trading volume of smaller
company securities. Investors should be aware that, based on the foregoing
factors, an investment in the Fund may be subject to greater price fluctuations
than an investment in a fund that invests exclusively in larger, more
established companies. The Advisor's research efforts may also play a greater
role in selecting securities for the Fund than in a fund that invests in larger,
more established companies.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks in amounts not exceeding one-third of
its total assets (not including the amount borrowed); and (ii) this restriction
shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options transactions or short
sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions and except that the Fund may
borrow money from banks to purchase securities;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
B-12
<PAGE>
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate (although
the Fund may purchase and sell securities which are secured by real estate and
securities of companies which invest or deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts on securities indices and
options and foreign currency contracts in accordance with any rules of the
Commodity Futures Trading Commission;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
8. Make investments for the purpose of exercising control or
management.
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law;
2. Invest more than 15% of its assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to be liquid); or
3. Invest in futures contracts on securities indices and options or
foreign currency contracts.
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter E. Auch, Sr. (76) Trustee Director, Geotech Communications, Inc., Nicholas-Applegate
6001 N. 62d Place Investment Trust, Brinson Funds (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Fund, Pimco Advisors L.P., Banyan Realty Trust, Banyan Land
Fund II and Legend Properties.
Eric M. Banhazl (40)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration
2025 E. Financial Way President and Corporation; Vice President, First Fund Distributors; President,
Glendora, CA 91740 Treasurer RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guiness Flight Investment
Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed Portfolios.
Donald E. O'Connor (61) Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
1700 Taylor Avenue Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until January, 1997),
Fort Washington MD, 20744 Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until June,
1993).
</TABLE>
B-13
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
George Wofford III (Born 1939) Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan Bank
of 305 Glendora Circle San Francisco (since March, 1993); formerly Director of
Danville, CA 94526 Management Information Services, Morrison & Foerster ( law
firm).
Steven Paggioli (Born 1950) Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.
479 W. 22nd Street President and Investment Company Administration Corporation; Vice
New York, NY 10011 President First Fund Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee,
Professionally Managed Portfolios; Director, Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert H. Wadsworth Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment
(Born 1940) President Company Administration, LLC and First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
4455 E. Camelback Road Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios; President,
Suite 261E Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Inc., New Germany Fund, Inc. and Central European Equity Fund,
Inc. and Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris O. Kissack (49) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration Corporation
4455 E. Camelback Road (since July, 1996); formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from
Suite 261E August until July, 1996); O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August, 1995).
</TABLE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST*
- ----------------- --------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
*The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity
affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional
information, and undertakings; and such other limitations, policies and
procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may impose from time to time in writing
to the Advisor. In providing such services, the Advisor shall at all times
adhere to the provisions and restrictions contained in the federal securities
laws, applicable state securities laws, the Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, statement of additional information, and sales
and advertising materials (but not the legal, auditing or accounting fees
attendant thereto) to prospective investors (but not to existing shareholders);
and the costs of any special Board of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings
convened for the primary benefit of the Advisor.
B-14
<PAGE>
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Trust is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
prospectuses and statements of additional information of the Fund or other
communications for distribution to existing shareholders; legal, auditing and
accounting fees; trade association dues; fees and expenses (including legal
fees) of registering and maintaining registration of its shares for sale under
federal and applicable state and foreign securities laws; all expenses of
maintaining and servicing shareholder accounts, including all charges for
transfer, shareholder recordkeeping, dividend disbursing, redemption, and other
agents for the benefit of the Fund, if any; and all other charges and costs of
its operation plus any extraordinary and non-recurring expenses, except as
otherwise prescribed in the Advisory Agreement.
The Advisor has agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to
pay Fund operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's
aggregate annual operating expenses to the limit set forth in the Expense Table
(the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the Advisor in its fees or
payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are subject to reimbursement
by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the Advisor, in the first, second
or third fiscal year next succeeding the fiscal year of the reduction or
absorption if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward the
operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the reimbursement)
does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. With respect to the
reimbursement of a particular fee reduction or expense payment, a reimbursement
to the Advisor is permitted only within the three year period following the year
in which the Advisor reduced the subject fee or paid the subject expense. Any
such reimbursement is also contingent upon Board of Trustees review and approval
at the time the reimbursement is made. Such reimbursement may be paid prior to
the Fund's payment of current expenses if so requested by the Advisor even if
that practice may require the Advisor to waive, reduce or absorb current Fund
expenses.
The Advisor is controlled by Craig O. Jolly.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Agreement.
B-15
<PAGE>
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the Commission and any other governmental agency (the Trust
agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary
financial and other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv)
preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer
and sale of the shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of
the various states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing
fees or other similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all
inquiries or other communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to
the Administrator, or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to
be responded to by the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services
agent, overseeing their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships
between the Trust and any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting
services agent(s), including the negotiation of agreements and the supervision
of the performance of such agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any
of the Administrator's directors, officers and employees who may be elected as
Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are
elected. All services to be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement
may be furnished through the medium of any such directors, officers or employees
of the Administrator.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
B-16
<PAGE>
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
The Fund expects that all, or substantially all, of its portfolio
brokerage transactions will be executed by Heritage West Securities, its
Distributor, which is an affiliate of its Advisor. The Distributor has
negotiated commission rates with the broker-dealer which clears its brokerage
transactions for it and intends to pass these rates through to the Fund without
any mark-up or other profit for the Distributor.
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (currently 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open on the following days: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An
option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price
or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. If an options
exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset value.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
B-17
<PAGE>
TAXATION
The Fund will be taxed, under the Code, as a separate entity from any
other series of the Trust, and it intends to elect to qualify for treatment as a
regulated investment company ("RIC") under Subchapter M of the Code. In each
taxable year that the Fund so qualifies, the Fund (but not its shareholders)
will be relieved of federal income tax on that part of its investment company
taxable income (consisting generally of interest and dividend income, net
short-term capital gains and net realized gains from currency transactions) and
net capital gain that is distributed to shareholders.
In order to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must distribute
annually to shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income
and must meet several additional requirements. Among these requirements are, in
general, the following: (1) at least 90% of the Fund's gross income each taxable
year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to
securities loans and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or
foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of
investing in securities or currencies; (2) at the close of each quarter of the
Fund's taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be
represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of
other RICs and other securities, limited in respect of any one issuer, to an
amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund's assets and that does
not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer;
and (3) at the close of each quarter of the Fund's taxable year, not more than
25% of the value of its assets may be invested in securities (other than U.S.
Government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to be
distributed, any capital loss carryovers from prior years will be applied
against capital gains. Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of
additional shares will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each
share so received equal to the net asset value of a share of the Fund on the
reinvestment date. Fund distributions also will be included in individual and
corporate shareholders' income on which the alternative minimum tax may be
imposed.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends quarterly and other
distributions annually, as stated in the Prospectus. In order to avoid the
payment of any federal excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on
or before December 31 of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the
following year, distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for
that calendar year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any
capital losses realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year,
together with any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in
excess of capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund will receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as purchasing options, involves
complex rules that will determine the character and timing of recognition of the
income received in connection therewith by the Fund. For accounting purposes,
when the Fund purchases an option, the premium paid by the Fund is recorded as
an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the current market value of the option.
Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon the expiration or sale of such
options held by the Fund generally will be capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by that Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
B-18
<PAGE>
Certain options that are subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section
1256 Contracts") and that are held by the Fund at the end of its taxable year
generally will be required to be "marked to market" for federal income tax
purposes, that is, deemed to have been sold at market value. Sixty percent of
any net gain or loss recognized on these deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or
loss realized from any actual sales of Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as
long-term capital gain or loss, and the balance will be treated as short-term
capital gain or loss.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends with respect to such shares during such
six-month period. All or a portion of a loss realized upon the redemption of
shares of the Fund may be disallowed to the extent shares of the Fund are
purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30
days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Dividends from the Fund's investment company taxable income (whether
paid in cash or invested in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders
as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits.
Distributions of the Fund's net capital gain (whether paid in cash or invested
in additional shares) will be taxable to shareholders as capital gain,
regardless of how long they have held their Fund shares.
Dividends declared by the Fund in October, November or December of any
year and payable to shareholders of record on a date in one of such months will
be deemed to have been paid by the Fund and received by the shareholders on the
record date if the dividends are paid by the Fund during the following January.
Accordingly, such dividends will be taxed to shareholders for the year in which
the record date falls.
The Fund or any securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
IRS with respect to distributions and payments made to the shareholder. In
addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal income tax at the rate
of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other payments made to accounts of
individual or other non-exempt shareholders who have not furnished their correct
taxpayer identification numbers and made certain required certifications on the
Account Application Form or with respect to which the Fund or the securities
dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number furnished is incorrect or
that the account is otherwise subject to withholding. Amounts withheld under
these rules will be creditable against a shareholder's federal income tax
liability.
B-19
<PAGE>
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or indicate future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited
number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest and to divide or
combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby
changing the proportionate beneficial interest in the Fund. Each share
represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal to the interest of each
other share. Upon the Fund's liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata
in the net assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders.
B-20
<PAGE>
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created several series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, which have separate
assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's custodian, Wheat First Securities is responsible for holding
the Funds' assets. The Administrator acts as the Fund's accounting services
agent. The Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, 555 Fifth
Avenue, New York, NY 10017, assist in the preparation of certain reports to the
Securities and Exchange Commission and the Fund's tax returns.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE RATINGS
PREFERRED STOCK
A variation of Moody's bond rating symbols is used in the quality
ranking of preferred stock. The symbols, presented below, are designed to avoid
comparison with bond quality in absolute terms. It should always be borne in
mind that preferred stock occupies a junior position to bonds within a
particular capital structure and that these securities are rated within the
universe of preferred stocks.
"aaa" An issue which is rated "aaa" is considered to be a top-quality
preferred stock. This rating indicates good asset protection and the least risk
of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred stocks.
"aa" An issue which is rated "aa" is considered a high-grade preferred
stock. This rating indicates that there is a reasonable assurance the earnings
and asset protection will remain relatively well maintained in the foreseeable
future.
"a" An issue which is rated "a" is considered to be an upper-medium
grade preferred stock. While risks are judged to be somewhat greater then in the
"aaa" and "aa" classification, earnings and asset protection are, nevertheless,
expected to be maintained at adequate levels.
B-21
<PAGE>
"baa" An issue which is rated "baa" is considered to be a medium-grade
preferred stock, neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Earnings and asset
protection appear adequate at present but may be questionable over any great
length of time.
"ba" An issue which is rated "ba" is considered to have speculative
elements and its future cannot be considered well assured. Earnings and asset
protection may be very moderate and not well safeguarded during adverse periods.
Uncertainty of position characterizes preferred stocks in this class.
"b" An issue which is rated "b" generally lacks the characteristics of
a desirable investment. Assurance of dividend payments and maintenance of other
terms of the issue over any long period of time may be small.
Note: Moody's applies numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 in each rating
classification: the modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher
end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking
and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its
generic rating category.
DEBT RATINGS - TAXABLE DEBT
Aaa -- Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality.
They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to
as "gilt edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an
exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various
protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are
most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa -- Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long-term risk appear somewhat larger than the Aaa securities.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" to both the Aaa
and Aa rating classifications. The modifier "1" indicates that the security
ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier "2"
indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier "3" indicates that the issue
ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
SHORT-TERM TAXABLE DEBT
Moody's short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers
to repay punctually senior debt obligations. These obligations have an original
maturity not exceeding one year, unless explicitly noted.
Prime-1-- Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a
superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1
repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following
characteristics: Leading market positions in well-established industries; High
rates of return on funds employed; Conservative capitalization structure with
moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection; Broad margins in earnings
coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation;
Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
Prime-2 -- Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a
strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will
normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser
degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to
variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more
affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
STANDARD & POOR'S CORPORATION RATINGS
PREFERRED STOCK
A Standard & Poor's preferred stock rating is an assessment of the
capacity and willingness of an issuer to pay preferred stock dividends and any
applicable sinking fund obligations. A preferred stock rating differs from a
bond rating inasmuch as it is assigned to an equity issue, which is
intrinsically different from, and subordinated to, a debt issue. Therefore, to
reflect this difference, the preferred stock rating symbol will normally not be
higher than the debt rating symbol assigned to, or that would be assigned to,
the senior debt of the same issuer.
B-22
<PAGE>
Preferred stock ratings are based on the following considerations:
1. Likelihood of payment-capacity and willingness of the issuer to meet
the timely payment of preferred stock dividends and any applicable sinking fund
requirements in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
2. Nature of, and provisions of, the issue;
3. Relative position of the issue in the event of bankruptcy,
reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws
affecting creditors' rights.
AAA - This is the highest rating that may be assigned by Standard &
Poor's to a preferred stock issue and indicates an extremely strong capacity to
pay the preferred stock obligations.
AA -- A preferred stock issue rated AA also qualifies as a
high-quality, fixed-income security. The capacity to pay preferred stock
obligations is very strong, although not as overwhelming as for issues rated
AAA.
A - An issue rated A is backed by a sound capacity to pay the preferred
stock obligations, although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse
effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB - An issue rated BBB is regarded as backed by an adequate capacity
to pay the preferred stock obligations. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate
protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are
more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make payments for a preferred
stock in this category than for issues in the A category.
BB, B, CCC - Preferred stock rated BB, B, and CCC are regarded, on
balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to
pay preferred stock obligations. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation
and CCC the highest. While such issues will likely have some quality and
protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major
risk exposures to adverse conditions.
To provide more detailed indications of preferred stock quality,
ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign
to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
LONG TERM DEBT
AAA--This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA--Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1.
B-23
<PAGE>
HOWARD EQUITY FUND
Statement of Additional Information
Dated December 6, 1998
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and it
should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated December 6, 1998, as may
be revised, of the HOWARD EQUITY FUND (the "Fund"), a series of Advisors Series
Trust (the "Trust"). Howard Capital Management. (the "Advisor") is the advisor
to the Fund. A copy of the Fund's Prospectus may be obtained from the Fund at 45
Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 1440, New York, NY 10111; telephone (212) 586-4800.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the Prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ..... B-2 Investment Objective and
Policies
Management ............................ B-12 Management of the Fund
Distribution Plan ..................... B-15 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .. B-15 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Turnover .................... B-16 Management of the Fund
Net Asset Value ....................... B-16 Investor Guide
Taxation .............................. B-17 Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ........... B-20 Dividends and Distributions
Performance Information ............... B-21 General Information
General Information ................... B-22 General Information
Appendix - Description of Ratings ..... B-22 Not applicable
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is seeking growth of capital which
it attempts to achieve by investing primarily in equity securities of large to
mid capitalization companies. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve
its objective. The discussion below supplements information contained in the
Fund's Prospectus as to investment policies of the Fund.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed-income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation attendant upon a market price advance in
the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
RISKS OF INVESTING IN DEBT SECURITIES
There are a number of risks generally associated with an investment in
debt securities (including convertible securities). Yields on short-,
intermediate-, and long-term debt securities depend on a variety of factors,
including the general condition of the money and bond markets, the size of a
particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the
issuer.
Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields
and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and
depreciation than obligations with short maturities and lower yields. The market
prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An
increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of such portfolio
investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value
of such portfolio investments.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN LOWER-RATED DEBT SECURITIES
The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in convertible debt
securities, which may be rated below "Baa" by Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
("Moody's") or "BBB" by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or below
investment grade by other recognized rating agencies, or in unrated debt
securities of comparable quality, as determined by the Advisor, under certain
circumstances. Securities with ratings below "Baa" and/or "BBB" are commonly
referred to as "junk bonds." Such bonds are subject to greater market
fluctuations and risk of loss of income and principal than higher-rated bonds
for a variety of reasons, including the following:
SENSITIVITY TO INTEREST RATE AND ECONOMIC CHANGES. The economy and
interest rates affect high yield securities differently from other securities.
For example, the prices of high yield bonds have been found to be less sensitive
to interest rate changes than higher-rated investments, but more sensitive to
adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments. Also, during an
economic downturn or substantial period of rising interest rates, highly
leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which could adversely affect
their ability to service their principal and interest obligations, to meet
projected business goals, and to obtain additional financing. If the issuer of a
bond defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In
addition, periods of economic uncertainty and changes can be expected to result
in increased volatility of market prices of high yield bonds and the value of
the Fund's assets.
B-2
<PAGE>
PAYMENT EXPECTATIONS. High yield bonds present certain risks based on
payment expectations. For example, high yield bonds may contain redemption and
call provisions. If an issuer exercises these provisions in a declining interest
rate market, the Fund would have to replace the security with a lower yielding
security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Conversely, a high
yield bond's value will decrease in a rising interest rate market, as will the
value of the Fund's assets. If the Fund experiences unexpected net redemptions,
it may be forced to sell its high yield bonds without regard to their investment
merits, thereby decreasing the asset base upon which the Fund's expenses can be
spread and possibly reducing the Fund's rate of return.
LIQUIDITY AND VALUATION. To the extent that there is no established
retail secondary market, there may be thin trading of high yield bonds, and this
may impact the Advisor's ability to accurately value high yield bonds and the
Fund's assets and hinder the Fund's ability to dispose of the bonds. Adverse
publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental
analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield bonds, especially
in a thinly traded market.
CREDIT RATINGS. Credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and
interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield bonds. Also, since
credit rating agencies may fail to timely change the credit ratings to reflect
subsequent events, the Advisor must monitor the issuers of high yield bonds in
the Fund's portfolio to determine if the issuers will have sufficient cash flow
and profits to meet required principal and interest payments, and to assure the
bonds' liquidity so the Fund can meet redemption requests. The Fund will not
necessarily dispose of a portfolio security when its rating has been changed.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS. The
Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks, savings and loan
associations or financial institutions which, at the time of purchase, have
capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including
assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published
reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such bank
obligations are fully insured by the U.S. Government. If the Fund holds
instruments of foreign banks or financial institutions, it may be subject to
additional investment risks that are different in some respects from those
incurred by a fund which invests only in debt obligations of U.S. domestic
issuers. See "Foreign Investments," below. Such risks include future political
and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by the
particular country in which the issuer is located on interest income payable on
the securities, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the
possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other foreign
governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal
and interest on these securities.
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objective and policies
stated above and in its Prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing time or
other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time deposits
are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a specified
period of time at a specified interest rate.
B-3
<PAGE>
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND SHORT-TERM NOTES. The Fund may invest a portion of
its assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists
of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Issues of commercial paper
and short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and
fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to
one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by S&P, "Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's,
or similarly rated by another nationally recognized statistical rating
organization or, if unrated, will be determined by the Advisor to be of
comparable quality. These rating symbols are described in the Appendix.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. The Fund
may invest in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of
daily cash positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees the Fund
bears in connection with its own operations, the Fund would also bear its pro
rata portion of each other investment company's advisory and operational
expenses.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these
governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned
on a sovereign debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic
performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet
such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties'
commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such
debtor's ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers that are not
publicly traded in the United States. The Fund may also invest in depository
receipts, purchase and sell foreign currency on a spot basis and enter into
forward currency contracts (see "Forward Currency Contracts," below).
B-4
<PAGE>
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the US economy in such
respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
MARKET CHARACTERISTICS. The Advisor expects that many foreign
securities in which the Fund invest will be purchased in over-the-counter
markets or on exchanges located in the countries in which the principal offices
of the issuers of the various securities are located, if that is the best
available market. Foreign exchanges and markets may be more volatile than those
in the United States. While growing in volume, they usually have substantially
less volume than U.S. markets, and the Fund's foreign securities may be less
liquid and more volatile than U.S. securities. Moreover, settlement practices
for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in U.S. markets, and
may include delays beyond periods customary in the United States. Foreign
security trading practices, including those involving securities settlement
where Fund assets may be released prior to receipt of payment or securities, may
expose the Fund to increased risk in the event of a failed trade or the
insolvency of a foreign broker-dealer.
LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS. Certain foreign countries may have less
supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less
financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United
States.
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
COSTS. To the extent that the Fund invests in foreign securities, its
expense ratio is likely to be higher than those of investment companies
investing only in domestic securities, since the cost of maintaining the custody
of foreign securities is higher.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign
company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the
particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of
securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also
factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of
the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the
Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts
will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the
Prospectus, depending on the Advisor's assessment of prevailing market, economic
and other conditions.
SECURITIES INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may purchase and write exchange-listed and over-the-counter
("OTC") put and call options on securities indices. A securities index measures
the movement of a certain group of securities by assigning relative values to
the securities included in the index, fluctuating with changes in the market
values of the securities included in the index. Securities index options may be
based on a broad or narrow market index or on a particular industry or market
segment.
B-5
<PAGE>
The expiration cycles of securities index options are monthly. An
option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive a cash
"exercise settlement amount" equal to (a) the amount, if any, by which the fixed
exercise price of the option exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in
the case of a call) the closing value of the underlying index on the date of
exercise, multiplied by (b) a fixed "index multiplier." Receipt of this cash
amount will depend upon the closing level of the securities index upon which the
option is based being greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the
case of a put, the exercise price of the index and the exercise price of the
option times a specified multiple. The writer of the option is obligated, in
return for the premium received, to make delivery of this amount.
Prior to their expirations, put and call options on stock indices may
be sold in closing sale or purchase transactions (sales or purchases by the Fund
prior to the exercise of options that it has purchased or written, respectively,
or options of the same series) in which the Fund may realize a profit or loss
from the sale. An option position may be closed out only where there exists a
secondary market for an option of the same series on a recognized securities
exchange or in the OTC market. When the Fund has purchased an option and engaged
in a closing sale transaction, whether the Fund realizes a profit or loss will
depend upon whether the amount received in the closing sale transaction is more
or less than the premium the Fund initially paid for the original option plus
the related transaction costs. Similarly, in cases where the Fund has written an
option, it will realize a profit if the cost of the closing purchase transaction
is less than the premium received upon writing the original option and will
incur a loss if the cost of the closing purchase transaction exceeds the premium
received upon writing the original option. The obligation of the Fund under an
option it has written would be terminated by a closing purchase transaction, but
the Fund would not be deemed to own an option as a result of the transaction.
There are several risks associated with transactions in options on
securities indices. Options may be more volatile than the underlying instruments
and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject
to greater fluctuations than an investment in the underlying instruments
themselves. A liquid secondary market for particular options may be absent for
reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest
in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening
transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or
other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series
of options; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations
on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or clearing corporation may not at
all times be adequate to handle current trading volume; or one or more exchanges
could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date
to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of
options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class
or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that
had been issued by a clearing corporation as a result of trades on that exchange
would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES
The Fund may enter into interest rate and stock index futures contracts
and purchase and write (sell) options on stock index futures traded on exchanges
designated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the "CFTC") or
consistent with CFTC regulations. These transactions may be entered into for
"bona fide hedging" purposes as defined in CFTC regulations and other
permissible purposes including hedging against changes in the value of portfolio
securities due to anticipated changes in interest rates and/or market conditions
and increasing return.
The Fund will not enter into futures contracts and related options for
which the aggregate initial margin and premiums (discussed below) required to
establish positions other than those considered to be "bona fide hedging" by the
CFTC exceed 5% of the Fund's net assets after taking into account unrealized
profits and unrealized losses on any such contracts it has entered into. The
Fund reserves the right to engage in transactions involving futures contracts
and options on futures contracts to the extent allowed by CFTC regulations in
effect from time to time and in accordance with the Fund's policies. Although
the Fund is limited in the amount of assets it may invest in futures
transactions, there is no overall limit on the percentage of Fund assets that
may be at risk with respect to futures activities.
B-6
<PAGE>
FUTURES CONTRACTS. An interest rate futures contract provides for the
future sale by one party and the purchase by the other party of a certain amount
of a specific interest rate sensitive financial instrument (debt security) at a
specified price, date, time and place. Securities indices are capitalization
weighted indices which reflect the market value of the securities listed on the
indices. A securities index futures contract is an agreement to be settled by
delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified multiplier times the
difference between the value of the index at the close of the last trading day
on the contract and the price at which the agreement is made.
No consideration is paid or received by the Fund upon entering into a
futures contract. Instead, the Fund is required to deposit in a segregated
account with its custodian an amount of cash or liquid securities acceptable to
the broker, equal to approximately 1% to 10% of the contract amount (this amount
is subject to change by the exchange on which the contract is traded, and
brokers may charge a higher amount). This amount is known as "initial margin"
and is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract
which is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract, assuming
all contractual obligations have been satisfied. The broker will have access to
amounts in the margin account if the Fund fails to meet its contractual
obligations. Subsequent payments, known as "variation margin," to and from the
broker, will be made daily as the financial instrument or stock index underlying
the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the
futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as "marking-to-market."
The Fund will also incur brokerage costs in connection with entering into
futures transactions.
At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract, the Fund may
elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate
to terminate the Fund's existing position in the contract. Positions in futures
contracts and options on futures contracts (described below) may be closed out
only on the exchange on which they were entered into (or through a linked
exchange). No secondary market for such contracts exists. Although the Fund
intends to enter into futures contracts only if there is an active market for
such contracts, there is no assurance that an active market will exist at any
particular time. Most futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation
permitted in futures contract prices during a single trading day. Once the daily
limit has been reached in a particular contract, no trades may be made that day
at a price beyond that limit or trading may be suspended for specified periods
during the day. It is possible that futures contract prices could move to the
daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading,
thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions at an advantageous
price and subjecting the Fund to substantial losses. In such event, and in the
event of adverse price movements, the Fund would be required to make daily cash
payments of variation margin. In such situations, if the Fund had insufficient
cash, it might have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin
requirements at a time when it would be disadvantageous to do so. In addition,
if the transaction is entered into for hedging purposes, in such circumstances
the Fund may realize a loss on a futures contract or option that is not offset
by an increase in the value of the hedged position. Losses incurred in futures
transactions and the costs of these transactions will affect the Fund's
performance.
OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may purchase and write put and
call options on index futures contracts and may enter into closing transactions
with respect to such options to terminate existing positions. There is no
guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected; the ability to
establish and close out positions on such options will be subject to the
existence of a liquid market.
An option on an index futures contract, as contrasted with the direct
investment in such a contract, gives the purchaser the right, in return for the
premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise
price at any time prior to the expiration date of the option. The writer of the
option is required upon exercise to assume an offsetting futures position (a
short position if the option is a call and a long position if the option is a
put). Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the
writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery
of the accumulated balance in the writer's futures margin account, which
represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds,
in the case of a call, or is less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price
of the option on the futures contract. The potential loss related to the
purchase of options on futures contracts is limited to the premium paid for the
option (plus transaction costs). Because the value of the option is fixed at the
point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect
changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the
option does change daily and that change would be reflected in the net asset
value of the Fund.
B-7
<PAGE>
ASSET COVERAGE FOR OPTIONS, FUTURES AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES. The Fund
will comply with guidelines established by the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC") with respect to coverage of options written by the Fund
on indices; interest rate and index futures contracts and options on these
futures contracts. These guidelines may, in certain instances, require
segregation by the Fund of cash or liquid high-grade debt securities or other
securities that are acceptable as collateral to the appropriate regulatory
authority. A call option written by the Fund on an index may require the Fund to
own portfolio securities that correlate with the index or to segregate assets
(as described above) equal to the excess of the index value over the exercise
price on a current basis. A put option written by the Fund may require the Fund
to segregate assets (as described above) equal to the exercise price. The Fund
could purchase a put option if the strike price of that option is the same or
higher than the strike price of a put option sold by the Fund. If the Fund holds
a futures contract, the Fund could purchase a put option on the same futures
contract with a strike price as high or higher than the price of the contract
held. A Fund may enter into fully or partially offsetting transactions so that
its net position, coupled with any segregated assets (equal to any remaining
obligation), equals its net obligation. Asset coverage may be achieved by other
means when consistent with applicable regulatory policies.
FORWARD CURRENCY CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts in anticipation of
changes in currency exchange rates. A forward currency contract is an obligation
to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed
number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. For example, the Fund might purchase a
particular currency or enter into a forward currency contract to preserve the
U.S. dollar price of securities it intends to or has contracted to purchase.
Alternatively, it might sell a particular currency on either a spot or forward
basis to hedge against an anticipated decline in the U.S. dollar value of
securities it intends to or has contracted to sell. Although this strategy could
minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency,
it could also limit any potential gain from an increase in the value of the
currency.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940
Act").
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will segregate liquid
assets equal to the amount of the commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be
required subsequently to segregate additional assets in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash.
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objective.
Because the Fund will segregate assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in
the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of the Advisor to
manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's forward commitments,
commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever
exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
B-8
<PAGE>
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain an advantageous price.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, a
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
BORROWING
The Fund may borrow money from banks for leverage, from time to time
for temporary, extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of
transactions in amounts up to one-third of the value of its total assets at the
time of such borrowings. The use of borrowing by the Fund involves special risk
considerations that may not be associated with other funds having similar
objectives and policies. Since substantially all of the Fund's assets fluctuate
in value, while the interest obligation resulting from a borrowing will be fixed
by the terms of the Fund's agreement with its lender, the net asset value per
share of the Fund will tend to increase more when its portfolio securities
increase in value and to decrease more when its portfolio assets decrease in
value than would otherwise be the case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In
addition, interest costs on borrowings may fluctuate with changing market rates
of interest and may partially offset or exceed the return earned on borrowed
funds. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have to sell portfolio
securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental
investment considerations would not favor such sales.
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding
30% of its total assets to financial institutions such as banks and brokers if
the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulations. Under the
present regulatory requirements which govern loans of portfolio securities, the
loan collateral must, on each business day, at least equal the value of the
loaned securities and must consist of cash, letters of credit of domestic banks
or domestic branches of foreign banks, or securities of the U.S. Government or
its agencies. To be acceptable as collateral, letters of credit must obligate a
bank to pay amounts demanded by the Fund if the demand meets the terms of the
letter. Such terms and the issuing bank would have to be satisfactory to the
Fund. Any loan might be secured by any one or more of the three types of
collateral. The terms of the Fund's loans must permit the Fund to reacquire
loaned securities on five days' notice or in time to vote on any serious matter
and must meet certain tests under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code").
SHORT SALES
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities. In a short
sale, the Fund sells a security which it does not own, in anticipation of a
decline in the market value of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must
borrow the security (generally from the broker through which the short sale is
made) in order to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to
replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time
of replacement. The Fund is said to have a "short position" in the securities
sold until it delivers them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has
a short position can range from as little as one day to more than a year. Until
the security is replaced, the proceeds of the short sale are retained by the
broker, and the Fund is required to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of
any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To meet
current margin requirements, the Fund is also required to deposit with the
broker additional cash or securities so that the total deposit with the broker
is maintained daily at 150% of the current market value of the securities sold
short (100% of the current market value if a security is held in the account
that is convertible or exchangeable into the security sold short within 90 days
without restriction other than the payment of money).
B-9
<PAGE>
Short sales by the Fund create opportunities to increase the Fund's
return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be
considered a speculative technique. Since the Fund in effect profits from a
decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the
full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, the Fund's
net asset value per share will tend to increase more when the securities it has
sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has
sold short increase in value, than would otherwise be the case if it had not
engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the
amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or
interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.
Furthermore, under adverse market conditions the Fund might have difficulty
purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might
have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its
short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations
would not favor such sales.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests
within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted
securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and
delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of
securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act,
the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
RISKS OF INVESTING IN SMALL COMPANIES
As stated in the Prospectus, the Fund may purchase securities of
companies with market capitalization of less than $1 billion. Additional risks
of such investments include the markets on which such securities are frequently
traded. In many instances the securities of smaller companies are traded only
over-the-counter or on a regional securities exchange, and the frequency and
volume of their trading is substantially less than is typical of larger
companies. Therefore, the securities of smaller companies may be subject to
greater and more abrupt price fluctuations. When making large sales, the Fund
may have to sell portfolio holdings at discounts from quoted prices or may have
to make a series of small sales over an extended period of time due to the
trading volume of smaller company securities. Investors should be aware that,
based on the foregoing factors, an investment in the Fund may be subject to
greater price fluctuations than an investment in a fund that invests exclusively
in larger, more established companies. The Advisor's research efforts may also
play a greater role in selecting securities for the Fund than in a fund that
invests in larger, more established companies.
B-10
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. If a
percentage representation is adhered to at the time of investment, a subsequent
increase or decrease in percentage resulting from a change in the value of
assets will not constitute a violation of that restriction, except with respect
to policies on borrowing and illiquid securities, or as otherwise noted.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund is diversified; I.E., as to
75% of the value of a its total assets: (i) no more than 5% of the value of its
total assets may be invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than
U.S. Government securities); and (ii) the Fund's position in any single issuer
may not represent more than 10% of such issuer's voting securities. The Fund's
investment objective is also fundamental.
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. Issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge its assets, except
that (i) the Fund may borrow from banks for leverage, for temporary or emergency
purposes or for the clearance of transactions in amounts not exceeding one-third
of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) and (ii) this restriction
shall not prohibit the Fund from engaging in options, futures and foreign
currency transactions or short sales;
2. Purchase securities on margin, except such short-term credits as may
be necessary for the clearance of transactions, except that the Fund may borrow
money from banks to purchase securities;
3. Act as underwriter (except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to
be an underwriter in connection with the sale of securities in its investment
portfolio);
4. Invest 25% or more of its total assets, calculated at the time of
purchase and taken at market value, in any one industry (other than U.S.
Government securities);
5. Purchase or sell real estate or interests in real estate or real
estate limited partnerships (although the Fund may purchase and sell securities
which are secured by real estate and securities of companies which invest or
deal in real estate);
6. Purchase or sell commodities or commodity futures contracts, except
that the Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and related options and
foreign currency contracts in accordance with any rules of the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission;
7. Make loans of money (except for purchases of debt securities
consistent with the investment policies of the Fund and except for repurchase
agreements); or
The Fund observes the following restrictions as a matter of operating
but not fundamental policy, pursuant to positions taken by federal regulatory
authorities:
The Fund may not:
1. Invest in the securities of other investment companies or purchase
any other investment company's voting securities or make any other investment in
other investment companies except to the extent permitted by federal law; or
2. Invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities which are
restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or have no readily
available market (except for securities which are determined by the Board of
Trustees to be liquid).
B-11
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objective and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter E. Auch, Sr. (born 1921) Trustee Director, Nicholas-Applegate Mutual Funds, Brinson
6001 N. 62nd Place Funds (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Advisors L.P., Semele Group, Semele Land Fund II
and Legend Properties.
Eric M. Banhazl (born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration,
2020 E. Financial Way President and LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
Glendora, CA 91741 Treasurer RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight
Investment Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed
Portfolios.
Donald E. O'Connor (born 1936) Trustee Financial Consultant; Director, The Parnassus Fund and
1700 Taylor Avenue The Parnassus Income Fund; formerly Executive Vice
Fort Washington, MD 10744 President and Chief Operating Officer of ICI Mutual
Insurance Company (until January 1997), Vice President,
Operations, Investment Company Institute (until June 1993).
George T. Wofford III (born 1939) Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan
305 Glendora Circle Bank of San Francisco (since March 1993); formerly
Danville, CA 94526 Director of Management Information Services, Morrison &
Foerster (law firm).
Steven J. Paggioli (born 1950) Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth &
915 Broadway President Associates, Inc., Investment Company Administration,
New York, NY 10012 LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
President and Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios;
Trustee, Managers Funds
Robert H. Wadsworth (born 1940) Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.,
4455 E. Camelback Road President Investment Company Administration, LLC and First
Suite 261-E Fund Distributors, Inc.; Vice President, Professionally
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Managed Portfolios; President, Guinness Flight Investment
Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund, Inc., New Germany
Fund, Inc., Central European Equity Fund, Inc. and
Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris O. Kissack (born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration,
4455 E. Camelback Road LLC (since July 1996); formerly employed by Bank
Suite 261-E One, N.A. (From August 1995 until July 1996); O'Connor,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth and Beshears (law
firm) (until August 1995)
</TABLE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
B-12
<PAGE>
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST
- ----------------- -------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the
Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's Prospectus, SAI, and undertakings; and such
other limitations, policies and procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may
impose from time to time in writing to the Advisor. In providing such services,
the Advisor shall at all times adhere to the provisions and restrictions
contained in the federal securities laws, applicable state securities laws, the
Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's Prospectus, SAI, and sales and advertising materials (but
not the legal, auditing or accounting fees attendant thereto) to prospective
investors (but not to existing shareholders); and the costs of any special Board
of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings convened for the primary benefit of
the Advisor.
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the Fund's Prospectus. In addition to the
fees payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Fund is responsible for
its operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with
the issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
Prospectuses and SAIs of the Fund or other communications for distribution to
existing shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association
dues; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining
registration of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and
foreign securities laws; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder
accounts, including all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping,
dividend disbursing, redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund,
if any; and all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary
and non-recurring expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory
Agreement.
B-13
<PAGE>
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund operating
expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual operating
expenses to the limit set forth in the Expense Table in the Fund's Prospectus
(the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the Advisor in its fees or
payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are subject to reimbursement
by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the Advisor, in subsequent fiscal
years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the Fund toward the operating
expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the reimbursement) does not
exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The Advisor is permitted to
be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense payments made in the previous
three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back five years and four years,
respectively, during the initial six years and seventh year of the Fund's
operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent upon Board of Trustees'
subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed amounts. Such reimbursement
may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of current ordinary operating
expenses.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Advisory Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days' written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days' written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. Investment Company Administration, LLC (the
"Administrator") has agreed to be responsible for providing such services as the
Trustees may reasonably request, including but not limited to (i) maintaining
the Trust's books and records (other than financial or accounting books and
records maintained by any custodian, transfer agent or accounting services
agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance relationships; (iii) preparing for
the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or auditors in the preparation of) all
required tax returns, proxy statements and reports to the Trust's shareholders
and Trustees and reports to and other filings with the SEC and any other
governmental agency (the Trust agreeing to supply or cause to be supplied to the
Administrator all necessary financial and other information in connection with
the foregoing); (iv) preparing such applications and reports as may be necessary
to permit the offer and sale of the shares of the Trust under the securities or
"blue sky" laws of the various states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing
to pay all filing fees or other similar fees in connection therewith); (v)
responding to all inquiries or other communications of shareholders, if any,
which are directed to the Administrator, or if any such inquiry or communication
is more properly to be responded to by the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or
accounting services agent, overseeing their response thereto; (vi) overseeing
all relationships between the Trust and any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and
accounting services agent(s), including the negotiation of agreements and the
supervision of the performance of such agreements; and (vii) authorizing and
directing any of the Administrator's directors, officers and employees who may
be elected as Trustees or officers of the Trust to serve in the capacities in
which they are elected. All services to be furnished by the Administrator under
this Agreement may be furnished through the medium of any such directors,
officers or employees of the Administrator. For its services, the Administrator
receives a fee monthly at the following annual rates:
B-14
<PAGE>
Fund Asset Level Fee Rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund will
pay distribution and related expenses up to 0.50% of its average daily net
assets to the Advisor as Distribution Coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid
include preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports
such as semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters,
sales literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct
mail solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales
personnel, advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to
the distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
The Plan allows excess distribution expenses to be carried forward by
the Advisor, as Distribution Coordinator, and resubmitted in a subsequent fiscal
year, provided that (i) distribution expenses cannot be carried forward for more
than three years following initial submission; (ii) the Trustees have made a
determination at the time of initial submission that the distribution expenses
are appropriate to be carried forward and (iii) the Trustees make a further
determination, at the time any distribution expenses which have been carried
forward are submitted for payment, that payment at the time is appropriate,
consistent with the objectives of the Plan and in the current best interests of
shareholders.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
B-15
<PAGE>
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by the Advisory Agreement or
otherwise solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or
dealer that provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to
the Advisor an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in
excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged
for effecting that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that
such amount of commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the
brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in
terms of either that particular transaction or the Advisor's overall
responsibilities with respect to the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to
allocate the orders placed by it on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or
dealers who also provide research or statistical material, or other services, to
the Trust, the Advisor, or any affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in
such amounts and proportions as the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor
shall report on such allocations regularly to the Trust, indicating the
broker-dealers to whom such allocations have been made and the basis therefor.
The Advisor is also authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a
factor in the selection of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions,
subject to the requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or
dealers are able to execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable
securities price.
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading
purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time
they have been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment
considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by
dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the
fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities
owned during the fiscal year. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur if all
the securities in the Fund's portfolio, with the exception of securities whose
maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and
either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio
turnover (100% or more) generally leads to transaction costs and may result in a
greater number of taxable transactions. The Advisor will not necessarily limit
portfolio turnover to this level. See "Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage."
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open for the following holidays: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, trading in and valuation of foreign securities is
substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the
NYSE. In addition, trading in and valuation of foreign securities may not take
place on every day in which the NYSE is open for trading. In that case, the
price used to determine the Fund's net asset value on the last day on which the
NYSE was open will be used, unless the Trust's Board of Trustees determines that
a different price should be used. Furthermore, trading takes place in various
foreign markets on days in which the NYSE is not open for trading and on which
the Fund's net asset value is not calculated. Occasionally, events affecting the
values of such securities in U.S. dollars on a day on which the Fund calculates
its net asset value may occur between the times when such securities are valued
and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the
Fund's net asset value unless the Board or its delegates deem that such events
would materially affect the net asset value, in which case an adjustment would
be made.
B-16
<PAGE>
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
Corporate debt securities are valued on the basis of valuations
provided by dealers in those instruments, by an independent pricing service,
approved by the Board, or at fair value as determined in good faith by
procedures approved by the Board. Any such pricing service, in determining
value, will use information with respect to transactions in the securities being
valued, quotations from dealers, market transactions in comparable securities,
analyses and evaluations of various relationships between securities and yield
to maturity information.
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An
option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price
or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. If an options
exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset value.
Any assets or liabilities initially expressed in terms of foreign
currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the official exchange rate or,
alternatively, at the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such
currencies against the U.S. dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular
participant in the foreign exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service
that takes into account the quotes provided by a number of such major banks. If
neither of these alternatives is available or both are deemed not to provide a
suitable methodology for converting a foreign currency into U.S. dollars, the
Board in good faith will establish a conversion rate for such currency.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated
investment company under Subchapter M of the Code for each taxable year by
complying with all applicable requirements regarding the source of its income,
the diversification of its assets, and the timing of its distributions. The
Fund's policy is to distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company
taxable income and any net realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a
manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the
Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes based on net
income. However, the Board may elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines
that payment is, under the circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
B-17
<PAGE>
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock and securities, gains from the
sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currency gains
related to investments in stock or securities, or other income (generally
including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect
to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and (b) diversify
its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the
market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. Government
securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other
securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of other
securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund's
assets or 10% or the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more than 25%
of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer
(other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account Application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the Fund's Prospectus. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock of securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
B-18
<PAGE>
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be a
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts and
foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code, rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the Fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is a
dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
B-19
<PAGE>
Redemptions of shares of the Fund will result in gains or losses for
tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and the
shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption of shares within six months from their date of purchase will be
treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of long-term
capital gain dividends with respect to such shares during such six-month period.
All or a portion of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares of the Fund
may be disallowed to the extent shares of the Fund are purchased (including
shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30 days before or after
such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisors concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, and dividends paid on short sales, is the Fund's net
investment income, substantially all of which will be declared as dividends to
the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing long-term
capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital gain. After
deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the balance (to the
extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the eight previous
taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term capital gains in the
hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time the Fund's shares may
have been held by the shareholders. For more information concerning applicable
capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
B-20
<PAGE>
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
B-21
<PAGE>
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company
organized as a Delaware Business Trust under the laws of the State of Delaware
on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 14 SERIES of shares of
beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. The Agreement and Declaration of
Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional
shares of beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater
or lesser number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial
interest in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund
proportionately equal to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund's
liquidation, all shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund
available for distribution to shareholders.
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of
stock certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by
the registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented
by such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created 14 SERIES of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, each of which have
separate assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
The Fund's Custodian, Star Bank, N.A., 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45202, is responsible for holding the Fund's assets. American Data
Services, Inc., 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 109, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts as the
Fund's accounting services agent. The Fund's independent accountants, McGladrey
& Pullen, LLP, assist in the preparation of certain reports to the SEC and the
Fund's tax returns.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa-Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A-Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa-Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
B-22
<PAGE>
Ba-Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements;
their future cannot be considered as well-assured. Often the protection of
interest and principal payments may be very moderate, and thereby not well
safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of
position characterizes bonds in this class.
B-Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the
desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of
maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be
small.
Caa-Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be
in default or there may be present elements of danger which respect to principal
or interest.
Ca-Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative
in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked
shortcomings.
C-Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and
issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever
attaining any real investment standing.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" in each generic
rating classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond rating system. The
modifier "1" indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier "2" indicates a mid-range ranking; and the
modifier "3" indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic
rating category.
STANDARD & POOR'S RATINGS GROUP: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
AAA-This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA-Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A-Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB-Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
BB-Bonds rated BB have less near-term vulnerability to default than
other speculative issues. However, they face major ongoing uncertainties or
exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions which could lead
to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The "BB"
rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is
assigned an actual or implied "BB-" rating.
B-Bonds rated B have a greater vulnerability to default but currently
have the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse
business, financial or economic conditions will likely impair capacity or
willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The "B" rating is also used for
debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied "BB" or
"BB-" rating.
CCC-Bonds rated CCC have currently identifiable vulnerability to
default, and are dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic
conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the
event of adverse business, financial or economic conditions, they are not likely
to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The "CCC" rating
category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an
actual ir implied "B" or "B-" rating.
C-This rating is typically applied to debt subordinated to senior debt
which is assigned an actual or implied "CCC-" debt rating. The "C" rating may be
used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt
service payments are continued.
B-23
<PAGE>
CI-This rating is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is
being paid.
D-Bonds rated D are in payment default. The "D" rating category is used
when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even
if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such
payments will be made during such grace period. The "D" rating also will be used
upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are
jeopardized.
Plus (+) or Minus(-)--The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by
the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major
categories.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B-24
<PAGE>
SEGALL BRYANT & HAMILL MID CAP FUND
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dated February 26, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and it
should be read in conjunction with the prospectus dated February 26, 1999, as
may be revised, of the SEGALL BRYANT & HAMILL MID CAP FUND (the "Fund"), a
series of Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). Segall Bryant & Hamill (the
"Advisor") is the advisor to the Fund. A copy of the prospectus may be obtained
from the Fund c/o American Data Services, Inc., P.O. Box 5536, Hauppauge, NY
11788-0132 or by calling toll free at 877-829-8413.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objectives and Policies ...... B-2 Investment Objectives and
Policies
Management .............................. B-14 Management of the Fund
Distribution Plan ....................... B-17 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .... B-17 Management of the Fund
Portfolio Turnover ...................... B-18 Management of the Fund
Net Asset Value ......................... B-18 Investor Guide
Taxation ................................ B-19 Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ............. B-22 Dividends and Distributions
Performance Information ................. B-22 General Information
General Information ..................... B-23 General Information
Appendix - Description of Ratings ....... B-24 Not applicable
B-1
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to seek growth of capital with
income as a secondary objective. The Fund attempts to achieve its objectives by
investing primarily in securities of medium capitalization companies. There is
no assurance that the Fund will achieve its objectives. The discussion below
supplements information contained in the prospectus as to investment policies of
the Fund.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES AND WARRANTS
The Fund may invest in convertible securities and warrants. A
convertible security is a fixed-income security (a debt instrument or a
preferred stock) which may be converted at a stated price within a specified
period of time into a certain quantity of the common stock of the same or a
different issuer. Convertible securities are senior to common stocks in an
issuer's capital structure, but are usually subordinated to similar
non-convertible securities. While providing a fixed income stream (generally
higher in yield than the income derivable from common stock but lower than that
afforded by a similar nonconvertible security), a convertible security also
affords an investor the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to
participate in the capital appreciation attendant upon a market price advance in
the convertible security's underlying common stock.
A warrant gives the holder a right to purchase at any time during a
specified period a predetermined number of shares of common stock at a fixed
price. Unlike convertible debt securities or preferred stock, warrants do not
pay a fixed dividend. Investments in warrants involve certain risks, including
the possible lack of a liquid market for resale of the warrants, potential price
fluctuations as a result of speculation or other factors, and failure of the
price of the underlying security to reach or have reasonable prospects of
reaching a level at which the warrant can be prudently exercised (in which event
the warrant may expire without being exercised, resulting in a loss of the
Fund's entire investment therein).
RISKS OF INVESTING IN DEBT SECURITIES
There are a number of risks generally associated with an investment in
debt securities (including convertible securities). Yields on short-,
intermediate-, and long-term securities depend on a variety of factors,
including the general condition of the money and bond markets, the size of a
particular offering, the maturity of the obligation, and the rating of the
issue.
Debt securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields
and are generally subject to potentially greater capital appreciation and
depreciation than obligations with short maturities and lower yields. The market
prices of debt securities usually vary, depending upon available yields. An
increase in interest rates will generally reduce the value of such portfolio
investments, and a decline in interest rates will generally increase the value
of such portfolio investments.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS. The
Fund may acquire certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time
deposits. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against
funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic or foreign banks, savings and loan
associations or financial institutions which, at the time of purchase, have
capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including
assets of both domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published
reports, or less than $100 million if the principal amount of such bank
obligations are fully insured by the U.S. Government. If the Fund holds
instruments of foreign banks or financial institutions, it may be subject to
additional investment risks that are different in some respects from those
incurred by a fund which invests only in debt obligations of U.S. domestic
issuers. See "Foreign Investments" below. Such risks include future political
and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes by the
particular country in which the issuer is located on interest income payable on
the securities, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, the
possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other foreign
governmental restrictions which might adversely affect the payment of principal
and interest on these securities.
B-2
<PAGE>
Domestic banks and foreign banks are subject to different governmental
regulations with respect to the amount and types of loans which may be made and
interest rates which may be charged. In addition, the profitability of the
banking industry depends largely upon the availability and cost of funds for the
purpose of financing lending operations under prevailing money market
conditions. General economic conditions as well as exposure to credit losses
arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers play an important part
in the operations of the banking industry.
As a result of federal and state laws and regulations, domestic banks
are, among other things, required to maintain specified levels of reserves,
limited in the amount which they can loan to a single borrower, and subject to
other regulations designed to promote financial soundness. However, such laws
and regulations do not necessarily apply to foreign bank obligations that the
Fund may acquire.
In addition to purchasing certificates of deposit and bankers'
acceptances, to the extent permitted under its investment objectives and
policies stated above and in its prospectus, the Fund may make interest-bearing
time or other interest-bearing deposits in commercial or savings banks. Time
deposits are non-negotiable deposits maintained at a banking institution for a
specified period of time at a specified interest rate.
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND SHORT-TERM NOTES. The Fund may invest a portion of
its assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists
of unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Issues of commercial paper
and short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and
fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to
one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at
the time of purchase "A-2" or higher by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group,
"Prime-1" or "Prime-2" by Moody's Investors Service, Inc., or similarly rated by
another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated,
will be determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating
symbols are described in the Appendix.
INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund may under certain circumstances invest a portion of its assets
in other investment companies, including money market funds. An investment in a
mutual fund will involve payment by the Fund of its pro rata share of advisory
and administrative fees charged by such fund.
GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS
The Fund may make short-term investments in U.S. Government
obligations. Such obligations include Treasury bills, certificates of
indebtedness, notes and bonds, and issues of such entities as the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Export-Import Bank of the United States,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Resolution Funding Corporation, Farmers Home
Administration, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks,
Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, Federal Housing Administration,
Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation, and the Student Loan Marketing Association.
Some of these obligations, such as those of the GNMA, are supported by
the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury; others, such as those of the
Export-Import Bank of United States, are supported by the right of the issuer to
borrow from the Treasury; others, such as those of the FNMA, are supported by
the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's
obligations; still others, such as those of the Student Loan Marketing
Association, are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality. No
assurance can be given that the U.S. Government would provide financial support
to U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities if it is not obligated to do so
by law.
The Fund may invest in sovereign debt obligations of foreign countries.
A sovereign debtor's willingness or ability to repay principal and interest in a
timely manner may be affected by a number of factors, including its cash flow
situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient
foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt
service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign debtor's policy toward
principal international lenders and the political constraints to which it may be
subject. Emerging market governments could default on their sovereign debt. Such
sovereign debtors also may be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign
governments, multilateral agencies and other entities abroad to reduce principal
and interest arrearages on their debt. The commitments on the part of these
governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned
on a sovereign debtor's implementation of economic reforms and/or economic
performance and the timely service of such debtor's obligations. Failure to meet
such conditions could result in the cancellation of such third parties'
commitments to lend funds to the sovereign debtor, which may further impair such
debtor's ability or willingness to service its debt in a timely manner.
B-3
<PAGE>
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND CURRENCIES
The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers that are not
publicly traded in the United States. The Fund may also invest in depositary
receipts, purchase and sell foreign currency on a spot basis and enter into
forward currency contracts (see "Forward Currency Contracts," below).
RISKS OF INVESTING IN FOREIGN SECURITIES. Investments in foreign
securities involve certain inherent risks, including the following:
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS. Individual foreign economies of certain
countries may differ favorably or unfavorably from the US economy in such
respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital
reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, diversification and balance of payments
position. The internal politics of certain foreign countries may not be as
stable as those of the United States. Governments in certain foreign countries
also continue to participate to a significant degree, through ownership interest
or regulation, in their respective economies. Action by these governments could
include restrictions on foreign investment, nationalization, expropriation of
goods or imposition of taxes, and could have a significant effect on market
prices of securities and payment of interest. The economies of many foreign
countries are heavily dependent upon international trade and are accordingly
affected by the trade policies and economic conditions of their trading
partners. Enactment by these trading partners of protectionist trade legislation
could have a significant adverse effect upon the securities markets of such
countries.
CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. Accordingly, a change in the value of any such currency
against the U.S. dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar
value of the Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also
affect the Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected
significantly by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted
from time to time.
EURO CONVERSION. The Fund may invest in securities denominated in
foreign currencies. A change in the value of any such currency against the U.S.
dollar will result in a corresponding change in the U.S. dollar value of the
Fund's assets denominated in that currency. Such changes will also affect the
Fund's income. The value of the Fund's assets may also be affected significantly
by currency restrictions and exchange control regulations enacted from time to
time.
MARKET CHARACTERISTICS. The Advisor expects that many foreign
securities in which the Fund invest will be purchased in over-the-counter
markets or on exchanges located in the countries in which the principal offices
of the issuers of the various securities are located, if that is the best
available market. Foreign exchanges and markets may be more volatile than those
in the United States. While growing in volume, they usually have substantially
less volume than U.S. markets, and the Fund's foreign securities may be less
liquid and more volatile than U.S. securities. Moreover, settlement practices
for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in United States
markets, and may include delays beyond periods customary in the United States.
Foreign security trading practices, including those involving securities
settlement where Fund assets may be released prior to receipt of payment or
securities, may expose the Fund to increased risk in the event of a failed trade
or the insolvency of a foreign broker-dealer.
LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS. Certain foreign countries may have less
supervision of securities markets, brokers and issuers of securities, and less
financial information available to issuers, than is available in the United
States.
B-4
<PAGE>
TAXES. The interest and dividends payable on certain of the Fund's
foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, thus
reducing the net amount of income available for distribution to the Fund's
shareholders.
COSTS. To the extent that the Fund invests in foreign securities, its
expense ratio is likely to be higher than those of investment companies
investing only in domestic securities, since the cost of maintaining the custody
of foreign securities is higher.
EMERGING MARKETS. Some of the securities in which the Fund may invest
may be located in developing or emerging markets, which entail additional risks,
including less social, political and economic stability; smaller securities
markets and lower trading volume, which may result in less liquidity and greater
price volatility; national policies that may restrict the Fund's investment
opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries, or
expropriation or confiscation of assets or property; and less developed legal
structures governing private or foreign investment.
In considering whether to invest in the securities of a foreign
company, the Advisor considers such factors as the characteristics of the
particular company, differences between economic trends and the performance of
securities markets within the U.S. and those within other countries, and also
factors relating to the general economic, governmental and social conditions of
the country or countries where the company is located. The extent to which the
Fund will be invested in foreign companies and countries and depository receipts
will fluctuate from time to time within the limitations described in the
prospectus, depending on the Advisor's assessment of prevailing market, economic
and other conditions.
OPTIONS AND FUTURES STRATEGIES
The Fund may purchase put and call options and engage in the writing of
covered call options and secured put options, and employ a variety of other
investment techniques. Specifically, the Fund may engage in the purchase and
sale of stock index future contracts, interest rate futures contracts, and
options on such futures, all as described more fully below. Such investment
policies and techniques may involve a greater degree of risk than those
inherentin more conservative investment approaches.
The Fund will engage in such transactions only to hedge existing
positions and not for the purposes of speculation or leverage. The Fund will not
engage in such options or futures transactions unless it receives any necessary
regulatory approvals permitting it to engage in such transactions.
OPTIONS ON SECURITIES. To hedge against adverse market shifts, the Fund
may purchase put and call options on securities held in its portfolio. In
addition, the Fund may seek to increase its income in an amount designed to meet
operating expenses or may hedge a portion of its portfolio investments through
writing (that is, selling) "covered" put and call options. A put option provides
its purchaser with the right to compel the writer of the option to purchase from
the option holder an underlying security at a specified price at any time during
or at the end of the option period. In contrast, a call option gives the
purchaser the right to buy the underlying security covered by the option from
the writer of the option at the stated exercise price. A covered call option
contemplates that, for so long as the Fund is obligated as the writer of the
option, it will own (1) the underlying securities subject to the option or (2)
securities convertible into, or exchangeable without the payment of any
consideration for, the securities subject to the option. The value of the
underlying securities on which covered call options will be written at any one
time by the Fund will not exceed 25% of the Fund's total assets. The Fund will
be considered "covered" with respect to a put option it writes if, so long as it
is obligated as the writer of a put option, it segregates cash or liquid
high-grade debt obligations that are acceptable to the appropriate regulatory
authority.
The Fund may purchase options on securities that are listed on
securities exchanges or that are traded over-the-counter ("OTC"). As the holder
of a put option, the Fund has the right to sell the securities underlying the
option and as the holder of a call option, the Fund has the right to purchase
the securities underlying the option, in each case at the option's exercise
price at any time prior to, or on, the option's expiration date. The Fund may
choose to exercise the options it holds, permit them to expire or terminate them
prior to their expiration by entering into closing sale transactions. In
entering into a closing sale transaction, the Fund would sell an option of the
same series as the one it has purchased.
B-5
<PAGE>
The Fund receives a premium when it writes call options, which
increases the Fund's return on the underlying security in the event the option
expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. By writing a call, the Fund
limits its opportunity to profit from an increase in the market value of the
underlying security above the exercise price of the option for as long as the
Fund's obligation as writer of the option continues. The Fund receives a premium
when it writes put options, which increases the Fund's return on the underlying
security in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a
profit. By writing a put, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from an
increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price
of the option for as long as the Fund's obligation as writer of the option
continues. Thus, in some periods, the Fund will receive less total return and in
other periods greater total return from its hedged positions than it would have
received from its underlying securities if unhedged.
In purchasing a put option, the Fund seeks to benefit from a decline in
the market price of the underlying security, whereas in purchasing a call
option, the Fund seeks to benefit from an increase in the market price of the
underlying security. If an option purchased is not sold or exercised when it has
remaining value, or if the market price of the underlying security remains equal
to or greater than the exercise price, in the case of a put, or remains equal to
or below the exercise price, in the case of a call, during the life of the
option, the Fund will lose its investment in the option. For the purchase of an
option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must
decline sufficiently below the exercise price, in the case of a put, and must
increase sufficiently above the exercise price, in the case of a call, to cover
the premium and transaction costs. Because option premiums paid by the Fund are
small in relation to the market value of the investments underlying the options,
buying options can result in large amounts of leverage. The leverage offered by
trading in options could cause the Fund's net asset value to be subject to more
frequent and wider fluctuations than would be the case if the Fund did not
invest in options.
OTC OPTIONS. OTC options differ from exchange-traded options in several
respects. They are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing
corporation, and there is a risk of non-performance by the dealer. However, the
premium is paid in advance by the dealer. OTC options are available for a
greater variety of securities and foreign currencies, and in a wider range of
expiration dates and exercise prices than exchange-traded options. Since there
is no exchange, pricing is normally done by reference to information from a
market maker, which information is carefully monitored or caused to be monitored
by the Adviser and verified in appropriate cases.
A writer or purchaser of a put or call option can terminate it
voluntarily only by entering into a closing transaction. In the case of OTC
options, there can be no assurance that a continuous liquid secondary market
will exist for any particular option at any specific time. Consequently, the
Fund may be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has purchased only by
exercising it or entering into a closing sale transaction with the dealer that
issued it. Similarly, when the Fund writes an OTC option, it generally can close
out that option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing purchase
transaction with the dealer to which it originally wrote the option. If a
covered call option writer cannot effect a closing transaction, it cannot sell
the underlying security or foreign currency until the option expires or the
option is exercised. Therefore, the writer of a covered OTC call option may not
be able to sell an underlying security even though it might otherwise be
advantageous to do so. Likewise, the writer of a covered OTC put option may be
unable to sell the securities pledged to secure the put for other investment
purposes while it is obligated as a put writer. Similarly, a purchaser of an OTC
put or call option might also find it difficult to terminate its position on a
timely basis in the absence of a secondary market.
The Fund may purchase and write OTC put and call options in negotiated
transactions. The staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission has previously
taken the position that the value of purchased OTC options and the assets used
as "cover" for written OTC options are illiquid securities and, as such, are to
be included in the calculation of the Fund's 15% limitation on illiquid
securities. However, the staff has eased its position somewhat in certain
limited circumstances. The Fund will attempt to enter into contracts with
certain dealers with which it writes OTC options. Each such contract will
provide that the Fund has the absolute right to repurchase the options it writes
at any time at a repurchase price which represents the fair market value, as
determined in good faith through negotiation between the parties, but which in
no event will exceed a price determined pursuant to a formula contained in the
contract. Although the specific details of such formula may vary among
contracts, the formula will generally be based upon a multiple of the premium
received by the Fund for writing the option, plus the amount, if any, of the
option's intrinsic value. The formula will also include a factor to account for
the difference between the price of the security and the strike price of the
option. If such a contract is entered into, the Fund will count as illiquid only
the initial formula price minus the option's intrinsic value.
B-6
<PAGE>
The Fund will enter into such contracts only with primary U.S.
Government securities dealers recognized by the Federal Reserve Bank of New
York. Moreover, such primary dealers will be subject to the same standards as
are imposed upon dealers with which the Fund enters into repurchase agreements.
SECURITIES INDEX OPTIONS. In seeking to hedge all or a portion of its
investment, the Fund may purchase and write put and call options on securities
indices listed on securities exchanges, which indices include securities held in
the Fund's portfolio.
A securities index measures the movement of a certain group of stocks
or debt securities by assigning relative values to the securities included in
the index. Options on securities indexes are generally similar to options on
specific securities. Unlike options on specific securities, however, options on
securities indexes do not involve the delivery of an underlying security; the
option in the case of an option on a stock index represents the holder's right
to obtain from the writer in cash a fixed multiple of the amount by which the
exercise price exceeds (in the case of a put) or is less than (in the case of a
call) the closing value of the underlying stock index on the exercise date.
When the Fund writes an option on a securities index, it will segregate
assets in an amount equal to the market value of the option, and will maintain
while the option is open.
Securities index options are subject to position and exercise limits
and other regulations imposed by the exchange on which they are traded. If the
Fund writes a securities index option, it may terminate its obligation by
effecting a closing purchase transaction, which is accomplished by purchasing an
option of the same series as the option previously written. The ability of the
Fund to engage in closing purchase transactions with respect to securities index
options depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market. Although the Fund
generally purchases or writes securities index options only if a liquid
secondary market for the options purchased or sold appears to exist, no such
secondary market may exist, or the market may cease to exist at some future
date, for some options. No assurance can be given that a closing purchase
transaction can be effected when the Fund desires to engage in such a
transaction.
RISKS RELATING TO PURCHASE AND SALE OF OPTIONS ON STOCK INDICES.
Purchase and sale of options on stock indices by the Fund are subject to certain
risks that are not present with options on securities. Because the effectiveness
of purchasing or writing stock index options as a hedging technique depends upon
the extent to which price movements in the Fund's portfolio correlate with price
movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular stock,
whether the Fund will realize a gain or loss on the purchase or writing of an
option on an index depends upon movements in the level of stock prices in the
stock market generally or, in the case of certain indices, in an industry or
market segment, rather than movements in the price of a particular stock.
Accordingly, successful use by the Fund of options on indexes will be subject to
the ability of the Adviser to correctly predict movements in the direction of
the stock market generally or of a particular industry. This requires different
skills and techniques than predicting changes in the price of individual stocks.
In the event the Advisor is unsuccessful in predicting the movements of an
index, the Fund could be in a worse position than had no hedge been attempted.
Index prices may be distorted if trading of certain stocks included in
the index is interrupted. Trading in index options also may be interrupted in
certain circumstances, such as if trading were halted in a substantial number of
stocks included in the index. If this occurred, the Fund would not be able to
close out options which it had purchased or written and, if restrictions on
exercise were imposed, might be unable to exercise an option it holds, which
could result in substantial losses to the Fund. However, it will be the Fund's
policy to purchase or write options only on indices which include a sufficient
number of stocks so that the likelihood of a trading halt in the index is
minimized.
B-7
<PAGE>
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may
purchase and sell stock index futures contracts. The purpose of the acquisition
or sale of a futures contract by the Fund is to hedge against fluctuations in
the value of its portfolio without actually buying or selling securities. The
futures contracts in which the Fund may invest have been developed by and are
traded on national commodity exchanges. Stock index futures contracts may be
based upon broad-based stock indices such as the S&P 500 or upon narrow-based
stock indices. A buyer entering into a stock index futures contract will, on a
specified future date, pay or receive a final cash payment equal to the
difference between the actual value of the stock index on the last day of the
contract and the value of the stock index established by the contract. The Fund
may assume both "long" and "short" positions with respect to futures contracts.
A long position involves entering into a futures contract to buy a commodity,
whereas a short position involves entering into a futures contract to sell a
commodity.
The purpose of trading futures contracts is to protect the Fund from
fluctuations in value of its investment securities without necessarily buying or
selling the securities. Because the value of the Fund's investment securities
will exceed the value of the futures contracts sold by the Fund, an increase in
the value of the futures contracts could only mitigate, but not totally offset,
the decline in the value of the Fund's assets. No consideration is paid or
received by the Fund upon trading a futures contract. Upon trading a futures
contract, the Fund will be required to segregate an amount of cash, short-term
Government Securities or other U.S. dollar-denominated, high-grade, short-term
money market instruments equal to approximately 1% to 10% of the contract amount
(this amount is subject to change by the exchange on which the contract is
traded and brokers may charge a higher amount). This amount is known as "initial
margin" and is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the
contract that is returned to the Fund upon termination of the futures contract,
assuming that all contractual obligations have been satisfied; the broker will
have access to amounts in the margin account if the Fund fails to meet its
contractual obligations. Subsequent payments, known as "variation margin," to
and from the broker, will be made daily as the price of the currency or
securities underlying the futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short
positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as
"marking-to-market." At any time prior to the expiration of a futures contract,
the Fund may elect to close a position by taking an opposite position, which
will operate to terminate the Fund's existing position in the contract.
Each short position in a futures or options contract entered into by
the Fund is secured by the Fund's ownership of underlying securities. The Fund
does not use leverage when it enters into long futures or options contracts; the
Fund segregates, with respect to each of its long positions, cash or money
market instruments having a value equal to the underlying commodity value of the
contract.
The Fund may trade stock index futures contracts to the extent
permitted under rules and interpretations adopted by the Commodity Futures
Trading Commission (the "CFTC"). U.S. futures contracts have been designed by
exchanges that have been designated as "contract markets" by the CFTC, and must
be executed through a futures commission merchant, or brokerage firm, that is a
member of the relevant contract market. Futures contracts trade on a number of
contract markets, and, through their clearing corporations, the exchanges
guarantee performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the
exchange.
The Fund intends to comply with CFTC regulations and avoid "commodity
pool operator" status. These regulations require that the Fund use futures and
options positions (a) for "bona fide hedging purposes" (as defined in the
regulations) or (b) for other purposes so long as aggregate initial margins and
premiums required in connection with non-hedging positions do not exceed 5% of
the liquidation value of the Fund's portfolio. The Fund currently does not
intend to engage in transactions in futures contracts or options thereon for
speculation, but will engage in such transactions only for bona fide hedging
purposes.
RISKS OF TRANSACTIONS IN FUTURES CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES
CONTRACTS. There are several risks in using stock index futures contracts as
hedging devices. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to
initial margin and variation margin requirements. Rather than making additional
variation margin payments, investors may close the contracts through offsetting
transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the index or
security and the futures market. Second, the margin requirements in the futures
market are lower than margin requirements in the securities market, and as a
result the futures market may attract more speculators than does the securities
market. Increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also
cause temporary price distortions. Because of possible price distortion in the
futures market and because of imperfect correlation between movements in stock
indices or securities and movements in the prices of futures contracts, even a
correct forecast of general market trends may not result in a successful hedging
transaction over a very short period.
B-8
<PAGE>
Another risk arises because of imperfect correlation between movements
in the value of the futures contracts and movements in the value of securities
subject to the hedge. With respect to stock index futures contracts, the risk of
imperfect correlation increases as the composition of the Fund's portfolio
diverges from the securities included in the applicable stock index. It is
possible that the Fund might sell stock index futures contracts to hedge its
portfolio against a decline in the market, only to have the market advance and
the value of securities held in the Fund's portfolio decline. If this occurred,
the Fund would lose money on the contracts and also experience a decline in the
value of its portfolio securities. While this could occur, the Advisor believes
that over time the value of the Fund's portfolio will tend to move in the same
direction as the market indices and will attempt to reduce this risk, to the
extent possible, by entering into futures contracts on indices whose movements
they believe will have a significant correlation with movements in the value of
the Fund's portfolio securities sought to be hedged.
Successful use of futures contracts by the Fund is subject to the
ability of the Advisor to predict correctly movements in the direction of
interest rates or the market. If the Fund has hedged against the possibility of
a decline in the value of the stocks held in its portfolio or an increase in
interest rates adversely affecting the value of fixed-income securities held in
its portfolio and stock prices increase or interest rates decrease instead, the
Fund would lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its
security which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its
futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient
cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin
requirements. Such sales of securities may, but will not necessarily, be at
increased prices which reflect the rising market or decline in interest rates.
The Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to
do so.
LIQUIDITY OF FUTURES CONTRACTS. The Fund may elect to close some or all
of its contracts prior to expiration. The purpose of making such a move would be
to reduce or eliminate the hedge position held by the Fund. The Fund may close
its positions by taking opposite positions. Final determinations of variation
margin are then made, additional cash as required is paid by or to the Fund, and
the Fund realizes a loss or a gain. Positions in futures contracts may be closed
only on an exchange or board of trade providing a secondary market for such
futures contracts. Although the Fund intends to enter into futures contracts
only on exchanges or boards of trade where there appears to be an active
secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will
exist for any particular contract at any particular time.
In addition, most domestic futures exchanges and boards of trade limit
the amount of fluctuation permitted in futures contract prices during a single
trading day. The daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a
futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day's settlement
price at the end of a trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in
a particular contract, no trades may be made that day at a price beyond that
limit. The daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading
day and therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent
the liquidation of unfavorable positions. It is possible that futures contract
prices could move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with
little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions
and subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses. In such event, it
will not be possible to close a futures position and, in the event of adverse
price movements, the Fund would be required to make daily cash payments of
variation margin. In such circumstances, an increase in the value of the portion
of the portfolio being hedged, if any, may partially or completely offset losses
on the futures contract. However, as described above, there is no guarantee that
the price of the securities being hedged will, in fact, correlate with the price
movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset to losses on a
futures contract.
RISKS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS. The
use of options on interest rate and stock index futures contracts also involves
additional risk. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, the
purchase of call or put options on futures contracts involves less potential
risk to the Fund because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the
options (plus transactions costs). The writing of a call option on a futures
contract generates a premium which may partially offset a decline in the value
of the Fund's portfolio assets. By writing a call option, the Fund becomes
obligated to sell a futures contract, which may have a value higher than the
exercise price. Conversely, the writing of a put option on a futures contract
generates a premium, but the Fund becomes obligated to purchase a futures
contract, which may have a value lower than the exercise price. Thus, the loss
incurred by the Fund in writing options on futures contracts may exceed the
amount of the premium received.
B-9
<PAGE>
The effective use of options strategies is dependent, among other
things, on the Fund's ability to terminate options positions at a time when the
Advisor deems it desirable to do so. Although the Fund will enter into an option
position only if the Advisor believes that a liquid secondary market exists for
such option, there is no assurance that the Fund will be able to effect closing
transactions at any particular time or at an acceptable price. The Fund's
transactions involving options on futures contracts will be conducted only on
recognized exchanges.
The Fund's purchase or sale of put or call options on futures contracts
will be based upon predictions as to anticipated interest rates or market trends
by the Advisor, which could prove to be inaccurate. Even if the expectations of
the Advisor are correct, there may be an imperfect correlation between the
change in the value of the options and of the Fund's portfolio securities.
Investments in futures contracts and related options by their nature
tend to be more short-term than other equity investments made by the Fund. The
Fund's ability to make such investments, therefore, may result in an increase in
the Fund's portfolio activity and thereby may result in the payment of
additional transaction costs.
FORWARD CURRENCY CONTRACTS
The Fund may enter into forward currency contracts in anticipation of
changes in currency exchange rates. A forward currency contract is an obligation
to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed
number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a
price set at the time of the contract. For example, the Fund might purchase a
particular currency or enter into a forward currency contract to preserve the
U.S. dollar price of securities it intends to or has contracted to purchase.
Alternatively, it might sell a particular currency on either a spot or forward
basis to hedge against an anticipated decline in the dollar value of securities
it intends to or has contracted to sell. Although this strategy could minimize
the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, it could
also limit any potential gain from an increase in the value of the currency.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with respect to its
portfolio securities. Pursuant to such agreements, the Fund acquires securities
from financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers as are deemed to be
creditworthy by the Advisor, subject to the seller's agreement to repurchase and
the Fund's agreement to resell such securities at a mutually agreed upon date
and price. The repurchase price generally equals the price paid by the Fund plus
interest negotiated on the basis of current short-term rates (which may be more
or less than the rate on the underlying portfolio security). Securities subject
to repurchase agreements will be held by the Custodian or in the Federal
Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System or an equivalent foreign system. The seller
under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the
underlying securities at not less than 102% of the repurchase price under the
agreement. If the seller defaults on its repurchase obligation, the Fund will
suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from a sale of the underlying
securities are less than the repurchase price under the agreement. Bankruptcy or
insolvency of such a defaulting seller may cause the Fund's rights with respect
to such securities to be delayed or limited. Repurchase agreements are
considered to be loans under the Investment Company Act (the "1940 Act").
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, FORWARD COMMITMENTS AND DELAYED SETTLEMENTS
The Fund may purchase securities on a "when-issued," forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis. In this event, the Custodian will designate liquid
assets equal to the amount of the commitment. In such a case, the Fund may be
required subsequently to designate additional assets in order to assure that the
value of the account remains equal to the amount of the Fund's commitment. It
may be expected that the Fund's net assets will fluctuate to a greater degree
when it sets aside portfolio securities to cover such purchase commitments than
when it sets aside cash.
B-10
<PAGE>
The Fund does not intend to engage in these transactions for
speculative purposes but only in furtherance of its investment objectives.
Because the Fund will designate assets to satisfy its purchase commitments in
the manner described, the Fund's liquidity and the ability of the Advisor to
manage it may be affected in the event the Fund's forward commitments,
commitments to purchase when-issued securities and delayed settlements ever
exceeded 15% of the value of its net assets.
The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued, forward commitment
or delayed settlement basis only with the intention of completing the
transaction. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however,
the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it is entered into,
and may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are
delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. In these cases the Fund may
realize a taxable capital gain or loss. When the Fund engages in when-issued,
forward commitment and delayed settlement transactions, it relies on the other
party to consummate the trade. Failure of such party to do so may result in the
Fund incurring a loss or missing an opportunity to obtain an advantageous price.
The market value of the securities underlying a when-issued purchase, a
forward commitment to purchase securities, or a delayed settlement and any
subsequent fluctuations in their market value is taken into account when
determining the market value of the Fund starting on the day the Fund agrees to
purchase the securities. The Fund does not earn interest on the securities it
has committed to purchase until they are paid for and delivered on the
settlement date.
BORROWING
The Fund is authorized to borrow money from time to time for temporary,
extraordinary or emergency purposes or for clearance of transactions in amounts
not to exceed 33-1/3% of the value of its total assets at the time of such
borrowings. The use of borrowing by the Fund involves special risk
considerations that may not be associated with other funds having similar
objectives and policies. Since substantially all of the Fund's assets fluctuate
in value, while the interest obligation resulting from a borrowing will be fixed
by the terms of the Fund's agreement with its lender, the net asset value per
share of the Fund will tend to increase more when its portfolio securities
increase in value and to decrease more when its portfolio assets decrease in
value than would otherwise be the case if the Fund did not borrow funds. In
addition, interest costs on borrowings may fluctuate with changing market rates
of interest and may partially offset or exceed the return earned on borrowed
funds. Under adverse market conditions, the Fund might have to sell portfolio
securities to meet interest or principal payments at a time when fundamental
investment considerations would not favor such sales. The Fund is required to
designate specific liquid assets with its custodian equal to the amount it has
borrowed.
LENDING PORTFOLIO SECURITIES
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not exceeding
30% of its total assets to financial institutions such as banks and brokers if
the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulations. Under the
present regulatory requirements which govern loans of portfolio securities, the
loan collateral must, on each business day, at least equal the value of the
loaned securities and must consist of cash, letters of credit of domestic banks
or domestic branches of foreign banks, or securities of the U.S. Government or
its agencies. To be acceptable as collateral, letters of credit must obligate a
bank to pay amounts demanded by the Fund if the demand meets the terms of the
letter. Such terms and the issuing bank would have to be satisfactory to the
Fund. Any loan might be secured by any one or more of the three types of
collateral. The terms of the Fund's loans must permit the Fund to reacquire
loaned securities on five days' notice or in time to vote on any serious matter
and must meet certain tests under the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code").
SHORT SALES
The Fund is authorized to make short sales of securities. In a short
sale, the Fund sells a security which it does not own, in anticipation of a
decline in the market value of the security. To complete the sale, the Fund must
borrow the security (generally from the broker through which the short sale is
made) in order to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to
replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time
of replacement. The Fund is said to have a "short position" in the securities
sold until it delivers them to the broker. The period during which the Fund has
a short position can range from as little as one day to more than a year. Until
the security is replaced, the proceeds of the short sale are retained by the
broker, and the Fund is required to pay to the broker a negotiated portion of
any dividends or interest which accrue during the period of the loan. To meet
current margin requirements, the Fund is also required to deposit with the
broker additional cash or securities so that the total deposit with the broker
is maintained daily at 150% of the current market value of the securities sold
short (100% of the current market value if a security is held in the account
that is convertible or exchangeable into the security sold short within 90 days
without restriction other than the payment of money).
B-11
<PAGE>
Short sales by the Fund create opportunities to increase the Fund's
return but, at the same time, involve specific risk considerations and may be
considered a speculative technique. Since the Fund in effect profits from a
decline in the price of the securities sold short without the need to invest the
full purchase price of the securities on the date of the short sale, the Fund's
net asset value per share will tend to increase more when the securities it has
sold short decrease in value, and to decrease more when the securities it has
sold short increase in value, than would otherwise be the case if it had not
engaged in such short sales. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the
amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or
interest the Fund may be required to pay in connection with the short sale.
Furthermore, under adverse market conditions the Fund might have difficulty
purchasing securities to meet its short sale delivery obligations, and might
have to sell portfolio securities to raise the capital necessary to meet its
short sale obligations at a time when fundamental investment considerations
would not favor such sales.
ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its net assets in
securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual restrictions
on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the amount of
illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of the
Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to dispose of restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable
prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests
within seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted
securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and
delay. Adverse market conditions could impede such a public offering of
securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed
for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act,
including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act,
the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on
resale. In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on
resale will be deemed illiquid.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust (on behalf of the Fund) has adopted the following
restrictions as fundamental policies, which may not be changed without the
favorable vote of the holders of a "majority," as defined in the 1940 Act, of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, the "vote of
the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the vote
of the holders of the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares of the Fund represented at
a meeting at which the holders of more than 50% of its outstanding shares are
represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. Except
with respect to borrowing, and illiquid securities, changes in values of the
Fund's assets will not cause a violation of the following investment
restrictions so long as percentage requirements are observed by the Fund at the
time it purchases any security.
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund's investment objectives are
fundamental.
B-12
<PAGE>
In addition, the Fund may not:
1. The Fund will not borrow money, except that the Fund may borrow from
banks for temporary or emergency (not leveraging) purposes, including the
meeting of redemption requests and cash payments of dividends and distributions
that might otherwise require the untimely disposition of securities, in an
amount not to exceed 33- 1/3% of the value of the Fund's total assets (including
the amount borrowed) valued at market less liabilities (not including the amount
borrowed) at the time the borrowing is made. Whenever borrowings exceed 5% of
the value of the total assets of the Fund, the Fund will not make any additional
investments.
2. The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total
assets in securities of issuers in any one industry. For purposes of this
restriction, the term industry will be deemed to include the government of any
country other than the United States, but not the U.S. Government.
3. The Fund will not lend money to other persons, except through
purchasing debt obligations, lending portfolio securities and entering into
repurchase agreements.
4. The Fund will not invest 25% or more of the value of its total
assets in securities of issuers in any one industry. For purposes of this
restriction, the term industry will be deemed to include the government of any
country other than the United States, but not the U.S. Government.
5. The Fund will not purchase or sell real estate or real estate
limited partnership interests, except that the Fund may purchase and sell
securities of companies that deal in real estate or interests in real estate.
6. The Fund will not purchase or sell commodities or commodity
contracts, except futures contracts and related options and other similar
contracts.
7. The Fund will not act as an underwriter of securities, except that
the Fund may acquire securities under circumstances in which, if the securities
were sold, the Fund might be deemed to be an underwriter for purposes of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
8. The Fund will not issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940
Act, other than as set forth in restriction #1 above and except to the extent
that using options and futures contracts or purchasing or selling securities on
a when-issued or forward commitment basis may be deemed to constitute issuing a
senior security.
The Fund has adopted the following operating (i.e. non-fundamental)
investment policies and restrictions which may be changed by the Board of
Directors without shareholder approval:
1. The Fund will not invest in the securities of other investment
companies or purchase any other investment company's voting securities or make
any other investment in other investment companies except to the extent
permitted by federal law; or
2. The Fund will not participate on a joint or joint-and-several basis
in any securities trading account.
3. The Fund will not invest in warrants (other than warrants acquired
by the Fund as part of a unit or attached to securities at the time of purchase)
if, as a result, the investments (valued at the lower of cost or market) would
exceed 5% of the value of the Fund's net assets of which not more than 2% of the
Fund's net assets may be invested in warrants not listed on a recognized foreign
or domestic stock exchange.
4. The Fund will not purchase securities on margin, except that the
Fund may obtain any short-term credits necessary for the clearance of purchases
and sales of securities. For purposes of this restriction, the deposit or
payment of initial or variation margin in connection with futures contracts or
options on futures contracts will not be deemed to be a purchase of securities
on margin.
5. The Fund will not invest more than 15% of its net assets in
securities which are restricted as to disposition or otherwise are illiquid or
have no readily available market (except for securities which are determined by
the Board of Trustees to be liquid).
Except for the Fund's policies regarding borrowing and illiquid
securities, any investment restriction described in the prospectus and this SAI
which involves a maximum percentage of securities or assets shall not be
considered to be violated unless an excess over the applicable percentage occurs
immediately after an acquisition of securities or utilization of assets and such
excess results therefrom.
B-13
<PAGE>
Diversification
The Fund intends to operate as a "diversified" management investment
company, as defined in the 1940 Act, which means that at least 75% of its total
assets must be represented by cash and cash items (including receivables), U.S.
Government securities, securities of other investment companies, and other
securities for the purposes of this calculation limited in respect of any one
issuer to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the value of total assets of
the Fund and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such
issuer
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is
vested with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements
between the Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including
the agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to
the Fund's investment objective and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their ages and positions with
the Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past
five years are:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter E. Auch, Sr. (born 1921) Trustee Director, Nicholas-Applegate Mutual Funds, Brinson
6001 N. 62nd Place Funds (since 1994), Smith Barney Trak Fund, Pimco
Paradise Valley, AZ 85253 Advisors L.P., Semele Group, Semele Land Fund II
and Legend Properties.
Eric M. Banhazl (born 1957)* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company Administration,
2020 E. Financial Way President and LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
Glendora, CA 91741 Treasurer RNC Mutual Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight
Investment Funds, Inc. and Professionally Managed
Portfolios.
Donald E. O'Connor (born 1936) Trustee Financial Consultant; Director, The Parnassus Fund and
1700 Taylor Avenue The Parnassus Income Fund; formerly Executive Vice
Fort Washington, MD 10744 President and Chief Operating Officer of ICI Mutual
Insurance Company (until January 1997), Vice President,
Operations, Investment Company Institute (until June 1993).
George T. Wofford III (born 1939) Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal Home Loan
305 Glendora Circle Bank of San Francisco (since March 1993); formerly
Danville, CA 94526 Director of Management Information Services, Morrison &
Foerster (law firm).
Steven J. Paggioli (born 1950) Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth &
915 Broadway President Associates, Inc., Investment Company Administration,
New York, NY 10010 LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
President and Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios;
Trustee, Managers Funds
Robert H. Wadsworth (born 1940) Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates, Inc.,
4455 E. Camelback Road President Investment Company Administration, LLC and First
Suite 261-E Fund Distributors, Inc.; Vice President, Professionally
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Managed Portfolios; President, Guinness Flight Investment
Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund, Inc., New Germany
Fund, Inc., Central European Equity Fund, Inc. and
Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris O. Kissack (born 1949) Secretary Employed by Investment Company Administration,
4455 E. Camelback Road LLC (since July 1996); formerly employed by Bank
Suite 261-E One, N.A. (From August 1995 until July 1996); O'Connor,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth and Beshears (law
firm) (until August 1995)
</TABLE>
- ----------
* Denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
B-14
<PAGE>
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST
- ----------------- -------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the
Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
THE ADVISOR
Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, investment
management and related services are provided by the Advisor, pursuant to an
Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement").
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor agrees to invest the assets
of the Fund in accordance with the investment objectives, policies and
restrictions of the Fund as set forth in the Fund's and Trust's governing
documents, including, without limitation, the Trust's Agreement and Declaration
of Trust and By-Laws; the Fund's prospectus, SAI, and undertakings; and such
other limitations, policies and procedures as the Trustees of the Trust may
impose from time to time in writing to the Advisor. In providing such services,
the Advisor shall at all times adhere to the provisions and restrictions
contained in the federal securities laws, applicable state securities laws, the
Code, and other applicable law.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Advisor has
agreed to (i) furnish the Fund with advice and recommendations with respect to
the investment of the Fund's assets, (ii) effect the purchase and sale of
portfolio securities; (iii) manage and oversee the investments of the Fund,
subject to the ultimate supervision and direction of the Trust's Board of
Trustees; (iv) vote proxies and take other actions with respect to the Fund's
securities; (v) maintain the books and records required to be maintained with
respect to the securities in the Fund's portfolio; (vi) furnish reports,
statements and other data on securities, economic conditions and other matters
related to the investment of the Fund's assets which the Trustees or the
officers of the Trust may reasonably request; and (vi) render to the Trust's
Board of Trustees such periodic and special reports as the Board may reasonably
request. The Advisor has also agreed, at its own expense, to maintain such staff
and employ or retain such personnel and consult with such other persons as it
shall from time to time determine to be necessary to the performance of its
obligations under the Advisory Agreement. Personnel of the Advisor may serve as
officers of the Trust provided they do so without compensation from the Trust.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the staff and personnel of the
Advisor shall be deemed to include persons employed or retained by the Advisor
to furnish statistical information, research, and other factual information,
advice regarding economic factors and trends, information with respect to
technical and scientific developments, and such other information, advice and
assistance as the Advisor or the Trust's Board of Trustees may desire and
reasonably request. With respect to the operation of the Fund, the Advisor has
agreed to be responsible for the expenses of printing and distributing extra
copies of the Fund's prospectus, SAI, and sales and advertising materials (but
not the legal, auditing or accounting fees attendant thereto) to prospective
investors (but not to existing shareholders); and the costs of any special Board
of Trustees meetings or shareholder meetings convened for the primary benefit of
the Advisor.
B-15
<PAGE>
As compensation for the Advisor's services, the Fund pays it an
advisory fee at the rate specified in the prospectus. In addition to the fees
payable to the Advisor and the Administrator, the Fund is responsible for its
operating expenses, including: fees and expenses incurred in connection with the
issuance, registration and transfer of its shares; brokerage and commission
expenses; all expenses of transfer, receipt, safekeeping, servicing and
accounting for the cash, securities and other property of the Trust for the
benefit of the Fund including all fees and expenses of its custodian,
shareholder services agent and accounting services agent; interest charges on
any borrowings; costs and expenses of pricing and calculating its daily net
asset value and of maintaining its books of account required under the 1940 Act;
taxes, if any; a pro rata portion of expenditures in connection with meetings of
the Fund's shareholders and the Trust's Board of Trustees that are properly
payable by the Fund; salaries and expenses of officers and fees and expenses of
members of the Trust's Board of Trustees or members of any advisory board or
committee who are not members of, affiliated with or interested persons of the
Advisor or Administrator; insurance premiums on property or personnel of the
Fund which inure to its benefit, including liability and fidelity bond
insurance; the cost of preparing and printing reports, proxy statements,
prospectuses and SAIs of the Fund or other communications for distribution to
existing shareholders; legal, auditing and accounting fees; trade association
dues; fees and expenses (including legal fees) of registering and maintaining
registration of its shares for sale under federal and applicable state and
foreign securities laws; all expenses of maintaining and servicing shareholder
accounts, including all charges for transfer, shareholder recordkeeping,
dividend disbursing, redemption, and other agents for the benefit of the Fund,
if any; and all other charges and costs of its operation plus any extraordinary
and non-recurring expenses, except as otherwise prescribed in the Advisory
Agreement.
Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor will not be liable to the
Trust or the Fund or any shareholder for any act or omission in the course of,
or connected with, rendering services or for any loss sustained by the Trust
except in the case of a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of
compensation for services (in which case any award of damages will be limited as
provided in the 1940 Act) or of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence, or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the
Advisory Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement will remain in effect for a period not to exceed
two years. Thereafter, if not terminated, the Advisory Agreement will continue
automatically for successive annual periods, provided that such continuance is
specifically approved at least annually (i) by a majority vote of the
Independent Trustees cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Board of Trustees or by vote of a
majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement is terminable by vote of the Board of Trustees
or by the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund
at any time without penalty, on 60 days written notice to the Advisor. The
Advisory Agreement also may be terminated by the Advisor on 60 days written
notice to the Trust. The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically upon its
assignment (as defined in the 1940 Act).
THE ADMINISTRATOR. The Administrator has agreed to be responsible for
providing such services as the Trustees may reasonably request, including but
not limited to (i) maintaining the Trust's books and records (other than
financial or accounting books and records maintained by any custodian, transfer
agent or accounting services agent); (ii) overseeing the Trust's insurance
relationships; (iii) preparing for the Trust (or assisting counsel and/or
auditors in the preparation of) all required tax returns, proxy statements and
reports to the Trust's shareholders and Trustees and reports to and other
filings with the SEC and any other governmental agency (the Trust agreeing to
supply or cause to be supplied to the Administrator all necessary financial and
other information in connection with the foregoing); (iv) preparing such
applications and reports as may be necessary to permit the offer and sale of the
shares of the Trust under the securities or "blue sky" laws of the various
states selected by the Trust (the Trust agreeing to pay all filing fees or other
similar fees in connection therewith); (v) responding to all inquiries or other
communications of shareholders, if any, which are directed to the Administrator,
or if any such inquiry or communication is more properly to be responded to by
the Trust's custodian, transfer agent or accounting services agent, overseeing
their response thereto; (vi) overseeing all relationships between the Trust and
any custodian(s), transfer agent(s) and accounting services agent(s), including
the negotiation of agreements and the supervision of the performance of such
agreements; and (vii) authorizing and directing any of the Administrator's
directors, officers and employees who may be elected as Trustees or officers of
the Trust to serve in the capacities in which they are elected. All services to
be furnished by the Administrator under this Agreement may be furnished through
the medium of any such directors, officers or employees of the Administrator.
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the following
annual rates:
B-16
<PAGE>
Fund Asset Level Fee Rate
- ---------------- --------
Less than $15 million $30,000
$15 million to less than $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
$50 million to less than $100 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
$100 million to less than $150 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
more than $150 million 0.05% of average daily net assets
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund may
pay distribution and related expenses up to 0.25% of its average net assets to
the Advisor as distribution coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid include
preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports such as
semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters, sales
literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct mail
solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales personnel,
advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to the
distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
The Plan allows excess distribution expenses to be carried forward by
the Advisor, as distribution coordinator, and resubmitted in a subsequent fiscal
year, provided that (i) distribution expenses cannot be carried forward for more
than three years following initial submission; (ii) the Trustees have made a
determination at the time of initial submission that the distribution expenses
are appropriate to be carried forward and (iii) the Trustees make a further
determination, at the time any distribution expenses which have been carried
forward are submitted for payment, that payment at the time is appropriate,
consistent with the objectives of the Plan and in the current best interests of
shareholders.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Advisory Agreement states that the Advisor shall be responsible for
broker-dealer selection and for negotiation of brokerage commission rates,
provided that the Advisor shall not direct orders to an affiliated person of the
Advisor without general prior authorization to use such affiliated broker or
dealer by the Trust's Board of Trustees. The Advisor's primary consideration in
effecting a securities transaction will be execution at the most favorable
price. In selecting a broker-dealer to execute each particular transaction, the
Advisor may take the following into consideration: the best net price available;
the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker-dealer; the
size of and difficulty in executing the order; and the value of the expected
contribution of the broker-dealer to the investment performance of the Fund on a
continuing basis. The price to the Fund in any transaction may be less favorable
than that available from another broker-dealer if the difference is reasonably
justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered.
Subject to such policies as the Advisor and the Board of Trustees of
the Trust may determine, the Advisor shall not be deemed to have acted
unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise
solely by reason of its having caused the Fund to pay a broker or dealer that
provides (directly or indirectly) brokerage or research services to the Advisor
an amount of commission for effecting a portfolio transaction in excess of the
amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting
that transaction, if the Advisor determines in good faith that such amount of
commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research
services provided by such broker or dealer, viewed in terms of either that
particular transaction or the Advisor's overall responsibilities with respect to
the Fund. The Advisor is further authorized to allocate the orders placed by it
on behalf of the Fund to such brokers or dealers who also provide research or
statistical material, or other services, to the Trust, the Advisor, or any
affiliate of either. Such allocation shall be in such amounts and proportions as
the Advisor shall determine, and the Advisor shall report on such allocations
regularly to the Advisor and the Trust, indicating the broker-dealers to whom
such allocations have been made and the basis therefor. The Advisor is also
authorized to consider sales of shares of the Fund as a factor in the selection
of brokers or dealers to execute portfolio transactions, subject to the
requirements of best execution, I.E., that such brokers or dealers are able to
execute the order promptly and at the best obtainable securities price.
B-17
<PAGE>
On occasions when the Advisor deems the purchase or sale of a security
to be in the best interest of the Fund as well as other clients of the Advisor,
the Advisor, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may
aggregate the securities to be so purchased or sold in order to obtain the most
favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and the most efficient execution.
In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the
expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Advisor in the manner
it considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary
obligations to the Fund and to such other clients.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading
purposes, portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of time
they have been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investing
considerations warrant such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by
dividing (1) the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the
fiscal year by (2) the monthly average of the value of portfolio securities
owned during the fiscal year. A 100% portfolio turnover rate would occur if all
the securities in the Fund's portfolio, with the exception of securities whose
maturities at the time of acquisition were one year or less, were sold and
either repurchased or replaced within one year. A high rate of portfolio
turnover (100% or more) generally leads to transaction costs and may result in a
greater number of taxable transactions. See "Portfolio Transactions and
Brokerage."
NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value of the Fund's shares will fluctuate and is
determined as of the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (the
"NYSE") (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) each business day. The NYSE annually
announces the days on which it will not be open for trading. The most recent
announcement indicates that it will not be open for the following holidays: New
Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. However,
the NYSE may close on days not included in that announcement.
The net asset value per share is computed by dividing the value of the
securities held by the Fund plus any cash or other assets (including interest
and dividends accrued but not yet received) minus all liabilities (including
accrued expenses) by the total number of shares in the Fund outstanding at such
time.
Generally, trading in and valuation of foreign securities is
substantially completed each day at various times prior to the close of the
NYSE. In addition, trading in and valuation of foreign securities may not take
place on every day in which the NYSE is open for trading. In that case, the
price used to determine the Fund's net asset value on the last day on which such
exchange was open will be used, unless the Trust's Board of Trustees determines
that a different price should be used. Furthermore, trading takes place in
various foreign markets on days in which the NYSE is not open for trading and on
which the Fund's net asset value is not calculated. Occasionally, events
affecting the values of such securities in U.S. dollars on a day on which the
Fund calculates its net asset value may occur between the times when such
securities are valued and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in
the computation of the Fund's net asset value unless the Board or its delegates
deem that such events would materially affect the net asset value, in which case
an adjustment would be made.
Generally, the Fund's investments are valued at market value or, in the
absence of a market value, at fair value as determined in good faith by the
Advisor and the Trust's Valuation Committee pursuant to procedures approved by
or under the direction of the Board.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded
on securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on
which such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
B-18
<PAGE>
Short-term debt obligations with remaining maturities in excess of 60
days are valued at current market prices, as discussed above. Short-term
securities with 60 days or less remaining to maturity are, unless conditions
indicate otherwise, amortized to maturity based on their cost to the Fund if
acquired within 60 days of maturity or, if already held by the Fund on the 60th
day, based on the value determined on the 61st day.
Corporate debt securities are valued on the basis of valuations
provided by dealers in those instruments, by an independent pricing service,
approved by the Board, or at fair value as determined in good faith by
procedures approved by the Board. Any such pricing service, in determining
value, will use information with respect to transactions in the securities being
valued, quotations from dealers, market transactions in comparable securities,
analyses and evaluations of various relationships between securities and yield
to maturity information.
An option that is written by the Fund is generally valued at the last
sale price or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last offer price. An
option that is purchased by the Fund is generally valued at the last sale price
or, in the absence of the last sale price, the last bid price. If an options
exchange closes after the time at which the Fund's net asset value is
calculated, the last sale or last bid and asked prices as of that time will be
used to calculate the net asset value.
Any assets or liabilities initially expressed in terms of foreign
currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the official exchange rate or,
alternatively, at the mean of the current bid and asked prices of such
currencies against the U.S. dollar last quoted by a major bank that is a regular
participant in the foreign exchange market or on the basis of a pricing service
that takes into account the quotes provided by a number of such major banks. If
neither of these alternatives is available or both are deemed not to provide a
suitable methodology for converting a foreign currency into U.S. dollars, the
Board in good faith will establish a conversion rate for such currency.
All other assets of the Fund are valued in such manner as the Board in
good faith deems appropriate to reflect their fair value.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to qualify and elect to be treated as a regulated
investment company under Subchapter M of the Code for each taxable year by
complying with all applicable requirements regarding the source of its income,
the diversification of its assets, and the timing of its distributions. The
Fund's policy is to distribute to its shareholders all of its investment company
taxable income and any net realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a
manner that complies with the distribution requirements of the Code, so that the
Fund will not be subject to any federal income or excise taxes based on net
income. However, the Board may elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines
that payment is, under the circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock and securities, gains from the
sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currency gains
related to investments in stock or securities, or other income (generally
including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect
to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and (b) diversify
its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the
market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. Government
securities, securities of other regulated investment companies and other
securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of other
securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the Fund's
assets or 10% or the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more than 25%
of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer
(other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
B-19
<PAGE>
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectus. In order to avoid the payment of any federal excise
tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31 of each
year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year, distributions at
least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar year and at least
98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses realized in the
one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with any undistributed
amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of capital losses) from
the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock of securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
B-20
<PAGE>
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts and
foreign currency-denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code, rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the Fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends with respect to such shares during such
six-month period. All or a portion of a loss realized upon the redemption of
shares of the Fund may be disallowed to the extent shares of the Fund are
purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested dividends) within 30
days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the Prospectus are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisors concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
B-21
<PAGE>
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, and dividends paid on short sales, is the Fund's net
investment income, substantially all of which will be declared as dividends to
the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing long-term
capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital gain. After
deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the balance (to the
extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the eight previous
taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term capital gains in the
hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time the Fund's shares may
have been held by the shareholders. For more information concerning applicable
capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
TOTAL RETURN
Average annual total return quotations used in the Fund's advertising
and promotional materials are calculated according to the following formula:
n
P(1 + T) = ERV
where "P" equals a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000; "T" equals average
annual total return; "n" equals the number of years; and "ERV" equals the ending
redeemable value at the end of the period of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made
at the beginning of the period.
Under the foregoing formula, the time periods used in advertising will
be based on rolling calendar quarters, updated to the last day of the most
recent quarter prior to submission of the advertising for publication. Average
annual total return, or "T" in the above formula, is computed by finding the
average annual compounded rates of return over the period that would equate the
initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value. Average annual total
return assumes the reinvestment of all dividends and distributions.
YIELD
Annualized yield quotations used in the Fund's advertising and
promotional materials are calculated by dividing the Fund's investment income
for a specified thirty-day period, net of expenses, by the average number of
shares outstanding during the period, and expressing the result as an annualized
percentage (assuming semi-annual compounding) of the net asset value per share
at the end of the period. Yield quotations are calculated according to the
following formula:
B-22
<PAGE>
6
YIELD = 2 [(a-b + 1) - 1]
---
cd
where "a" equals dividends and interest earned during the period; "b" equals
expenses accrued for the period, net of reimbursements; "c" equals the average
daily number of shares outstanding during the period that are entitled to
receive dividends, and "d" equals the maximum offering price per share on the
last day of the period.
Except as noted below, in determining net investment income earned
during the period ("a" in the above formula), the Fund calculates interest
earned on each debt obligation held by it during the period by (1) computing the
obligation's yield to maturity, based on the market value of the obligation
(including actual accrued interest) on the last business day of the period or,
if the obligation was purchased during the period, the purchase price plus
accrued interest; (2) dividing the yield to maturity by 360 and multiplying the
resulting quotient by the market value of the obligation (including actual
accrued interest). Once interest earned is calculated in this fashion for each
debt obligation held by the Fund, net investment income is then determined by
totaling all such interest earned.
For purposes of these calculations, the maturity of an obligation with
one or more call provisions is assumed to be the next date on which the
obligation reasonably can be expected to be called or, if none, the maturity
date.
OTHER INFORMATION
Performance data of the Fund quoted in advertising and other
promotional materials represents past performance and is not intended to predict
or guarantee future results. The return and principal value of an investment in
the Fund will fluctuate, and an investor's redemption proceeds may be more or
less than the original investment amount. In advertising and promotional
materials the Fund may compare its performance with data published by Lipper
Analytical Services, Inc. ("Lipper") or CDA Investment Technologies, Inc.
("CDA"). The Fund also may refer in such materials to mutual fund performance
rankings and other data, such as comparative asset, expense and fee levels,
published by Lipper or CDA. Advertising and promotional materials also may refer
to discussions of the Fund and comparative mutual fund data and ratings reported
in independent periodicals including, but not limited to, THE WALL STREET
JOURNAL, MONEY Magazine, FORBES, BUSINESS WEEK, FINANCIAL WORLD and BARRON'S.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company
organized as a Delaware Business Trust under the laws of the State of Delaware
on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 14 series of shares of
beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. The Declaration of Trust permits
the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of
beneficial interest and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser
number of shares without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interest
in the Fund. Each share represents an interest in the Fund proportionately equal
to the interest of each other share. Upon the Fund's liquidation, all
shareholders would share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund available for
distribution to shareholders.
The Declaration of Trust does not require the issuance of stock
certificates. If stock certificates are issued, they must be returned by the
registered owners prior to the transfer or redemption of shares represented by
such certificates.
If they deem it advisable and in the best interest of shareholders, the
Board of Trustees may create additional series of shares which differ from each
other only as to dividends. The Board of Trustees has created 14 series of
shares, and may create additional series in the future, each of which have
separate assets and liabilities. Income and operating expenses not specifically
attributable to a particular Fund are be allocated fairly among the Funds by the
Trustees, generally on the basis of the relative net assets of each Fund.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that as to any investment
company which has two or more series outstanding and as to any matter required
to be submitted to shareholder vote, such matter is not deemed to have been
effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a "majority" (as
defined in the Rule) of the voting securities of each series affected by the
matter. Such separate voting requirements do not apply to the election of
Trustees or the ratification of the selection of accountants. The Rule contains
special provisions for cases in which an advisory contract is approved by one or
more, but not all, series. A change in investment policy may go into effect as
to one or more series whose holders so approve the change even though the
required vote is not obtained as to the holders of other affected series.
B-23
<PAGE>
If the Board of Trustees should determine that it would be detrimental
to the best interests of the remaining shareholders of the Fund to make payment
wholly or partly in cash, the Fund may pay redemption proceeds in whole or in
part by a distribution in kind of securities from the portfolio of the Fund, in
compliance with the Trust's election to be governed by Rule 18f-1 under the 1940
Act. Pursuant to Rule 18f-1, the Fund is obligated to redeem shares solely in
cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the net asset value of the Fund
during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. If shares are redeemed in
kind, the redeeming shareholder will likely incur brokerage costs in converting
the assets into cash.
The Fund's Custodian, Star Bank, N.A., 425 Walnut Street, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45202, is responsible for holding the Fund's assets. American Data
Services, Inc., 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 109, Hauppauge, NY 11788 acts as the
Fund's transfer agent and accounting services agent. The Fund's independent
accountants, McGladrey & Pullen, LLP, assist in the preparation of certain
reports to the SEC and the Fund's tax returns.
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
Aaa--Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality and
carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Interest payments are protected by
a large or by an exceptionally stable margin, and principal is secure. While the
various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be
visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such
issues.
Aa-Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all
standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as
high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective
elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present
which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A-Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes
and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving
security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may be
present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa-Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great period of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers "1", "2" and "3" in each generic
rating classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond rating system. The
modifier "1" indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier "2" indicates a mid-range ranking; and the
modifier "3" indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic
rating category.
STANDARD & POOR'S RATINGS GROUP: CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
AAA-This is the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's to a debt
obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay principal and
interest.
AA-Bonds rated AA also qualify as high-quality debt obligations.
Capacity to pay principal and interest is very strong, and in the majority of
instances they differ from AAA issues only in small degree.
A-Bonds rated A have a strong capacity to pay principal and interest,
although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in
circumstances and economic conditions.
BBB-Bonds rated BBB are regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay
principal and interest. Whereas they normally exhibit adequate protection
parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more
likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay principal and interest for bonds in
this category than for bonds in the A category.
B-24
<PAGE>
Plus (+) or Minus(-)--The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by
the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major
categories.
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Moody's commercial paper ratings are assessments of the issuer's
ability to repay punctually promissory obligations. Moody's employs the
following three designations, all judged to be investment grade, to indicate the
relative repayment capacity of rated issuers: Prime 1--highest quality; Prime
2--higher quality; Prime 3--high quality.
A Standard & Poor's commercial paper rating is a current assessment of
the likelihood of timely payment. Ratings are graded into four categories,
ranging from "A" for the highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest.
Issues assigned the highest rating, A, are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers "1", "2" and "3" to indicate the relative degree of safety. The
designation A-1 indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is
either overwhelming or very strong. A "+" designation is applied to those issues
rated "A-1" which possess extremely strong safety characteristics. Capacity for
timely payment on issues with the designation "A-2" is strong. However, the
relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated A-1. Issues
carrying the designation "A-3" have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment.
They are, however, somewhat more vulnerable to the adverse effect of changes in
circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designations.
B-25
<PAGE>
CHARTER EQUITY FUND,
A SERIES OF ADVISORS SERIES TRUST
1401 I STREET, N.W.
SUITE 505
WASHINGTON, DC 20005
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Dated June 23, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and it
should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated June 23, 1999, as may be
revised, of the CHARTER EQUITY FUND (the "Fund"), a series of Advisors Series
Trust (the "Trust"). Charter Financial Group, Inc. (the "Advisor") is the
advisor to the Fund. A copy of the Fund's Prospectus may be obtained by
contacting ICA Fund Services Corp. by writing to 4455 E. Camelback Rd. Suite
261E, Phoenix, AZ 85018 or call (800) 576-8229.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the Prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ....... B-2 Investment Objective,
Principal Investment
Strategies and Related Risks
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .... B-5 Investment Objective,
Principal Investment
Strategies and Related Risks
Portfolio Turnover ...................... B-6 Investment Objective,
Principal Investment
Strategies and Related Risks
Determination of Net Asset Value ........ B-7 Shareholder Information
Purchase and Redemption of Fund Shares .. B-7 Shareholder Information
Management .............................. B-9 Investment Advisor
Distributions and Arrangements .......... B-12 Distribution and Taxes
Taxation ................................ B-13 Distribution and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions ............. B-16 Distribution and Taxes
Performance Information ................. B-16 General Information
General Information ..................... B-17 General Information
B-1
<PAGE>
THE TRUST
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end, non-diversified management investment
company organized as a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of
Delaware on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of seventeen series of
shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. This SAI relates only
to the Fund.
The Trust is registered with the SEC as a management investment company. Such a
registration does not involve supervision of the management or policies of the
Fund. The Prospectus of the Fund and this SAI omit certain of the information
contained in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of such
information may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to seek to provide investors with
long-term growth of capital. The Fund primarily invests in common stocks of
companies with a market capitalization in excess of $1 billion. The Fund also
will invest in foreign securities traded on a U.S. exchange and in American
Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"). There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve
its objective. The Fund is classified as a "nondiversified" fund under federal
securities laws. The discussion below supplements information contained in the
Fund's Prospectus as to investment policies of the Fund.
In addition to the risks associated with particular types of securities, which
are discussed below, the Fund is subject to general market risks. The Fund
invests primarily in common stocks. The market risks associated with stocks
include the possibility that the entire market for common stocks could suffer a
decline in price over a short or even an extended period. This could affect the
net asset value of your Fund shares. The U.S. stock market tends to be cyclical,
with periods when stock prices generally rise and periods when stock prices
generally decline.
FOREIGN SECURITIES. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in
securities of foreign companies which are traded on a national securities
exchange, including sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts
("ADRs"). ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company
evidencing ownership of the underlying securities of foreign issuers, and other
forms of depository receipts for securities of foreign issuers. Generally, ADRs,
in registered form, are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in
the U.S. securities markets. Thus, these securities are not denominated in the
same currency as the securities in which they may be converted. In addition, the
issuers of the securities underlying unsponsored ADRs are not obligated to
disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be
less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a
correlation between such information and the market value of the ADRs.
Investments in foreign securities involve special risks, costs and opportunities
which are in addition to those inherent in domestic investments. Political,
economic or social instability of the issuer or the country of issue, the
possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the
removal of assets or diplomatic developments, and the possibility of adverse
changes in investment or exchange control regulations are among the inherent
risks. Securities of some foreign companies are less liquid, mor volatile and
more difficult to value than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Foreign
companies are not subject to the regulatory requirements of U.S. companies and,
as such, there may be less publicly available information about such companies.
Moreover, foreign companies are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and
financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to
U.S. companies. Currency fluctuations will affect the net asst value of the Fund
irrespective of the performance of the underlying investments in foreign
issuers.
B-2
<PAGE>
ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its
net assets in securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual
restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the
amount of illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of
the Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to sell restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices
and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests within
seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in
order to sell them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market
conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed for certain
securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including
repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not reflect the actual liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act,
the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities despite their legal or contractual restrictions on resale.
In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on resale will
be deemed illiquid.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. Under such
agreements, the seller of the security agrees to repurchase it at a mutually
agreed upon time and price. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase
price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase
prices may be the same, with interest at a stated rate due to the Fund together
with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund
is unrelated to the interest rate on the U.S. Government security itself. Such
repurchase agreements will be made only with banks with assets of $500 million
or more that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or with
Government securities dealers recognized by the Federal Reserve Board and
registered as broker-dealers with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")
or exempt from such registration. The Fund will generally enter into repurchase
agreements of short durations, from overnight to one week, although the
underlying securities generally have longer maturities. The Fund may not enter
into a repurchase agreement with more than seven days to maturity if, as a
result, more than 15% of the value of its net assets would be invested in
illiquid securities including such repurchase agreements.
For purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"), a
repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan from the Fund to the seller of the
U.S. Government security subject to the repurchase agreement. It is not clear
whether a court would consider the U.S. Government security acquired by the Fund
subject to a repurchase agreement as being owned by the Fund or as being
collateral for a loan by the Fund to the seller. In the event of the
commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller
of the U.S. Government security before its repurchase under a repurchase
agreement, the Fund may encounter delays and incur costs before being able to
sell the security. Delays may involve loss of interest or a decline in price of
the U.S. Government security. If a court characterizes the transaction as a loan
and the Fund has not perfected a security interest in the U.S. Government
security, the Fund may be required to return the security to the seller's estate
and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As an unsecured creditor,
the Fund would be at the risk of losing some or all of the principal and income
involved in the transaction. As with any unsecured debt instrument purchased for
the Fund, the Advisor seeks to minimize the risk of loss through repurchase
agreements by analyzing the creditworthiness of the other party, in this case
the seller of the U.S. Government security.
Apart from the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the
risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the security. However, the Fund will
always receive as collateral for any repurchase agreement to which it is a party
securities acceptable to it, the market value of which is equal to at least 100%
of the amount invested by the Fund plus accrued interest, and the Fund will make
payment against such securities only upon physical delivery or evidence of book
entry transfer to the account of its Custodian. If the market value of the U.S.
Government security subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the
repurchase price (including interest), the Fund will direct the seller of the
U.S. Government security to deliver additional securities so that the market
value of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement will equal or exceed
the repurchase price. It is possible that the Fund will be unsuccessful in
seeking to impose on the seller a contractual obligation to deliver additional
securities.
B-3
<PAGE>
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS. The Fund may
hold certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time deposits.
Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds
deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic banks, savings and loan associations
or financial institutions which, at the time of purchase, have capital, surplus
and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both
domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports, or less than
$100 million if the principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured
by the U.S. Government.
In addition to buying certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances, the Fund
also may make interest-bearing time or other interest-bearing deposits in
commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits
maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a
specified interest rate.
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND SHORT-TERM NOTES. The Fund may invest a portion of its
assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists of
unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Commercial paper and
short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and
fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to
one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at the time
of purchase "A-2" or higher by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group, "Prime-1" or
"Prime-2" by Moody's Investors Service, Inc., or similarly rated by another
nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be
determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are
described in the Appendix.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. The Fund may invest
in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of daily cash
positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees a Fund bears
directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear its pro
rata portions of each other investment company's advisory and operational
expenses.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be
changed without approval by a "majority of the outstanding shares" of the Fund
which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of
the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50%
of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or
(b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
B-4
<PAGE>
The Fund may not:
(1) Make loans to others, except (a) through the purchase of debt securities in
accordance with its investment objective and policies, or (b) to the extent the
entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
(2) Borrow money, except for temporary or emergency purposes. Any such
borrowings will be made only if immediately thereafter there is an asset
coverage of at least 400% of all borrowings.
(3) Mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any of its assets except in connection with
any borrowings.
(4) Purchase securities on margin, participate on a joint or joint and several
basis in any securities trading account, or underwrite securities. (Does not
preclude the Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for
the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities.)
(5) Purchase real estate, commodities or commodity contracts. (As a matter of
operating policy, the Board of Trustees may authorize the Fund in the future to
engage in certain activities regarding futures contracts for bona fide hedging
purposes; any such authorization will be accompanied by appropriate notification
to shareholders.)
(6) Issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act, except that this
restriction shall not be deemed to prohibit the Fund from (a) making any
permitted borrowings, mortgages or pledges or (b) entering into options, futures
or repurchase transactions.
(7) Invest 25% or more of the market value of its assets in the securities of
companies engaged in any one industry, except that this restriction does not
apply to investment in the securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or
instrumentalities.
The Fund observes the following policies, which are not deemed fundamental and
which may be changed without shareholder vote. The Fund may not:
(8) Invest in any issuer for purposes of exercising control or management.
(9) Invest in securities of other investment companies except as permitted under
the 1940 Act.
(10) Invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in securities
with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, securities which are not
readily marketable and repurchase agreements with more than seven days to
maturity.
If a percentage or rating restriction on investment or use of assets set forth
herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected,
later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the
Fund will not be considered a violation. If the value of the Fund's holdings of
illiquid securities at any time exceeds the percentage limitation applicable at
the time of acquisition due to subsequent fluctuations in value or other
reasons, the Board of Trustees will consider what actions, if any, are
appropriate to maintain adequate liquidity.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor determines which
securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers
will be used to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Purchases and sales
of securities in the over-the-counter market will be executed directly with a
"market-maker" unless, in the opinion of the Advisor, a better price and
execution can otherwise be obtained by using a broker for the transaction.
Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from
issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions
will be made through dealers (including banks) which specialize in the types of
securities which the Fund will be holding, unless better executions are
available elsewhere. Dealers and underwriters usually act as principal for their
own account. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the
issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread
between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price offered by more
than one broker, dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be
allocated to a broker, dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other
services as discussed below.
B-5
<PAGE>
In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor will use its best efforts to
choose a broker-dealer capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the
most favorable price and execution available. The full range and quality of
services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as
the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities
of the firm involved, the firm's risk in positioning a block of securities, and
other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more
than one broker-dealer can offer the most favorable price and execution
available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers which furnish or
supply research and statistical information to the Advisor that it may lawfully
and appropriately use in its investment advisory capacities, as well as provide
other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor considers such
information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to
be performed by it under its Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying
degrees, but of indeterminable value. Portfolio transactions may be placed with
broker-dealers who sell shares of the Fund subject to rules adopted by the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
While it is the Fund's general policy to seek first to obtain the most favorable
price and execution available, in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio
transactions for the Fund, weight is also given to the ability of a
broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services to the Fund or to the
Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and
may be useful to the Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating
commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the
Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if
no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided
that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith
by the Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or
research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness
is to be measured in light of the Advisor's overall responsibilities to the
Fund.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other
client accounts or mutual funds managed or advised by the Advisor. Nevertheless,
it is possible that at times identical securities will be acceptable for both
the Fund and one or more of such client accounts. In such event, the position of
the Fund and such client account(s) in the same issuer may vary and the length
of time that each may choose to hold its investment in the same issuer may
likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts seeks to
acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able
to acquire as large a portion of such security as it desires, or it may have to
pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the
Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of,
an order to sell any particular security at the same time. If one or more of
such client accounts simultaneously purchases or sells the same security that
the Fund is purchasing or selling, each day's transactions in such security will
be allocated between the Fund and all such client accounts in a manner deemed
equitable by the Advisor, taking into account the respective sizes of the
accounts and the amount being purchased or sold. It is recognized that in some
cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or value of the
security insofar as the Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, it is
believed that the ability of the Fund to participate in volume transactions may
produce better executions for the Fund.
The Fund does not place securities transactions through brokers solely for
selling shares of the Fund, although the Fund may consider the sale of shares as
a factor in allocating brokerage. However, as stated above, broker-dealers who
execute brokerage transactions may effect purchases of shares of the Fund for
their customers.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes,
portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of them they have
been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment considerations warrant
such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of
purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the
monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal
year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund's
portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of
acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced
within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally
leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable
transactions.
B-6
<PAGE>
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
As noted in the Prospectus, the net asset value and offering price of shares of
the Fund will be determined once daily as of the close of public trading on the
New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day
that the NYSE is open for trading. The Fund does not expect to determine the net
asset value of its shares on any day when the NYSE is not open for trading even
if there is sufficient trading in its portfolio securities on such days to
materially affect the net asset value per share. However, the net asset value of
Fund shares may be determined on days the NYSE is closed or at times other than
4:00 p.m. if the Board of Trustees decides it is necessary.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded on
securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which
such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
The net asset value per share of the Fund is calculated as follows: all
liabilities incurred or accrued are deducted from the valuation of total assets
which includes accrued but undistributed income; the resulting net assets are
divided by the number of shares of the Fund outstanding at the time of the
valuation and the result (adjusted to the nearest cent) is the net asset value
per share.
As of the date of this SAI, the NYSE is open for trading every weekday except
for the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day,
Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES
The information provided below supplements the information contained in the
Fund's Prospectus regarding the purchase and redemption of Fund shares.
HOW TO BUY SHARES
You may purchase shares of the Fund from selected securities brokers, dealers or
financial intermediaries. Investors should contact these agents directly for
appropriate instructions, as well as information pertaining to accounts and any
service or transaction fees that may be charged by those agents. Purchase orders
through securities brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries are
effected at the next-determined net asset value after receipt of the order by
such agent before the Fund's daily cutoff time. Orders received after that time
will be purchased at the next-determined net asset value.
The public offering price of Fund shares is the net asset value. The Fund
receives the net asset value. Shares are purchased at the public offering price
next determined after the Transfer Agent receives your order in proper form. In
most cases, in order to receive that day's public offering price, the Transfer
Agent must receive your order in proper form before the close of regular trading
on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). If you buy shares through your
investment representative, the representative must receive your order before the
close of regular trading on the NYSE to receive that day's public offering
price. Orders are in proper form only after funds are converted to U.S. funds.
Orders paid by check and received by 2:00 p.m., Eastern Time, will generally be
available for the purchase of shares the following business day.
B-7
<PAGE>
If you are considering redeeming or transferring shares to another person
shortly after purchase, you should pay for those shares with a certified check
to avoid any delay in redemption or transfer. Otherwise the Fund may delay
payment until the purchase price of those shares has been collected or, if you
redeem by telephone, until 15 calendar days after the purchase date. To
eliminate the need for safekeeping, the Fund will not issue certificates for
your shares unless you request them.
The Trust reserves the right in its sole discretion (i) to suspend the continued
offering of the Fund's shares, (ii) to reject purchase orders in whole or in
part when in the judgment of the Advisor or the Distributor such rejection is in
the best interest of the Fund, and (iii) to reduce or waive the minimum for
initial and subsequent investments for certain fiduciary accounts or under
circumstances where certain economies can be achieved in sales of the Fund's
shares.
HOW TO SELL SHARES
You can sell your Fund shares any day the NYSE is open for regular trading,
either directly to the Fund or through your investment representative. The Fund
will forward redemption proceeds or redeem shares for which it has collected
payment of the purchase price.
Payments to shareholders for shares of the Fund redeemed directly from the Fund
will be made as promptly as possible but no later than seven days after receipt
by the Fund's Transfer Agent of the written request in proper form, with the
appropriate documentation as stated in the Prospectus, except that the Fund may
suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment during any
period when (a) trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC or
the NYSE is closed for other than weekends and holidays; (b) an emergency exists
as determined by the SEC making disposal of portfolio securities or valuation of
net assets of the Fund not reasonably practicable; or (c) for such other period
as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund's shareholders. At various
times, the Fund may be requested to redeem shares for which it has not yet
received confirmation of good payment; in this circumstance, the Fund may delay
the redemption until payment for the purchase of such shares has been collected
and confirmed to the Fund.
SELLING SHARES DIRECTLY TO THE FUND
Send a signed letter of instruction to the Transfer Agent, along with any
certificates that represent shares you want to sell. The price you will receive
is the next net asset value calculated after the Fund receives your request in
proper form. In order to receive that day's net asset value, the Transfer Agent
must receive your request before the close of regular trading on the NYSE.
SELLING SHARES THROUGH YOUR INVESTMENT REPRESENTATIVE
Your investment representative must receive your request before the close of
regular trading on the NYSE to receive that day's net asset value. Your
investment representative will be responsible for furnishing all necessary
documentation to the Transfer Agent, and may charge you for its services. If you
sell shares having a net asset value of $100,000 a signature guarantee is
required.
If you want your redemption proceeds sent to an address other than your address
as it appears on the Transfer Agent's records, a signature guarantee is
required. The Fund may require additional documentation for the sale of shares
by a corporation, partnership, agent or fiduciary, or a surviving joint owner.
Contact the Transfer Agent for details.
Signature guarantees may be obtained from a bank, broker-dealer, credit union
(if authorized under state law), securities exchange or association, clearing
agency or savings institution. A notary public cannot provide a signature
guarantee.
B-8
<PAGE>
DELIVERY OF PROCEEDS
The Fund generally sends you payment for your shares the business day after your
request is received in proper form, assuming the Fund has collected payment of
the purchase price of your shares. Under unusual circumstances, the Fund may
suspend redemptions, or postpone payment for more than seven days, as permitted
by federal securities law.
Telephone redemptions
Telephone transaction privileges are made available to shareholders
automatically upon opening an account unless the privilege is declined in the
Account Application. Upon receipt of any instructions or inquiries by telephone
from a shareholder or, if held in a joint account, from either party, or from
any person claiming to be the shareholder, the Fund or its agent is authorized,
without notifying the shareholder or joint account parties, to carry out the
instructions or to respond to the inquiries, consistent with the service options
chosen by the shareholder or joint shareholders in his or their latest Account
Application or other written request for services, including purchasing or
redeeming shares of the Fund and depositing and withdrawing monies from the bank
account specified in the Bank Account Registration section of the shareholder's
latest Account Application or as otherwise properly specified to the Fund in
writing.
The Transfer Agent will employ these and other reasonable procedures to confirm
that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine; if it fails to employ
reasonable procedures, the Fund may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized
or fraudulent instructions. An investor agrees, however, that to the extent
permitted by applicable law, neither the Fund nor its agents will be liable for
any loss, liability, cost or expense arising out of any redemption request,
including any fraudulent or unauthorized request. For information, consult the
Transfer Agent.
During periods of unusual market changes and shareholder activity, you may
experience delays in contacting the Transfer Agent by telephone. In this event,
you may wish to submit a written redemption request, as described in the
Prospectus, or contact your investment representative. The Telephone Redemption
Privilege is not available if you were issued certificates for shares that
remain outstanding. The Telephone Redemption Privilege may be modified or
terminated without notice.
REDEMPTIONS-IN-KIND
Subject to compliance with applicable regulations, the Fund has reserved the
right to pay the redemption price of its shares, either totally or partially, by
a distribution in kind of readily marketable portfolio securities (instead of
cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that
assigned to them in calculating the net asset value for the shares being sold.
If a shareholder received a distribution in kind, the shareholder could incur
brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash. The Trust has
filed an election under Rule 18f-1 committing to pay in cash all redemptions by
a shareholder of record up to amounts specified by the rule (approximately
$250,000).
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is vested with
its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements between the
Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the
agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. The
day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to the
Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
The Trustees and officers of the Trust, their birth dates and positions with the
Trust, their business addresses and principal occupations during the past five
years are:
WALTER E. AUCH, SR. (born 1921) Trustee
6001 N. 62nd Place, Paradise Valley, AZ 85153. Business Consultant and Director,
Nicholas-Applegate Institutional Mutual Funds, Salomon Smith Barney Trak Funds
and Concert Series, Pimco Advisors L.P., Banyan Strategic Realty Trust, Legend
Properties and Senele Group.
B-9
<PAGE>
ERIC M. BANHAZL* (born 1957) Trustee, President and Treasurer
2020 E. Financial Way, Glendora, CA 91741. Executive Vice President, Investment
Company Administration, LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors, Inc.;
Treasurer, Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.
DONALD E. O'CONNOR (born 1936) Trustee
1700 Taylor Avenue, Fort Washington, MD 20744. Retired; formerly Executive Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company (until
January, 1997); Vice President, Operations, Investment Company Institute (until
June, 1993); Independent Director, The Parnassus Fund, The Parnassus Income
Fund, and Allegiance Investment Trust.
GEORGE T. WOFFORD III (born 1939) Trustee
305 Glendora Circle, Danville, CA 94526. Senior Vice President, Information
Services, Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco.
STEVEN J. PAGGIOLI (born 1950) Vice President
915 Broadway, Suite 1605, New York, NY 10010. Executive Vice President,
Investment Company Administration, LLC; Vice President, First Fund Distributors,
Inc.; President and Trustee, Professionally Managed Portfolios; Trustee,
Managers Funds Trust.
ROBERT H. WADSWORTH (born 1940) Vice President
4455 E. Camelback Rd. Suite 261-E, Phoenix, AZ 85018. President, Robert H.
Wadsworth & Associates, Inc., Investment Company Administration, LLC and First
Fund Distributors, Inc.; Vice President, Professionally Managed Portfolios;
President, Guiness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.; Director, Germany Fund, Inc.,
New Germany Fund, Inc., Central European Equity Fund, Inc. and Deutsche Funds,
Inc.
CHRIS O. MOSER (born 1949) Secretary
4455 E. Camelback Rd. Suite 261-E, Phoenix, AZ 85018. Employed by Investment
Company Administration, LLC (since July 1996); Formerly employed by Bank One,
N.A. (From August 1995 until July 1996; O'Connor, Cavanagh, Anderson,
Killingsworth and Beshears (law firm) (until August 1995).
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
Set forth below is the rate of compensation received by the following Trustees
from all other portfolios of the Trust. This total amount is allocated among the
portfolios.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST
- ----------------- -------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity affiliated with the
Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
ADVISOR
Charter Financial Group, Inc. acts as investment advisor to the Fund pursuant to
an Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement"). Subject to such
policies as the Board of Trustees may determine, the Advisor is responsible for
investment decisions for the Fund. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory
Agreement, the Advisor provides the Fund with such investment advice and
supervision as it deems necessary for the proper supervision of the Fund's
investments. The Advisor continuously provides investment programs and determine
from time to time what securities shall be purchased, sold or exchanged and what
portion of the Fund's assets shall be held uninvested. The Advisor furnishes, at
its own expense, all services, facilities and personnel necessary in connection
with managing the investments and effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year only if such
continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees
or by vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities and by a
majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or
interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such Advisory Agreement.
B-10
<PAGE>
Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is permitted to
render services to others. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty
by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on not more than 60 days', nor less than 30
days', written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund's
shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust,
or by the Advisor on not more than 60 days', nor less than 30 days', written
notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its "assignment" (as
defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement provides that the Advisor under
such agreement shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law
or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the
execution of portfolio transactions for the Fund, except for wilful misfeasance,
bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of
reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder.
In the event the operating expenses of the Fund, including all investment
advisory and administration fees, but excluding brokerage commissions and fees,
taxes, interest and extraordinary expenses such as litigation, for any fiscal
year exceed the Fund's expense limitation, the Advisor shall reduce its advisory
fee (which fee is described below) to the extent of its share of such excess
expenses. The amount of any such reduction to be borne by the Advisor shall be
deducted from the monthly advisory fee otherwise payable with respect to the
Fund during such fiscal year; and if such amounts should exceed the monthly fee,
the Advisor shall pay to the Fund its share of such excess expenses no later
than the last day of the first month of the next succeeding fiscal year.
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back
five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years and
seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent
upon Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed
amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of
current ordinary operating expenses.
In consideration of the services provided by the Advisor pursuant to the
Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is entitled to receive from the Fund an
investment advisory fee computed daily and paid monthly based on a rate equal to
a percentage of the Fund's average daily net assets specified in the Prospectus.
However, the Advisor may voluntarily agree to waive a portion of the fees
payable to it on a month-to-month basis.
ADMINISTRATOR
Pursuant to an Administration Agreement (the "Administration Agreement"),
Investment Company Administration, LLC is the administrator of the Fund (the
"Administrator"). The Administrator provides certain administrative services to
the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the negotiation
of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and billing of,
the Fund's independent contractors and agents; preparation for signature by an
officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for compliance by the
Trust and the Fund with applicable laws and regulations excluding those of the
securities laws of various states; arranging for the computation of performance
data, including net asset value and yield; responding to shareholder inquiries;
and arranging for the maintenance of books and records of the Fund, and
providing, at its own expense, office facilities, equipment and personnel
necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity, the Administrator does not
have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund, the
determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the
distribution of Fund shares.
B-11
<PAGE>
Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator is permitted to render
administrative services to others. The Fund's Administration Agreement will
continue in effect from year to year only if such continuance is specifically
approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a
majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a
majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Administration Agreement or
"interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party. The
Administration Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of
the Fund on 60 days' written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of
the Fund's shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees,
including a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" (as
defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust, or by the Advisor on 60 days' written
notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of their "assignment" (as
defined in the 1940 Act). The Administration Agreement also provide that neither
the Administrator or its personnel shall be liable for any error of judgment or
mistake of law or for any act or omission in the administration of the Fund,
except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance
of its or their duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its or their
obligations and duties under the Administration Agreement.
In consideration of the services provided by the Administrator pursuant to the
Administration Agreement, the Administrator receives from the Fund a fee
computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to 0.10% of the Fund's
average daily net assets, on an annualized basis for the Fund's then-current
fiscal year.
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the following
annual rate, subject to a $30,000 minimum:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
Pursuant to a plan of distribution adopted by the Trust, on behalf of
the Fund, pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (the "Plan"), the Fund may
pay distribution and related expenses up to .25% of its average net assets to
the Advisor as Distribution Coordinator. Expenses permitted to be paid include
preparation, printing and mailing of prospectuses, shareholder reports such as
semi-annual and annual reports, performance reports and newsletters, sales
literature and other promotional material to prospective investors, direct mail
solicitations, advertising, public relations, compensation of sales personnel,
advisors or other third parties for their assistance with respect to the
distribution of the Fund's shares, payments to financial intermediaries for
shareholder support, administrative and accounting services with respect to
shareholders of the Fund and such other expenses as may be approved from time to
time by the Board of Trustees of the Trust.
Under the Plan, the Trustees will be furnished quarterly with
information detailing the amount of expenses paid under the Plan and the
purposes for which payments were made. The Plan may be terminated at any time by
vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not interested persons.
Continuation of the Plan is considered by such Trustees no less frequently than
annually. During the period ending _____________, the Fund paid the Distribution
Coordinator distribution fees totaling $___________. These fees were used to pay
the Advisor for [FUND ADVERTISING EXPENSES, PRESENTATION AND ROAD SHOW EXPENSES
INCURRED, MARKETING-RELATED PRINTING AND POSTAGE, TRAIL COMMISSIONS AND DEALER
FEES PAID TO BROKERS WHO SOLD SHARES OF THE FUND AND COMPENSATION TO EMPLOYEES
INVOLVED IN DISTRIBUTION OF FUND SHARES. - SEE BOARD PRESENTATION INFORMATION]
B-12
<PAGE>
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
The Trust has entered into a Distribution Agreement (the "Distribution
Agreement") with First Fund Distributors, Inc. (the "Distributor"), pursuant to
which the Distributor acts as the Fund's exclusive underwriter, provides certain
administration services and promotes and arranges for the sale of the Fund's
shares. The Distributor is an affiliate of the Administrator. The Distribution
Agreement provides that the Distributor will bear the expenses of printing,
distributing and filing prospectuses and statements of additional information
and reports used for sales purposes, and of preparing and printing sales
literature and advertisements not paid for by the Distribution Plan. The Trust
pays for all of the expenses for qualification of the Fund's shares for sale in
connection with the public offering of such shares, and all legal expenses in
connection therewith. In addition, pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the
Distributor provides certain sub-administration services to the Trust, including
providing officers, clerical staff and office space.
The Distribution Agreement will continue in effect with respect to the Fund only
if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of
Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities
and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the
Distribution Agreement or "interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of
any such party. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the
Trust on behalf of the Fund on 60 days' written notice when authorized either by
a majority vote of the Fund's shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board
of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees who are not
"interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust, or by the
Distributor on 60 days' written notice, and will automatically terminate in the
event of its "assignment" (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Distribution
Agreement also provides that neither the Distributor nor its personnel shall be
liable for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering
services under the Distribution Agreement, except for willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations or duties.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all applicable
requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification of its
assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to distribute
to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net
realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the Board may
elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under the
circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
B-13
<PAGE>
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
B-14
<PAGE>
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes. In general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the
amount, character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to
straddle positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
B-15
<PAGE>
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after the
Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
From time to time, the Fund may state its total return in advertisements and
investor communications. Total return may be stated for any relevant period as
specified in the advertisement or communication. Any statements of total return
will be accompanied by information on the Fund's average annual compounded rate
of return over the most recent four calendar quarters and the period from the
Fund's inception of operations. The Fund may also advertise aggregate and
average total return information over different periods of time.
B-16
<PAGE>
The Fund's total return may be compared to relevant indices, including Standard
& Poor's 500 Composite Stock Index and indices published by Lipper Analytical
Services, Inc. From time to time, evaluations of the Fund's performance by
independent sources may also be used in advertisements and in information
furnished to present or prospective investors in the Fund.
Investors should note that the investment results of the Fund will fluctuate
over time, and any presentation of the Fund's total return for any period should
not be considered as a representation of what an investment may earn or what an
investor's total return may be in any future period.
The Fund's average annual compounded rate of return is determined by reference
to a hypothetical $1,000 investment that includes capital appreciation and
depreciation for the stated period, according to the following formula:
n
P(1+T) = ERV
Where: P = a hypothetical initial purchase order of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of the hypothetical $1,000 purchase at
the end of the period
Aggregate total return is calculated in a similar manner, except that the
results are not annualized.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as
a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on October 3,
1996. The Trust currently consists of 17 effective series of shares of
beneficial interest, par value of $0.01 per share.
Investors in the Fund will be informed of the Fund's progress through periodic
reports. Financial statements certified by independent public accountants will
be submitted to shareholders at least annually.
Firstar Bank, N.A., 425 Walnut St., Cincinnati, OH 45202 acts as Custodian of
the securities and other assets of the Fund. The Custodian does not participate
in decisions relating to the purchase and sale of securities by the Fund. ICA
Fund Services Corp. acts as the Fund's transfer and shareholder service agent.
McGladrey & Pullen, LLP are the independent auditors for the Fund.
Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker, LLP, 345 California Street, 29th Floor, San
Francisco, California 94104, are legal counsel to the Fund.
With respect to certain funds, the Trust may offer more than one class of
shares. The Trust has reserved the right to create and issue additional series
or classes. Each share of a series or class represents an equal proportionate
interest in that series or class with each other share of that series or class.
Currently, the Fund has only one class of shares.
The shares of each series or class participate equally in the earnings,
dividends and assets of the particular series or class. Expenses of the Trust
which are not attributable to a specific series or class are allocated amount
all the series in a manner believed by management of the Trust to be fair and
equitable. Shares have no pre-emptive or conversion rights. Shares when issued
are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below. Shareholders are
entitled to one vote for each share held. Shares of each series or class
generally vote together, except when required under federal securities laws to
vote separately on matters that only affect a particular class, such as the
approval of distribution plans for a particular class.
B-17
<PAGE>
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders but will hold
special meetings of shareholders of a series or class when, in the judgment of
the Trustees, it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder
vote. Shareholders have, under certain circumstances, the right to communicate
with other shareholders in connection with requesting a meeting of shareholders
for the purpose of removing one or more Trustees. Shareholders also have, in
certain circumstances, the right to remove one or more Trustees without a
meeting. No material amendment may be made to the Trust's Declaration of Trust
without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares of each portfolio affected by the amendment. The Trust's Declaration of
Trust provides that, at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust or of any
series or class, a Shareholder Servicing Agent may vote any shares as to which
such Shareholder Servicing Agent is the agent of record and which are not
represented in person or by proxy at the meeting, proportionately in accordance
with the votes cast by holders of all shares of that portfolio otherwise
represented at the meeting in person or by proxy as to which such Shareholder
Servicing Agent is the agent of record. Any shares so voted by a Shareholder
Servicing Agent will be deemed represented at the meeting for purposes of quorum
requirements. Shares have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares, when
issued, are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below. Any series
or class may be terminated (i) upon the merger or consolidation with, or the
sale or disposition of all or substantially all of its assets to, another
entity, if approved by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of its outstanding
shares, except that if the Board of Trustees recommends such merger,
consolidation or sale or disposition of assets, the approval by vote of the
holders of a majority of the series' or class' outstanding shares will be
sufficient, or (ii) by the vote of the holders of a majority of its outstanding
shares, or (iii) by the Board of Trustees by written notice to the series' or
class' shareholders. Unless each series and class is so terminated, the Trust
will continue indefinitely.
The Fund intends to pay cash (U.S. dollars) for all shares redeemed, but, under
abnormal conditions that make payment in cash unwise, the Fund may make payment
partly in its portfolio securities with a current amortized cost or market
value, as appropriate, equal to the redemption price. Although the Fund does not
anticipate that it will make any part of a redemption payment in securities, if
such payment were made, an investor may incur brokerage costs in converting such
securities to cash. The Trust has elected to be governed by the provisions of
Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company Act, which require that the Fund pay in
cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record limited in amount,
however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value
of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of such period.
The Trust's Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall maintain
appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions
insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees,
officers, employees and agents covering possible tort and other liabilities.
Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of
shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate
insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations.
The validity of the Fund's shares has been passed on by Paul, Hastings, Janofsky
& Walker LLP, 345 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94104.
B-18
<PAGE>
APPENDIX
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Moody's Investors Service, Inc.
Prime-1--Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated "Prime-1"
have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations.
"Prime-1" repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following
characteristics: leading market positions in well-established industries, high
rates of return on funds employed, conservative capitalization structures with
moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection, broad margins in earnings
coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation, and
well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
Prime-2--Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated "Prime-2"
have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This
will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a
lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more
subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate,
may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternative liquidity is
maintained.
Standard & Poor's Ratings Group
A-1--This highest category indicates that the degree of safety
regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely
strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign designation.
A-2--Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated "A-1."
B-19
<PAGE>
NATIONAL ASSET MANAGEMENT CORE EQUITY FUND,
A SERIES OF ADVISORS SERIES TRUST
101 SOUTH FIFTH STREET
LOUISVILLE, KY 40202
Statement of Additional Information
Dated June 1, 1999
as supplemented July 2, 1999
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus, and it
should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated June 1, 1999, as may be
revised, of the NATIONAL ASSET MANAGEMENT CORE EQUITY FUND (the "Fund"), a
series of Advisors Series Trust (the "Trust"). National Asset Management
Corporation (the "Advisor") is the advisor to the Fund. A copy of the Fund's
Prospectus may be obtained by contacting National Asset Management at the
above-listed address; telephone (877) 626-3863.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cross-reference to sections
Page in the Prospectus
---- ---------------------------
Investment Objective and Policies ....... B-2 Investment Objectives,
Principal Investment
Strategies and Related Risks
Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage .... B-6 Investment Objectives,
Principal Investment
Strategies and Related Risks
Portfolio Turnover ...................... B-7 Investment Objectives,
Principal Investment
Strategies and Related Risks
Determination of Net Asset Value ........ B-7 Shareholder Information
Purchase and Redemption of Fund Shares .. B-8 Shareholder Information
Management .............................. B-10 Investment Advisor
Distribution Arrangements ............... B-12 Distributions and Taxes
Taxation ................................ B-13 Distributions and Taxes
Dividends and Distributions. ............ B-15 Distributions and Taxes
Performance Information ................. B-16 General Information
General Information ..................... B-17 General Information
B-1
<PAGE>
THE TRUST
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end, non-diversified management investment
company organized as a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of
Delaware on October 3, 1996. The Trust currently consists of 17 series of shares
of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. This SAI relates only to the
Fund.
The Trust is registered with the SEC as a management investment company. Such a
registration does not involve supervision of the management or policies of the
Fund. The Prospectus of the Fund and this SAI omit certain of the information
contained in the Registration Statement filed with the SEC. Copies of such
information may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the prescribed fee.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The investment objective of the Fund is to seek to provide investors with high
total investment return. This consists of capital appreciation and current
income. The Fund primarily invests in common stocks of large and medium
capitalization U.S. companies. There is no assurance that the Fund will achieve
its objective. The Fund is classified as a "diversified" fund under federal
securities laws. The discussion below supplements information contained in the
Fund's Prospectus as to investment policies of the Fund.
In addition to the risks associated with particular types of securities, which
are discussed below, the Fund is subject to general market risks. The Fund
invests primarily in common stocks. The market risks associated with stocks
include the possibility that the entire market for common stocks could suffer a
decline in price over a short or even an extended period. This could affect the
net asset value of your Fund shares. The U.S. stock market tends to be cyclical,
with periods when stock prices generally rise and periods when stock prices
generally decline.
EQUITY SECURITIES. The equity securities in which the Fund invests generally
consist of common stock and securities convertible into or exchangeable for
common stock. Under normal market conditions, at least 65% of the value of the
Fund's total assets will be invested in the equity securities of U.S. companies
with market capitalization of over $1billion. The securities in which the Fund
invests are expected to be either listed on an exchange or traded in an
over-the-counter market.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities, which are
securities generally offering fixed interest or dividend yields which may be
converted either at a stated price or stated rate for common or preferred stock.
Although to a lesser extent than with fixed-income securities generally, the
market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates
increase, and increase as interest rates decline. Because of the conversion
feature, the market value of convertible securities also tends to vary with
fluctuations in the market value of the underlying common or stock.
FOREIGN SECURITIES. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in
securities of foreign companies which are traded on a national securities
exchange, including sponsored and unsponsored American Depositary Receipts
("ADRs"). ADRs are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company
evidencing ownership of the underlying securities of foreign issuers, and other
forms of depository receipts for securities of foreign issuers. Generally, ADRs,
in registered form, are denominated in U.S. dollars and are designed for use in
the U.S. securities markets. Thus, these securities are not denominated in the
same currency as the underlying securities they represent. In addition, the
issuers of the securities underlying unsponsored ADRs are not obligated to
disclose material information in the United States and, therefore, there may be
less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a
correlation between such information and the market value of the ADRs.
Investments in foreign securities involve special risks, costs and opportunities
which are in addition to those inherent in domestic investments. Political,
economic or social instability of the issuer or the country of issue, the
possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, limitations on the
removal of assets or diplomatic developments, and the possibility of adverse
changes in investment or exchange control regulations are among the inherent
risks. Securities of some foreign companies are less liquid, more volatile and
more difficult to value than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Foreign
companies are not subject to the regulatory requirements of U.S. companies and,
as such, there may be less publicly available information about such companies.
Moreover, foreign companies are not subject to uniform accounting, auditing and
financial reporting standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to
U.S. companies. Currency fluctuations will affect the net asset value of the
Fund irrespective of the performance of the underlying investments in foreign
issuers.
B-2
<PAGE>
ILLIQUID SECURITIES. The Fund may not invest more than 15% of the value of its
net assets in securities that at the time of purchase have legal or contractual
restrictions on resale or are otherwise illiquid. The Advisor will monitor the
amount of illiquid securities in the Fund's portfolio, under the supervision of
the Trust's Board of Trustees, to ensure compliance with the Fund's investment
restrictions.
Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to
contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been
registered under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"), securities
which are otherwise not readily marketable and repurchase agreements having a
maturity of longer than seven days. Securities which have not been registered
under the Securities Act are referred to as private placement or restricted
securities and are purchased directly from the issuer or in the secondary
market. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of these
restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on
resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse
effect on the marketability of portfolio securities and the Fund might be unable
to sell restricted or other illiquid securities promptly or at reasonable prices
and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemption requests within
seven days. The Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in
order to sell them, resulting in additional expense and delay. Adverse market
conditions could impede such a public offering of securities.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed for certain
securities that are not registered under the Securities Act, including
repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal
securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an
efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily
resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that
there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or
to certain institutions may not reflect the actual liquidity of such
investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers
in accordance with Rule 144A promulgated by the SEC under the Securities Act,
the Trust's Board of Trustees may determine that such securities are not
illiquid securities despite their legal or contractual restrictions on resale.
In all other cases, however, securities subject to restrictions on resale will
be deemed illiquid.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. Under such
agreements, the seller of the security agrees to repurchase it at a mutually
agreed upon time and price. The repurchase price may be higher than the purchase
price, the difference being income to the Fund, or the purchase and repurchase
prices may be the same, with interest at a stated rate due to the Fund together
with the repurchase price on repurchase. In either case, the income to the Fund
is unrelated to the interest rate on the U.S. Government security itself. Such
repurchase agreements will be made only with banks with assets of $500 million
or more that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or with
Government securities dealers recognized by the Federal Reserve Board and
registered as broker-dealers with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC")
or exempt from such registration. The Fund will generally enter into repurchase
agreements of short durations, from overnight to one week, although the
underlying securities generally have longer maturities. The Fund may not enter
into a repurchase agreement with more than seven days to maturity if, as a
result, more than 15% of the value of its net assets would be invested in
illiquid securities including such repurchase agreements.
For purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act"), a
repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan from the Fund to the seller of the
U.S. Government security subject to the repurchase agreement. It is not clear
whether a court would consider the U.S. Government security acquired by the Fund
subject to a repurchase agreement as being owned by the Fund or as being
collateral for a loan by the Fund to the seller. In the event of the
commencement of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings with respect to the seller
of the U.S. Government security before its repurchase under a repurchase
agreement, the Fund may encounter delays and incur costs before being able to
sell the security. Delays may involve loss of interest or a decline in price of
the U.S. Government security. If a court characterizes the transaction as a loan
and the Fund has not perfected a security interest in the U.S. Government
security, the Fund may be required to return the security to the seller's estate
and be treated as an unsecured creditor of the seller. As an unsecured creditor,
the Fund would be at the risk of losing some or all of the principal and income
involved in the transaction. As with any unsecured debt instrument purchased for
the Fund, the Advisor seeks to minimize the risk of loss through repurchase
agreements by analyzing the creditworthiness of the other party, in this case
the seller of the U.S. Government security.
B-3
<PAGE>
Apart from the risk of bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings, there is also the
risk that the seller may fail to repurchase the security. However, the Fund will
always receive as collateral for any repurchase agreement to which it is a party
securities acceptable to it, the market value of which is equal to at least 100%
of the amount invested by the Fund plus accrued interest, and the Fund will make
payment against such securities only upon physical delivery or evidence of book
entry transfer to the account of its Custodian. If the market value of the U.S.
Government security subject to the repurchase agreement becomes less than the
repurchase price (including interest), the Fund will direct the seller of the
U.S. Government security to deliver additional securities so that the market
value of all securities subject to the repurchase agreement will equal or exceed
the repurchase price. It is possible that the Fund will be unsuccessful in
seeking to impose on the seller a contractual obligation to deliver additional
securities.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
The Fund may invest in any of the following securities and instruments:
CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, BANKERS' ACCEPTANCES AND TIME DEPOSITS. The Fund may
hold certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances and time deposits.
Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds
deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a
specified return. Bankers' acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of
exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific
merchandise, which are "accepted" by a bank, meaning in effect that the bank
unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity.
Certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances acquired by the Fund will be
dollar-denominated obligations of domestic banks, savings and loan associations
or financial institutions which, at the time of purchase, have capital, surplus
and undivided profits in excess of $100 million (including assets of both
domestic and foreign branches), based on latest published reports, or less than
$100 million if the principal amount of such bank obligations are fully insured
by the U.S. Government.
In addition to buying certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances, the Fund
also may make interest-bearing time or other interest-bearing deposits in
commercial or savings banks. Time deposits are non-negotiable deposits
maintained at a banking institution for a specified period of time at a
specified interest rate.
COMMERCIAL PAPER AND SHORT-TERM NOTES. The Fund may invest a portion of its
assets in commercial paper and short-term notes. Commercial paper consists of
unsecured promissory notes issued by corporations. Commercial paper and
short-term notes will normally have maturities of less than nine months and
fixed rates of return, although such instruments may have maturities of up to
one year.
Commercial paper and short-term notes will consist of issues rated at the time
of purchase "A-2" or higher by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group, "Prime-1" or
"Prime-2" by Moody's Investors Service, Inc., or similarly rated by another
nationally recognized statistical rating organization or, if unrated, will be
determined by the Advisor to be of comparable quality. These rating symbols are
described in the Appendix.
B-4
<PAGE>
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies. The Fund may invest
in money market mutual funds in connection with its management of daily cash
positions. In addition to the advisory and operational fees a Fund bears
directly in connection with its own operation, the Fund would also bear its pro
rata portions of each other investment
company's advisory and operational expenses.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund has adopted the following investment restrictions that may not be
changed without approval by a "majority of the outstanding shares" of the Fund
which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (a) 67% or more of
the shares of the Fund represented at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50%
of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or
(b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
The Fund may not:
(1) Make loans to others, except (a) through the purchase of debt
securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies, or (b) to
the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
(2) Borrow money, except for temporary or emergency purposes. Any
such borrowings will be made only if immediately thereafter there is an asset
coverage of at least 400% of all borrowings.
(3) Mortgage, pledge or hypothecate any of its assets except in
connection with any borrowings.
(4) Purchase securities on margin, participate on a joint or joint
and several basis in any securities trading account, or underwrite securities.
(Does not preclude the Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be
necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities.)
(5) Purchase real estate, commodities or commodity contracts. (As a
matter of operating policy, the Board of Trustees may authorize the Fund in the
future to engage in certain activities regarding futures contracts for bona fide
hedging purposes; any such authorization will be accompanied by appropriate
notification to shareholders.)
(6) Issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act, except that
this restriction shall not be deemed to prohibit the Fund from (a) making any
permitted borrowings, mortgages or pledges or (b) entering into options, futures
or repurchase transactions.
(7) With respect to 75% of its total assets, invest more than 5% of
its total assets in securities of a single issuer or hold more than 10% of the
voting securities of such issuer, except that this restriction does not apply to
investment
in the securities of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
(8) Invest 25% or more of the market value of its assets in the
securities of companies engaged in any one industry, except that this
restriction does not apply to investment in the securities of the U.S.
Government, its agencies or instrumentalities.
The Fund observes the following policies, which are not deemed fundamental and
which may be changed without shareholder vote. The Fund may not:
(1) Invest in any issuer for purposes of exercising control or
management.
(2) Invest in securities of other investment companies except as
permitted under the 1940 Act.
(3) Invest, in the aggregate, more than 15% of its net assets in
securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, securities which
are not readily marketable and repurchase agreements with more than seven days
to maturity.
B-5
<PAGE>
If a percentage or rating restriction on investment or use of assets set forth
herein or in the Prospectus is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected,
later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the
Fund will not be considered a violation. If the value of the Fund's holdings of
illiquid securities at any time exceeds the percentage limitation applicable at
the time of acquisition due to subsequent fluctuations in value or other
reasons, the Board of Trustees will consider what actions, if any, are
appropriate to maintain adequate liquidity.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement, the Advisor determines which
securities are to be purchased and sold by the Fund and which broker-dealers
will be used to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Purchases and sales
of securities in the over-the-counter market will be executed directly with a
"market-maker" unless, in the opinion of the Advisor, a better price and
execution can otherwise be obtained by using a broker for the transaction.
Purchases of portfolio securities for the Fund also may be made directly from
issuers or from underwriters. Where possible, purchase and sale transactions
will be made through dealers (including banks) which specialize in the types of
securities which the Fund will be holding, unless better executions are
available elsewhere. Dealers and underwriters usually act as principal for their
own account. Purchases from underwriters will include a concession paid by the
issuer to the underwriter and purchases from dealers will include the spread
between the bid and the asked price. If the execution and price offered by more
than one broker, dealer or underwriter are comparable, the order may be
allocated to a broker, dealer or underwriter that has provided research or other
services as discussed below.
In placing portfolio transactions, the Advisor will use its best efforts to
choose a broker-dealer capable of providing the services necessary to obtain the
most favorable price and execution available. The full range and quality of
services available will be considered in making these determinations, such as
the size of the order, the difficulty of execution, the operational facilities
of the firm involved, the firm's risk in positioning a block of securities, and
other factors. In those instances where it is reasonably determined that more
than one broker-dealer can offer the most favorable price and execution
available, consideration may be given to those broker-dealers which furnish or
supply research and statistical information to the Advisor that it may lawfully
and appropriately use in its investment advisory capacities, as well as provide
other services in addition to execution services. The Advisor considers such
information, which is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to
be performed by it under its Agreement with the Fund, to be useful in varying
degrees, but of indeterminable value. Portfolio transactions may be placed with
broker-dealers who sell shares of the Fund subject to rules adopted by the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
While it is the Fund's general policy to seek first to obtain the most favorable
price and execution available, in selecting a broker-dealer to execute portfolio
transactions for the Fund, weight is also given to the ability of a
broker-dealer to furnish brokerage and research services to the Fund or to the
Advisor, even if the specific services are not directly useful to the Fund and
may be useful to the Advisor in advising other clients. In negotiating
commissions with a broker or evaluating the spread to be paid to a dealer, the
Fund may therefore pay a higher commission or spread than would be the case if
no weight were given to the furnishing of these supplemental services, provided
that the amount of such commission or spread has been determined in good faith
by the Advisor to be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and/or
research services provided by such broker-dealer. The standard of reasonableness
is to be measured in light of the Advisor's overall responsibilities to the
Fund.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those of other
client accounts or mutual funds managed or advised by the Advisor. Nevertheless,
it is possible that at times identical securities will be acceptable for both
the Fund and one or more of such client accounts. In such event, the position of
the Fund and such client account(s) in the same issuer may vary and the length
of time that each may choose to hold its investment in the same issuer may
likewise vary. However, to the extent any of these client accounts seeks to
acquire the same security as the Fund at the same time, the Fund may not be able
to acquire as large a portion of such security as it desires, or it may have to
pay a higher price or obtain a lower yield for such security. Similarly, the
Fund may not be able to obtain as high a price for, or as large an execution of,
an order to sell any particular security at the same time. If one or more of
such client accounts simultaneously purchases or sells the same security that
the Fund is purchasing or selling, each day's transactions in such security will
be allocated between the Fund and all such client accounts in a manner deemed
equitable by the Advisor, taking into account the respective sizes of the
accounts and the amount being purchased or sold. It is recognized that in some
cases this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or value of the
security insofar as the Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, it is
believed that the ability of the Fund to participate in volume transactions may
produce better executions for the Fund.
B-6
<PAGE>
The Fund does not place securities transactions through brokers solely for
selling shares of the Fund, although the Fund may consider the sale of shares as
a factor in allocating brokerage. However, as stated above, broker-dealers who
execute brokerage transactions may effect purchases of shares of the Fund for
their customers.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Although the Fund generally will not invest for short-term trading purposes,
portfolio securities may be sold without regard to the length of them they have
been held when, in the opinion of the Advisor, investment considerations warrant
such action. Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of
purchases or sales of portfolio securities for the fiscal year by (2) the
monthly average of the value of portfolio securities owned during the fiscal
year. A 100% turnover rate would occur if all the securities in the Fund's
portfolio, with the exception of securities whose maturities at the time of
acquisition were one year or less, were sold and either repurchased or replaced
within one year. A high rate of portfolio turnover (100% or more) generally
leads to higher transaction costs and may result in a greater number of taxable
transactions.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
As noted in the Prospectus, the net asset value and offering price of shares of
the Fund will be determined once daily as of the close of public trading on the
New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") (normally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) on each day
that the NYSE is open for trading. The Fund does not expect to determine the net
asset value of its shares on any day when the NYSE is not open for trading even
if there is sufficient trading in its portfolio securities on such days to
materially affect the net asset value per share. However, the net asset value of
Fund shares may be determined on days the NYSE is closed or at times other than
4:00 p.m. if the Board of Trustees decides it is necessary.
The Fund's securities, including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, which are traded on
securities exchanges are valued at the last sale price on the exchange on which
such securities are traded, as of the close of business on the day the
securities are being valued or, lacking any reported sales, at the mean between
the last available bid and asked price. Securities that are traded on more than
one exchange are valued on the exchange determined by the Advisor to be the
primary market. Securities primarily traded in the NASDAQ National Market System
for which market quotations are readily available shall be valued at the last
sale price on the day of valuation, or if there has been no sale on such day, at
the mean between the bid and asked prices. Over-the-counter ("OTC") securities
which are not traded in the NASDAQ National Market System shall be valued at the
most recent trade price. Securities and assets for which market quotations are
not readily available (including restricted securities which are subject to
limitations as to their sale) are valued at fair value as determined in good
faith by or under the direction of the Board.
The net asset value per share of the Fund is calculated as follows: all
liabilities incurred or accrued are deducted from the valuation of total assets
which includes accrued but undistributed income; the resulting net assets are
divided by the number of shares of the Fund outstanding at the time of the
valuation and the result (adjusted to the nearest cent) is the net asset value
per share.
As of the date of this SAI, the NYSE is open for trading every weekday except
for the following holidays: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day,
Presidents' Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day,
Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
B-7
<PAGE>
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF FUND SHARES
The information provided below supplements the information contained in the
Fund's Prospectus regarding the purchase and redemption of Fund shares.
HOW TO BUY SHARES
You may purchase shares of the Fund from selected securities brokers, dealers or
financial intermediaries. Investors should contact these agents directly for
appropriate instructions, as well as information pertaining to accounts and any
service or transaction fees that may be charged by those agents. Purchase orders
through securities brokers, dealers and other financial intermediaries are
effected at the next-determined net asset value after receipt of the order by
such agent before the Fund's daily cutoff time. Orders received after that time
will be purchased at the next-determined net asset value.
The public offering price of Fund shares is the net asset value. The Fund
receives the net asset value. Shares are purchased at the public offering price
next determined after the Transfer Agent receives your order in proper form. In
most cases, in order to receive that day's public offering price, the Transfer
Agent must receive your order in proper form before the close of regular trading
on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). If you buy shares through your
investment representative, the representative must receive your order before the
close of regular trading on the NYSE to receive that day's public offering
price. Orders are in proper form only after funds are converted to U.S. funds.
Orders paid by check and received by 2:00 p.m., Eastern Time, will generally be
available for the purchase of shares the following business day.
If you are considering redeeming or transferring shares to another person
shortly after purchase, you should pay for those shares with a certified check
to avoid any delay in redemption or transfer. Otherwise the Fund may delay
payment until the purchase price of those shares has been collected or, if you
redeem by telephone, until 15 calendar days after the purchase date. To
eliminate the need for safekeeping, the Fund will not issue certificates for
your shares unless you request them.
The Trust reserves the right in its sole discretion (i) to suspend the continued
offering of the Fund's shares, (ii) to reject purchase orders in whole or in
part when in the judgment of the Advisor or the Distributor such rejection is in
the best interest of the Fund, and (iii) to reduce or waive the minimum for
initial and subsequent investments for certain fiduciary accounts or under
circumstances where certain economies can be achieved in sales of the Fund's
shares.
HOW TO SELL SHARES
You can sell your Fund shares any day the NYSE is open for regular trading,
either directly to the Fund or through your investment representative. The Fund
will forward redemption proceeds or redeem shares for which it has collected
payment of the purchase price.
Payments to shareholders for shares of the Fund redeemed directly from the Fund
will be made as promptly as possible but no later than seven days after receipt
by the Fund's Transfer Agent of the written request in proper form, with the
appropriate documentation as stated in the Prospectus, except that the Fund may
suspend the right of redemption or postpone the date of payment during any
period when (a) trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC or
the NYSE is closed for other than weekends and holidays; (b) an emergency exists
as determined by the SEC making disposal of portfolio securities or valuation of
net assets of the Fund not reasonably practicable; or (c) for such other period
as the SEC may permit for the protection of the Fund's shareholders. At various
times, the Fund may be requested to redeem shares for which it has not yet
received confirmation of good payment; in this circumstance, the Fund may delay
the redemption until payment for the purchase of such shares has been collected
and confirmed to the Fund.
SELLING SHARES DIRECTLY TO THE FUND
Send a signed letter of instruction to the Transfer Agent, along with any
certificates that represent shares you want to sell. The price you will receive
is the next net asset value calculated after the Fund receives your request in
proper form. In order to receive that day's net asset value, the Transfer Agent
must receive your request before the close of regular trading on the NYSE.
B-8
<PAGE>
SELLING SHARES THROUGH YOUR INVESTMENT REPRESENTATIVE
Your investment representative must receive your request before the close of
regular trading on the NYSE to receive that day's net asset value. Your
investment representative will be responsible for furnishing all necessary
documentation to the Transfer Agent, and may charge you for its services. If you
sell shares having a net asset value of $100,000 a
signature guarantee is required.
If you want your redemption proceeds sent to an address other than your address
as it appears on the Transfer Agent's records, a signature guarantee is
required. The Fund may require additional documentation for the sale of shares
by a corporation, partnership, agent or fiduciary, or a surviving joint owner.
Contact the Transfer Agent for details.
Signature guarantees may be obtained from a bank, broker-dealer, credit union
(if authorized under state law), securities exchange or association, clearing
agency or savings institution. A notary public cannot provide a signature
guarantee. Delivery of proceeds The Fund generally sends you payment for your
shares the business day after your request is received in proper form, assuming
the Fund has collected payment of the purchase price of your shares. Under
unusual circumstances, the Fund may suspend redemptions, or postpone payment for
more than seven days, as permitted by federal securities law.
TELEPHONE REDEMPTIONS
Telephone transaction privileges are made available to shareholders
automatically upon opening an account unless the privilege is declined in the
Account Application. Upon receipt of any instructions or inquiries by telephone
from a shareholder or, if held in a joint account, from either party, or from
any person claiming to be the shareholder, the Fund or its agent is authorized,
without notifying the shareholder or joint account parties, to carry out the
instructions or to respond to the inquiries, consistent with the service options
chosen by the shareholder or joint shareholders in his or their latest Account
Application or other written request for services, including purchasing or
redeeming shares of the Fund and depositing and withdrawing monies from the bank
account specified in the Bank Account Registration section of the shareholder's
latest Account Application or as otherwise properly specified to the Fund in
writing.
The Transfer Agent will employ these and other reasonable procedures to confirm
that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine; if it fails to employ
reasonable procedures, the Fund may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized
or fraudulent instructions. An investor agrees, however, that to the extent
permitted by applicable law, neither the Fund nor its agents will be liable for
any loss, liability, cost or expense arising out of any redemption request,
including any fraudulent or unauthorized request. For information, consult the
Transfer Agent.
During periods of unusual market changes and shareholder activity, you may
experience delays in contacting the Transfer Agent by telephone. In this event,
you may wish to submit a written redemption request, as described in the
Prospectus, or contact your investment representative. The Telephone Redemption
Privilege is not available if you were issued certificates for shares that
remain outstanding. The Telephone Redemption Privilege may be modified or
terminated without notice.
REDEMPTIONS-IN-KIND
Subject to compliance with applicable regulations, the Fund has reserved the
right to pay the redemption price of its shares, either totally or partially, by
a distribution in kind of readily marketable portfolio securities (instead of
cash). The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that
assigned to them in calculating the net asset value for the shares being sold.
If a shareholder received a distribution in kind, the shareholder could incur
brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash. The Trust has
filed an election under Rule 18f-1 committing to pay in cash all redemptions by
a shareholder of record up to amounts specified by the rule (approximately
$250,000).
B-9
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Trust is vested with
its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements between the
Trust and persons or companies furnishing services to it, including the
agreements with the Advisor, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent. The
day to day operations of the Trust are delegated to its officers, subject to the
Fund's investment objectives and policies and to general supervision by the
Board of Trustees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME, ADDRESS AND AGE POSITION PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION DURING PAST FIVE YEARS
- --------------------- -------- -------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Walter E. Auch, Sr. Trustee Director, Mutual Funds, Nicholas-Applegate,
(born 1921) Brinson Funds (since 1994), Smith Barney
6001 N. 62nd Place Trak Fund, Pimco Advisors, L.P., Banyan Land
Paradise Valley, AZ 85153 Fund II and Legend Properties
Eric M. Banhazl* Trustee, Senior Vice President, Investment Company
(born 1957) President and Administration, LLC; Vice President, First Fund
2020 E. Financial Way Treasurer Distributors, Inc.; Assistant Treasurer, RNC Mutual
Glendora, CA 91741 Fund Group; Treasurer, Guinness Flight Investment Funds,
Inc, and Professionally Managed Portfolios
Donald E. O'Connor Trustee Retired; formerly Executive Vice President and Chief
(born 1936) Operating Officer of ICI Mutual Insurance Company
1700 Taylor Avenue (until January 1997); Vice President, Operations,
Fort Washington, MD 10744 Investment Company Institute (until June 1993)
George T. Wofford III Trustee Vice President, Information Services, Federal
(born 1939) Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (since March
305 Glendora Circle 1993); formerly Director of Management Information
Danville, CA 94526 Services, Morrison & Foerster (law firm)
Steven J. Paggioli Vice Executive Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth &
(born 1950) President Associates, Inc., Investment Company
915 Broadway Administration, LLC; Vice President, First Fund
New York, NY 10010 Distributors, Inc.; President and Trustee,
Professionally Managed Portfolios; Director,
Managers Funds, Inc.
Robert H. Wadsworth Vice President, Robert H. Wadsworth & Associates,
(born 1940) President Inc., Investment Company Administration, LLC
4455 E. Camelback Rd. and First Fund Distributors, Inc.; Vice President,
Suite 261-E Professionally Managed Portfolios; President,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Guinness Flight Investment Funds, Inc.;
Director, Germany Fund, Inc., New Germany
Fund, Inc., Central European Equity Fund, Inc.
and Deutsche Funds, Inc.
Chris O. Moser Secretary Employed by Investment Company
(born 1959) Administration, LLC (since July 1996);
4455 E. Camelback Rd. Formerly employed by Bank One, N.A. (from
Suite 261-E August 1995 until July 1996; O'Connor,
Phoenix, AZ 85018 Cavanagh, Anderson, Killingsworth and
Beshears (law firm) (until August 1995)
</TABLE>
B-10
<PAGE>
* denotes Trustee who is an "interested person" of the Trust under the 1940 Act.
Set forth below is the rate of compensation received by the following Trustees
from all other portfolios of the Trust. This total amount is allocated among the
portfolios. The Trust has no pension or retirement plan. No other entity
affiliated with the Trust pays any compensation to the Trustees.
NAME AND POSITION AGGREGATE COMPENSATION FROM THE TRUST
- ----------------- -------------------------------------
Walter E. Auch, Sr., Trustee $12,000
Donald E. O'Connor, Trustee $12,000
George T. Wofford III, Trustee $12,000
ADVISOR
National Asset Management Corporation acts as investment advisor to the Fund
pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement"). Subject
to such policies as the Board of Trustees may determine, the Advisor is
responsible for investment decisions for the Fund. Pursuant to the terms of the
Advisory Agreement, the Advisor provides the Fund with such investment advice
and supervision as it deems necessary for the proper supervision of the Fund's
investments. The Advisor continuously provides investment programs and determine
from time to time what securities shall be purchased, sold or exchanged and what
portion of the Fund's assets shall be held uninvested. The Advisor furnishes, at
its own expense, all services, facilities and personnel necessary in connection
with managing the investments and effecting portfolio transactions for the Fund.
The Advisory Agreement will continue in effect from year to year only if such
continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees
or by vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities and by a
majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Advisory Agreement or
interested persons of any such party, at a meeting called for the purpose of
voting on such Advisory Agreement.
Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is permitted to
render services to others. The Advisory Agreement is terminable without penalty
by the Trust on behalf of the Fund on not more than 60 days', nor less than 30
days', written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of the Fund's
shareholders or by a vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust,
or by the Advisor on not more than 60 days', nor less than 30 days', written
notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of its "assignment" (as
defined in the 1940 Act). The Advisory Agreement provides that the Advisor under
such agreement shall not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law
or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the
execution of portfolio transactions for the Fund, except for wilful misfeasance,
bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of
reckless disregard of its obligations and duties thereunder.
The Fund is responsible for its own operating expenses. The Advisor has
contractually agreed to reduce fees payable to it by the Fund and to pay Fund
operating expenses to the extent necessary to limit the Fund's aggregate annual
operating expenses (excluding interest and tax expenses) to the limit set forth
in the Expense Table (the "expense cap"). Any such reductions made by the
Advisor in its fees or payment of expenses which are the Fund's obligation are
subject to reimbursement by the Fund to the Advisor, if so requested by the
Advisor, in subsequent fiscal years if the aggregate amount actually paid by the
Fund toward the operating expenses for such fiscal year (taking into account the
reimbursement) does not exceed the applicable limitation on Fund expenses. The
Advisor is permitted to be reimbursed only for fee reductions and expense
payments made in the previous three fiscal years, but is permitted to look back
five years and four years, respectively, during the initial six years and
seventh year of the Fund's operations. Any such reimbursement is also contingent
upon Board of Trustees' subsequent review and ratification of the reimbursed
amounts. Such reimbursement may not be paid prior to the Fund's payment of
current ordinary operating expenses.
In consideration of the services provided by the Advisor pursuant to the
Advisory Agreement, the Advisor is entitled to receive from the Fund an
investment advisory fee computed daily and paid monthly based on a rate equal to
a percentage of the Fund's average daily net assets specified in the Prospectus.
However, the Advisor may voluntarily agree to waive a portion of the fees
payable to it on a month-to-month basis.
B-11
<PAGE>
ADMINISTRATOR
Pursuant to a separate Administration Agreement (the "Administration
Agreement"), Investment Company Administration, LLC is the administrator of the
Fund (the "Administrator"). The Administrator provides certain administrative
services to the Fund, including, among other responsibilities, coordinating the
negotiation of contracts and fees with, and the monitoring of performance and
billing of, the Fund's independent contractors and agents; preparation for
signature by an officer of the Trust of all documents required to be filed for
compliance by the Trust and the Fund with applicable laws and regulations
excluding those of the securities laws of various states; arranging for the
computation of performance data, including net asset value and yield; responding
to shareholder inquiries; and arranging for the maintenance of books and records
of the Fund, and providing, at its own expense, office facilities, equipment and
personnel necessary to carry out its duties. In this capacity, the Administrator
does not have any responsibility or authority for the management of the Fund,
the determination of investment policy, or for any matter pertaining to the
distribution of Fund shares.
Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator is permitted to render
administrative services to others. The Fund's Administration Agreement will
continue in effect from year to year only if such continuance is specifically
approved at least annually by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a
majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities and, in either case, by a
majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Administration Agreement or
"interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party. The
Administration Agreement is terminable without penalty by the Trust on behalf of
the Fund on 60 days' written notice when authorized either by a majority vote of
the Fund's shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees,
including a majority of the Trustees who are not "interested persons" (as
defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust, or by the Advisor on 60 days' written
notice, and will automatically terminate in the event of their "assignment" (as
defined in the 1940 Act). The Administration Agreement also provide that neither
the Administrator or its personnel shall be liable for any error of judgment or
mistake of law or for any act or omission in the administration of the Fund,
except for willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance
of its or their duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its or their
obligations and duties under the Administration Agreement.
In consideration of the services provided by the Administrator pursuant to the
Administration Agreement, the Administrator receives from the Fund a fee
computed daily and paid monthly at an annual rate equal to 0.10% of the Fund's
average daily net assets, on an annualized basis for the Fund's then-current
fiscal year.
For its services, the Administrator receives a fee monthly at the following
annual rate, subject to a $30,000 minimum:
Fund asset level Fee rate
- ---------------- --------
First $50 million 0.20% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.15% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million 0.10% of average daily net assets
Next $50 million, and thereafter 0.05% of average daily net assets
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
Th Trust has entered into a Distribution Agreement (the "Distribution
Agreement") with First Fund Distributors, Inc. (the "Distributor"), pursuant to
which the Distributor acts as the Fund's exclusive underwriter, provides certain
administration services and promotes and arranges for the sale of the Fund's
shares. The Distributor is an affiliate of the Administrator. The Distribution
Agreement provides that the Distributor will bear the expenses of printing,
distributing and filing prospectuses and statements of additional information
and reports used for sales purposes, and of preparing and printing sales
literature and advertisements not paid for by the Distribution Plan. The Trust
pays for all of the expenses for qualification of the Fund's shares for sale in
connection with the public offering of such shares, and all legal expenses in
connection therewith. In addition, pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, the
Distributor provides certain sub-administration services to the Trust, including
providing officers, clerical staff and office space.
B-12
<PAGE>
The Distribution Agreement will continue in effect with respect to the Fund only
if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by the Board of
Trustees or by vote of a majority of the Fund's outstanding voting securities
and, in either case, by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the
Distribution Agreement or "interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of
any such party. The Distribution Agreement is terminable without penalty by the
Trust on behalf of the Fund on 60 days' written notice when authorized either by
a majority vote of the Fund's shareholders or by vote of a majority of the Board
of Trustees of the Trust, including a majority of the Trustees who are not
"interested persons" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Trust, or by the
Distributor on 60 days' written notice, and will automatically terminate in the
event of its "assignment" (as defined in the 1940 Act). The Distribution
Agreement also provides that neither the Distributor nor its personnel shall be
liable for any act or omission in the course of, or connected with, rendering
services under the Distribution Agreement, except for willful misfeasance, bad
faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations or duties.
TAXATION
The Fund intends to continue to qualify and elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, (the "Code"), for each taxable year by complying with all applicable
requirements regarding the source of its income, the diversification of its
assets, and the timing of its distributions. The Fund's policy is to distribute
to its shareholders all of its investment company taxable income and any net
realized capital gains for each fiscal year in a manner that complies with the
distribution requirements of the Code, so that the Fund will not be subject to
any federal income or excise taxes based on net income. However, the Board may
elect to pay such excise taxes if it determines that payment is, under the
circumstances, in the best interests of the Fund.
In order to qualify as a regulated investment company, the Fund must,
among other things, (a) derive at least 90% of its gross income each year from
dividends, interest, payments with respect to loans of stock and securities,
gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign
currency gains related to investments in stock or securities, or other income
(generally including gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived
with respect to the business of investing in stock, securities or currency, and
(b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at
least 50% of the market value of its assets is represented by cash, cash items,
U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies
and other securities limited, for purposes of this calculation, in the case of
other securities of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the
Fund's assets or 10% of the voting securities of the issuer, and (ii) not more
than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities of any one
issuer (other than U.S. Government securities or securities of other regulated
investment companies). As such, and by complying with the applicable provisions
of the Code, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable
income (including realized capital gains) that is distributed to shareholders in
accordance with the timing requirements of the Code. If the Fund is unable to
meet certain requirements of the Code, it may be subject to taxation as a
corporation.
Distributions of net investment income and net realized capital gains
by the Fund will be taxable to shareholders whether made in cash or reinvested
by the Fund in shares. In determining amounts of net realized capital gains to
be distributed, any capital loss carry-overs from the eight prior taxable years
will be applied against capital gains. Shareholders receiving a distribution
from the Fund in the form of additional shares will have a cost basis for
federal income tax purposes in each share so received equal to the net asset
value of a share of the Fund on the reinvestment date. Fund distributions also
will be included in individual and corporate shareholders' income on which the
alternative minimum tax may be imposed.
The Fund or the securities dealer effecting a redemption of the Fund's
shares by a shareholder will be required to file information reports with the
Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") with respect to distributions and payments made
to the shareholder. In addition, the Fund will be required to withhold federal
income tax at the rate of 31% on taxable dividends, redemptions and other
payments made to accounts of individual or other non-exempt shareholders who
have not furnished their correct taxpayer identification numbers and certain
required certifications on the New Account application or with respect to which
the Fund or the securities dealer has been notified by the IRS that the number
furnished is incorrect or that the account is otherwise subject to withholding.
B-13
<PAGE>
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends and other distributions,
as stated in the prospectuses. In order to avoid the payment of any federal
excise tax based on net income, the Fund must declare on or before December 31
of each year, and pay on or before January 31 of the following year,
distributions at least equal to 98% of its ordinary income for that calendar
year and at least 98% of the excess of any capital gains over any capital losses
realized in the one-year period ending October 31 of that year, together with
any undistributed amounts of ordinary income and capital gains (in excess of
capital losses) from the previous calendar year.
The Fund may receive dividend distributions from U.S. corporations. To
the extent that the Fund receives such dividends and distributes them to its
shareholders, and meets certain other requirements of the Code, corporate
shareholders of the Fund may be entitled to the "dividends received" deduction.
Availability of the deduction is subject to certain holding period and
debt-financing limitations.
If more than 50% in value of the total assets of the Fund at the end of
its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of foreign corporations, the
Fund may elect to pass through to its shareholders the pro rata share of all
foreign income taxes paid by the Fund. If this election is made, shareholders
will be (i) required to include in their gross income their pro rata share of
the Fund's foreign source income (including any foreign income taxes paid by the
Fund), and (ii) entitled either to deduct their share of such foreign taxes in
computing their taxable income or to claim a credit for such taxes against their
U.S. income tax, subject to certain limitations under the Code, including
certain holding period requirements. In this case, shareholders will be informed
in writing by the Fund at the end of each calendar year regarding the
availability of any credits on and the amount of foreign source income
(including or excluding foreign income taxes paid by the Fund) to be included in
their income tax returns. If not more than 50% in value of the Fund's total
assets at the end of its fiscal year is invested in stock or securities of
foreign corporations, the Fund will not be entitled under the Code to pass
through to its shareholders their pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid by
the Fund. In this case, these taxes will be taken as a deduction by the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on dividends and
interest earned with respect to securities of foreign corporations.
The use of hedging strategies, such as entering into futures contracts
and forward contracts and purchasing options, involves complex rules that will
determine the character and timing of recognition of the income received in
connection therewith by the Fund. Income from foreign currencies (except certain
gains therefrom that may be excluded by future regulations) and income from
transactions in options, futures contracts and forward contracts derived by the
Fund with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign
currencies will qualify as permissible income under Subchapter M of the Code.
For accounting purposes, when the Fund purchases an option, the premium
paid by the Fund is recorded as an asset and is subsequently adjusted to the
current market value of the option. Any gain or loss realized by the Fund upon
the expiration or sale of such options held by the Fund generally will be
capital gain or loss.
Any security, option, or other position entered into or held by the
Fund that substantially diminishes the Fund's risk of loss from any other
position held by the Fund may constitute a "straddle" for federal income tax
purposes.
In
general, straddles are subject to certain rules that may affect the amount,
character and timing of the Fund's gains and losses with respect to straddle
positions by requiring, among other things, that the loss realized on
disposition of one position of a straddle be deferred until gain is realized on
disposition of the offsetting position; that the Fund's holding period in
certain straddle positions not begin until the straddle is terminated (possibly
resulting in the gain being treated as short-term capital gain rather than
long-term capital gain); and that losses recognized with respect to certain
straddle positions, which would otherwise constitute short-term capital losses,
be treated as long-term capital losses. Different elections are available to the
Fund that may mitigate the effects of the straddle rules.
Certain options, futures contracts and forward contracts that are
subject to Section 1256 of the Code ("Section 1256 Contracts") and that are held
by the Fund at the end of its taxable year generally will be required to be
"marked to market" for federal income tax purposes, that is, deemed to have been
sold at market value. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized on these
deemed sales and 60% of any net gain or loss realized from any actual sales of
Section 1256 Contracts will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss, and
the balance will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss.
B-14
<PAGE>
Section 988 of the Code contains special tax rules applicable to
certain foreign currency transactions that may affect the amount, timing and
character of income, gain or loss recognized by the Fund. Under these rules,
foreign exchange gain or loss realized with respect to foreign
currency-denominated debt instruments, foreign currency forward contracts,
foreign currency denominated payables and receivables and foreign currency
options and futures contracts (other than options and futures contracts that are
governed by the mark-to-market and 60/40 rules of Section 1256 of the Code and
for which no election is made) is treated as ordinary income or loss. Some part
of the Fund's gain or loss on the sale or other disposition of shares of a
foreign corporation may, because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
be treated as ordinary income or loss under Section 988 of the Code rather than
as capital gain or loss.
A shareholder who purchases shares of the Fund by tendering payment for
the shares in the form of other securities may be required to recognize gain or
loss for income tax purposes on the difference, if any, between the adjusted
basis of the securities tendered to the fund and the purchase price of the
Fund's shares acquired by the shareholder.
Section 475 of the Code requires that a "dealer" in securities must
generally "mark to market" at the end of its taxable year all securities which
it owns. The resulting gain or loss is treated as ordinary (and not capital)
gain or loss, except to the extent allocable to periods during which the dealer
held the security for investment. The "mark to market" rules do not apply,
however, to a security held for investment which is clearly identified in the
dealer's records as being held for investment before the end of the day in which
the security was acquired. The IRS has issued guidance under Section 475 that
provides that, for example, a bank that regularly originates and sells loans is
a dealer in securities, and subject to the "mark to market" rules. Shares of the
Fund held by a dealer in securities will be subject to the "mark to market"
rules unless they are held by the dealer for investment and the dealer property
identifies the shares as held for investment.
Redemptions and exchanges of shares of the Fund will result in gains or
losses for tax purposes to the extent of the difference between the proceeds and
the shareholder's adjusted tax basis for the shares. Any loss realized upon the
redemption or exchange of shares within six months from their date of purchase
will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions of
long-term capital gain dividends during such six-month period. All or a portion
of a loss realized upon the redemption of shares may be disallowed to the extent
shares are purchased (including shares acquired by means of reinvested
dividends) within 30 days before or after such redemption.
Distributions and redemptions may be subject to state and local income
taxes, and the treatment thereof may differ from the federal income tax
treatment. Foreign taxes may apply to non-U.S. investors.
The above discussion and the related discussion in the prospectuses are
not intended to be complete discussions of all applicable federal tax
consequences of an investment in the Fund. The law firm of Paul, Hastings,
Janofsky & Walker LLP has expressed no opinion in respect thereof. Nonresident
aliens and foreign persons are subject to different tax rules, and may be
subject to withholding of up to 30% on certain payments received from the Fund.
Shareholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisers concerning the
application of foreign, federal, state and local taxes to an investment in the
Fund.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund will receive income in the form of dividends and interest
earned on its investments in securities. This income, less the expenses incurred
in its operations, is the Fund's net investment income, substantially all of
which will be declared as dividends to the Fund's shareholders.
The amount of income dividend payments by the Fund is dependent upon
the amount of net investment income received by the Fund from its portfolio
holdings, is not guaranteed and is subject to the discretion of the Board. The
Fund does not pay "interest" or guarantee any fixed rate of return on an
investment in its shares.
B-15
<PAGE>
The Fund also may derive capital gains or losses in connection with
sales or other dispositions of its portfolio securities. Any net gain the Fund
may realize from transactions involving investments held less than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
short-term capital gains and losses (taking into account any carryover of
capital losses from the eight previous taxable years), although a distribution
from capital gains, will be distributed to shareholders with and as a part of
dividends giving rise to ordinary income. If during any year the Fund realizes a
net gain on transactions involving investments held more than the period
required for long-term capital gain or loss recognition or otherwise producing
long-term capital gains and losses, the Fund will have a net long-term capital
gain. After deduction of the amount of any net short-term capital loss, the
balance (to the extent not offset by any capital losses carried over from the
eight previous taxable years) will be distributed and treated as long-term
capital gains in the hands of the shareholders regardless of the length of time
the Fund's shares may have been held by the shareholders. For more information
concerning applicable capital gains tax rates, see your tax advisor.
Any dividend or distribution paid by the Fund reduces the Fund's net
asset value per share on the date paid by the amount of the dividend or
distribution per share. Accordingly, a dividend or distribution paid shortly
after a purchase of shares by a shareholder would represent, in substance, a
partial return of capital (to the extent it is paid on the shares so purchased),
even though it would be subject to income taxes.
Dividends and other distributions will be made in the form of
additional shares of the Fund unless the shareholder has otherwise indicated.
Investors have the right to change their elections with respect to the
reinvestment of dividends and distributions by notifying the Transfer Agent in
writing, but any such change will be effective only as to dividends and other
distributions for which the record date is seven or more business days after
the Transfer Agent has received the written request.
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
From time to time, the Fund may state its total return in advertisements and
investor communications. Total return may be stated for any relevant period as
specified in the advertisement or communication. Any statements of total return
will be accompanied by information on the Fund's average annual compounded rate
of return over the most recent four calendar quarters and the period from the
Fund's inception of operations. The Fund may also advertise aggregate and
average total return information over different periods of time.
The Fund's total return may be compared to relevant indices, including Standard
& Poor's 500 Composite Stock Index and indices published by Lipper Analytical
Services, Inc. From time to time, evaluations of the Fund's performance by
independent sources may also be used in advertisements and in information
furnished to present or prospective
investors in the Fund.
Investors should note that the investment results of the Fund will fluctuate
over time, and any presentation of the Fund's total return for any period should
not be considered as a representation of what an investment may earn or what an
investor's total return may be in any future period.
The Fund's average annual compounded rate of return is determined by reference
to a hypothetical $1,000 investment that includes capital appreciation and
depreciation for the stated period, according to the following formula:
n
P(1+T) = ERV
Where: P = a hypothetical initial purchase order of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of the hypothetical $1,000 purchase at the
end of the period
B-16
<PAGE>
Aggregate total return is calculated in a similar manner, except that the
results are not annualized.
GENERAL INFORMATION
Advisors Series Trust is an open-end management investment company organized as
a Delaware business trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on October 3,
1996. The Trust currently consists of 17 effective series of shares of
beneficial interest, par value of $0.01 per share.
The shares of each series or class participate equally in the earnings,
dividends and assets of the particular series or class. Expenses of the Trust
which are not attributable to a specific series or class are allocated amount
all the series in a manner believed by management of the Trust to be fair and
equitable. Shares have no pre-emptive or conversion rights. Shares when issued
are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below. Shareholders are
entitled to one vote for each share held. Shares of each series or class
generally vote together, except when required under federal securities laws to
vote separately on matters that only affect a particular class, such as the
approval of distribution plans for a particular class.
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders but will hold
special meetings of shareholders of a series or class when, in the judgment of
the Trustees, it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder
vote. Shareholders have, under certain circumstances, the right to communicate
with other shareholders in connection with requesting a meeting of shareholders
for the purpose of removing one or more Trustees. Shareholders also have, in
certain circumstances, the right to remove one or more Trustees without a
meeting. No material amendment may be made to the Trust's Declaration of Trust
without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding
shares of each portfolio affected by the amendment. The Trust's Declaration of
Trust provides that, at any meeting of shareholders of the Trust or of any
series or class, a Shareholder Servicing Agent may vote any shares as to which
such Shareholder Servicing Agent is the agent of record and which are not
represented in person or by proxy at the meeting, proportionately in accordance
with the votes cast by holders of all shares of that portfolio otherwise
represented at the meeting in person or by proxy as to which such Shareholder
Servicing Agent is the agent of record. Any shares so voted by a Shareholder
Servicing Agent will be deemed represented at the meeting for purposes of quorum
requirements. Shares have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares, when
issued, are fully paid and non-assessable, except as set forth below. Any series
or class may be terminated (i) upon the merger or consolidation with, or the
sale or disposition of all or substantially all of its assets to, another
entity, if approved by the vote of the holders of two-thirds of its outstanding
shares, except that if the Board of Trustees recommends such merger,
consolidation or sale or disposition of assets, the approval by vote of the
holders of a majority of the series' or class' outstanding shares will be
sufficient, or (ii) by the vote of the holders of a majority of its outstanding
shares, or (iii) by the Board of Trustees by written notice to the series' or
class' shareholders. Unless each series and class is so terminated, the Trust
will continue indefinitely.
The Fund intends to pay cash (U.S. dollars) for all shares redeemed, but, under
abnormal conditions that make payment in cash unwise, the Fund may make payment
partly in its portfolio securities with a current amortized cost or market
value, as appropriate, equal to the redemption price. Although the Fund does not
anticipate that it will make any part of a redemption payment in securities, if
such payment were made, an investor may incur brokerage costs in converting such
securities to cash. The Trust has elected to be governed by the provisions of
Rule 18f-1 under the Investment Company Act, which require that the Fund pay in
cash all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record limited in amount,
however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value
of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of such period.
The Trust's Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust shall maintain
appropriate insurance (for example, fidelity bonding and errors and omissions
insurance) for the protection of the Trust, its shareholders, Trustees,
officers, employees and agents covering possible tort and other liabilities.
Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of
shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which both inadequate
insurance existed and the Trust itself was unable to meet its obligations.
B-17
<PAGE>
APPENDIX
COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.
PRIME-1--Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated "Prime-1"
have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations.
"Prime-1" repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following
characteristics: leading market positions in well-established industries, high
rates of return on funds employed, conservative capitalization structures with
moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection, broad margins in earnings
coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation, and
well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of
alternate liquidity.
PRIME-2--Issuers (or related supporting institutions) rated "Prime-2"
have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This
will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a
lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, will be more
subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate,
may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternative liquidity is
maintained.
STANDARD & POOR'S RATINGS GROUP
A-1--This highest category indicates that the degree of safety
regarding timely payment is strong. Those issues determined to possess extremely
strong safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign designation.
A-2--Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is
satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for
issues designated "A-1".
B-18
