<PAGE>
P_R_O_S_P_E_C_T_U_S
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1)
Registration Number 333-93069
10,000,000 SHARES
[LOGO]
COMMON STOCK
--------------
This is UTStarcom, Inc.'s initial public offering. The U.S. underwriters
are offering 8,000,000 shares in the U.S. and internationally, excluding Japan.
The Japanese underwriters are offering 2,000,000 shares in Japan. Merrill Lynch
& Co. acted as global coordinator and sole book-running manager for the
offering.
Prior to this offering, no public market existed for the shares. The
shares have been approved for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "UTSI." We are including the shares sold outside of the United States in
the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part to cover their
potential flowback into the United States as the Nasdaq National Market is
expected to be the only active trading market for the shares.
INVESTING IN THE COMMON STOCK INVOLVES RISKS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE
"RISK FACTORS" SECTION BEGINNING ON PAGE 5 OF THIS PROSPECTUS.
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<CAPTION>
PER SHARE TOTAL
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<S> <C> <C>
Public offering price....................................... $18.00 $180,000,000
Underwriting discount....................................... $1.26 $12,600,000
Proceeds, before expenses, to UTStarcom, Inc. .............. $16.74 $167,400,000
</TABLE>
The U.S. underwriters may also purchase up to an additional 1,500,000
shares from UTStarcom at the public offering price, less the underwriting
discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus to cover
over-allotments.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this
prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
The shares will be ready for delivery on or about March 8, 2000.
------------------
GLOBAL MANAGERS EXCLUDING JAPAN
MERRILL LYNCH & CO.
BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC
U.S. BANCORP PIPER JAFFRAY
------------
JAPANESE MANAGERS
MERRILL LYNCH JAPAN INCORPORATED E*TRADE SECURITIES CO., LTD.
--------------
The date of this prospectus is March 2, 2000.
<PAGE>
[INSIDE FRONT COVER PAGE]
PHOTOGRAPHS, DESCRIPTIONS AND CAPTIONS
1. Top left: Caption: UTStarcom product line.
2. Top: Color photos of AN-2000 access node and OMUX optical multiplexor.
Caption: AN-2000 / OMUX. Our AN-2000 system and OMUX product allow service
providers to offer voice and high speed broadband data services over wireline
networks.
3. Middle: Color photos of radio port controller, indoor radio port,
outdoor radio port, remote subscriber terminal and handset.
Caption: Airstar City-Wide Wireless Mobile Phone System. Our Airstar
Personal Access System allows service providers that operate wireless networks
to provide cost-effective voice and data services for several hundred thousand
subscribers.
4. Bottom: Color photo of WACOS IP-based switching system.
Caption: WACOS IP-Based Multi-Service Switching System. Our WACOS system
provides IP-based switching services in multiple networks.
[INSIDE GATE-FOLD OF FRONT COVER PAGE]
IMAGES, DIAGRAM, DIAGRAM DESCRIPTIONS AND CAPTIONS.
1. Top left: UTStarcom logo.
2. Top caption: COMMUNICATIONS ACCESS NETWORK SOLUTIONS
3. Center: Diagram of a linked communications network depicting our
AN-2000, Airstar and WACOS systems.
4. Center left: Diagram of an AN-2000 deployment. Traditional voice service
connects to a central office switch over a standard digital interface. The
central office switch connects to a remotely located AN-2000 central office
terminal over a standard digital interface. Internet services connect to a data
switch, which connects to the same central office terminal over a standard
digital interface. The central office terminal connects to two AN-2000 remote
terminals. The connections are made through a high performance robust digital
transmission technology, known as SDH. A computer using our Netman software is
connected to the central office terminal and the remote terminals. The remote
terminals connect to subscribers to provide wireline telephone service, leased
line, ISDN and xDSL.
5. Center middle: Diagram of an Airstar deployment. Traditional voice
service connects to a central office switch over a standard digital interface.
Internet service connects to a data switch over a standard digital interface.
The central office and data switches each connect to two separate Airstar remote
terminals over a standard digital interface. An Airstar air traffic controller
connects to each of the Airstar remote terminals. A computer using our Netman
software is connected to an Airstar air traffic controller and the Airstar
remote terminals. The Airstar remote terminals connect to radio port controllers
over a standard digital interface. The radio port controllers provide wireless
city-wide mobile phone, wireless local loop and mobile data services.
6. Center right: Diagram of a WACOS deployment. A private backbone
connected to Internet service is connected to the local access network through a
backbone/Internet gateway. A wireless gateway and a V5/PSTN gateway are located
on the access network. The gateways connect with the Airstar and AN-2000
systems. The gateways also allow for large-scale wireless mobile phone service,
voice over IP and broadband access. An operational support system provides
customer care, billing and management capabilities.
<PAGE>
[INSIDE BACK COVER PAGE]
IMAGES, A MAP AND CAPTIONS
1. Top left: UTStarcom Logo
Caption: China Installations and Offices
2. Center: Map of Asia. Red flags depict the location of UTStarcom offices.
Green flags depict the location of UTStarcom installations. Colored shading on
the map depicts estimated telecommunications service provider revenues.
3. Bottom left: Small map of the United States. Red flags depict UTStarcom
offices.
Caption: United States of America Offices
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PAGE
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Prospectus Summary.......................................... 1
Risk Factors................................................ 5
Forward-Looking Statements.................................. 22
Use of Proceeds............................................. 23
Dividend Policy............................................. 23
Capitalization.............................................. 24
Dilution.................................................... 25
Selected Consolidated Financial Data........................ 26
Selected Pro Forma Combined Financial Data.................. 27
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations................................. 28
Business.................................................... 40
Management.................................................. 57
Related Party Transactions.................................. 66
Principal Stockholders...................................... 69
Description of Capital Stock................................ 72
Shares Eligible for Future Sale............................. 75
Underwriting................................................ 77
Legal Matters............................................... 81
Experts..................................................... 81
Where You Can Find Additional Information................... 81
Index to Financial Statements and Financial Information..... F-1
</TABLE>
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus.
Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized any person to provide you with
different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent
information, you should not rely on it. Information contained on our Web site is
not part of this prospectus. We and the underwriters are not making an offer to
sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus
is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only. Our
business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have
changed since that date. We will update any material changes to the information
in this prospectus in accordance with the rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission.
UTStarcom is registered as a trademark in the United States. UTStarcom,
Airstar and WLL are registered as trademarks in China. This prospectus also
includes product names, trade names and trademarks of other companies. All other
product names, trade names and trademarks appearing in this prospectus are the
property of their respective holders.
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
THIS SUMMARY HIGHLIGHTS SELECTED INFORMATION CONTAINED ELSEWHERE IN THIS
PROSPECTUS. YOU SHOULD READ THE ENTIRE PROSPECTUS CAREFULLY, INCLUDING "RISK
FACTORS" AND THE FINANCIAL DATA AND RELATED NOTES, BEFORE MAKING AN INVESTMENT
DECISION.
UTSTARCOM, INC.
We provide communications equipment for service providers that operate
wireless and wireline networks in rapidly growing communications markets. To
date, substantially all of our sales have been to service providers in China.
Our integrated suite of network access systems, optical transmission products
and subscriber terminal products allows service providers to offer efficient and
expandable voice, data and Internet access services. Because our systems are
based on widely adopted international communications standards, service
providers can easily integrate our systems into their existing networks and
deploy our systems in new broadband, Internet Protocol and wireless network
rollouts. Internet Protocol, or IP, refers to a set of rules developed for
communicating information over the Internet. Systems that communicate using
Internet Protocol are known as IP-based systems.
China has one of the fastest growing communications markets in the world.
Growth in China's communications equipment and services markets is being driven
by the government's commitment to developing a communications infrastructure,
pent-up demand for communications services and robust economic growth. According
to 1998 statistics from the International Telecommunication Union, China has
only 7.0 phone lines per 100 people. In comparison, the United States has
approximately 66.1 phone lines per 100 people. China's low telephone penetration
rate combined with its population of 1.3 billion presents a significant market
opportunity for providers of voice and data communications services and
equipment. Furthermore, the number of Internet subscribers within China is
expected to dramatically increase, resulting in further infrastructure
development for data services and increased demand for communications equipment
capable of providing these services.
Service providers in China often require network solutions with a suite of
integrated products that address all of their access needs, including wireline
and wireless, voice and data. These comprehensive product offerings enable
service providers to quickly, and with minimal incremental investment, address
the changing communications demands of their subscribers. In addition, given the
rapid growth in China's emerging communications market, network solutions must
be efficient and expandable so that the same architecture can provide an
affordable entry level solution for hundreds of subscribers yet economically
extend to hundreds of thousands of subscribers. Additionally, service providers
in China often require vendors to continually develop products to meet evolving
market needs and to have an extensive local service, support and manufacturing
presence. Our wireless and wireline access and switching systems are designed to
deliver the following key benefits to service providers:
INTEGRATED, COMPREHENSIVE PRODUCT OFFERING. By offering communications
systems that link the backbone network, which is a communications network
linking access points, the access network and the subscribers' premises, we
supply service providers with solutions that enable them to quickly deploy
services to subscribers. Furthermore, as subscriber needs evolve from voice to
data, we offer solutions to meet these needs.
FLEXIBILITY FOR VOICE AND DATA SERVICES. We have designed our systems to
offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of the number of subscribers and
types of traffic delivered to those subscribers. This flexibility is
particularly important in China as the communications services market is
undergoing rapid change and growth. Our access systems allow service providers
to quickly and cost-effectively implement upgrades for new services, including
high-speed data services, compared to alternative solutions which may require
the purchase of an entirely new system to provide these services.
LEADING PRICE AND PERFORMANCE SOLUTION. We have designed our systems so
that service providers in developing markets such as China can quickly deploy
multiple services in a cost-effective manner. Our
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systems are engineered to allow service providers to purchase only the
functionality and capacity needed and to purchase additional functionality and
capacity over time as subscriber demand warrants. Furthermore, as demand for
communications services in China grows, our expandable systems will allow
service providers to expand from a small initial subscriber base to hundreds of
thousands of subscribers in a cost-effective and efficient manner.
ARCHITECTURE BASED ON WIDELY-ADOPTED INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS
STANDARDS. We have designed our systems to comply with widely-adopted
international communication standards for multi-vendor interoperability. Our
systems incorporate interfaces that allow service providers to connect our
products to equipment from multiple vendors and thus integrate multiple voice
and data services within one system. Our compliance with these standards lowers
costs by permitting service providers to shorten evaluation times and eases
integration of our products with other systems in the service providers'
networks.
LOCAL PRESENCE. We have established a strong local presence in China that
allows us to be responsive to the needs of service providers and their
subscribers. We manufacture the majority of our products at two facilities
located in the cities of Huizhou in Guangdong province and Hangzhou in Zhejiang
province that are owned by joint ventures between us and the affiliates of
corresponding provincial Posts and Telecommunications Administrations. By using
local facilities in China, we have helped create new jobs within the provinces
and have strengthened our relationships with the Posts and Telecommunications
Administrations in some of China's most modernized and rapidly growing
provinces. We also maintain nine sales and customer support sites in China that
allow us to deploy a customer support representative anywhere in China within
24 hours. Additionally, we have developed relationships at the national,
provincial and local levels which provide us with a continuous flow of
information on market changes and insight into unique service provider needs and
related opportunities.
Our objective is to be a leading provider of broadband, Internet Protocol,
or IP, and wireless network equipment to high growth communications markets. The
principal elements of our strategy are as follows:
- leverage our installed base of wireless and wireline access systems as
demand for broadband and high-speed data services grows in China;
- continue to develop products and technologies for market-driven solutions
and penetrate the emerging IP-based switching market;
- further capitalize on China's low penetration rate and increasing demand
for communications services by increasing our sales, support and
development staff and delivering new products and technologies; and
- leverage our success in China to address other high-growth markets.
Service providers have installed over 900,000 lines of our Airstar wireless
access system, which we believe is the most widely deployed wireless local
access system in China. Over 1.2 million lines of our wireline AN-2000 access
system have been deployed in China, including installations in the six largest
regional communications markets. Our OMUX product provides optical transmission
and is often bundled with our Airstar and AN-2000 systems. The OMUX is currently
installed as a stand-alone or bundled product at over 5,000 locations for over
200 communications service providers. Our newest product, WACOS, is targeted at
the emerging broadband, IP-based switching and wireless markets.
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We incorporated in Delaware as Unitech Industries Inc. in 1991. In 1994, we
changed our name to Unitech Telecom, Inc. In 1995, we acquired StarCom Network
Systems, Inc. and changed our name to UTStarcom, Inc. Our principal executive
offices are located at 1275 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, California, and our
telephone number is (510) 864-8800.
THE OFFERING
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<S> <C>
Common stock offered by UTStarcom....... 10,000,000 shares
Shares outstanding after the offering... 89,307,159 shares
Use of proceeds......................... We intend to use the proceeds from this offering for
general corporate purposes, including research and
development, expansion of our sales and marketing
organization and working capital. We may also use a
portion of the proceeds from this offering to acquire
or invest in complementary businesses, technologies
or products.
Nasdaq National Market symbol........... UTSI
</TABLE>
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The number of shares that will be outstanding after the offering is based on
the number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 1999 and excludes:
- 16,831,090 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under our stock
option plans, under which options to purchase 14,405,714 shares were
outstanding and 172,243 shares were available for grant as of
December 31, 1999; and
- 532,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of
warrants outstanding as of December 31, 1999 at a weighted average
exercise price of $6.025 per share.
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SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
The summary financial data below should be read together with "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and
the consolidated financial statements, the unaudited pro forma combined
financial information and the related notes included elsewhere in this
prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
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(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................................... $ 10,006 $ 35,542 $ 75,597 $105,167 $187,516
Gross profit................................................ 5,717 13,220 26,802 41,025 74,825
Operating income (loss)..................................... (8,979) 1,237 (3,390) 3,013 16,719
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders......... (9,841) (310) 30 (300) (18,514)
Earnings (loss) per share(1):
Basic..................................................... $ (2.40) $ (0.04) $ 0.00 $ (0.04) $ (2.13)
Diluted................................................... $ (2.40) $ (0.04) $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ (2.13)
Shares used in per share calculations(1):
Basic..................................................... 4,108 8,344 7,320 7,582 8,678
Diluted................................................... 4,108 8,344 7,320 77,050 8,678
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA FOR THE
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1999(4)
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COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................................... $187,516
Gross profit................................................ 74,825
Operating income............................................ 16,103
Loss from continuing operations applicable to common
stockholders.............................................. (17,474)
Pro forma earnings (loss) per share:
Basic..................................................... $ (0.24)
Diluted................................................... $ (0.24)
Shares used in pro forma per share calculations:
Basic..................................................... 72,947
Diluted................................................... 72,947
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1999
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ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED(2)
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(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents(3)................................ $ 87,364 $251,884
Working capital............................................. 126,637 291,157
Total assets................................................ 271,788 436,308
Total short-term debt....................................... 43,338 43,338
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 165,720 330,240
</TABLE>
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(1) Based on the number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 1999. Excludes
(i) 16,831,090 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under our
stock option plans, under which options to purchase 14,405,714 shares were
outstanding as of December 31, 1999 with a weighted average exercise price
of $3.25 per share and 172,243 shares were available for grant and
(ii) 532,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise
of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 1999 with a weighted average
exercise price of $6.025 per share.
(2) Adjusted to reflect the receipt of the estimated net proceeds from the sale
of 10,000,000 shares of common stock offered by this prospectus at the
initial public offering price of $18.00 per share, after deducting the
estimated underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses.
(3) Includes restricted cash of $4,550,000 as of December 31, 1999.
(4) The pro forma combined statement of operations data presents our results of
operations as if our acquisition of Wacos had occurred as of January 1, 1999
and the assumed conversion of all our outstanding preferred stock into
shares of common stock that will be effective upon the closing of our
initial public offering as if such conversion had occurred on January 1,
1999 or at the date of issuance. The pro forma information is not
necessarily indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition been
made as of such period, nor is it indicative of future results of
operations. Non-recurring charges related to in-process research and
development are not included within the pro forma statement of operations.
4
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RISK FACTORS
YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE RISKS DESCRIBED BELOW BEFORE MAKING A
DECISION TO BUY OUR COMMON STOCK. THE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES DESCRIBED BELOW
ARE NOT THE ONLY ONES FACING OUR COMPANY. ADDITIONAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES NOT
PRESENTLY KNOWN TO US OR THAT WE CURRENTLY DEEM IMMATERIAL ALSO COULD HARM OUR
BUSINESS. IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING RISKS ACTUALLY OCCUR, OUR BUSINESS COULD BE
HARMED, THE TRADING PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK COULD DECLINE AND YOU MAY LOSE ALL
OR PART OF YOUR INVESTMENT. YOU SHOULD ALSO REFER TO THE OTHER INFORMATION
CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS, INCLUDING THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RELATED
NOTES.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR COMPANY
OUR FUTURE SALES ARE UNPREDICTABLE, OUR OPERATING RESULTS ARE LIKELY TO
FLUCTUATE FROM QUARTER TO QUARTER, AND IF WE FAIL TO MEET THE EXPECTATIONS OF
SECURITIES ANALYSTS OR INVESTORS, OUR STOCK PRICE COULD DECLINE SIGNIFICANTLY
Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated in the past and
are likely to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, some of which
are outside of our control. As a result, period to period comparisons of our
operating results are not necessarily meaningful or indicative of future
performance. Furthermore, it is likely that in some future quarters our
operating results will fall below the expectations of securities analysts or
investors. If this occurs, the trading price of our common stock could decline.
Factors that may affect our future operating results include:
- the timing, number and size of orders for our products, as well as the
relative mix of orders for each of our products, particularly the volume
of lower margin telephone handsets;
- the evolving and unpredictable nature of the economic, regulatory and
political environments in China and other countries in which we market or
plan to market our products;
- aggressive price reductions by our competitors;
- currency fluctuations;
- market acceptance of our products and product enhancements;
- the lengthy and unpredictable sales cycles associated with sales of our
products combined with the impact of this variability on our suppliers'
ability to provide us with components on a timely basis; and
- longer collection periods of accounts receivable in China and other
countries.
The limited performance history of some of our products, our limited
forecasting experience and processes and the emerging nature of our target
markets make forecasting our future sales and operating results difficult. Our
expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future sales,
and these expenses are largely fixed, particularly in the short term. In
addition, to enable us to promptly fill orders, we maintain inventories of
finished goods, components and raw materials. As a result, we commit to
considerable costs in advance of anticipated sales. In the past, a substantial
portion of our sales in each quarter resulted from orders received and shipped
in that quarter, and we have operated with a limited backlog of unfilled orders.
Accordingly, we may not be able to reduce our costs in a timely manner to
compensate for any unexpected shortfall between forecasted and actual sales. Any
significant shortfall of sales may require us to maintain higher levels of
inventories of finished goods, components and raw materials than we require,
thereby increasing our risk of inventory obsolescence and corresponding
inventory write-downs and write-offs. Although we have reserved against
inventory obsolescence, we cannot guarantee that these reserves will be adequate
to offset all write-downs or write-offs.
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES AND AN ACCUMULATED DEFICIT
As of December 31, 1999, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately
$34.8 million. We anticipate continuing to incur significant sales and
marketing, research and development and general
5
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and administrative expenses and, as a result, we will need to generate higher
revenues to sustain profitability. Numerous factors could negatively impact our
results of operations, including a decrease in sales, price pressures and a
fixed cost structure which could limit our ability to respond to declining
revenues. Although our sales have grown in recent quarters, our past results
should not be relied on as indications of our future performance. We cannot
assure you that we will be able to remain profitable in future periods.
COMPETITION IN OUR MARKETS MAY LEAD TO REDUCED PRICES, REVENUES AND MARKET SHARE
We face intense competition in our target markets and expect competition to
increase. Increased competition in our target markets may result in price
reductions, reduced gross profit as a percentage of net sales and loss of market
share. Our principal competitors for our different product lines include the
following:
- AIRSTAR SYSTEM: Alcatel Alsthom CGE, S.A.; Ericsson LM Telephone Co.;
Huawei Technology Co., Ltd.; Lucent Technologies, Inc.; Motorola, Inc.;
NEC Corporation; Siemens AG; and Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment.
- AN-2000 AND OMUX: Advanced Fibre Communications, Inc.; Alcatel; Bosch
Telecom GmbH; ECI Telecom Ltd.; Ericsson; Fujitsu Limited; Huawei; Lucent;
NEC; Nokia Corporation; Shanghai Bell Alcatel Mobile Communication;
Siemens; and Zhongxing.
- WACOS SYSTEM: Alcatel; Cisco Systems, Inc.; Clarent Corporation; Ericsson;
Huawei; Lucent; Motorola; Nokia; Nortel Networks Corporation; Nuera
Communications, Inc.; Siemens; Tachion Networks, Inc.; and Vienna Systems
Corp.
We are increasingly facing competition from domestic companies in China and
believe that our strongest competition in the future may come from these
companies, many of which operate under lower cost structures and more favorable
governmental policies and with much larger sales forces than we do. Furthermore,
other companies not presently offering competing products may also enter our
target markets. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial,
technical, product development, sales, marketing and other resources than we do.
Additionally, some competitors may be able to offer significant financing
arrangements to service providers, in some cases facilitated by favorable
government policies. Moreover, current and potential competitors have
established or may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with
third parties, including our current customers, to increase their ability to
produce products that address the needs of service providers in our target
markets.
THE SUCCESS OF OUR BUSINESS DEPENDS ON A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER OF LARGE SYSTEM
DEPLOYMENTS, AND ANY CANCELLATION, REDUCTION OR DELAY IN THESE DEPLOYMENTS COULD
HARM OUR BUSINESS
Our business is characterized by large system deployments for a relatively
small number of service providers. In the twelve months ended December 31, 1999,
two customers accounted for 30% and 11%, respectively, of our net sales. Our
dependence on large system deployments makes our ability to provide systems in a
timely and cost-effective manner critically important to our business. We have
in the past experienced delays and encountered other difficulties in the
installation and implementation of our systems. Various factors could cause
future delays, including technical problems and the shortage of qualified
technicians. Any delays or difficulties in deploying our systems, or the
cancellation of any orders by service providers, could significantly harm our
business.
WE DO NOT HAVE SOME OF THE LICENSES WE REQUIRE TO SELL OUR NETWORK ACCESS
PRODUCTS IN CHINA
Beginning January 1, 1999, China's government required that all
telecommunications equipment connected to public or private telecommunications
networks within China be approved by the Ministry of Information Industry and
the manufacturer of the equipment obtain a network access license for each of
its products. Sellers are prohibited from selling or advertising for sale
equipment for which its manufacturer has not obtained a network access license
and may be liable for penalties in an amount
6
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up to three times earnings from the sale of any equipment sold beginning January
1, 1999 without a license. In addition, any unlicensed equipment may be required
to be removed from the network. Failure to obtain the required licenses could
require us to remove previously installed equipment and would prohibit us from
making further sales of the unlicensed products in China, which would
substantially harm our business.
The regulations implementing these requirements are not very detailed, have
not been applied by a court and may be interpreted and enforced by regulatory
authorities in a number of different ways. Accordingly, we have obtained an
opinion from our counsel in China as to which licenses we are required to
obtain. Based upon this counsel's advice, we believe that we have obtained the
required network access licenses for our AN-2000 system and bundled OMUX
product. We have applied for a network access license for our Airstar system.
The evaluation group for access networks under the Ministry of Information
Industry has recommended that the Ministry of Information Industry issue a
license for our Airstar system. However, we do not yet have this network access
license and we cannot provide any assurance that a license will be issued for
our Airstar system. We have also applied for network access licenses for our
stand-alone OMUX product and for other products which we are no longer
manufacturing but had previously sold to service providers in China. Network
access licenses will be required for any additional products that we may develop
for sale in China, including our WACOS system. Based upon verbal inquiries made
by our counsel in China to the Ministry of Information Industry, we believe that
for products which we sold before January 1, 1999, such as the Airstar system,
no penalties will be imposed by the Ministry of Information Industry for sales
we have made or will make during the period an application is pending. However,
our counsel in China has advised us that China's governmental authorities may
interpret or apply the regulations with respect to which licenses are required
and the ability to sell a product while an application for the product license
is pending differently, either of which could have a material adverse effect on
our business and financial condition.
OUR BUSINESS MAY SUFFER IF WE ARE UNABLE TO COLLECT PAYMENTS FROM OUR CUSTOMERS
ON A TIMELY BASIS
Our customers often must make a significant commitment of capital to
purchase our products. As a result, any downturn in a customer's business that
affected the customer's ability to pay us could harm our financial condition.
Moreover, accounts receivable collection cycles historically tend to be much
longer in China than in other markets. The failure of any of our customers to
make timely payments could require us to write-off accounts receivable or
increase our accounts receivable reserves, either of which could adversely
affect our financial condition.
A DECLINE IN BUSINESS ACTIVITY DURING CHINA'S LUNAR NEW YEAR MAY RESULT IN
DECREASED SALES DURING OUR FIRST QUARTER
Business activity in China declines considerably during the first quarter of
each year in observance of the Lunar New Year. As a result, sales during the
first quarter of our fiscal year have in the past typically been lower than
sales during the fourth quarter of the preceding year and we expect this trend
to continue in the future. We will continue to face this seasonality in the
future and do not have the ability to forecast with any degree of certainty the
impact of the decreased business activity during the Lunar New Year on our sales
and operating results.
OUR MARKET IS SUBJECT TO RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, AND TO COMPETE EFFECTIVELY,
WE MUST CONTINUALLY INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS THAT ACHIEVE MARKET ACCEPTANCE
The emerging market for communications equipment in developing countries is
characterized by rapid technological developments, frequent new product
introductions and evolving industry and regulatory standards. Our success will
depend in large part on our ability to enhance our network access and switching
technologies and develop and introduce new products and product enhancements
that anticipate changing service provider requirements and technological
developments. We may need to make substantial capital expenditures and incur
significant research and development costs to develop and introduce new products
and enhancements. If we fail to timely develop and introduce new
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products or enhancements to existing products that effectively respond to
technological change, our business, financial condition and results of
operations could be materially adversely affected.
From time to time, we or our competitors may announce new products or
product enhancements, services or technologies that have the potential to
replace or shorten the life cycles of our products and that may cause customers
to defer purchasing our existing products, resulting in inventory obsolescence.
Future technological advances in the communications industry may diminish or
inhibit market acceptance of our existing or future products or render our
products obsolete.
Even if we are able to develop and introduce new products, we cannot assure
you that they will gain market acceptance. Market acceptance of our products
will depend on various factors including:
- our ability to obtain necessary approvals from regulatory organizations;
- the perceived advantages of the new products over competing products;
- our ability to attract customers who have existing relationships with our
competitors;
- product cost relative to performance; and
- the level of customer service available to support new products.
Specifically, sales of our AN-2000 system outside of China depend, in part,
on the adoption of the V5.2 standard in these markets. Additionally, sales of
our Personal Access System, or PAS, the mobile component of our Airstar wireless
system, will depend in part upon consumer acceptance of the mobility limitations
of this service. The introduction of inexpensive wireless telephone service or
other competitive services in China may have a material adverse effect on sales
of our Airstar systems in China. If our existing or new products fail to achieve
market acceptance for any reason, our business could be seriously harmed.
OUR BUSINESS WILL SUFFER IF WE ARE UNABLE TO DELIVER QUALITY PRODUCTS ON A
TIMELY AND COST EFFECTIVE BASIS
Our operating results depend on our ability to manufacture products on a
timely and cost effective basis. In the past, we have experienced reductions in
yields as a result of various factors, including defects in component parts and
human error in assembly. If we experience a deterioration in manufacturing
performance or a delay in production of any of our products, we could experience
delays in shipments and cancellations of orders. Moreover, networking products
frequently contain undetected software or hardware defects when first introduced
or as new versions are released. In addition, our products are often embedded in
or deployed in conjunction with service providers' products which incorporate a
variety of components produced by third parties. As a result, when a problem
occurs, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. These
problems may cause us to incur significant warranty and repair costs, divert the
attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts and
cause significant customer relation problems or loss of customers, any one of
which could harm our business.
If future demand for our products requires additional manufacturing
capacity, we may invest in and build additional manufacturing facilities, most
likely in China. However, we cannot assure you that the new manufacturing
facilities will attain the same quality or level of efficiencies as our existing
facilities. Alternatively, or in addition, we may contract with third party
manufacturing facilities over which we may be unable to exercise the same degree
of quality control as we can over our own facilities. We currently have no
arrangements with any independent manufacturing facility, and we may not be able
to obtain independent manufacturing sources on commercially attractive terms if
and when needed.
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WE DEPEND ON SOME SOLE SOURCE AND OTHER KEY SUPPLIERS FOR HANDSETS, COMPONENTS
AND MATERIALS USED IN OUR PRODUCTS, AND IF THESE SUPPLIERS FAIL TO PROVIDE US
WITH ADEQUATE SUPPLIES OF HIGH QUALITY PRODUCTS, OUR COMPETITIVE POSITION,
REPUTATION AND BUSINESS COULD BE HARMED
Some handsets, components and materials used in our products are purchased
from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. If any supplier is
unwilling or unable to provide us with high quality components and materials in
the quantities required and at the costs specified by us, we may not be able to
find alternative sources on favorable terms, in a timely manner, or at all. Our
inability to obtain or to develop alternative sources if and as required could
result in delays or reductions in manufacturing or product shipments. Moreover,
these suppliers may delay product shipments or supply us with inferior quality
products. If any of these events occur, our competitive position, reputation and
business could suffer.
OUR ABILITY TO SOURCE A SUFFICIENT QUANTITY OF HIGH QUALITY HANDSETS AND OTHER
COMPONENTS USED IN OUR PRODUCTS MAY BE LIMITED BY CHINA'S IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
AND DUTIES AS WELL AS OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN SUFFICIENT DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING
CAPACITY
We require a significant number of imported components to manufacture our
products in China. Imported electronic components and other imported goods used
in the operation of our business are subject to a variety of permit
requirements, approval procedures and import duties. Failure to obtain necessary
permits or approvals, administrative actions by China's government to limit
imports of certain components, or non-payment of required import duties could
subject us to penalties and fines and could adversely affect our ability to
manufacture and sell our products in China. In addition, import duties increase
the cost of our products and may make them less competitive.
In particular, an integral component of our Airstar PAS system is the
handset used by subscribers to make and receive mobile telephone calls. Our
inability to obtain a sufficient number of high quality handsets could severely
harm our business. Currently, a worldwide shortage of handsets exists. Although
we have contracted with Japanese vendors to manufacture handsets under the
UTStarcom label, we cannot assure you that they will be able to supply adequate
quantities of handsets. Moreover, we must pay an import duty on each handset
that we import into China, which may result in a competitive cost advantage for
our competitors who produce handsets in China. As a result, we are evaluating
various manufacturing alternatives within China. Currently, we are in the early
stages of negotiations with third parties to manufacture handsets for us in
China. We may be unable to enter into arrangements with third parties who are
capable of producing adequate quantities of high-quality handsets. We also
intend to develop the capacity to manufacture our own handsets. However, we may
be unsuccessful in our efforts to do so. Additionally, to comply with
manufacturing regulations in China we will need to obtain components for our
handsets from local sources. These sources may not be able to produce adequate
quantities of components that meet our quality standards.
In addition, based upon our internal review, we believe that we are likely
to be required to pay import duties and fines of up to approximately $500,000 to
China's custom service for components we imported into China between 1994 and
1997 for which we did not pay the required import duties at the time we brought
these components into China. We are presently seeking resolution of this matter
with China's custom service. We cannot be sure what other action, if any, that
China's custom service may take or whether additional fines or penalties may be
imposed on us or our joint ventures.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO EXPAND OUR DIRECT SALES OPERATION IN CHINA AND INDIRECT
DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ELSEWHERE OR SUCCESSFULLY MANAGE OUR EXPANDED SALES
ORGANIZATION, OUR OPERATING RESULTS MAY SUFFER
Our distribution strategy focuses primarily on developing and expanding our
direct sales organization in China and our indirect distribution channels
outside of China. We may not be able to successfully expand our direct sales
organization in China and the cost of any expansion may exceed the revenue
generated from these efforts. Even if we are successful in expanding our direct
sales organization in China, we may not be able to compete successfully against
the significantly larger and better-funded sales and marketing operations of
current or potential competitors. In addition, if we fail
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to develop relationships with significant international resellers or
manufacturers' representatives, or if these resellers or representatives are not
successful in their sales or marketing efforts, we may be unsuccessful in our
expansion efforts outside China.
WE EXPECT AVERAGE SELLING PRICES OF OUR PRODUCTS TO DECREASE WHICH MAY REDUCE
OUR REVENUES, AND, AS A RESULT, WE MUST INTRODUCE NEW PRODUCTS AND REDUCE OUR
COSTS IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN PROFITABILITY
The average selling prices for communications access and switching systems
and subscriber terminal products, such as handsets, in China have been declining
as a result of a number of factors, including:
- increased competition;
- aggressive price reductions by competitors;
- rapid technological change; and
- price and performance enhancements.
We have in the past experienced and expect in the future to experience
substantial period-to-period fluctuations in operating results due to declining
average selling prices. We anticipate that average selling prices of our
products will decrease in the future in response to product introductions by us
or our competitors or other factors, including price pressures from customers.
Therefore, we must continue to develop and introduce new products and
enhancements to existing products that incorporate features that can be sold at
higher average selling prices. Failure to do so could cause our revenues and
gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, to decline.
Our cost reduction efforts may not allow us to keep pace with competitive
pricing pressures or lead to improved gross profit, as a percentage of net
sales. In order to be competitive, we must continually reduce the cost of
manufacturing our products through design and engineering changes. We may not be
successful in redesigning our products or delivering our products to market in a
timely manner. We cannot assure you that any redesign will result in sufficient
cost reductions to allow us to reduce the prices of our products to remain
competitive or to improve or maintain our gross profit, as a percentage of net
sales.
SERVICE PROVIDERS SOMETIMES EVALUATE OUR PRODUCTS FOR LONG AND UNPREDICTABLE
PERIODS WHICH CAUSES THE TIMING OF PURCHASES AND OUR RESULTS OF OPERATIONS TO BE
UNPREDICTABLE
The period of time between our initial contact with a service provider and
the receipt of an actual purchase order may span a year or more. During this
time, service providers may subject our products to an extensive and lengthy
evaluation process before making a purchase. The length of these qualification
processes may vary substantially by product and service provider, making our
results of operations unpredictable. We may incur substantial sales and
marketing expenses and expend significant management effort during this process,
which ultimately may not result in a sale. These qualification processes often
make it difficult to obtain new customers, as service providers are reluctant to
expend the resources necessary to qualify a new supplier if they have one or
more existing qualified sources.
OUR INABILITY TO EXERCISE COMPLETE CONTROL OVER OUR SUBSIDIARIES MAY BE
DETRIMENTAL TO OUR BUSINESS
A considerable portion of our operations is and will continue to be
conducted through direct and indirect subsidiaries. For example, we own an 88%
interest in a joint venture which operates the Zhejiang manufacturing facility
and a 51% interest in a joint venture which operates the Guangdong manufacturing
facility. Even though we may own a majority interest in these joint ventures, we
do not have sole power to control all of the policies and decisions of these
jointly-owned subsidiaries.
Under China law governing Sino-foreign joint ventures, equity holders
exercise rights primarily through the board of directors, which constitutes the
highest authority of the joint venture. Although we own a majority of the
Guangdong joint venture, we are only entitled to appoint a minority of the
directors to the joint venture's board of directors, which prevents us from
controlling the actions of the
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board. Moreover, even though we hold a majority of the board seats in the
Zhejiang joint venture, China law requires unanimous approval of the board of
directors for some significant corporate actions, including:
- amendment of the Articles of Association of the joint venture;
- liquidation or dissolution of the joint venture;
- any increase, decrease or transfer of equity interests of any party to the
joint venture; and
- a merger of the joint venture with another economic entity.
Our operating results and cash flow depend on the operating results and cash
flow of our subsidiaries and the payment of funds by those subsidiaries to us.
These subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no
obligation, contingent or otherwise, to pay dividends or otherwise provide
financial benefits to us. Moreover, with respect to our Guangdong manufacturing
joint venture, any payment of dividends to us must be agreed to by our joint
venture partner, whose interests in receiving dividend distributions may not
coincide with ours. In addition, applicable law in some countries including
China limits the ability of a subsidiary to pay dividends for various reasons
including the absence of sufficient distributable reserves. In the event of any
insolvency, bankruptcy or similar proceedings, creditors of the subsidiaries
would generally be entitled to priority over us with respect to assets of the
affected subsidiary. In addition, because our joint venture partners in both
Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces are affiliated with the provincial Posts and
Telecommunications Administrations that operate the telecommunication networks
in these areas, if we fail to maintain these joint ventures, sales to our
customers located in these areas may decrease.
OUR MULTI-NATIONAL OPERATIONS SUBJECT US TO VARIOUS ECONOMIC, POLITICAL,
REGULATORY AND LEGAL RISKS
We market and sell our products in China and other markets. The expansion of
our existing multi-national operations and entry into additional international
markets will require significant management attention and financial resources.
Multi-national operations are subject to inherent risks, including:
- difficulties in designing products that are compatible with varying
international communications standards;
- longer accounts receivable collection periods and greater difficulty in
accounts receivable collection;
- unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
- changes to import and export regulations, including quotas, tariffs and
other trade barriers;
- delays or difficulties in obtaining export and import licenses;
- potential foreign exchange controls and repatriation controls on foreign
earnings;
- exchange rate fluctuations and currency conversion restrictions;
- the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws and regulations;
- difficulties and costs of staffing and managing multi-national operations;
- reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;
- potentially adverse tax consequences; and
- political and economic instability.
Multinational companies are required to establish intercompany pricing for
transactions between their separate legal entities operating in different taxing
jurisdictions. These intercompany transactions are subject to audit by taxing
authorities in the jurisdictions in which multinational companies operate. An
additional tax liability may be incurred if it is determined that intercompany
pricing was not done at arm's length. We believe we have adequately estimated
and recorded our liability arising from
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intercompany pricing, but we cannot assure you that an additional tax liability
will not result from audits of our intercompany pricing policies.
In markets outside of China, we rely on a number of original equipment
manufacturers, or OEMs, and third-party distributors and agents to market and
sell our network access products. If these OEMs, distributors or agents fail to
provide the support and effort necessary to service developing markets
effectively, our ability to maintain or expand our operations outside of China
will be negatively impacted. We cannot assure you that we will successfully
compete in these markets, that our products will be accepted or that we will
successfully overcome the risks associated with international operations.
Our international sales are generally denominated in local currencies. Due
to the limitations on converting Renminbi, we are limited in our ability to
engage in currency hedging activities in China. We do not currently engage in
currency hedging activities with respect to any other currencies. Although the
impact of currency fluctuations to date has been insignificant, fluctuations in
currency exchange rates in the future may have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations.
OUR FAILURE TO MEET INTERNATIONAL AND GOVERNMENTAL PRODUCT STANDARDS COULD BE
DETRIMENTAL TO OUR BUSINESS
Many of our products are required to comply with numerous government
regulations and standards, which vary by market. As standards for products
continue to evolve, we will need to modify our products or develop and support
new versions of our products to meet emerging industry standards, comply with
government regulations and satisfy the requirements necessary to obtain
approvals. Our inability to obtain regulatory approval and meet established
standards could delay or prevent our entrance into or force our departure from
markets.
OUR RECENT GROWTH HAS STRAINED OUR RESOURCES, AND IF WE ARE UNABLE TO MANAGE AND
SUSTAIN OUR GROWTH, OUR OPERATING RESULTS WILL BE NEGATIVELY AFFECTED
We have recently experienced a period of rapid growth and anticipate that we
must continue to expand our operations to address potential market
opportunities. If we fail to implement or improve systems or controls or to
manage any future growth and expansion effectively, our business could suffer.
Our expansion has placed and will continue to place a significant strain on
our management, operational, financial and other resources. Many of the members
of our management team have limited experience in the management of rapidly
growing companies. To manage our growth effectively, we will need to take
various actions, including:
- enhancing management information systems and forecasting procedures;
- further developing our operating, administrative, financial and accounting
systems and controls;
- maintaining close coordination among our engineering, accounting, finance,
marketing, sales and operations organizations;
- expanding, training and managing our employee base; and
- expanding our finance, administrative and operations staff.
OUR SUCCESS IS DEPENDENT ON CONTINUING TO HIRE AND RETAIN QUALIFIED PERSONNEL,
AND IF WE ARE NOT SUCCESSFUL IN ATTRACTING AND RETAINING THESE PERSONNEL, OUR
BUSINESS WOULD BE HARMED
The success of our business depends in significant part upon the continued
contributions of key technical and senior management personnel, many of whom
would be difficult to replace. In particular, our success depends in large part
on the knowledge, expertise and services of Hong Liang Lu, our President and
Chief Executive Officer, and Ying Wu, our Executive Vice President and Chief
Executive Officer of China Operations. The loss of any key employee, the failure
of any key employee to perform satisfactorily in his or her current position or
our failure to attract and retain other key technical and senior management
employees could have a significant negative impact on our operations.
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To effectively manage our recent growth as well as any future growth, we
will need to recruit, train, assimilate, motivate and retain qualified
employees. Competition for qualified employees is intense, and the process of
recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to
execute our business strategy can be difficult, time-consuming and expensive. We
are actively searching for research and development engineers and sales and
marketing personnel, who are in short supply. Additionally, we have a need for
and have experienced difficulty in finding qualified accounting personnel
knowledgeable in U.S. and China accounting standards. If we fail to attract,
hire, assimilate or retain qualified personnel, our business would be harmed.
Competitors and others have in the past and may in the future attempt to
recruit our employees. In addition, companies in the communications industry
whose employees accept positions with competitors frequently claim that the
competitors have engaged in unfair hiring practices. We may be the subject of
these types of claims in the future as we seek to hire qualified personnel. Some
of these claims may result in material litigation and disruption to our
operations. We could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves against
these claims, regardless of their merits.
ANY ACQUISITIONS THAT WE UNDERTAKE COULD BE DIFFICULT TO INTEGRATE, DISRUPT OUR
BUSINESS, DILUTE OUR STOCKHOLDERS AND HARM OUR OPERATING RESULTS
We recently acquired Wacos, Inc., a research and development subsidiary,
through a merger. We continually evaluate additional acquisition prospects that
would complement our existing product offerings, augment our market coverage,
enhance our technological capabilities, or that may otherwise offer growth
opportunities. Acquisitions of other companies may result in dilutive issuances
of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and the amortization of expenses
related to goodwill and other intangible assets. In addition, acquisitions
involve numerous risks, including difficulties in the assimilation of
operations, technologies, products and personnel of the acquired company,
diversion of management's attention from other business concerns, risks of
entering markets in which we have no direct or limited prior experience, and the
potential loss of key employees of ours and the acquired company.
WE MAY EXPERIENCE DIFFICULTY IN IDENTIFYING, FORMING AND MAINTAINING NEW
BUSINESS VENTURES THAT ARE IMPORTANT TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR BUSINESS
We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant capital in
new business ventures. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to
identify suitable parties for new ventures in the future. The failure to form or
maintain new ventures could significantly limit our ability to expand our
operations. Moreover, these new ventures or investments require significant
management time, involve a high degree of risk and will present significant
challenges. We cannot assure you that these activities will be successful or
that we will realize appropriate returns on these activities. Additionally, if
any venture or investment fails, our business could be negatively impacted.
WE MAY BE UNABLE TO ADEQUATELY PROTECT OUR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND MAY BE
SUBJECT TO CLAIMS THAT WE INFRINGE THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF OTHERS, EITHER
OF WHICH COULD SUBSTANTIALLY HARM OUR BUSINESS
We rely on a combination of patents, copyrights, trade secret laws and
contractual obligations to protect our technology. Although we have applied for
several patents in the United States, one of which has issued, as well as in
other countries, we cannot assure you that any additional patents will issue as
a result of pending patent applications or that our issued patents will be
upheld. Moreover, we have not yet obtained patents in China. We can give no
assurance that we will be able to obtain patents in China on our products or the
technology that we use to manufacture our products. Our joint ventures in China
rely upon our trademarks, technology and know-how to manufacture and sell our
products. We cannot guarantee that these and other intellectual property
protection measures will be sufficient to prevent misappropriation of our
technology or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies
that are substantially equivalent or superior to ours. In addition, the legal
systems of many foreign countries, including China, do not protect intellectual
property rights to the same
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extent as the legal system of the United States. If we are unable to adequately
protect our proprietary information, our business, financial condition and
results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
The increasing dependence of the communications industry on proprietary
technology has resulted in frequent litigation based on allegations of the
infringement of patents and other intellectual property. In the future we may be
subject to litigation to defend against claimed infringements of the rights of
others or to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of
others. Future litigation also may be necessary to enforce and protect our trade
secrets and other intellectual property rights. Any intellectual property
litigation could be costly and could cause diversion of management's attention
from the operation of our business. Adverse determinations in any litigation
could result in the loss of our proprietary rights, subject us to significant
liabilities or require us to seek licenses from third parties which may not be
available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. We could also be subject
to court orders preventing us from manufacturing or selling our products.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO YEAR 2000 ISSUE COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS
The potential for software failures due to processing errors from
calculations using the year 2000 date is a known risk. We recognize the need to
ensure that our operations and products will not be adversely impacted by year
2000 software failures. We have established procedures for evaluating and
managing the risks and costs associated with this problem and believe that our
internal computer systems, including our accounting, sales and technical support
automation systems, are currently year 2000 compliant. Even though our
operations have not been materially affected by the year 2000 issue, our systems
and those of other companies on which our systems and operations rely could
still experience year 2000 problems.
RISKS RELATING TO CHINA
Sales in China account for substantially all of our sales. Approximately
$102.9 million, or 97.9%, of our sales in 1998, and $186.1 million, or 99.3% of
our sales in 1999, occurred in China. Additionally, a substantial portion of our
fixed assets are located in China. Of our total fixed assets, approximately
46.4% as of December 31, 1998 and 53.7% as of December 31, 1999 were in China.
We expect to make further investments in China in the future. Therefore, our
business, financial condition and results of operations are to a significant
degree subject to economic, political and social events in China.
DEVALUATION IN THE VALUE OF THE RENMINBI AND FLUCTUATIONS IN EXCHANGE RATES
COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL RESULTS
Exchange rate fluctuations could have a substantial negative impact on our
financial condition and results of operations. We purchase substantially all of
our materials in the United States and Japan and a significant portion of our
cost of goods sold is incurred in U.S. dollars and Japanese yen. A significant
portion of our operating expenses are incurred in U.S. dollars. At the same
time, most of our sales are denominated in Renminbi. The value of the Renminbi
is subject to changes in China's governmental policies and to international
economic and political developments. Although the official exchange rate for the
conversion of Renminbi to U.S. dollars has remained stable, with the Renminbi
appreciating slightly against the U.S. dollar since 1994, the exchange rate
experienced significant volatility prior to 1994 including periods of sharp
devaluation. There can be no assurance that exchange rates will not become
volatile or that the Renminbi will not devalue again against the U.S. dollar.
In the past, financial markets in many Asian countries have experienced
severe volatility and, as a result, some Asian currencies have experienced
significant devaluation from time to time. The devaluation of some Asian
currencies may have the effect of rendering exports from China more expensive
and less competitive and therefore place pressure on China's government to
devalue the Renminbi. Any devaluation of the Renminbi could result in an
increase in volatility of Asian currency and capital markets. Future volatility
of Asian financial markets could have an adverse impact on our ability to expand
our product sales into Asian markets outside of China. Moreover, due to the
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limitations on the convertibility of Renminbi, we are limited in our ability to
engage in currency hedging activities in China and do not currently engage in
currency hedging activities with respect to international sales outside of
China.
CURRENCY RESTRICTIONS IN CHINA MAY LIMIT THE ABILITY OF OUR SUBSIDIARIES AND
JOINT VENTURES IN CHINA TO OBTAIN AND REMIT FOREIGN CURRENCY NECESSARY FOR THE
PURCHASE OF IMPORTED COMPONENTS AND MAY LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN AND REMIT
FOREIGN CURRENCY IN EXCHANGE FOR RENMINBI EARNINGS
China's government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into
foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of
China. Under the current foreign exchange control system, sufficient foreign
currency may not be available to satisfy our currency needs. Shortages in the
availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our Chinese
subsidiaries to obtain and remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends to
us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations such as
payments to us for components which we export to them and for technology
licensing fees. We may also experience difficulties in completing the
administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit needed foreign currency.
Moreover, we cannot assure you that China's government will continue the policy
of making the Renminbi convertible under current accounts. Our inability to
convert and remit our sales received in Renminbi into U.S. dollars and make
necessary remittances could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Our business could be substantially harmed if we are unable to convert our
sales received in Renminbi into U.S. dollars. Under existing foreign exchange
laws, Renminbi held by our China subsidiaries can be converted into foreign
currencies and remitted out of China to pay current account items such as
payments to suppliers for imports, labor services, payment of interest on
foreign exchange loans and distributions of dividends so long as the
subsidiaries have adequate amounts of Renminbi to purchase the foreign currency.
Expenses of a capital nature such as the repayment of bank loans denominated in
foreign currencies, however, require approval from appropriate governmental
authorities before Renminbi can be used to purchase foreign currency and then
remitted out of China. This system could be changed at any time by executive
decision of the State Council to impose limits on current account convertibility
of the Renminbi or other similar restrictions. Moreover, even though the
Renminbi is intended to be freely convertible under the current account, the
State Administration of Foreign Exchange, which is responsible for administering
China's foreign currency market, has a significant degree of administrative
discretion in implementing the laws. From time to time, the State Administration
of Foreign Exchange has used this discretion in ways which effectively limit the
convertibility of current account payments and restrict remittances out of
China. Furthermore, in many circumstances the State Administration of Foreign
Exchange must approve foreign currency conversions and remittances. Under the
current foreign exchange control system, sufficient foreign currency may not be
available at a given exchange rate to satisfy our currency demands.
CHANGES WITHIN CHINA'S COMMUNICATIONS MARKET COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS
We derive substantially all of our sales from local telecommunications
service providers in China which utilize network access equipment in the
continued expansion and upgrading of China's communications infrastructure. The
continued development of the communications infrastructure in China
correspondingly depends, in part, on the demand for voice and data services in
China and China's governmental policy. Although this industry has grown rapidly
in the past, we cannot assure you that it will continue to grow in the future.
Any reduced demand for voice and data services, any other downturn or other
adverse changes in the China communications industry or the adoption or
enforcement of government policies that limit or prohibit our ability to
manufacture, market or sell our products could severely harm our business.
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CHINA'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY IS SUBJECT TO EXTENSIVE GOVERNMENT
REGULATION AND HAS RECENTLY BEEN RESTRUCTURED, WHICH HAS LED TO UNCERTAINTY
China's telecommunications industry is heavily regulated by the Ministry of
Information Industry. The Ministry of Information Industry controls the 33
provincial Posts and Telecommunications Administrations that exercise regulatory
responsibility over the telecommunications industries in their respective
provinces. The Ministry of Information Industry has broad discretion and
authority to regulate all aspects of the telecommunications and information
technology industry in China including managing spectrum bandwidths, setting
network equipment specifications and standards and drafting laws and regulations
related to the electronics and telecommunications industries.
As part of the Chinese government's industry restructuring initiatives, the
regulatory functions of the Ministry of Information Industry and the Posts and
Telecommunications Administrations will be separated from the operational
functions of the state-owned companies under their control. Following this
separation, it is expected that the Ministry of Information Industry will act
exclusively as the industry regulator and will no longer manage the day-to-day
operations of telecommunications service providers in China. The separation of
the regulatory and operational functions of the Ministry of Information Industry
and the Posts and Telecommunications Administrations has not been completed. As
a result, the Ministry of Information Industry continues to exercise
administrative control over the operational goals and policies of
telecommunications service providers formerly under the control of the China
Telecom system. In addition, the provincial Posts and Telecommunications
Administrations continue to operate the fixed line telephone systems in their
respective provinces. We cannot predict when complete separation of the
regulatory and operational functions of the Ministry of Information Industry and
the provincial Posts and Telecommunications Administrations will be achieved.
China does not yet have a national telecommunications law. The Ministry of
Information Industry, under the direction of the State Council, is currently
preparing a draft of the Telecommunications Law of the People's Republic of
China for ultimate submission to the National People's Congress for review and
adoption. It is unclear if and when the Telecommunications Law will be adopted.
If the Telecommunications Law is adopted, we expect it to become the basic
telecommunications statute and the source of telecommunications regulations in
China. Although we expect that a Telecommunications Law would have a positive
effect on the overall development of the telecommunications industry in China,
we do not know the nature and scope of regulation that it would create.
Accordingly, we cannot predict whether it will have a positive or negative
effect on us or on some or all aspects of our business.
The Ministry of Information Industry has broad discretion to apply standards
in deciding what types of equipment may be connected to the national
telecommunications networks, the forms and types of services that may be offered
to the public and the content of material available in China over the Internet.
If the Ministry of Information Industry sets standards with which we are unable
to comply, our ability to sell product in China may be limited, resulting in
substantial harm to our operations.
CHINA CLOSELY RESTRICTS ACTIVITIES OF FOREIGN INVESTORS IN THE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
China's government and its agencies, including the Ministry of Information
Industry and the State Council, regulate foreign investment in the
telecommunications industry through the promulgation of various laws and
regulations and the issuance of various administrative orders and decisions.
Foreign investment enterprises, companies and individuals are prohibited from
investing and participating in the operation and management of
telecommunications networks without special approval by the State Council. In
addition, they are restricted from manufacturing analog mobile communications
systems, including wireless telephones. We cannot assure you that China will not
promulgate new laws or regulations, or issue administrative or judicial
decisions or interpretations, which would further restrict or bar foreigners
from engaging in telecommunications-related activities. The promulgation of laws
or regulations or the issuance of administrative orders or judicial decisions or
interpretations restricting or prohibiting telecommunications activities by
foreigners could have a substantial impact on our ongoing operations.
16
<PAGE>
OUR CUSTOMERS IN CHINA ARE PART OF THE CHINA TELECOM SYSTEM AND ARE SUBJECT TO
ITS ULTIMATE CONTROL. WE UNDERSTAND THAT CHINA TELECOM RECENTLY PROHIBITED ALL
POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BUREAUS IN CHINA FROM PURCHASING LOW-MOBILITY
WIRELESS ACCESS SYSTEMS, SUCH AS OUR PAS SYSTEM, FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN LARGE
CITIES
Each of the local Posts and Telecommunications Bureaus in China which
comprise our existing or potential customers is part of the China Telecom system
and subject to its ultimate control. Accordingly, China Telecom may issue policy
statements or make other decisions which govern the equipment purchasing
decisions of all of our customers in China. For example, we understand that
China Telecom recently prohibited all Posts and Telecommunications Bureaus from
purchasing low-mobility wireless access systems, such as our PAS system, for
implementation in large cities. While to date we have not marketed or sold our
PAS systems in large cities, we may wish to do so in the future. As the majority
of our sales are generated from our operations in China, this decision of China
Telecom or other decisions by China Telecom could cause substantial harm to our
business.
CHINA'S GOVERNMENT POLICIES COULD IMPACT OUR BUSINESS
Since 1978, China's government has been and is expected to continue
reforming its economic and political systems. These reforms have resulted in and
are expected to continue to result in significant economic and social
development in China. Many of the reforms are unprecedented or experimental and
may be subject to change or readjustment due to a number of political, economic
and social factors. We believe that the basic principles underlying the
political and economic reforms will continue to be implemented and provide the
framework for China's political and economic system. New reforms or the
readjustment of previously implemented reforms could have a significant negative
effect on our operations. Changes in China's political, economic and social
conditions and governmental policies which could have a substantial impact on
our business include:
- new laws and regulations or the interpretation of those laws and
regulations;
- the introduction of measures to control inflation or stimulate growth;
- changes in the rate or method of taxation;
- the imposition of additional restrictions on currency conversion and
remittances abroad; and
- any actions which limit our ability to develop, manufacture, import or
sell our products in China, or to finance and operate our business in
China.
CHINA'S ECONOMIC POLICIES COULD IMPACT OUR BUSINESS
The economy of China differs from the economies of most countries belonging
to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in various respects
such as structure, government involvement, level of development, growth rate,
capital reinvestment, allocation of resources, self-sufficiency, rate of
inflation and balance of payments position. In the past, the economy of China
has been primarily a planned economy subject to one- and five-year state plans
adopted by central government authorities and largely implemented by provincial
and local authorities which set production and development targets.
Since 1978, increasing emphasis had been placed on decentralization and the
utilization of market forces in the development of China's economy. Economic
reform measures adopted by China's government may be inconsistent or
ineffectual, and we may not in all cases be able to capitalize on any reforms.
Further, these measures may be adjusted or modified in ways which could result
in economic liberalization measures that are inconsistent from time to time or
from industry to industry or across different regions of the country. China's
economy has experienced significant growth in the past decade. This growth,
however, has been accompanied by imbalances in China's economy and has
17
<PAGE>
resulted in significant fluctuations in general price levels, including periods
of inflation. China's government has implemented policies from time to time to
increase or restrain the rate of economic growth, control periods of inflation
or otherwise regulate economic expansion. While we may be able to benefit from
the effects of some of these policies, these policies and other measures taken
by China's government to regulate the economy could also have a significant
overall impact on economic conditions in China with a resulting negative impact
on our business.
CHINA'S EXPECTED ENTRY INTO THE WTO CREATES UNCERTAINTY AS TO THE FUTURE
ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTS IN CHINA
China has been attempting to join the World Trade Organization and recently
signed a bilateral trade agreement with the United States which has enabled
China to gain the support of the United States in China's attempt to enter the
WTO. With this agreement concluded, and subject to the support of other member
countries, China is expected to enter into the WTO as early as some time in
2000. Although China has been reducing tariff levels over the past several
years, entry into the WTO will require China to further reduce tariffs and
eliminate other trade restrictions. While China's entry into the WTO and related
relaxation of trade restrictions may lead to increased foreign investment, it
may also lead to increased competition in China's markets from international
companies. Whether or not China is accepted into the WTO, the impact on China's
economy and our business is uncertain.
IF TAX BENEFITS AVAILABLE TO OUR SUBSIDIARIES LOCATED IN CHINA ARE REDUCED OR
REPEALED, OUR BUSINESS COULD SUFFER
Our subsidiaries located in China enjoy tax benefits in China which are
generally available to foreign investment enterprises, including full exemption
from national enterprise income tax for two years starting from the first
profit-making year and/or a 50% reduction in national income tax rate for the
following three years. In addition, local enterprise income tax is often waived
or reduced during this tax holiday/incentive period. Under current regulations
in China, foreign investment enterprises that have been accredited as
technologically advanced enterprises are entitled to additional tax incentives.
These tax incentives vary in different locales and could include preferential
national enterprise income tax treatment at 50% of the usual rates for different
periods of time. All of our active subsidiaries in China were accredited as
technologically advanced enterprises. These tax incentives may be repealed or
reduced in the future. If these tax incentives are abolished before our
subsidiaries in China can take full advantage of them, the tax liability of
these subsidiaries will increase, which will negatively impact our financial
condition and results of operations.
CHINA'S LEGAL SYSTEM EMBODIES UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD NEGATIVELY IMPACT OUR
BUSINESS
China has a civil law legal system. Although often used by judges for
guidance, decided court cases do not have binding legal effect on future
decisions. Since 1979, many new laws and regulations covering general economic
matters have been promulgated in China. Despite this activity to develop the
legal system, China's system of laws is not yet complete. Even where adequate
law exists in China, enforcement of existing laws or contracts based on existing
law may be uncertain and sporadic and it may be difficult to obtain swift and
equitable enforcement, or to obtain enforcement of a judgment by a court of
another jurisdiction. The relative inexperience of China's judiciary in many
cases creates additional uncertainty as to the outcome of any litigation.
Further, interpretation of statutes and regulations may be subject to government
policies reflecting domestic political changes.
China has adopted a broad range of related laws, administrative rules and
regulations that govern the conduct and operations of foreign investment
enterprises and restrict the ability of foreign companies to conduct business in
China. These laws, rules and regulations provide some incentives to encourage
the flow of investment into China, but also subject foreign companies, and
foreign investment enterprises including our subsidiaries in China, to a set of
restrictions which may not always
18
<PAGE>
apply to domestic companies in China. Although China is increasingly according
foreign companies and foreign investment enterprises established in China the
same rights and privileges as Chinese domestic companies in anticipation of
China's entry into the WTO, these special laws, administrative rules and
regulations governing foreign companies and foreign investment enterprises may
still place us and our subsidiaries at a disadvantage in relation to Chinese
domestic companies and may adversely affect our competitive position. Moreover,
as China's legal system develops, the promulgation of new laws, changes to
existing laws and the pre-emption of local regulations by national laws may
adversely affect foreign investors and companies.
Many of our activities and products in China are subject to administrative
review and approval by various national and local agencies of China's
government. Because of the changes occurring in China's legal and regulatory
structure, there can be no assurance that we will be able to secure the
requisite governmental approval for our activities and products. Failure to
obtain the requisite government approval for any of our activities or products
could substantially harm our business.
RISKS RELATED TO THE OFFERING
OUR STOCK PRICE MAY BE VOLATILE AND YOU MAY BE UNABLE TO SELL YOUR SHARES AT OR
ABOVE THE OFFERING PRICE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common
stock. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock
will develop or be sustained after the offering. The initial public offering
price will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters, and
may not be indicative of the market price of our common stock after the
offering. Investors may not be able to resell their shares at or above the
initial public offering price due to a number of factors, including:
- actual or anticipated fluctuations in operating results;
- changes in expectations as to future financial performance or changes in
financial estimates or buy/sell recommendations of securities analysts;
- publications or technological innovations by us or our competitors; and
- the operating and stock price performance of other comparable companies.
In addition, domestic and international stock markets have recently
experienced extreme price and trading volume volatility, particularly in the
high technology sectors of these markets. This volatility has significantly
affected the market prices of securities of many technology companies for
reasons often unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies.
These fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock,
regardless of our actual operating performance.
Following initial public offerings, the trading prices for stocks of many
Internet, communications equipment and other technology-related companies have
reached levels that bear no relationship to the operating performance of these
companies. These trading prices are generally not sustainable and could
fluctuate significantly. If our common stock trades to high levels following
this offering, it could be followed by a significant decline.
OUR EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS HAVE SIGNIFICANT CONTROL OF OUR MANAGEMENT AND
AFFAIRS, WHICH THEY COULD EXERCISE AGAINST YOUR BEST INTERESTS
Following the completion of this offering, SOFTBANK CORP. and its related
companies will beneficially own 52.3% of our outstanding stock. As a result,
SOFTBANK will have the ability to control all matters submitted to our
stockholders for approval and exert significant influence over our management
and affairs. This concentration of ownership may delay or prevent a change of
control or discourage a potential acquiror from making a tender offer or
otherwise attempting to obtain control of
19
<PAGE>
our company, which could decrease the market price of our common stock. Matters
that could require stockholder approval include:
- election and removal of directors;
- merger or consolidation of our company; and
- sale of all or substantially all of our assets.
Given the contractual and business relationships between SOFTBANK and us,
the interests of SOFTBANK may not always coincide with our interests. SOFTBANK,
acting through its designees on the Board of Directors and through its ownership
of voting securities, will have the ability to control our actions irrespective
of the desires of our other stockholders or directors.
YOU WILL EXPERIENCE IMMEDIATE AND SUBSTANTIAL DILUTION IN THE NET TANGIBLE BOOK
VALUE OF THE STOCK YOU PURCHASE
The initial public offering price of our common stock will be substantially
higher than the book value per share of the outstanding common stock after this
offering. Therefore, based on the initial offering price of $18.00 per share, if
you purchase our common stock in this offering you will suffer immediate
dilution of approximately $14.54 per share. If additional shares are sold by the
U.S. underwriters following exercise of their over-allotment option, or if
outstanding options and warrants to purchase our common stock are exercised, you
will experience additional dilution.
FOLLOWING THIS OFFERING, SUBSTANTIAL NUMBERS OF SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK WILL
BECOME AVAILABLE FOR SALE IN THE PUBLIC MARKET, WHICH COULD CAUSE THE MARKET
PRICE OF OUR STOCK TO DECLINE
Upon completion of this offering, 89,307,159 shares of our common stock will
be outstanding, assuming no exercise of the U.S. underwriters' over-allotment
option and no exercise of outstanding options or warrants after December 31,
1999. Of these shares, all of the shares sold in this offering will be freely
tradable without restriction under the Securities Act, unless purchased by our
officers, directors and some of our significant security holders.
The remaining 79,307,159 shares of our common stock outstanding as of
December 31, 1999 are subject to restrictions under Rule 144 of the Securities
Act. Of those shares, substantially all of the shares are subject to a lock-up
agreement with the underwriters and will not become eligible for sale in the
public market until 180 days following the date of this prospectus, unless
earlier released from the lock-up by the underwriters. As restrictions on resale
end, the market price of our common stock could drop significantly if the
holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to
sell them. In addition to the adverse effect a price decline could have on the
holders of our common stock, a price decline would likely impede our ability to
raise additional capital through the issuance of additional shares of our common
stock or other equity securities.
Shortly after this offering, we intend to file a registration statement
covering 2,000,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our
employee stock purchase plan and up to 19,071,213 shares of common stock
reserved for issuance under our stock option plans. Any vested shares registered
under the registration statement will immediately become available for sale in
the open market, subject to the preceding contractual restrictions and, in the
case of our officers, directors and some significant security holders, Rule 144
volume limitations.
DELAWARE LAW AND OUR CHARTER DOCUMENTS CONTAIN PROVISIONS THAT COULD DISCOURAGE
OR PREVENT A POTENTIAL TAKEOVER, EVEN IF THE TRANSACTION WOULD BENEFIT OUR
STOCKHOLDERS
Other companies may seek to acquire or merge with us. An acquisition or
merger of our company could result in benefits to our stockholders, including an
increase in the value of our common stock.
20
<PAGE>
Some provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, as well as
provisions of Delaware law, may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or
acquisition that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions include:
- authorizing the Board of Directors to issue additional preferred stock;
- prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;
- limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders;
- prohibiting stockholder action by written consent;
- creating a classified Board of Directors pursuant to which our directors
are elected for staggered three year terms; and
- establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to
the Board of Directors and for proposing matters that can be acted on by
stockholders at stockholder meetings.
OUR MANAGEMENT MAY NOT USE THE PROCEEDS OF THIS OFFERING EFFECTIVELY
Our management has broad discretion over the use of proceeds of this
offering. In addition, our management has not designated a specific use for a
substantial portion of the proceeds of this offering. Accordingly, it is
possible that our management may allocate the proceeds differently than
investors in this offering would have preferred, or that we fail to maximize our
return on the proceeds.
------------------------
IN THIS PROSPECTUS, REFERENCES TO AND STATEMENTS REGARDING CHINA REFER TO
THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, EXCLUDING HONG KONG, MACAU AND TAIWAN,
REFERENCES TO "U.S. DOLLARS," OR "$" ARE TO UNITED STATES DOLLARS, AND
REFERENCES TO "RENMINBI" ARE TO RENMINBI, THE LEGAL CURRENCY OF CHINA.
UNLESS SPECIFICALLY STATED, INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS GIVES EFFECT TO A
2-FOR-1 STOCK SPLIT EFFECTED IN DECEMBER 1999 AND ASSUMES:
- AN EXCHANGE RATE OF 8.3 RENMINBI FOR ONE U.S. DOLLAR;
- ALL OUTSTANDING SHARES OF OUR PREFERRED STOCK HAVE BEEN CONVERTED ON A
ONE-FOR-ONE BASIS INTO AN AGGREGATE OF 70,377,322 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK;
AND
- THE U.S. UNDERWRITERS WILL NOT EXERCISE THEIR OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION AND NO
OTHER PERSON WILL EXERCISE ANY OTHER OUTSTANDING OPTIONS OR WARRANTS.
21
<PAGE>
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. We use words like
"anticipates," "believes," "plans," "expects," "future," "intends" and similar
expressions to identify these forward-looking statements. We have based these
forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about
future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks,
uncertainties and assumptions about us, including, but not limited to, the
following:
- devaluation of the Renminbi and fluctuations of exchange rates;
- changes in China's government, economic or regulatory policies;
- uncertainty regarding the commercial acceptance of our network access and
switching equipment and technologies;
- uncertainty regarding our future operating results;
- our ability to introduce new products;
- delays or losses of sales due to long sales and delivery cycles for our
products;
- the possibility of lower prices, reduced gross profit as a percentage of
net sales and loss of market share due to increased competition; and
- increased demands on our resources due to anticipated growth.
In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking
events discussed in this prospectus might not occur. We undertake no obligation
to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result
of new information or future events.
22
<PAGE>
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate our net proceeds from the sale of the 10,000,000 shares of our
common stock offered in this offering will be approximately $164.5 million, or
approximately $189.6 million if the U.S. underwriters exercise their
over-allotment option in full, based on the initial public offering price of
$18.00 per share and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated
offering expenses.
At this time, the principal purposes of this offering are to obtain
additional capital to increase our financial flexibility and to create a public
market for our common stock. We presently intend to use the net proceeds from
this offering as follows:
- an estimated $20.0 million to $30.0 million for research and development;
- an estimated $10.0 million to $20.0 million for capital expenditures;
- an estimated $30.0 million to $45.0 million in connection with sales,
marketing and administrative expenses, which will include the expansion of
our sales and marketing organization; and
- the remainder for working capital and general corporate purposes.
We have estimated some of our uses of proceeds above but these estimates may
not be accurate, and our actual use of proceeds may vary from these estimates.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds
of this offering. Pending any use, we intend to invest the net proceeds in
short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.
From time to time, we may evaluate opportunities to acquire or invest in
complementary businesses, technologies or products and may use a portion of the
net proceeds from this offering to enter into these type of transactions. At
this time, we do not have any present understandings, commitments or agreements
with respect to any material acquisitions.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We
currently intend to retain future earnings to finance the growth and development
of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the
foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our revolving line of credit
agreement prohibit us from paying cash dividends without the prior consent of
the bank.
23
<PAGE>
CAPITALIZATION
The following table summarizes our short-term debt and capitalization as of
December 31, 1999:
- on an actual basis;
- on a pro forma basis to reflect the conversion of all outstanding shares
of preferred stock into common stock upon the completion of this offering;
and
- on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect the receipt of the net
proceeds from the sale of 10,000,000 shares offered hereby at the initial
public offering price of $18.00 per share, after deducting the
underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
------------------------------------
PRO FORMA
ACTUAL PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED
-------- ----------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total short-term debt..................................... $ 43,338 $ 43,338 $ 43,338
======== ======== ========
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible preferred stock, $0.00125 par value;
actual--99,200,000 shares authorized, 70,377,322
shares issued and outstanding; pro forma and as
adjusted--5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares
issued and outstanding................................ 88 -- --
Common stock, $0.00125 par value; actual--142,800,000
shares authorized, 8,929,837 shares issued and
outstanding;
pro forma--250,000,000 shares authorized, 79,307,159
shares issued and outstanding; as adjusted--89,307,159
shares issued and outstanding(1)...................... 13 101 114
Common stock warrant.................................... 389 389 389
Additional paid-in capital.............................. 218,303 218,303 382,810
Deferred stock compensation............................. (17,792) (17,792) (17,792)
Accumulated deficit..................................... (34,821) (34,821) (34,821)
Notes receivable from stockholders...................... (555) (555) (555)
Cumulative translation adjustment....................... 95 95 95
-------- -------- --------
Total stockholders' equity............................ 165,720 165,720 330,240
-------- -------- --------
Total capitalization................................ $165,720 $165,720 $330,240
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) Excludes 14,405,714 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of options
outstanding as of December 31, 1999 at a weighted average exercise price of
$3.25 per share. Also excludes 532,000 shares of common stock issuable upon
exercise of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 1999 with a weighted
average exercise price of $6.025 per share. For additional information
regarding our capital structure, see "Management--Employee Benefit Plans,"
"Related Party Transactions," "Description of Capital Stock" and
Notes 16-19 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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<PAGE>
DILUTION
The pro forma net tangible book value of our common stock as of
December 31, 1999 was approximately $144.2 million, or $1.82 per share. Pro
forma net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our total
assets, excluding net intangible assets, less our total liabilities, divided by
the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding, after giving effect
to the conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into an aggregate
of 70,377,322 shares of common stock.
Without taking into account any other changes in net tangible book value
after December 31, 1999, other than to give effect to the sale of 10,000,000
shares of common stock offered by this prospectus at the initial public offering
price of $18.00 per share and after deducting the estimated underwriting
discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, the pro forma net
tangible book value of our common stock as of December 31, 1999 would have been
approximately $308.7 million, or $3.46 per share. This represents an immediate
increase in net tangible book value of $1.64 per share to existing stockholders
and an immediate dilution of $14.54 per share to new investors purchasing common
stock in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Initial public offering price per share..................... $18.00
Net tangible book value per share as of December 31,
1999.................................................. $ 1.82
Increase per share attributable to new investors........ 1.64
------
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this
offering.................................................. 3.46
------
Dilution per share to new investors......................... $14.54
======
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis, as of December 31,
1999:
- the total number of shares of common stock purchased from us; and
- the total consideration paid and the average price per share paid by
existing stockholders and by new investors, before deducting the
underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES PURCHASED TOTAL CONSIDERATION
--------------------- ----------------------- AVERAGE PRICE
NUMBER PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT PER SHARE
---------- -------- ------------ -------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Existing stockholders............... 79,307,159 89% $245,921,000 58% $ 3.10
New investors....................... 10,000,000 11% 180,000,000 42% $18.00
---------- --- ------------ ---
Total............................. 89,307,159 100% $425,921,000 100%
========== === ============ ===
</TABLE>
The foregoing discussion and table assume that the underwriters do not
exercise their over-allotment option. This table also assumes that no options or
warrants were exercised after December 31, 1999. As of December 31, 1999, there
were 9,164,047 shares of outstanding options which were exercisable within
60 days of December 31, 1999 at a weighted average exercise price of $2.12 and
warrants outstanding to purchase a total of 532,000 shares of common stock at a
weighted average exercise price of $6.025 per share. If all these options and
warrants had been exercised as of December 31, 1999, our net tangible book value
on that date would have been $331.4 million or $3.35 per share, the increase in
net tangible book value attributable to new investors would have been $1.47 per
share and the dilution in net book value to new investors would have been $14.65
per share. For additional information about our capitalization and the options
and warrants described above, see "Management--Employee Benefit Plans," "Related
Party Transactions," "Description of Capital Stock" and Notes 16-19 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
25
<PAGE>
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
You should read the following selected consolidated financial data in
conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statement of
operations data for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and
consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 1998 and 1999 are derived from,
and are qualified by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements
included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statement of operations
data for the years ended December 31, 1995 and 1996 and the consolidated balance
sheet data at December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 have been derived from audited
financial statements not included in this prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales............................................... $ 10,006 $ 35,542 $ 75,597 $105,167 $187,516
Cost of sales (excludes amortization of deferred stock
compensation of $0, $0, $0, $0 and $12)............... 4,289 22,322 48,795 64,142 112,691
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Gross profit............................................ 5,717 13,220 26,802 41,025 74,825
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative (excludes
amortization of deferred stock compensation of $0,
$0, $0, $390 and $4,256)............................ 3,452 8,042 21,211 22,821 30,866
Research and development (excludes amortization of
deferred stock compensation of $0, $0, $0, $22 and
$1,285)............................................. 612 3,899 8,941 14,659 17,363
Amortization of deferred stock compensation........... -- -- -- 412 5,553
Amortization of intangible assets..................... 21 42 40 120 332
In-process research and development................... 10,611 -- -- -- 3,992
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses............................ 14,696 11,983 30,192 38,012 58,106
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Operating income (loss)................................. (8,979) 1,237 (3,390) 3,013 16,719
Interest and other income (expenses).................... 163 858 2,033 (1,138) (2,212)
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies..... -- (291) 73 (773) 1,348
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest.............................................. (8,816) 1,804 (1,284) 1,102 15,855
Income tax expense (benefit)............................ 54 575 400 1,423 626
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries.......................................... (701) (743) 301 914 (2,110)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations................ (9,571) 486 (1,383) 593 13,119
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.............. -- 301 1,413 (893) (1,656)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)....................................... (9,571) 787 30 (300) 11,463
Preferred stock dividend (270) (1,097) -- -- --
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F preferred
stock................................................. -- -- -- -- (29,977)
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) applicable to common stock............ $ (9,841) $ (310) $ 30 $ (300) $(18,514)
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Earnings (loss) per share(1):
Basic................................................. $ (2.40) $ (0.04) $ 0.00 $ (0.04) $ (2.13)
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Diluted............................................... $ (2.40) $ (0.04) $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ (2.13)
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Shares used in per share calculations(1):
Basic................................................. 4,108 8,344 7,320 7,582 8,678
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
Diluted............................................... 4,108 8,344 7,320 77,050 8,678
======== ======== ======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31,
----------------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents(2)................................ $12,531 $18,246 $ 35,049 $ 17,626 $ 87,364
Working capital............................................. 14,905 34,382 59,076 57,416 126,637
Total assets................................................ 26,318 49,610 101,097 142,121 271,788
Total short-term debt....................................... 5,704 1,127 1,579 38,426 43,338
Convertible preferred stock................................. 13,917 39,912 -- -- --
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 1,350 39,519 72,513 72,336 165,720
</TABLE>
- ------------------------------
(1) Based on the number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 1999. Excludes
(i) 16,831,090 shares of common stock authorized for issuance under our
stock option plans, under which options to purchase 14,405,714 shares were
outstanding as of December 31, 1999 with a weighted average exercise price
of $3.25 per share and 172,243 shares were available for grant and
(ii) 532,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise
of warrants outstanding as of December 31, 1999 with a weighted average
exercise price of $6.025 per share.
(2) Includes restricted cash of $1,500,000 at December 31, 1998 and $4,550,000
at December 31, 1999.
26
<PAGE>
SELECTED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA
You should read the following selected financial data in conjunction with
our pro forma combined financial information and the related notes and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" included elsewhere in this prospectus. On December 14, 1999, we
acquired the minority interest of Wacos, Inc., a research and development
subsidiary, through a merger. The acquisition of the unaffiliated minority
interest in Wacos, Inc. was accounted for using the purchase method of
accounting and, accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible
and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the basis of their
fair values on the acquisition date. The following unaudited pro forma combined
statement of operations data reflects the acquisition of Wacos, Inc.'s minority
interest as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 1999 and the assumed
conversion of all the Company's outstanding preferred stock into shares of the
Company's common stock that will be effective upon the closing of the Company's
initial public offering as if such conversion had occurred on January 1, 1999 or
at the date of issuance. This data may not be indicative of the results of
operations had the acquisition actually occurred on January 1, 1999, nor do they
purport to be indicative of our future results of operations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 1999
---------------------
(UNAUDITED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT
PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C>
COMBINED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................................... $187,516
Cost of sales (excludes amortization of deferred stock
compensation of $12)...................................... 112,691
--------
Gross profit................................................ 74,825
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative (excludes amortization
of deferred stock compensation of $4,256)............... 30,866
Research and development (excludes amortization of
deferred stock compensation of $1,285).................. 17,363
Amortization of deferred stock compensation............... 5,553
Amortization of intangible assets......................... 4,940
--------
Total operating expenses................................ 58,722
--------
Operating income............................................ 16,103
Interest and other income (expense)......................... (2,212)
Equity in net income of affiliated companies................ 1,348
--------
Income before income taxes and minority interest............ 15,239
Income tax expense.......................................... 626
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries.............................................. (2,110)
--------
Income from continuing operations........................... 12,503
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F convertible
preferred stock........................................... (29,977)
--------
Loss from continuing operations applicable to common
stockholders.............................................. $(17,474)
========
Pro forma earnings (loss) per share:
Basic..................................................... $ (0.24)
========
Diluted................................................... $ (0.24)
========
Shares used in pro forma per share calculations:
Basic..................................................... 72,947
========
Diluted................................................... 72,947
========
</TABLE>
27
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT INVOLVE
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS COULD DIFFER SUBSTANTIALLY FROM
THOSE ANTICIPATED IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF MANY
FACTORS, INCLUDING THOSE DISCUSSED IN "RISK FACTORS" AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS
PROSPECTUS. THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION SHOULD BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH OUR
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND RELATED NOTES THERETO APPEARING ELSEWHERE
IN THIS PROSPECTUS.
OVERVIEW
We provide communications equipment for service providers that operate
wireless and wireline networks in rapidly growing communications markets. Our
integrated suite of network access systems, optical transmission products and
subscriber terminal products allows service providers to offer efficient and
expandable voice, data and Internet access services. Because our systems are
based on key international communications standards, service providers can
easily integrate our systems into their existing networks and deploy our systems
in new broadband, IP-based and wireless network rollouts.
We incorporated in Delaware as Unitech Industries Inc. in 1991. Since our
incorporation, we have focused our resources on developing products for China's
communications market. We shipped our first network access products in 1993. In
1994, we changed our name to Unitech Telecom, Inc. In 1995, we acquired StarCom
Network Systems, Inc. and changed our name to UTStarcom, Inc. During 1996, we
introduced our advanced, V5.1 and V5.2 compliant, multi-service network access
product, the AN-2000. Late in 1996, we introduced our Airstar wireless access
system. In December 1999, we completed the acquisition of Wacos, Inc., a
research and development subsidiary that develops IP-based switching systems. As
part of our business operations in China, we have established a wholly owned
subsidiary and two joint ventures in that country.
To date, we have derived substantially all of our revenues from sales of
communications equipment to service providers in China. Each of the Posts and
Telecommunications Bureaus, or PTBs, to whom we sell our equipment in China is
part of the China Telecom system and subject to its ultimate control. However,
equipment purchasing decisions are generally made at the individual PTB level.
Our customers often make a large initial purchase of our equipment followed by
supplemental purchases of enhancements and upgrades. As a result, our largest
revenue-producing customers typically vary from period-to-period. For example,
in 1999, two of our customers together accounted for over 41% of our sales.
However, we expect that different customers will be our largest source of
revenues in subsequent periods.
Over 99% of our sales for 1999 were made in China. Accordingly, our
business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the
political, economic and legal environment in China, and by the general state of
China's economy. Our operations in China are subject to special considerations
and significant risks not typically associated with companies in the United
States. These include risks associated with, among others, the political,
economic and legal environments and foreign currency exchange. Our results may
be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in the political, economic
and social conditions in China, and by changes in governmental policies with
respect to laws and regulations, changes in China's telecommunications industry
and regulatory rules and policies, anti-inflationary measures, currency
conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation.
Specifically, remittances from China which are of a capital nature, such as
the repayment of bank loans denominated in foreign currencies, require approval
from appropriate governmental authorities before Renminbi can be used to
purchase foreign currency. Although the payment of cash dividends is permitted
so long as our subsidiaries have sufficient reserves and adequate amounts of
Renminbi to purchase foreign currency, regulations restrict the ability of our
subsidiaries to transfer funds to us through intercompany loans and advances.
28
<PAGE>
We sell our products in China through a direct sales force. The evaluation
period for our products may span a year or more. Revenue from product sales is
recognized when title is passed and all significant contractual obligations have
been satisfied and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.
Cost of sales consists primarily of material costs, third party commissions,
costs associated with assembly and testing of products, costs associated with
installation and customer training and overhead and warranty costs. Cost of
sales also includes import taxes on components.
Our gross profit has been affected by material costs, product mix, average
selling prices, and the type of distribution channel through which we sell our
products. Our gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, varies among our
product families. The gross profits, as a percentage of net sales, on our mobile
phone handsets are very low. We expect that our overall gross profit, as a
percentage of net sales, will fluctuate from period to period as a result of
shifts in product mix, anticipated decreases in average selling prices and our
ability to reduce product costs.
Selling, general and administrative expenses include compensation and
benefits, professional fees, sales commissions, provision for uncollectible
accounts receivable and travel and entertainment costs. We intend to pursue
aggressive selling and marketing campaigns and to expand our direct sales
organization and, as a result, our sales and marketing expenses will increase in
future periods. We also expect that in support of our continued growth and our
operations as a public company general and administrative expenses will continue
to increase for the foreseeable future.
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries and related
costs of employees engaged in research, design and development activities, the
cost of parts for prototypes, equipment depreciation and third party development
expenses. We believe that continued investment in research and development is
critical to our long-term success. Accordingly, we expect that our research and
development expenses will increase in future periods.
In connection with the grant of stock options to some of our employees, we
recorded deferred compensation of $15.9 million during 1999, representing the
difference between the deemed fair value of common stock for accounting purposes
and the option exercise price for these options at the date of grant. In
connection with grants to non-employees during 1999, we recorded deferred
compensation of $7.4 million. Deferred compensation is presented as a reduction
of stockholders' equity, with amortization recorded over the vesting period of
the option. We recorded amortization of deferred stock compensation of
approximately $5.6 million during 1999. At December 31, 1999, approximately
$17.7 million remained to be amortized. The deferred stock compensation
amortization expense related to option grants to employees and non-employees for
2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 is expected to be $10.2 million, $4.7 million, $2.2
million and $0.6 million, respectively.
Amortization of intangible assets consists primarily of the amortization of
intangible assets associated with acquisitions in China and our acquisition of
the minority interest in our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary.
In 1999 in-process research and development costs resulted from our
acquisition of the minority interest in our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary in December
1999. Wacos, Inc. develops an IP-based multi-service telephone switching system
designed to support wired and wireless access for both mobile and fixed
telephony networking applications. The in-process research and development
projects had not reached technological feasibility and there was no alternative
future use. In 1995 in-process research and development costs resulted from our
acquisition of StarCom Network Systems, Inc. StarCom Network Systems, Inc., at
the time of acquisition, was in the process of developing software to support
additional functionality for telecom service providers' telecom platforms. We
successfully finalized the software development in 1996 resulting in the
introduction of a new component within our integrated product offering. In early
1999 we phased out this software to focus solely on the access equipment market.
Consolidated equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies comprises
our share of the earnings from our Guangdong manufacturing subsidiary.
29
<PAGE>
Under current regulations in China, foreign investment enterprises that have
been accredited as technologically advanced enterprises are entitled to
additional tax incentives. These tax incentives vary in different locales and
could include preferential national enterprise income tax treatment at 50% of
the usual rates for different periods of time. All of our active subsidiaries in
China were accredited as technologically advanced enterprises. The tax holidays
at two of our subsidiaries started to phase out in 1999. Our wholly owned China
subsidiary's income tax rate will rise from 0% in 1999 to 7.5% for 2000-2002 and
15% for 2003 and thereafter. Our Zhejiang subsidiary's income tax rate will rise
from 10% for 1999-2002 to 15% for 2003 and thereafter. The impact of these tax
increases is expected to reduce future net income.
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated subsidiaries represents
the share of earnings in our Zhejiang manufacturing subsidiary that is owned by
our subsidiary partner and, prior to the acquisition of our minority interest,
the share of losses in our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary not owned by us.
The beneficial conversion feature represents a charge to net income
resulting from a yield enhancement feature included in recent financing rounds
of preferred stock pursuant to which the preferred shares convert into common
shares on a one-for-one basis at a price below the expected offering price upon
completion of our initial public offering. This will result in a reduction of
net income available to common stockholders in the fiscal period ending
December 31, 1999 of approximately $30.0 million.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth the percentage of net sales represented by
certain items reflected in our consolidated statements of operations:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES:
Net sales................................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales............................................... 64.5 61.0 60.1
----- ----- -----
Gross profit................................................ 35.5 39.0 39.9
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative....................... 28.1 21.7 16.5
Research and development.................................. 11.8 13.9 9.3
Amortization of deferred stock compensation............... 0.0 0.4 2.9
Amortization of intangible assets......................... 0.1 0.1 0.2
In-process research and development....................... 0.0 0.0 2.1
----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses................................ 40.0 36.1 31.0
----- ----- -----
Operating income (loss)..................................... (4.5) 2.9 8.9
Interest and other income (expenses)........................ 2.7 (1.1) (1.2)
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies......... 0.1 (0.7) 0.7
----- ----- -----
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest..... (1.7) 1.1 8.4
Income tax expense (benefit)................................ 0.5 1.4 0.3
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries.............................................. 0.4 0.9 (1.1)
----- ----- -----
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................... (1.8) 0.6 7.0
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.................. 1.8 (0.8) (0.9)
----- ----- -----
Net income (loss)........................................... 0.0% (0.2)% 6.1%
===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
30
<PAGE>
COMPARISON OF YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997, 1998 AND 1999
NET SALES. Our net sales increased from $75.6 million in 1997 to
$105.2 million in 1998 and $187.5 million in 1999. The 39% increase from 1997 to
1998 and the 78% increase from 1998 to 1999 were primarily attributable to
significant increases in the sales volume of network access systems and, to a
lesser extent, mobile phone handsets. Sales growth in 1998 was partially offset
by a slowdown in the overall industry due to the restructuring of China's
telecommunications industry. Sales growth in 1999 reflected an increase in sales
volume of our Airstar system. In 1999, sales to Xian PTB and Kunming PTB
accounted for 30% and 11%, respectively, of our net sales. In 1997 and 1998 no
customers accounted for over 10% of our net sales.
GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit increased from $26.8 million in 1997 to
$41.0 million in 1998 and $74.8 million in 1999. The 1999 gross profit included
net charges for the provision for obsolete inventory that were $4.0 million
higher than in 1998, reflecting inventory growth to support the higher sales
level. The allowance for obsolete inventory as a percentage of inventory
declined from 10.6% at the end of 1998 to 10.4% at the end of 1999 because the
end-1999 inventory contained a larger percentage of recently purchased goods
than the end-1998 inventory. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, was 36%
in 1997, 39% in 1998 and 40% in 1999. Gross profit, as a percentage of net
sales, improved in each period primarily due to manufacturing economies of scale
and significant increases in sales of higher margin network access products and
a shift in product mix toward higher margin network access products.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE. Selling, general and administrative
expenses increased from $21.2 million in 1997 to $22.8 million in 1998 and
$30.9 million in 1999. The increase from 1997 to 1998 was primarily due to
increased sales and administrative personnel associated with the growth in net
sales and the expansion of our overall level of business activity. The increase
from 1998 to 1999 was primarily due to increased sales and administrative
personnel associated with the growth in net sales and the expansion of our
overall level of business activity. The increase from 1998 to 1999 was also due
to a $2.8 million increase in the provision for uncollectible accounts,
reflecting an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of
accounts receivable from 6.2% at the end of 1998 to 8.0% at the end of 1999, to
reflect the credit risk associated with the significant increase in net sales.
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales were
28% in 1997, 22% in 1998 and 17% in 1999. Selling, general and administrative
expenses as a percentage of net sales declined during these periods due to
economies of scale associated with the significant increases in net sales.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Research and development expenses increased from
$8.9 million in 1997 to $14.7 million in 1998 and $17.4 million in 1999. These
increases were primarily due to the hiring of additional technical personnel and
the purchase of laboratory tools and test equipment necessary to support our
product development efforts. Research and development expenses as a percentage
of net sales were 12% in 1997, 14% in 1998 and 9% in 1999.
AMORTIZATION OF DEFERRED STOCK COMPENSATION. Amortization of deferred stock
compensation increased from $0 in 1997 to $0.4 million in 1998 and $5.6 million
in 1999. This amortization was due to deferred compensation of approximately
$23.3 million related to certain stock option grants to employees and
non-employees which we are amortizing over the vesting periods of the applicable
options beginning in 1999.
AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS. Amortization of intangible assets was
$40,000 in 1997, $120,000 in 1998 and $332,000 in 1999. The increase in
amortization of intangible assets from 1997 to 1998 was primarily due to the
increase in our investment in our Guangdong manufacturing subsidiary and the
addition of amortization of our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary. The increase in
amortization of intangible assets from 1998 to 1999 was due to the increase in
amortization associated with our December 1999 acquisition of the portion of our
Wacos, Inc. subsidiary owned by the minority shareholders.
31
<PAGE>
IN-PROCESS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS. In-process research and
development costs resulted from our acquisition of the non-affiliated minority
interest in our Wacos, Inc., subsidiary in December 1999. The aggregate purchase
price of Wacos, Inc. was approximately $28.0 million which, based upon an
independent appraisal by Willamette Management Associates of all the assets
acquired and liabilities assumed, was allocated to the specifically identifiable
tangible and intangible assets acquired. Intangible assets included
approximately $4.0 million of in-process research and development which was
charged to operations in December 1999, $0.2 million of assembled workforce and
approximately $23.6 million of excess purchase price over the fair market values
of the tangible and identified intangible assets, which is being amortized over
periods of three to five years.
The values of Wacos, Inc.'s in-process research and development projects
were estimated by an excess income approach. Management revenue and operating
expense projections were reduced by appropriate amounts to reflect a fair return
on the net tangible and collateral intangible assets to be employed in realizing
the forecasted net incomes. The resulting forecasted "excess" income figures
were discounted to present value using a 40% rate of return, reflecting the
technological, market and other risks associated with the subject technologies
and future products. The discounted excess incomes were summed and then, in
accordance with methodology approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission,
reduced by any appropriate percentage completion factor for each project to
account for the anticipated remaining research and development factors.
The three main components of the integrated WACOS product are not yet
considered to have reached technological feasibility. The initial release date
is due late 2000 with second and third phases being released through late 2002.
Significant cash inflows resulting from these projects are expected to begin in
late 2000. We estimate operating costs to complete these WACOS projects will be
approximately $5.8 million in 2000 and approximately $8.9 million in 2001. If
the development completion dates are not met the key risk is considered the
potential lost opportunity to hold a unique competitive advantage.
The current projects provide the ability to service over 400,000
subscribers, a higher number of users than previously available, and various
China specific adaptations that are not available in other products.
INTEREST INCOME (EXPENSES). Interest income was $2.0 million in 1997 and
interest expenses were $0.1 million in 1998 and $1.0 million in 1999. The change
in interest income (expenses) in each period was primarily due to increased
interest charges on higher average debt balances combined with decreased
interest income from lower average cash balances.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES). Other income was $5,000 in 1997 and other expenses
were $1.0 million in 1998 and $1.2 million in 1999. The change from 1997 to 1998
was primarily due to a $1.3 million loss on one investment. The 1999 other
expenses included a $1.0 million loss on asset sales.
EQUITY IN NET INCOME (LOSS) OF AFFILIATED COMPANIES. Consolidated equity in
net income of affiliated companies was $0.1 million in 1997, consolidated equity
in net loss of affiliated companies was $0.8 million in 1998 and consolidated
equity in net income of affiliated companies was $1.3 million in 1999. Net sales
at our Guangdong manufacturing subsidiary increased from $8.6 million in 1997 to
$11.0 million in 1998 and $16.0 million in 1999. The 28% increase from 1997 to
1998 and the 46% increase from 1998 to 1999 were primarily attributable to
increases in the sales volume of network access systems. Gross profit, as a
percentage of net sales, was 12% in 1997, 19% in 1998 and 15% in 1999. Gross
profit, as a percentage of net sales, fluctuated during 1997, 1998 and 1999
primarily due to changes in the product mix sold. Operating expenses increased
by $0.1 million in 1998 and by $0.2 million in 1999 to support the increased
levels of business. In 1998, net income at our Guangdong manufacturing
subsidiary was reduced by $1.1 million primarily due to purchases of inventory
from other UTStarcom entities which remained unsold at December 31, 1998. In
1999, net income at our
32
<PAGE>
Guangdong manufacturing subsidiary was increased by $0.9 million due to the sale
of the intercompany inventories purchased prior to January 1, 1999.
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT). Income tax expense was $0.4 million in 1997,
$1.4 million in 1998 and $0.6 million in 1999 reflecting our increasing income
and required adjustments to our deferred tax asset valuation allowance. The 1999
tax also reflected tax incentives and a one time tax refund of $0.4 million in
China. We were granted tax holidays for our wholly owned China subsidiary and
our Zhejiang manufacturing subsidiary which started to phase out in 1999. The
net impact of these tax holidays was to decrease net loss from continuing
operations by approximately $0.9 million in 1997, increase net income from
continuing operations by approximately $0.3 million in 1998, and increase net
income from continuing operations by approximately $4.5 million in 1999. Our
wholly owned China subsidiary's income tax rate is expected to rise from 0% in
1999 to 7.5% for 2000-2002 and 15% for 2003 and thereafter. Our Zhejiang
manufacturing subsidiary's income tax rate is expected to rise from 10% for
1999-2002 to 15% for 2003 and thereafter. The impact of these tax increases is
expected to reduce future net income. We have not provided for U.S. taxes on our
foreign subsidiaries' undistributed earnings because such earnings are intended
to be indefinitely reinvested in those subsidiaries.
MINORITY INTEREST IN (EARNINGS) LOSS OF CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES. Minority
interest in the loss of consolidated subsidiaries was $0.3 million in 1997 and
$0.9 million in 1998. Minority interest in the earnings of consolidated
subsidiaries was $2.1 million in 1999. The change from 1997 to 1998 was a result
of increased research and development spending at our Wacos, Inc. subsidiary and
increased losses at our Zhejiang manufacturing subsidiary. The change from 1998
to 1999 was due to the increased profitability at our Zhejiang manufacturing
subsidiary in 1999.
BENEFICIAL CONVERSION FEATURE. The issuance of Series F preferred stock
included a beneficial conversion feature pursuant to which the preferred shares
convert into common shares on a one-for-one basis at a price below the expected
offering price upon the completion of our initial public offering. This will
result in a charge to net income in 1999 of approximately $29.98 million,
reducing diluted earnings per share by $3.45.
33
<PAGE>
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following tables present unaudited quarterly statement of operations
data, in dollars and as a percentage of net sales, for each of the six quarters
ended December 31, 1999. This unaudited quarterly information has been prepared
on the same basis as the annual information presented elsewhere in this
prospectus and reflects all normal non-recurring adjustments that we consider
necessary for a fair presentation of such information in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. The operating results for any quarter
are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
THREE MONTHS ENDED
--------------------------------------------------------------------
SEPT. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUNE 30, SEPT. 30, DEC. 31,
1998 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999
--------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PERCENTAGES)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales..................................... $31,352 $25,289 $27,551 $42,131 $55,019 $62,815
Cost of sales................................. 19,324 16,129 17,952 23,873 31,956 38,910
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit.................................. 12,028 9,160 9,599 18,258 23,063 23,905
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative......... 6,216 5,150 5,587 8,292 8,755 8,232
Research and development.................... 3,668 4,200 4,045 4,138 4,307 4,873
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.............................. -- 412 601 674 2,484 1,794
Amortization of intangible assets........... 22 55 37 37 38 220
In-process research and development......... -- -- -- -- -- 3,992
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses.................. 9,906 9,817 10,270 13,141 15,584 19,111
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)....................... 2,122 (657) (671) 5,117 7,479 4,794
Interest and other income (expenses).......... (370) (910) (220) (489) 22 (1,525)
Equity in income (loss) of affiliated
companies................................... (422) (397) 190 702 92 364
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest.................................... 1,330 (1,964) (701) 5,330 7,593 3,633
Income tax expense (benefit).................. 185 586 (28) 213 303 138
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of
consolidated subsidiaries................... 734 612 (486) (103) (644) (877)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing operations...... 1,879 (1,938) (1,159) 5,014 6,646 2,618
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.... (454) (97) (267) (1,389) -- --
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)............................. $ 1,425 $(2,035) $(1,426) $ 3,625 $ 6,646 $ 2,618
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
AS A PERCENTAGE OF NET SALES:
Net sales..................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales................................. 61.6 63.8 65.2 56.7 58.1 61.9
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit.................................. 38.4 36.2 34.8 43.3 41.9 38.1
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative......... 19.8 20.4 20.3 19.7 15.9 13.1
Research and development.................... 11.7 16.6 14.7 9.8 7.8 7.8
Amortization of deferred stock
compensation.............................. 0.0 1.6 2.1 1.6 4.6 2.8
Amortization of intangible assets........... 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4
In-process research and development......... -- -- -- -- -- 6.4
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses.................. 31.6 38.8 37.2 31.2 28.4 30.5
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Operating income (loss)....................... 6.8 (2.6) (2.4) 12.1 13.5 7.6
Interest and other income (expenses).......... (1.2) (3.6) (0.8) (1.2) 0.0 (2.4)
Equity in income (loss) of affiliated
companies................................... (1.3) (1.6) 0.7 1.7 0.2 0.6
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest.................................... 4.3 (7.8) (2.5) 12.6 13.7 5.8
Income tax expense (benefit).................. 0.6 2.3 (0.1) 0.5 0.6 0.2
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of
consolidated subsidiaries................... 2.3 2.4 (1.8) (0.2) (1.2) (1.4)
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from continuing operations...... 6.0 (7.7) (4.2) 11.9 11.9 4.2
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.... (1.4) (0.4) (1.0) (3.3) 0.0 0.0
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)............................. 4.6% (8.1)% (5.2)% 8.6% 11.9% 4.2%
======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
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Our net sales have increased in each quarter since the fourth quarter of
1998. The increase in net sales was primarily due to significant increases in
sales of network access products, particularly our Airstar system. Sales during
the third and fourth quarters of 1998 were negatively impacted by the weaker
demand experienced during the reorganization of the telecommunications industry
in China. Business activity in China declines significantly during the first
quarter of each year in observance of the Lunar New Year. Although the usual
seasonal slowdown was present during the first quarter of 1999, it was not
evident because of the relatively low level of fourth quarter 1998 sales.
Gross profit has increased in absolute dollars in each quarter since the
fourth quarter of 1998. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to
significant increases in sales of network access products, particularly our
Airstar system. Gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, has fluctuated from
quarter to quarter primarily due to product mix. The decrease in gross profit,
as a percentage of net sales, from the third quarter to the fourth quarter of
1998 was primarily due to decreases in sales volume and price pressures
resulting from a slowdown in the overall industry due to the restructuring of
China's telecommunications industry. The decrease in gross profit, as a
percentage of net sales, from the fourth quarter of 1998 to the first quarter of
1999 was due in part to normal seasonality as well as the continuing effects on
the overall industry due to the restructuring of China's telecommunications
industry. The increase in gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, from the
first quarter of 1999 to the second quarter of 1999 was primarily due to the
significant increases in sales of higher margin network access products and a
shift in product mix toward higher margin network access products. The decreases
in gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, from the second quarter of 1999
to the third quarter of 1999 and from the third quarter of 1999 to the fourth
quarter of 1999 were primarily due to the changes in product mix toward lower
margin network access products, including handsets. Our gross profit, as a
percentage of net sales, has fluctuated in the past and is likely to continue to
fluctuate in large part due to the volatility of the volume of sales of lower
margin mobile phone handsets and competitive pricing pressure across product
lines. As a result, we believe period to period comparisons are not necessarily
meaningful and should not be relied upon as indicative of future results.
Operating expenses have generally increased in absolute dollars over the
quarters shown as we have increased staffing in research and development, sales
and marketing and administrative functions. The recent decline in selling,
general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales reflects the
relatively higher sales level as well as a leveling off of the proportion of
expenses that are variable to sales, such as commissions. Research and
development expenses as a percentage of net sales have generally declined as our
net sales have increased.
Our quarterly operating results have fluctuated in the past and are likely
to fluctuate in the future as a result of a variety of factors. These factors,
some of which are beyond our control, include:
- the timing, number and size of orders for our products as well as product
mix;
- market acceptance of our products and product enhancements;
- the evolving and unpredictable nature of the economic, regulatory and
political environments in China and other countries in which we market or
plan to market our products;
- longer collection periods of accounts receivable in China and other
countries;
- the lengthy and unpredictable sales cycles associated with sales of our
products;
- our ability to secure and maintain regulatory and governmental
authorizations for our products; and
- the decline in business activity in the first quarter associated with the
Lunar New Year.
Our net sales and gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, have also
fluctuated and are likely to continue to fluctuate in large part due to the
volatility of the volume of sales of lower margin mobile phone handsets and
competitive pricing pressure across product lines. As a result of the foregoing
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factors, we believe period to period comparisons are not necessarily meaningful
and should not be relied upon as indicative of future results.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since our inception, we have financed our operations through private sales
of equity securities and, to a lesser degree, bank lines of credit. We have a
line of credit arrangement with Bank of China permitting Renminbi-denominated
borrowings of up to $48.2 million. This facility bears interest at rates ranging
from 5.6% to 6.4% and matures from February to July 2000. At December 31, 1999,
the equivalent of $27.1 million was outstanding under this facility. We also
have a line of credit with Commercial Bank of Hangzhou permitting
Renminbi-denominated borrowings of up to $12.0 million. This facility bears
interest at 6.4% and matures in October 2000. At December 31, 1999, the
equivalent of $6.0 million was outstanding under this facility. In June 1998, we
entered into a loan agreement with SOFTBANK. We borrowed a total of
$25.0 million in June 1998. Borrowings under this facility were repaid in full
in December 1999. In December 1998, we guaranteed a bank loan incurred by one of
our customers in the amount of $1.6 million in conjunction with the sale of
equipment. As of December 31, 1999, we had working capital of $126.6 million,
including $87.4 million in cash and cash equivalents and $34.6 million worth of
Renminbi-denominated bank borrowings. In November and December 1999, we secured
private equity financing totaling $55.0 million, including $5.0 million
resulting from the exercise of an option held by Intel Pacific, Inc. We intend
to use the proceeds from this option exercise for working capital and general
corporate purposes.
We plan to invest $10.0 million in an investment fund to be established by
SOFTBANK focused on investments in Internet companies in China. Our investment
will constitute 10% of the funding for the SOFTBANK investment fund, with
SOFTBANK contributing the remaining 90%. We will be a passive investor and have
no decision-making authority with respect to investments by the fund. The fund
will have a separate management team, and none of our employees will be employed
by the fund. One of our directors will serve as the Chief Executive Officer of
the fund, and our Chief Executive Officer will be chairman of the board of the
fund. We will not be obligated to pay, nor will we receive, any fees in
connection with services provided to the fund. We do not know what material fees
will be paid to or by SOFTBANK or any other parties in connection with services
provided to the fund. None of the proceeds from this offering will be invested
in the fund. We have not yet entered into written agreements with SOFTBANK for
the creation and operation of the fund.
As of December 31, 1999, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling
$87.4 million. Of this amount, $4.6 million was restricted. Of the restricted
amount, $2.4 million related to cash from asset sales pending completion of
contractual obligations, $0.6 million was for collateral on letters of credit
and $1.5 million was collateral for a bank loan.
Net cash used in operations was $26.6 million in 1997 and $47.0 million in
1998. Net cash provided by operations was $10.8 million in 1999. The increase in
net cash used by operations from 1997 to 1998 was primarily a result of an
increase in accounts receivable levels associated with net sales growth. The net
cash provided by operations in 1999 was primarily a result of increased
profitability and cash collections, partly offset by an increase in inventory
levels.
Net cash used in investing activities was $4.9 million in 1997,
$3.4 million in 1998 and $3.2 million in 1999. These expenditures included
additions to property, plant and equipment of $3.7 million in 1997,
$2.3 million in 1998 and $3.6 million in 1999.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $48.2 million in 1997,
$33.2 million in 1998 and $61.7 million in 1999. Net cash provided by financing
activities in 1997 primarily consisted of net proceeds from the sale of
preferred stock and receipts from a shareholder note, which was partially offset
by a distribution to shareholders. Net cash provided by financing activities in
1998 primarily consisted of borrowings of $25.0 million from SOFTBANK under a
short-term line of credit. Net cash provided by financing activities in 1999
primarily consisted of net proceeds from the sale of preferred
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stock and borrowings under an existing line of credit, which was used in part to
repay indebtedness to SOFTBANK.
Our international sales are generally denominated in local currencies. Due
to the limitations on converting Renminbi, we are limited in our ability to
engage in currency hedging activities in China. We do not currently engage in
currency hedging activities with respect to any other currencies. Although the
impact of currency fluctuations to date has been insignificant, we cannot
guarantee that fluctuations in currency exchange rates in the future will not
have a material adverse effect on revenues from international sales and,
correspondingly, on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We believe that the net proceeds of this offering, together with cash
generated from operations and funds available under our credit facilities, will
be sufficient to meet our capital requirements for at least the next 12 months.
Our future cash requirements will depend on many factors, including but not
limited to:
- the extent to which average sales prices for our products decline;
- the levels at which we maintain inventory;
- the timing and extent of spending to support product development;
- sales and marketing and customer support efforts;
- the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing
products; and
- market acceptance of our products.
To the extent that the funds generated by this offering, together with
existing resources and future earnings, are insufficient to fund our future
activities, we may need to raise additional funds through public or private
financing, which could include the issuance of additional equity. We are also
exploring the possibility of securing additional equity investments by third
parties in our joint ventures in China. We cannot assure you that additional
financing will be available or that, if available, such financing will be
obtainable on favorable terms.
IMPACT OF YEAR 2000
Many currently installed computer systems and software products are coded to
accept only two-digit entries in date code fields. Beginning in the year 2000,
these date code fields will need to accept four-digit entries to distinguish
21st century dates from 20th century dates. Computer programs or hardware that
have date-sensitive software or embedded chips and have not been upgraded to
comply with these "year 2000" requirements may recognize a date using "00" as
the year 1900 rather that the year 2000. This could result in a system failure
or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among other
things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices or engage
in similar normal business activities.
GENERAL READINESS ASSESSMENT. The year 2000 problem can affect the
computers, software and other equipment that we use in our operations. As a
result, we instituted a year 2000 compliance plan, implemented by a team of our
internal information technology staff responsible for monitoring the assessment
and remediation of our year 2000 projects and reporting that status to our
executive staff. This project team has assessed the potential effect and costs
of remediating the year 2000 problem for our internal systems.
ASSESSMENT OF OUR PRODUCTS. We have assessed the ability of our products to
operate properly in the year 2000. We believe that our current products are year
2000 compliant. Since January 1, 2000, we have not experienced any problems with
our products related to the year 2000 problem. Accordingly, we do not believe
that the year 2000 issue presents a material exposure as it relates to our
products.
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ASSESSMENT OF INTERNAL INFRASTRUCTURE. We believe that we have identified
most of the major computers, software applications and related equipment used in
connection with our internal operations that need to be evaluated to determine
if they must be modified, upgraded or replaced to minimize the possibility of a
material disruption to our business. Based on a review of these computer
systems, we have determined that our computer systems and applications are
compliant with the year 2000 format. Since January 1, 2000, we have not
experienced any problems with our computer systems or applications related to
the year 2000 problem.
SYSTEMS OTHER THAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS. In addition to computers
and related systems, the operation of office and facilities equipment, such as
fax machines, telephone switches, security systems and other common devices, may
be affected by the year 2000 problem. We have assessed the potential effect of
the year 2000 problem on our office and facilities equipment and have determined
that no problems exist that cannot be remediated by the replacement of
relatively inexpensive equipment. Since January 1, 2000, we have not experienced
any problems with our office and facilities equipment related to the year 2000
problem.
COSTS OF REMEDIATION. Our total cost of completing required modifications,
upgrades or replacements of our internal systems was less than $100,000. Based
on the activities described above, we do not believe that the year 2000 problem
will have a material adverse effect on our business or operating results.
SUPPLIERS. As part of our review of the year 2000 problem, we contacted
third-party suppliers of components and key contractors used in the assembly of
our products to identify and, to the extent possible, resolve issues involving
the year 2000 problem. However, we have limited or no control over the actions
of these third-party suppliers and subcontractors. Thus, while we believe that
we have resolved any significant year 2000 problems with these third parties,
there can be no assurance that these suppliers have resolved any or all year
2000 problems before the occurrence of a material disruption to the operation of
our business. Any failure on the part of these third parties to timely resolve
year 2000 problems with their systems could have a material adverse effect on
our business. Since January 1, 2000, we have not experienced any disruption in
our business or operations resulting from any year 2000 problems of any of our
third-party suppliers or contractors.
MOST LIKELY CONSEQUENCES OF YEAR 2000 PROBLEMS. We believe that we have
identified and resolved all year 2000 problems that could materially adversely
affect our business operations. Since January 1, 2000, we have not experienced
any year 2000 problems that have affected our business and operations. However,
we believe that it is not possible to determine with complete certainty that all
year 2000 problems affecting us have been identified or corrected. The number of
devices and systems that could be affected and the interactions among these
devices and systems are too numerous to address. In addition, no one can
accurately predict whether failures will occur as a result of the year 2000
problem or the severity, timing, duration or financial consequences of these
potential failures. As a result, we believe that the following consequences are
possible:
- a significant number of operational inconveniences and inefficiencies for
us, our contract manufacturers and our customers that will divert
management's time and attention and financial and human resources from
ordinary business activities;
- possible business disputes and claims, including claims under product
warranty, due to year 2000 problems experienced by our customers and
incorrectly attributed to our products, which we believe will be resolved
in the ordinary course of business; and
- a few serious business disputes alleging that we failed to comply with the
terms of contracts or industry standards of performance, some of which
could result in litigation or contract termination.
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CONTINGENCY PLANS. We have developed contingency plans to be implemented if
our efforts to identify and correct year 2000 problems affecting our internal
systems are not effective. Depending on the systems affected, these plans
include:
- accelerated replacement of affected equipment or software;
- short- to medium-term use of backup equipment or software or other
redundant systems;
- increased work hours for our personnel or the hiring of additional
information technology staff; and
- the use of contract personnel to correct, on an accelerated basis, any
year 2000 problems that arise or to provide interim alternate solutions
for information system deficiencies.
Our implementation of any of these strategies could have a material adverse
effect on our business.
DISCLAIMER. The discussion of our efforts and expectations relating to year
2000 compliance are forward-looking statements. Our ability to achieve year 2000
compliance, and the level of incremental costs associated therewith, could be
adversely affected by, among other things, the availability and cost of contract
personnel and external resources, third-party suppliers' ability to modify
proprietary software and unanticipated problems not identified in the ongoing
compliance review.
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BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
We provide communications equipment for service providers that operate
wireless and wireline networks in rapidly growing communications markets. To
date, substantially all of our sales have been to service providers in China.
Our integrated suite of network access systems, optical transmission products
and subscriber terminal products allows service providers to offer efficient and
expandable voice, data and Internet access services. Because our systems are
based on key international communications standards, service providers can
easily integrate our systems into their existing networks and deploy our systems
in new broadband, Internet Protocol, or IP, and wireless network rollouts.
Our integrated suite of products consists of Airstar, AN-2000, OMUX and
WACOS. Our Airstar network access system allows service providers to offer voice
and data services over fixed wireless and city-wide wireless mobile networks.
With over 900,000 lines installed at 12 large commercial sites, we believe that
Airstar is the most widely deployed wireless local access system in China. For
wireline networks, we provide a broadband-ready access system called AN-2000.
Over 1.2 million lines of our wireline AN-2000 access system have been deployed
in China, including deployments in the six largest regional communications
markets. Our optical multiplexing, or OMUX, products provide optical
transmission and are often bundled with our AN-2000 and Airstar systems. The
OMUX, either as a stand-alone or bundled product, is currently installed at over
5,000 locations for over 200 communications service providers. Our newest
product, WACOS, is an IP-based switch designed to deliver multiple voice and
data services using a highly distributed architecture. We expect to begin
initial shipments of WACOS in 2000. Our access and switching systems are
currently designed to address the unique performance requirements of rapidly
expanding communications infrastructure markets such as China.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
COMMUNICATIONS NEEDS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. Demand for voice and data
communications services in developing nations continues to grow rapidly and is
driven by both public sector infrastructure investment and private sector
business growth. The governments of many developing countries have identified
the development of a communications infrastructure as a key driver of
modernization and economic growth. According to a 1998 report by the
International Telecommunication Union, developing countries are investing in
communications infrastructure at a rate of $53.1 billion annually, representing
31.9% of all communications infrastructure spending worldwide. Governments are
increasingly implementing and funding infrastructure development through
privatization of state-owned telecommunications service providers. These service
providers, in turn, are deploying advanced networks for voice and data services.
In addition, increasingly affluent businesses and residential consumers in the
highest growth regions of these countries are demanding state-of-the-art voice
and data communications solutions to interact and compete on a global basis.
GROWTH IN CHINA'S COMMUNICATIONS MARKET. China has one of the fastest
growing communications markets in the world. Growth in China's communications
equipment and services markets is being driven by the government's commitment to
developing a communications infrastructure, pent-up demand for communication
services and robust economic growth. Dataquest estimates that the market for
communications equipment and services in China will grow from $44.2 billion in
1998 to $89.9 billion in 2002, representing a compound annual growth rate of
19.4%. Dataquest forecasts that the market for access equipment in China will
grow at a compound annual rate of 32.8% from 1998 to 2002. This market
represents the fastest growing segment of the communications market in China and
the fastest growing access equipment market in the world. China's demand for
communication services is highlighted by its relatively low teledensity rate,
which is a measure of the number of lines per hundred people. According to 1998
statistics from the International Telecommunication Union, China,
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with a population of 1.3 billion, has a teledensity rate of only 7.0% compared
to teledensity rates in Brazil of 12.1%, in Western Europe of 53.1%, in Hong
Kong of 55.8% and in the United States of 66.1%. While growth in the China
communications market is currently driven predominantly by voice services, the
increasing demand for data services presents a growing opportunity. The
Strategis Group and BDA China Limited estimate that Internet subscribers in
China will grow from 2.1 million in 1998 to 40.4 million in 2003, representing a
compound annual growth rate of 80.6%. China's ability to invest heavily in its
communications infrastructure is fueled by the country's strong economic
activity, primarily in its coastal provinces which represented 41.1% of China's
gross domestic product of $961 billion in 1998. In addition, the World Bank
estimates China's GDP will grow at a compound annual rate of 7% from 1999 to
2003.
STRUCTURE OF CHINA'S TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY. Historically, the China
Telecom system was the sole provider of public telecommunications services in
China. In 1993, the State Council, in an effort to promote competition, began
issuing licenses to new telecommunications operators including China United
Telecommunications Corporation, or Unicom, a provider of mobile communication
services, and Jitong Communications Co., Ltd., a provider of data communications
and Internet access services. In February 1999, the State Council approved a
restructuring plan for the China Telecom system. The plan separated the
telecommunications operations of the China Telecom system along four business
lines: fixed line, mobile, paging and satellite communications services. Under
the new structure, a new state-owned company, China Mobile, holds and operates
the nationwide mobile communications assets. China Mobile also controls China
Telecom (Hong Kong) Limited, a public company, that operates cellular services
in six of China's provinces. A new state-owned company, China Satellite, holds
and operates the satellite assets. The paging operations have been merged into
Unicom. China Telecom holds and operates the fixed line telephone and data
communications assets. China Telecom operates through a network of approximately
2,400 local level telephone companies called Posts and Telecommunications
Bureaus, or PTBs. PTBs are responsible for purchasing, installing and operating
the voice and data communications services in their local markets.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY. The China
telecommunications industry is regulated at the national, provincial and local
levels. At the national level, the Ministry of Information Industry, or MII,
regulates the industry. The MII was established in March 1998 to assume the
regulatory, administrative and other governmental duties of the former Ministry
of Posts and Telecommunications. The MII has broad authority to regulate all
aspects of the telecommunications and information technology industries in China
including managing spectrum bandwidths, setting network equipment specifications
and standards, regulating the Internet and drafting laws and regulations related
to the electronics and telecommunications industries. We believe that the MII's
general telecommunications equipment strategy is to ensure that China's
infrastructure is based on advanced open architectures that are expandable, cost
efficient and quickly deployed. The MII also oversees the 33 Post and
Telecommunications Administrations, or PTAs, that have regulatory responsibility
over the telecommunications industry in their respective provinces. In China
today, each PTA oversees all local PTBs in its region and approves a subset of
telecommunications products that meet MII standards from which PTBs can then
select the specific products they purchase, install and operate. Although
historically the MII has shared regulation and operation of China's
telecommunications industry with the China Telecom system, as part of the
Chinese government's industry restructuring, the regulatory functions of the MII
and the PTAs are in the process of being separated from the operational
functions of the state-owned PTBs under their control. Following this
separation, it is expected that the MII will act exclusively as the industry
regulator and that the local PTBs will act exclusively as operators. Given the
multi-level regulatory environment, equipment providers in China must generally
market intensively to all three levels of the communications industry.
COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IN CHINA. The development of China's
communications infrastructure involves not only installing a nationwide network
of high-bandwidth fiber-optic backbones, but also locally connecting each
business and residential subscriber to these backbones. The
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systems of wireline or wireless connections that link local subscribers to these
backbone networks are often referred to as the "last mile" or the local access
network. Because of the high growth rate, geographic dispersion and diverse
communications needs of residences and businesses in China, the direct wiring of
subscribers to the backbone network using traditional copper connections is a
lengthy, costly and inefficient process. Direct wiring of subscribers to
traditional telephone switches often locks those subscribers into a limited set
of communications services and limits expandability and migration to other
services. In contrast, service providers in China require communications
equipment that allows them to rollout different services quickly, efficiently
and cost-effectively. Given the relative absence of a legacy communications
infrastructure, these service providers are less constrained and thus often
deploy the latest, "best-of-breed" systems with the flexibility to handle future
services such as data. This is true in both the local access networks and the
backbone networks.
A new trend in access network design is the use of remote nodes that push
network intelligence closer to a group of subscribers, thus making it easier and
more efficient to deliver multiple services from the backbone network to
subscribers at the local level. These nodes use a standard digital protocol
known as V5.2 to communicate with backbone networks. This open protocol allows
equipment from various vendors to be interconnected seamlessly and allows
service providers to deliver a variety of services from multiple backbones over
the same access network thus reducing costs. By deploying small, intelligent
nodes close to subscribers, service providers can deploy fewer central office
switches, each covering larger areas, optimizing manageability and lowering
per-subscriber cost. Because of these benefits, service providers in China are
deploying open architecture switches capable of interacting with access networks
at most new installations.
Another new trend can be seen in the backbone network, where an increasing
portion of traffic travels across IP-based systems instead of traditional voice
systems using circuit switches. IP-based architectures differ fundamentally from
circuit-switched architectures in the way information travels from point to
point through networks. IP-based technology does not require a dedicated
connection or circuit between the callers. Instead, the caller's voice is
divided into numerous small packages of information called packets. These
packets are sent over the network intermixed with other packets of data, such as
fax, email or Internet content, to be reassembled at the destination of the
call. In contrast, traditional telephone technology requires that a circuit
between the callers be established and maintained during the length of the call,
and voice and data cannot easily be transmitted simultaneously over this
circuit. This is inefficient because much of a phone call is silence which
effectively wastes capacity on the circuit. This inefficiency has caused service
providers to seek new switches based on IP-based technology.
NEEDS OF CHINA'S COMMUNICATIONS SERVICE PROVIDERS. Service providers in
China often require network solutions with a suite of integrated products that
address all of their access needs, including wireline and wireless, voice and
data. These comprehensive product offerings enable service providers to quickly,
and with minimal incremental investment, address the changing demands of their
subscribers for expanded or more advanced services over time. Service providers
also require solutions that are based on widely-adopted international
communications standards to ease installation and avoid duplicate buildout of
separate networks. In addition, given the rapid growth in China's emerging
communications market, network solutions must be efficient and expandable so
that the same architecture can provide an affordable entry level solution for as
few as hundreds of subscribers yet economically extend to hundreds of thousands
of subscribers over time. Additionally, service providers in China will often
require the vendors to continually develop products to meet evolving market
needs and to have a local service and support presence.
Although markets such as China represent substantial opportunities for
communications equipment vendors, to date, few companies have delivered the
combination of leading technology, market specific products and a local presence
that service providers require.
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THE UTSTARCOM SOLUTION
Our wireless and wireline access and switching systems are designed to
deliver the following key benefits to service providers:
INTEGRATED, COMPREHENSIVE PRODUCT OFFERING. By offering communications
systems that link the backbone network, the access network and subscribers'
premises, we supply service providers with solutions that enable them to quickly
deploy services to subscribers. For the implementation of completely new
networks, which is typical in China, service providers can choose to deploy our
complete suite of product offerings. By contrast, for locations where some
network infrastructure is already in place, service providers can deploy a
subset of our products and integrate them into their existing networks.
Furthermore, as subscriber needs evolve from voice to data, we offer solutions
to meet these needs. All of our products can be managed from a single integrated
management station through the use of our Netman software.
FLEXIBILITY FOR VOICE AND DATA SERVICES. We have designed our systems to
offer a high degree of flexibility in terms of the number of subscribers and
types of traffic delivered to those subscribers. Our equipment can be flexibly
configured to offer a variety of services in response to subscriber demand. This
flexibility is particularly important in China, as the communications services
market is undergoing rapid change and growth. As Internet usage achieves greater
penetration in China, service providers will desire systems which are designed
to deliver high-speed data capability. Our access systems allow service
providers to quickly and cost-effectively implement upgrades for new services,
including high-speed data capability, compared to alternative solutions which
may require the purchase of an entirely new system to provide these services.
LEADING PRICE AND PERFORMANCE SOLUTION. All of our products are based on a
modular design, using cost effective off-the-shelf components wherever possible
and realizing most of the products' added value through our software. By
delivering a modular system, we allow service providers to purchase only the
functionality and capacity needed and to purchase additional functionality and
capacity over time as subscriber demand warrants. In response to large pent-up
demand, most service providers in China are currently delivering voice services.
However, we expect demand for data services to increase dramatically in China.
To meet this growing demand, service providers will be able to deliver data
traffic with modular upgrades to our systems rather than through large-scale
purchases of replacement equipment. Furthermore, as demand for communications
services in China grows, our expandable systems will allow service providers to
grow from a small initial subscriber base to hundreds of thousands of
subscribers in a cost-effective and efficient manner.
ARCHITECTURE BASED ON WIDELY ADOPTED COMMUNICATION STANDARDS. Our products
are designed to comply with widely adopted international open communication
standards for multi-vendor interoperability, which are consistent with standards
established by the MII. For example, we were one of the first companies to
deliver an access system to the China market that incorporated an open
interface, known as the V5.2 protocol, to central office switches. The open
interface is a technology that allows service providers to connect our products
to equipment from multiple vendors and thus integrate multiple voice and data
traffic types within one system. In this manner an operator can deploy our
system for voice services first, but offer mobile or Internet services at a
later time as the market for these services develops. Furthermore, our
compliance with open standards lowers costs by permitting service providers to
shorten evaluation times and ease integration of our products with other systems
in the service providers' networks.
LOCAL PRESENCE. We have established a strong local presence in China that
allows us to be responsive to the needs of service providers and their
subscribers. We manufacture our products primarily at two facilities located in
the cities of Huizhou in Guangdong province and Hangzhou in Zhejiang province
that are owned by joint ventures between us and affiliates of the corresponding
PTAs. By using local facilities in China, we have helped create new jobs within
the provinces and have strengthened our relationships with the PTAs in some of
China's most modernized and rapidly growing
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provinces. We also maintain nine sales and customer support sites in China that
allow us to deploy a customer support representative onsite anywhere in China
within 24 hours. Our sales force develops direct relationships with decision
makers at both the provincial and the local levels through pre-sales design and
consulting services, as well as performing more traditional product sales
functions. Additionally, through our relationships at the national, provincial
and local levels we receive a continuous flow of information on market changes
and insight into unique service provider needs and related opportunities.
STRATEGY
Our objective is to be a leading provider of broadband, IP and wireless
network equipment to high growth communications markets. The principal elements
of our strategy are as follows:
LEVERAGE OUR INSTALLED BASE AS DEMAND FOR BROADBAND AND HIGH-SPEED DATA
GROWS IN CHINA. We believe we are a leading supplier of both wireline and
wireless access systems in China. Communications service providers currently
face a large subscriber demand for voice services. Accordingly, our systems are
being used primarily for voice services. However, given the increasing demand
for Internet and data access in China, we believe we are well positioned to
leverage our installed base of systems and service provider relationships to
deliver additional data capabilities. We intend to capitalize on this
opportunity by supplying systems that enable service providers to offer
broadband services over copper connections through digitial subscriber line, or
xDSL, technologies and over fiber optic connections. We also intend to enable
high-speed data services over 64 Kilobits per second, or Kbps, wireless links.
DEVELOP PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MARKET-DRIVEN SOLUTIONS; PENETRATE
EMERGING IP-BASED SWITCHING MARKET. By working closely with multiple service
providers over the last five years, we have gained unique insight into future
service provider requirements. For example, we developed our Personal Access
System, or PAS, wireless access system in response to a market need for a
low-cost, community-based mobile service. We believe increases in Internet
usage, particularly voice over IP traffic, have resulted in a market need for a
next-generation switching platform optimized for IP traffic. Accordingly, we
have made a substantial investment in developing our WACOS IP-based switching
system which we expect to ship in 2000. WACOS is designed to integrate with our
existing products and to scale over time as demand for new services grows. We
believe that WACOS can deliver value to service providers, both as a stand-alone
system and in connection with expansions to our Airstar PAS system
installations. We have a history of developing unique systems, such as PAS and
WACOS, and we intend to continue to provide market-driven solutions to our
customers.
EXPAND PRESENCE IN CHINA. We intend to further capitalize on China's large
population, low teledensity and increasing demand for communications services.
Since our inception, we have focused our engineering, product development and
sales and marketing efforts primarily on communications equipment for China.
This focus has enabled us to be a leader in this market by quickly identifying
the needs of service providers in China and rapidly developing market-specific
products to address those needs. We intend to expand our presence in this market
by:
- increasing the number of sales and support staff and offices within China;
- developing new products to address the demands of our existing and
emerging customer base;
- migrating our installed base from voice to data as market demand warrants;
and
- increasing our local research and development and manufacturing
capabilities.
LEVERAGE SUCCESS IN CHINA TO ADDRESS OTHER HIGH-GROWTH COMMUNICATIONS
MARKETS. Since our products comply with many international standard protocols
and are attractive and readily adaptable to the requirements of service
providers in many markets outside of China, we intend to leverage our success in
China to penetrate other high-growth communications markets. We anticipate
supplying
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these markets through original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, sales
relationships or through the development of local sales agency and distributor
relationships within the specific communications market. We are initiating this
strategy with NEC Corporation, which offers our AN-2000 as an OEM in Hong Kong,
India and the Philippines through its worldwide sales organization. We have also
entered into agreements with local distributors in Brazil and Russia for our
AN-2000 system. The distribution agreements in Brazil and Russia are in their
early stages, and we do not expect to derive material revenues from them during
2000. We have conducted field trials of our products in Colombia, Hong Kong,
India, the Philippines, Russia and Vietnam. Additionally, we have applied for
regulatory approval of our products in Brazil and Russia, and will seek
additional regulatory approvals as needed.
PRODUCTS
Our integrated suite of network access, optical multiplexing, subscriber
terminal and IP-based switching products gives service providers in high-growth
markets an efficient means to offer voice and data services. Our product lines
include Airstar, AN-2000, OMUX, Netman and WACOS.
AIRSTAR
Airstar is a wireless access system that enables voice and data access over
fixed and city-wide wireless links. The following diagram shows how our Airstar
system is deployed.
[Diagram depicting our Airstar system.]
A typical Airstar installation consists of several remote terminals based on
our AN-2000 architecture, each coupled through one or more digital radio port
controllers to many small indoor and outdoor radio ports, and various subscriber
terminals. The remote terminals connect to the central office switch to provide
local and long distance telephone service over a standard V5.2 interface or an
analog 2-wire interface for switches without V5.2 capability. This provides for
an open interface to the central office switch which benefits service providers
by shifting network intelligence to the access network, thus reducing reliance
on costly and proprietary distributed central office switch architectures. The
remote terminals pass traffic through the radio port controllers to the radio
ports, which each serve multiple subscribers. From the radio port, the signal is
passed to a remote subscriber terminal or
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handset. The air traffic controller provides wireless traffic-channel and
mobility management throughout the system.
Airstar enables rapid and reliable deployment of communications services to
subscriber communities where the installation of a wireline alternative may be
uneconomical. Airstar can also be used in large indoor spaces such as office
buildings, airports and shopping malls. Airstar is optimized for high-capacity
urban or suburban traffic densities and can deliver wireline equivalent voice
quality, including voice-band modem and fax support, with the advantages of
simple planning for radio siting, immunity to inter-radio interference, low
power consumption and expandability. Our Airstar system operates in China in the
1900-1915 MHz band allocated by the Radio Regulatory Bureau of the MII.
Service providers have installed our Airstar system at 12 large commercial
sites in China representing a total installed base of over 900,000 lines. We
currently offer the Airstar for two different applications: Personal Access
System, or PAS, and wireless local loop, or WLL.
PERSONAL ACCESS SYSTEM
PAS provides city-wide wireless mobile phone service for a community of
up to several hundred thousand subscribers at traffic densities of upwards
of 2,000 subscribers per square kilometer. PAS targets first-time
subscribers, second line subscribers and small businesses. PAS provides
distinct benefits to both service providers and subscribers. Service
providers can quickly illuminate entire communities with strategically
located low-power radios, creating the potential for new revenue streams
from city-wide mobile service. Additionally, compared to traditional
cellular systems, PAS mobility functions are completely integrated into the
access network architecture and thus require no central office switch
modification or incremental mobile switching hardware. By integrating PAS
into the existing access network, service providers can take advantage of
unused central office switching capacity to carry incremental wireless
traffic loads. This integration also allows a service provider to offer
existing switch-based services, such as caller ID, call forwarding, and
voice mail, to its wireless subscribers. Subscribers benefit from rapid
service activation and enjoy the mobility of small handsets weighing less
than three ounces with over 800 hours of standby battery capacity and up to
6.5 hours of talk time. We purchase a variety of handsets manufactured by
multiple Japanese vendors under the UTStarcom label.
With the PAS system, a service provider does not need to modify its
existing billing system. However, PAS does provide separate call detail
records that the service provider can use for specific mobility-related
billing policies such as premium billing for roaming calls or wireless data
calls, or for pre-paid PAS services.
An additional benefit of PAS is its support of wireless data
transmission of 32Kbps, upgradeable to 64Kbps. This enables wireless
Internet access at speeds faster than those possible with many wireline
dial-up modems. We believe PAS allows faster Internet access than other
wireless technologies currently commercially deployed in China.
WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP
WLL provides for fixed, as opposed to mobile, wireless network access.
In a WLL deployment, small and inexpensive radios located strategically
throughout the service area provide a wireless digital link to the
subscriber's home or business. We believe this offers both a cost and
time-to-market advantage over some traditional copper deployments. A fixed
subscriber unit located in the subscriber's home or business converts the
wireless signals to a standard analog telephone interface that can be
distributed through conventional inside-building wiring.
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AN-2000
Our AN-2000 is a digital wireline network access system that delivers a
variety of services to subscribers over copper, fiber or microwave radio links.
These services include:
- traditional analog voice;
- dialed voice and data in digital format over integrated services digital
network, or ISDN, lines;
- analog leased lines; and
- business data services over integrated digital subscriber line, or IDSL,
and high-data-rate digital subscriber line, or HDSL.
Service providers have deployed over 1.2 million AN-2000 subscriber lines.
In response to a developing market need, in the second half of 2000 the AN-2000
will be enhanced to enable high-performance, always-on Internet access for
residential and business subscribers using advanced asymmetric digital
subscriber line, or ADSL, technology.
The following diagram depicts a typical AN-2000 deployment.
[Diagram depicting our AN-2000 system.]
The AN-2000 system consists of both central office terminals and remote
terminals which are linked together to form a digital access network using
copper, fiber or microwave radio. The AN-2000 connects to the access ring
through either our OMUX product or a high performance robust transmission
technology, known as synchronous digital hierarchy, or SDH. A central office
AN-2000, or CT, connects the access ring to Internet access, local and long
distance and dedicated data services. A remote AN-2000, or RT, connects to the
access ring and offers voice and data services to the subscribers. A regional
access network has the potential to contain hundreds of AN-2000s servicing
hundreds of thousands of subscribers.
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The AN-2000 provides several important features which together form a
cost-effective access platform for the delivery of voice and data services. We
were among the earliest to offer a V5.2 switch interface to the China market.
This capability benefits service providers by shifting network intelligence out
into the access network, reducing reliance on costly and proprietary distributed
central office switch architectures. In addition, we designed the AN-2000 to
provide high capacity, expandability and redundancy, offering reliable operation
and economical service management. For service providers whose switches are not
yet V5.2 compliant, we provide a migration capability whereby the AN-2000
terminates analog and ISDN ports in the central office, effectively creating a
V5.2 interface to the remote AN-2000s. We believe that the AN-2000 is currently
the leading system available that can convert existing analog central office
interfaces to V5.2.
Our OMUX product, which converts data transmission between electrical and
optical formats, is often bundled with our Airstar and AN-2000 systems.
Together, these products can comprise a complete access system. In addition to
bundled sales, the OMUX is used by cellular service providers to connect base
station controllers to base stations and by other enterprises for private data
networks and data collection applications.
The primary advantage of the OMUX is its ability to offer highly competitive
price and performance characteristics to service providers, particularly in low
capacity implementations. The OMUX employs our SPDH technology, which provides
the reliability of higher priced synchronous digital hierarchy, or SDH, networks
for lower capacity access networks and enables highly reliable operations. The
OMUX is available in varying capacities depending on network configuration and
service provider requirements. To date, service providers have deployed the OMUX
at over 5,000 locations, both as a stand-alone product and bundled with Airstar
and AN-2000.
NETMAN
Our Netman network management system, which is integrated with our network
access products, provides for centralized management of our Airstar, AN-2000 and
OMUX products. Netman provides the ability to manage individual network
components and to report the status of the network as a whole. Netman runs on a
personal computer using a Microsoft Windows-based graphical user interface
software. With Netman, a service provider can add and drop subscribers
independently, saving configuration and installation time. Netman can
continuously monitor all access network elements, providing for real-time
reporting and alarms in addition to performance management and optimization and
distribution of software updates. The expandability of Netman allows a single
system to serve an entire distributed network of up to several thousand remote
nodes under normal network conditions. Netman can also be installed on a
portable personal computer to be used as the local on-site maintenance terminal
wherever remote nodes are installed.
WACOS
Our WACOS system is an IP-based switching system which is deployed as a
layered network architecture designed to support end-to-end communications and
data services. The WACOS system supports communication between legacy telephone
equipment and next-generation IP devices. In addition, operational support
system, or OSS, software provided with WACOS enables management of WACOS
equipment, billing for WACOS services and customer care for WACOS subscribers.
The use of IP technology to transmit voice and data over a single network
enables the use of lower cost equipment and improves bandwidth efficiency for
service providers. This results in a wider variety of communications
applications at lower per subscriber cost. The WACOS family includes:
- PSTN Gateway devices which support connection to the public switched
telephone network, or PSTN, through standard interfaces;
- Wireless Gateways which support expansion of PAS networks; and
- OSS Server Cluster which supports management, billing and customer care
functions.
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The following diagram depicts our WACOS system.
[Diagram depicting our WACOS system.]
MARKETS AND CUSTOMERS
Market opportunities within China's 31 provinces vary greatly by region,
with the more densely populated coastal provinces experiencing the strongest
economic development. While we provide our communications equipment to PTBs in a
wide variety of provinces, to date, we have focused on marketing and selling our
products to PTBs in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces
and the municipality of Shanghai. The PRC State Statistical Bureau estimates
that in 1997, these six regions represented 26.3% of China's population and
41.1% of China's gross domestic product. These regions also represent a
disproportionately high percentage of China's wireline and wireless subscribers
and influence adoption of technology among other regions. While each of the PTBs
is part of the China Telecom system and subject to its ultimate control,
equipment purchasing decisions are generally made at the individual PTB level.
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The following table is a list of our customers in China who have each
purchased more than $200,000 of our products during 1999.
BEIJING MUNICIPALITY
Beijing PTA
FUJIAN PROVINCE
Putian PTB
Quanzhou PTB
GUANGDONG PROVINCE
Foshan PTB
Guangzhou PTB
Huizhou PTB
Shenda Tel. Co.
Shenzen Mobile Bureau
Shenzhen PTB
Yunfu PTB
Zhaoqing PTB
GUANGXI PROVINCE
Liuzhou PTB
HEBEI PROVINCE
Baoding PTB
HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
Haerbin PTB
HUBEI PROVINCE
Wuhan Unicom
HUNAN PROVINCE
Chenzou PTB
JIANGSU PROVINCE
Taizhou PTB
Xuzhou PTB
LIAONING PROVINCE
Shenyang Unicom
NINGXIA PROVINCE
Pingluo PTB
Shizhuishan PTB
Wuzhong City PTB
SHAANXI PROVINCE
Xian PTB
SHANDONG PROVINCE
Dongying PTB
Jinan PTB
Jining PTB
Qingdao PTB
Qingdao Unicom
Zhoucheng PTB
SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY
Songjiang PTB
SICHUAN PROVINCE
Chongqing PTB
TIANJIN MUNICIPALITY
Dezun Tel. & Comm.
Material Co.
YUNNAN PROVINCE
Kunming PTB
ZHEJIANG PROVINCE
Changnan PTB
Hangzhou PTB
Ningbo PTB
Quzhou PTB
Ruian PTB
Shangyu PTB
Shaoxing PTB
Shengzhou PTB
Wenchen PTB
Xiaoshan PTB
Xiaoshan Tel. & Comm.
Material Co.
Xinchang PTB
Yuhang PTB
Zhenjiang Unicom
Zhuji PTB
We also sell our network access equipment to service providers in high
growth communications markets outside of China. Markets outside of China
accounted for less than 1.0% of our total sales in 1999.
As of December 31, 1999, our backlog totalled $71.8 million, compared to
approximately $3.0 million as of December 31, 1998. We expect to fill all of our
current backlog orders during the 2000 fiscal year.
SALES, MARKETING AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT
We pursue a direct sales and marketing strategy in China, targeting sales to
individual PTBs and to manufacturers or equipment distributors with closely
associated customers. We maintain sales and customer support sites in Beijing,
Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenyang, Wuhan, Xian, Hangzhou, Jinan and Chengdu. We also
sell through relationships with regional government-owned telecommunications
manufacturing companies, which act as agents in the sale of our products to
PTBs.
We believe our customer support services allow us to distinguish ourselves
from competing equipment providers and build customer loyalty. The customer
service operation in Hangzhou is co-located with the manufacturing joint venture
and serves as both a technical resource and liaison to our product development
organization. In China, customer service technicians are distributed in the
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regional sales and customer support sites to provide a local presence. We
provide additional support on a 24-hour, 365-day basis from the customer support
center in Hangzhou in the form of field dispatch personnel, who also provide
training on installation, operation and maintenance of equipment. As of
December 31, 1999, we employed 405 people in sales, marketing and customer
support.
Our sales efforts in markets outside of China combine direct sales, original
equipment manufacturer, or OEM, sales and manufacturing licensing. Our OEM sales
focus on the AN-2000. Our most significant customers outside of China are NEC,
which will sell the AN-2000 under a private label, and Kyocera Corporation,
which incorporated the AN-2000 into its wireless local loop product. Itochu
Corporation and Kanematsu Corporation have also helped us sell our products
outside of China.
TECHNOLOGY
Our research and development efforts have led to the creation of key
technologies that have contributed to the success of our products in the
marketplace.
V5.2 PROTOCOL AND DYNAMIC SWITCHING. The AN-2000 and Airstar intelligent
call processor and 2,048 timeslot interchange allow these systems to fully
exploit the power of the V5.2 interface protocol between the central office
switch and access node, which requests voice channel allocation from the switch
on a call-by-call basis. Since most subscriber telephones are idle most of the
time, a small number of channels can be shared by many subscribers, saving money
and increasing reliability. The AN-2000 and Airstar can economically split a
large bundle of V5.2 voice channels from the central office switch into many
smaller, more economical bundles to be transmitted to the remote access nodes
that may contain fewer subscribers than the switch is optimized for. This
capability increases switch utilization, reduces the number and expense of V5.2
interfaces provided by the central office switch and economically allows the
deployment of many small remote access nodes. Our V5.2 interface product is
extensively deployed throughout China and is interoperable with the products of
major switch vendors.
SDH OPTICAL TRANSMISSION. Service providers have widely chosen to adopt and
deploy fiber optic transmission systems conforming to the synchronous digital
hierarchy, or SDH, standard promulgated by the International Telecommunications
Union. The SDH standard is the international equivalent of the North American
SONET standard. The SDH standards for first tier capacity allow up to 1,953
information channels to be transmitted over optical fiber between nodes that can
be structured in a redundant ring configuration. If the fiber in the ring is cut
accidentally, the SDH system can recover its operation immediately and maintain
service while the cut is repaired. The AN-2000 fully integrates the SDH fiber
with self-healing ring capability into a single plug-in module in contrast to
earlier generation equipment that required a separate external SDH multiplexer.
This configuration saves expense and provides a simple unified management
structure for the SDH and access node functions.
AIRSTAR MOBILITY MANAGEMENT. We have developed a specially configured
AN-2000 node, called the air traffic controller, or ATC, in the PAS to provide
the function of wireless traffic-channel and mobility management. Airstar
subscribers are assigned wireless traffic channels at the time they become
active on a call and the precise channel may be different from call to call or,
in the case of PAS users, may change during a call, because of variable channel
availability and also movement of the subscriber. The ATC collects all of these
dynamically assigned channels and re-maps them to fixed channels on the access
network interface, providing wireless benefits without alteration of the access
network. Service providers can mix and match wireline and wireless service
delivery in a seamless manner without regard for access network compatibility or
special provisioning. Airstar PAS can manage hundreds of thousands of air
traffic channels by arranging a network of ATCs into a two-stage configuration
with regional nodes handling local traffic and a network of central nodes
handling traffic between regional nodes.
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WACOS IP-BASED SWITCHING AND SERVICE DELIVERY PLATFORM. The WACOS system is
deployed as a layered network architecture designed to support end-to-end
communications and data services. This type of architecture is rapidly gaining
worldwide acceptance with a large number of vendors and service providers
cooperating in the creation of new standards for IP-based networks. In the WACOS
implementation, unlike current telephone networks, service providers and
subscribers are able to quickly and easily deploy new services and features
based on these emerging standard protocols.
WACOS is a complete telecommunications system that offers technology at
several levels:
- TRADITIONAL PHONES AND IP APPLIANCES. Innovative protocols used by WACOS
provide support for traditional telephone service and provide the
foundation for next-generation IP-based appliances such as IP-enabled cell
phones and personal digital assistants.
- IP ACCESS NETWORK. The WACOS gateway converts between legacy telephony
protocols such as SS7 and V5.2 and modern IP-based services. The gateway
provides an open platform for the development of enhanced services, such
as unified messaging, by us or third party developers.
- BACKBONE NETWORK. WACOS relies on industry standard IP-based network
architecture. Initially based on widely deployed IP over asynchronous
transfer mode, or ATM, technology, WACOS is capable of economical upgrade
to emerging packet over SONET and gigabit ethernet standards.
- OPERATIONAL SUPPORT SYSTEM. The operational support system, or OSS, is
implemented using industry-standard computing platforms based on
Windows NT or Unix, depending on customer preference. The OSS allows
service providers to flexibly tailor billing policies and allows
subscriber self-provisioning through on-line account access. Web-based
graphic user interfaces provide precise management information to support
staff with minimal training requirements, reducing operational costs.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We believe that continued and timely development and introduction of new and
enhanced products are essential if we are to maintain our competitive position.
While we use competitive analyses and technology trends as factors in our
product development plans, the primary input for new products and product
enhancements comes from soliciting and analyzing information about service
providers' needs. Our MII, PTA and PTB relationships and full-service post-sale
customer support provide our research and development organization with insight
into trends and developments in the marketplace. The insights provided from
these relationships allowed us to develop unique, market-driven products such as
PAS and WACOS. Current projects include the development of:
- high speed IP-based switching technologies;
- locator functions for Airstar PAS;
- broadband ADSL delivery for AN-2000 and the WACOS network;
- increased wireless data rates for Airstar PAS;
- significantly enhanced network management capabilities; and
- an OMUX product using the SDH architecture.
We maintain a strong relationship between our U.S. and China research
centers. Projects are typically designed and developed in the United States by
one team and tested in China by another, allowing us to conduct research and
development activities 24 hours a day. We rotate engineers between the U.S. and
China research centers to further integrate our research and development
operations. We have been able to cost-effectively hire highly skilled technical
employees from a large
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pool of qualified candidates in China. Our research and development efforts are
conducted at the following facilities:
- The New Jersey Technical Center, with 98 engineers as of December 31,
1999, provides technical leadership on PAS and AN-2000 developments,
including hardware and software development, system engineering and system
architecture, as well as project management and engineering methodology.
- The Hangzhou Technical Center, with 64 engineers as of December 31, 1999,
takes leadership on most transmission system developments, and also
participates in AN-2000 and PAS projects, performing software, hardware
and mechanical design. It also provides manufacturing engineering support,
high-level field support and takes the lead in operations systems
development for the China market.
- The Alameda Technical Center, with 34 engineers as of December 31, 1999,
focuses primarily on IP gateways and distributed switching for wireless
communications.
- The Hefei Technical Center, with 25 engineers as of December 31, 1999,
focuses on the development of wireless technology. The Hefei facility is
located at the University of Science and Technology of China.
In the past we have made, and expect to continue to make, significant
investments in research and development. Our research and development
expenditures totaled $8.9 million in 1997, $14.7 million in 1998 and
$17.4 million in 1999.
MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLY AND TESTING
We manufacture or engage in the final assembly and testing of our Airstar
systems, AN-2000 and OMUX products at the facilities of our two manufacturing
joint ventures in China. In Zhejiang province, we have a joint venture with
Zhejiang Telecommunication Equipment Factory. In Guangdong province, we have a
joint venture with Guangdong Nanfang Communications Group Corporation. These
manufacturing operations consist of circuit board assembly, final system
assembly, software installation and testing. We assemble circuit boards
primarily using surface mount technology. Assembled boards are individually
tested prior to final assembly and tested again at the system level prior to
system shipment. We use internally developed functional and parametric tests for
quality management and process control and have developed an internal system to
track quality statistics at a serial number level.
Both the Guangdong and the Zhejiang manufacturing facilities are ISO 9002
certified. ISO 9002 certification requires that the certified entity establish,
maintain and follow an auditable quality process including documentation,
requirements, development, training, testing and continuous improvement and
which is periodically audited by an independent outside auditor.
We have contracted with Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., which
distributes products under the Panasonic brand, to manufacture the Airstar
wireless infrastructure components and handsets for distribution under the
UTStarcom label. Other suppliers include Kyocera Corporation, which provides
handsets under the UTStarcom label, and Sharp Corporation, which provides
handsets and repeaters under the UTStarcom label. Our AN-2000 product line
integrates some third party products for subscriber premises equipment and
testing. In order to gain more control over the quality of the products, further
reduce the cost and ease restrictions on China's import license quotas, we have
started and will continue local assembly of the wireless infrastructure
components and handsets in China. We anticipate that we will enter into
arrangements with third parties to manufacture handsets in China. We also intend
to develop the capacity to manufacture our own handsets.
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STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS
We benefit from strategic relationships with other major companies that act
as our suppliers, investors and customers. SOFTBANK CORP. is a major investor in
our company and holds two seats on our Board of Directors. We intend to invest
in an investment fund established by SOFTBANK focused on investments in Internet
companies in China. Intel Pacific, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Intel
Corporation, is another one of our investors. Matsushita Communication
Industrial Co., Ltd. is a major supplier of radio and terminal equipment for the
Airstar system, and is also an investor and has funded custom developments
related to the WACOS system. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has also invested
in our company. Affiliates of the Guangdong and Zhejiang PTAs are our
manufacturing joint venture partners in China. NEC Corporation is marketing our
AN-2000 system under a private label worldwide.
COMPETITION
We face intense competition in our target markets and expect competition to
increase. Our principal competitors in our various product lines include:
- AIRSTAR SYSTEM: Alcatel Alsthom CGE, S.A.; Ericsson LM Telephone Co.;
Huawei Technology Co., Ltd.; Lucent Technologies, Inc.; Motorola, Inc.;
NEC Corporation; Siemens AG; and Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment.
- AN-2000 AND OMUX: Advanced Fibre Communications, Inc.; Alcatel; Bosch
Telecom GmbH; ECI Telecom Ltd.; Ericsson; Fujitsu Limited; Huawei; Lucent;
NEC; Nokia Corporation; Shanghai Bell Alcatel Mobile Communication;
Siemens; and Zhongxing.
- WACOS SYSTEM: Alcatel; Cisco Systems, Inc.; Clarent Corporation; Ericsson;
Huawei; Lucent; Motorola; Nokia; Nortel Networks Corporation; Nuera
Communications, Inc.; Siemens; Tachion Networks, Inc.; and Vienna Systems
Corp.
We are increasingly facing competition from domestic companies in China. We
believe that our strongest competition in the future may come from these
companies, many of which operate under lower cost structures and more favorable
governmental policies and have much larger sales forces than we do. Furthermore,
other companies not presently offering competing products may also enter our
target markets. Many of our competitors have significantly greater financial,
technical, product development, sales, marketing and other resources than we do.
As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or
emerging technologies and changes in service provider requirements. Our
competitors may also be able to devote greater resources than we can to the
development, promotion and sale of new products. These competitors may also be
able to offer significant financing arrangements to service providers, in some
cases facilitated by government policies, which is a competitive advantage in
selling systems to service providers with limited financial and currency
resources. Increased competition is likely to result in price reductions,
reduced gross profit as a percentage of net sales and loss of market share, any
one of which could materially harm our business, financial condition and results
of operations.
Moreover, current and potential competitors have established or may
establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties,
including PTAs, PTBs and other local organizations, to increase the ability of
their products to address the needs of prospective customers in our target
markets. Accordingly, alliances among competitors or between competitors and
third parties may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share. To remain
competitive, we believe that we must continue to partner with PTAs and other
local organizations, maintain a high level of investment in research and
development and in sales and marketing, and manufacture and deliver products to
service providers on a timely basis and without significant defects. If we fail
to meet any of these objectives, our business, financial condition and results
of operations could be harmed.
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The introduction of inexpensive wireless telephone service or other
competitive services in China may also have an adverse impact on sales of our
Airstar system in China. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete
successfully against current or future competitors or that competitive pressures
in the future will not materially adversely effect our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the market for
our network access products include:
- total initial cost of solution;
- short delivery and installation intervals;
- design and installation support;
- ease of integration with the backbone network;
- flexibility in supporting multiple interfaces and services;
- life-cycle cost determined by reliability; and
- manageability of the solution and scalability.
We believe we have in the past generally competed favorably with offerings
of our competitors on the basis of these factors. However, we may not be able to
compete effectively against current and future competitors based on these or any
other competitive factors in the future, and the failure to do so would have a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Our success and ability to compete is dependent in part on our proprietary
technology. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade
secret laws, as well as confidentiality agreements and licensing arrangements,
to establish and protect our proprietary rights. To date, we have relied
primarily on proprietary processes and know-how to protect our intellectual
property. We presently hold one U.S. patent for existing products. The term of
the patent will expire as late as the year 2016, depending on whether we
maintain the patent for the whole term. We have submitted ten U.S. patent
applications and four foreign patent applications. We cannot assure you that any
of our patent applications will be granted or that any patents issued will cover
the scope of the claims sought in the applications. Our U.S. patents do not
afford any intellectual property protection in China or other international
jurisdictions. Moreover, we have applied for but have not yet obtained patents
in China. We can give no assurance that we will be able to obtain patents in
China on our products or the technology that we use to manufacture our products.
Our joint ventures in China rely upon our trademarks, technology and know-how to
manufacture and sell our products. Under the terms of our joint venture
agreements, any modifications or enhancements to or derivatives of our
intellectual property developed by the joint ventures will be owned by the joint
ventures. Any infringement of our proprietary rights could result in significant
litigation costs, and any failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights
could result in our competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting
in loss of a competitive advantage and decreased revenues. Despite our efforts
to protect our proprietary rights, existing patent, copyright, trademark and
trade secret laws afford only limited protection. In addition, the legal systems
of some foreign countries, including China, do not protect our proprietary
rights to the same extent as does the legal system of the United States.
Attempts may be made to copy or reverse engineer aspects of our products or to
obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. Accordingly, we may
not be able to prevent misappropriation of our technology or deter others from
developing similar technology. Furthermore, policing the unauthorized use of our
products is difficult. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our
intellectual property rights or to
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<PAGE>
determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. This
litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and
could significantly harm our business.
The communications industry is characterized by the existence of a large
number of patents and frequent litigation based on allegations of patent
infringement. From time to time, third parties may assert patent, copyright,
trademark and other intellectual property rights to technologies and in various
jurisdictions that are important to our business. Any claims asserting that our
products infringe or may infringe proprietary rights of third parties, if
determined adversely to us, could significantly harm our business. Any claims,
with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation,
divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, cause product
shipment delays or require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, any
of which could significantly harm our business. Royalty or licensing agreements,
if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In the
event a claim against us was successful and we could not obtain a license to the
relevant technology on acceptable terms or license a substitute technology or
redesign our products to avoid infringement, our business would be significantly
harmed.
We have an agreement with a third party that also uses the Airstar trademark
for one of its products. Under the terms of this agreement, we have rights to
the Airstar trademark in China and the third party has trademark rights outside
of China.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1999, we employed a total of 885 full-time employees. We
also from time to time employ part-time employees and hire contractors. Of the
total number of full-time employees, 221 are in research and development, 137 in
manufacturing, 405 in marketing, sales and support, and 122 in administration.
We have 724 employees located in China, including 214 employees at the Zhejiang
manufacturing joint venture. The remaining 161 employees are located in the
United States. In addition to our total full-time employees, the Guangdong
manufacturing joint venture has 119 employees. Our employees are not represented
by any collective bargaining agreement, and we have never experienced a work
stoppage. We believe that our employee relations are good.
FACILITIES
Our corporate headquarters are located in a 25,756 square foot leased
facility in Alameda, California. We use this facility for sales, marketing,
administration, purchasing and research and development. Our lease expires in
January 2003. Our main research and development facility is located in a 27,238
square foot facility in Iselin, New Jersey, under a lease which expires in July
2002. We also have research and development facilities in Hefei and Hangzhou. We
lease two facilities in China for manufacturing and multiple offices for sales,
marketing, support and administration in China. Our Zhejiang manufacturing
facility is a 83,926 square foot facility with a lease that expires in March
2002. Our Guangdong manufacturing facility is a 44,250 square foot facility with
a lease that expires on December 31, 2000. We believe our current facilities are
well maintained, are in good operating condition and will be adequate to meet
our anticipated level of operations over the next twelve months.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We may become involved in legal proceedings from time to time in the
ordinary course of business. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not
involved in any pending material legal proceedings.
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MANAGEMENT
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Our executive officers and directors, and their ages as of December 31,
1999, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION(S)
- ---- -------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Masayoshi Son............................. 42 Chairman of the Board of Directors
Hong Liang Lu............................. 45 President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director
Ying Wu................................... 40 Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors,
Executive Vice President and Chief
Executive Officer, China Operations
Michael Sophie............................ 42 Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial
Officer and Assistant Secretary
Bill Huang................................ 37 Vice President, Chief Technology Officer
Shao-Ning J. Chou......................... 37 Executive Vice President and Chief
Operating Officer, China Operations
Paul Berkowitz............................ 47 Vice President, International Sales
Gerald Soloway............................ 51 Vice President, Engineering
Yoshitaka Kitao........................... 48 Director
Charles Xue............................... 46 Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors
and Secretary
Thomas J. Toy............................. 44 Director
Chauncey Shey............................. 42 Director
Larry D. Horner........................... 65 Director
</TABLE>
MASAYOSHI SON has been our Chairman of the Board since October 1995. For
more than 15 years, Mr. Son has been President and Chief Executive Officer of
SOFTBANK CORP., a leading global provider of Internet content, technology and
services. Mr. Son is currently a director of E*Trade Group, Inc. and Ziff-Davis,
Inc. Mr. Son holds a B.A. in Economics from the University of California at
Berkeley.
HONG LIANG LU has been our President and Chief Executive Officer and a
director since June 1991. Mr. Lu co-founded UTStarcom under its prior name,
Unitech Telecom, Inc., in June 1991 which subsequently acquired StarCom Network
Systems, Inc. in September 1995. From 1986 through December 1990, Mr. Lu was
President and Chief Executive Officer of Kyocera Unison, a majority-owned
subsidiary of Kyocera International, Inc. From 1983 until its merger with
Kyocera in 1986, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Unison
World, Inc., a software development company. From 1979 to 1983 he was Vice
President and Chief Operating Officer of Unison World, Inc. Mr. Lu holds a B.S.
in Civil Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley.
YING WU has been our Executive Vice President and Vice Chairman of the Board
of Directors since October 1995. Mr. Wu has also been the President and Chief
Executive Officer of one of our subsidiaries, UTStarcom China, since October
1995. From February 1991 to September 1995, Mr. Wu was a co-founder and Senior
Vice President of StarCom Network Systems, Inc., a company that marketed and
distributed third party telecommunications equipment. From 1988 to 1991, Mr. Wu
was a member of the technical staff of Bellcore Laboratories. From 1987 through
1988, Mr. Wu was a consultant at AT&T Bell Labs. He holds a B.S. in Electrical
Engineering from Beijing Industrial University and an M.S. in Electrical
Engineering from the New Jersey Institute of Technology.
MICHAEL SOPHIE has been our Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial
Officer since August 1999. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Sophie held
executive positions at P-Com, Inc. from August 1993 to August 1999 as Vice
President Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Group President. From 1989
through 1993, Mr. Sophie was Vice President of Finance at Loral Fairchild
Corporation. He holds
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a B.S. degree from California State University, Chico and an M.B.A. from the
University of Santa Clara.
BILL HUANG has been our Chief Technology Officer since September 1999. From
December 1996 to September 1999, he was our Vice President of Strategic Product
Planning. From June 1995 to December 1996, Mr. Huang served as our Vice
President, China Operations. From 1994 to June 1995, Mr. Huang was our Director,
Engineering. From 1992 to 1994, he was a Member of the Technical Staff and
Project Leader at AT&T Systems. Mr. Huang serves on the board of Shenzhen Gin De
(Group) Ltd., a real estate investment company in China. Mr. Huang holds a B.S.
in Electrical Engineering from Huazhong University of Science & Technology, and
an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences from the University of
Illinois.
SHAO-NING J. CHOU has been our Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
Officer of China Operations since January 1999. From March 1997 to December
1998, he was Vice President of China Operations and from July 1996 to March
1997, he served as Vice President of Engineering. From March 1995 to June 1996,
he was Director of Engineering for wireless systems and software with Lucent
Technologies Microelectronics IC group. From April 1993 to March 1995, he was a
Technical Manager for the Global Wireless product group with AT&T consumer
products where he led multiple development teams for handset and wireless
personal base station products. From July 1985 to April 1993, Mr. Chou was team
leader and a member of the technical staff for advanced digital communication
research in AT&T Bell Laboratories where he led and engaged in data
communication equipment and multimedia product development. Mr. Chou holds a
B.S. in Electrical Engineering from City College of New York, an M.S. in
Engineering from Princeton University and an M.B.A. from the State University of
New Jersey, Rutgers.
PAUL BERKOWITZ has been our Vice President of International Sales since
November 1998. From July 1996 to November 1998, he was our Vice President of
Product Management & Planning, and from December 1995 to June 1996, he served as
our Vice President of Engineering. From 1994 to 1995, Mr. Berkowitz was Director
of Application Software of AT&T Network Systems where he managed, among other
things, an international team in marketing, architecture, and development of
software involving a portfolio of advanced GUI and client-server products for
telecommunications services. Between 1992 and 1994, he led the planning and
development effort for a 1 Gigabit/sec Asynchronous Transfer Mode switch support
Wide Area Network services including TDM and Frame Relay in the AT&T Paradyne
Unit. Mr. Berkowitz has been granted four patents and holds a B.S. and an M.S.
in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University.
GERALD SOLOWAY has been our Vice President of Engineering since January
1999. From April 1998 to January 1999, he served as our Director of Strategic
Marketing. Prior to this, Dr. Soloway worked for Lucent Technologies, formerly
Bell Labs, for 29 years. At Lucent, Dr. Soloway held executive positions in
Consumer Products, Business Terminal Development, PBX Systems Engineering, Key
System Development and Access Systems Development. He holds a Ph.D. from
Polytechnic Institute of New York, an M.S. from New York University, and a B.S.
from Cooper Union, all in Electrical Engineering. Dr. Soloway also holds seven
patents in communications and computer graphics technology.
YOSHITAKA KITAO has been a director since April 1998. Mr. Kitao has served
as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of SOFTBANK CORP. since
July 1995 and President and Chief Executive Officer of SOFTBANK Contents
Partners Corp. since May 1997. Mr. Kitao is currently President and Chief
Executive Officer of SOFTBANK Finance Corp. From June 1992 to May 1995,
Mr. Kitao was the general manager of the Corporate Finance and Service
department of Nomura Securities Co., Ltd. Mr. Kitao is a director of INSWEB
Corporation and Ziff-Davis, Inc. Mr. Kitao holds a B.A. in Economics from Keio
University and a B.A. in Economics from Cambridge University.
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CHARLES XUE has been our Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors since 1995.
Prior to our acquisition of StarCom Network Systems, Inc., from 1991 to 1995,
Mr. Xue served as our Chairman of the Board. Mr. Xue has served as Chairman of
the Board and Chief Executive Officer of C&A Investment, Inc., a real estate
investment company, since 1989. Mr. Xue also served as Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer of United Medical Industrial Group Inc. from 1995 to
August 1998, and as Director and Co-Chairman of the Board since August 1998.
Since 1998, Mr. Xue has served as the Chairman of E-Vue.com, Ltd. Since 1999,
Mr. Xue has served as the chairman of Mt. Everest Holdings, Ltd. Mr. Xue is a
director of Asia Pacific Wire & Cable Corporation Limited.
THOMAS J. TOY has been a director since July 1995. Mr. Toy has served as
managing director of PacRim Venture Partners since March 1999, a professional
venture capital firm specializing in investments in the information technology
sector. Prior to that he was a partner at Technology Funding, a professional
venture capital firm, from January 1987 to March 1999. While at Technology
Funding, Mr. Toy was Managing Director of Corporate Finance and headed the
firm's investment committee. Mr. Toy is also a director of White Electronic
Designs Inc. Mr. Toy holds B.A. and M.M. degrees from Northwestern University.
CHAUNCEY SHEY has been a director since October 1995. Mr. Shey has served as
President of SOFTBANK China Holdings since December 1999 and as President of
DVtown.com, Inc. since July 1999. From October 1995 to July 1999, Mr. Shey was
our Executive Vice President in charge of Research and Development. From
March to October 1995, he was Executive Vice President of StarCom Network
Systems, Inc., where he worked in research and development as well as in
operation and strategy planning. From March 1991 to March 1995, he was Executive
Vice President of StarCom Products, Inc., a consulting business that developed
software products and provided expertise in the fields of computers and
telecommunications. In that position he was responsible for operations,
financial management and marketing. From December 1990 to December 1991,
Mr. Shey was a consultant at Bell Labs. He holds a B.S. in Electrical
Engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and an M.S. in Computer Science
from the State University of New York at New Paltz.
LARRY D. HORNER has been a director since January 2000. Mr. Horner has
served as Chairman of Pacific USA Holdings Corp. since 1994. He is also Chairman
of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Asia Pacific Wire & Cable
Corporation Limited, and a director of American General Corp., Phillips
Petroleum Company, Atlantis Plastics, Inc., Laidlaw Holdings Inc. and Newmark
Homes Corp. Mr. Horner formerly served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of KPMG Peat Marwick from 1984 to 1990. Mr. Horner is a Certified Public
Accountant, holds a B.S. from the University of Kansas and is a graduate of the
Stanford Executive Program.
CLASSIFIED BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Our Board of Directors will be divided into three classes of directors who
will serve in staggered three-year terms upon the closing of this offering. As a
result, approximately one-third of the Board of Directors will be elected each
year. Provisions in our bylaws and certificate of incorporation allow the Board
of Directors to fill vacancies on or increase the size of the Board of
Directors. These provisions, along with having a classified board of directors,
may make it difficult for our stockholders to remove incumbent directors and
fill vacancies with their own nominees to gain control of the Board.
Our Board of Directors has designated that Messrs. Toy and Xue will serve as
Class I Directors, whose terms expire at the 2001 annual meeting of
stockholders. Messrs. Horner, Kitao and Shey will serve as Class II Directors
whose terms will expire at the 2002 annual meeting of stockholders. Messrs. Lu,
Son and Wu will serve as Class III Directors whose terms will expire at the 2003
annual meeting of stockholders.
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<PAGE>
BOARD COMMITTEES
Our Board of Directors has established three standing committees: the
Executive Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. The
Executive Committee approves and authorizes material agreements and obligations
up to $3.0 million in value. The Executive Committee consists of Messrs. Lu,
Kitao and Toy.
Among other functions, the Audit Committee makes recommendations to the
Board of Directors regarding the appointment of independent auditors for the
annual audit of our financial statements, reviews the results and scope of the
audit and other services provided by our independent auditors, reviews our
financial statements, and reviews and evaluates our internal audit and control
functions. The Audit Committee consists of Messrs. Horner, Toy and Xue.
The Compensation Committee reviews and approves the compensation and
benefits of our executive officers, grants stock options under our stock option
plans and makes recommendations to the Board of Directors regarding these
matters. The Compensation Committee consists of Messrs. Toy and Xue.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
No interlocking relationship exists between the Board or the Compensation
Committee and the board of directors or compensation committee of any other
company and no interlocking relationship has existed in the past.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Directors do not receive any cash fees for their service on the Board or any
Committee of the Board. They are entitled to reimbursement of all reasonable
out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with their attendance at Board or
Committee meetings. To the extent that a director is an employee, the director
can participate in our 1997 stock plan and, upon stockholder approval, in our
2000 employee stock purchase plan.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth information regarding compensation received
during the fiscal years ended December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1999 by our
Chief Executive Officer and each of our other four most highly compensated
executive officers.
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<PAGE>
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LONG-TERM
COMPENSATION
------------
ANNUAL COMPENSATION NUMBER OF
---------------------------------- SECURITIES
OTHER ANNUAL UNDERLYING ALL OTHER
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION YEAR SALARY BONUS COMPENSATION OPTIONS COMPENSATION(1)
- --------------------------- -------- -------- -------- ------------ ------------ ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Hong Liang Lu.................... 1998 $223,176 $ -- $ -- -- $5,475
President and Chief Executive 1999 205,500 -- -- 400,000 5,550
Officer
Ying Wu.......................... 1998 199,833 -- -- -- 7,043
Executive Vice President and 1999 157,250 -- 5,000 80,000 8,127
Chief Executive Officer, China
Operations
Shao-Ning J. Chou................ 1998 158,333 -- -- -- 7,194
Executive Vice President and 1999 155,000 60,000 -- 120,000 8,127
Chief Operating Officer, China
Operations
Gerald Soloway................... 1999 136,913 4,691 -- 164,000 2,629
Vice President, Engineering
Bill Huang....................... 1999 158,587 27,375 -- -- 5,511
Vice President, Chief
Technology Officer
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Consists of health insurance premiums paid by us on behalf of the officers.
STOCK OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
The following table sets forth information for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 1999 with respect to each grant of stock options to each of the
executive officers named in the Summary Compensation Table above.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
% OF TOTAL POTENTIAL REALIZABLE VALUE AT
OPTIONS ASSUMED RATES OF STOCK PRICE
GRANTED TO EXERCISE APPRECIATION FOR OPTION TERM (1)
OPTIONS EMPLOYEES IN PRICE PER EXPIRATION ----------------------------------
NAME GRANTED 1999(2) SHARE DATE 5% 10%
- ---- -------- ------------ --------- ---------- ------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Hong Liang Lu............. 400,000 6.6% $4.50 09/01/09 $9,928,041 $16,874,946
Ying Wu................... 80,000 1.3 4.50 04/26/09 1,985,608 3,374,989
Shao-Ning J. Chou......... 120,000 2.0 4.50 02/20/09 2,978,412 5,062,484
Gerald Soloway............ 114,000 1.9 4.50 02/20/09 2,829,492 4,809,360
30,000 0.5 4.50 07/08/09 744,603 1,265,621
20,000 0.3 9.38 12/27/09 398,802 746,147
Bill Huang................ -- -- -- -- -- --
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) Potential realizable values are computed by (a) multiplying the number of
shares of common stock subject to a given option by the initial public
offering price of $18.00 per share, (b) assuming that the aggregate stock
value derived from that calculation compounds at the annual 5% or 10% rate
shown in the table for the entire ten-year term of the option and
(c) subtracting from that result the aggregate option exercise price. The 5%
and 10% assumed annual rates of stock price appreciation are mandated by the
rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and do not represent our
estimate or projection of future common stock prices.
(2) Based on an aggregate of 6,055,310 shares subject to options granted to our
employees in 1999.
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OPTION EXERCISES AND HOLDINGS
The following table sets forth the number of shares of common stock acquired
and the value realized upon exercise of stock options and provides summary
information concerning the shares of our common stock subject to outstanding
stock options held as of December 31, 1999 by each of the executive officers
named in the Summary Compensation Table above.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SECURITIES
UNDERLYING VALUE OF UNEXERCISED
NUMBER OF UNEXERCISED OPTIONS AT IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS AT
SHARES DECEMBER 31, 1999 DECEMBER 31, 1999(2)
ACQUIRED ON VALUE --------------------------- -----------------------------------------
NAME EXERCISE REALIZED(1) EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE
- ---- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------- ----------- ---------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Hong Liang Lu............... -- $ -- 200,000 400,000 $ 3,247,320 $ 5,400,000
Ying Wu..................... -- -- 926,480 80,000 15,885,611 1,080,000
Shao-Ning J. Chou........... -- -- 337,034 166,666 5,631,712 2,405,823
Gerald Soloway.............. -- -- 20,000 192,000 284,999 2,508,400
Bill Huang.................. 217,016 3,752,836 438,996 17,992 7,501,364 322,732
</TABLE>
- ----------
(1) Based on the initial public offering price of $18.00 per share, minus the
per share exercise price, multiplied by the number of shares issued upon
exercise of the option.
(2) The value of unexercised in-the-money options is calculated based on the
difference between the initial public offering price of $18.00 per share and
the exercise price for the shares, multiplied by the number of shares
underlying the option.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
1992 OMNIBUS EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN. On April 12, 1992, the Board of
Directors adopted our 1992 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, which our stockholders
ratified on December 9, 1994. Under the 1992 plan, directors, employees and
consultants were eligible to acquire shares of common stock pursuant to options,
stock purchase rights and stock appreciation rights. At the time of adoption,
2,400,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the 1992 plan.
As of December 31, 1999, there were 1,620,328 shares authorized for issuances
under the 1992 plan, and options to purchase 41,728 shares of common stock were
outstanding. On July 31, 1995, the Board of Directors elected not to grant any
further options under the 1992 plan.
THE 1995 STOCK PLAN. On July 31, 1995, the Board of Directors adopted, and
in October 1995, our stockholders approved, our 1995 Stock Plan. Under the 1995
plan, officers, employees and consultants were eligible to acquire shares of
common stock pursuant to options or stock purchase rights. At the time of
adoption, 3,705,232 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the
1995 plan. In 1995 and 1996, our Board and stockholders added an additional
5,400,000 shares to the 1995 plan, raising the total number of authorized shares
reserved under the 1995 plan to 9,105,232. As of December 31, 1999, there were
6,711,744 shares authorized for issuance under the 1995 plan and options to
purchase 6,125,644 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 1995 plan.
On January 31, 1997, the Board of Directors elected not to grant any further
options under the 1995 plan. Upon the adoption of the 1997 plan, all remaining
unissued shares under the 1995 plan not already subject to options or other
awards ceased to be reserved for issuance under the 1995 plan.
THE 1997 STOCK PLAN. On January 31, 1997, the Board of Directors adopted,
and our stockholders approved, our 1997 Stock Plan. Under the 1997 plan,
officers, employees and consultants are eligible to receive options to purchase
shares of common stock and stock purchase rights. In December 1999, the Board of
Directors amended the 1997 plan, which our stockholders approved in February
2000. We are currently authorized to issue up to 10,878,285 shares subject to
options. Upon the closing of this offering, we will be authorized to issue up to
12,903,841 shares subject to options. During the term of the 1997 plan, the
number of shares issuable under the plan will be increased annually on the first
day
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<PAGE>
of each fiscal year beginning in 2001 by an amount equal to the lesser of
6,000,000 shares or 4% of the outstanding shares of our common stock on that
date, or a lesser amount determined by the Board. The plan terminates in January
2007, but may be terminated earlier by the Board of Directors. As of
December 31, 1999, there were options to purchase 8,238,342 shares of common
stock outstanding under the 1997 plan. The Compensation Committee administers
the 1997 plan.
Options granted under the 1997 plan may be incentive stock options, or ISOs,
which are intended to qualify for favorable federal income tax treatment under
the provisions of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
or non-qualified stock options, or NSOs, which do not so qualify. The
Compensation Committee selects the eligible persons to whom options will be
granted and determines the grant date, amounts, exercise prices, vesting periods
and other relevant terms of the options, including whether the options will be
ISOs or NSOs. The exercise price of ISOs granted under the 1997 plan may not be
less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date,
while the exercise price of NSOs can be determined by the Compensation Committee
in its discretion. Options are generally not transferable during the life of the
optionee.
Options vest and become exercisable as determined by the Compensation
Committee. Options may generally be exercised at any time after they vest and
before their expiration date as determined by the Compensation Committee.
However, no option may be exercised more than 10 years after the grant date.
Options will generally terminate (i) 12 months after the death or permanent
disability of an optionee and (ii) 90 days after termination of employment for
any other reason. The aggregate fair market value of the shares of common stock
represented by ISOs that become exercisable in any calendar year may not exceed
$100,000. Options in excess of this limit are treated as NSOs.
In the event we are merged with or into another corporation, or all or
substantially all of our assets are sold, each outstanding option will be
assumed or an equivalent option or right will be substituted by the successor
corporation or its parent or subsidiary. If the successor corporation refuses to
assume or substitute for the option or right, the options or rights will
automatically vest and become exercisable in full for a period of at least
fifteen days, after which time the option will terminate.
Under the 1997 plan, we may grant stock purchase rights to eligible
participants. Any shares purchased pursuant to stock purchase rights will be
subject to a restricted stock purchase agreement. Unless the Compensation
Committee determines otherwise, this agreement will grant us a right to
repurchase the stock upon the voluntary or involuntary termination of the
employee for any reason, including death or disability. The purchase price for
repurchased shares will be the original price paid and may be paid by
cancellation of any indebtedness owed to us. The shares of stock subject to the
right of repurchase lapse over time.
As of December 31, 1999, an aggregate of 16,831,090 shares of common stock
were authorized for issuance under our stock plans, 14,405,714 of which were
subject to outstanding options and 172,243 of which were available for grant.
2000 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN. In December 1999, the Board of Directors
adopted the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Our stockholders approved the
stock purchase plan in February 2000. Subject to meeting federal and state
securities law requirements, the stock purchase plan will become effective upon
the consummation of this offering, or as soon as practicable thereafter.
The purpose of the stock purchase plan is to provide a competitive equity
compensation program and to provide our employees with an opportunity and
incentive to acquire an ownership interest in our company, which more closely
aligns the interests of our employees and stockholders. We have reserved
2,000,000 shares of common stock for sale under the stock purchase plan. The
number of shares reserved for sale under the plan will be increased annually on
the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2001 by an amount equal to the
lesser of 4,000,000 shares or 2% of the outstanding shares of our common stock
on that date, or a lesser amount determined by the Board of Directors. The stock
purchase plan will be administered by the Board or a committee appointed by the
Board.
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The stock purchase plan is implemented by offering periods, the duration of
which may not exceed 24 months. Offering periods may contain interim purchase
periods. Shares purchased under the stock purchase plan will be held in separate
accounts for each participant. The first offering period shall begin on the
effective date of this offering and shall end on the last trading day on or
before April 30, 2002.
Employees will be eligible to participate in the stock purchase plan if they
are employed by us for more than 20 hours per week and more than five months in
a calendar year. The stock purchase plan permits eligible employees to purchase
our common stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of the
employee's total compensation. Stock may be purchased under the plan at a price
equal to 85% of the fair market value of our stock on either the date of
purchase or the first day of the offering period, whichever is lower. However,
the Board of Directors may in its discretion provide that the price at which
shares of common stock are purchased under the plan shall be 85% of the fair
market value of our shares on the date of purchase. Participants may not
purchase shares of common stock having a value greater than $25,000 during any
calendar year.
Participants may increase or decrease their payroll deductions at any time
during an offering period, subject to limits imposed by the Board of Directors.
If a participant withdraws from the stock purchase plan, any contributions that
have not been used to purchase shares shall be refunded. A participant who has
withdrawn may not participate in the stock purchase plan again until the next
offering period. In the event of retirement or cessation of employment for any
reason, any contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares will be
refunded to the participant, or to the participant's designated beneficiary in
the case of death, and a certificate will be issued for the full shares in the
participant's account.
The Board of Directors may terminate or amend the stock purchase plan,
subject to stockholder approval in some circumstances. Unless terminated earlier
by the Board, the stock purchase plan will have a term of 10 years.
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
Mr. Lu is a party to an employment and non-competition agreement dated
October 6, 1995. Under this agreement, Mr. Lu is to be paid $150,000 annually,
which amount may be increased by the Board of Directors, and is entitled to a
bonus each year as determined by the Board. Although Mr. Lu's employment is "at
will," we must give him 60 days notice of termination for any reason other than
voluntary termination, termination as a result of death or disability or
termination for cause.
Mr. Wu is a party to an employment and non-competition agreement dated
October 6, 1995. Under this agreement, Mr. Wu is to be paid $150,000 annually,
which amount may be increased by the Board of Directors, and is entitled to a
bonus each year as determined by the Board. Although Mr. Wu's employment is "at
will," we must give him 60 days notice of termination for any reason other than
voluntary termination, termination as a result of death or disability or
termination for cause.
Mr. Huang is a party to an employment and non-competition agreement dated
October 6, 1995. Under this agreement, Mr. Huang is to be paid $90,000 annually,
which amount may be increased by the Board of Directors, and is entitled to a
bonus each year as determined by the Board. Although Mr. Huang's employment is
"at will," we must give him 60 days notice of termination for any reason other
than voluntary termination, termination as a result of death or disability or
termination for cause.
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
We have adopted provisions in our certificate of incorporation that limit
the personal liability of our directors for monetary damages arising from their
breach of fiduciary duty as directors to the fullest extent permitted by
Delaware law. This limitation of liability does not apply to liabilities arising
under the federal securities laws and does not affect the availability of
equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or recession.
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Our certificate of incorporation also authorizes us to indemnify our
officers, directors, employees and agents who are made or threatened to be made
a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or
investigative, to the fullest extent permitted under Delaware law.
As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, our bylaws which will
become effective upon the completion of this offering provide that:
- we are required to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest
extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law;
- we are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and
officers in connection with a legal proceeding to the fullest extent
permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law;
- we may indemnify our other employees and agents to the extent that we
indemnify our officers and directors; and
- the rights to indemnification provided in the bylaws are not exclusive.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our current
directors and some of our executive officers. In addition, we intend to enter
into indemnification agreements with each of our other executive officers. These
agreements provide our directors and executive officers with additional
protection regarding the scope of the indemnification set forth in our
certificate of incorporation and bylaws.
We currently have a directors' and officers' insurance policy. At present,
there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any director, officer or
employee of ours in which indemnification by us is sought. In addition, we are
not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding that may result in a claim
for indemnification.
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK ISSUANCES
Since January 1, 1997, we have issued and sold in private placement
transactions shares of our common stock, preferred stock and warrants for the
purchase of our common stock to our executive officers, directors and/or greater
than 5% stockholders as described below.
From December 1996 to February 1997, we issued and sold 12,209,302 shares of
Series C preferred stock at $3.44 per share and 1,379,754 shares of Series C
preferred stock at $4.13 per share. The investors in the Series C financing
included SOFTBANK Ventures, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of SOFTBANK CORP.,
which purchased 2,034,884 shares of Series C preferred stock for $7,000,000 in
cash and SOFTBANK Holdings Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of SOFTBANK CORP.,
which purchased 10,225,272 shares of Series C preferred stock for $12,718.02 in
cash and $34,987,281.98 payable in accordance with a promissory note. The
promissory note has been paid in full. SOFTBANK Holdings Inc. has subsequently
transferred its shares of Series C preferred stock to SOFTBANK America Inc., a
wholly owned subsidiary of SOFTBANK Holdings Inc. Masayoshi Son, our Chairman of
the Board, is President and Chief Executive Officer of SOFTBANK CORP. and
Yoshitaka Kitao, one of our directors, is Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer of SOFTBANK CORP. SOFTBANK Holdings Inc. has subsequently
transferred its shares of Series B preferred stock to SOFTBANK America Inc., a
wholly owned subsidiary of SOFTBANK Holdings Inc.
In October 1997, the Company issued and sold 8,032,128 shares of Series D
preferred stock at $6.225 per share to SOFTBANK Holdings, which purchased
5,918,410 shares of Series D preferred stock and SOFTBANK Contents Fund, a
Japanese partnership of which SOFTBANK Partners is a managing partner, which
purchased 2,113,718 shares of Series D preferred stock. SOFTBANK Holdings Inc.
and SOFTBANK Contents Fund have subsequently transferred their shares of
Series D preferred stock to SOFTBANK America Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of
SOFTBANK Holdings Inc.
From October 1997 to March 1998, we issued an aggregate of 30,269,318 shares
of Series E preferred stock in a one-for-one exchange for shares of our common
stock pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and a Regulation S Exchange Agreement.
All of our stockholders were eligible to participate in the exchange on a pro
rata basis. Stockholders who received shares of Series E Preferred stock as part
of the exchange include: Hong Lu, our President, Chief Executive Officer and one
of our directors, who received 3,121,182 shares; Ying Wu, our Vice Chairman of
the Board of Directors, Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer,
China Operations, who received 2,971,776 shares; Yalang Wang Wu, the wife of
Mr. Wu, who received 160,000 shares; Chauncey Shey, one of our directors, who
received 2,575,776 shares; Charles Xue, our Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors and Secretary, who received 2,105,554 shares; Bill Huang, our Vice
President and Chief Technology Officer, who received 256,000 shares; Paul
Berkowitz, our Vice President of International Sales, who received 187,536
shares; William Wittmeyer, then one of our directors, who received 21,328
shares; UT Finance LTD, which received 363,640 shares; and Technology Funding
Ventures IV and V, for which Thomas J. Toy, one of our directors, was a partner,
received an aggregate of 581,824 shares.
Following the Series E share exchange, several of our stockholders sold an
aggregate of 5,459,944 shares of Series E preferred stock at $5.445 per share to
SOFTBANK Holdings, Inc. and SOFTBANK Contents Fund. Stockholders who sold shares
to SOFTBANK Holdings include: Hong Lu, our President, Chief Executive Officer
and one of our directors, who sold 200,000 shares; Ying Wu, our Vice Chairman of
the Board of Directors, Executive Vice President and Chief Executive Officer,
China Operations, who sold 400,000 shares; Chauncey Shey, one of our directors,
who sold 400,000 shares; Charles Xue, our Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors and Secretary, who sold 300,000 shares; Bill Huang, our Vice President
and Chief Technology Officer, who sold 20,000 shares; William Wittmeyer, then
one of our directors, who sold 21,328 shares; and Technology Funding Ventures IV
and V, which
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sold an aggregate of 581,824 shares. SOFTBANK Holdings and SOFTBANK Contents
Fund later transferred the 5,459,944 shares to SOFTBANK America Inc.
In August 1999, we distributed all of the shares of DirecTouch
Communications Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary, to our stockholders on a pro
rata basis. Stockholders who received this distribution of DirecTouch shares
included: SOFTBANK America Inc., which received 40,960,096 shares; SOFTBANK
Ventures Inc., which received 2,034,884 shares; Hong Lu, who received 3,086,872
shares; Ying Wu, who received 2,745,696 shares; Yalan Wang Wu, Ying Wu's wife,
who received 160,000 shares; Ashley Wu, Mr. Wu's daughter, who received 21,040
shares; Richard Wu, Mr. Wu's son, who received 21,040 shares; Wu Partners, a
California limited partnership, which received 2,200,000 shares; Chauncey Shey,
who received 2,175,776 shares; Qiwei Qiu, Trustee of the Rebecca Shey
Trust--1997 UTA dated December 20, 1997, who received 12,000 shares; Shey
Partners, a California limited partnership, which received 2,740,000 shares;
Bill Huang, who received 433,016 shares; Alexander Huang, Mr. Huang's son, who
received 2,000 shares; Helen Huang, Mr. Huang's daughter, who received 2,000
shares; Paul Berkowitz, who received 45,208 shares; Patricia Berkowitz,
Mr. Berkowitz's wife, who received 61,120 shares; and Paul Berkowitz as
custodian for his children Amy, Karen and Lisa, who received an aggregate of
42,000 shares. In connection with the distribution of DirecTouch shares, we
adopted a 1999 Special Stock Option Plan to distribute options to purchase
shares of DirecTouch common stock to each of our optionees who held vested
options. We distributed options to purchase an aggregate of 7,024,242 shares of
DirecTouch common stock. Optionees who received the vested options to purchase
DirecTouch shares included: Hong Lu, who received options to purchase 133,336
shares; Ying Wu, who received options to purchase 926,480 shares; Chauncey Shey,
who received options to purchase 926,480 shares; Bill Huang, who received
options to purchase 353,334 shares; Shao-Ning J. Chou, who received options to
purchase 288,938 shares; Paul Berkowitz, who received options to purchase
438,924 shares; and Gerald Soloway, who received options to purchase 14,000
shares.
From November 1999 through December 1999, we issued and sold an aggregate of
6,767,316 shares of Series F preferred stock at $8.1273 per share. The investors
that participated in the financing included Intel Pacific, Inc., which purchased
4,921,684 shares of Series F preferred stock for $40,000,000.
In December 1999, we acquired the minority interest of our Wacos, Inc.
subsidiary through a statutory merger. The outstanding shares of Wacos common
stock and preferred stock were converted into shares of our Series G preferred
stock. The Wacos stockholders who received our Series G preferred stock in the
merger included: SOFTBANK America Inc., which received 3,691,534 shares; Hong
Lu, who received 39,582 shares; Ying Wu, who received 35,984 shares; Chauncey
Shey, who received 35,984 shares; Bill Huang, who received 359,844 shares; and
Paul Berkowitz, who received 14,392 shares.
LOANS
In October 1996, we loaned Bill Huang, our Vice President and Chief
Technology Officer and one of our stockholders, the sum of $156,627 to purchase
a house. The loan bears simple interest at the rate of 3% per annum, payable
within ten years. The outstanding balance, including accrued interest, as of
December 31, 1999 was $146,615.
In June 1998, we entered into a loan agreement with SOFTBANK CORP. We
borrowed a total of $25.0 million on June 30, 1998. This loan was repaid in full
in 1999.
In February 1999, we loaned Bill Huang $153,453 to allow him to exercise
expiring stock options. The loan is secured by a deed of trust. The loan bears
no interest and is due and payable within three years.
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CERTAIN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS
In October 1995, we entered into a Contract on Joint Development of Internet
Services with China Jitong Communications Co., Ltd. This contract was superseded
in June 1998 by the Information Service Project Contract between UTStarcom
(China) Ltd., our subsidiary, and Jitong, whereby we agreed to provide equipment
to Jitong for this project. In connection with this arrangement, we entered into
a Payment Agent Contract with UTStarcom China, Jitong and SOFTBANK, under which
SOFTBANK agreed to provide a support fund of $10 million for our equipment and
Jitong's construction costs. On August 30, 1999, we entered into a contract
termination agreement with Jitong, SOFTBANK and UTStarcom China under which the
parties agreed to terminate all existing contracts and agreements regarding the
project. Under the termination agreement, Jitong agreed to repay all funds
advanced to Jitong. Jitong has repaid its obligation in full, which totaled the
equivalent of $11.6 million.
We believe that all of the transactions set forth above were made on terms
no less favorable to us than could have been obtained from unaffiliated third
parties. We intend that all future transactions, including loans, between us and
our officers, directors, principal stockholders and their affiliates will be
approved by a majority of the Board of Directors, including a majority of the
independent and disinterested directors on the Board of Directors, and will be
on terms no less favorable to us than could be obtained from unaffiliated third
parties.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information known to us regarding the
beneficial ownership of our common stock as of January 31, 2000, after giving
effect to the conversion of all outstanding preferred stock into common stock on
a one-for-one basis, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of shares of common
stock offered by this prospectus, by:
- each stockholder who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of
our common stock;
- each of our executive officers listed on the Summary Compensation Table
under "Management;"
- each of our directors; and
- all of our executive officers and directors as a group.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENT
NUMBER OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED(1)
BENEFICIALLY --------------------------------
NAME AND ADDRESS OF BENEFICIAL OWNER OWNED(1) BEFORE OFFERING AFTER OFFERING
- ------------------------------------ ---------------- --------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Entities affiliated with SOFTBANK CORP.(2)......... 46,686,514 58.9% 52.3%
c/o SOFTBANK CORP.
24-1 Nihonbashi-Hakozakicho
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8501 JAPAN
Masayoshi Son(3)................................... 46,686,514 58.9% 52.3%
c/o SOFTBANK CORP.
24-1 Nihonbashi-Hakozakicho
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8501 JAPAN
Yoshitaka Kitao(4)................................. 46,736,514 58.9% 52.3%
c/o SOFTBANK CORP.
24-1 Nihonbashi-Hakozakicho
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8501 JAPAN
Ying Wu(5)......................................... 6,110,240 7.6% 6.8%
c/o UTStarcom (China) Ltd.
11th Floor, CNT Manhattan Building
No. 6 Chao Yang Men Be Da Jie Street
Beijing, 100027 China
Chauncey Shey(6)................................... 5,517,146 6.9% 6.1%
788 Hong Xu Road, #43
Suite 1501
Shanghai, 201103 China
Intel Pacific, Inc................................. 4,921,684 6.2% 5.5%
2200 Mission College Blvd.
Santa Clara, CA 95052-8119
Hong Lu(7)......................................... 3,326,454 4.2% 3.7%
Charles Xue(8)..................................... 1,977,328 2.5% 2.2%
Thomas J. Toy(9)................................... 50,000 * *
Bill Huang(10)..................................... 1,221,556 1.5% 1.4%
Shao-Ning J. Chou(11).............................. 369,534 * *
Gerald Soloway(12)................................. 53,875 * *
All executive officers and directors as a
group (13 persons)(13)........................... 65,978,974 79.7% 71.1%
</TABLE>
- ----------
* Less than 1%.
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(1) Assumes no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option. Beneficial
ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and
Exchange Commission and generally includes voting power or investment power
with respect to securities. All shares of common stock subject to options
exercisable within 60 days following January 31, 2000, are deemed to be
outstanding and beneficially owned by the person holding those options for
the purpose of computing the number of shares beneficially owned and the
percentage ownership of that person. They are not, however, deemed to be
outstanding and beneficially owned for the purpose of computing the
percentage ownership of any other person. Accordingly, percent ownership is
based on: (i) before this offering, 79,308,887 shares of common stock
outstanding as of January 31, 2000 plus any shares issuable pursuant to
options held by the person or group in question which may be exercised
either within 60 days of January 31, 2000, or upon the closing of this
offering; and (ii) after this offering, an additional 10,000,000 shares to
be issued in the offering. Except as indicated in the other footnotes to
this table and subject to applicable community property laws, based on
information provided by persons named in the table, each person or entity
has sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares shown as
beneficially owned.
(2) Includes 44,651,630 shares registered in the name of SOFTBANK
America, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and 2,034,884 shares registered in
the name of SOFTBANK Ventures, Inc., a Japanese corporation. SOFTBANK
America, Inc., is a wholly owned subsidiary of SOFTBANK Holdings Inc., a
Massachusetts corporation. SOFTBANK Holdings Inc. and SOFTBANK
Ventures, Inc., are wholly owned subsidiaries of SOFTBANK CORP., a Japanese
corporation.
(3) Represents 46,686,514 shares beneficially owned by entities affiliated with
SOFTBANK CORP. Mr. Son is President, Chief Executive Officer and major
stockholder of SOFTBANK CORP. Mr. Son disclaims beneficial ownership of
these shares except to the extent of his proportionate ownership interest
of SOFTBANK CORP.
(4) Includes 46,686,514 shares beneficially owned by entities affiliated with
SOFTBANK CORP. Mr. Kitao is Executive Vice President and Chief Financial
Officer of SOFTBANK CORP. Mr. Kitao disclaims beneficial ownership of these
shares except to the extent of his proportionate ownership interest of
SOFTBANK CORP. Includes 50,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options
that are exercisable upon the closing of this offering.
(5) Includes 2,200,000 shares registered in the name of Wu Partners, a
California Limited Partnership, of which Mr. Wu is general partner.
Includes 160,000 shares registered in the name of Yalan Wang Wu, 23,774
shares registered in the name of Ashley Wu, and 23,774 shares registered in
the name of Richard Wu. Yalan Wang Wu is Mr. Wu's wife and Ashley Wu and
Richard Wu are Mr. Wu's children. Mr. Wu may be deemed the beneficial owner
of the shares. Includes 926,480 shares issuable upon exercise of options
that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2000.
(6) Includes 2,730,600 shares owned by Shey Partners, a California Limited
Partnership, of which Mr. Shey is a general partner and 16,000 shares
registered in the name of Qiwei Qiu, trustee of the Rebecca Shey
Trust--1997 UTA dated December 20, 1997. Qiwei Qiu, trustee, is Mr. Shey's
wife and Rebecca Shey is Mr. Shey's daughter. Mr. Shey may be deemed the
beneficial owner of the shares. Includes 926,480 shares issuable upon
exercise of options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31,
2000. Includes 20,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are
exercisable upon the closing of this offering.
(7) Includes 2,666 shares registered in the name of Brian Lu, 2,666 shares
registered in the name of Benjamin Lu, and 2,666 shares registered in the
name of Melissa Lu. Brian Lu, Benjamin Lu and Melissa Lu are Mr. Lu's
children. Mr. Lu may be deemed the beneficial owner of the shares.
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Includes 200,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are
exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2000.
(8) Includes 40,000 shares registered in the name of Ann Hu. Ann Hu is
Mr. Xue's spouse. Mr. Xue may be deemed the beneficial owner of the shares.
Includes 20,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are
exercisable upon the closing of this offering.
(9) Includes 50,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are
exercisable upon the closing of this offering.
(10) Includes 3,300 shares registered in the name of Alexander Huang, and 3,300
shares registered in the name of Helen Huang. Alexander Huang and Helen
Huang are Mr. Huang's children. Mr. Huang may be deemed the beneficial
owner of the shares. Includes 438,996 shares issuable upon exercise of
options that are exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2000.
(11) Includes 369,534 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are
exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2000.
(12) Includes 53,875 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are
exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2000.
(13) Includes 3,366,372 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are
exercisable within 60 days of January 31, 2000. Includes 140,000 shares
issuable upon exercise of options that are exercisable upon the closing of
this offering.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Upon the closing of this offering, our authorized capital stock will consist
of 250,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.00125 par value, and 5,000,000 shares
of preferred stock, $0.00125 par value.
The following is a summary of the material terms of our common stock and
preferred stock. Please see our certificate of incorporation, filed as an
exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, for
more detailed information.
COMMON STOCK
As of December 31, 1999, there were 79,307,159 shares of common stock
outstanding held of record by 152 stockholders, after giving effect to the
conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into common stock on a
one-for-one basis. Additionally, options to purchase an aggregate of
14,405,714 shares of common stock were outstanding under our stock plans. The
holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters
submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be
applicable to outstanding preferred stock, the holders of common stock are
entitled to receive ratably any dividends as may be declared from time to time
by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available for dividends. If our
company is liquidated, dissolved or wound up, the holders of common stock are
entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after the payment of
liabilities, subject to prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders
of common stock have no preemptive, conversion or redemption rights. Each
outstanding share of common stock is, and all shares of common stock to be
outstanding upon completion of this offering will be, fully paid and
non-assessable.
PREFERRED STOCK
Upon the closing of this offering, all outstanding shares of preferred stock
will be converted on a one-for-one basis into an aggregate of 70,377,322 shares
of common stock. Thereafter, up to 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred
stock will be authorized for issuance. Our Board of Directors will have the
authority, without further action by our stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000
shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights,
preferences and privileges of any preferred stock it determines to issue. Any or
all of these rights may be greater than the rights of the common stock.
The issuance of preferred stock may have the effect of delaying or
preventing a change in control of our company or make removal of our management
more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of preferred stock could decrease the
amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to the holders of
common stock or could adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting
rights, of the holders of common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could
also cause the market price of our common stock to decline. At present, we have
no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
WARRANTS
As of December 31, 1999, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 532,000 shares
of our common stock were outstanding. One warrant is for the purchase of 32,000
shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.50 per share and expires on
February 5, 2008. The other warrant is for the purchase of 500,000 shares of
common stock at an exercise price of $6.25 per share. The warrant for 500,000
shares expires on the earlier of December 11, 2003 or the closing of this
offering.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
Under an agreement dated December 14, 1999, the holders of 50,254,952 shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase approximately 532,000 shares of common
stock are entitled to have us
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register these shares under the Securities Act. Subject to the terms of the
agreement, the holders may require us on one occasion to register these
securities for public resale at our expense. Demand for registration may be made
by the holders of at least one-third of the shares that are entitled to this
registration. Furthermore, the holders have the right to require us on not more
than two occasions during any twelve-month period, to register all or a portion
of their shares with registration rights on Form S-3 under the Securities Act.
We are also limited from registering securities for our own account for 90 days
after an effective registration initiated by these holders. In addition, if we
intend to register any of our common stock either for our own account or for the
account of other security holders, holders possessing registration rights must
consent to the offering and can elect to participate in the offering. All
registration rights are subject to conditions and limitations, including the
right of the underwriters of an offering to limit the number of shares included
in any registration.
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS UNDER DELAWARE LAW
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law
regulating corporate takeovers, which prohibits us from engaging in a "business
combination" with an "interested stockholder," for a period of three years after
the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:
- prior to that date, the Board of Directors approved either the business
combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming
an interested stockholder;
- upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder
becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at
least 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction
commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the number of shares
outstanding shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers,
and employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the
right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan
will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
- on or subsequent to that date, the business combination is approved by the
Board of Directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of
stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the
outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.
A "business combination" is defined to include mergers, asset or stock sales
and other transactions resulting in financial benefit to a stockholder. Except
as specified in Section 203, an "interested stockholder" is a person who,
together with affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own,
15% or more of our outstanding voting stock.
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws do not exclude us from the
restrictions imposed under Section 203. The existence of Section 203 would be
expected to have the effect of discouraging hostile takeover attempts or
delaying changes in control of our company, which could depress the market price
of our common stock and deprive stockholders of opportunities to realize a
premium on shares of common stock held by them.
CHARTER AND BYLAW PROVISIONS REGARDING ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS
Some provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may
discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company or management
that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions include:
- authorizing the Board of Directors to issue additional preferred stock;
- prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;
- limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders;
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- prohibiting stockholder action by written consent;
- creating a classified Board of Directors pursuant to which our directors
are elected for staggered three year terms; and
- establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to
the Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by
stockholders at stockholder meetings.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is Boston EquiServe
LLP. The transfer agent's telephone number is (781) 575-3010. The transfer
agent's address is 150 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our common
stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public
market, or the possibility of these sales, could cause the trading price of our
common stock to decrease.
Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding 89,307,159 shares
of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment
options and no exercise of outstanding options or warrants to purchase common
stock after December 31, 1999. Of these shares, the 10,000,000 shares sold in
this offering will be freely tradable without restriction, except for shares
purchased by our affiliates, as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act,
which would be subject to the limitations and restrictions described below.
The remaining 79,307,159 shares of common stock outstanding upon completion
of this offering will be "restricted securities" as defined in Rule 144. These
shares may be sold in the public market only if registered under the Securities
Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rules 144 or 701
of the Securities Act, which are summarized below.
Holders of substantially all of these restricted securities, including all
of our officers and directors and the entities affiliated with them, have
entered into lock-up agreements. The agreements provide that, subject to limited
exceptions, the holders will not sell, directly or indirectly, any common stock
for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior
consent of Merrill Lynch.
On the date the lock-up agreement expires, 72,539,843 of the restricted
securities will become eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144. The remaining
6,767,316 shares of common stock will be eligible for sale under Rule 144 at
varying times after expiration of the lock-up period.
In general, under Rule 144, beginning 90 days after the date of this
prospectus, a person, or persons whose shares are aggregated, who has
beneficially owned restricted securities for at least one year, including
persons who may be deemed to be our "affiliates," would be entitled to sell
within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the
greater of one percent of the then outstanding shares of our common stock or the
average weekly trading volume of our common stock during the four calendar weeks
before the sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to manner of sale and
notice requirements, as well as the availability of current public information
about us.
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been our affiliate at
any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the
shares proposed to be sold for at least two years, is entitled to sell the
shares without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume
limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144.
Shares issued upon exercise of options granted by us prior to the date of
this prospectus will be available for sale in the public market under Rule 701
of the Securities Act. Rule 701 provides that, beginning 90 days after the date
of this prospectus, persons other than affiliates may sell shares of our common
stock acquired from us in connection with our stock option plans, subject only
to the manner of sale provisions of Rule 144. Beginning 90 days after the date
of this prospectus, affiliates may sell these shares of our common stock subject
to all provisions of Rule 144 except the one year minimum holding period.
As of December 31, 1999, options to purchase an aggregate of
14,405,714 shares of common stock were outstanding under our stock option plans.
Shortly after this offering, we intend to file registration statements on
Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register 2,000,000 shares of common stock
reserved for issuance under our employee stock purchase plan and up to
19,071,213 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our stock option
plans. Any vested shares registered under these registration statements will be
available for sale in the open market immediately upon effectiveness of
75
<PAGE>
the registration statement, subject to the expiration of the lock-up period and
Rule 144 volume limitations applicable to our affiliates.
In addition, after this offering, the holders of 50,254,952 shares of common
stock and warrants to purchase 532,000 shares of common stock are entitled to
registration rights. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would
result in these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the
Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration statement,
subject to the expiration of the lock-up period.
76
<PAGE>
UNDERWRITING
GENERAL
We intend to offer our common stock through a number of U.S. underwriters.
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Banc of America Securities
LLC and U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc. are acting as representatives of the
U.S. underwriters named below. In addition, a syndicate of Japanese underwriters
will be offering 2,000,000 shares of our common stock in Japan. Subject to the
terms and conditions described in a purchase agreement between us and the U.S.
underwriters, and concurrently with the sale of 2,000,000 shares of our common
stock to the Japanese underwriters, we have agreed to sell to the U.S.
underwriters, and each of the U.S. underwriters severally and not jointly has
agreed to purchase from us, the number of shares of our common stock listed
opposite its name below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER
U.S. UNDERWRITERS OF SHARES
- ----------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith
Incorporated...................................... 3,600,000
Banc of America Securities LLC.............................. 2,160,000
U.S. Bancorp Piper Jaffray Inc.............................. 1,440,000
Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation...................... 110,000
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc................................ 110,000
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc.......................... 110,000
Hambrecht & Quist LLC....................................... 110,000
First Analysis Securities Corporation....................... 90,000
Laidlaw Global Securities, Inc.............................. 90,000
Ramirez & Co., Inc.......................................... 90,000
Sutro & Co. Incorporated.................................... 90,000
---------
Total............................................. 8,000,000
=========
</TABLE>
We have also entered into a purchase agreement with the Japanese
underwriters for the sale of the shares of our common stock in Japan for whom
Merrill Lynch Japan Incorporated and E*TRADE Securities Co., Ltd. are acting as
lead managers. Subject to the terms and conditions in the Japanese purchase
agreement, and concurrently with the sale of 8,000,000 shares of our common
stock to the U.S. underwriters pursuant to the U.S. purchase agreement, we have
agreed to sell to the Japanese underwriters and the Japanese underwriters
severally have agreed to purchase from us 2,000,000 shares of our common stock.
The initial public offering price per share and the total underwriting discount
per share of our common stock are identical under the U.S. purchase agreement
and the Japanese purchase agreement.
Subject to the terms and conditions in the U.S. purchase agreement and the
Japanese purchase agreement, the underwriters have agreed to purchase all of the
shares of our common stock being sold pursuant to each of the purchase
agreements if any shares of our common stock are purchased. If an underwriter
defaults, the U.S. purchase agreement and the Japanese purchase agreement
provide that the purchase commitments of the nondefaulting underwriters may be
increased or the purchase agreements may be terminated. The closings for the
sale of shares of our common stock to be purchased by the U.S. underwriters and
the Japanese underwriters are conditioned on one another.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against some liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the
underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
The underwriters are offering the shares of our common stock, subject to
prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval
of legal matters by their counsel, including the
77
<PAGE>
validity of the shares, and other conditions contained in the purchase
agreements, such as the receipt of officer's certificates and legal opinions.
The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the
public and to reject orders in whole or in part.
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the Web sites
maintained by one or more of the underwriters of this offering. In particular,
E*TRADE Securities Co., Ltd. intends to make available on its Web site a
Japanese version of the prospectus. E*TRADE Securities Co., Ltd. also intends to
distribute shares of our common stock through the Internet. The other
underwriters also may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters for
sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be
allocated by the representatives and the lead managers to underwriters that may
make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.
The amount of shares registered by the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part includes any shares initially sold in Japan or elsewhere
outside the United States that are thereafter sold or resold in the United
States.
COMMISSIONS AND DISCOUNTS
The representatives and the lead managers have advised us that the
underwriters propose initially to offer the shares of our common stock to the
public at the initial public offering price on the cover page of this
prospectus, and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $.75
per share of our common stock. The underwriters may allow, and the dealers may
reallow, a discount not in excess of $.10 per share of our common stock to other
dealers. After the initial public offering, the public offering price,
concession and discount may be changed.
The following table shows the per share and total public offering price,
underwriting discount to be paid by us to the underwriters and the proceeds
before expenses to us. This information assumes either no exercise or full
exercise by the U.S. underwriters of their over-allotment option.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PER SHARE WITHOUT OPTION WITH OPTION
--------- -------------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Public offering price................................... $18.00 $180,000,000 $207,000,000
Underwriting discount................................... $1.26 $12,600,000 $14,490,000
Proceeds, before expenses, to UTStarcom................. $16.74 $167,400,000 $192,510,000
</TABLE>
The expenses of the offering, not including the underwriting discount, are
estimated at $2.9 million and are payable by us.
OVER-ALLOTMENT OPTION
We have granted an option to the U.S. underwriters to purchase up to
1,500,000 additional shares of our common stock at the initial public offering
price less the underwriting discount. The U.S. underwriters may exercise this
option for 30 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover any
over-allotments. If the U.S. underwriters exercise this option, each U.S.
underwriter will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the U.S.
purchase agreement, to purchase a number of additional shares of our common
stock proportionate to that U.S. underwriter's initial amount reflected in the
table above.
INTERSYNDICATE AGREEMENT
The U.S. underwriters and the Japanese underwriters have entered into an
intersyndicate agreement that provides for the coordination of their activities.
Under the intersyndicate agreement, the Japanese underwriters may sell shares of
our common stock to the U.S. underwriters for purposes of resale at the initial
public offering price, less an amount not greater than the selling concession.
Under the intersyndicate agreement, the U.S. underwriters and any dealer to whom
they sell shares of our common stock will not offer to sell or sell shares of
our common stock to Japanese persons or to
78
<PAGE>
persons they believe intend to resell to Japanese persons. Similarly, the
Japanese underwriters and any dealer to whom they sell shares of our common
stock will not offer to sell or sell shares of our common stock to persons other
than Japanese persons or to persons they believe intend to resell to persons
other than Japanese persons, except in the case of transactions under the
intersyndicate agreement.
RESERVED SHARES
At our request, the U.S. underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial
public offering price, up to 500,000 shares, or 5%, of the shares of our common
stock offered by this prospectus for sale to some of our directors, officers and
employees and their family members, and other persons with relationships with
us. The number of shares of our common stock available for sale to the general
public will be reduced to the extent those persons purchase the reserved shares.
Any reserved shares which are not orally confirmed for purchase within one day
of the pricing of this offering will be offered by the U.S. underwriters to the
general public on the same terms as the other shares offered by this prospectus.
NO SALES OF SIMILAR SECURITIES
We, our executive officers, directors and substantially all of our
stockholders, have agreed, with exceptions, not to sell or transfer any shares
of our common stock for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without first
obtaining the written consent of Merrill Lynch. Specifically, we and these other
individuals have agreed not to directly or indirectly:
- offer, pledge, sell or contract to sell any shares of our common stock;
- sell any option or contract to purchase any shares of our common stock;
- purchase any option or contract to sell any shares of our common stock;
- grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of any shares of our
common stock;
- lend or otherwise dispose of or transfer any shares of our common stock;
- request or demand that we file a registration statement related to the
shares of our common stock; or
- enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in
part, the economic consequence of ownership of any shares of our common
stock whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of
shares or other securities, in cash or otherwise.
This lockup provision applies to shares of our common stock and to
securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or repayable with
shares of our common stock. It also applies to shares of our common stock owned
now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the
person executing the agreement later acquires the power of disposition.
Merrill Lynch in its sole discretion may release any of the shares of our
common stock subject to the lock-up agreements at any time without notice. The
release of any lock-up is considered on a case by case basis. Factors in
deciding whether to release shares may include the length of time before the
lock-up expires, the number of shares involved, the reason for the requested
release, market conditions, the trading price of our common stock and whether
the person seeking the release is an officer, director or affiliate of
UTStarcom.
NASDAQ NATIONAL MARKET LISTING
Our common stock has been approved for quotation on the Nasdaq National
Market under the symbol "UTSI."
79
<PAGE>
Before this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock.
The initial public offering price will be determined through negotiations
between us, the representatives and the lead managers. In addition to prevailing
market conditions, the factors to be considered in determining the initial
public offering price are:
- the valuation multiples of publicly traded companies that the
representatives and the lead managers believe to be comparable to us;
- our financial information;
- the history of, and the prospects for, our company and the industry in
which we compete;
- an assessment of our management, its past and present operations, and the
prospects for, and timing of, our future revenues;
- the present state of our development; and
- the above factors in relation to market values and various valuation
measures of other companies engaged in activities similar to ours.
An active trading market for the shares of our common stock may not develop.
It is also possible that after the offering the shares of our common stock will
not trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price.
The underwriters do not expect to sell more than 5% of the shares of our
common stock in the aggregate to accounts over which they exercise discretionary
authority.
PRICE STABILIZATION, SHORT POSITIONS AND PENALTY BIDS
Until the distribution of the shares of our common stock is completed,
rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission may limit the underwriters and
selling group members from bidding for and purchasing shares of our common
stock. However, the representatives and the lead managers may engage in
transactions that stabilize the price of our common stock, such as bids or
purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.
If the underwriters create a short position in our common stock in
connection with this offering, i.e., if they sell more shares of our common
stock than are listed on the cover page of this prospectus, the representatives
and the lead managers may reduce that short position by purchasing shares of our
common stock in the open market. The representatives may also elect to reduce
any short position by exercising all or part of the over-allotment option
described above. Purchases of shares of our common stock to stabilize its price
or to reduce a short position may cause the price of our common stock to be
higher than it might be in the absence of these purchases.
The representatives and the lead managers may also impose a penalty bid on
the underwriters and selling group members. This means that if the
representatives or the lead managers purchase shares of our common stock in the
open market to reduce their short position or to stabilize the price of these
shares, they may reclaim the amount of the selling concession from the
underwriters and selling group members who sold those shares. The imposition of
a penalty bid may also affect the price of shares of our common stock in that it
discourages resales of those shares.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation or
prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions
described above may have on the price of shares of our common stock. In
addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation that
the representatives or the lead managers will engage in these transactions or
that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without
notice.
80
<PAGE>
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common stock offered by this prospectus will be passed
upon for UTStarcom by Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional
Corporation, Palo Alto, California. Carmen C. Chang, an associate at Wilson
Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, serves as our Assistant Secretary. Legal matters
relating to the laws in China are being passed upon for UTStarcom by Jun He Law
Offices, Beijing, China. The validity of the common stock offered by this
prospectus will be passed upon for the underwriters by Shearman & Sterling,
Menlo Park, California.
EXPERTS
Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, and
for each of the three years ended December 31, 1999 have been included in this
prospectus and in the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part
in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent
accountants, given upon the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and
accounting.
Summary information relating to the independent appraisal of Wacos, Inc.
performed in connection with our acquisition of the non-affiliated minority
interest of Wacos has been included in this prospectus and in the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part in reliance on the report of
Willamette Management Associates, independent appraisers, given upon the
authority of said firm as experts in valuation.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration
statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act. This prospectus, which is a part
of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth
in the registration statement, including items contained in the exhibits to the
registration statement. For further information about our company and the common
stock being offered by this prospectus, you should see the registration
statement and the exhibits, financial statements and notes filed with the
registration statement. Statements made in this prospectus concerning other
documents are not necessarily complete. The registration statement, including
exhibits, financial statements and notes, may be inspected without charge at the
public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at 450 Fifth Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the regional offices of the Commission
located at Seven World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10048, and the
Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago,
Illinois 60661. Copies may be obtained from the Commission upon payment of fees
prescribed by the Commission. Information on the operation of the public
reference room may be obtained by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330.
These reports and other information about our company may also be inspected
without charge at a Web site maintained by the Commission at http://www.sec.gov.
81
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Accountants........................... F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets................................. F-3
Consolidated Statements of Operations....................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity............. F-5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows....................... F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-7
PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)........ F-30
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statements of Operations--Year
Ended December 31, 1999................................... F-31
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial
Information............................................... F-32
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of UTStarcom, Inc.:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related
consolidated statements of operations and changes in stockholders' equity and of
cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
UTStarcom, Inc. and subsidiaries at December 31, 1998 and 1999 and the results
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years ended
December 31, 1999 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management;
our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based
on our audits. We conducted our audits of these financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards which require that we plan
and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the
financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes
examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for the opinion expressed above.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Francisco, California
February 18, 2000
F-2
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA
DECEMBER 31, STOCKHOLDERS'
------------------- EQUITY AT
1998 1999 DECEMBER 31,
-------- -------- 1999
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted cash of
$1,500 and $4,550 at
December 31, 1998 and 1999.............................. $ 17,626 $ 87,364
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts of $3,957
and $6,789 at December 31, 1998 and 1999................ 59,995 77,823
Receivable from related parties........................... 24,829 339
Inventories, net of allowance for obsolete inventory of
$2,445 and $6,415 at December 31, 1998 and 1999......... 20,644 55,204
Other..................................................... 2,569 8,326
-------- --------
Total current assets........................................ 125,663 229,056
Property, plant and equipment, net.......................... 8,345 8,168
Investment in affiliated companies.......................... 2,392 4,460
Intangible assets, net...................................... 1,585 25,132
Deferred tax assets......................................... 1,647 4,352
Net assets of discontinued operations....................... 2,146 --
Other....................................................... 343 620
-------- --------
Total assets.............................................. $142,121 $271,788
======== ========
LIABILITIES, MINORITY INTEREST AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 15,101 $ 21,745
Third party debt.......................................... 10,865 34,593
Debt to shareholder and related parties................... 27,561 8,745
Income taxes payable...................................... 1,297 2,985
Customer deposits......................................... 605 5,249
Other..................................................... 12,818 29,102
-------- --------
Total current liabilities................................... 68,247 102,419
-------- --------
Minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries.............. 1,538 3,649
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible preferred stock: $.00125 par value; authorized:
99,200,000 shares; issued 59,635,754 at December 31, 1998,
and 70,377,322 at December 31, 1999; liquidation value of
$259,608 at
December 31, 1999......................................... 74 88 $ --
Common stock: $.00125 par value; authorized: 142,800,000
shares; issued and outstanding: 9,172,864 at December 31,
1998, and 8,929,837 at December 31, 1999, including
shares held in treasury................................... 12 13 101
Common stock warrant........................................ 1,983 389 389
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 89,918 218,303 218,303
Deferred stock compensation................................. (17) (17,792) (17,792)
Accumulated deficit......................................... (16,307) (34,821) (34,821)
Notes receivable from shareholders.......................... (369) (555) (555)
Cumulative translation adjustment........................... 95 95 95
-------- -------- --------
75,389 165,720 165,720
Less cost of common stock held in treasury, 1,340,694 shares
at December 31, 1998, and 0 shares at December 31,
1999...................................................... (3,053) -- --
-------- -------- --------
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 72,336 165,720 $165,720
-------- -------- ========
Total liabilities, minority interest, and stockholders'
equity.................................................. $142,121 $271,788
======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-3
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
--------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales................................................... $75,597 $105,167 $187,516
Cost of sales (excludes amortization of deferred stock
compensation of $0, $0 and $12)........................... 48,795 64,142 112,691
------- -------- --------
Gross profit................................................ 26,802 41,025 74,825
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses (excludes
amortization of deferred stock compensation of $0, $390
and $4,256)............................................. 21,211 22,821 30,866
Research and development expenses (excludes amortization
of deferred stock compensation of $0, $22 and $1,285)... 8,941 14,659 17,363
Amortization of deferred stock compensation............... -- 412 5,553
Amortization of intangible assets......................... 40 120 332
In-process research and development costs................. -- -- 3,992
------- -------- --------
Total operating expenses.................................... 30,192 38,012 58,106
------- -------- --------
Operating income (loss)..................................... (3,390) 3,013 16,719
Interest income............................................. 2,786 1,817 2,010
Interest expense............................................ (758) (1,924) (3,057)
Other income (expense)...................................... 5 (1,031) (1,165)
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies......... 73 (773) 1,348
------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest..... (1,284) 1,102 15,855
Income tax expense (benefit)................................ 400 1,423 626
------- -------- --------
Income (loss) before minority interest...................... (1,684) (321) 15,229
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries.............................................. 301 914 (2,110)
------- -------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................... (1,383) 593 13,119
Income (loss) from discontinued operations.................. 1,413 (893) (1,656)
------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)......................................... 30 (300) 11,463
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F convertible
preferred stock........................................... -- -- (29,977)
------- -------- --------
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders....... $ 30 $ (300) $(18,514)
======= ======== ========
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................. $ (0.19) $ 0.08 $ (1.94)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations................ 0.19 (0.12) (0.19)
------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)......................................... $ 0.00 $ (0.04) $ (2.13)
======= ======== ========
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................. $ (0.19) $ 0.01 $ (1.94)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations................ 0.19 (0.01) (0.19)
------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)......................................... $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ (2.13)
======= ======== ========
Shares used in per-share calculation:
--Basic................................................. 7,320 7,582 8,678
======= ======== ========
--Diluted............................................... 7,320 77,050 8,678
======= ======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-4
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED
STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL
--------------------- ---------------------- PAID-IN ACCUMULATED
ISSUED AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL DEFICIT
---------- -------- ----------- -------- ---------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balances, December 31, 1996.................... 25,055,312 $ 31 $ 12,338 $(11,459)
Exchange of common for preferred stock......... 18,554,132 $23 (18,554,132) (23)
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 184,002 210
Common stock dividend.......................... 2,540,000 3 13,825
Reacquired common stock........................
Common stock issued upon exercise of
warrants..................................... 581,824 1 199
Accreted dividends on preferred stock.......... 4,578 (4,578)
Reclassification of preferred stock to equity
upon elimination of mandatory redemption
feature...................................... 38,963,936 49 130,544
Contribution from stockholders................. 5,129
Notes receivable from stockholders.............
Translation adjustment.........................
Distribution to stockholders................... (75,830)
Net income..................................... 30
---------- --- ----------- ---- -------- --------
Balances, December 31, 1997.................... 57,518,068 72 9,807,006 12 90,993 (16,007)
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 483,544 1 479
Stock dividend................................. 945,850 1 54,150
Exchange of common for preferred stock......... 1,171,836 1 (1,171,836) (1)
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees............... 1,041
Cancellation of non-employee stock options..... (612)
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
non-employees................................
Stock warrant issued as capital distribution... (1,983)
Reacquired common stock........................
Notes receivable from stockholders.............
Translation adjustment.........................
Net loss....................................... (300)
---------- --- ----------- ---- -------- --------
Balances, December 31, 1998.................... 59,635,754 74 9,172,864 12 89,918 (16,307)
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 548,219 530
Reacquired common stock........................ 7,692
Stock reclassification......................... (549,448) (1) 549,448 1
Amendment to stock warrant issued as capital
distribution................................. 1,594
Notes receivable from stockholders.............
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to employees................... 15,937
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
employees....................................
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees............... 7,391
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
non-employees................................
Distribution to stockholders................... (6,550)
Issuance of preferred stock at $8.127 per
share, net of issuance costs of $41.......... 6,152,106 8 49,951
Issuance of preferred stock for Wacos
acquisition.................................. 4,523,700 6 27,616
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 615,210 1 4,999
Dividend related to beneficial conversion
feature pursuant to issuance of Series F
preferred stock in December 1999............. 29,977 (29,977)
Retirement of Treasury Stock................... (1,348,386) (3,060)
Net income..................................... 11,463
---------- --- ----------- ---- -------- --------
Balances, December 31, 1999.................... 70,377,322 $88 8,929,837 $ 13 $218,303 $(34,821)
========== === =========== ==== ======== ========
<CAPTION>
DEFERRED NOTES CUMULATIVE COMMON
STOCK RECEIVABLE TRANSLATION STOCK TREASURY
COMPENSATION FROM STOCKHOLDERS ADJUSTMENT WARRANT STOCK
------------- ----------------- ----------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balances, December 31, 1996.................... $ 197 $(1,500)
Exchange of common for preferred stock.........
Common stock issued upon exercise of options...
Common stock dividend..........................
Reacquired common stock........................ (1,100)
Common stock issued upon exercise of
warrants.....................................
Accreted dividends on preferred stock..........
Reclassification of preferred stock to equity
upon elimination of mandatory redemption
feature......................................
Contribution from stockholders.................
Notes receivable from stockholders............. $(129)
Translation adjustment......................... (25)
Distribution to stockholders...................
Net income.....................................
-------- ----- ----------- ------- -------
Balances, December 31, 1997.................... -- (129) 172 -- (2,600)
Common stock issued upon exercise of options...
Stock dividend.................................
Exchange of common for preferred stock.........
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees............... $ (1,041)
Cancellation of non-employee stock options..... 612
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
non-employees................................ 412
Stock warrant issued as capital distribution... $ 1,983
Reacquired common stock........................ (453)
Notes receivable from stockholders............. (240)
Translation adjustment......................... (77)
Net loss.......................................
-------- ----- ----------- ------- -------
Balances, December 31, 1998.................... (17) (369) 95 1,983 (3,053)
Common stock issued upon exercise of options...
Reacquired common stock........................ (7)
Stock reclassification.........................
Amendment to stock warrant issued as capital
distribution................................. (1,594)
Notes receivable from stockholders............. (186)
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to employees................... (15,937)
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
employees.................................... 2,862
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees............... (7,391)
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
non-employees................................ 2,691
Distribution to stockholders...................
Issuance of preferred stock at $8.127 per
share, net of issuance costs of $41..........
Issuance of preferred stock for Wacos
acquisition..................................
Common stock issued upon exercise of options...
Dividend related to beneficial conversion
feature pursuant to issuance of Series F
preferred stock in December 1999.............
Retirement of Treasury Stock................... 3,060
Net income.....................................
-------- ----- ----------- ------- -------
Balances, December 31, 1999.................... $(17,792) $(555) $ 95 $ 389 $ --
======== ===== =========== ======= =======
<CAPTION>
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
-------------
<S> <C>
Balances, December 31, 1996.................... $ (393)
Exchange of common for preferred stock......... --
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 210
Common stock dividend.......................... 13,828
Reacquired common stock........................ (1,100)
Common stock issued upon exercise of
warrants..................................... 200
Accreted dividends on preferred stock.......... --
Reclassification of preferred stock to equity
upon elimination of mandatory redemption
feature...................................... 130,593
Contribution from stockholders................. 5,129
Notes receivable from stockholders............. (129)
Translation adjustment......................... (25)
Distribution to stockholders................... (75,830)
Net income..................................... 30
--------
Balances, December 31, 1997.................... 72,513
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 480
Stock dividend................................. 1
Exchange of common for preferred stock......... --
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees............... --
Cancellation of non-employee stock options..... --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
non-employees................................ 412
Stock warrant issued as capital distribution... --
Reacquired common stock........................ (453)
Notes receivable from stockholders............. (240)
Translation adjustment......................... (77)
Net loss....................................... (300)
--------
Balances, December 31, 1998.................... 72,336
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 530
Reacquired common stock........................ (7)
Stock reclassification......................... --
Amendment to stock warrant issued as capital
distribution................................. --
Notes receivable from stockholders............. (186)
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to employees................... --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
employees.................................... 2,862
Deferred stock compensation related to grant of
stock options to non-employees............... --
Amortization of deferred stock compensation
related to grant of stock options to
non-employees................................ 2,691
Distribution to stockholders................... (6,550)
Issuance of preferred stock at $8.127 per
share, net of issuance costs of $41.......... 49,959
Issuance of preferred stock for Wacos
acquisition.................................. 27,622
Common stock issued upon exercise of options... 5,000
Dividend related to beneficial conversion
feature pursuant to issuance of Series F
preferred stock in December 1999............. --
Retirement of Treasury Stock................... --
Net income..................................... 11,463
--------
Balances, December 31, 1999.................... $165,720
========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)........................................... $ 30 $ (300) $ 11,463
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used
in operating activities:
(Income) loss from discontinued operations................ (1,413) 893 1,656
Depreciation and amortization............................. 1,289 2,486 3,013
Write-off of in-process research and development costs.... -- -- 3,992
Net loss on sale of assets................................ -- 73 611
Amortization of deferred stock compensation............... -- 412 5,553
Equity in net (income) loss of affiliated companies....... 161 1,700 (1,348)
Minority interest......................................... (52) (2,084) 2,110
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable and receivable from related
parties............................................... (19,742) (51,782) (1,038)
Inventories............................................. (8,923) (5,518) (34,560)
Other current and non-current assets.................... (4,687) (474) (6,726)
Deferred tax assets..................................... (59) (1,194) (2,144)
Accounts payable and payable to related parties......... 2,651 (917) 6,644
Income taxes payable.................................... (151) 930 1,127
Other current liabilities............................... 4,711 8,561 21,024
Deferred revenue........................................ (475) -- (13)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing operations........ (26,660) (47,214) 11,364
Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operations...... 23 207 (530)
-------- -------- --------
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities......... (26,637) (47,007) 10,834
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to property, plant and equipment.................. (3,745) (2,250) (3,607)
Investment in affiliates, net of cash acquired.............. (998) (1,093) (720)
Proceeds from disposal of property.......................... -- -- 997
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used in continuing operations...................... (4,743) (3,343) (3,330)
Net cash (used in) provided by discontinued operations...... (133) (36) 179
-------- -------- --------
Net cash used in investing activities....................... (4,876) (3,379) (3,151)
-------- -------- --------
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of stock, net of expenses.......................... 61,088 480 55,480
Reacquired common stock..................................... (1,100) (453) --
Distribution of cash to shareholders........................ (50,820) -- --
Proceeds (payments) from borrowing, net..................... 19 8,245 23,729
Proceeds (payments) from shareholder notes.................. 35,000 24,939 (17,505)
Advance from affiliate...................................... 4,042 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by financing activities of continuing
operations................................................ 48,229 33,211 61,704
Effects of exchange rates on cash........................... (25) (77) --
-------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........ 16,691 (17,252) 69,387
Less cash (used in) provided by discontinued operations..... (110) 171 (351)
-------- -------- --------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents........ 16,801 (17,423) 69,738
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............ 18,248 35,049 17,626
-------- -------- --------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.................. $ 35,049 $ 17,626 $ 87,364
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-6
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
1. ORGANIZATION:
UTStarcom, Inc. (the Company), a Delaware corporation, provides
communications equipment including network access systems, optical transmission
products and subscriber terminal products for service providers that operate
wireless and wireline networks. The Company's operations are conducted primarily
by its foreign subsidiaries that manufacture, distribute, and support the
Company's products in international markets, principally the People's Republic
of China (China).
The following lists the Company's active subsidiaries, its percentage
ownership, and business each subsidiary operates as of December 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE
NAME OWNED TYPE OF OPERATIONS
- ---- ---------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C>
UTStarcom-China (UTSC).............. 100% Marketing and sales of telecom equipment
Hangzhou UTStarcom, Ltd. (HUTS)..... 88% Manufacturing of telecom equipment
Guangdong UTStarcom, Ltd. (GUTS).... 51% Manufacturing of telecom equipment
Wacos, Inc. (Wacos)................. 100% Conducting research & development
</TABLE>
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
BASIS OF PRESENTATION:
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its wholly and majority (50 percent or more) owned subsidiaries,
except for GUTS which is accounted for using the equity method as the Company
does not have voting control over all significant matters. All significant
intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in preparation of
the consolidated financial statements. Minority interest in consolidated
subsidiaries and equity in affiliated companies are shown separately in the
consolidated financial statements. Investments in affiliated companies, of which
none represent greater than 10 percent ownership, are accounted for using the
cost method.
RESTATEMENT AND RECLASSIFICATION:
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been restated to
reflect the disposition of Nanjing UTStarcom, Ltd. (NUTS) in September 1999.
(See Note 4). Accordingly, the revenues, costs and expenses, assets and
liabilities and cash flows of these discontinued operations have been excluded
from the respective captions in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated
Statements of Operations and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and have
been reported through the date of dispositions as "Net assets from discontinued
operations", "Income (loss) from discontinued operations" and "Net cash (used
in) provided by discontinued operations" for all periods presented.
The Company has retroactively accounted for its December 1999 acquisition of
Wacos as if the original investment in Wacos by SOFTBANK in December 1997 had
been made by the Company. (See Note 6).
Certain reclassifications have been made in the prior years financial
statements to conform with the 1999 presentation.
F-7
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
USE OF ESTIMATES:
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS:
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original
maturity of three months or less at date of purchase. Restricted cash at
December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1999 consisted of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Collateral for letters of credit............................ $ -- $ 640
Cash in escrow.............................................. -- 2,410
Cash collateral............................................. 1,500 1,500
------ ------
$1,500 $4,550
====== ======
</TABLE>
Restricted cash balances are expected to be released within three months of
being recorded and are treated as part of cash and cash equivalents.
INVENTORIES:
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, net of allowance for
obsolescence. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates to actual
cost on a first-in, first-out basis.
WARRANTY COSTS:
A warranty is provided under the terms of the Company's contract for a
period not greater than one year. The Company provides for these costs at the
time of revenue recognition based upon prior experience.
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost and are stated net of
accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided for on a straight-line basis
over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, generally ranging from
two to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis
over the shorter of the useful life of the improvements or the term of the
lease. When assets are disposed of, the cost and related accumulated
depreciation are removed from the
F-8
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
accounts and the resulting gains or losses are included in the results of
operations. The Company generally depreciates its assets over the following
periods:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Buildings................................................... 10 years
Leasehold improvements...................................... 2-10 years
Automobiles................................................. 5 years
Equipment and furniture..................................... 2-7 years
</TABLE>
INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
Intangible assets including the excess of costs of acquired companies over
the fair value of net assets acquired and acquired workforce are amortized on a
straight-line basis generally over 3 to 5 years.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS:
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 121, "Accounting for the
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of"
("SFAS 121"), requires that long-lived assets and certain intangible assets be
reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If undiscounted expected future
cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, an impairment loss is
to be recognized based on the fair value of the assets. The Company considers
the requirements of SFAS 121 on an ongoing basis.
IN-PROCESS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT:
The Company recorded a charge for purchased in-process research and
development ("IPR&D") in December 1999 in a manner consistent with widely
recognized appraisal practices at the date of acquisition. Technological
feasibility was not established for the expensed IPR&D, and the expensed IPR&D
had no alternative future use. The portion of the purchase price allocated to
intangible assets includes $240 of assembled workforce, and $23,638 of excess of
costs over fair value of net assets acquired. The purchase price allocation of
the acquisition was determined by an independent appraisal.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION:
The Company accounts for employee stock option grants in accordance with
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees" ("APB 25") and has adopted the disclosure-only alternative of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation" ("SFAS 123").
The value of warrants, options or stock exchanged for services is expensed
over the period benefitted. The warrants and options are valued using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model. To calculate the expense, the Company uses
either the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the
equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable.
F-9
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME:
In June 1997, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" ("SFAS No. 130"). SFAS No. 130
establishes standards for reporting and display of comprehensive income and its
components and is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 1997. The
Company's comprehensive income approximated net income for all periods
presented.
INCOME TAXES:
Deferred income taxes are established based on enacted tax rates. Valuation
allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the
amount expected to be realized.
The Company does not provide for U.S Federal taxes on undistributed earnings
of its foreign subsidiaries or affiliates as they are considered to be
reinvested for an indefinite period.
REVENUE RECOGNITION:
Revenue from product sales of equipment is recognized when title is passed,
all significant contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection of
the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Title passes on customer
acceptance.
SEGMENT REPORTING:
Effective May 1, 1998, the Company adopted the Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and
Related Information" ("SFAS 131"). SFAS 131 requires that an enterprise report
financial and descriptive information about its reportable operating segments.
Generally, financial information is required to be reported on the basis that is
used internally for evaluating segment performance and deciding how to allocate
resources to segments. The Company has determined that they operate in a single
segment as defined by SFAS 131, providing communications equipment through an
integrated suite of network access systems, optical transmission products and
subscriber terminal products. Adoption of this standard does not affect the
Company's results of operations or financial position.
DISCLOSURES ABOUT FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS:
Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts
receivable and payable, and debt. The carrying amounts of cash and cash
equivalents, accounts receivable and payable approximate their fair values
because of the short term nature of those instruments. The carrying amounts of
debt approximate their fair values because of either the short maturity or the
variable interest rates of those instruments.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATIONS:
Operations of the Company's subsidiaries are conducted primarily in China
and the financial statements of those subsidiaries are translated from China's
Renminbi, as functional currency, into U.S. Dollars in accordance with the
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 52, "Foreign Currency
F-10
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES: (CONTINUED)
Translation" ("SFAS 52"). Accordingly, all foreign currency assets and
liabilities are translated at period-end exchange rates, while revenue and
expenses are translated at the average exchange rate for the period. The effects
of translating the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries into U.S.
dollars are reported as a cumulative translation adjustment, a separate
component of stockholders' equity. Foreign currency translation gains and losses
have not been material for 1997, 1998 and 1999.
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
The Company computes earnings (loss) per share pursuant to the Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 128, "Earnings Per Share" ("SFAS 128"). Basic
earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing income or loss applicable to
common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of the Company's
common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is
determined in the same manner as basic earnings (loss) per share except that the
number of shares is increased assuming exercise of dilutive stock options and
warrants using the treasury stock method and conversion of the Company's
convertible preferred stock. (See Note 3)
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
If the Offering is consummated, all of the convertible preferred stock will
be automatically converted into common stock upon completion of the offering
(see Note 23). Unaudited pro forma stockholders' equity at December 31, 1999, as
adjusted for the assumed conversion of such shares, is disclosed on the balance
sheets.
F-11
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
3. EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE:
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings
(loss) per share:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Numerator:
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................. $(1,383) $ 593 $ 13,119
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F convertible
preferred stock......................................... -- -- (29,977)
------- ----------- ------------
Income (loss) from continuing operations after beneficial
conversion feature of Series F convertible preferred
stock................................................... (1,383) 593 (16,858)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations................ 1,413 (893) (1,656)
------- ----------- ------------
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders....... $ 30 $ (300) $ (18,514)
======= =========== ============
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding....................... 7,320 7,582 8,678
Dilutive warrants......................................... -- 10 --
Dilutive convertible preferred shares..................... -- 63,608 --
Dilutive options.......................................... -- 5,850 --
------- ----------- ------------
7,320 77,050 8,678
======= =========== ============
Basic earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................. $ (0.19) $ 0.08 $ (1.94)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations................ 0.19 (0.12) (0.19)
------- ----------- ------------
$ 0.00 $ (0.04) $ (2.13)
======= =========== ============
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:
Income (loss) from continuing operations.................. $ (0.19) $ 0.01 $ (1.94)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations................ 0.19 (0.01) (0.19)
------- ----------- ------------
$ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ (2.13)
======= =========== ============
</TABLE>
4. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS:
During September 1999, the Company closed NUTS in China. NUTS, which was 100%
owned, was engaged in telephone network and internet network services unrelated
to the remaining Company operations. NUTS sold substantially all of its assets
prior to closure. The close of NUTS was accounted for as a discontinued
operation.
F-12
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
4. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS: (CONTINUED)
The Company's previous interests in the net revenues and expenses of NUTS'
operations prior to September 30, 1999 are classified separately as income
(loss) from discontinued operations in the income statements. The components of
the income or loss are summarized as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales.......................................... $8,499 $4,457 $ 298
Operating expenses and cost of sales............... 7,029 5,345 1,369
------ ------ -------
Operating income (loss)............................ 1,470 (888) (1,071)
Other income (expenses)............................ (57) (5) (585)
------ ------ -------
Income (loss) from discontinued operations......... $1,413 $ (893) $(1,656)
====== ====== =======
</TABLE>
The Company's previous interest in the net assets and liabilities of NUTS is
classified as net assets from discontinued operations in the Company's balance
sheets. The components of these net assets are summarized below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
-------------------
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets............................................. $ 2,650 --
Noncurrent assets.......................................... 182 --
Current liabilities........................................ (686) --
------- ------
Net assets from discontinued operations.................... $ 2,146 --
======= ======
</TABLE>
The Company's cash flow statements include separately the cash flows from
discontinued operations.
5. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest............................................ $ 184 $ 564 $3,723
Income taxes........................................ $1,654 $1,076 $1,386
</TABLE>
F-13
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
5. SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: (CONTINUED)
Noncash investing and financing activities were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Exchange of common stock for preferred stock................ $35,253 $ -- $ --
Share in APIC of minority shareholder in Wacos.............. $ -- $ 2,867 $ --
Distribution of net assets to shareholders.................. $25,010 $ 1,983 $ 4,956
Issuance of shares upon the Wacos acquisition............... $ -- $ -- $27,953
Payment on shareholders loan................................ $ -- $ -- $ 1,640
Retirement of treasury stock................................ $ -- $ -- $ 3,060
</TABLE>
6. ACQUISITION OF COMPANIES:
During 1996, the Company invested approximately $955 into Zhejiang Unitel
Telecom Equipment, Ltd. (UTL) for an additional 19% ownership interest, thereby
increasing its ownership to 70%. During 1997, the Company merged UTL into HUTS,
thereby owning 86% of the combined new entity. Concurrent with this combination,
the Company acquired approximately a 2% additional interest in the combined
entity for $780 in cash, which increased its ownership interest to 88%. The
purchase of additional interest in the new entity was accounted for as a
purchase resulting in an insignificant excess of the purchase price over the
fair value of the net assets acquired.
In February 1996, the Company purchased a 65% interest in NST for
approximately $1,200. This transaction was accounted for as a purchase resulting
in an intangible asset for the insignificant excess of the purchase price of NST
over the fair value of the net assets. The accounts of NST have been included in
the consolidated financial statements subsequent to February 1996.
In September 1996, the Company purchased a 49% interest in GUTS for
approximately $1,200. In February 1998, the Company acquired an additional 2%
interest in GUTS for $80, increasing its ownership interest to 51%. However,
because the Company does not have voting control over all significant matters of
GUTS, the investment in and results of operations of GUTS are included in the
consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. The
purchase of the additional interest in GUTS has been accounted for as a purchase
resulting in an intangible asset for the insignificant excess of the purchase
price of GUTS over the fair value of the net assets.
In February and October 1997, the Company purchased a total of 49% of the
voting stock of Wacos for approximately $322.
In October and December 1997 SOFTBANK acquired a 40% voting interest in
Wacos for $5,129.
In December 1999 the Company issued 3,691,534 shares of Series G preferred
stock in exchange for SOFTBANK's 4,103,465 shares in Wacos. As a result of the
common control that existed between the Company, SOFTBANK and Wacos during this
period of ownership this exchange of shares was made at historic cost. The
Company has retroactively accounted for its acquisition of Wacos as if the
original investment by SOFTBANK had been made by the Company.
F-14
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
6. ACQUISITION OF COMPANIES: (CONTINUED)
In December 1999, the Company completed the purchase of the non-affiliated
minority interests in its Wacos subsidiary with the issuance of 832,166 shares
of Series G preferred stock and $9,688 of common stock options valued using
Black-Scholes. The aggregate purchase price of Wacos was approximately $27,953
which, based upon an independent appraisal by Willamette Management Associates
of all assets acquired and liabilities assumed, was allocated to the
specifically identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired. Intangible
assets included approximately $3,992 of in-process research and development
which was charged to operations in December 1999, $240 of assembled workforce
and approximately $23,638 of excess purchase price over the fair market values
of the tangible and identified intangible assets, being amortized over periods
of three to five years.
The values of Wacos' in-process research and development projects were
estimated by an excess income approach. Management revenue and operating expense
projections were reduced by appropriate amounts to reflect a fair return on the
net tangible and collateral intangible assets to be employed in realizing the
forecasted net incomes. The resulting forecasted "excess" income figures were
discounted to present value using a 40% rate of return, reflecting the
technological, market and other risks associated with the subject technologies
and future products. The discounted excess incomes were summed and then, in
accordance with methodology approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission,
reduced by an appropriate percentage completion factor for each project to
account for the anticipated remaining research and development factors.
At the time of the Wacos acquisition, Wacos was engaged in three distinct
in-process research and development projects in relation to its Internet
Protocol based switching system. These projects were in various stages of
development but none had reached the point where technological feasibility had
been established.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Purchased research and development.......................... $ 3,992
Fair value of net assets acquired........................... 83
Fair value of identified intangible assets.................. 240
Excess of costs of acquiring Wacos over fair value of net
assets.................................................... 23,638
-------
$27,953
=======
</TABLE>
7. DISTRIBUTION TO SHAREHOLDERS:
In August 1999 the Company distributed to its shareholders the net assets of
a previously consolidated yet unrelated business which was acquired in 1997.
This business, which operated in a dissimilar market segment, has been managed
and financed, in all significant respects, as if it were autonomous from the
Company. These financial statements have been prepared as if the acquired
business was distributed on the original date of purchase in 1997. The original
purchase price totalling $75,830 comprised cash of $50,820, notes payable and
other acquisition costs of $11,185, the issuance of 2,540,000 shares of
UTStarcom common stock valued at $13,825 and additional shares of UTStarcom
stock and warrants to be determined based on the post acquisition performance of
the acquired business. Common and Series E preferred stock was issued in 1998
and subsequently amended in 1999. A warrant to purchase common stock with a
Black-Scholes value of $1,983 was issued in 1998 and was subsequently amended in
1999, resulting in a net value of $389 at December 31, 1999.
F-15
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
8. INVENTORIES:
As of December 31, 1998 and 1999 inventories consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Raw materials............................................. $10,676 $31,461
Work in process........................................... 6,518 4,356
Finished goods............................................ 5,895 25,802
------- -------
$23,089 $61,619
Less allowance for obsolete inventory..................... 2,445 6,415
------- -------
$20,644 $55,204
======= =======
</TABLE>
9. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
As of December 31, 1998, and 1999 property, plant and equipment consists of
the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Buildings................................................. $ 362 $ 145
Leasehold improvements.................................... 128 1,640
Automobiles............................................... 903 1,173
Equipment and furniture................................... 10,670 11,720
------- -------
12,063 14,678
Less accumulated depreciation............................. 3,718 6,510
------- -------
$ 8,345 $ 8,168
======= =======
</TABLE>
Depreciation expense was $1,249, $2,366 and $2,681 for the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 respectively.
10. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARY:
The Company's interest in its unconsolidated subsidiary, GUTS, was as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Investment in GUTS.......................................... $966 $2,314
==== ======
</TABLE>
In September 1996, the Company purchased a 49% interest in GUTS. In February
1998, the Company acquired an additional 2% interest in GUTS, increasing its
ownership interest to 51%. However, because the Company does not have voting
control over all significant matters of GUTS, the investment in and results of
operations of GUTS are included in the consolidated financial statements using
the equity method of accounting.
F-16
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
10. INVESTMENT IN UNCONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARY: (CONTINUED)
Condensed combined financial information for the unconsolidated investments
in GUTS is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets........................................... $ 13,686 $13,738
Noncurrent assets........................................ 1,139 866
Current liabilities...................................... (10,062) (9,071)
Noncurrent liabilities................................... (49) --
-------- -------
Total shareholders' equity............................... 4,714 5,533
Other shareholders' shares of equity..................... 2,310 2,711
-------- -------
UTStarcom's share of equity.............................. 2,404 2,822
Elimination of intercompany profit....................... (1,438) (508)
-------- -------
Investment in unconsolidated subsidiary.................. $ 966 $ 2,314
======== =======
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales........................................ $8,597 $ 10,995 $16,004
Gross profit..................................... 999 2,123 2,366
Operating income (loss).......................... 29 1,040 1,067
Net income....................................... 336 734 820
------ -------- -------
UTStarcom's share of net income.................. 165 374 418
Elimination of intercompany profit............... (92) (1,147) 930
------ -------- -------
Equity in net income (loss) of subsidiary........ $ 73 $ (773) $ 1,348
====== ======== =======
</TABLE>
Product sales to GUTS for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999
were $6,242, $5,631 and $8,394, respectively. Product purchases from GUTS for
the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 were $5,529, $8,903 and $7,897,
respectively.
11. INTANGIBLE ASSETS:
As of December 31, 1998, and 1999 intangible assets consists of the
following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Excess of purchase price over net assets acquired.......... $1,816 $25,695
Less accumulated amortization.............................. 231 563
------ -------
$1,585 $25,132
====== =======
</TABLE>
Amortization expense was $40, $120 and $332 for the years ended
December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 respectively.
F-17
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
12. RELATED PARTY DEBT:
Payable to related parties and debt to shareholder at December 31, 1998 and
1999 consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Payable to related party(1)............................... $ 1,311 $ --
======= =======
Debt to shareholder--SOFTBANK CORP.(2).................... $26,250 $ --
Debt to shareholder--SOFTBANK CORP.(3).................... -- 8,745
------- -------
Total debt to shareholder................................. $26,250 $ 8,745
======= =======
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) Amount bears interest at a rate of 5.5% per annum and has no scheduled
payment terms. As of December 31, 1999, the entire loan was paid off.
(2) In June 1998, the Company entered into a loan agreement with SOFTBANK CORP.
(SOFTBANK), the Company's principal shareholder, for the total amount of
$25,000. As of December 31, 1999, the entire loan was paid off.
(3) Jitong, a company in China with which the Company had a management
consulting agreement, paid UTSC $8,745 for the repayment of a loan made by
SOFTBANK to Jitong. Repayment of this amount to SOFTBANK is planned for the
first quarter of 2000. This payable is a non interest bearing balance.
13. THIRD PARTY DEBT:
The following represents the outstanding borrowings at December 31, 1998 and
1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NOTE RATE MATURITY 1998 1999
- ---- ------------------- ----------------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Bank of China(1).................. From 5.58% to 6.40% From 2/00 to 7/00 $ 9,398 $27,108
Industrial & Commercial Bank of
China(2)........................ 6.57% 2/00 1,446 1,446
Commercial Bank of Hangzhou(3).... 6.44% 10/00 -- 6,024
Other............................. Various Various 21 15
------------------- ----------------- ------- -------
Total debt........................ $10,865 $34,593
======= =======
</TABLE>
- ------------------------
(1) Guaranteed by the Company and the minority shareholder of HUTS. This
represents drawings on the Company's line of credit with the bank. This line
of credit allows for borrowings of up to $48,193; therefore, $21,085 is
available under this facility at December 31, 1999.
(2) Collateralized by $1,500 deposited with the bank. This line of credit allows
for borrowings of up to $1,446 and matures on February 3, 2000.
(3) Guaranteed by HUTS. This line allows for borrowings of up to $12,048 and
matures in October 2000.
F-18
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
14. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Other current liabilities at December 31, 1998 and 1999 consist of the
following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
-------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Accrued contract costs.................................... $ 7,204 $19,373
Accrued compensation and bonus............................ 1,944 3,493
Accrued other taxes....................................... -- 618
Warranty costs............................................ 997 1,236
Other..................................................... 2,673 4,382
------- -------
$12,818 $29,102
======= =======
</TABLE>
15. PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES:
United States and foreign income (loss) before income taxes, loss on
discontinued operations, and minority interest were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
United States.................................... $ (123) $(4,928) $(15,664)
Foreign.......................................... (1,161) 6,030 31,519
------- ------- --------
$(1,284) $ 1,102 $ 15,855
======= ======= ========
</TABLE>
Undistributed foreign earnings at December 31, 1999 amounted to $38,355.
The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CURRENT:
Federal........................................... $ 176 $ 9 $ 1,100
State............................................. 50 1 533
Foreign........................................... 190 934 1,700
DEFERRED:
Federal........................................... 113 632 (2,453)
State............................................. 15 (239) (10)
Foreign........................................... (144) 86 (244)
----- ------ -------
$ 400 $1,423 $ 626
===== ====== =======
</TABLE>
F-19
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
15. PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES: (CONTINUED)
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis
of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial
statements. A summary of the components of net deferred tax assets is as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
U.S. CHINA TOTAL
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
DECEMBER 31, 1998:
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward................... $ 1,459 $ -- $ 1,459
Allowances and reserves........................... 475 454 929
Tax credit carryforwards.......................... 1,168 -- 1,168
------- ------ -------
Total deferred tax assets....................... 3,102 454 3,556
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation.......................... (280) -- (280)
------- ------ -------
2,822 454 3,276
Valuation allowance............................... (1,629) -- (1,629)
------- ------ -------
Net deferred tax assets......................... $ 1,193 $ 454 $ 1,647
======= ====== =======
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
U.S. CHINA TOTAL
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
DECEMBER 31, 1999:
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforward................... $ 2,231 $ -- $ 2,231
Future period compensation deductions............. 1,205 -- 1,205
Allowances and reserves........................... 1,638 1,222 2,860
Tax credit carryforwards.......................... 2,513 -- 2,513
------- ------ -------
Total deferred tax assets....................... 7,587 1,222 8,809
Deferred tax liabilities:
Accelerated depreciation.......................... (277) -- (277)
------- ------ -------
7,310 1,222 8,532
Valuation allowances.............................. (3,656) (524) (4,180)
------- ------ -------
Net deferred tax assets......................... $ 3,654 $ 698 $ 4,352
======= ====== =======
</TABLE>
As of December 31, 1999, the Company has research and development credit
carryforwards of approximately $890 for federal tax purposes expiring in varying
amounts between 2017 and 2019. As of December 31, 1999 the Company has federal
and state net operating loss carryovers of $5,967 and $10,516, respectively
which were acquired from Wacos in a merger on December 14, 1999. The federal net
operating loss carryovers will expire in 2019. The state net operating loss
carryovers will expire in varying amounts between 2002 and 2004. Management
believes that the Company's ability to use their deferred tax assets is limited
based on the expectation that they will not be able to fully utilize either the
tax net operating losses or the research and development credits generated by
Company's other
F-20
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
15. PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES: (CONTINUED)
research and development center in the US. Management also believes that the
Company's ability to fully utilize the benefit of certain reserves in UTSC are
also limited. The Company has created a full valuation allowance against all of
these deferred tax assets.
UTSC and HUTS were granted tax holidays which started to phase out in 1999.
The net impact of these tax holidays was to decrease net loss from continuing
operations by approximately $871 in 1997, increase net income from continuing
operations by approximately $305 for the year ended December 31, 1998, and
increase net income from continuing operations by approximately $4,545 for the
year ended December 31, 1999. One time tax refunds of $360 were received during
the year ended December 31, 1999.
The difference between the Company's effective income tax rate and the
Federal statutory rate is reconciled below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Federal statutory rate...................................... (34)% 34% 34%
State taxes, net of federal income tax benefit.............. 4 (11) (3)
Permanent differences....................................... (3) 17 15
Effect of difference in foreign taxes rates................. (30) (19) (31)
Change in valuation allowance............................... 89 110 11
Other....................................................... 5 (3) (22)
--- --- ---
Effective rate.............................................. 31% 128% 4%
=== === ===
</TABLE>
The high effective tax rate in 1998 reflects the valuation allowances on net
operating losses generated by Wacos for which management expects to receive no
future benefit. The effect of the valuation allowances on the Company's
consolidated effective tax rates in 1997 and 1998 is pronounced because the
Company's income (loss) before taxes and minority interest was relatively small
in comparison to the Wacos net operating losses in those years.
16. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK:
Preferred stock at December 31, 1999 consists of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES
------------------------ LIQUIDATION
SERIES AUTHORIZED OUTSTANDING AMOUNT
- ------ ---------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
A......................................... 4,000,000 2,850,000 $ 2,850
B......................................... 16,000,000 14,492,752 30,000
C......................................... 14,000,000 13,589,056 46,746
D......................................... 8,200,000 8,032,128 50,000
E......................................... 38,000,000 20,122,370 38,234
F......................................... 8,000,000 6,767,316 54,999
G......................................... 11,000,000 4,523,700 36,779
---------- ---------- --------
Total................................... 99,200,000 70,377,322 $259,608
========== ========== ========
</TABLE>
F-21
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
16. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK: (CONTINUED)
Each share of preferred stock is convertible into common stock at the option
of the holder on a one-for-one basis, subject to certain adjustments. Each
series of preferred stock will automatically convert upon the earliest of the
closing date of an underwritten public offering of the Company's common stock
with aggregate proceeds of at least $8,000, or at the option of the holders of
the outstanding shares of such series. The Company has reserved common shares
sufficient to cover any conversion.
Holders of the preferred stock are entitled to one vote for each share of
common stock into which such shares may be converted.
Each share of Series A, Series B, Series C, Series D, Series E, Series F and
Series G preferred stock entitles the holder to receive annual noncumulative
dividends of $0.05, $0.104, $0.172, $0.311, $0.272, $0.406, and $0.407
respectively, in preference to holders of shares of common stock, if and when
declared by the Board of Directors. No dividends have been declared to date.
In the event of any liquidation or dissolution, the holders of Series A,
Series B, Series C, Series D, Series E, Series F and Series G would be entitled
to receive $1.00, $2.07, $3.44, $6.225, $1.90, $8.127 and $8.130 per share,
respectively, plus all declared but unpaid dividends prior and in preference to
any distribution to holders of common stock. After payment has been made to the
holders of the preferred stock, any remaining assets shall be distributed
ratably among the holders of the preferred and common stock based on the number
of shares of common stock held, or, in the case of preferred stock, the number
of shares of common stock which the preferred stock could be converted into. If
the Company's assets are insufficient to provide for a full preference amount
for the preferred stock outstanding, then such assets shall be distributed
ratably among the holders of the preferred stock in proportion to the
preferential amount each such holder would be entitled to receive.
At December 31, 1996, preferred shares and accreted dividends were
classified outside of stockholders' equity because of their mandatory redemption
feature. In December 1997, the shareholders approved the Eighth Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which eliminated the mandatory redemption
and cumulative annual dividend features of all outstanding series of preferred
stock. Accordingly, the preferred stock was recorded in stockholders' equity,
and the accreted dividends amounting to $270, $1,097 and $4,578 in 1995, 1996
and 1997, respectively, were recorded in additional paid-in capital.
During 1997, the Company offered to all its common stockholders the option
of exchanging shares of common stock for shares of Series E preferred stock. As
of December 31, 1999, the exchange had been completed, and the Company had
issued 19,725,968 shares of Series E preferred stock in connection with this
exchange.
The Series F preferred stock issuance included a beneficial conversion
feature pursuant to which the preferred shares convert into common shares on a
one-for-one basis at a price below the expected offering price upon the
completion of the Company's initial public offering. This resulted in a charge
to net income available to common stockholders in the fiscal period ending
December 31, 1999 of approximately $29,977.
17. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
In connection with the grant of certain stock options to employees,
non-employees and members of the Board of Directors, the Company recorded
deferred stock compensation of $23,328 in 1999,
F-22
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
17. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: (CONTINUED)
representing the difference between the deemed fair value of common stock for
accounting purposes and the option exercise price of these options at the date
of grant. Deferred compensation is presented as a reduction of stockholders'
equity, with amortization recorded over the four year vesting period. The
Company recorded amortization of deferred stock compensation of approximately
$5,553 during the year ended December 31, 1999. At December 31, 1999
approximately $17,792 remained to be amortized over the corresponding vesting
period of each respective option, generally four years. The deferred stock
compensation amortization expense for 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 is expected to
be $10,218, $4,726, $2,214 and $634, respectively.
18. COMMON STOCK WARRANTS:
In May 1994, the Company issued warrants to purchase 582,000 shares of
common stock at $0.345 per share through May 31, 1999. These warrants were
issued in conjunction with the Company's Series A preferred stock financing. The
warrants were exercised for $200 in October 1997.
In December 1998, the Company issued warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares
of common stock at $6.25 per share as part of the acquisition and distribution
of assets to the Company's shareholders as discussed in Note 7. The fair value
of the warrants $1,983 was determined using a Black-Scholes model. On
September 30, 1999, the Company amended the distribution value, and the number
of shares which may be issued upon exercise of the warrant was reduced to
500,000 shares. The fair value of the warrants was reduced to $389.
19. STOCK OPTION PLANS:
1992 OMNIBUS EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN. On April 12, 1992, the Board of
Directors adopted the 1992 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, which the Company's
stockholders ratified on December 9, 1994. Under the 1992 plan, directors,
employees and consultants were eligible to acquire shares of common stock
pursuant to options, stock purchase rights and stock appreciation rights. At the
time of adoption, 2,400,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance
under the 1992 plan. As of December 31, 1999 there were 1,620,328 shares
authorized for issuance under the 1992 plan, and options to purchase 41,728
shares of common stock were outstanding. On July 31, 1995, the Board of
Directors elected not to grant any further options under the 1992 plan.
THE 1995 STOCK PLAN. On July 31, 1995, the Board of Directors adopted, and
in October 1995, the Company's stockholders approved, the 1995 Stock Plan. Under
the 1995 plan, officers, employees and consultants were eligible to acquire
shares of common stock pursuant to options or stock purchase rights. At the time
of adoption, 3,705,232 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under
the 1995 plan. In 1995 and 1996, the Company's Board and stockholders added an
additional 5,400,000 shares to the 1995 plan, raising the total number of
authorized shares reserved under the 1995 plan to 9,105,232. As of December 31,
1999, there were 6,711,744 shares authorized for issuance under the 1995 plan
and options to purchase 6,125,644 shares of common stock were outstanding under
the 1995 plan. On January 31, 1997, the Board of Directors elected not to grant
any further options under the 1995 plan. Upon the adoption of the 1997 plan, all
remaining unissued shares under the 1995 plan not already subject to options or
other awards ceased to be reserved for issuance under the 1995 plan.
THE 1997 STOCK PLAN. On January 31, 1997, the Board of Directors adopted,
and the Company's stockholders approved, the 1997 Stock Plan. Under the 1997
plan, officers, employees and consultants are eligible to receive options to
purchase shares of common stock and stock purchase rights. Under
F-23
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
19. STOCK OPTION PLANS: (CONTINUED)
the plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 8,499,018 shares of common
stock as of December 31, 1999. As of December 31, 1999, 8,238,342 shares have
been issued and are outstanding. Upon the closing of the initial public offering
(see note 23), the Company will be authorized to issue up to 12,903,841 shares
of common stock under the plan. The number of shares issuable under the plan
will be increased annually on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in
2001 by an amount equal to lesser of 6,000,000 shares or 4% of the outstanding
shares of the Company's common stock on that date, or a lesser amount determined
by the Board.
2000 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN. In December 1999, the Board of Directors
adopted the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The Company's stockholders
approved the stock purchase plan in February 2000. Subject to meeting federal
and state securities law requirements, the stock purchase plan will become
effective upon the consummation of the initial public offering (see note 23), or
as soon as practicable thereafter.
The Company has reserved 2,000,000 shares of common stock for sale under the
stock purchase plan. The number of shares reserved for sale under the plan will
be increased annually on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in 2001 by
an amount equal to the lesser of 4,000,000 shares or 2% of the outstanding
shares of our common stock on that date, or a lesser amount determined by the
Board of Directors.
Options under the Company's stock option plans may be either "Incentive
Stock Options", as defined under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, or
"Nonqualified Options". A summary of activity under the Plans follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WEIGHTED
SHARES AVAILABLE NUMBER OF AVERAGE
FOR GRANT SHARES EXERCISE PRICE
---------------- ---------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Options Outstanding December 31, 1996......... 7,257,300 7,759,058 $1.07
Options Granted............................... (1,735,178) 1,735,178 $2.50
Options Exercised............................. -- (184,002) $1.14
Options Forfeited or Expired.................. (1,733,838) (358,886) $2.06
---------- ---------- -----
Options Outstanding December 31, 1997......... 3,788,284 8,951,348 $1.31
Options Granted............................... (2,611,198) 2,611,198 $3.53
Options Exercised............................. -- (483,544) $1.00
Options Forfeited or Expired.................. 1,120,010 (1,424,380) $2.71
---------- ---------- -----
Options Outstanding December 31, 1998......... 2,297,096 9,654,622 $1.72
Options Granted............................... (6,055,310) 6,055,310 $5.65
Options Exercised............................. -- (555,911) $0.95
Options Forfeited or Expired.................. 720,901 (748,307) $3.54
Options authorized during 1999................ 3,209,556 -- --
---------- ---------- -----
Options Outstanding December 31, 1999......... 172,243 14,405,714 $3.25
========== ========== =====
</TABLE>
Options to purchase 8,067,276 shares were exercisable as of December 31,
1999.
F-24
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
19. STOCK OPTION PLANS: (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes information with respect to stock options
outstanding as of December 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AVERAGE WEIGHTED
REMAINING AVERAGE WEIGHTED
RANGE OF EXERCISE SHARES CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE SHARES AVERAGE
PRICE OUTSTANDING LIFE (YEARS) PRICE EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE
- --------------------- ----------- ------------ -------- ----------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$0.0625 383,418 8.56 $0.0625 163,073 $0.0625
$0.2500-$0.8538 5,258,476 3.73 $0.8260 5,040,940 $0.8508
$0.9375-$2.2768 2,053,798 3.76 $1.8769 1,973,800 $1.9087
$2.500-$4.000 1,866,006 7.77 $3.3347 577,595 $3.3363
$4.0982 21,326 9.03 $4.0982 21,326 $4.0982
$4.5000-$9.3800 4,822,690 9.62 $6.6803 290,542 $8.5395
- --------------------- ---------- ---- ------- --------- -------
$0.0625-$9.3800 14,405,714 6.37 $3.2452 8,067,276 $1.5572
===================== ========== ==== ======= ========= =======
</TABLE>
The Company has elected to account for employee stock-based compensation
under APB 25 and has provided the following information as required by SFAS 123,
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation."
The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the
options granted:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Expected remaining term in years................... 2.8 3.51 2.41
Weight average risk-free interest rate............. 5.67% 4.91% 6.10%
Expected dividend rate............................. 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
</TABLE>
Because the Company does not have actively traded equity securities,
volatility is not considered in determining the fair value of stock-based awards
to employees.
The weighted average fair value per share of those options granted in 1997,
1998 and 1999 was $0.22, $0.82 and $3.25, respectively.
F-25
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
19. STOCK OPTION PLANS: (CONTINUED)
Using the above method and assumptions, the Company's net income (loss)
applicable to common stock and earnings (loss) per share, on a pro forma basis,
would have been:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EARNINGS EARNINGS
(LOSS) (LOSS)
NET INCOME PER SHARE PER SHARE
(LOSS) BASIC DILUTED
---------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
YEAR ENDED:
DECEMBER 31, 1997:
Actual....................................... $ 30 $ 0.00 $ 0.00
======== ====== ======
Pro forma.................................... $ (317) $(0.04) $(0.04)
======== ====== ======
DECEMBER 31, 1998:
Actual....................................... $ (300) $(0.04) $ 0.00
======== ====== ======
Pro forma.................................... $ (775) $(0.10) $(0.01)
======== ====== ======
DECEMBER 31, 1999:
Actual....................................... $(18,514) $(2.13) $(2.13)
======== ====== ======
Pro forma.................................... $(21,395) $(2.47) $(2.47)
======== ====== ======
</TABLE>
These pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of results which may
be expected in the future as additional grants are made each year and options
vest over several years.
During 1999, the Company granted 334,332 options to purchase Common Stock at
$0.8538 to $4.50 per share to non-employees for services previously rendered.
The options were fully vested upon grant date. The Company recorded the fair
value of the stock as determined using the Black-Scholes pricing model and
recognized stock-based compensation expense of $2,340.
During 1996, 1997, 1998 and 1999, the Company granted options to
non-employees to purchase 11,332, 7,998, 68,742, and 508,798 shares,
respectively, of the Company's Common Stock in exchange for services rendered.
The options vest over four years. These options are subject to variable plan
accounting, with fair value, as determined using the Black-Scholes pricing
model, remeasurement at the end of each quarterly reporting period. The Company
recorded $0, $1,041 and $5,051 of deferred stock compensation and recognized
stock-based compensation expense of $0, $412, and $351 in 1997, 1998 and 1999,
respectively related to these grants. As of December 31, 1999, 574,238 of these
options remain outstanding.
F-26
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
20. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES:
LEASES:
The Company and its subsidiaries lease certain facilities under
noncancelable operating leases, which expire at various dates through 2003. The
minimum future lease payments under the leases at December 31, 1999 are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPERATING LEASES
----------------
<S> <C>
Years ending:
2000...................................................... $1,135
2001...................................................... 1,085
2002...................................................... 982
2003...................................................... 323
2004...................................................... --
------
Total minimum lease payments.............................. $3,525
======
</TABLE>
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 is $1,376,
$1,846, and $1,840, respectively.
LITIGATION:
The Company and its subsidiaries may become involved in legal proceedings,
claims and litigation from time to time arising in the ordinary course of
business. In the opinion of management, the outcome of such current legal
proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on the
Company's consolidated operating results, cash flows or financial position.
GUARANTEE:
In conjunction with a sale of equipment, HUTS has guaranteed a bank loan
incurred by a UTSC customer. As of December 31, 1999, the total amount of debt
guaranteed by the Company was $1,552. The debt carries an interest rate of
6.993% per annum and is payable in 3 installments with the final installment due
December 30, 2001.
21. 401(k) PLAN:
The Company sponsors a 401(k) plan in which all employees are eligible to
participate immediately upon employment. Matching contributions are at the
discretion of the Company. The Company made no matching contribution to the plan
during 1997, 1998 or 1999.
22. OPERATING RISKS:
FINANCIAL RISKS:
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to
concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and
accounts receivable. The Company places its temporary cash investments with
several financial institutions. Approximately $11,444 and $43,635 of the
Company's cash was on deposit in foreign accounts at December 31, 1998 and 1999,
respectively. The Company invests excess cash in highly liquid investments with
original maturity of three months or less,
F-27
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
22. OPERATING RISKS: (CONTINUED)
such as certificates of deposit and money market funds, which the Company
believes have limited exposure to risk.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS:
No customer in the continuing operations accounted for more than 10% of the
Company's sales during 1997 and 1998. The company's first and second largest
customers accounted for 30% and 11% of the Company's sales and 39% and 6% of the
accounts receivable respectively, as of December 31, 1999. Over 90% of the
Company's sales during 1999 were to entities affiliated with the government of
China or state owned enterprises. Accounts receivable balances from these China
government affiliated entities or state owned enterprises were $83,825 as of
December 31, 1999. The Company extends credit to its customers generally without
requiring collateral. The Company monitors its exposure for credit losses and
maintains allowances for uncollectible accounts.
No vendor accounted for more than 10% of the Company's cost of sales during
1997 and 1998. One vendor, a related party, accounted for 47% of the Company's
cost of sales and 8% of accounts payable as of December 31, 1999.
COUNTRY RISKS:
Over 99% of the Company's sales for 1999 were made in China. Accordingly,
the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations may be
influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in China, and by the
general state of China's economy. The Company's operations in China are subject
to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with
companies in the United States. These include risks associated with, among
others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency
exchange. The Company's results may be adversely affected by, among other
things, changes in the political, economic and social conditions in China, and
by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations,
changes in China's telecommunications industry and regulatory rules and
policies, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad,
and rates and methods of taxation.
Specifically, remittances from China which are of a capital nature, such as
the repayment of bank loans denominated in foreign currencies, require approval
from appropriate governmental authorities before Renminbi can be used to
purchase foreign currency. Although the payment of cash dividends is permitted
so long as the subsidiaries have sufficient reserves and adequate amounts of
Renminbi to purchase foreign currency, regulations restrict the ability of the
subsidiaries to transfer funds to the Company through intercompany loans and
advances. The Company had net assets at December 31, 1999 of approximately
$63,000 located in China compared to the Company's total net assets of $166,000.
23. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
In December 1999, the Board of Directors authorized the management of the
Company to file a Registration Statement with the Securities and Exchange
Commission concerning the proposed sale of the shares of its common stock to the
public. Upon completion of this proposed sale, all outstanding shares of the
Company's convertible preferred stock will automatically convert into common
stock. Unaudited pro forma stockholders' equity, as adjusted for the assumed
conversion of the convertible
F-28
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
23. INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (CONTINUED)
preferred stock upon the Company's initial public offering, is disclosed in the
accompanying unaudited pro forma stockholders' equity on the balance sheet.
24. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In January and February 2000, the Company granted to employees 535,820
options to purchase common stock at an exercise price of $13 per share to vest
over four years.
In February 2000, the stockholders approved an increase in the number of
options, to purchase shares of common stock, authorized to be issued under the
1997 Stock Plan from 8,499,018 shares to 10,878,285 shares.
F-29
<PAGE>
PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
The following unaudited pro forma information presents the combined results
of operations as if the acquisition of the minority interest in Wacos had
occurred at the beginning of 1999. The pro forma information is not necessarily
indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisition taken place as of
January 1, 1999, nor is it indicative of future results of operations.
See notes to unaudited pro forma combined financial information for further
detail on the accounting treatment.
F-30
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999
-----------------------------------------------------------
PRO FORMA
UTSTARCOM WACOS(A) COMBINED ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL
---------- --------- --------- ----------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................................. $187,516 $187,516 $187,516
Cost of sales (excludes amortization of deferred stock
compensation of $12)................................ 112,691 112,691 112,691
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Gross profit.......................................... 74,825 74,825 74,825
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses
(excludes amortization of deferred stock
compensation of $4,256)........................... 30,866 30,866 30,866
Research and development expenses (excludes
amortization of deferred stock compensation of
$1,285)........................................... 17,363 17,363 17,363
Amortization of deferred stock compensation......... 5,553 5,553 5,553
Amortization of intangible assets................... 332 332 $ 4,608(1) 4,940
In-process research and development costs........... 3,992 3,992 (3,992)(2) --
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Total operating expenses.............................. 58,106 58,106 616 58,722
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Operating income (loss)............................... 16,719 16,719 (616) 16,103
Interest income (expenses)............................ (1,047) (1,047) (1,047)
Other income (expenses)............................... (1,165) (1,165) (1,165)
Equity in net income of affiliated companies.......... 1,348 1,348 1,348
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority
interest............................................ 15,855 15,855 (616) 15,239
Income tax expense (benefit).......................... 626 626 626
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) before minority interest................ 15,229 15,229 (616) 14,613
Minority interest in (earnings) loss of consolidated
subsidiaries........................................ (2,110) (2,110) (2,110)
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations.............. 13,119 13,119 (616) 12,503
Beneficial conversion feature of Series F convertible
preferred stock..................................... (29,977) (29,977) (29,977)
-------- -------- -------- ------- --------
Income (loss) from continuing operations applicable to
common stockholders................................. $(16,858) $(16,858) $ (616) $(17,474)
======== ======== ======== ======= ========
Earnings per common share--basic...................... $ (0.24)
========
Earnings per common share--diluted.................... $ (0.24)
========
Shares used in pro forma per-share
calculation--basic................................ 72,947
========
Shares used in pro forma per-share
calculation--diluted.............................. 72,947
========
</TABLE>
(A) Wacos statement of operations are consolidated within UTStarcom's statement
of operations and no further adjustment is required.
See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma combined financial information.
F-31
<PAGE>
UTSTARCOM, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
Pro forma adjustments for the unaudited pro forma statement of operations
for the year ended 1999 are as follows:
(1) Represents the allocation of purchase price for Wacos to assembled
workforce and the excess of costs of acquiring Wacos over the fair value
of net assets acquired, which will be amortized over a period of three to
five years; and
(2) Represents the in-process research and development charge resulting from
the acquisition of the minority interest in Wacos, removed from the pro
forma statement of operations as a non-recurring charge.
The pro forma combined statement of operations data presents the Company's
consolidated results of operations as if the Company's acquisition of Wacos had
occurred as of January 1, 1999 and the assumed conversion of all the Company's
outstanding preferred stock into shares of the Company's common stock that will
be effective upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering as if
such conversion had occurred on January 1, 1999 or at the date of issuance. The
pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what would have occurred
had the acquisition been made as of such period, nor is it indicative of future
results of operations.
F-32
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Through and including March 27, 2000 (the 25th day after the date of this
prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or
not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus.
This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when
acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or
subscriptions.
10,000,000 SHARES
[LOGO]
COMMON STOCK
--------------
P R O S P E C T U S
------------------
MERRILL LYNCH & CO.
BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES LLC
U.S. BANCORP PIPER JAFFRAY
------------------
MERRILL LYNCH JAPAN INCORPORATED
E*TRADE SECURITIES CO., LTD.
MARCH 2, 2000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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