<PAGE>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported): March 14, 2000
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Entrust Technologies Inc.
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(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Maryland
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)
000-24733 62-1670648
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(Commission File Number) (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
One Preston Park South, 4975 Preston Park Blvd., Suite 400, 75093
Plano, TX ----------
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(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(972) 943-7300
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(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Not Applicable
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(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)
<PAGE>
Item 2 Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.
-------------------------------------
On March 14, 2000 (the "Closing Date"), Entrust Technologies Inc. (the
"Company") completed its acquisition (the "CygnaCom Acquisition") of all of the
outstanding stock of CygnaCom Solutions, Inc., a Virginia corporation
("CygnaCom"), pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2000
(the "Purchase Agreement"), by and among the Company, CygnaCom and Santosh
Chokhani, Isadore Schoen, Sarbari Gupta, Sadegh Kavoussi, Peter Hesse, Scott
Shorter, Mike Boberski, Johnny Hsiung, Christine Miller, William Taris, Kristina
Rogers, Mark Whitaker, and Edward Morris (collectively, the "Stockholders").
Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, on the Closing Date, all of the
outstanding shares of common stock of CygnaCom were exchanged, in the aggregate,
for $16,000,000 in cash (the "Cash Purchase Price"), whereupon CygnaCom became a
wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Cash Purchase Price was paid for
from the proceeds of the Company's follow-on public offering that closed in
February, 2000.
Prior to the Purchase Agreement, CygnaCom was a high technology Company
that delivered information technology products and services, with expertise in
public key infrastructure, cryptographic technologies, security engineering and
systems integration and development. The Company currently intends to continue
CygnaCom's business substantially in the manner conducted by CygnaCom
immediately prior to the CygnaCom Acquisition.
The Purchase Agreement and the CygnaCom Acquisition were approved by the
Board of Directors of the Company and the Board of Directors and stockholders of
CygnaCom. The terms of the Purchase Agreement and the CygnaCom Acquisition were
determined on the basis of arm's-length negotiations. Prior to the execution of
the Purchase Agreement, neither the Company, nor any of its affiliates, nor any
director or officer of the Company nor any associate of any such director or
officer, had any material relationship with CygnaCom or any of the Stockholders.
The foregoing description of the Purchase Agreement does not purport to be
complete and is qualified by reference to the full text of the Purchase
Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and
incorporated herein by reference. The Company's press release dated March 15,
2000, which is filed as Exhibit 99 to this Current Report on Form 8-K, is also
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 7. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND EXHIBITS.
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(a) Financial Statements of Businesses Acquired.
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The financial statements of CygnaCom required by this item are not included
with this initial report. The required financial statements will be filed by
amendment not later than May 30, 2000.
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(b) Pro Forma Financial Information.
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The pro forma financial information required by this item are not included
with this initial report. The required pro forma financial information will be
filed by amendment not later than May 30, 2000.
(c) Exhibits.
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See Exhibit Index attached hereto.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 24, 2000 ENTRUST TECHNOLOGIES INC.
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(Registrant)
By: /s/ John A. Ryan
--------------------------
John A. Ryan
President and
Chief Executive Officer
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EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit
Number Description
- ------ -----------
<C> <S>
2/*/ Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 14, 2000, by and among
Entrust Technologies Inc., CygnaCom Solutions, Inc. and Santosh
Chokhani, Isadore Schoen, Sarbari Gupta, Sadegh Kavoussi, Peter Hesse,
Scott Shorter, Mike Boberski, Johnny Hsiung, Christine Miller, William
Taris, Kristina Rogers, Mark Whitaker, and Edward Morris.
99 Press Release dated March 15, 2000.
</TABLE>
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* The Company hereby agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted
schedules to the Purchase Agreement to the Securities and Exchange Commission
upon its request.
<PAGE>
Exhibit 2
STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT
BY AND AMONG
ENTRUST TECHNOLOGIES INC.
CYGNACOM SOLUTIONS, INC.
AND
THE STOCKHOLDERS OF
CYGNACOM SOLUTIONS, INC.
DATED
MARCH 14, 2000
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
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<S> <C>
ARTICLE I PURCHASE AND SALE OF THE CYGNACOM SHARES........................ 1
1.1 Purchase of the CygnaCom Shares from the Stockholders............ 1
1.2 Purchase Price................................................... 1
1.3 The Closing...................................................... 2
1.4 Further Assurances............................................... 5
ARTICLE II REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE STOCKHOLDERS REGARDING
THE CYGNACOM SHARES........................................................ 6
2.1 Ownership of CygnaCom Shares...................................... 6
2.2 Authority......................................................... 6
2.3 Noncontravention.................................................. 6
ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
AND CYGNACOM REGARDING CYGNACOM............................................ 7
3.1 Organization...................................................... 7
3.2 Capitalization.................................................... 7
3.3 Noncontravention.................................................. 7
3.4 Regulatory Approvals.............................................. 8
3.5 Financial Statements and Information.............................. 8
3.6 Intellectual Property............................................. 8
3.7 Trademarks........................................................ 9
3.8 Real Property..................................................... 10
3.9 Personal Property................................................. 10
3.10 Contracts........................................................ 10
3.11 Books and Records; Bank Accounts................................. 11
3.12 Tax Matters...................................................... 11
3.13 Customers and Suppliers.......................................... 12
3.14 Insurance........................................................ 12
3.15 Legal Compliance................................................. 13
3.16 Litigation....................................................... 13
3.17 Confidential Information......................................... 13
3.18 Employees........................................................ 13
3.19 Employee Benefits................................................ 13
3.20 Conduct of the Business of CygnaCom.............................. 16
3.21 Absence of Material Adverse Changes.............................. 16
3.22 Business Relationships With Affiliates........................... 16
3.23 Brokers' Fees.................................................... 16
3.24 Disclosure....................................................... 17
ARTICLE IV REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE BUYER.................... 17
4.1 Organization...................................................... 17
4.2 Authorization..................................................... 17
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
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<S> <C>
4.3 Noncontravention.................................................. 17
4.4 Regulatory Approvals.............................................. 17
4.5 Brokers' Fees..................................................... 17
ARTICLE V COVENANTS....................................................... 18
5.1 CygnaCom Stockholder Non-FAA Employees............................ 18
5.2 CygnaCom Non-FAA Employees........................................ 18
5.3 FAA Employees..................................................... 18
5.4 Legal Fees........................................................ 18
ARTICLE VI INDEMNIFICATION................................................ 19
6.1 Indemnification by the Stockholders............................... 19
6.2 Indemnification by the Buyer...................................... 19
6.3 Claims for Indemnification........................................ 19
6.4 Limitations....................................................... 21
6.5 Arbitration....................................................... 21
ARTICLE VII TAX MATTERS................................................... 22
7.1 Preparation and Filing of Tax Returns............................. 22
7.2 Tax Indemnification by the Stockholders........................... 23
7.3 Allocation of Certain Taxes....................................... 24
7.4 Cooperation on Tax Matters........................................ 24
7.5 Tax Covenants..................................................... 25
ARTICLE VIII MISCELLANEOUS................................................ 26
8.1 Prior Agreements.................................................. 26
8.2 No Third Party Beneficiaries...................................... 26
8.3 Entire Agreement.................................................. 26
8.4 Succession and Assignment......................................... 26
8.5 Counterparts...................................................... 26
8.6 Headings. 26
8.7 Notices. 26
8.8 Governing Law..................................................... 28
8.9 Amendments and Waivers............................................ 28
8.10 Severability..................................................... 28
</TABLE>
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Exhibits
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Exhibit A-1 Form of Employment Agreement for Santosh Chokhani
Exhibit A-2 Form of Employment Agreement for Isadore Schoen
Exhibit A-3 Form of Offer Letter for CygnaCom Stockholder Non-FAA
Employees and CygnaCom Non-FAA Employees
Exhibit A-4 Form of Agreement for FAA Employees
Exhibit B-1 Form of Stock Option Agreement for CygnaCom Stockholder Non-
FAA Employees
Exhibit B-2 Form of Stock Option Agreement for CygnaCom Non-FAA Employees
Exhibit C Form of Opinion of Wilkes, Artis, Hedrick & Lane, Chartered
SCHEDULES TO THE DISCLOSURE SCHEDULE
------------------------------------
Schedule I Stockholders and Percentage Interests
Schedule II Option Agreements, Option Grants and Employment Agreements
for CygnaCom Stockholders
Schedule III Option Agreements, Option Grants and Employment Agreements
for CygnaCom Non-FAA Employees
Schedule IV FAA Employees
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<PAGE>
STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Agreement is entered into as of March 14, 2000 by and among Entrust
Technologies Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "Buyer"), CygnaCom Solutions,
Inc., a Virginia corporation ("CygnaCom"), and the stockholders of CygnaCom
listed on Schedule I to the Disclosure Schedule attached hereto (individually, a
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"Stockholder" and collectively, the "Stockholders"). The Buyer, CygnaCom and
the Stockholders are referred to collectively herein as the "Parties."
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
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1. The Stockholders collectively own all of the issued and outstanding
shares of the common stock, no par value per share of CygnaCom (collectively,
the "CygnaCom Shares"), as set forth in more detail on Schedule I to the
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Disclosure Schedule (as defined below).
2. The Buyer desires to purchase from the Stockholders, and the
Stockholders desire to sell to the Buyer, the CygnaCom Shares for the
consideration set forth below, subject to the terms and conditions of this
Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the representations and warranties
contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Parties agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
PURCHASE AND SALE OF THE CYGNACOM SHARES
1.1 Purchase of the CygnaCom Shares from the Stockholders.
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Upon and subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, at the
closing of the purchase and sale of the CygnaCom Shares contemplated by this
Agreement (the "Closing"), each Stockholder shall sell, transfer, convey, assign
and deliver to the Buyer, and the Buyer shall purchase, acquire and accept from
each Stockholder, all of the CygnaCom Shares owned by such Stockholders.
1.2 Purchase Price.
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(a) The purchase price to be paid by the Buyer for the CygnaCom Shares
shall be Sixteen Million Dollars ($16,000,000) (the "Cash Purchase Price").
(b) At the Closing, the Buyer shall deliver to the Stockholders the
Cash Purchase Price in proportion to their percentage interests in CygnaCom
shown on Schedule I to the Disclosure Schedule (the "Percentage Interests") by
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cashier's or certified check, or by wire transfer of immediately available funds
to an account designated by each of the Stockholders.
<PAGE>
1.3 The Closing.
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(a) The execution and delivery by the Parties of this Agreement shall
take place simultaneously with the Closing. The Closing shall take place at the
offices of Hale and Dorr LLP, 11951 Freedom Drive, Suite 1400, Reston, Virginia,
20190, commencing at 12:00 p.m., local time, on March 14, 2000, or, if all of
the conditions to the obligations of the Parties to consummate the transactions
contemplated hereby have not been satisfied or waived by such date, on such
mutually agreeable later date as soon as practicable after the satisfaction or
waiver of all conditions to the obligations of the Parties to consummate the
transactions contemplated hereby (the "Closing Date").
(b) At the Closing:
(i) each Stockholder shall deliver to the Buyer one or more
certificates evidencing all of the CygnaCom Shares owned by such Stockholder,
duly endorsed in blank, pursuant to Section 1.3(b)(xi);
(ii) the Buyer shall deliver to each Stockholder their portion of
the Cash Purchase Price in accordance with Subsection 1.2(b);
(iii) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer a Certificate of
Officers and Principal Stockholders (the "CygnaCom Certificate") as to the
effect that each of the representations and warranties set forth in Article III
are true and correct as of the Closing Date and all other related conditions
have been met;
(iv) CygnaCom and each of Santosh Chokhani and Isadore Schoen
shall execute and deliver an Employment Agreement in the form attached hereto as
Exhibits A-1 and A-2, respectively;
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(v) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer a Good Standing
certificate of CygnaCom from the Secretary of State of the State of Virginia.
(vi) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer a Certificate of
Incorporation of CygnaCom as certified by the Secretary of State of the State of
Virginia.
(vii) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer a Certificate of Status
of Foreign Corporation for the State of Maryland;
(viii) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer a Certificate of the
Secretary of CygnaCom as to (i) the By-Laws, (ii) resolutions of the Board of
Directors relating to the Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein
and (iii) the incumbency of officers.
(ix) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer the Resignations of all
Officers and Directors of the CygnaCom.
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<PAGE>
(x) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer a closing balance sheet as
of January 31, 2000 (the "Closing Balance Sheet").
(xi) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer stock certificates issued
in the respective names of each of the following individuals, duly endorsed in
blank, representing all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the
Company:
1. Santosh Chokhani 204 shares of Common Stock.
2. Isadore Schoen 112 shares of Common Stock.
3. Sarbari Gupta 12 shares of Common Stock.
4. Sadegh Kavoussi 20 shares of Common Stock.
5. Peter Hesse 8 shares of Common Stock.
6. Scott Shorter 4 shares of Common Stock.
7. Mike Boberski 4 shares of Common Stock.
8. Johnny Hsiung 8 shares of Common Stock.
9. Christine Miller 4 shares of Common Stock.
10. William Taris 8 shares of Common Stock.
11. Kristina Rogers 4 shares of Common Stock.
12. Mark Whitaker 4 shares of Common Stock.
13. Edward Morris 8 shares of Common Stock.
(xii) CygnaCom shall deliver to the Buyer wire transfer
instructions and reference numbers for each of the following wire transfers:
1. Wire transfer in the amount of $8,160,000.00 from Entrust to Santosh
Chokhani.
2. Wire transfer in the amount of $4,480,000.00 from Entrust to Isadore
Schoen.
3. Wire transfer in the amount of $480,000.00 from Entrust to Sarbari
Gupta.
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<PAGE>
4. Wire transfer in the amount of $800,000.00 from Entrust to Sadegh
Kavoussi.
5. Wire transfer in the amount of $320,000.00 from Entrust to Peter
Hesse.
6. Wire transfer in the amount of $160,000.00 from Entrust to Scott
Shorter.
7. Wire transfer in the amount of $160,000.00 from Entrust to Mike
Boberski.
8. Wire transfer in the amount of $320,000.00 from Entrust to Johnny
Hsiung.
9. Wire transfer in the amount of $160,000.00 from Entrust to Christine
Miller.
10. Wire transfer in the amount of $320,000.00 from Entrust to William
Taris.
11. Wire transfer in the amount of $160,000.00 from Entrust to Kristina
Rogers.
12. Wire transfer in the amount of $160,000.00 from Entrust to Mark
Whitaker.
13. Wire transfer in the amount of $320,000.00 from Entrust to Edward
Morris.
(xiii) The Buyer shall deliver to CygnaCom a Good Standing
Certificate of Entrust from the Secretary of the State of the State of Maryland.
(xiv) The Buyer shall deliver to CygnaCom the Articles of
Incorporation of Entrust as certified by the Secretary of the State of the State
of Maryland.
(xv) The Buyer shall deliver to CygnaCom the Certificate of
Secretary of Entrust as to (i) the By-Laws and (ii) resolutions of the Board of
Directors relating to the Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein
and (iii) the incumbency of officers.
(xvi) Wilkes, Artis, Hedrick & Lane, Chartered shall deliver to
the Buyer an opinion with respect to the matters set forth in Exhibit C attached
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hereto, addressed to the Buyer and dated as of the Closing Date; and
(xvii) the Buyer and the Stockholders' Representative (as defined
below) shall execute and deliver a cross-receipt evidencing the purchase and
sale of the CygnaCom Shares referred to above.
(c) For the purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have
the following definitions:
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<PAGE>
(A) "CygnaCom Non-FAA Employees" shall mean the persons shown on
Schedule III to the Disclosure Schedule who will be employed performing non-FAA
- ------------
related services after the Closing by CygnaCom.
(B) "CygnaCom Stockholder Non-FAA Employees" shall mean CygnaCom
Non-FAA Employees shown on Schedule II of the Disclosure Schedule who own issued
-----------
and outstanding shares of common stock of CygnaCom and will be employed
performing non-FAA related services after the Closing by CygnaCom.
(C) "FAA Employees" shall mean the CygnaCom FAA Employees shown
on Schedule IV to the Disclosure Schedule who will be employed performing FAA
-----------
related services after the Closing by CygnaCom, pursuant to the terms of
Exhibit A-4.
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(D) "FAA Stockholders" shall mean the FAA Employees shown on
Schedule IV to the Disclosure Schedule who own issued and outstanding shares of
- -----------
common stock of CygnaCom.
(E) "Principal Stockholders" shall mean Santosh Chokhani and
Isadore Schoen.
(F) "Stockholders' Representative" shall mean Santosh Chokhani,
who is hereby designated by each of the Stockholders to serve as the
representative of the Stockholders with respect to the matters expressly set
forth in this Agreement to be performed by the Stockholders' Representative.
Each of the Stockholders, by execution of this Agreement, hereby irrevocably
appoints the Stockholders' Representative as the agent, proxy and attorney-in-
fact for such Stockholder for the following purposes: (a) to consummate the
transactions contemplated herein, (b) to disburse any funds received hereunder
to such Stockholder and each other Stockholder, (c) to execute and deliver any
certificates representing the Company's capital stock and execute such further
instruments as the Buyer may request and (d) to negotiate, settle, compromise
and otherwise handle all disputes, under the Agreement, resolve any issues that
might arise with respect to all claims for indemnification made by the Buyer
against the Stockholders. Each of the Stockholders agrees that such agency and
proxy are coupled with an interest, are therefore irrevocable without the
consent of the Stockholders' Representative and shall survive the death,
incapacity or bankruptcy of any Stockholder. Neither the Stockholders'
Representative nor any agent employed by him shall incur any liability to any
Stockholder relating to the performance of his duties hereunder except for
actions or omissions constituting fraud, bad faith or willful misconduct.
1.4 Further Assurances.
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At any time and from time to time after the Closing, at the reasonable
request of the Buyer and without further consideration, the Stockholders shall
promptly execute and deliver such instruments of sale, transfer, conveyance,
assignment and confirmation, and take all such other action as the Buyer may
reasonably request, more effectively to transfer, convey and assign to the
Buyer, and to confirm the Buyer's title to, all of the CygnaCom Shares, to put
the Buyer through its ownership of the CygnaCom Shares in actual possession and
operating control of the assets (including without limitation the original
corporate minute books of CygnaCom and all corporate seals), properties and
business of CygnaCom, and to carry out the purpose and intent of this Agreement.
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<PAGE>
ARTICLE II
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE STOCKHOLDERS
REGARDING THE CYGNACOM SHARES
Each of the Stockholders severally represents and warrants to the Buyer as
follows:
2.1 Ownership of CygnaCom Shares.
----------------------------
Each Stockholder has good and valid title, clear of any and all Security
Interests (as defined below), to all of the CygnaCom Shares listed on Schedule I
to the Disclosure Schedule as being owned by him or it. Each Stockholder has
the full right, power and authority to sell, transfer, convey, assign and
deliver to the Buyer at the Closing the CygnaCom Shares owned by him or it and,
upon consummation of the purchase and sale contemplated hereby, the Buyer will
acquire from him or it good and marketable title to such CygnaCom Shares, free
and clear of all Security Interests, other than those created or arising by
reason of any action of the Buyer. For purposes of this Agreement, "Security
Interest" means any mortgage, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, charge,
lien, contractual restriction or covenant, option or other adverse claim
(whether arising by contract or by operation of law).
2.2 Authority.
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Each Stockholder has all requisite power and authority to execute and
deliver this Agreement and the other agreements contemplated herein to which it
is a party and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.
This Agreement has been duly and validly executed and delivered by him or it,
and constitutes a valid and binding obligation of him or it, enforceable against
him or it in accordance with its terms.
2.3 Noncontravention.
----------------
Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Stockholder,
nor the consummation by him or it of the transactions contemplated hereby, will
(i) conflict with, result in a breach of, constitute a default under, or require
any notice, consent or waiver under, any agreement or instrument to which the
Stockholder is a party or by which such Stockholder is bound, (ii) result in the
imposition of any Security Interest upon the CygnaCom Shares owned by him or it,
or (iii) violate any law, rule, regulation, order, writ, injunction or decree
applicable to such Stockholder or to the CygnaCom Shares owned by such
Stockholder.
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
AND CYGNACOM REGARDING CYGNACOM
Each of the Principal Stockholders and CygnaCom jointly and severally
represent and warrant to the Buyer that the statements contained in this Article
III are true and correct as of the date of this Agreement, except as set forth
in the disclosure schedule provided to, and accepted by, the Buyer (the
"Disclosure Schedule") as evidenced by the initials of the Buyer and each of
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the Principal Stockholders. The Disclosure Schedule shall be arranged in
paragraphs corresponding to the numbered and lettered paragraphs contained in
this Article III, and the disclosures in any paragraph of the Disclosure
Schedule shall qualify another paragraph in this Article III only to the extent
it is reasonably apparent from a reading of the disclosure that such disclosure
is applicable to such other paragraph.
3.1 Organization.
------------
CygnaCom is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good
standing under the laws of the State of Virginia and has all requisite power and
authority to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being
conducted to execute and deliver this Agreement and the other agreements
contemplated herein, and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby. Certified copies of the Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws of
CygnaCom, as amended to date, have been previously delivered to the Buyer, are
complete and correct, and no amendments have been made thereto or have been
authorized since the date thereof. CygnaCom does not have any subsidiaries or
own any equity interest in any other corporation or entity. CygnaCom is
qualified to transact business as a foreign corporation in the jurisdictions
listed in Section 3.1 of the Disclosure Schedule.
3.2 Capitalization.
--------------
The authorized capital stock of CygnaCom consists of 400 shares of Common
Stock, no par value per share (the "CygnaCom Common Stock"), of which 400 shares
are outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and are owned by the
Stockholders as set forth on Schedule I to the Disclosure Schedule. None of the
shares of CygnaCom Common Stock are held in the treasury of CygnaCom. All of
the outstanding CygnaCom Shares are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid
and nonassessable and were issued without violation of any preemptive rights.
There are no outstanding or authorized options, warrants, rights, agreements,
obligations or commitments to which CygnaCom is a party or which are binding
upon CygnaCom providing for the issuance, disposition or acquisition, contingent
or otherwise, of any of its capital stock, or any other securities exercisable
therefore or convertible or exchangeable thereinto. There are no outstanding or
authorized stock appreciation, phantom stock or similar rights with respect to
CygnaCom. There are no agreements, voting trusts, proxies or understandings
with respect to the voting, or registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, of any capital stock of CygnaCom.
3.3 Noncontravention.
----------------
The execution and delivery by CygnaCom of this Agreement and the agreements
provided for herein, and the consummation by CygnaCom of all transactions
contemplated hereunder and thereunder by CygnaCom, have been duly authorized by
all requisite corporate action. This Agreement and all other agreements and
obligations entered into and undertaken in connection with the transactions
contemplated hereby to which CygnaCom or any of the Stockholders is a party
constitute the valid and legally binding obligations of CygnaCom and the
Stockholders, enforceable against them in accordance with their respective
terms. The execution, delivery and performance by CygnaCom and the Stockholders
of this Agreement and the agreements provided for herein, and the consummation
by CygnaCom and the Stockholders of the transactions contemplated hereby and
thereby, will not, with or without the giving of notice or the passage of time
or both, (a) violate the provisions of any law, rule or regulation known to
CygnaCom; (b) violate the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or By
laws of CygnaCom; (c) violate any judgment, decree, order or award of any court,
governmental body or arbitrator applicable to CygnaCom; or (d) conflict with,
result in the
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<PAGE>
breach or termination of, constitute a default under any agreement; or cause the
creation of any Security Interest upon CygnaCom's assets. Section 3.3 of the
Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of each notice, consent, waiver or
amendment required to be obtained prior to or as a result of the consummation of
the purchase and sale of CygnaCom Shares contemplated by this Agreement, under
any Contract (the "Required Consents")
3.4 Regulatory Approvals.
--------------------
All consents, approvals, authorizations and other requirements prescribed
by any law, rule, regulation which must be obtained from any governmental agency
or third party or otherwise satisfied by CygnaCom and which are necessary and
known to CygnaCom for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been
obtained.
3.5 Financial Statements and Information.
------------------------------------
(a) CygnaCom has previously delivered to the Buyer its unaudited, reviewed
financial statements as of January 15, 1999. Such financial statements (i) have
been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting
principles ("GAAP") applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered
thereby, (ii) fairly present, in all material respects, as of the dates and for
the periods indicated, the financial position and the results of operations of
CygnaCom and (iii) are consistent, in all material respects, with the books and
records of CygnaCom. CygnaCom has no material liability other than the
liabilities shown on CygnaCom's Balance Sheet as of the Closing Date.
3.6 Intellectual Property.
---------------------
(a) CygnaCom owns or has the right to use all Intellectual Property (as
defined below) necessary to make, use or sell any products currently sold or
under development by CygnaCom, or otherwise necessary for the operation of its
business as presently conducted (the "CygnaCom Intellectual Property"). Each
item of CygnaCom Intellectual Property will be owned or available for use by
CygnaCom on identical terms and conditions immediately following the Closing and
is listed in Section 3.6(a) of the Disclosure Schedule. CygnaCom has taken all
reasonable measures to protect the proprietary nature of each item of CygnaCom
Intellectual Property, and to maintain in confidence all trade secrets and
confidential information, that it owns or uses. No other person or entity has
any rights to any of the CygnaCom Intellectual Property, except pursuant to
agreements and licenses specified in Section 3.6(b) or 3.6(c) of the Disclosure
Schedule, and, to the knowledge of CygnaCom, no person or entity is infringing,
violating or misappropriating any CygnaCom Intellectual Property. CygnaCom has
made available to the Buyer correct and complete copies of all written
documentation evidencing ownership or licensing of, and any claims or disputes
relating to, each item of CygnaCom Intellectual Property. For purposes of this
Agreement, "Intellectual Property" means all (A) patents and patent
applications, (B) copyrights and registrations thereof, (C) formulas, processes,
techniques, technical data, research and development information or other
confidential information relating to the development or manufacture of
CygnaCom's products, (D) computer software, data and documentation, (E) trade
secrets and confidential business information, whether patentable or
unpatentable and whether or not reduced to practice, know-how, manufacturing and
production processes and techniques, research and development information,
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copyrightable works, financial, marketing and business data, pricing and cost
information, business and marketing plans and customer and supplier lists and
information, and (F) other proprietary rights relating to any of the foregoing.
None of the activities or business presently conducted by CygnaCom infringes or
violates, or constitutes a misappropriation of, any Intellectual Property rights
of any other person or entity except as set out in Section 3.6(a) of the
Disclosure Schedule. CygnaCom has not received any complaint, claim or notice
alleging any such infringement, violation or misappropriation.
(b) Section 3.6(b) of the Disclosure Schedule identifies each license or
other agreement pursuant to which CygnaCom has licensed, distributed or
otherwise granted any rights to any third party with respect to, any of CygnaCom
Intellectual Property.
(c) Section 3.6(c) of the Disclosure Schedule identifies each item of
CygnaCom Intellectual Property that is owned by a party other than CygnaCom, and
the license or agreement pursuant to which CygnaCom uses it.
(d) All internal computer systems that are material to its business and
operations are Year 2000 Compliant. CygnaCom is not aware of any failure to be
Year 2000 Compliant on the part of any third-party system that is material to
the business or operations of CygnaCom, including without limitation any system
belonging to one of CygnaCom's suppliers, manufacturers, service providers or
customers. For purposes of this Agreement, "Year 2000 Compliant" means, with
respect to computer and electronic systems, that such system, when used properly
in accordance with its documentation, is capable of correctly receiving,
processing and providing date data within and between the twentieth and twenty-
first centuries; provided that all applications, hardware and other systems used
in conjunction with such system correctly exchange date data with or provide
data to such system.
3.7 Trademarks.
----------
CygnaCom has used the Trademarks (as defined below) listed in Section 3.7
of the Disclosure Schedule since the dates set forth in such Section. CygnaCom
has not licensed or granted any right to use any such Trademark to any other
person or entity. CygnaCom does not sell products or operate its business
under, and in the past has not sold products or operated its business under, any
Trademarks other than those listed in Section 3.7 of the Disclosure Schedule.
"Trademarks" means each trademark, tradename or other designation adopted or
used by CygnaCom and each registered trademark and application for registration
of trademark which is owned by CygnaCom.
3.8 Real Property.
-------------
CygnaCom owns no real property.
3.9 Personal Property.
-----------------
(a) CygnaCom owns or leases all tangible assets necessary for the conduct
of its business as presently conducted by CygnaCom. Each such tangible asset is
free from material defects, has been maintained in accordance with normal
industry practice, is in operating condition and repair (subject to normal wear
and tear) and is suitable for the purposes for which it presently is used. All
such tangible assets are located at CygnaCom's facility at 7927 Jones Brand
Drive, Suite 100, West, McLean, Virginia 22102.
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<PAGE>
(b) No asset of CygnaCom (tangible or intangible) is subject to any
Security Interest.
(c) Section 3.9(c) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth (i) a true,
correct and complete list as of the Closing Date of all items of tangible
personal property (other than inventory), including without limitation purchased
and capitalized software, owned by CygnaCom as of the date hereof, or not owned
by CygnaCom but in the possession of or used in the business of CygnaCom (the
"Personal Property"), other than individual assets with a book value of less
than $10,000; and (ii) a description of the owner of, and any agreement relating
to the use of, each item of Personal Property not owned by CygnaCom and the
circumstances under which such Property is used. Each item of Personal Property
not owned by CygnaCom is in such condition that upon the return of such property
to its owner in its present condition at the end of the relevant lease term or
as otherwise contemplated by the applicable agreement between the respective
entity and the owner or lessor thereof, the obligations of the respective entity
to such owner or lessor will be discharged.
3.10 Contracts.
---------
(a) Section 3.10 of the Disclosure Schedule lists each of the following
contracts, agreements or commitments (written or oral) to which CygnaCom is a
party (other than those listed in Section 3.6 of the Disclosure Schedule): (i)
any contract, agreement or commitment providing for the payment or receipt by
CygnaCom of an amount in excess of $10,000 in any year; (ii) any contract,
agreement or commitment concerning ownership of ideas or inventions, work-for-
hire or non-competition; (iii) any contract, agreement or commitment with any
current or former stockholder or employees of or consultants to CygnaCom, except
employee-at-will arrangements; (iv) any partnership or joint venture agreement;
(v) any lease or sublease of real estate; (vi) any agreement for the borrowing
of money or guarantee of indebtedness; (vii) any agreement with a customer or
distributor under which CygnaCom has granted exclusive rights or terms, and
(viii) any agreement relating to the acquisition or disposition of assets
outside the ordinary course of business having a value of more than $10,000
(collectively, together with the agreements and licenses listed in Section 3.6
of the Disclosure Schedule, the "Contracts").
(b) Except as set forth on the Disclosure Schedule, CygnaCom has previously
made available to Buyer or its outside counsel, a complete and accurate copy of
each Contract. Each Contract is a valid and binding agreement between CygnaCom
and the other party or parties thereto, and will continue to be so immediately
following the Closing; no defaults or breaches exist under any of the Contracts
on the part of CygnaCom or, to the knowledge of CygnaCom, any other party
thereto; and the purchase and sale of CygnaCom Shares contemplated by this
Agreement will not cause a breach under, or give the other party a right to
terminate any such Contract; and CygnaCom has no reason to believe that any
other party to any Contract will not be able to perform its obligations
thereunder.
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3.11 Books and Records; Bank Accounts.
--------------------------------
(a) The corporate minute books, financial and accounting records and other
business records of CygnaCom are accurate and complete in all material respects.
(b) Section 3.11 of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a correct and
complete list of all bank accounts and safe deposits of CygnaCom, and all
authorized signatories with respect thereto.
3.12 Tax Matters.
-----------
(a) CygnaCom has filed on a timely basis all federal, state, local and
foreign Tax (as defined below) returns that were required to be filed, all of
which returns were accurate and complete. CygnaCom has paid on a timely basis
all Taxes which have become due and has withheld and remitted on a timely basis
any Taxes required to be withheld by it. The unpaid Taxes of CygnaCom for tax
periods through Closing do not exceed the accruals and reserves for Taxes set
forth on the Closing Balance Sheet of CygnaCom (exclusive of any accruals for
deferred taxes or similar items that reflect timing differences between tax and
financial accounting principles). No unsatisfied deficiencies have been asserted
or assessed against CygnaCom as a result of any audit by the Internal Revenue
Service or any state, local or foreign taxing authority, and no examination or
audit by any such authority is currently in progress or, to the knowledge of
CygnaCom, threatened.
(b) CygnaCom is not and has never been a member of a group of corporations
with which it has filed (or been required to file) consolidated, combined or
unitary Tax returns. CygnaCom has delivered to the Buyer complete and accurate
copies of all federal, state, local and foreign income and property Tax returns,
examination reports and statements of deficiencies assessed against or agreed to
by CygnaCom for the 1999 tax year. No examination or audit of any Tax return of
CygnaCom is currently in progress or, to the knowledge of CygnaCom, threatened.
CygnaCom has not waived any statute of limitations with respect to Taxes or
agreed to an extension of time with respect to a Tax assessment or deficiency.
CygnaCom (i) is not a "consenting corporation" within the meaning of Section
341(f) of the Code and none of the assets of CygnaCom are subject to an election
under Section 341(f) of the Code; (ii) has not been a United States real
property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897(c)(2) of the Code
during the applicable period specified in Section 897(c)(l)(A)(ii) of the Code;
(iii) has no actual or potential liability for any Taxes of any person or entity
under Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any similar provision of federal,
state, local or foreign law), or as a transferee or successor, by contract, or
otherwise; and (iv) is not and has not been required to make a basis reduction
pursuant to Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-20(b) or Treasury Regulation
Section 1.337(d)-2(b). CygnaCom has not been informed by any jurisdiction that
the jurisdiction believes that CygnaCom was required to file any Tax return that
was not filed. None of the assets of CygnaCom is property that is required to be
treated as being owned by any other person pursuant to the provisions of former
Section 168(f)(8) of the Code. None of the assets of CygnaCom is "tax-exempt use
property" within the meaning of Section 168(h) of the Code. None of the assets
of CygnaCom directly or indirectly secures any debt the interest on which is tax
exempt under Section 103(a) of the Code. CygnaCom has not undergone a change in
any of its methods of accounting resulting in an adjustment to its taxable
income pursuant to Section 481(a)
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of the Code. No state or federal net operating loss of CygnaCom determined as of
the Closing Date is subject to limitation on its use pursuant to Section 382 of
the Code or comparable provisions of state law as a result of any "ownership
change" within the meaning of Section 382(g) of the Code occurring prior to the
Closing Date.
(c) At all times since inception, for federal income tax purposes,
CygnaCom has validly been treated as an "S corporation" within the meaning of
Code Section 1361(a) and has validly been treated in a similar manner for
purposes of the tax laws of all states in which it has been subject to taxation.
(d) CygnaCom at no time has had any "net unrealized built-in gain" within
the meaning of Code Section 1374(d) that would give rise to taxation pursuant to
Section 1374 of the Code (or comparable provisions of state law) if all of the
assets of the Company and the Subsidiaries were disposed of as of the end of the
day immediately preceding the Closing Date at their respective fair market
values.
(e) "Taxes" means all taxes, charges, fees and similar assessments
(including without limitation those relating to income, receipts, excise, real
property, personal property, sales, use, transfer, withholding, employment,
payroll, franchises and value added, and customs and import duties and fees)
imposed by the United States of America or any state, local or foreign
government, or any agency thereof, including any interest, fines or penalties
with respect thereto.
3.13 Customers and Suppliers.
-----------------------
No significant customer has indicated to CygnaCom that it will stop or
decrease, in any material respect, purchasing services from CygnaCom in the
future or that it wishes to return or receive a refund for any services
previously purchased from CygnaCom. Section 3.13 of the Disclosure Schedule
sets forth a list of each supplier that is the sole supplier of any significant
product to CygnaCom. No such supplier has indicated within the past year that
it will stop, or materially decrease the rate of, supplying products to
CygnaCom.
3.14 Insurance.
---------
(a) CygnaCom maintains, and has maintained since its inception, insurance
with respect to its assets and business, the present scope and coverage amounts
of which are described in Section 3.14 of the Disclosure Schedule.
(b) No product liability, professional liability or similar claim has ever
been made against CygnaCom.
3.15 Legal Compliance.
----------------
CygnaCom, and the conduct and operations of CygnaCom's business, are in
compliance with each applicable law (including rules, regulations, ordinances
and codes thereunder) of any federal, state, local or foreign government or
governmental authority known to CygnaCom, except for any violation or default
which will not result in a CygnaCom material adverse effect.
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<PAGE>
3.16 Litigation.
----------
CygnaCom (a) is not subject to any unsatisfied judgement, order, decree,
final agency decision, stipulation or injunction, and (b) is not a party to, nor
to its knowledge threatened with, any litigation, suit, action, termination,
claim, suspension, debarment or revocation proceeding, dispute or controversy by
or before any administrative agency or other governmental authority.
3.17 Confidential Information.
------------------------
CygnaCom has not disclosed any information of a proprietary or
confidential nature relating to its business, products, technology or condition
(financial or otherwise) to any person or entity, except (i) in the ordinary
course of business pursuant to non-disclosure agreements to which CygnaCom is a
party, (ii) to the legal and financial advisors of CygnaCom and its
Stockholders, and (iii) to the Buyer and its legal and financial advisors.
3.18 Employees.
---------
All present employees of CygnaCom are listed on Section 3.18 of the
Disclosure Schedule, together with their job titles and salaries. Each present
and past employee of CygnaCom is bound by CygnaCom's standard confidentiality
agreement, a copy of which is attached as Section 3.18 of the Disclosure
Schedule. No employees of CygnaCom are represented by any labor union or
subject to any collective bargaining agreement, nor is CygnaCom aware of any
unionization or organizational effort pending or contemplated. All present
employees of CygnaCom listed in Section 3.18 have never been, nor to CygnaCom's
knowledge, are subject to any investigation, suspension or debarment action or
proceeding by or before a government agency. CygnaCom is in compliance with all
federal state and local statutes, ordinances and regulations applicable to the
hiring and employment of employees and known to CygnaCom.
3.19 Employee Benefits.
-----------------
(a) Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth an accurate
schedule of all employee benefit or welfare benefit plans or arrangements of the
Company, including without limitation any pension, profit sharing, bonus, stock
option, incentive, deferred compensation, hospitalization, medical, insurance or
other plan or arrangement, any employment agreement containing "golden
parachute" provisions, and a description of such plans and arrangements,
together with copies of such plans, agreements and any trusts related thereto,
and classifications of employees covered thereby (the "Employee Plans"). All
Employee Plans listed on Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule are in
compliance with any applicable provisions of the Employee Retirement Income
Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), and the regulations issued
-----
thereunder, as well as with all other applicable federal, state and local
statutes, ordinances and regulations.
(b) All Employee Plans listed on Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule
that are intended to qualify (the "Qualified Plans") under Section 401(a) of the
---------------
Code have been determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be so qualified, or
will be submitted to the Internal Revenue Service within the relevant amendment
period of Section 401(b) of the Code, and copies of such determination letters
are included as part of Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule. All reports and
other documents required to be filed with any Governmental Entity or distributed
to plan participants or beneficiaries (including, but not limited to, actuarial
reports,
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<PAGE>
audits and Tax Returns) have been timely filed or distributed, and true copies
of the 1998 materials have been made available to the Buyer. Neither the
Stockholder, any Employee Plan listed on Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule
nor the Company has engaged in any transaction prohibited under the provisions
of Section 4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA. No Employee Plan listed on
Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule has incurred an accumulated funding
deficiency, as defined in Section 412(a) of the Code or Section 302(l) of ERISA.
The Company has not incurred any liability for any excise tax penalty or any
other liability due to the Internal Revenue Service or any liability due to the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. The Company has never maintained a plan
that is subject to Title IV of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code. The Company has
never been required to contribute to a multiemployer plan as defined in Section
4001 of ERISA.
(c) Prohibited Transactions. Neither the Company nor any of its
-----------------------
Affiliates, directors, officers, employees or agents, or any "party in interest"
or "disqualified person," as such terms are defined in Section 3 of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), and Section 4975
of the Code has, with respect to any Employee Plan, engaged in or been a party
to any nonexempt "prohibited transaction," as such term is defined in Section
4975 of the Code or Section 406 of ERISA, in connection with which, directly or
indirectly, the Buyer or any of its Affiliates, directors or employees or any
Employee Plan or any related funding medium could be subject to either a penalty
assessed pursuant to Section 502(i) of ERISA or a tax imposed by Section 4975 of
the Code.
(d) Compliance. With respect to all Employee Plans listed on
----------
Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule, the Company and its Affiliates are in
compliance with the requirements prescribed by any and all statutes, orders or
governmental rules or regulations currently in effect, including, but not
limited to, ERISA and the Code, applicable to such Employee Plans. The Company
and its Affiliates have in all respects performed all obligations required to be
performed by them under, and is not in violation in any respect of, and there
has been no default or violation by any other party with respect to, any of the
Employee Plans.
(e) Multiemployer Plans. The Company has never been obligated to
-------------------
contribute to a Multiemployer Plan.
(f) Retiree Benefits. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.19 of the
--------------- -------------
Disclosure Schedule, no Employee Plan provides health or life insurance benefits
for retirees except as required by applicable law. No such plan contains any
provisions, and no commitments or agreements exist, which in any way would limit
or prohibit the Buyer from amending any such plan to reduce or eliminate such
retiree benefits.
(g) Copies of Employee Plans and Related Documents. The Company has
---------------------------------------------
previously provided to the Buyer true, correct and complete copies of all
Employee Plans which have been reduced to writing and written descriptions of
all Employee Plans which have not been reduced to writing, and all agreements,
including trust agreements and insurance contracts, related to such Employee
Plans, and the Summary Plan Description and all modifications thereto for each
Employee Plan communicated to employees. With respect to each Employee Plan that
is a "defined benefit plan," as such term is defined in Section 3(35) of ERISA
(the "Defined Benefit Plans"), true, correct and complete copies of (i) the
annual actuarial valuation reports for the last five years, (ii) the Form 5500
and Schedule A or B thereto, or both, filed for
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<PAGE>
the last five years and (iii) any filings made with the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation, Internal Revenue Service or Department of Labor, or any
correspondence with or from such agencies, regarding the termination of any such
Defined Benefit Plan, have been delivered to the Buyer.
(h) Qualifications. Each Employee Plan intended to qualify under
--------------
Section 401(a) of the Code has been determined by the Internal Revenue Service
to so qualify, and the trusts created thereunder have been determined to be
exempt from tax under the provisions of Section 501(a). Each Employee Plan which
is a funded welfare benefit plan intended to be exempt from tax under the
provisions of Section 501(c)(9) of the Code has been determined by the Internal
Revenue Service to be so exempt. Copies of all determination letters, if any,
with respect to each such Employee Plan have been previously provided by the
Company to the Buyer, and nothing has since occurred, or will occur prior to the
Closing Date, which might cause the loss of such qualification or exemption, no
such Employee Plan has been operated in a manner which would cause it to be
disqualified in operation, and all such Employee Plans have been administered in
compliance with and consistent with all applicable requirements of the Code and
ERISA, including, without limitation, all reporting, notice, and disclosure
requirements.
(i) Claims and Litigation. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.19 of the
---------------------
Disclosure Schedule, there are no threatened or pending claims, suits or other
proceedings by present or former employees of the Company or its affiliates,
plan participants, beneficiaries or spouses of any of the above, the Internal
Revenue Service, the PBGC, or any other person or entity involving any Employee
Plan including claims against the assets of any trust, involving any Employee
Plan, or any rights or benefits thereunder, other than ordinary and usual claims
for benefits by participants or beneficiaries including claims pursuant to
domestic relations orders.
(j) No Implied Rights. Nothing expressed or implied herein shall confer
-----------------
upon any past or present employee of the Company, his or her representatives,
beneficiaries, successors and assigns, nor upon any collective bargaining agent,
any rights or remedies of any nature, including, without limitation, any rights
to employment or continued employment with the Company, the Buyer, or any
successor or affiliate.
(k) Continuation and Transfer. Section 3.19 of the Disclosure Schedule
-------------------------
describes which Employee Plans are to be continued by the Company following the
Closing Date. At the Buyer's election, the Company shall take any actions as may
be necessary or appropriate under all applicable laws and the terms of the
Employee Plans to establish the Buyer, or an affiliate of the Buyer, as having
all rights and obligations with respect to any of the Employee Plans which are
to be continued including, without limitation, rights with respect to all
annuity or insurance contracts which form a part of any of such Employee Plans,
together with all other Employee Plan assets. The Company shall obtain as of the
Closing Date any and all consents, if any, that may be required to effect any
transfer of any trust(s) related to such assumed Employee Plans to such
trustee(s) as may be appointed by the Buyer.
(l) Schedule 3.19 The CygnaCom Employee Plans shall continue after
-------------
Closing.
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<PAGE>
(m) Liabilities. Except as heretofore accrued on the Closing Balance
-----------
Sheet, there are no liabilities with respect to any Employee Plan which
liability relates to any period prior to the Closing Date, including, without
limitation, any taxes or sick pay (whether or not vested), sick and personal
leaves, employee policies, employee benefit claims or liability to the Pension
Benefit Guaranty Corporation. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.19, there is no
severance payment due to the consummation of the transaction.
3.20 Conduct of the Business of CygnaCom.
-----------------------------------
Since January 31, 2000, CygnaCom operated its business consistent with its
customary practices, and did not engage in any transactions outside the ordinary
course of business. CygnaCom made regularly scheduled payments on existing debt
and did not incur any additional indebtedness other than in the ordinary course
of business.
3.21 Absence of Material Adverse Changes.
-----------------------------------
Since January 31, 1999 there has not been any material adverse change in
the business, properties, operations, condition (financial or otherwise),
prospects, assets or liabilities of CygnaCom. The Buyer acknowledges that
consistent with its customary practices, CygnaCom will have distributed all pre-
Closing earnings of CygnaCom to its stockholders, provided that a minimum of Two
Hundred and Thirty-One Thousand Dollars ($231,000) (which includes the
Divestiture Reserve defined in Section 5.3 of this Agreement), of cash reserves
exist at Closing. The Buyer acknowledges that CygnaCom has not accounted for a
vacation reserve, and the absence of this reserve does not create a breach of
this Section 3.21 or any other Section of this Agreement.
3.22 Business Relationships With Affiliates.
--------------------------------------
No officer, director or stockholder of CygnaCom (a) owns any property or
right, tangible or intangible, which is used in, or was developed for the
purpose of use in, the business of CygnaCom, (b) has any claim or cause of
action against CygnaCom, (c) owes any money to or is owed any money by (except
for salary and other compensation accrued in the ordinary course of business)
CygnaCom or (d) has any other business relationship with CygnaCom, other than in
his capacity as an officer, director, stockholder or employee.
3.23 Brokers' Fees.
-------------
No financial advisor, broker, agent or finder was utilized by CygnaCom or
any Stockholder in connection with the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement and no fees are due or owing by CygnaCom to any financial advisor,
broker, finder or agent in connection with the transactions contemplated by the
Agreement.
3.24 Disclosure.
----------
The financial statements and other information concerning CygnaCom that
were provided by CygnaCom to the Buyer in connection with its consideration and
execution of this Agreement (the "CygnaCom Documents") did not contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact
necessary, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made,
in order to make the statements therein not misleading.
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ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE BUYER
The Buyer represents and warrants to the Stockholders as follows:
4.1 Organization.
------------
The Buyer is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good
standing under the laws of the State of Maryland, and has all requisite power
and authority to own its properties and carry on its business as it is currently
being conducted. The Buyer has all requisite power and authority to execute and
deliver this Agreement and the other agreements contemplated herein to which it
is a party and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby.
4.2 Authorization.
-------------
The execution and delivery by the Buyer of this Agreement, and the
consummation by the Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby, have been
duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Buyer.
This Agreement and the other agreements contemplated herein to which it is a
party constitutes a valid and binding obligation of the Buyer, enforceable
against the Buyer in accordance with its terms.
4.3 Noncontravention.
----------------
The execution and delivery by the Buyer of this Agreement and the
consummation by the Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby will not, with
or without the giving of notice or the passage of time or both, (a) violate the
provisions of any law, rule or regulation applicable to the Buyer (b) violate
the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or By-laws of the Buyer; (c)
violate any judgment, decree, order or award of any court, governmental body or
arbitrator applicable to the Buyer; or (d) conflict with, result in the breach
or termination of, or constitute a default under, or require any notice, consent
or waiver under, any material agreement or instrument to which the Buyer is a
party or by which the Buyer or any of its assets is bound.
4.4 Regulatory Approvals.
--------------------
All consents, approvals, authorizations and other requirements prescribed
by any law, rule or regulation which must be obtained or satisfied by the Buyer
and which are necessary for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have
been obtained.
4.5 Brokers' Fees.
-------------
No financial advisor, broker, agent or finder was utilized by the Buyer in
connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and no fees are
due or owing by the Buyer to any financial advisor, broker, finder or agent in
connection with the transactions contemplated by the Agreement.
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ARTICLE V
COVENANTS
5.1 CygnaCom Stockholder Non-FAA Employees.
--------------------------------------
The Buyer shall grant Entrust options pursuant to Schedule II to the
-----------
Disclosure Schedule to all CygnaCom Stockholder Non-FAA Employees who execute an
Offer Letter, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-3 and a Stock Option
-----------
Agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B-1. It is expressly
-----------
acknowledged by all parties to this Agreement that such Entrust options are
being granted in consideration of services to be performed for Entrust by the
CygnaCom Stockholder Non-FAA Employees pursuant to the Offer Letter.
5.2 CygnaCom Non-FAA Employees.
--------------------------
The Buyer shall grant Entrust options pursuant to Schedule III of the
------------
Disclosure Schedule to all CygnaCom Non-FAA Employees who execute an Offer
Letter in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-3 and a Stock Option Agreement
-----------
in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B-2.
-----------
5.3 FAA Employees.
-------------
CygnaCom shall employ, pursuant to the terms of Exhibit A-4, the FAA
Employees shown on Schedule IV to the Disclosure Schedule for a time period
("Divestiture Period") starting at the Closing Date until the earlier of (i)
thirty (30) calendar days following the Closing Date; (ii) the date when the FAA
contracts identified in Schedule 3.10(b) of the Disclosure Schedule ("FAA
Contracts"), including all rights and obligations of CygnaCom, have been
assigned to a third party with all necessary third party consents; or (iii) the
date when all FAA contracts have been terminated. During the Divestiture Period
and as soon as reasonably practicable after the Closing Date, commercially
reasonable steps will be taken by Mr. Sadegh Kavoussi to assign the FAA
Contracts, including all rights and obligations of CygnaCom therein, to a third
party with all necessary third party consents including CygnaCom's consent and
to arrange new employment arrangements with said third party assignee for some
or all of the FAA Employees ("Divestiture"). CygnaCom agrees to retain a cash
reserve ("Divestiture Reserve") of thirty-one thousand dollars ($31,000) to pay
all costs arising from the Divestiture and CygnaCom's termination of the
employment of the FAA Employees at the end of the Divestiture Period, including
but not limited to any severance paid or payable to any of the FAA Employees.
In consideration for his employment services provided to CygnaCom during the
Divestiture Period, Mr. Sadegh Kavoussi shall receive the net proceeds of the
Divestiture (net of costs collectively incurred by the Buyer and/or CygnaCom
related to the Divestiture in excess of the Divestiture Reserve), if any,
received by CygnaCom for the Divestiture.
5.4 Legal Fees.
----------
The Buyer shall pay for CygnaCom's legal fees accrued in connection with
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement up to a maximum of One Hundred
Thousand Dollars ($100,000).
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ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
6.1 Indemnification by the Stockholders.
-----------------------------------
(a) The Principal Stockholders shall, jointly and severally, indemnify the
Buyer in respect of, and hold the Buyer harmless against, any and all debts,
obligations and other liabilities, monetary damages, fines, fees, penalties,
interest obligations, deficiencies, losses and expenses (including without
limitation amounts paid in settlement, interest, court costs, costs of
investigators, fees and expenses of attorneys, accountants, financial advisors
and other experts, and other expenses of litigation) ("Damages") incurred or
suffered by the Buyer, CygnaCom, or any officer or director thereof resulting
from, relating to or constituting any misrepresentation, breach of warranty or
failure to perform any covenant or agreement of CygnaCom contained in this
Agreement.
(b) Each Stockholder shall severally indemnify the Buyer in respect of, and
hold the Buyer harmless against, any and all Damages incurred or suffered by the
Buyer, CygnaCom, or any officer or director thereof resulting from, relating to
or constituting any misrepresentation, breach of warranty or failure to perform
any covenant or agreement of such Stockholder contained in Article II of this
Agreement.
6.2 Indemnification by the Buyer.
----------------------------
The Buyer shall indemnify each Stockholder in respect of, and hold it
harmless against, any and all Damages incurred or suffered by such Stockholder
resulting from, relating to or constituting any misrepresentation, breach of
warranty or failure to perform any covenant or agreement of the Buyer contained
in this Agreement. In addition, the Buyer shall indemnify each Stockholder in
respect of, and hold it harmless against, any Damages arising from claims by
third parties against such Stockholder resulting from any act or omission of
CygnaCom occurring after Closing, except for any Damages caused by any willful
and/or unauthorized act or omission of any such Stockholder.
6.3 Claims for Indemnification.
--------------------------
(a) A Party entitled to indemnification under this Article VI (an
"Indemnified Party") shall give prompt written notification to the party from
whom indemnification is sought (the "Indemnifying Party") of the commencement of
any action, suit or proceeding relating to a third party claim for which
indemnification pursuant to this Article VI may be sought. Within fifteen (15)
days after delivery of such notification, the Indemnifying Party may, upon
written notice thereof to the Indemnified Party, assume control of the defense
of such action, suit or proceeding with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the
Indemnified Party. If the Indemnifying Party does not assume control of such
defense, the Indemnified Party shall control such defense. The party or parties
not controlling such defense may participate therein at its or their own
expense; provided that if the Indemnifying Party assumes control of such defense
and the Indemnified Party reasonably concludes that the Indemnifying Party and
the Indemnified Party have conflicting interests or different defenses available
with respect to such action, suit or proceeding, the reasonable fees and
expenses of counsel to the Indemnified Party shall be
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considered "Damages" for purposes of this Agreement. The party or parties
controlling such defense shall keep the other party or parties advised of the
status of such action, suit or proceeding and the defense thereof and shall
consider in good faith recommendations made by the other party or parties with
respect thereto. The Indemnified Party shall not agree to any settlement of such
action, suit or proceeding without the prior written consent of the Indemnifying
Party, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Indemnifying Party shall
not agree to any settlement of such action, suit or proceeding without the prior
written consent of the Indemnified Party, which shall not be unreasonably
withheld.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Subsection 6.3(a), if a third party
asserts (other than by means of a lawsuit) that the Buyer or CygnaCom is liable
to it for a monetary or other obligation which may constitute or result in
Damages for which the Buyer may be entitled to indemnification pursuant to this
Article VI, and the Buyer reasonably determines that it has a valid business
reason to fulfill such obligation, then (i) the Buyer shall upon five (5) days
written notice to CygnaCom be entitled to satisfy such obligation, without
consent from the Stockholders or CygnaCom, (ii) the Buyer may make a claim for
indemnification pursuant to this Article VI in accordance with the provisions of
this Section 6.3, and (iii) the Buyer shall be reimbursed, in accordance with
the provisions of this Section 6.3, for any such Damages for which it is
entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article VI (subject to the right of
the Stockholders to dispute, in the manner set forth in this Section 6.3, the
Buyer's entitlement to indemnification or the amount for which it is entitled to
indemnification).
(c) An Indemnified Party wishing to assert a claim for indemnification
under this Article VI shall deliver to the Indemnifying Party a written notice
(a "Claim Notice") which contains (i) a description and the amount (the "Claimed
Amount") of any Damages incurred by the Indemnified Party, (ii) a statement that
the Indemnified Party is entitled to indemnification under this Article VI for
such Damages and a reasonable explanation of the basis therefor, and (iii) a
demand for payment in the amount of such Damages.
(d) Within twenty (20) days after delivery of a Claim Notice, the
Indemnifying Party shall deliver to the Indemnified Party a written response in
which the Indemnifying Party shall either: (i) agree that the Indemnified Party
is entitled to receive all of the Claimed Amount (in which case such response
shall be accompanied by a payment by the Indemnifying Party of the Claimed
Amount, by check or by wire transfer; (ii) agree that the Indemnified Party is
entitled to receive part, but not all, of the Claimed Amount (the "Agreed
Amount") (in which case such response shall be accompanied by a payment by the
Indemnifying Party of the Agreed Amount, by check or by wire transfer; or (iii)
contest that the Indemnified Party is entitled to receive any of the Claimed
Amount. If the Indemnifying Party in such response contests the payment of all
or part of the Claimed Amount, the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party
shall use good faith efforts to resolve such dispute. If such dispute is not
resolved within sixty (60) days following the delivery by the Indemnifying Party
of such response, the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall submit
such dispute to arbitration as set forth below in Section 6.5.
(e) For purposes of this Section 6.3, any references to the Indemnified
Party or the Indemnifying Party (except provisions relating to an obligation to
make or a right to receive any payments provided for in this Article VI) shall,
if the Indemnified Party or the
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Indemnifying Party comprises one or more Stockholders, be deemed to refer to the
Stockholders' Representative. The Stockholders' Representative shall have full
power and authority on behalf of each Stockholder to take any and all actions on
behalf of, execute any and all instruments on behalf of, and execute or waive
any and all rights of, the Stockholders under this Article VI. The Stockholders'
Representative shall have no liability to any Stockholder for any action taken
or omitted on behalf of the Stockholders pursuant to this Article VI. This
Section 6.3 shall survive the Closing.
6.4 Limitations.
-----------
(a) The representations, warranties and covenants of the Stockholders and
the Buyer set forth in this Agreement shall survive the Closing and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and continue until one year
after the Closing Date; provided that (i) the representations and warranties
--------
contained in Sections 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 3.2 shall survive the Closing and
continue without limitation, and (ii) the representations and warranties
contained in Section 3.11 relating to tax matters shall survive the Closing and
continue until the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations relating
to such tax matters. If an Indemnified Party delivers in good faith to an
Indemnifying Party, before expiration of a representation or warranty, either a
Claim Notice based upon a breach of such representation or warranty, or a notice
that, as a result a legal proceeding instituted by or written claim made by a
third party, the Indemnified Party reasonably expects to incur Damages as a
result of a breach of such representation or warranty (an "Expected Claim
Notice"), then such representation or warranty shall survive until, but only for
purposes of, the resolution of the matter covered by such notice. If the legal
proceeding or written claim with respect to which an Expected Claim Notice has
been given is withdrawn or resolved in favor of the Indemnified Party, the
Indemnified Party shall promptly so notify the Indemnifying Party.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, neither the Buyer or
the Indemnifying Stockholders shall be liable under this Article VI unless and
until the aggregate Damages for which they would otherwise be liable exceeds
Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000) (at which point the Buyer or the Indemnifying
Stockholders shall become liable for the aggregate Damages, and not just amounts
in excess of Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000)).
6.5 Arbitration.
-----------
(a) Either the Buyer or the Stockholders' Representative may submit any
matter referred to in Article VI hereof to arbitration by notifying the other
party hereto, in writing, of such dispute. Within ten (10) days after receipt of
such notice, the Buyer and the Stockholders' Representative shall designate in
writing one arbitrator to resolve the dispute; provided, that if the parties
hereto cannot agree on an arbitrator within such 10-day period, the arbitrator
shall be selected by the American Arbitration Association. The arbitrator so
designated shall not be an employee, consultant, officer, director or
stockholder of any party hereto or any Affiliate of any party to this Agreement.
(b) Within fifteen (15) days after the designation of the arbitrator, the
Buyer and the Stockholders' Representative shall meet, at which time the Buyer
and the Stockholders'
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Representative shall be required to set forth in writing all disputed issues and
a proposed ruling on each such issue.
(c) The arbitrator shall set a date for a hearing, which shall be no later
than thirty (30) days after the submission of written proposals pursuant to
paragraph (b) above, to discuss each of the issues identified by the Buyer and
the Stockholders' Representative. Each such party shall have the right to be
represented by counsel. The arbitration shall be governed by the rules of the
American Arbitration Association.
(d) The arbitrator shall use his best efforts to rule on each disputed
issue within thirty (30) days after the completion of the hearings described in
paragraph (c) above. The determination of the arbitrator as to the resolution of
any dispute shall be binding and conclusive upon all parties hereto. All rulings
of the arbitrator shall be in writing and shall be delivered to the parties
hereto.
(e) The prevailing party in any arbitration shall be entitled to an award
of reasonable attorneys' fees incurred in connection with the arbitration. The
non-prevailing party shall pay such fees, together with the fees of the
arbitrator and the costs and expenses of the arbitration.
(f) Any arbitration pursuant to this Section 6.5 shall be conducted in the
Commonwealth of Virginia. Any arbitration award may be entered in and enforced
by any court having jurisdiction thereover and the parties hereby consent and
commit themselves to the jurisdiction of the courts of the Commonwealth of
Virginia and the United States District Court for the Commonwealth of Virginia
for purposes of the enforcement of any arbitration award.
ARTICLE VII
TAX MATTERS
7.1 Preparation and Filing of Tax Returns.
-------------------------------------
(a) The Stockholders shall cause to be prepared and timely filed (at their
expense) all Tax Returns of CygnaCom attributable to any Tax period ending on or
before the Closing Date. Effective on the Closing Date, the Buyer shall assume
CygnaCom's operating tax obligations. The Stockholders shall complete and file a
Tax Return for the period from January 1, 2000 through the Closing Date.
(b) The Buyer shall prepare and timely file or shall cause to be prepared
and timely filed all other Tax Returns with respect to CygnaCom or in respect of
its businesses, assets or operations.
(c) Any Tax Return to be prepared and filed by the Buyer for taxable
periods beginning before the Closing Date shall, to the extent possible under
applicable laws, be prepared on a basis consistent with the last previous
similar Tax Return, and the Buyer shall consult with the Stockholders'
Representative concerning each such Tax Return and report all
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items with respect to the portion of the period ending on the Closing Date in
accordance with the instructions of the Stockholders' Representative to the
extent such reporting is allowable without significant risk of the imposition of
penalties or additions to Tax as determined by the Buyer in consultation with
its Tax advisors. The Buyer shall cause CygnaCom to provide the Stockholders'
Representative with a copy of each such proposed Tax Return (and such additional
information regarding such Tax Return as may reasonably be requested by the
Stockholders' Representative) at least 45 days prior to the filing of such Tax
Return, except that (i) in the case of a Tax Return relating to a monthly
taxable period, the copy shall be provided to the Indemnification
Representatives at least 10 days prior to the filing of such Tax Return and
(ii) in the case of a Tax Return due within 90 days following the Closing Date,
the copy shall be provided to the Indemnification Representatives in such
shorter period of time prior to filing as the Buyer shall reasonably determine
to be practicable.
7.2 Tax Indemnification by the Principal Stockholders.
-------------------------------------------------
(a) The Principal Stockholders shall indemnify the Buyer in respect of, and
hold the Buyer harmless, on an after-Tax basis, against (x) Damages resulting
from, relating to, or constituting a breach of any representation contained in
Section 3.12 hereof, (y) the failure to perform any covenant or agreement set
forth in this Article VII and (z), without duplication, the following Taxes with
respect to CygnaCom.
(i) Any and all Taxes due and payable by CygnaCom for any taxable
period that ends (or is deemed pursuant to Section 7.3(b) to end) on or before
the Closing Date;
(ii) Any liability for Taxes of other entities whether pursuant to
Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or comparable or similar provision under
state, local or foreign law), as transferee or successor, pursuant to any
contractual obligation, or otherwise for any period that ends (or is deemed
pursuant to Section 7.3(b) to end) on or before the Closing Date; and
(iii) Any sales, use, transfer, stamp, conveyance, value added,
recording, registration, documentary, filing or other similar Taxes and fees,
whether levied on the Buyer, the Stockholders, CygnaCom, or any of their
respective Affiliates, resulting from the Acquisition or otherwise on account of
this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
(b) Amounts payable pursuant to this Section 7.2 shall be computed after
taking into account all Tax consequences to the Buyer (or its Affiliates) of (i)
the receipt of (or the right to receive) the indemnification payment and (ii)
the incurrence of the liability that gave rise to the right to receive the
indemnification payment. Thus, it is the intention of the Parties that the Buyer
be held harmless with respect to the liability that gave rise to the right to
the indemnification payment on an after-Tax basis.
(c) All claims for indemnification pursuant to this Article VII shall be
made in accordance with Section 6.3 hereof and shall be subject to the
provisions of Section 6.4 hereof.
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7.3 Allocation of Certain Taxes.
---------------------------
(a) The Buyer and the Stockholders agree that if CygnaCom is permitted but
not required under applicable foreign, state or local Tax laws to treat the
Closing Date as the last day of a taxable period, the Buyer and the Stockholders
shall treat such day as the last day of a taxable period.
(b) Any Taxes for a taxable period beginning before the Closing Date and
ending after the Closing Date with respect to CygnaCom shall be apportioned for
purposes of Section 7.2 between the portion of the period ending on the Closing
Date and the portion of the period commencing on the day immediately following
the Closing Date based on the actual operations of CygnaCom during such portions
of the periods, and each such portion of such period shall be deemed to be a
taxable period (whether or not it is in fact a taxable period).
7.4 Cooperation on Tax Matters.
--------------------------
(a) The Buyer and the Stockholders and their respective Affiliates shall
cooperate in the preparation of all Tax Returns for any Tax periods for which
one party could reasonably require the assistance of the other party in
obtaining any necessary information. Such cooperation shall include, but not be
limited to, furnishing prior years' Tax Returns or return preparation packages
illustrating previous reporting practices or containing historical information
relevant to the preparation of such Tax Returns, and furnishing such other
information within such party's possession requested by the party filing such
Tax Returns as is relevant to their preparation. Such cooperation and
information also shall include without limitation providing powers of attorney
for the purpose of signing Tax Returns and defending audits forwarding copies of
appropriate notices and forms or other communications received from or sent to
any taxing authority which relate to CygnaCom, and providing copies of all
relevant Tax Returns, together with accompanying schedules and related
workpapers, documents relating to rulings or other determinations by any taxing
authority and records concerning the ownership and tax basis of property, which
the requested party may possess. The Buyer and CygnaCom and their respective
Affiliates shall make their respective employees and facilities available on a
mutually convenient basis to provide explanation of any documents or information
provided hereunder.
(b) For a period of ten (10) years after the Closing Date or such longer
period as may be required by law, the Buyer shall, and shall cause CygnaCom to,
retain and not destroy or dispose of all Tax Returns (including supporting
materials), books and records (including computer files) of, or with respect to
the activities or Taxes of, CygnaCom for all taxable periods ending (or deemed,
pursuant to Section 7.3(b), to end) on or prior to the Closing Date to the
extent the Buyer or CygnaCom received or had possession of such records on the
Closing Date.
(c) For a period of ten (10) years after the Closing Date or such longer
period as may be required by law, the CygnaCom (or its Affiliates) shall retain
and not destroy or dispose of all Tax Returns (including supporting materials),
books and records (including computer files) of, or with respect to the
activities or Taxes of, CygnaCom for all taxable periods ending (or deemed,
pursuant to Section 7.3, to end) on or prior to the Closing Date to the extent
the CygnaCom did not deliver such records to the Buyer or CygnaCom.
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(d) If the Buyer or CygnaCom (as the case may be) on the one hand, or
Stockholders on the other, fails to provide any information requested by the
other party in the time specified herein, or if no time is specified pursuant to
this Section 7.4, within a reasonable period, or otherwise fails to do any act
required of it under this Section 7.4, then the party failing to so provide the
information or do such act shall be obligated, notwithstanding any other
provision of this Agreement, to indemnify the party requesting the information
or act and shall so indemnify the requesting party and hold such party harmless
from and against any and all costs, claims or damages, including, without
limitation, all Taxes or deficiencies thereof, payable as a result of such
failure. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the party that failed to deliver the
information or do the act requested, shall in no event be obligated to make any
payments pursuant to this Section 7.4(d) or otherwise be liable, if such party
used all reasonable commercial efforts to provide the requested information or
perform the requested act.
7.5 Tax Covenants.
-------------
(a) Each Stockholder will join with the Buyer in making Section 338(h)(10)
Elections with respect to CygnaCom, it being understood that the making of any
Section 338(h)(10) Election shall be at the sole discretion of the Buyer. The
Buyer and the Stockholders shall cooperate fully with each other in the making
of such Section 338(h)(10) Elections. In particular, and not by way of
limitations, in order to effect such Section 338(h)(10) Elections, the Buyer and
each of the Stockholders shall, with respect to CygnaCom, jointly execute
Internal Revenue Service Form 8023 and all attachments required to be filed
therewith pursuant to applicable Treasury Regulations (the "Attachments").
No later than 75 days before the last day prescribed for filing the Section
338(h)(10) Elections, each of the Stockholders shall prepare and submit to the
Buyer the Forms 8023 and the Attachment to Form 8023 for the Buyer's approval.
The Buyer and the Stockholders shall use their best good faith efforts to agree
on the Forms 8023 and the Attachments.
(b) The Buyer and each of the Stockholders agree to report the transaction
for tax purposes in manner consistent with the making of the 338(h)(10)
Elections and with the Forms 8023 and the Attachments in each of their
respective income Tax Returns. If the Buyer elects, each of the Stockholders
agrees to join, in accordance with the foregoing procedures, in any similar
election under the law of any state in which CygnaCom now files an income Tax
Return or is included in a consolidated, combined or unitary state income Tax
Return.
(c) No new elections with respect to Taxes, or any changes in current
elections with respect to Taxes, affecting CygnaCom and which will bind them
after the Section 338(h)(10) Elections, shall be made after the date of this
Agreement without the prior written consent of the Buyer.
(d) Before the Closing, each Stockholder shall furnish the Buyer an
affidavit, stating, under penalty of perjury, the transferor's United States
taxpayer identification number and that the transferor is not a foreign person
pursuant to Section 1445(b)(2) of the Code.
(e) To the extent the ordinary income allocation to the Stockholders on the
transaction exceeds Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000), the Buyer will, after
Closing, gross up and make payment to each of the Stockholders the difference
between the Tax rates of ordinary
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income versus capital gains applicable to each of the Stockholders for federal
and state income Tax purposes. Without limiting the foregoing, it is intended
that the above payment to be made to each of the Stockholders shall be made on
an after-Tax basis.
ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
8.1 Prior Agreements.
----------------
Each of the Stockholders and CygnaCom hereby grant any consents, waivers or
approvals with respect to the consummation of the transactions covered hereby
which may be required under any agreement or instrument to which the
Stockholders or CygnaCom may be a party (including without limitation waivers of
restrictions on transfer of the CygnaCom Shares or waivers of purchase rights
with respect to the CygnaCom Shares). Each of the Stockholders acknowledges
that, effective as of the Closing, he or it has no right or claim regarding the
receipt of any additional capital stock of CygnaCom.
8.2 No Third Party Beneficiaries.
----------------------------
This Agreement shall not confer any rights or remedies upon any person
other than the Parties and their respective successors and permitted assigns.
8.3 Entire Agreement.
----------------
This Agreement (including the documents referred to herein) constitutes the
entire agreement among the Parties and supersedes any prior understandings,
agreements, or representations among the Parties, written or oral, that may have
related in any way to the subject matter hereof.
8.4 Succession and Assignment.
-------------------------
This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the
Parties named herein and their respective successors and permitted assigns. No
Party may assign either this Agreement or any of its rights, interests, or
obligations hereunder without the prior written approval of the other Parties.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Buyer may assign its rights and obligations
hereunder to a subsidiary of the Buyer, provided that the Buyer also remains
liable for the discharge of such obligations.
8.5 Counterparts.
------------
This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which
shall be deemed an original but all of which together shall constitute one and
the same instrument.
8.6 Headings.
--------
The section headings contained in this Agreement are inserted for
convenience only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation
of this Agreement.
8.7 Notices.
-------
All notices, requests, demands, claims, and other communications hereunder
shall be in writing. Any notice, request, demand, claim, or other communication
hereunder shall be deemed duly delivered two business days after it is sent by
registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or one
business day after it is sent via
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a reputable nationwide overnight courier service, in each case to the intended
recipient as set forth below:
If to CygnaCom or to the Stockholders of CygnaCom:
-------------------------------------------------
c/o Santosh Chokhani, Ph.D.
President
CygnaCom Solutions, Inc.
7927 Jones Brand Drive
Suite 100, West
McLean, VA 22102
Telecopy: (703) 848-0960
With a copy to:
--------------
Joseph B. Whitebread, Esq.
Wilkes, Artis, Hedrick & Lane, Chartered
166 K Street, N.W., Suite 3000
Washington, DC 20006-2897
Telecopy: (202) 457-7814
If to the Buyer:
---------------
James D. Kendry, Esq.
Entrust Technologies Inc.
One Preston Park South
4975 Preston Park Blvd., Suite 400
Plano, TX 75093
Telecopy: (972) 943-7305
With a copy to:
--------------
James R. Burke, Esq.
Hale and Dorr LLP
60 State Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02109
Telecopy: (617) 526-5000
Any Party may give any notice, request, demand, claim, or other communication
hereunder using any other means (including personal delivery, expedited courier,
messenger service, telecopy, telex, ordinary mail or electronic mail), but no
such notice, request, demand, claim or other communication shall be deemed to
have been duly given unless and until it actually is received by the party for
whom it is intended. Any Party may change the address to which notices,
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requests, demands, claims, and other communications hereunder are to be
delivered by giving the other Parties notice in the manner herein set forth.
8.8 Governing Law.
-------------
This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the
internal laws (and not the law of conflicts) of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
8.9 Amendments and Waivers.
----------------------
No amendment of any provision of this Agreement, or waiver or consent given
hereunder, shall be valid unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the
Parties. No waiver by any Party of any default, misrepresentation, or breach of
warranty or covenant hereunder, whether intentional or not, shall be deemed to
extend to any prior or subsequent default, misrepresentation, or breach of
warranty or covenant hereunder or affect in any way any rights arising by virtue
of any prior or subsequent such occurrence.
8.10 Severability.
------------
Any term or provision of this Agreement that is invalid or unenforceable in
any situation in any jurisdiction shall not affect the validity or
enforceability of the remaining terms and provisions hereof or the validity or
enforceability of the offending term or provision in any other situation or in
any other jurisdiction. If the final judgment of a court of competent
jurisdiction declares that any term or provision hereof is invalid or
unenforceable, the Parties agree that the court making the determination of
invalidity or unenforceability shall have the power to reduce the scope,
duration, or area of the term or provision, to delete specific words or phrases,
or to replace any invalid or unenforceable term or provision with a term or
provision that is valid and enforceable and that comes closest to expressing the
intention of the invalid or unenforceable term or provision, and this Agreement
shall be enforceable as so modified after the expiration of the time within
which the judgment may be appealed.
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of
the date first above written.
ENTRUST TECHNOLOGIES INC.
By: /s/ John A. Ryan
----------------------------------------
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
-------------------------------------
CYGNACOM SOLUTIONS, INC.
By: /s/ Santosh Chokhani
----------------------------------------
Title: President
-------------------------------------
STOCKHOLDERS:
/s/ Santosh Chokhani
---------------------------------------------
Santosh Chokhani
/s/ Isadore Schoen
---------------------------------------------
Isadore Schoen
/s/ Sarbari Gupta
---------------------------------------------
Sarbari Gupta
/s/ Sadegh Kavoussi
---------------------------------------------
Sadegh Kavoussi
/s/ Peter Hesse
---------------------------------------------
Peter Hesse
/s/ Scott Shorter
---------------------------------------------
Scott Shorter
<PAGE>
/s/ Mike Boberski
---------------------------------------------
Mike Boberski
/s/ Johnny Hsiung
---------------------------------------------
Johnny Hsiung
/s/ Christine Miller
---------------------------------------------
Christine Miller
/s/ William Taris
---------------------------------------------
William Taris
/s/ Kristina Rogers
---------------------------------------------
Kristina Rogers
/s/ Mark Whitaker
---------------------------------------------
Mark Whitaker
/s/ Edward Morris
---------------------------------------------
Edward Morris
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<PAGE>
Exhibit 99
Wednesday March 15, 8:18 Eastern Time
Company Press Release
Entrust Technologies Acquires
CygnaCom Solutions
PLANO, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)--March 14, 2000--ENTRUST(NASDAQ:ENTU - news)
Acquisition of Government Sector Computing Security Provider
Strengthens Entrust's Expertise in the World's Largest IT Market
Entrust Technologies Inc. (NASDAQ:ENTU - news), the global leader in solutions
that bring trust to e-business, today announced the acquisition of CygnaCom
Solutions for $16 million in cash. This acquisition of CygnaCom provides
Entrust Technologies with a significant base of 50 highly skilled computer
security and PKI consultants, focused on one of the world's largest IT markets;
the U.S. Federal Government. CygnaCom Solutions specializes in Public-Key
Infrastructure (PKI) information security consulting for the U.S. Federal
government and provides cost effective security evaluation and testing
laboratories.
In addition to increasing Entrust's Federal Government service resources,
CygnaCom Solutions provides a solid platform to address expanded local and state
government initiatives as well as commercial initiatives. Continuing operations
as a division of Entrust Technologies, the current CygnaCom Solutions president
and industry expert, Santosh Chokhani, will remain as vice-president and general
manager, reporting to Hans Downer, senior vice-president of global professional
services at Entrust. CygnaCom will become CygnaCom Solutions - An Entrust
Technologies Company.
"The leadership of Santosh Chokhani and his CygnaCom team's in-depth
understanding of the requirements, policies, and procedures associated with the
U.S. Federal Government information technologies procurement is strongly
complementary to Entrust Technologies' business focus and knowledge of the
unique needs of the government computing sector," said Entrust CEO John Ryan.
"CygnaCom provides an additional base of professionals who understand Entrust
products and services. We have worked closely with CygnaCom in the past, and
appreciate the capabilities they immediately provide for our Federal accounts,
and the potential for our commercial accounts."
The acquisition of CygnaCom Solutions builds upon Entrust's collaboration
earlier this week with IBM Global Services to provide trusted e-business
transactions to customers in more than 160 countries. These two developments
further solidify Entrust's market-leading position in delivering independently
validated, award-winning PKI solutions to business and government customers,
both independently, and through leading professional services organizations
worldwide.
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CygnaCom is an industry expert in providing security to Federal government
entities. The company was recognized by Vice President Gore's Hammer Award in
March 1999 for the successful implementation of the FTS2001 electronic bid
process that provided paperless solutions for vendors to submit complex
proposals electronically, saving taxpayers approximately $1.5 million and 52,000
staff hours. Coupled with the opening of an Entrust Technologies services office
in the Washington, D.C. beltway area, the acquisition of CygnaCom highlights the
increased focus of Entrust Technologies on providing security solutions and
services for the government sector.
"Entrust and CygnaCom share an uncommon understanding of the singular risks
that government agencies incur as they pursue their mandates and objectives,"
said Santosh Chokhani of CygnaCom.
"As a part of Entrust Technologies, CygnaCom will continue to provide the
highest caliber solutions and services to our customers and lend our distinct
expertise to the Entrust network of consultants, building on Entrust's existing
strength in this marketplace.
We are excited to now be an Entrust Technologies company."
About CygnaCom Solutions
CygnaCom Solutions is a high technology firm that delivers state-of-the-art
information technology products and services. CygnaCom has expertise in PKI,
cryptographic technologies, security engineering, systems integration and
development, the FIPS 140-1 Standard, the Trusted Computer Systems Evaluation
Criteria (TCSEC) and the Common Criteria (CC). CygnaCom delivers a full spectrum
of consultant, engineering and integration services to enable customers to
implement enterprise integrated security solutions. Learn more about CygnaCom
Solutions by connecting to its home page at http://www.cygnacom.com
About Entrust Technologies
Entrust Technologies Inc. is the global leader in providing products and
services that allow e-businesses to manage trusted, secure electronic
transactions and communications over today's advanced networks, including the
Internet, extranets and intranets. Since 1994, Entrust Technologies has been
providing award-winning solutions to global enterprises, government entities,
small to mid-sized businesses and individuals.
Over four million Entrust Technologies users have been licensed with digital
certificates to date. Entrust Technologies Inc. is headquartered in Plano, Texas
with offices in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland,
Germany and Japan. For additional company information please visit
www.entrust.com.
Entrust is a registered trademark of Entrust Technologies Inc. in the United
States and certain other countries. In Canada, Entrust is a registered
trademark of Entrust Technologies Limited. All Entrust product names are
trademarks of Entrust Technologies. All other company and product names are
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Contact:
Entrust Technologies, Plano
Carrie Bendzsa, 613/247-3455
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.entrust.com
or
Fleishman-Hillard
Thomas Morelli, 415/348-2609
E-mail: [email protected]
