<PAGE>
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 18, 2000
Registration No. 333-94651
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
---------------
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
---------------
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
California 7379 94-3226488
(Primary standard (I.R.S. employer
(State or other industrial identification no.)
jurisdiction of classification code
incorporation or number)
organization)
Keynote Systems, Inc.
2855 Campus Drive
San Mateo, CA 94403
(650) 522-1000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
Registrant's principal executive offices)
John Flavio
Chief Financial Officer
Keynote Systems, Inc.
2855 Campus Drive
San Mateo, CA 94403
(650) 522-1000
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of agent for service)
---------------
Copies to:
Matthew P. Quilter, Esq. Curtis L. Mo, Esq.
Jeffrey R. Vetter, Esq. Michael C. Doran, Esq.
Scott J. Leichtner, Esq. Alexander C. Chen, Esq.
Cynthia E. Garabedian, Esq. BROBECK, PHLEGER & HARRISON LLP
FENWICK & WEST LLP Two Embarcadero Place
Two Palo Alto Square 2200 Geng Road
Palo Alto, California 94306 Palo Alto, California 94303
(650) 494-0600 (650) 424-0160
---------------
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as
practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box. [_]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and
list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d)
under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [X] Registration No. 333-94651
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [_]
---------------
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Title of Each Class of Proposed Maximum Proposed Maximum Amount of
Securities to Amount to be Offering Price Aggregate Offering Registration
be Registered Registered Per Share(1) Price(1) Fee
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock, $0.001 par
value................. 6,325,000(2) $99.50 $629,337,500 $166,146(3)
- - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
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(1) Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the amount of the
registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933
and based on the average of the high and low trading prices on the Nasdaq
National Market on February 16, 2000.
(2) Includes 825,000 shares subject to the underwriters' over-allotment
option.
(3) Previously paid by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 457(c) under the
Securities Act.
---------------
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or
dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant
shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this
Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with
Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement
shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said
Section 8(a), may determine.
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<PAGE>
EXPLANATORY NOTE
The purpose of this Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 is to file Exhibit 1.01
to the Registraiton Statement as set forth below in Item 16(a) of Part II.
<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses Of Issuance And Distribution
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses to be paid by the
Registrant in connection with the sale of the shares of common stock being
registered hereby. All amounts are estimates except for the Securities and
Exchange Commission registration fee, the NASD filing fee and the Nasdaq
National Market filing fee.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee................ $166,146
NASD filing fee.................................................... 30,500
Nasdaq National Market filing fee.................................. 17,500
Accounting fees and expenses....................................... 150,000
Legal fees and expenses............................................ 150,000
Road show expenses................................................. 30,000
Printing and engraving expenses.................................... 125,000
Blue sky fees and expenses......................................... 5,000
Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses..................... 15,000
Miscellaneous...................................................... 10,854
--------
Total............................................................ $700,000
========
</TABLE>
Item 14. Indemnification Of Directors And Officers
Section 317 of the California Corporations Code authorizes a court to
award, or a corporation's board of directors to grant, indemnity to directors
and officers in terms sufficiently broad to permit such indemnification under
certain circumstances for liabilities (including reimbursement for expenses
incurred) arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
"Securities Act").
As permitted by the California Corporations Code, the Registrant's
Articles of Incorporation includes a provision that eliminates the personal
liability of its directors for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty
as a director, except for liability:
.for any breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Registrant or its
shareholders;
. for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
. for any transaction from which the director derived an improper
personal benefit;
. for acts or omissions that a director believes to be contrary to the
best interests of the Registrant or its shareholders or that involve
the absence of good faith on the part of the director;
. for acts or omissions that show a reckless disregard for the director's
duty to the Registrant or its shareholders in circumstances in which
the director was aware, or should have been aware, in the ordinary
course of performing a director's duties, of a risk of a serious injury
to the Registrant or its shareholders;
. under Section 310 of the California Corporations Code regarding
contracts in which a director has a material financial interest; or
. under Section 316 of the California Code regarding improper dividends,
loans and guarantees.
As permitted by the California Corporations Code, the Registrant's Bylaws
provide that:
. the Registrant is required to indemnify its directors, officers and
employees to the fullest extent permitted by the California
Corporations Code, subject to certain very limited exceptions;
II-1
<PAGE>
. the Registrant is required to advance expenses, as incurred, to its
directors, officers and employees in connection with a legal proceeding
to the fullest extent permitted by the California Corporations Code,
subject to certain very limited exceptions;
. the Registrant may enter into agreements with any of its directors,
officers, employees or agents that provides for indemnification of
expenses incurred to the fullest extent permitted by the Registrant's
Articles of Incorporation and California law; and
. the rights conferred in the Bylaws are not exclusive.
The Registrant has entered into Indemnification Agreements with each of
its current directors and officers to give such directors and officers
additional contractual assurances regarding the scope of the indemnification
set forth in the Registrant's Articles of Incorporation and to provide
additional procedural protections in the event of litigation. At present,
there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving a director, officer or
employee of the Registrant regarding which indemnification is sought, nor is
the Registrant aware of any threatened litigation that may result in claims
for indemnification.
Reference is also made to Section 7 of the Underwriting Agreement, which
provides for the indemnification of officers, directors and controlling
persons of the Registrant against certain liabilities. The indemnification
provision in the Registrant's Articles of Incorporation, Bylaws and the
Indemnity Agreements entered into between the Registrant and each of its
directors and officers may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of
the Registrant's directors and officers for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act.
The Registrant maintains directors' and officers' liability insurance and
has obtained a rider to such coverage for securities matters.
See also the undertakings set out in response to Item 17.
Reference is made to the following documents filed as exhibits to this
Registration Statement regarding relevant indemnification provisions described
above and elsewhere herein:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exhibit Document Number
---------------- ------
<S> <C>
Underwriting Agreement (dated February 17, 2000).................... 1.01
Registrant's Articles of Incorporation.............................. 3.02
Registrant's Bylaws................................................. 3.03
Third Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement dated April
26, 1999.......................................................... 4.02
Form of Indemnity Agreement......................................... 10.01
</TABLE>
Item 15. Recent Sales Of Unregistered Securities
Since inception we have issued and sold the following securities:
1. Through September 30, 1999, we granted direct issuances or stock
options to purchase 11,803,930 shares of our common stock at exercise
prices ranging from $0.025 to $11.00 per share to our employees,
consultants, directors and other service providers under our 1996 Stock
Option Plan and our 1999 Stock Option Plan.
2. Through June 30, 1999, we issued and sold an aggregate of
12,119,539 shares of our common stock to employees, consultants,
directors, other service providers and VeriSign, Inc. at prices ranging
from $0.025 to $4.00 per share under direct issuances or exercises of
options granted under our 1996 Stock Option Plan and our 1999 Stock Option
Plan. All sales of common stock made pursuant to the exercise of stock
options were made in reliance on Rule 701 under the Securities Act and/or
on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
3. In May and June 1996, we issued and sold an aggregate of 6,078,444
shares of our Series A preferred stock to private investors for an
aggregate purchase price of approximately $1,276,473. This
II-2
<PAGE>
sale of common stock was made in reliance on Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506
of Regulation D under the Securities Act.
4. On January 21, 1997, in connection with a bridge loan that
converted into Series B preferred stock, we issued warrants to purchase
shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.025 per share as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Shares
Name Subject to Warrant
---- ------------------
<S> <C>
Applewood Partners..................................... 110,920
Gerald S. Casilli...................................... 15,379
Gerald A. Casilli Trust................................ 1,538
Michelle A. Casilli Trust.............................. 1,538
Casilli '95 Unitrust................................... 7,177
David E. Kratter....................................... 7,308
Matthew R. Kratter..................................... 1,476
Mark E. Kratter........................................ 1,476
Irwin Lieber........................................... 25,632
Magnuson Revocable Trust Dated January 14, 1994........ 7,308
Glenn E. Penisten...................................... 7,308
Eugene Shklar.......................................... 140,000
Samuel Urcis........................................... 7,308
Woodland Partners...................................... 25,632
</TABLE>
On July 3, 1997, Eugene Shklar exercised the warrant held by him,
described above. On May 18, 1999 the Magnuson Revocable Trust dated
January 14, 1994, exercised the warrant held by it, described above. In
September 1999, each of the other holders of warrants exercised the
warrant held by it, described above.
5. On April 11, 1997, in connection with an equipment lease, we issued
a warrant to Western Technology Investment, Inc., an equipment lessor, to
purchase 65,454 shares of our Series B preferred stock and a warrant to
Robert A. Kingsbrook to purchase 7,273 shares of our Series B preferred
stock, each at an exercise price of $0.55 per share. In November 1999,
Western Technology Investment exercised the warrants held by it.
6. In July 1997, we issued and sold an aggregate of 4,666,841 shares
of our Series B preferred stock to private investors for an aggregate
purchase price of approximately $2,566,763. This sale of common stock was
made in reliance on Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D under the
Securities Act.
7. On December 9, 1997, we issued a warrant to Umang Gupta to purchase
500,000 shares of Series C preferred stock at an exercise price of $0.65
per share. In September 1999, this warrant was exercised.
8. On December 23, 1997, in connection with an equipment lease, we
issued two warrants to Western Technology Investment, Inc., an equipment
lessor, to purchase an aggregate of 65,454 shares of our Series B
preferred stock, and a warrant to Robert A. Kingsbrook to purchase 7,273
shares of our Series B preferred stock, each at an exercise price of $0.55
per share. In November 1999, Western Technology Investment exercised the
warrants held by it.
9. In March 1998, we issued and sold an aggregate of 7,262,238 shares
of our Series C preferred stock to private investors for an aggregate
purchase price of $4,720,455. This sale of common stock was made in
reliance on Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D under the
Securities Act.
10. On June 24, 1998, in connection with an equipment lease, we issued
two warrants to Western Technology Investment, Inc., an equipment lessor,
to purchase an aggregate of 67,692 shares of our Series C preferred stock
at an exercise price of $0.65 per share. In November 1999, these warrants
were exercised.
11. On August 21, 1998, in connection with an equipment lease, we
issued a warrant to Comdisco, Inc., an equipment lessor, to purchase
30,769 shares of our Series C preferred stock at an exercise price of
$0.65 per share.
II-3
<PAGE>
12. On September 30, 1998, in connection with an equipment lease, we
issued a warrant to Comdisco, Inc., an equipment lessor, to purchase
277,777 shares of our Series C preferred stock at an exercise price of
$0.90 per share.
13. In April and May 1999, we issued and sold an aggregate of
6,734,545 shares of Series D preferred stock to private investors for an
aggregate purchase price of $14,883,334. This sale of common stock was
made in reliance on Section 4(2) and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D under the
Securities Act.
Immediately prior to the closing of Registrant's initial public offering,
it effected a one for two reverse split of its common stock. Upon the
completion of that offering, each outstanding share of Series A preferred
stock, Series B preferred stock and Series D preferred stock was converted into
0.50 shares of common stock and each outstanding share of Series C preferred
stock was converted into 0.53 shares of common stock.
Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following exhibits are filed herewith:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number Exhibit Title
------ -------------
<C> <S>
1.01 Underwriting Agreement (dated February 17, 2000).
3.02(/1/) Registrant's Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation.
3.03(/1/) Registrant's Amended and Restated Bylaws.
3.04* Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Keynote
Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
3.05(/3/) Bylaws of Keynote Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation.
4.01(/1/) Form of Specimen Certificate for Registrant's common stock.
4.02(/1/) Third Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement, dated as of
April 26, 1999.
5.01* Opinion of Fenwick & West LLP regarding legality of the securities
being registered.
10.01(/1/) Form of Indemnity Agreement between Registrant and each of its
directors and executive officers.
10.01A* Form of Indemnity Agreement between Keynote Systems, Inc., a
Delaware corporation, and each of its directors and executive
officers.
10.02(/1/) 1996 Stock Option Plan.
10.03(/1/) 1999 Stock Option Plan.
10.04(/1/) 1999 Equity Incentive Plan and related forms of stock option
agreement and stock option exercise agreement.
10.05(/1/) 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and related forms of enrollment
form, subscription agreement, notice of withdrawal and notice of
suspension.
10.06(/1/) 401(k) Plan.
10.07(/1/) Memorandum of Understanding between Registrant and VeriSign, Inc.
dated as of February 17, 1999.
10.08(/1/) Employment Agreement dated as of December 9, 1997 between
Registrant and Umang Gupta.
10.09(/1/) Form of Loan Agreement between the Registrant and Umang Gupta,
dated as of June 28, 1999.
10.10(/1/) Loan and Security Agreement between the Registrant and Lloyd
Taylor, dated as of January , 1999.
10.11(/1/) Loan and Pledge Agreement between the Registrant and Lloyd Taylor,
dated as of January 15, 1999.
10.12(/1/) Warrant to purchase 500,000 shares of Series C preferred stock of
Registrant issued to Umang Gupta.
10.13(/1/) Warrant to purchase 110,000 shares of common stock of Registrant
held by Applewood Associates, L.P.
10.14(/1/) Warrant to purchase 25,632 shares of common stock of Registrant
held by Irwin Lieber.
</TABLE>
II-4
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number Exhibit Title
------ -------------
<C> <S>
10.15(/1/) Warrant to purchase 25,632 shares of common stock of Registrant
held by Woodland Partners, L.P.
10.16(/1/) Office sublease between Registrant and Electronics for Imaging,
Inc., dated as of February 23, 1999.
10.17(/1/) Warrant to purchase 15,379 shares of common stock of Registrant
held by Gerald S. Casilli.
10.18(/1/) Warrant to purchase 1,538 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by Gerald A. Casilli Trust.
10.19(/1/) Warrant to purchase 1,538 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by Michelle A. Casilli Trust.
10.20(/1/) Warrant to purchase 7,177 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by Casilli '95 Unitrust.
10.21(/1/) Warrant to purchase 7,308 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by David E. Kratter.
10.22(/1/) Warrant to purchase 1,476 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by Matthew R. Kratter.
10.23(/1/) Warrant to purchase 1,476 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by Mark E. Kratter.
10.24(/1/) Warrant to purchase 7,308 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by Glenn E. Penisten.
10.25(/1/) Warrant to purchase 7,308 shares of common stock of Registrant held
by Samuel Urcis.
10.26(/1/) Warrant to purchase 65,454 shares of Series B preferred stock of
Registrant held by Western Technologies Investments, Inc. (formerly
known as Venture Lending and Leasing, Inc.).
10.27(/1/) Warrant to purchase 7,273 shares of Series B preferred stock of
Registrant held by Robert A. Kingsbrook.
10.28(/1/) Warrant to purchase 19,636 shares of Series B preferred stock held
by Western Technology Investment, Inc. (formerly known as Venture
Lending and Leasing, Inc.)
10.29(/1/) Warrant to purchase 45,818 shares of Series B preferred stock of
Registrant held by Western Technology Investment, Inc. (formerly
known as Venture Lending and Leasing II, Inc.).
10.30(/1/) Warrant to purchase 7,273 shares of Series B preferred stock of
Registrant held by Robert A. Kingsbrook.
10.31(/1/) Warrant to purchase 20,308 shares of Series C preferred stock held
by Western Technology Investment, Inc. (formerly known as Venture
Lending and Leasing, Inc.).
10.32(/1/) Warrant to purchase 47,384 shares of Series C preferred stock of
Registrant held by Western Technology Investment, Inc. (formerly
known as Venture Lending and Leasing II, Inc.).
10.33(/1/) Warrant to purchase 30,769 shares of Series C preferred stock of
Registrant held by Comdisco, Inc.
10.34(/1/) Warrant to purchase 277,777 shares of Series C preferred stock of
Registrant held by Comdisco, Inc.
16.01(/1/) Letters from Arthur Andersen LLP, dated as of July 9, 1999 and
September 9, 1999, regarding change in certifying accountant.
21.01* Subsidiaries of Registrant.
23.01* Consent of Fenwick & West LLP (included in Exhibit 5.01).
23.02* Consent of KPMG LLP, independent accountants, and Report on
Financial Statement Schedule.
27.01(/2/) Financial Data Schedule.
99.01(/3/) Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A.
</TABLE>
- - --------
*Previously filed.
(1) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of the same number to Registrant's
registration statement on Form S-1, declared effective by the Securities
and Exchange Commission on September 24, 1999 (File No. 333-82781).
(2) Incorporated by reference to exhibits of the same number to Registrant's
annual report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on December 21, 1999.
(3) Incorporated by reference to Registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement on
Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January
19, 2000.
(b) Financial statement schedules:
The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this
registration statement and should be read together with our financial
statements:
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Report on Financial Statement Schedule--See Exhibit 23.02
II-5
<PAGE>
Item 17. Undertakings
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the
Registrant pursuant to the provisions described under Item 14 above, or
otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the
Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In
the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than
the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director,
officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of
any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or
controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the
Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been
settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction
the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication
of such issue.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of
this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a
form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or
(4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus
shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the
securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that
time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-6
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant has duly
caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Mateo, State of
California, on this 18th day of February, 2000.
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS, INC.
/s/ Umang Gupta
By: _________________________________
Umang Gupta
Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration
Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the
date indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Principal Executive Officer:
/s/ Umang Gupta Chairman of the Board, February 18, 2000
______________________________________ Chief Executive Officer
Umang Gupta and Director
Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer:
/s/ John Flavio Vice President of Finance, February 18, 2000
______________________________________ Chief Financial Officer
John Flavio and Secretary
Additional Directors:
* Director February 18, 2000
______________________________________
Eugene Shklar
* Director February 18, 2000
______________________________________
David Cowan
* Director February 18, 2000
______________________________________
Mark Leslie
* Director February 18, 2000
______________________________________
Stratton Sclavos
</TABLE>
/s/ John Flavio Attorney-in-Fact February 18,
*By:_____________________________ 2000
John Flavio
II-7
<PAGE>
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS, INC.
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Balance Balance
at Additions at End
Beginning Charged to Write- of
Classification of Period Operations offs Period
-------------- --------- ---------- --------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Allowance for doubtful accounts year
ended:
September 30, 1997.................. $ -- $ 12,000 $ (2,000) $ 10,000
September 30, 1998.................. $10,000 $164,000 $(152,000) $ 22,000
September 30, 1999.................. $22,000 $301,000 $ (68,000) $255,000
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number Exhibit Title
------ -------------
<C> <S>
1.01 Underwriting Agreement (dated February 17, 2000).
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Underwriting Agreement
February 17, 2000
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc.
Chase Securities Inc.
Dain Rauscher Incorporated
SoundView Technology Group, Inc.
As Representatives of the several Underwriters
c/o FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc.
555 California Street, Suite 2600
San Francisco, CA 94104
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Introductory. Keynote Systems, Inc., a California corporation
(the "Company"), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in
Schedule A (the "Underwriters") an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of its Common
- - ----------
Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Common Shares"); and the shareholders of
the Company identified in Schedule B as "Principal Selling Shareholders" (the
----------
"Principal Selling Shareholders") and the shareholders of the Company identified
in Schedule B as "Other Selling Shareholders" (the "Other Selling Shareholders"
----------
and, collectively, together with the Principal Selling Shareholders, the
"Selling Shareholders") propose to sell to the Underwriters an aggregate of
3,750,000 Common Shares. The 2,000,000 Common Shares to be sold by the Company
and the 3,750,000 Common Shares to be sold by the Selling Shareholders are
collectively called the "Firm Shares". In addition, the Company has granted to
the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional 862,500 Common Shares
(the "Option Shares"), as provided in Section 2. The Firm Shares and, if and to
the extent such option is exercised, the Option Shares, are collectively called
the "Shares". FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc., Chase Securities Inc., Dain
Rauscher Incorporated, and SoundView Technology Group, Inc. have agreed to act
as representatives of the several Underwriters (in such capacity, the
"Representatives") in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares.
The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a registration statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-94651), which contains a form of prospectus, subject to
completion, to be used in connection with the public offering and sale of the
Shares. Each such prospectus, subject to completion, used in connection with
such public offering is called a "preliminary prospectus." Such registration
statement, as amended, including the financial statements, exhibits and
schedules thereto, in the form in which it was declared effective by the
Commission under the Securities Act of 1933
<PAGE>
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the
"Securities Act"), including any information deemed to be a part thereof at the
time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 434 under the Securities
Act, is called the "Registration Statement". Any registration statement filed by
the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act is called the "Rule
462(b) Registration Statement", and from and after the date and time of filing
of the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement the term "Registration Statement"
shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. Such prospectus, in the
form first used by the Underwriters to confirm sales of the Shares, is called
the "Prospectus." All references in this Agreement to the Registration
Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, a preliminary prospectus, the
Prospectus or the Term Sheet, or any amendments or supplements to any of the
foregoing, shall include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to
its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System ("EDGAR").
The Company and each of the Selling Shareholders hereby
confirms their agreements with the Underwriters as follows:
Section 1. Representations and Warranties.
A. Representations and Warranties of the Company and the Principal Selling
Shareholders. The Company and the Principal Selling Shareholders hereby
represent, warrant and covenant to each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Registration Statement
and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement have been declared effective by the
Commission under the Securities Act. The Company has complied to the
Commission's satisfaction with all requests of the Commission for additional or
supplemental information. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is in effect
and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to
the best knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the
Commission.
Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus when filed
complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and, if filed by
electronic transmission pursuant to EDGAR (except as may be permitted by
Regulation S-T under the Securities Act), was identical to the copy thereof
delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offer and sale of
the Shares. Each of the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became
effective and at all subsequent times, complied and will comply in all material
respects with the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. Each
preliminary prospectus, as of its date, and the Prospectus, as amended or
supplemented, as of its date and at all subsequent times through the 30th day
after the date hereof, did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a
material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the two
immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from
the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, or any post-
effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements
thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to
any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Representatives
expressly for use therein. There are no contracts or other documents required to
be described in the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration
Statement which have not been described or filed as required.
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(b) Offering Materials Furnished to Underwriters. The Company has delivered
to each Representative one complete conformed copy of the Registration Statement
and of each consent and certificate of experts filed as a part thereof, and
conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits) and
preliminary prospectuses and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, in such
quantities and at such places as the Representatives have reasonably requested
for each of the Underwriters.
(c) Distribution of Offering Material By the Company. The Company has not
distributed and will not distribute, prior to the later of the Second Closing
Date (as defined below) and the completion of the Underwriters' distribution of
the Shares, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of
the Shares other than a preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or the
Registration Statement.
(d) The Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered by, and is a valid and binding agreement of, the Company,
enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification
hereunder may be limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement hereof
may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other
similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by
general equitable principles.
(e) Authorization of the Shares To Be Sold By the Company. The Shares to be
purchased by the Underwriters from the Company have been duly authorized for
issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by
the Company pursuant to this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable. The Common Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters from the
Selling Shareholders, when issued, were validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable.
(f) Authorization of the Shares To Be Sold by the Selling Shareholders. The
Common Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Selling Shareholders,
when issued, were validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
(g) No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights. There are no
persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt
securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in
the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as have been
duly waived.
(h) No Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the respective dates as of
which information is given in the Prospectus: (i) there has been no material
adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result
in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in
the earnings, business, operations or prospects, whether or not arising from
transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its
subsidiaries, considered as one entity (any such change or effect, where the
context so requires, is called a "Material Adverse Change" or a "Material
Adverse Effect"); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one
entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct
or contingent, not in the ordinary course of business nor entered into any
material transaction or agreement not in the ordinary course of business; and
(iii) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or
made by the Company or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other
subsidiaries, any of its subsidiaries on any class of capital stock or
repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class
of capital stock.
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(i) Independent Accountants. KPMG LLP, who have expressed their opinion
with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement
includes the related notes thereto) and supporting schedules filed with the
Commission as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the
Prospectus, are independent public or certified public accountants as required
by the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange
Act").
(j) Preparation of the Financial Statements. The financial statements filed
with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the
Prospectus present fairly the financial position of the Company (or the
consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries, as the case
may be) as of and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and
cash flows for the periods specified. The supporting schedules included in the
Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated
therein. Such financial statements and supporting schedules have been prepared
in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the
United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved,
except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. No other
financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the
Registration Statement. The financial data set forth in the Prospectus under the
captions "Summary--Summary Selected Financial Data", "Selected Financial Data"
and "Capitalization" fairly present the information set forth therein on a basis
consistent with that of the audited financial statements contained in the
Registration Statement.
(k) Company's Accounting System. The Company and each of its subsidiaries
maintain a system of accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable
assurances that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's
general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary
to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States and to maintain
accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in
accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (iv) the
recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at
reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any
differences.
(l) Subsidiaries of the Company. The Company does not own or control,
directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than
the subsidiaries, if any, listed in Exhibit 21 to the Registration Statement.
(m) Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has been duly organized and is validly
existing as a corporation or limited liability company, as the case may be, in
good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which it is organized with
full corporate power and authority to own its properties and conduct its
business as described in the prospectus, and is duly qualified to do business as
a foreign corporation, except for qualification in jurisdictions in which the
failure to qualify as a foreign corporation could not reasonably be expected to
result in a Material Adverse Effect, and is in good standing under the laws of
each jurisdiction which requires such qualification.
(n) Capitalization of the Subsidiaries. All the outstanding shares of
capital stock of each subsidiary, if any, have been duly and validly authorized
and issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and, except as otherwise set
forth in the Prospectus, all outstanding shares of capital stock of the
subsidiaries are owned by the Company either directly or through wholly owned
subsidiaries free and clear of any security interests, claims, liens or
encumbrances.
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(o) No Prohibition on Subsidiaries from Paying Dividends or Making Other
Distributions. No subsidiary of the Company, if any, is currently prohibited,
directly or indirectly, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making
any other distribution on such subsidiary's capital stock, from repaying to the
Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from
transferring any of such subsidiary's property or assets to the Company or any
other subsidiary of the Company, except as described in or contemplated by the
Prospectus.
(p) Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters. The authorized, issued
and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the Prospectus
under the caption "Capitalization" (other than for subsequent issuances, if any,
pursuant to employee benefit plans described in the Prospectus or upon exercise
of outstanding options or warrants described in the Prospectus). The Common
Shares (including the Shares) conform in all material respects to the
description thereof contained in the Prospectus. All of the issued and
outstanding Common Shares have been duly authorized and validly issued, are
fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with federal and
state securities laws. None of the outstanding Common Shares were issued in
violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar
rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There are no
authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first
refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible
into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any
of its subsidiaries other than those accurately described in the Prospectus. The
description of the Company's stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or
arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in
the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents the information required to be
shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(q) Stock Exchange Listing. The Shares are registered pursuant to Section
12(g) of the Exchange Act and are listed on the Nasdaq National Market, and the
Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of,
terminating the registration of the Common Shares under the Exchange Act or
delisting the Common Shares from the Nasdaq National, nor has the Company
received any notification that the Commission or the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASD") is contemplating terminating such
registration or listing.
(r) No Consents, Approvals or Authorizations Required. No consent,
approval, authorization, filing with or order of any court or governmental
agency or regulatory body is required in connection with the transactions
contemplated herein, except such as have been obtained or made under the
Securities Act and such as may be required (i) under the blue sky laws of any
jurisdiction in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by
the Underwriters in the manner contemplated here and in the Prospectus, (ii) by
the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and (iii) by the federal
and provincial laws of Canada.
(s) Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments Agreements. Neither the issue
and sale of the Shares nor the consummation of any other of the transactions
herein contemplated nor the fulfillment of the terms hereof will conflict with,
result in a breach or violation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance
upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant
to, (i) the charter or by-laws of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii)
the terms of any indenture, contract, lease, mortgage, deed of trust, note
agreement, loan agreement or other agreement, obligation, condition, covenant or
instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or bound
or to which its or their property is subject or (iii) any statute, law, rule,
regulation, judgment, order or decree applicable to the Company or any of its
subsidiaries of any court, regulatory body, administrative agency,
5
<PAGE>
governmental body, arbitrator or other authority having jurisdiction over the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of its or their properties.
(t) No Defaults or Violations. Neither the Company nor any subsidiary is in
violation or default of (i) any provision of its charter or by-laws, (ii) the
terms of any material indenture, contract, lease, mortgage, deed of trust, note
agreement, loan agreement or other agreement, obligation, condition, covenant or
instrument to which it is a party or bound or to which its property is subject
or (iii) any statute, law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any
court, regulatory body, administrative agency, governmental body, arbitrator or
other authority having jurisdiction over the Company or such subsidiary or any
of its properties, as applicable, except any such violation or default which
would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change
except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus.
(u) No Actions, Suits or Proceedings. Except to the extent described in the
Prospectus, no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental
agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its
subsidiaries or its or their property is pending or, to the best knowledge of
the Company, threatened that (i) could reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect on the performance of this Agreement or the consummation of any
of the transactions contemplated hereby or (ii) could reasonably be expected to
result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(v) All Necessary Permits, Etc. Except to the extent described in the
Prospectus, the Company and each subsidiary possess such valid and current
certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the appropriate state, federal
or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct their respective
businesses, and neither the Company nor any subsidiary has received any notice
of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance
with, any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the
aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, could
result in a Material Adverse Change.
(w) Title to Properties. Except to the extent described in the Prospectus,
the Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to all the
properties and assets reflected as owned in the financial statements referred to
in Section 1(A)(i) above (or elsewhere in the Prospectus), in each case free and
clear of any security interests, mortgages, liens, encumbrances, equities,
claims and other defects, except such as do not materially and adversely affect
the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made or
proposed to be made of such property by the Company or such subsidiary. The real
property, improvements, equipment and personal property held under lease by the
Company or any subsidiary are held under valid and enforceable leases, with such
exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made
or proposed to be made of such real property, improvements, equipment or
personal property by the Company or such subsidiary.
(x) Tax Law Compliance. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has filed
all necessary federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns or has
properly requested extensions thereof and has paid all taxes required to be paid
by it, and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or
penalty levied against it. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and
reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in Section 1(A)(i)
above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes
for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries has not been finally determined. The Company is not aware of any
tax deficiency that has been or might be asserted or threatened against the
Company that could result in a Material Adverse Change.
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(y) Intellectual Property Rights. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries
owns or possesses adequate rights to use all patents, patent rights or licenses,
inventions, collaborative research agreements, trade secrets, know-how,
trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights which are necessary to
conduct its businesses as described in the Registration Statement and
Prospectus; the expiration of any patents, patent rights, trade secrets,
trademarks, service marks, trade names or copyrights would not result in a
Material Adverse Change that is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus;
except to the extent described in the Prospectus, the Company has not received
any notice of, and has no knowledge of, any infringement of or conflict with
asserted rights of the Company by others with respect to any patent, patent
rights, inventions, trade secrets, know-how, trademarks, service marks, trade
names or copyrights; and the Company has not received any notice of, and has no
knowledge of, any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others
with respect to any patent, patent rights, inventions, trade secrets, know-how,
trademarks, service marks, trade names or copyrights which, singly or in the
aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, might
have a Material Adverse Change. There is no claim being made against the Company
regarding patents, patent rights or licenses, inventions, collaborative
research, trade secrets, know-how, trademarks, service marks, trade names or
copyrights. The Company and its subsidiaries do not in the conduct of their
business as now or proposed to be conducted as described in the Prospectus
infringe or conflict with any right or patent of any third party, or any
discovery, invention, product or process which is the subject of a patent
application filed by any third party, known to the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, which such infringement or conflict is reasonably likely to result
in a Material Adverse Change.
(z) Y2K. There are no Y2K issues related to the Company, or any of its
subsidiaries, that (i) are of a character required to be described or referred
to in the Registration Statement or Prospectus by the Securities Act which have
not been accurately described in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or
(ii) might reasonably be expected to result in any Material Adverse Change or
that might materially affect their properties, assets or rights.
(aa) No Transfer Taxes or Other Fees. There are no transfer taxes or other
similar fees or charges under Federal law or the laws of any state, or any
political subdivision thereof, required to be paid in connection with the
execution and delivery of this Agreement or the issuance and sale by the Company
of the Shares.
(bb) Company Not an "Investment Company". The Company has been advised
of the rules and requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended (the "Investment Company Act"). The Company is not, and after receipt of
payment for the Shares will not be, an "investment company" or an entity
"controlled" by an "investment company" within the meaning of the Investment
Company Act and will conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become
subject to the Investment Company Act.
(cc) Insurance. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries is insured by
recognized, financially sound and reputable institutions with policies in such
amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as are generally
deemed adequate and customary for businesses in their industry including, but
not limited to, policies covering real and personal property owned or leased by
the Company and its subsidiaries against theft, damage, destruction, acts of
vandalism and earthquakes, general liability and Directors and Officers
liability. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any subsidiary will
not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such
policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions
as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and
at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change.
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Neither the Company nor any subsidiary has been denied any insurance coverage
which it has sought or for which it has applied.
(dd) Labor Matters. To the best of the Company's knowledge, no labor
disturbance by the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or
is imminent; and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor
disturbance by the employees of any of its principal suppliers, resellers,
subcontractors, authorized dealers or distributors that might reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
(ee) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation. The Company has not taken and
will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might be
reasonably expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the
price of the Common Stock to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.
(ff) Lock-Up Agreements. Each officer and director of the company, each
Selling Shareholder and each beneficial owner of five or more percent of the
outstanding issued share capital of the Company has agreed to sign an agreement
substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the "Lock-up
---------
Agreements"). The Company has provided to counsel for the Underwriters a
complete and accurate list of all securityholders of the Company and the number
and type of securities held by each securityholder. The Company has provided to
counsel for the Underwriters true, accurate and complete copies of all of the
Lock-up Agreements presently in effect or effected hereby. The Company hereby
represents and warrants and agrees that it will not release any of its officers,
directors or other securityholders from any Lock-up Agreements currently
existing or hereafter effected without the prior written consent of FleetBoston
Robertson Stephens Inc.
(gg) Related Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or
related-party transactions involving the Company or any subsidiary or any other
person required to be described in the Prospectus which have not been described
as required.
(hh) No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor
any of its subsidiaries nor, to the best of the Company's knowledge, any
employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary, has made any contribution or
other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state or
foreign office in violation of any law or of the character required to be
disclosed in the Prospectus.
(ii) Environmental Laws. (i) The Company is in compliance with all rules,
laws and regulations relating to the use, treatment, storage and disposal of
toxic substances and protection of health or the environment ("Environmental
Laws") which are applicable to its business, except where the failure to comply
would not result in a Material Adverse Change, (ii) the Company has received no
notice from any governmental authority or third party of an asserted claim under
Environmental Laws, which claim is required to be disclosed in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus, (iii) the Company is not currently aware that it
will be required to make future material capital expenditures to comply with
Environmental Laws and (iv) no property which is owned, leased or occupied by
the Company has been designated as a Superfund site pursuant to the
Comprehensive Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42
U.S.C. ss. 9601, et seq.), or otherwise designated as a contaminated site under
------
applicable state or local law.
(jj) ERISA Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries and any "employee
benefit plan" (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as
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amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder
(collectively, "ERISA")) established or maintained by the Company, its
subsidiaries or their "ERISA Affiliates" (as defined below) are in compliance in
all material respects with ERISA. "ERISA Affiliate" means, with respect to the
Company or a subsidiary, any member of any group of organizations described in
Sections 414(b),(c),(m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended,
and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the "Code") of
which the Company or such subsidiary is a member. No "reportable event" (as
defined under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with
respect to any "employee benefit plan" established or maintained by the Company,
its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates. No "employee benefit plan"
established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA
Affiliates, if such "employee benefit plan" were terminated, would have any
"amount of unfunded benefit liabilities" (as defined under ERISA). Neither the
Company, its subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has incurred or
reasonably expects to incur any liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with
respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any "employee benefit plan" or
(ii) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code. Each "employee benefit plan"
established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA
Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is
so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act,
which would cause the loss of such qualification.
Any certificate signed by an executive officer of the Company
and delivered to the Representatives or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be
deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter as
to the matters set forth therein.
B. Representations and Warranties of the Selling Shareholders. Each Selling
Shareholder, severally and not jointly, represents, warrants and covenants to
each Underwriter as follows:
(a) The Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered by or on behalf of such Selling Shareholder and is a
valid and binding agreement of such Selling Shareholder, enforceable in
accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification hereunder may be
limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement hereof may be limited by
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws
relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general
equitable principles.
(b) The Custody Agreement and Power of Attorney. Each of the (i) Custody
Agreement signed by such Selling Shareholder and American Stock Transfer and
Trust Company, as custodian (the "Custodian"), relating to the deposit of the
Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder (the "Custody Agreement") and (ii)
the Power of Attorney appointing certain individuals named therein as such
Selling Shareholder's attorneys-in-fact (each, an "Attorney-in-Fact") to the
extent set forth therein relating to the transactions contemplated hereby and by
the Prospectus (the "Power of Attorney"), of such Selling Shareholder has been
duly authorized, executed and delivered by such Selling Shareholder and is a
valid and binding agreement of such Selling Shareholder, enforceable in
accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification thereunder may be
limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement thereof may be limited
by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws
relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general
equitable principles. Each Selling Shareholder agrees that the Shares to be sold
by such Selling Shareholder on deposit with the Custodian are subject to the
interests of the Underwriters, that the arrangements made for such custody are
to that extent irrevocable, and that the obligations of such Selling Shareholder
hereunder shall not be terminated, except as
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provided in this Agreement or in the Custody Agreement, by any act of the
Selling Shareholder, by operation of law, by death or incapacity of such Selling
Shareholder or by the occurrence of any other event. If such Selling Shareholder
should die or become incapacitated, or in any other event should occur, before
the delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder hereunder, the
documents evidencing the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder then on
deposit with the Custodian shall be delivered by the Custodian in accordance
with the terms and conditions of this Agreement as if such death, incapacity or
other event had not occurred, regardless of whether or not the Custodian shall
have received notice thereof.
(c) Title to Shares to be Sold. Such Selling Shareholder is the lawful
owner of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder hereunder and upon
sale and delivery of, and payment for, such Shares, as provided herein, such
Selling Shareholder will convey good and marketable title to such Shares, free
and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities and claims whatsoever.
(d) All Authorizations Obtained. Such Selling Shareholder has, and on the
First Closing Date (as defined below) will have, good and valid title to all of
the Company Shares which may be sold by such Selling Shareholder pursuant to
this Agreement on such date and the legal right and power, and all
authorizations and approvals required by law and under its charter or bylaws,
partnership or limited liability company agreement, trust agreement or other
organizational documents to enter into this Agreement and its Custody Agreement
and Power of Attorney, to sell, transfer and deliver all of the Shares which may
be sold by such Selling Shareholder pursuant to this Agreement and to comply
with its other obligations hereunder and thereunder.
(e) No Further Consents, Authorization or Approvals. No consent, approval,
authorization or order of any court or governmental agency or body is required
for the consummation by such Selling Shareholder of the transactions
contemplated herein, except such as may have been obtained under the Securities
Act and such as may be required under the federal and provincial securities laws
of Canada or the blue sky laws or any jurisdiction in connection with the
purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters and such other
approvals as have been obtained.
(f) Non-Contravention. Neither the sale of the Shares being sold by such
Selling Shareholder nor the consummation of any other of the transactions herein
contemplated by such Selling Shareholder or the fulfillment of the terms hereof
by such Selling Shareholder will conflict with, result in a breach or violation
of, or constitute a default under the terms of any material indenture or other
material agreement or instrument to which such Selling Shareholder is party or
bound, any judgment, order or decree applicable to such Selling Shareholder or
any court or regulatory body, administrative agency, governmental body or
arbitrator having jurisdiction over such Selling Shareholder or, to the best of
such Selling Shareholder's knowledge, any law.
(g) No Registration or Other Similar Rights. Such Selling Shareholder does
not have any registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt
securities registered for sale by the Company under the Registration Statement
or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such
rights as are described in the Prospectus under "Shares Eligible for Future
Sale."
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(h) No Preemptive, Co-sale or other Rights. Such Selling Shareholder does
not have, or has waived prior to the date hereof, any preemptive right, co-sale
right or right of first refusal or other similar right to purchase any of the
Shares that are to be sold by the Company to the Underwriters pursuant to this
Agreement; and such Selling Shareholder does not own any warrants, options or
similar rights to acquire, and does not have any right or arrangement to
acquire, any capital stock, right, warrants, options or other securities from
the Company, other than those described in the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus.
(i) Disclosure Made by Such Selling Shareholder in the Prospectus. All
information furnished by or on behalf of such Selling Shareholder in writing
expressly for use in the Registration Statement and Prospectus is, and on the
First Closing Date (as defined below) will be, true, correct, and complete in
all material respects, and does not, and on the First Closing Date will not,
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact necessary to make such information not misleading. Such Selling Shareholder
confirms as accurate the number of shares of Company Shares set forth opposite
such Selling Shareholder's name in the Prospectus under the caption "Principal
and Selling Shareholders" (both prior to and after giving effect to the sale of
the Shares).
(j) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation. Such Selling Shareholder has
not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or
that might be reasonably expected to cause or result in stabilization or
manipulation of the price of the Common Stock to facilitate the sale or resale
of the Shares.
(k) No Transfer Taxes or Other Fees. There are no transfer taxes or other
similar fees or charges under Federal law or the laws of any state, or any
political subdivision thereof, required to be paid in connection with the
execution and delivery of this Agreement or the sale by the Selling Shareholders
of the Shares.
(l) Distribution of Offering Materials by the Selling Shareholders. The
Selling Shareholders have not distributed and will not distribute, prior to the
later of the First Closing Date (as defined below) and the completion of the
Underwriters' distribution of the Shares, any offering material in connection
with the offering and sale of the Shares by the Selling Shareholders other than
a preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or the Registration Statement.
(m) Confirmation of Company Representations and Warranties. Such Selling
Shareholder has no reason to believe that the representations and warranties of
the Company contained in Section 1(A) hereof are not true and correct, is
familiar with the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and has no knowledge
of any material fact, condition or information not disclosed in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus which has had or may result in a Material Adverse
Change, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of
business of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, and is
not prompted to sell the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder by any
information concerning the Company which is not set forth in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus.
Any certificate signed by or on behalf of any Selling
Shareholder and delivered to the Representatives or to counsel for the
Underwriters shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by such Selling
Shareholder to each Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.
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Section 2. Purchase, Sale and Delivery of the Shares.
(a) The Firm Shares. Upon the terms herein set forth, (i) the Company
agrees to issue and sell to the several Underwriters an aggregate of 2,000,000
Firm Shares and (ii) the Selling Shareholders agrees to sell to the several
Underwriters an aggregate of 3,750,000 Firm Shares, each Selling Shareholder
selling the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite such Selling Shareholder's
name on Schedule B. On the basis of the representations, warranties and
----------
agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions
herein set forth, the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase
from the Company and the Selling Shareholders the respective number of Firm
Shares set forth opposite their names on Schedules A and B. The purchase price
-----------------
per Firm Share to be paid by the several Underwriters to the Company and the
Selling Shareholders shall be $100.275 per share.
(b) The First Closing Date. Delivery of the Firm Shares to be purchased by
the Underwriters and payment therefor shall be made by the Company and the
Representatives at 6:00 a.m. San Francisco time, at the offices of Fenwick &
West LLP, Two Palo Alto Square, Palo Alto, CA 94306 (or at such other place as
may be agreed upon among the Representatives and the Company), (i) on the third
(3rd) full business day following the first day that Shares are traded, (ii) if
this Agreement is executed and delivered after 1:30 P.M., San Francisco time,
the fourth (4th) full business day following the day that this Agreement is
executed and delivered or (iii) at such other time and date not later that seven
(7) full business days following the first day that Shares are traded as the
Representatives and the Company may determine (or at such time and date to which
payment and delivery shall have been postponed pursuant to Section 8 hereof),
such time and date of payment and delivery being herein called the "Closing
Date;" provided, however, that if the Company has not made available to the
Representatives copies of the Prospectus within the time provided in Section
2(f) and 3(e) hereof, the Representatives may, in their sole discretion,
postpone the Closing Date until no later than two (2) full business days
following delivery of copies of the Prospectus to the Representatives.
(c) The Option Shares; the Second Closing Date. In addition, on the basis
of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the
terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants
an option to the several Underwriters to purchase, severally and not jointly, up
to an aggregate of 862,500 Option Shares from the Company at the purchase price
per share to be paid by the Underwriters for the Firm Shares. The option granted
hereunder is for use by the Underwriters solely in covering any over-allotments
in connection with the sale and distribution of the Firm Shares. The option
granted hereunder may be exercised at any time upon notice by the
Representatives to the Company, which notice may be given at any time within 30
days from the date of this Agreement. The time and date of delivery of the
Option Shares, if subsequent to the First Closing Date, is called the "Second
Closing Date" and shall be determined by the Representatives and shall not be
earlier than three nor later than five full business days after delivery of such
notice of exercise. If any Option Shares are to be purchased, each Underwriter
agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Option Shares
(subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the
Representatives may determine) that bears the same proportion to the total
number of Option Shares to be purchased as the number of Firm Shares set forth
on Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of
----------
Firm Shares. The Representatives may cancel the option at any time prior to its
expiration by giving written notice of such cancellation to the Company.
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(d) Public Offering of the Shares. The Representatives hereby advise the
Company and the Selling Shareholders that the Underwriters intend to offer for
sale to the public, as described in the Prospectus, their respective portions of
the Shares as soon after this Agreement has been executed and the Registration
Statement has been declared effective as the Representatives, in their sole
judgment, have determined is advisable and practicable.
(e) Payment for the Shares. Payment for the Shares to be sold by the
Company shall be made at the First Closing Date (and, if applicable, at the
Second Closing Date) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the
order of the Company. Payment for the Shares to be sold by the Selling
Shareholder shall be made at the First Closing Date (and, if applicable, at the
Second Closing Date) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the
order of the Custodian.
It is understood that the Representatives have been authorized, for
their own accounts and the accounts of the several Underwriters, to accept
delivery of and receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the
Firm Shares and any Option Shares the Underwriters have agreed to purchase.
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc., individually and not as the Representatives
of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment for any
Shares to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds shall not have been
received by the Representatives by the First Closing Date or the Second Closing
Date, as the case may be, for the account of such Underwriter, but any such
payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from any of its obligations under
this Agreement.
Each Selling Shareholder hereby agrees that (i) it will pay all
stock transfer taxes, stamp duties and other similar taxes, if any, payable upon
the sale or delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Shareholder to the
several Underwriters, or otherwise in connection with the performance of such
Selling Shareholder's obligations hereunder and (ii) the Custodian is authorized
to deduct for such payment any such amounts from the proceeds to such Selling
Shareholder hereunder and to hold such amounts for the account of such Selling
Shareholder with the Custodian under the Custody Agreement.
(f) Delivery of the Shares. The Company and the Selling Shareholders shall
deliver, or cause to be delivered a credit representing the Firm Shares to an
account or accounts at The Depository Trust Company as designated by the
Representatives for the accounts of the Representatives and the several
Underwriters at the First Closing Date, against the irrevocable release of a
wire transfer of immediately available funds for the amount of the purchase
price therefor. The Company and the Selling Shareholders shall also deliver, or
cause to be delivered a credit representing the Option Shares to an account or
accounts at The Depository Trust Company as designated by the Representatives
for the accounts of the Representatives and the several Underwriters, at the
First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, against the
irrevocable release of a wire transfer of immediately available funds for the
amount of the purchase price therefor. Time shall be of the essence, and
delivery at the time and place specified in this Agreement is a further
condition to the obligations of the Underwriters.
(g) Delivery of Prospectus to the Underwriters. Not later than 12:00 noon
on the second business day following the date the Shares are released by the
Underwriters for sale to the public, the Company shall deliver or cause to be
delivered copies of the Prospectus in such quantities and at such places as the
Representatives shall request.
Section 3. Covenants.
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A. Covenants of the Company. The Company further covenants and agrees with
each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Registration Statement Matters. The Company will (i) use its best
efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective or, if the
procedure in Rule 430A of the Securities Act is followed, to prepare and timely
file with the Commission under Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act a Prospectus
in a form approved by the Representatives containing information previously
omitted at the time of effectiveness of the Registration Statement in reliance
on Rule 430A of the Securities Act and (ii) not file any amendment to the
Registration Statement or supplement to the Prospectus of which the
Representatives shall not previously have been advised and furnished with a copy
or to which the Representatives shall have reasonably objected in writing or
which is not in compliance with the Securities Act. If the Company elects to
rely on Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, the Company shall file a Rule
462(b) Registration Statement with the Commission in compliance with Rule 462(b)
under the Securities Act prior to the time confirmations are sent or given, as
specified by Rule 462(b)(2) under the Securities Act, and shall pay the
applicable fees in accordance with Rule 111 under the Securities Act.
(b) Securities Act Compliance. The Company will advise the Representatives
promptly (i) when the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment
thereto shall have become effective, (ii) of receipt of any comments from the
Commission, (iii) of any request of the Commission for amendment of the
Registration Statement or for supplement to the Prospectus or for any additional
information and (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order
suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the
Prospectus or of the institution of any proceedings for that purpose. The
Company will use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such stop order
preventing or suspending the use of the Prospectus and to obtain as soon as
possible the lifting thereof, if issued.
(c) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company will cooperate with the
Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters in endeavoring to qualify the
Shares for sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions (both national
and foreign) as the Representatives may reasonably have designated in writing
and will make such applications, file such documents, and furnish such
information as may be reasonably required for that purpose, provided the Company
shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to file a general
consent to service of process in any jurisdiction where it is not now so
qualified or required to file such a consent. The Company will, from time to
time, prepare and file such statements, reports and other documents, as are or
may be required to continue such qualifications in effect for so long a period
as the Representatives may reasonably request for distribution of the Shares.
(d) Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Securities Act
Matters. The Company will comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act,
and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, so as to permit the
completion of the distribution of the Shares as contemplated in this Agreement
and the Prospectus. If during the period in which a prospectus is required by
law to be delivered by an Underwriter or dealer, any event shall occur as a
result of which, in the judgment of the Company or in the reasonable opinion of
the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters, it becomes necessary to
amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances existing at the time the Prospectus is delivered
to a purchaser, not misleading, or, if it is necessary at any time to amend or
supplement the Prospectus to comply with any law, the Company promptly will
prepare and file with the Commission, and furnish at its own expense to the
Underwriters and to dealers, an appropriate amendment to the Registration
Statement or
14
<PAGE>
supplement to the Prospectus so that the Prospectus as so amended or
supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when it is so
delivered, be misleading, or so that the Prospectus will comply with the law.
(e) Copies of any Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus. The Company
agrees to furnish the Representatives, without charge, during the period
beginning on the date hereof and ending on the later of the First Closing Date
or such date, as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, the Prospectus
is no longer required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an
Underwriter or dealer (the "Prospectus Delivery Period"), as many copies of the
Prospectus and any amendments and supplements thereto as the Representatives may
request.
(f) Insurance. The Company shall (i) obtain Directors and Officers
liability insurance in the minimum amount of $10 million which shall apply to
the offering contemplated hereby and (ii) cause FleetBoston Robertson Stephens
to be added to such policy such that up to $500,000 of its expenses pursuant to
Section 7(a) shall be paid directly by such insurer.
(g) Notice of Subsequent Events. If at any time during the ninety (90) day
period after the Registration Statement becomes effective, any rumor,
publication or event relating to or affecting the Company shall occur as a
result of which in your opinion the market price of the Company Shares has been
or is likely to be materially affected (regardless of whether such rumor,
publication or event necessitates a supplement to or amendment of the
Prospectus), the Company will, after written notice from you advising the
Company to the effect set forth above, forthwith consult with you concerning the
substance of and disseminate a press release or other public statement,
reasonably satisfactory to you, responding to or commenting on such rumor,
publication or event.
(h) Use of Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the sale
of the Shares sold by it in the manner described under the caption "Use of
Proceeds" in the Prospectus.
(i) Transfer Agent. The Company has engaged and will maintain, at its
expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Company Shares.
(j) Earnings Statement. As soon as practicable, the Company will make
generally available to its security holders and to the Representatives an
earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering the twelve-month period
ending the date of the end of the first quarter ending one year following the
effective date that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities
Act.
(k) Periodic Reporting Obligations. During the Prospectus Delivery Period
the Company shall file, on a timely basis, with the Commission and the Nasdaq
National Market all reports and documents required to be filed under the
Exchange Act.
(l) Agreement Not to Offer or Sell Additional Securities. The Company will
not offer, sell or contract to sell, or otherwise dispose of or enter into any
transaction which is designed to, or could be expected to, result in the
disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due
to cash settlement or otherwise by the Company or any affiliate of the Company
or any person in privity with the Company or any affiliate of the Company)
directly or indirectly, or announce the offering of, any other Common Shares or
any securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, Common Shares; provided,
however, that the Company may (i) issue
15
<PAGE>
and sell Common Shares pursuant to any director or employee stock option plan,
stock ownership plan, stock purchase plan or dividend reinvestment plan of the
Company in effect at the date of the Prospectus and described in the Prospectus
so long as none of those shares may be transferred during the period of 180 days
from September 24, 1999, the date that the registration statement relating to
the Company's initial public offering was declared effective, and the Company
shall enter stop transfer instructions with its transfer agent and registrar
against the transfer of any such Common Shares and (ii) the Company may issue
Common Shares issuable upon the conversion of securities or the exercise of
warrants outstanding at the date of the Prospectus and described in the
Prospectus. These restrictions terminate after the close of trading of the
Shares on the 90th day following the date of the Prospectus (the "Lock-up
Period").
(m) Future Reports to the Representatives. During the period of five years
hereafter the Company will furnish to the Representatives (i) as soon as
practicable after the end of each fiscal year, copies of the Annual Report of
the Company containing the balance sheet of the Company as of the close of such
fiscal year and statements of income, Shareholders' equity and cash flows for
the year then ended and the opinion thereon of the Company's independent public
or certified public accountants; (ii) as soon as practicable after the filing
thereof, copies of each proxy statement, Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly
Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other report filed by the
Company with the Commission, the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc. or any securities exchange; and (iii) as soon as available, copies of any
report or communication of the Company mailed generally to holders of its
capital stock.
(n) Exchange Act Compliance. During the Prospectus Delivery Period, the
Company will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission
pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15 of the Exchange Act in the manner and within
the time periods required by the Exchange Act.
B.
Covenants of the Selling Shareholders. Each Selling Shareholder further
covenants and agrees with each Underwriter:
(a) Agreement Not to Offer or Sell Additional Securities. Such Selling
Shareholder will not, during the Lock-Up Period, make a disposition of
Securities (as defined in Exhibit A hereto) now owned or hereafter acquired
directly by such person or with respect to which such person has or hereafter
acquires the power of disposition, otherwise than (i) as a bona fide gift or
gifts, provided the donee or donees thereof agree in writing to be bound by this
restriction, (ii) as a distribution to partners or shareholders of such person,
provided that the distributees thereof agree in writing to be bound by the terms
of this restriction, (iii) with respect to dispositions of Common Shares
acquired on the open market or (iv) with the prior written consent of
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc. The foregoing restriction has been expressly
agreed to preclude the holder of the Securities from engaging in any hedging or
other transaction which is designed to or reasonably expected to lead to or
result in a disposition of Securities during the Lock-Up Period, even if such
Securities would be disposed of by someone other than such holder. Such
prohibited hedging or other transactions would include, without limitation, any
short sale (whether or not against the box) or any purchase, sale or grant of
any right (including, without limitation, any put or call option) with respect
to any Securities or with respect to any security (other than a broad-based
market basket or index) that includes, relates to or derives any significant
part of its value from Securities. Furthermore, such person has also agreed and
consented to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company's transfer
16
<PAGE>
agent against the transfer of the Securities held by such person except in
compliance with this restriction.
(b) Delivery of Forms W-8 and W-9. To deliver to the Representatives prior
to the First Closing Date a properly completed and executed United States
Treasury Department Form W-8 (if such Selling Shareholder is a non-United States
person) or Form W-9 (if such Selling Shareholder is a United States Person).
(c) Notification of Untrue Statements, etc. If, at any time prior to the
date on which the distribution of the Common Shares as contemplated herein and
in the Prospectus has been completed, as determined by the Representatives, such
Selling Shareholder has knowledge of the occurrence of any event as a result of
which the Prospectus or the Registration Statement, in each case as then amended
or supplemented, would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of
the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, such Selling
Shareholder will promptly notify the Company and the Representatives.
Section 4. Conditions of the Obligations of the Underwriters. The
obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Shares as
provided herein on the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Option
Shares, the Second Closing Date, shall be subject to the accuracy of the
representations and warranties on the part of the Company and the Principal
Selling Shareholders set forth in Section 1 hereof as of the date hereof and as
of the First Closing Date as though then made and, with respect to the Option
Shares, as of the Second Closing Date as though then made, to the timely
performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and
to each of the following additional conditions:
(a) Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection
from the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. The Registration
Statement shall have become effective prior to the execution of this Agreement,
or at such later date as shall be consented to in writing by you; and no stop
order suspending the effectiveness thereof shall have been issued and no
proceedings for that purpose shall have been initiated or, to the knowledge of
the Company or any Underwriter, threatened by the Commission, and any request of
the Commission for additional information (to be included in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the
satisfaction of Underwriters' Counsel; and the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc. shall have raised no objection to the fairness and
reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.
(b) Corporate Proceedings. All corporate proceedings and other legal
matters in connection with this Agreement, the form of Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, and the registration, authorization, issue, sale and
delivery of the Shares, shall have been reasonably satisfactory to Underwriters'
Counsel, and such counsel shall have been furnished with such papers and
information as they may reasonably have requested to enable them to pass upon
the matters referred to in this Section.
(c) No Material Adverse Change. Subsequent to the execution and delivery of
this Agreement and prior to the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date,
as the case may be, there shall not have been any Material Adverse Change in the
condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations, business or prospects
of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise from that set
forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, which, in your sole judgment,
is material and adverse and that makes it, in your sole judgment, impracticable
17
<PAGE>
or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering of the Shares as contemplated
by the Prospectus.
(d) Opinion of Counsel for the Company. You shall have received on the
First Closing Date, or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, an opinion
of Fenwick & West LLP counsel for the Company substantially in the form of
Exhibit B attached hereto, dated the First Closing Date, or the Second Closing
- - ---------
Date, addressed to the Underwriters and with reproduced copies or signed
counterparts thereof for each of the Underwriters.
Counsel rendering the opinion contained in Exhibit B may rely as to
---------
questions of law not involving the laws of the United States, the State of New
York or the State of California or general corporate laws of the State of
Delaware upon opinions of local counsel, and as to questions of fact upon
representations or certificates of officers of the Company, and of government
officials, in which case their opinion is to state that they are so relying and
that they have no knowledge of any material misstatement or inaccuracy in any
such opinion, representation or certificate. Copies of any opinion,
representation or certificate so relied upon shall be delivered to you, as
Representatives of the Underwriters, and to Underwriters' Counsel.
(e) Opinion of Counsel for the Underwriters. You shall have received on the
First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, an opinion of
Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, substantially in the form of Exhibit C hereto.
The Company shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they may have
requested for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon such matters.
(f) Accountants' Comfort Letter. You shall have received on the First
Closing Date and on the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, a letter from
KPMG LLP addressed to the Underwriters, dated the First Closing Date or the
Second Closing Date, as the case may be, confirming that they are independent
certified public accountants with respect to the Company within the meaning of
the Act and the applicable published Rules and Regulations and based upon the
procedures described in such letter delivered to you concurrently with the
execution of this Agreement (herein called the "Original Letter"), but carried
out to a date not more than four (4) business days prior to the First Closing
Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, (i) confirming, to the
extent true, that the statements and conclusions set forth in the Original
Letter are accurate as of the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as
the case may be, and (ii) setting forth any revisions and additions to the
statements and conclusions set forth in the Original Letter which are necessary
to reflect any changes in the facts described in the Original Letter since the
date of such letter, or to reflect the availability of more recent financial
statements, data or information. The letter shall not disclose any change in the
condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, operations, business or business
prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise from
that set forth in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, which, in your sole
judgment, is material and adverse and that makes it, in your sole judgment,
impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the public offering of the Shares
as contemplated by the Prospectus. The Original Letter from KPMG LLP shall be
addressed to or for the use of the Underwriters in form and substance
satisfactory to the Underwriters and shall (i) represent, to the extent true,
that they are independent certified public accountants with respect to the
Company within the meaning of the Act and the applicable published Rules and
Regulations, (ii) set forth their opinion with respect to their examination of
the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of September 30, 1999 and
related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity, and cash
flows for the twelve (12) months ended September 30, 1999, [(iii) state that
KPMG LLP has performed the procedures set out in Statement on Auditing Standards
No. 71 ("SAS 71") for a review of interim
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financial information and providing the report of KPMG LLP as described in SAS
71 on the financial statements for each of the quarters in the quarterly period
ended December 31, 1999 (the "Quarterly Financial Statements"),] (iv) state that
in the course of such review, nothing came to their attention that leads them to
believe that any material modifications need to be made to any of the Quarterly
Financial Statements in order for them to be in compliance with United States
generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied across the periods
presented, and (v) address other matters agreed upon by KPMG LLP and you. In
addition, you shall have received from KPMG LLP a letter addressed to the
Company and made available to you for the use of the Underwriters stating that
their review of the Company's system of internal accounting controls, to the
extent they deemed necessary in establishing the scope of their examination of
the Company's financial statements as of September 30, 1999, did not disclose
any weaknesses in internal controls that they considered to be material
weaknesses.
(g) Officers' Certificate. You shall have received on the First Closing
Date and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate of the
Company, dated the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case
may be, signed by the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the
Company, to the effect that, and you shall be satisfied that:
(i) The representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are
true and correct, as if made on and as of the First Closing Date or the
Second Closing Date, as the case may be, and the Company has complied with
all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be
performed or satisfied at or prior to the First Closing Date or the Second
Closing Date, as the case may be;
(ii) No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been
instituted or are pending or threatened under the Act;
(iii) When the Registration Statement became effective and at all times
subsequent thereto up to the delivery of such certificate, the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus, and any amendments or supplements thereto
contained all material information required to be included therein by the
Securities Act and in all material respects conformed to the requirements
of the Securities Act, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and
any amendments or supplements thereto, did not and does not include any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading; and, since the effective date of the Registration
Statement, there has occurred no event required to be set forth in an
amended or supplemented Prospectus which has not been so set forth; and
(iv) Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in
the Registration Statement and Prospectus, there has not been (a) any
material adverse change in the condition (financial or otherwise),
earnings, operations, business or prospects of the Company and its
subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, (b) any transaction that is
material to the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise,
except transactions entered into in the ordinary course of business, (c)
any obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and
its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, incurred by the Company or
its subsidiaries, except obligations incurred in the ordinary course of
business, (d) any change in the capital stock or outstanding indebtedness
of the Company or any of its subsidiaries that is material to the Company
and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, (e) any
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<PAGE>
dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital
stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or (f) any loss or damage
(whether or not insured) to the property of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries which has been sustained or will have been sustained which has
a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise),
earnings, operations, business or prospects of the Company and its
subsidiaries considered as one enterprise.
(h) Lock-up Agreement from Certain Shareholders of the Company. The Company
shall have obtained and delivered to you an agreement substantially in the form
of Exhibit A attached hereto from each officer and director of the Company, the
---------
Selling Shareholders, and each beneficial owner of five or more percent of the
outstanding issued share capital of the Company.
(i) Opinion of Counsel for the Selling Shareholders. You shall have
received on the First Closing Date an opinion of Fenwick & West LLP, counsel for
the Selling Shareholders substantially in the form of Exhibit D attached hereto.
---------
In rendering such opinion, such counsel may rely as to questions of
law not involving the laws of the United States or State of California upon
opinions of local counsel and as to questions of fact upon representations or
certificates of the Selling Shareholders, and of governmental officials, in
which case their opinion is to state that they are so relying and that they have
no knowledge of any material misstatement or inaccuracy of any material
misstatement or inaccuracy in any such opinion, representation or certificate so
relied upon shall be delivered to you, as Representatives of the Underwriters,
and to Underwriters' Counsel.
(j) Selling Shareholders' Certificate. On each of the First Closing Date
and the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, the Representatives shall
received a written certificate executed by the Attorney-in-Fact of each Selling
Shareholder, dated as of such Closing Date, to the effect that:
(i) the representations, warranties and covenants of such Selling
Shareholder set forth in Section 1(B) of this Agreement are true and
correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made by such
Selling Shareholder on and as of such Closing Date; and
(ii) such Selling Shareholder has complied with all the agreements and
satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or
prior to such Closing Date.
(k) Selling Shareholders' Documents. At least three business days prior to
the date hereof, the Company and each Selling Shareholder shall have furnished
for review by the Representatives copies of the Powers of Attorney and Custody
Agreements executed by the Selling Shareholders and such further information,
certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request.
(l) Stock Exchange Listing. The Shares shall have been approved for
inclusion on the Nasdaq National Market, subject only to official notice of
issuance.
(m) Compliance with Prospectus Delivery Requirements. The Company shall
have complied with the provisions of Sections 2(g) and 3(e) hereof with respect
to the furnishing of Prospectuses.
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(n) Additional Documents. On or before each of the First Closing Date and
the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, the Representatives and counsel for
the Underwriters shall have received such information, documents and opinions as
they may reasonably require for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the
issuance and sale of the Shares as contemplated herein, or in order to evidence
the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction
of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained.
If any condition specified in this Section 4 is not satisfied when and
as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the
Representatives by written notice to the Company at any time on or prior to the
First Closing Date and, with respect to the Option Shares, at any time prior to
the Second Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the
part of any party to any other party, except that Section 5 (Payment of
Expenses), Section 6 (Reimbursement of Underwriters' Expenses), Section 7
(Indemnification and Contribution) and Section 10 (Representations and
Indemnities to Survive Delivery) shall at all times be effective and shall
survive such termination.
Section 5. Payment of Expenses. The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees
and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of its obligations
hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including
without limitation (i) all expenses incident to the issuance and delivery of the
Common Shares (including all printing and engraving costs), (ii) all fees and
expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Stock, (iii) all
necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the issuance
and sale of the Shares to the Underwriters, (iv) all fees and expenses of the
Company's counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other
advisors, (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the
preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration
Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and
certificates of experts), each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus, and
all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement, (vi) all filing
fees, attorneys' fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriters
in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the
qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Shares for offer and
sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the provincial securities
laws of Canada or any other country, and, if requested by the Representatives,
preparing and printing a "Blue Sky Survey", an "International Blue Sky Survey"
or other memorandum, and any supplements thereto, advising the Underwriters of
such qualifications, registrations and exemptions, (vii) the filing fees
incident to, and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for the
Underwriters in connection with, the National Association of Securities Dealers,
Inc. review and approval of the Underwriters' participation in the offering and
distribution of the Common Shares, (viii) the fees and expenses associated with
including the Common Shares on the Nasdaq National Market, (ix) all costs and
expenses incident to the travel and accommodation of the Company's employees on
the "road show," and (x) all other fees, costs and expenses referred to in Item
13 of Part II of the Registration Statement. Except as provided in this Section
5, Section 6, and Section 7 hereof, the Underwriters shall pay their own
expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their counsel.
The Selling Shareholders further agree with each Underwriter to pay
(directly or by reimbursement) all fees and expenses incident to the performance
of their obligations under this Agreement which are not otherwise specifically
provided for herein, including but not limited to (i) fees and expenses of
counsel and other advisors for any of the Selling Shareholders, and (ii)
expenses and taxes incident to the sale and delivery of the Common Shares to be
sold by
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any of the Selling Shareholders to the Underwriters hereunder (which taxes, if
any, may be deducted by the Custodian under the provisions of Section 2 of this
Agreement).
This Section 5 shall not affect or modify any separate, valid
agreement relating to the allocation of payment of expenses between the Company,
on the one hand, and the Selling Shareholders, on the other hand.
Section 6. Reimbursement of Underwriters' Expenses. If this Agreement is
terminated by the Representatives pursuant to Section 4, Section 8, Section 9 or
Section 15, or if the sale to the Underwriters of the Shares on the First
Closing Date is not consummated because of any refusal, inability or failure on
the part of the Company or any of the Selling Shareholders to perform any
agreement herein or to comply with any provision hereof, the Company agrees to
reimburse the Representatives and the other Underwriters (or such Underwriters
as have terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves), severally, upon
demand for all out-of-pocket expenses that shall have been reasonably incurred
by the Representatives and the Underwriters in connection with the proposed
purchase and the offering and sale of the Shares, including but not limited to
fees and disbursements of counsel, printing expenses, travel and accommodation
expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges.
Section 5. Indemnification and Contribution.
(a) Indemnification of the Underwriters.
(1) Each of the Company and the Principal Selling Shareholders, jointly and
severally agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers
and employees, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the
meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act against any loss, claim,
damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which such Underwriter or such
controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange
Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or
otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is
effected with the written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or
expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or
is based (i) upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material
fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto,
including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430A
under the Securities Act, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements
therein not misleading; or (ii) upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus or the
Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged
omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading; or (iii) in whole or in part upon any inaccuracy in the
representations and warranties of the Company or, in the case of a Principle
Shareholder, such Principal Selling Shareholder contained herein; or (iv) in
whole or in part upon any failure of the Company or, in the case of a Principle
Shareholder, such Principal Selling Shareholder to perform its or their
respective obligations hereunder or under law; (v) any untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained in any audio or visual
materials provided by the Company or based upon written information furnished by
or on behalf of the Company including, without limitation, slides, videos, films
or tape recordings, used in connection with the marketing of the Shares,
including without limitation, statements communicated to securities analysts
employed by the Underwriters; or (vi) any act or failure to
22
<PAGE>
act or any alleged act or failure to act by any Underwriter in connection with,
or relating in any manner to, the Shares or the offering contemplated hereby,
and which is included as part of or referred to in any loss, claim, damage,
liability or action arising out of or based upon any matter covered by clause
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv) or (v) above, provided that the Company and the Principal
Selling Shareholders shall not be liable under this clause (v) to the extent
that a court of competent jurisdiction shall have determined by a final judgment
that such loss, claim, damage, liability or action resulted directly from any
such acts or failures to act undertaken or omitted to be taken by such
Underwriter through its bad faith or willful misconduct; and to reimburse each
Underwriter and each such controlling person for any and all expenses (including
the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by FleetBoston Robertson
Stephens Inc.) as such expenses are reasonably incurred by such Underwriter or
such controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling,
compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or
action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not
apply to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only
to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in
conformity with written information furnished to the Company and the Principal
Selling Shareholders by the Representatives expressly for use in the
Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any
amendment or supplement thereto); and provided, further, that with respect to
any preliminary prospectus, the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not inure to
the benefit of any Underwriter from whom the person asserting any loss, claim,
damage, liability or expense purchased Shares, or any person controlling such
Underwriter, if copies of the Prospectus were timely delivered to the
Underwriter pursuant to Section 2 and a copy of the Prospectus (as then amended
or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished any amendments or
supplements thereto) was not sent or given by or on behalf of such Underwriter
to such person, if required by law so to have been delivered, at or prior to the
written confirmation of the sale of the Shares to such person, and if the
Prospectus (as so amended or supplemented) would have cured the defect giving
rise to such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense. The indemnity agreement
set forth in this Section 7(a) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the
Company and the Principal Selling Shareholders may otherwise have.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, (A) the Underwriters must attempt to collect any
amounts due first from the Company before proceeding against the Principal
Selling Shareholders, (B) any amounts to be paid by an indemnifying party shall
be offset by any amounts actually paid to the indemnified parties pursuant to
the insurance described in Section 3(f) hereof, and (C) the indemnity and
contribution obligations of a Principal Selling Shareholder under this Section
7(a) and Section 7(f) shall not exceed the product of the number of Firm Shares
sold by the Principal Selling Shareholders and the initial public offering price
as set forth in the Prospectus, less underwriting discounts.
(2) Each of the Other Selling Shareholders, severally and not jointly,
agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers and
employees, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the
meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act against any loss, claim,
damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which such Underwriter or such
controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange
Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or
otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is
effected with the written consent of the Company and such Other Selling
Shareholder, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld), insofar as such
loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as
contemplated below) arises out of or is based (i) upon any untrue statement or
alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration
Statement, or any amendment thereto, including any information deemed to be a
part thereof pursuant to Rule 430A under the
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<PAGE>
Securities Act, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not
misleading; or (ii) upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a
material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any
amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom
of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the
light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in the
case of subparagraphs (i) and (ii) of this Section 7(a)(2) to the extent, but
only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or
omission or alleged omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with
written information furnished to the Company or such Underwriter by such Other
Selling Shareholder, directly or through such Other Selling Shareholder's
representatives, specifically for use in the preparation thereof; or (iii) in
whole or in part upon any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of
such Other Selling Shareholders contained herein; or (iv) in whole or in part
upon any failure of such Other Selling Shareholder to perform its obligations
hereunder; or (v) any act or failure to act or any alleged act or failure to act
by any Underwriter in connection with, or relating in any manner to, the Shares
or the offering contemplated hereby, and which is included as part of or
referred to in any loss, claim, damage, liability or action arising out of or
based upon any matter covered by clause (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv) above, provided
that the Other Selling Shareholders shall not be liable under this clause (v) to
the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction shall have determined by a
final judgment that such loss, claim, damage, liability or action resulted
directly from any such acts or failures to act undertaken or omitted to be taken
by such Underwriter through its bad faith or willful misconduct; and to
reimburse each Underwriter and each such controlling person for any and all
expenses (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc.) as such expenses are reasonably incurred by
such Underwriter or such controlling person in connection with investigating,
defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage,
liability, expense or action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity
agreement shall not apply to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to
the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue
statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in
reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company or the Other Selling Shareholders by the Representatives, expressly for
use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus
(or any amendment or supplement thereto); and provided, further, that with
respect to any preliminary prospectus, the foregoing indemnity agreement shall
not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter from whom the person asserting any
loss, claim, damage, liability or expense purchased Shares, or any person
controlling such Underwriter, if copies of the Prospectus were timely delivered
to the Underwriter pursuant to Section 2 and a copy of the Prospectus (as then
amended or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished any amendments or
supplements thereto) was not sent or given by or on behalf of such Underwriter
to such person, if required by law so to have been delivered, and if the
Prospectus (as so amended or supplemented) would have cured the defect giving
rise to such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense. The indemnity agreement
set forth in this Section 7(a) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the
Other Selling Shareholders may have. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the
liability of each Other Selling Shareholder under the foregoing indemnity
agreement shall be limited to an amount equal to the initial public offering
price of the Shares sold by such Other Selling Shareholder, as set forth in the
Prospectus, less underwriting discounts.
(b) Indemnification of the Company, its Directors, Officers and Selling
Shareholders. Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify
and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who
signed the Registration Statement, the Selling Shareholders, and each person, if
any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the
24
<PAGE>
Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any loss, claim, damage, liability
or expense, as incurred, to which the Company, or any such director, officer,
Selling Shareholder or controlling person may become subject, under the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or
regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any
litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of such
Underwriter), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or
actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon
any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the
Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any
amendment or supplement thereto), or arises out of or is based upon the omission
or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated
therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case
to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration
Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus (or any amendment or
supplement thereto), in reliance upon and in conformity with written information
furnished to the Company and the Selling Shareholders by the Representatives
expressly for use therein; and to reimburse the Company, or any such director,
officer, Selling Shareholder or controlling person for any legal and other
expense reasonably incurred by the Company, or any such director, officer,
Selling Shareholder or controlling person in connection with investigating,
defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage,
liability, expense or action. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section
7(b) shall be in addition to any liabilities that each Underwriter may otherwise
have. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any amounts to be paid by an indemnifying
party shall be offset by any amounts paid to the indemnified parties pursuant to
the insurance described in Section 3(f) hereof.
(c) Information Provided by the Underwriters. Each of the Company and the
Selling Shareholders, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within
the meaning of the Securities Act or Exchange Act, hereby acknowledge that the
only information that the Underwriters have furnished to the Company and the
Selling Shareholders expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any
preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement
thereto) are the statements set forth in the table in the first paragraph and
the seventh paragraph and the tenth paragraph under the caption "Underwriting"
in the Prospectus; and the Underwriters confirm that such statements are
correct.
(d) Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures. Promptly after
receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 7 of notice of the
commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect
thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 7, notify
the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the omission
so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it from any liability which
it may have to any indemnified party for contribution or otherwise than under
the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 7 or to the extent it is not
prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure. In case any such action is
brought against any indemnified party and such indemnified party seeks or
intends to seek indemnity from an indemnifying party, the indemnifying party
will be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall elect,
jointly with all other indemnifying parties similarly notified, by written
notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid
notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel
reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided, however, if the
defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party and the
indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded on
advice of counsel that a conflict may arise between the positions of the
indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting the defense of any
such action or that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other
indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to
the indemnifying
25
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party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select separate
counsel to assume such legal defenses and to otherwise participate in the
defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties. Upon
receipt of notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of such
indemnifying party's election so to assume the defense of such action and
approval by the indemnified party of counsel, the indemnifying party will not be
liable to such indemnified party under this Section 7 for any legal or other
expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the
defense thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate
counsel in accordance with the proviso to the next preceding sentence (it being
understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the
expenses of more than one separate counsel (together with local counsel),
approved by the indemnifying party (FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc. in the
case of Section 7(b) and Section 8), representing the indemnified parties who
are parties to such action), (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed
counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party
within a reasonable time after written notice of commencement of the action, or
(iii) the indemnifying party has authorized the employment of counsel for the
indemnified party at the expense of the indemnifying party, in each of which
cases the fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of the
indemnifying party.
(e) Settlements. The indemnifying party under this Section 7 shall not be
liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written
consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, but if settled with
such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying
party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage,
liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding
the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested
an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable fees and
expenses of counsel as contemplated by Section 7(d) hereof, the indemnifying
party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding
effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more
than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request
and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party
in accordance with such request or disputed such amounts in writing prior to the
date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written
consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent
to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding
in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and
indemnity was or could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party,
unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes (i) an unconditional
release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the
subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding and (ii) does not include a
statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or
on behalf of any indemnified party.
(f) Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this Section 7 is
unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under
Section 7(a) or (b) above in respect of any losses, claims, damages or
liabilities (or actions or proceedings in respect thereof) then each
indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount paid or payable by
such indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the
relative benefits received by such party on the one hand and the Underwriters on
the other from the offering of the Shares. If, however, the allocation provided
by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable law, then
each indemnifying party shall contribute to such amount paid or payable by such
indemnified party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only such
relative benefits but also the relative fault of such party on the one hand and
the Underwriters on the other in connection with the statements or omissions
which resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, (or actions or
proceedings in respect thereof), as well as any other
26
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relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault shall be determined by
reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement
of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact
relates to information supplied by the Company, the "control" Shareholders and
the Selling Shareholders on the one hand or the Underwriters on the other and
the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity
to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The Company, each Selling Shareholder, each "control" Shareholder and
Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions
pursuant to this Section 7(f) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if
the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other
method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations
referred to above in this Section 7(f). The amount paid or payable by an
indemnified party as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions or proceedings in respect thereof) referred to above in this Section
7(f) shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred
by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such
action or claim after taking into account amounts paid pursuant to the insurance
described in Section 3(f). Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection
(f), (i) no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of
the underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the Shares purchased by
such Underwriter and (ii) no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation
(within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to
contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations in this Section 7(f) to
contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting
obligations and not joint.
(g) Timing of Any Payments of Indemnification. Any losses, claims, damages,
liabilities or expenses for which an indemnified party is entitled to
indemnification or contribution under this Section 7 shall be paid by the
indemnifying party to the indemnified party as such losses, claims, damages,
liabilities or expenses are incurred, but in all cases, no later than forty-five
(45) days following the date of invoice to the indemnifying party.
(h) Survival. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this
Section 7 and the representation and warranties set forth in this Agreement
shall remain operative and in full force and effect, regardless of (i) any
investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or any person controlling
any Underwriter, the Company, its directors or officers or any persons
controlling the Company, (ii) acceptance of any Shares and payment therefor
hereunder, and (iii) any termination of this Agreement. A successor to any
Underwriter, or to the Company, its directors or officers, any Selling
Shareholder or any person controlling the Company, shall be entitled to the
benefits of the indemnity, contribution and reimbursement agreements contained
in this Section 7.
(i) Acknowledgements of Parties. The parties to this Agreement hereby
acknowledge that they are sophisticated business persons who were represented by
counsel during the negotiations regarding the provisions hereof including,
without limitation, the provisions of this Section 7, and are fully informed
regarding said provisions. They further acknowledge that the provisions of this
Section 7 fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to
investigate the Company and its business in order to assure that adequate
disclosure is made in the Registration Statement and Prospectus as required by
the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.
Section 8. Default of One or More of the Several Underwriters. If, on the First
Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, any one or more of
the several
27
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Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Shares that it or they have agreed
to purchase hereunder on such date, and the aggregate number of Common Shares
which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused
to purchase does not exceed 10% of the aggregate number of the Shares to be
purchased on such date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in
the proportions that the number of Firm Common Shares set forth opposite their
respective names on Schedule A bears to the aggregate number of Firm Shares set
----------
forth opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such
other proportions as may be specified by the Representatives with the consent of
the non-defaulting Underwriters, to purchase the Shares which such defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such
date. If, on the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may
be, any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Shares
and the aggregate number of Shares with respect to which such default occurs
exceeds 10% of the aggregate number of Shares to be purchased on such date, and
arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives and the Company for the
purchase of such Shares are not made within 48 hours after such default, this
Agreement shall terminate without liability of any party to any other party
except that the provisions of Section 5, and Section 7 shall at all times be
effective and shall survive such termination. In any such case either the
Representatives or the Company shall have the right to postpone the First
Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, but in no event for
longer than seven days in order that the required changes, if any, to the
Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any other documents or arrangements
may be effected.
As used in this Agreement, the term "Underwriter" shall be deemed to
include any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter under this Section
8. Any action taken under this Section 8 shall not relieve any defaulting
Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under
this Agreement.
Section 9. Termination of this Agreement. This Agreement may be terminated
by the Representatives by notice given to the Company and the Selling
Shareholders if (a) at any time after the execution and delivery of this
Agreement and prior to the first Closing Date (i) trading or quotation in any of
the Company's securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission
or by the Nasdaq Stock Market or trading in securities generally on either the
Nasdaq Stock Market or the New York Stock Exchange shall have been suspended or
limited, or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on
any of such stock exchanges by the Commission or the National Association of
Securities Dealers, Inc.; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been
declared by any of federal, New York or California authorities; (iii) there
shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international
hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the United States or
international financial markets, or any substantial change or development
involving a prospective change in United States' or international political,
financial or economic conditions, as in the judgment of the Representatives is
material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to market the
Common Shares in the manner and on the terms contemplated in the Prospectus or
to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; (iv) in the judgment of the
Representatives there shall have occurred any Material Adverse Change; or (v)
the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake,
accident or other calamity of such character as in the judgment of the
Representatives may interfere materially with the conduct of the business and
operations of the Company regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been
insured or (b) in the case of any of the events specified in 9(a)(i)-(v), such
event singly or together with any other event, makes it, in your judgment,
impracticable or inadvisable to market the Common Shares in the manner and on
the terms contemplated in the Prospectus. Any termination pursuant to this
Section 9 shall be without liability on the part of (x) the Company or the
Selling Shareholders to
28
<PAGE>
any Underwriter, except that the Company and the Selling Shareholders shall be
obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representatives and the Underwriters
pursuant to Sections 5 and 6 hereof, (y) any Underwriter to the Company or any
person controlling the Company or the Selling Shareholders or (z) of any party
hereto to any other party except that the provisions of Section 7 shall at all
times be effective and shall survive such termination.
Section 10. Representations and Indemnities to Survive Delivery. The
respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other
statements of the Company or any person controlling the Company, of its
officers, of the Selling Shareholders and of the several Underwriters set forth
in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect,
regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or the
Company or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any
controlling person as the case may be, and will survive delivery of and payment
for the Shares sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.
Section 11. Notices. All communications hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed to the parties
hereto as follows:
If to the Representatives:
FLEETBOSTON ROBERTSON STEPHENS INC.
555 California Street
San Francisco, California 94104
Facsimile: (415) 676-2675
Attention: General Counsel
If to the Company or the Selling Shareholders:
Keynote Systems, Inc.
2855 Campus Drive
San Mateo, CA 94403
Facsimile: (650) 522-1099
Attention: Chief Financial Officer
With a copy to:
Fenwick & West LLP
Two Palo Alto Square
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Attention: Matthew P. Quilter
Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving
written notice to the others.
Section 12. Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and
be binding upon the parties hereto, including any substitute Underwriters
pursuant to Section 8 hereof, and to the benefit of the employees, officers and
directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 7, and to their
respective successors, and no other person will have any right or obligation
hereunder. The term "successors" shall not include any purchaser of the Shares
as such from any of the Underwriters merely by reason of such purchase.
29
<PAGE>
Section 13. Partial Unenforceability. The invalidity or unenforceability of
any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the
validity or enforceability of any other Section, paragraph or provision hereof.
If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason
determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such
minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid
and enforceable.
Section 14. Governing Law Provisions.
(a) Governing Law. This agreement shall be governed by and construed in
accordance with the internal laws of the state of New York applicable to
agreements made and to be performed in such state.
(b) Consent to Jurisdiction. Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising
out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby
("Related Proceedings") may be instituted in the federal courts of the United
States of America located in the City and County of San Francisco or the courts
of the State of California in each case located in the City and County of San
Francisco (collectively, the "Specified Courts"), and each party irrevocably
submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in
regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court (a "Related
Judgment"), as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in
any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or
document by mail to such party's address set forth above shall be effective
service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such
court. The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the
laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts
and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any
such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such
court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Each party not located in the
United States irrevocably appoints CT Corporation System, which currently
maintains a San Francisco office at 49 Stevenson Street, San Francisco,
California 94105, United States of America, as its agent to receive service of
process or other legal summons for purposes of any such suit, action or
proceeding that may be instituted in any state or federal court in the City and
County of San Francisco.
(c) Waiver of Immunity. With respect to any Related Proceeding, each party
irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, all
immunity (whether on the basis of sovereignty or otherwise) from jurisdiction,
service of process, attachment (both before and after judgment) and execution to
which it might otherwise be entitled in the Specified Courts, and with respect
to any Related Judgment, each party waives any such immunity in the Specified
Courts or any other court of competent jurisdiction, and will not raise or claim
or cause to be pleaded any such immunity at or in respect of any such Related
Proceeding or Related Judgment, including, without limitation, any immunity
pursuant to the United States Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, as
amended.
Section 15. Failure of One or More of the Selling Shareholders to Sell and
Deliver Common Shares. If one or more of the Selling Shareholders shall fail to
sell and deliver to the Underwriters the Shares to be sold and delivered by such
Selling Shareholder or Selling Shareholders at the First Closing Date pursuant
to this Agreement, then the Underwriters may at their option, by written notice
from the Representatives to the Company and the Selling Shareholders, either (i)
terminate this Agreement without any liability on the part of any Underwriter
or, except as provided in Sections 5, 6, and 7 hereof, the Company or the
Selling Shareholders, or (ii) purchase the shares which the Company and other
Selling
30
<PAGE>
Shareholders have agreed to sell and deliver in accordance with the terms
hereof. If one or more of the Selling Shareholders shall fail to sell and
deliver to the Underwriters the Shares to be sold and delivered by such Selling
Shareholders pursuant to this Agreement at the First Closing Date, then the
Underwriters shall have the right, by written notice from the Representatives to
the Company and the Selling Shareholders, to postpone the First Closing Date but
in no event for longer than seven days in order that the required changes, if
any, to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any other documents or
arrangements may be effected.
Section 16. General Provisions. This Agreement constitutes the entire
agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or
oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations
with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executed in two
or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same
effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.
This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the
parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived
unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit.
The Table of Contents and the Section headings herein are for the convenience of
the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this
Agreement.
[The remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank.]
31
<PAGE>
If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement,
please sign and return to the Company the enclosed copies hereof, whereupon this
instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement
in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS INC.
By: _____________________________________
Name:
Title:
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
By: _____________________________________
Name:
Attorney-in-fact for the Selling
Shareholders named in Schedule B
hereto
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by
the Representatives as of the date first above written.
FLEETBOSTON ROBERTSON STEPHENS INC.
CHASE SECURITIES INC.
DAIN RAUSCHER INCORPORATED
SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC.
On their behalf and on behalf of each of the several underwriters named in
Schedule A hereto.
By FLEETBOSTON ROBERTSON STEPHENS INC.
By: ______________________________________
Mitch Whiteford
32
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE A
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Firm Common Shares To be
Underwriters Purchased
- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
<S> <C>
FLEETBOSTON ROBERTSON STEPHENS INC.............................................. 2,472,500
CHASE SECURITIES INC............................................................ 1,351,250
DAIN RAUSCHER INCORPORATED...................................................... 1,351,250
SOUNDVIEW TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC................................................. 575,000
................................................................................
Total.................................................................. 5,750,000
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
SCHEDULE B
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Firm
Principal Selling Shareholder Shares to be Sold
- - -------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------
<S> <C>
Umang Gupta................................................... 125,000
Roger Higgins................................................. 200,000
Donald Aoki................................................... 4,500
Lloyd Taylor.................................................. 37,500
John Flavio................................................... 20,000
Thomas Roll................................................... 35,000
Marlene Williamson............................................ 1,500
Total................................................ 423,500
</TABLE>
34
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of Firm
Other Selling Shareholder Shares to be Sold
- - --------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------
<S> <C>
Entities and individuals associated with Wheatley Partners II, L.P... 600,000
Entities associated with Bessemer Venture Partners................... 534,480
VeriSign, Inc........................................................ 340,336
GE Capital Equity Investments, Inc................................... 316,742
David Bernard........................................................ 12,000
Entities and individuals associated with Gerald S. Casilli........... 367,908
Comdisco, Inc........................................................ 186,754
Catherine Cranston Melbye............................................ 3,000
Jason Cranston....................................................... 3,000
John T. Cranston..................................................... 11,000
John T. Cranston, Jr................................................. 10,000
Riley Cranston....................................................... 3,000
Cranston Company..................................................... 20,000
Dalewood Associates, L.P............................................. 65,000
F&W Investments 1997 and 1998........................................ 13,122
Guoqiang Ge.......................................................... 18,000
Robert Gladstone..................................................... 20,000
Roger Gladstone...................................................... 20,000
Eric Hamer........................................................... 5,000
Theodore Horwitz..................................................... 2,000
David E. Kratter..................................................... 70,000
Mark E. Kratter...................................................... 14,000
Matthew R. Kratter................................................... 14,000
Jin Liu.............................................................. 625
Magnuson Revocable Trust dated 1/24/94,
Richard P. and Amy C. Magnuson, trustees........................... 30,000
Adam R. Mckee........................................................ 8,000
Frederick L. Mueller................................................. 20,658
David Nussbaum....................................................... 15,000
Olive Hill Investment Partners, L.P.................................. 150,000
Glenn E. Penisten.................................................... 119,048
Amy Pierce........................................................... 1,875
</TABLE>
35
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Andrew Popell........................................................ 83,334
Michael Siffin....................................................... 3,300
William E. Steele.................................................... 25,455
Samuel Urcis......................................................... 119,047
Venture Lending & Leasing, Inc....................................... 52,020
Venture Lending & Leasing II, Inc.................................... 46,796
Sofia Yeung.......................................................... 2,000
Total....................................................... 3,326,500
</TABLE>
36
<PAGE>
Exhibit A
Lock-Up Agreement
A-1
<PAGE>
LOCK-UP AGREEMENT
__________________, 2000
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens
[-------------------]
[-------------------]
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters
555 California Street
San Francisco, CA 94104
Ladies and Gentlemen:
The undersigned understands that you, as Representatives of the several
underwriters (the "Underwriters"), propose to enter into an Underwriting
Agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") with Keynote Systems, Inc. (the
"Company") providing for the public offering (the "Public Offering") by the
Underwriters, including yourselves, of Common Stock of the Company (the "Common
Stock") pursuant to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about [________], 2000 (the
"Registration Statement").
In consideration of the Underwriters' agreement to purchase and make the
Public Offering of the Common Stock, and for other good and valuable
consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby
agrees, for a period of 90 days after the effective date of the Registration
Statement (the "Lock-Up Period"), not to offer to sell, contract to sell or
otherwise sell, dispose of, loan, pledge or grant any rights with respect to
(collectively, a "Disposition") any shares of Common Stock, any options or
warrants to purchase any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible
into or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock (collectively, "Securities"),
now owned or hereafter acquired directly by the undersigned or with respect to
which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition,
otherwise than (i) as a bona fide gift or gifts, provided the donee or donees
thereof agree to be bound by this Lock-Up Agreement, (ii) as a distribution to
limited partners or shareholders of the undersigned, provided that the
distributees thereof agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Lock-Up
Agreement or (iii) with the prior written consent of FleetBoston Robertson
Stephens. The foregoing restriction is expressly agreed to preclude the holder
of the Securities from engaging in any hedging or other transaction which is
designed to or reasonably expected to lead to or result in a Disposition of
Securities during the Lock-Up Period even if such Securities would be disposed
of by someone other than the undersigned. Such prohibited hedging or other
transactions would include without limitation any short sale (whether or not
against the box) or any purchase, sale or grant of any right (including without
limitation any put or call option) with respect to any Securities or with
respect to any security (other than a broad-based market basket or index) that
includes, relates to or derives any significant part of its value from
Securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Lock-Up Agreement does not
prohibit the sale of shares of the Common Stock by the undersigned to the
Underwriters in the Public Offering.
A-2
<PAGE>
Furthermore, the undersigned hereby agrees and consents to the entry of
stop transfer instructions with the Company's transfer agent against the
transfer of the Securities held by the undersigned except in compliance with
this Lock-Up Agreement. In the event that the Registration Statement shall not
have been declared effective on or before September 30, 2000 this Lock-Up
Agreement shall be of no further force or effect.
Very truly yours,
------------------------------------
(signature)
Name:
------------------------------
Address
----------------------------
----------------------------
Accepted as of the date first set forth
above:
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens
[---------------]
[---------------]
As Representatives of the Several
Underwriters
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens
By:
---------------------------------
Name:
----------------------------
The Company requests that this Lock-Up Agreement be completed and delivered to
underwriters' counsel, Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, Attn: Michael C. Doran.
A-3
<PAGE>
Exhibit B
Matters to be Covered in the Opinion of Company Counsel
(i) The Company [and each Significant Subsidiary (as that term is defined
in Regulation S-X of the Act) of the Company] has been duly incorporated
and is validly existing as corporation in good standing under the laws of
the jurisdiction of its incorporation;
(ii) The Company [and each Significant Subsidiary of the Company] has the
corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and
to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus;
(iii) The Company [and each Significant Subsidiary of the Company] is duly
qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing
in each jurisdiction, if any, in which the ownership or leasing of its
properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification,
except where the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would
not have a Material Adverse Effect. To such counsel's knowledge, the
Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation,
association or other entity other than [list subsidiaries];
(iv) The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company
is as set forth in the Prospectus under the caption "Capitalization" as of
the dates stated therein, the issued and outstanding shares of capital
stock of the Company outstanding prior to the issuance of the Shares have
been duly and validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and, to
such counsel's knowledge, will not have been issued in violation of or
subject to any preemptive right arising under the certificate of
incorporation or California General Corporation Law, co-sale right, right
of first refusal or other similar right other than any registration rights
described in Opinion (xix) hereof;
(v) All issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each
Significant Subsidiary of the Company have been duly authorized and validly
issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and, to such counsel's
knowledge, have not been issued in violation of or subject to any
preemptive certificate of incorporation or California General Corporation
Law, co-sale right, right of first refusal or other similar right, other
than any registration rights described in Opinion (xix) hereof and are
owned by the Company free and clear of any pledge, lien, security interest,
encumbrance, claim or equitable interest;
(vi) The Firm Shares or the Option Shares, as the case may be, to be
issued by the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement have been
duly authorized and, upon issuance and delivery against payment therefor in
accordance with the terms hereof, will be duly and validly issued and fully
paid and nonassessable, and will not have been issued in violation of or
subject to any preemptive right, co-sale right, right of first refusal or
other similar right other than any registration rights described in Opinion
(xix) hereof, contained in the Company's articles of incorporation or
Bylaws or California law, or, to our knowledge, otherwise.
(vii) The Company has the corporate power and corporate authority to enter
into this Agreement and to issue, sell and deliver to the Underwriters the
Shares to be issued and sold by it hereunder;
B-1
<PAGE>
(viii) This Agreement has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate
action on the part of the Company and has been duly executed and delivered
by the Company and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by
you, is a valid and binding agreement of the Company, enforceable in
accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification hereunder
may be limited by applicable law and except as enforceability may be
limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar
laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights generally or by general
equitable principles (whether relief is sought in a proceeding at law or in
equity);
(ix) Based solely upon oral advice from the Commission Staff, the
Registration Statement has become effective under the Act and, to such
counsel's knowledge, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose
have been instituted or are pending or threatened under the Securities Act;
(x) The Firm Shares and the Option Shares have been validly registered
under the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations of the Exchange Act
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder;
(xi) The Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and each amendment or
supplement thereto (other than the financial statements (including
supporting schedules) and financial data therein as to which such counsel
need express no opinion), as of the effective date of the Registration
Statement, complied as to form in all material respects with the
requirements of the Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations;
(xii) The information in the Prospectus under the caption "Description of
Capital Stock," to the extent that it constitutes matters of law or legal
conclusions, has been reviewed by such counsel and is a fair summary of
such matters and conclusions; and the forms of certificates evidencing the
Common Stock have been filed or incorporated by reference as exhibits to
the Registration Statement comply with California law;
(xiii) The description in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus of
the charter and bylaws of the Company and of statutes are accurate and
fairly present the information required to be presented by the Securities
Act;
(xiv) To such counsel's knowledge, there are no agreements, contracts,
leases or documents to which the Company is a party of a character required
to be described or referred to in the Registration Statement or Prospectus
or to be filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement which are not
described or referred to therein or filed as required;
(xv) The performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the
transactions provided for herein (other than performance of the Company's
indemnification obligations hereunder, concerning which no opinion need be
expressed) do not (a) result in any violation of the Company's charter or
bylaws or (b) to such counsel's knowledge, result in a material breach or
violation of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a default
under, any bond, debenture, note or other evidence of indebtedness, or any
lease, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, joint
venture or other agreement or instrument filed or incorporated as an
exhibit to the Registration Statement, or any applicable statute, rule or
regulation known to such counsel or, to such counsel's knowledge, any
order, writ or decree of any court, government or
B-2
<PAGE>
governmental agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company, or over
any of its properties or operations;
(xvi) No consent, approval, authorization or order of or qualification
with any U.S. federal or California state court, government or governmental
agency or body having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, or over any of their properties or operations is necessary in
connection with the consummation by the Company of the transactions herein
contemplated, except (i) such as have been obtained under the Securities
Act, (ii) such as may be required under state or other securities or Blue
Sky laws in connection with the purchase and the distribution of the Shares
by the Underwriters, (iii) such as may be required by the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. and (iv) such as may be required
under the federal or provincial laws of Canada;
(xvii) To such counsel's knowledge, there are no legal or governmental
proceedings pending or threatened against the Company or any of its
subsidiaries of a character required to be disclosed in the Registration
Statement or the Prospectus by the Securities Act, other than those
described therein;
(xviii) To such counsel's knowledge, neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries is presently (a) in material violation of its respective
charter or bylaws, or (b) in material breach of any applicable statute,
rule or regulation known to such counsel or, to such counsel's knowledge,
any order, writ or decree of any court or governmental agency or body
having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or over
any of their properties or operations; and
(xix) To such counsel's knowledge, except as set forth in the
Registration Statement and Prospectus no holders of Company Shares or other
securities of the Company have registration rights with respect to
securities of the Company and, except as set forth in the Registration
Statement and Prospectus, all holders of securities of the Company having
rights known to such counsel to registration of such shares of Company
Shares or other securities, because of the filing of the Registration
Statement by the Company have, with respect to the offering contemplated
thereby, waived such rights or such rights have expired by reason of lapse
of time following notification of the Company's intent to file the
Registration Statement or have included securities in the Registration
Statement pursuant to the exercise of and in full satisfaction of such
rights.
(xx) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and the
sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described
in the Prospectus, will not be, an "investment company" as such term is
defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(xxi) To such counsel's knowledge, the Company has not received any
notice of infringement or conflict with asserted Intellectual Property
Rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the subject of an
unfavorable decision, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxii) In addition, such counsel shall state that such counsel has
participated in conferences with officials and other representatives of the
Company, the Representatives, Underwriters' Counsel and the independent
certified public accountants of the Company, at which such conferences the
contents of the Registration
B-3
<PAGE>
Statement and Prospectus and related matters were discussed, and although
they have not verified the accuracy or completeness of the statements
contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, nothing has come
to the attention of such counsel which leads them to believe that, at the
time the Registration Statement became effective and at all times
subsequent thereto up to and on the First Closing Date or Second Closing
Date, as the case may be, the Registration Statement and any amendment or
supplement thereto (other than the financial statements including
supporting schedules and other financial and statistical information
derived therefrom, as to which such counsel need express no comment)
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, or at the First Closing Date or the
Second Closing Date, as the case may be, the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto (except as aforesaid)
contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
B-4
<PAGE>
Exhibit C
Matters to be Covered in the Opinion of Underwriters' Counsel
(i) The Firm Shares have been duly authorized and, upon issuance and
delivery and payment therefor in accordance with the terms of the
Underwriting Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-
assessable.
(ii) The Registration Statement complied as to form in all material
respects with the requirements of the Act; the Registration Statement has
become effective under the Act and, to such counsel's knowledge, no stop
order proceedings with respect thereto have been instituted or threatened
or are pending under the Securities Act.
(iii) The 8-A Registration Statement complied as to form in all material
respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act; the 8-A Registration
Statement has become effective under the Exchange Act; and the Firm Shares
or the Option Shares have been validly registered under the Securities Act
and the Rules and Regulations of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules
and regulations of the Commission thereunder;
(iv) The Underwriting Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by the Company.
Such counsel shall state that such counsel has reviewed the opinions
addressed to the Representatives from Fenwick & West, LLP, each dated the date
hereof, and furnished to you in accordance with the provisions of the
Underwriting Agreement. Such opinion appears on its face to be appropriately
responsive to the requirements of the Underwriting Agreement.
In addition, such counsel shall state that such counsel has participated in
conferences with officials and other representatives of the Company, the
Representatives, Underwriters' Counsel and the independent certified public
accountants of the Company, at which such conferences the contents of the
Registration Statement and Prospectus and related matters were discussed, and
although they have not verified the accuracy or completeness of the statements
contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, nothing has come to
the attention of such counsel which leads them to believe that, at the time the
Registration Statement became effective and at all times subsequent thereto up
to and on the First Closing Date or Second Closing Date, as the case may be, the
Registration Statement and any amendment or supplement thereto (other than the
financial statements including supporting schedules and other financial and
statistical information derived therefrom, as to which such counsel need express
no comment) contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, or at the First Closing Date or the Second
Closing Date, as the case may be, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and
any amendment or supplement thereto (except as aforesaid) contained any untrue
statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to
make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading.
C-1
<PAGE>
Exhibit D
Matters to be Covered in the Opinion of Selling Shareholders' Counsel
(i) The Underwriting Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and
delivered by or on behalf of, and is a valid and binding agreement of, each
Selling Shareholder, enforceable against each such Selling Shareholder in
accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification thereunder
may be limited by applicable law and except as the enforcement thereof may
be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other
similar laws relating to or affecting creditors' rights generally or by
general equitable principles.
(ii) The execution and delivery by each Selling Shareholder which is not
a natural person of, and the performance by each Selling Shareholder of its
obligations under, the Underwriting Agreement and its Custody Agreement and
its Power of Attorney do not contravene or conflict with, result in a
breach of, or constitute a default under, the charter or by-laws,
partnership agreement, trust agreement or other organization documents, as
the case may be, of such Selling Shareholder, or, to the best of such
counsel's knowledge, violate, result in a breach of or constitute a default
under the terms of any other agreement or instrument to which such Selling
Shareholder is a party or by which it is bound, or any judgement, order or
decree applicable to such Selling Shareholder of any court, regulatory
body, administrative agency, governmental body or arbitrator having
jurisdiction over such Selling Shareholder.
(iii) Each Selling Shareholder has the legal right and power, and all
authorization and approvals required to enter into the Underwriting
Agreement and its Custody Agreement and its Power of Attorney, to sell,
transfer and deliver all of the Common Shares which may be sold by such
Selling Shareholder under the Underwriting Agreement and to comply with its
other obligations under the Underwriting Agreement, its Custody Agreement
and its Power of Attorney.
(iv) Each of the Custody Agreement and Power of Attorney of each Selling
Shareholder has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such
Selling Shareholder and is a valid and binding agreement of such Selling
Shareholder, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as the
enforcement thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting
creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles.
(v) Assuming that the Underwriters purchase the Shares which are sold by
the Selling Shareholders pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement for value,
in good faith and without notice of any adverse claims, the delivery of
such Shares pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement will pass good and valid
title to such Shares, free and clear of any adverse claim (other than any
right, title or interest in or to the Shares granted by the Underwriters to
any person or entity in connection with the sale of the Shares under this
Agreement).
(vi) To the best of such counsel's knowledge, no consent, approval,
authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court
or governmental authority or agency, is required for the consummation by
each Selling Shareholder of the transactions contemplated in the
Underwriting Agreement, except as required under the
D-1
<PAGE>
Securities Act, applicable state securities or blue sky laws, and from the
National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.
D-2
