<PAGE>
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON MARCH 8, 2000
REGISTRATION NO. 333-96127
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------------------
AMENDMENT NO. 1
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------------------
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
DELAWARE 8731 94-3248524
(State or other jurisdiction (Primary Standard (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or Industrial Classification Identification No.)
organization) Code Number)
</TABLE>
240 EAST GRAND AVENUE
SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94080
(650) 624-1100
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
registrant's principal executive offices)
------------------------------
JAMES M. GOWER
PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
240 EAST GRAND AVENUE
SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94080
(650) 624-1100
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code,
of agent for service)
------------------------------
COPIES TO:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
PATRICK A. POHLEN, ESQ. RICHARD R. PLUMRIDGE, ESQ.
COOLEY GODWARD LLP JEFF T. HARRIS, ESQ.
FIVE PALO ALTO SQUARE ARUN JHA, ESQ.
3000 EL CAMINO REAL BROBECK, PHLEGER & HARRISON LLP
PALO ALTO, CA 94306-2155 370 INTERLOCKEN BLVD., SUITE 500
(650) 843-5000 BROOMFIELD, CO 80021
(303) 410-2000
</TABLE>
------------------------------
APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE AFTER THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT BECOMES EFFECTIVE.
------------------------------
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a
delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), check the following box. / /
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant
to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. / /
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under
the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
number for the same offering. / /
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under
the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. / /
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check
the following box. / /
------------------------------
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PROPOSED MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF
AMOUNT TO BE OFFERING PRICE PROPOSED MAXIMUM REGISTRATION
TITLE OF SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED REGISTERED(1) PER UNIT(2) OFFERING PRICE(1)(2) FEE(3)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Common Stock, par value $.001............... 10,350,000 $12.00 $124,200,000 $32,788.80
</TABLE>
(1) Includes 1,350,000 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the
underwriters' over-allotment option.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the
registration fee in accordance with Rule 457 under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended.
(3) $26,400.00 was previously paid.
------------------------------
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(a) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID
SECTION 8(a), MAY DETERMINE.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY
NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER
TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND WE ARE NOT SOLICITING OFFERS TO BUY.
<PAGE>
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION MARCH 8, 2000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9,000,000 SHARES
[LOGO]
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
COMMON STOCK
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is an initial public offering of shares of our common stock. No public
market currently exists for our common stock. We expect the public offering
price to be between $10.00 and $12.00 per share.
We applied to have our common stock listed on the Nasdaq National Market under
the symbol "RIGL."
Before buying any shares you should read the discussion of material risks of
investing in our common stock in "Risk factors" beginning on page 5.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this
prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PER SHARE TOTAL
<S> <C> <C>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PUBLIC OFFERING PRICE $ $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDERWRITING DISCOUNT AND COMMISSIONS $ $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROCEEDS, BEFORE EXPENSES, TO RIGEL $ $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The underwriters may also purchase up to 1,350,000 shares of common stock from
us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and
commissions, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. This option may be
exercised only to cover over-allotments, if any. If the option is exercised in
full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions will be $ , and the
total proceeds, before expenses, to Rigel will be $ .
Delivery of the shares will be made on or about .
WARBURG DILLON READ LLC
ROBERTSON STEPHENS
PRUDENTIAL VECTOR HEALTHCARE
A UNIT OF PRUDENTIAL SECURITIES
<PAGE>
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This registration statement contains two forms of the prospectus front cover
page and two versions of the initial page of the "Underwriting" section:
(a) one to be used in connection with an offering in the United States and
Canada and (b) one to be used in connection with a concurrent offering outside
of the United States and Canada. The U.S. prospectus and the international
prospectus are otherwise identical in all respects. The international versions
of the front cover page and the initial page to the Underwriting section are
included immediately before Part II of this registration statement.
<PAGE>
Inside Front Cover Graphic
Description: Rigel logo.
Inside Gatefold Graphic
Title: Rigel Technology: Rigel's technologies identify and validate the causal
role of protein molecules which regulate disease processes in cells and
can lead to the development of drugs.
Description: A schematic diagram of the drug discovery process using Rigel
technologies.
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Until , 2000 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all
dealers selling shares of our common stock, whether or not participating in this
offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is
in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as
underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Prospectus summary..................... 1
The offering........................... 3
Summary financial and operating data... 4
Risk factors........................... 5
Forward-looking information............ 17
Use of proceeds........................ 18
Dividend policy........................ 18
Capitalization......................... 19
Dilution............................... 20
Selected financial data................ 21
Management's discussion and analysis of
financial condition and results of
operations........................... 23
Business............................... 28
Management............................. 47
Related party transactions............. 60
Principal stockholders................. 62
Description of securities.............. 64
Shares eligible for future sale........ 68
Underwriting........................... 70
Legal matters.......................... 71
Experts................................ 72
Where you can find more information.... 72
Index to financial statements.......... F-1
</TABLE>
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Rigel" and the Rigel logo are trademarks of Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Other
trademarks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of
their holders.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. You
should read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing
in our common stock discussed under "Risk factors." Our principal executive
offices are located at 240 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California
94080. Our telephone number is (650) 624-1100. Our website is
http://www.rigel.com. The information found on our website is not a part of this
prospectus.
OUR BUSINESS
We are a post-genomics combinatorial biology company. A post-genomics
combinatorial biology company is one which tries to identify molecules which
play an important role in regulating a human cell's response to disease by
testing a very large number of proteins in a very large number of cells to
determine which will change the cell's response to the disease. Our approach
provides a new and faster way to find those molecules and to confirm or validate
the role of those molecules in disease without first knowing the identity or
sequence of the genes involved. We can identify those protein molecules that may
be targeted for finding drugs by creating a disease-like setting that can detect
a change in the cellular response. By creating a map of these protein molecules
and their interactions in cells that are involved in a disease process, we can
select protein targets for drug development that are specific to the diseases we
study and reduce the probability of selecting protein targets leading to drugs
that produce side effects. After selecting these targets, we continue drug
development with the goal of developing small molecule drugs. Small molecule
drugs are small chemical compounds which provide the advantage that they can
generally be administered orally. In our first three years of research, we have
succeeded in identifying 15 new drug targets in seven of our nine programs and
have generated compounds which are candidates for preclinical trials in three of
our programs. We currently have programs in asthma/allergy, autoimmune disease,
transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis/ inflammatory bowel disease, and
tumor growth. We have multi-year collaborations with Cell Genesys, Janssen,
Novartis and Pfizer. In addition we have collaborated with Neurocrine in order
to obtain rights to small chemical compounds.
THE PROBLEM
Pharmaceutical companies face enormous pressure to develop drugs that act on
previously unknown targets within cells. Despite revolutionary advances made in
molecular biology and genomics, only approximately 500 out of thousands of
possible targets have been identified, and there has been no efficient way to
identify additional appropriate targets for drug development. Efforts to
sequence the human genome have generated huge amounts of fundamentally important
genetic information, and functional genomic efforts have provided interesting
information about which particular genes are associated with particular disease
conditions. However, neither has been able to utilize this information to
identify protein drug targets quickly and systematically, or to increase the
probability of discovering new drug candidates. The result is a shortage of
possible drug targets with limited tools to determine which new targets should
be pursued.
OUR SOLUTION
We bypass the need to know the identity or sequence of genes in order to
discover new drug targets. We have developed two technologies which we believe
provide us with an enhanced ability to identify new drug targets for drug
discovery rapidly and efficiently.
Our technology uses retroviruses to introduce up to 100 million different
proteins into normal or diseased cells, stimulates the cells to induce a
disease-like behavioral response, and sorts the cells at a rate of up to 60,000
cells per second to collect data on up to 5 different parameters which means
that
1
<PAGE>
a sort of 100 million cells can be completed in approximately half an hour. By
analyzing the approximately 500 million resulting data points, we can rapidly
identify those few cells containing a protein that interacts with a protein
target in a way that causes a cell to change its behavior from diseased back to
normal. We believe we can identify the relatively few targets useful for
identifying new drugs and initially validate them in the context of a
disease-specific cellular response.
Our technology also enables us to map interactions between proteins, identify
specific proteins which bind with other proteins, and select targets for drug
development that are specific to the disease we are seeking to affect, avoiding
targets that have a role in other diseases or cells. As a result of mapping the
interactions of proteins in cells, we establish comprehensive sets of these
interactions, referred to as pathways, which carry the information or signals
necessary to regulate both diseased and normal cells.
We believe that our technology has a number of advantages: improved target
identification; rapid validation of protein targets; improved pathway mapping;
better informed target selection; more efficient compound screening; and reduced
risk of failure in the drug development process.
OUR STRATEGY
Our strategy is to develop a portfolio of many drug candidates, out-license drug
candidates at a relatively late stage of development, and focus on diseases that
represent large unmet medical needs. Also, we will focus on developing small
molecule drugs delivered to protein targets within cells and establish strategic
collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to enhance
product development and commercialization. We structure our collaboration
agreements to permit multiple collaborations in each disease area by focusing on
disease pathways and targets.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
We currently have six product development programs in immune disorders and three
in cancer:
IMMUNE DISORDERS
ASTHMA/ALLERGY. IgE is a class of antibody which plays an important role in the
body's immune system. We have identified compounds that inhibit the role IgE
plays in the secretion from mast cells of factors which cause inflammation,
which will enter preclinical studies in animal models. In our second program we
have identified a novel drug target that regulates the production of IgE in B
cells and a preclinical compound in this program.
AUTOIMMUNITY & TRANSPLANT REJECTION. These programs seek selective and specific
immune system therapeutics which do not negatively affect the protective
activities of the immune system. We have identified novel drug targets in
T cells and B cells.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS & INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. We are characterizing and
developing specific inhibitors of protein-degrading enzymes, named E-3 ubiquitin
ligases, and have identified preclinical compounds for preclinical testing. We
also seek to block the inflammatory signals associated with tumor necrosis
factor-alpha pathway. We have identified and validated several novel members of
this signaling pathway.
CANCER
TUMOR GROWTH. We have identified and validated two targets which will enter
small molecule compound screening for compounds in our program for cell cycle
checkpoint control, a process which regulates cell proliferation. We have also
identified several compounds which are potent and non-toxic inhibitors of E-3
ubiquitin ligases. We are also identifying drug targets in the pathway
associated with angiogenesis, a process of blood vessel formation.
2
<PAGE>
THE OFFERING
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Common Stock offered by us................... 9,000,000 shares
Common Stock to be outstanding after the
offering................................... 37,617,141 shares
Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol....... RIGL
Use of proceeds.............................. For research and development activities, for
financing possible acquisitions and
investments in technology, for possibly
expanding our facilities as well as for
working capital and general corporate
purposes.
</TABLE>
Except as otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus:
- - excludes 5,242,004 shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding
as of December 31, 1999, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.19 per
share;
- - excludes 647,498 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants as of
December 31, 1999, at a weighted average exercise price of $1.30 per share;
- - excludes 3,694,662 additional shares available for future grant as of
December 31, 1999, of which options to purchase 1,011,599 shares of common
stock were granted in January 2000 and on February 1, 2000 under our equity
incentive plan; 100,000 shares of common stock issued in January 2000 under
our equity incentive plan; an additional 400,000 shares made available under
our employee stock purchase plan; and 300,000 shares made available under
our non-employee directors' stock option plan;
- - assumes the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of our preferred
stock into common stock on a one-to-one basis, including both the conversion
of 2,508,330 outstanding shares of our preferred stock sold on February 3,
2000, at a price of $6.00 per share, and the conversion of 50,000 shares of
our preferred stock issued in exchange for a license for technology, upon
the closing of this offering; and
- - assumes the sale of 909,090 shares of common stock in a private placement
concurrent with closing of this initial public offering at an assumed price
of $11.00 per share.
The number of shares of common stock outstanding after this offering is based on
shares outstanding as of December 31, 1999.
3
<PAGE>
SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA
The following tables summarize our financial data. The pro forma information
contained in the statements of operations data gives effect to the automatic
conversion of all convertible preferred stock into common stock upon the
completion of this offering. The pro forma balance sheet data reflects the sale
of 2,508,330 shares of preferred stock on February 3, 2000 at a price of $6.00
per share, less expenses, the issuance of 50,000 shares of preferred stock for a
technology license, the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of
preferred stock into common stock on a one-to-one basis upon the closing of this
offering, and the sale of 909,090 shares of common stock concurrent with the
closing of this initial public offering at an assumed price of $11.00 per share.
The pro forma as adjusted balance sheet data reflects the automatic conversion
of our preferred stock into common stock on a one-to-one basis and the sale of
9,000,000 shares of our common stock at an assumed price to the public of $11.00
per share, after deducting the underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated
offering expenses payable by us.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD FROM
INCEPTION
(JUNE 14, 1996)
TO
DECEMBER 31, YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1996 1997 1998 1999
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(UNAUDITED)
Contract revenues from collaborations....... $-- $-- $28 $8,984
Total operating expenses.................... 133 5,601 10,522 21,064
--------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss.................................... (133) (5,516) (10,604) (12,366)
========= ============ ============ ============
Net loss per share, basic and diluted....... $(0.12) $(2.20) $(4.01) $(4.39)
========= ============ ============ ============
Weighted average shares used in computing
net loss per share, basic and diluted..... 1,089 2,512 2,643 2,818
Pro forma net loss per share, basic and
diluted................................... $(0.52)
============
Shares used in computing pro forma net loss
per share, basic and diluted.............. 23,996
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1999
PRO FORMA AS
ACTUAL PRO FORMA ADJUSTED
<S> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA (IN THOUSANDS)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents............................. $5,836 $30,836 $121,906
Working capital (deficit)............................. (990) 24,010 115,080
Total assets.......................................... 17,169 42,169 133,239
Capital lease obligations, less current portion....... 5,478 5,478 5,478
Deferred stock compensation........................... (5,814) (5,814) (5,814)
Accumulated deficit................................... (28,619) (28,919) (28,919)
Total stockholders' equity............................ 756 25,756 116,826
</TABLE>
4
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RISK FACTORS
AN INVESTMENT IN OUR COMMON STOCK IS RISKY. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE
FOLLOWING RISKS, AS WELL AS THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS.
IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING RISKS ACTUALLY OCCURS, OUR BUSINESS COULD BE HARMED. IN
THAT CASE, THE TRADING PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK COULD DECLINE AND YOU MIGHT
LOSE ALL OR PART OF YOUR INVESTMENT.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
OUR SUCCESS AS A COMPANY IS UNCERTAIN DUE TO OUR LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY, OUR
HISTORY OF OPERATING LOSSES, AND THE UNCERTAINTY OF FUTURE PROFITABILITY.
Due in large part to the significant research and development expenditures
required to identify and validate new drug candidates, we have not been
profitable and have generated operating losses since we were incorporated in
June 1996. Currently, our revenues are generated solely from research payments
from our collaboration agreements and licenses and are insufficient to generate
profitable operations. As of December 31, 1999, we had an accumulated deficit of
approximately $28.6 million. We expect to incur losses for at least the next
several years and expect that these losses will actually increase as we expand
our research and development activities, incur significant clinical and testing
costs and possibly expand our facilities. Moreover, our losses are expected to
continue even if our current research projects are able to successfully identify
potential drug targets. If the time required to generate revenues and achieve
profitability is longer than anticipated or if we are unable to obtain necessary
capital, we may not be able to fund and continue our operations.
BECAUSE MOST OF OUR EXPECTED FUTURE REVENUES ARE CONTINGENT UPON COLLABORATIVE
AND LICENSE AGREEMENTS, WE MIGHT NOT MEET OUR STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES.
Our ability to generate revenues in the near term depends on our ability to
enter into additional collaborative agreements with third parties and to
maintain the agreements we currently have in place. To date, all of our revenue
has been related to the research phase of each of our collaborative agreements,
which is for specified periods and is partially offset by corresponding research
costs. Following the completion of the research phase of each collaborative
agreement, additional revenue may come only from milestone payments and
royalties, which may not be paid, if at all, until some time well into the
future. The risk is heightened due to the fact that unsuccessful research
efforts may preclude us from receiving any contingent funding under these
agreements. Our receipt of revenue from collaborative arrangements is also
significantly affected by the timing of efforts expended by us and our
collaborators and the timing of lead compound identification. Under many
agreements, milestone payments may not be earned until the collaborator has
advanced products into clinical testing, which may never occur or not until some
time well into the future.
Our business plan contemplates that we will need to generate meaningful revenues
from royalties and licensing agreements. To date, we have not yet received any
revenue from royalties for the sale of commercial drugs, and we do not know when
we will receive any such revenue, if at all. Likewise, we have not licensed any
lead compounds or drug development candidates to third parties, and we do not
know whether any such license will be entered into on acceptable terms in the
future, if at all.
We are unable to predict when, or if, we will become profitable and even if we
are able to achieve profitability at any point in time, we do not know if our
operations will be able to maintain profitability during any future periods.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
THERE IS A HIGH RISK THAT EARLY-STAGE DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT MIGHT NOT
SUCCESSFULLY GENERATE GOOD DRUG CANDIDATES.
At the present time, our operations are in the early stages of drug
identification and development. To date, we have only identified a few potential
drug compounds, all of which are still in very early stages of development and
have not yet been put into preclinical or clinical testing. It is statistically
unlikely that the few compounds that we have identified as potential drug
candidates will actually lead to successful drug development efforts and we do
not expect any drugs resulting from our research to be commercially available
for several years, if at all. Our leads for potential drug compounds will be
subject to the risks and failures inherent in the development of pharmaceutical
products based on new technologies. These risks include, but are not limited to,
the inherent difficulty in selecting the right drug target and avoiding unwanted
side effects as well as the unanticipated problems relating to product
development, testing, regulatory compliance, manufacturing, marketing and
competition, and additional costs and expenses that may exceed current
estimates.
WE MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO COMMERCIALIZE OUR DRUG CANDIDATES SUCCESSFULLY IF
PROBLEMS ARISE IN THE TESTING AND APPROVAL PROCESS.
Commercialization of our product candidates depends upon successful completion
of preclinical studies and clinical trials. Preclinical testing and clinical
development are long, expensive and uncertain processes and we do not know
whether we, or any of our collaborative partners, will be permitted to undertake
clinical trials of any potential products. It may take us or our collaborative
partners several years to complete any such testing, and failure can occur at
any stage of testing. Interim results of trials do not necessarily predict final
results, and acceptable results in early trials may not be repeated in later
trials. A number of companies in the pharmaceutical industry, including
biotechnology companies, have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical
trials, even after promising results in earlier trials. Moreover, if and when
our projects reach clinical trials, we or our collaborative partners may decide
to discontinue development of any or all of these projects at any time for
commercial, scientific or other reasons. There is also a risk that competitors
and third parties may develop similar or superior products or have proprietary
rights that preclude us from ultimately marketing our products, as well as the
potential risk that our products may not be accepted by the marketplace.
IF OUR CURRENT CORPORATE COLLABORATIONS OR LICENSE AGREEMENTS ARE UNSUCCESSFUL
OR IF CONFLICTS DEVELOP WITH THESE RELATIONSHIPS, OUR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
EFFORTS COULD BE DELAYED.
Our strategy depends upon the formation and sustainability of multiple
collaborative arrangements and license agreements with third parties in the
future. We rely on these arrangements for not only financial resources, but also
for expertise that we expect to need in the future relating to manufacturing,
sales and marketing, and for licenses to technology rights. To date, we have
entered into five such arrangements with corporate collaborators; however, we do
not know if such third parties will dedicate sufficient resources or if any such
development or commercialization efforts by third parties will be successful.
Should a collaborative partner fail to develop or commercialize a compound or
product to which it has rights from us, we may not receive any future milestone
payments and will not receive any royalties associated with such compound or
product. In addition, the continuation of some of our partnered drug discovery
and development programs may be dependent on the periodic renewal of our
corporate collaborations. Our corporate collaboration
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
agreements may terminate before the full term of the collaborations or upon a
breach or a change of control. We may not be able to renew these collaborations
on acceptable terms, if at all, or negotiate additional corporate collaborations
on acceptable terms, if at all.
We are also a party to various license agreements that give us rights to use
specified technologies in our research and development processes. The agreements
pursuant to which we have in-licensed technology permit our licensors to
terminate the agreements under certain circumstances. If we are not able to
continue to license these and future technologies on commercially reasonable
terms, our product development and research may be delayed.
Conflicts might also arise with respect to our various relationships with third
parties. If any of our corporate collaborators were to breach or terminate their
agreement with us or otherwise fail to conduct the collaborative activities
successfully and in a timely manner, the preclinical or clinical development or
commercialization of the affected product candidates or research programs could
be delayed or terminated. We generally do not control the amount and timing of
resources that our corporate collaborators devote to our programs or potential
products. We do not know whether current or future collaborative partners, if
any, might pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products
either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors,
as a means for developing treatments for the diseases targeted by collaborative
arrangements with us. Conflicts also might arise with collaborative partners
concerning proprietary rights to particular compounds. While our existing
collaborative agreements typically provide that we retain milestone payments and
royalty rights with respect to drugs developed from certain derivative
compounds, any such payments or royalty rights may be at reduced rates and
disputes may arise over the application of derivative payment provisions to such
drugs, and we may not be successful in such disputes.
IF WE FAIL TO ENTER INTO NEW COLLABORATIVE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE FUTURE, OUR
BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS WOULD BE NEGATIVELY IMPACTED.
Although we have established several collaborative arrangements and various
license agreements, we do not know if we will be able to establish additional
arrangements, or whether current or any future collaborative arrangements will
ultimately be successful. For example, there have been and may continue to be a
significant number of recent business combinations among large pharmaceutical
companies that have resulted and may continue to result in a reduced number of
potential future corporate collaborators, which may limit our ability to find
partners who will work with us in developing and commercializing our drug
targets. If business combinations involving our existing corporate collaborators
were to occur, the effect could be to diminish, terminate or cause delays in one
or more of our corporate collaborations.
WE WILL NEED ADDITIONAL CAPITAL IN THE FUTURE TO SUFFICIENTLY FUND OUR
OPERATIONS AND RESEARCH.
We will require additional financing in the future to fund our operations. Our
operations require significant additional funding in large part due to our
research and development expenses, future preclinical and clinical-testing
costs, the possibility of expanding our facilities, and the absence of any
meaningful revenues over the foreseeable future. The amount of future funds
needed will depend largely on the success of our collaborations and our research
activities and we do not know whether additional financing will be available
when needed, or that, if available, we will obtain financing on terms favorable
to our stockholders or us. We have consumed substantial amounts of capital to
date and operating expenditures are expected to increase over the next several
years as we expand our infrastructure and research and development activities.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We believe that the net proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to
support our current operating plan through at least the next 18 months.
Nonetheless, our future funding requirements will depend on many factors,
including, but not limited to:
- - any changes in the breadth of our research and development programs;
- - the results of research and development, preclinical studies and clinical
trials conducted by us or our collaborative partners or licensees, if any;
- - the acquisition or licensing of technologies or compounds, if any;
- - our ability to maintain and establish new corporate relationships and
research collaborations;
- - our ability to manage growth;
- - competing technological and market developments;
- - the time and costs involved in filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing
patent and intellectual property claims;
- - the receipt of contingent licensing or milestone fees from our current or
future collaborative and license arrangements, if established; and
- - the timing of regulatory approvals.
To the extent we raise additional capital by issuing equity securities, our
stockholders may experience substantial dilution. To the extent that we raise
additional funds through collaboration and licensing arrangements, we may be
required to relinquish some rights to our technologies or product candidates, or
grant licenses on terms that are not favorable to us. If adequate funds are not
available, we will not be able to continue developing our products.
OUR SUCCESS IS DEPENDENT ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS HELD BY US AND THIRD
PARTIES AND OUR INTEREST IN SUCH RIGHTS IS COMPLEX AND UNCERTAIN.
Our success will depend to a large part on our own, our licensees' and our
licensors' ability to obtain and defend patents for each party's respective
technologies and the compounds and other products, if any, resulting from the
application of such technologies. Although no patents have been issued to us as
of the date of this prospectus, we have numerous applications awaiting approval.
In the future, our patent position might be highly uncertain and involve complex
legal and factual questions. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of
claims allowed in biotechnology patents has emerged to date. Accordingly, we
cannot predict the breadth of claims allowed in our or other companies' patents.
The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is uncertain and we
cannot ensure that:
- - we were the first to make the inventions covered by each of our pending
patent applications;
- - we were the first to file patent applications for these inventions;
- - others will not independently develop similar or alternative technologies or
duplicate any of our technologies;
- - any of our pending patent applications will result in issued patents;
- - any patents issued to us or our collaborators will provide a basis for
commercially viable products or will provide us with any competitive
advantages or will not be challenged by third parties;
- - we will develop additional proprietary technologies that are patentable; or
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RISK FACTORS
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- - the patents of others will not have a negative effect on our ability to do
business.
We rely on trade secrets to protect technology where we believe patent
protection is not appropriate or obtainable. However, trade secrets are
difficult to protect. While we require employees, collaborators and consultants
to enter into confidentiality agreements, we may not be able to adequately
protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information in the event of any
unauthorized use or disclosure or the lawful development by others of such
information.
We are a party to certain in-license agreements which are important to our
business and we generally do not control the prosecution of in-licensed
technology. Accordingly, we are unable to exercise the same degree of control
over this intellectual property as we exercise over our internally developed
technology. Moreover, some of our academic institution licensors, research
collaborators and scientific advisors have rights to publish data and
information in which we have rights. If we cannot maintain the confidentiality
of our technology and other confidential information in connection with our
collaborations, then our ability to receive patent protection or protect our
proprietary information will be impaired. In addition, some of the technology we
have licensed relies on patented inventions developed using U.S. government
resources. The U.S. government retains certain rights, as defined by law, in
such patents, and may choose to exercise such rights.
For additional information concerning our intellectual property, see
"Business--Intellectual Property."
IF A DISPUTE ARISES REGARDING THE INFRINGEMENT OR MISAPPROPRIATION OF THE
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS OF OTHERS, SUCH DISPUTE COULD BE COSTLY AND RESULT IN DELAYS
IN OUR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.
Our success will also depend, in part, on our ability to operate without
infringing on or misappropriating the proprietary rights of others. There are
many issued patents and patent applications filed by third parties relating to
products or processes that are similar or identical to ours or our licensors,
and others may be filed in the future. There can be no assurance that our
activities, or those of our licensors, will not infringe patents owned by
others. We believe that there may be significant litigation in the industry
regarding patent and other intellectual property rights and we do not know if we
or our collaborators would be successful in any such litigation. Any legal
action against our collaborators or us claiming damages or seeking to enjoin
commercial activities relating to the affected products, our methods or
processes could:
- - require our collaborators or us to obtain a license to continue to use,
manufacture or market the affected products, methods or processes, which may
not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all;
- - prevent us from using the subject matter claimed in the patents held by
others;
- - subject us to potential liability for damages;
- - consume a substantial portion of our managerial and financial resources; and
- - result in litigation or administrative proceedings which may be costly,
whether we win or lose.
M&E Biotech A/S, a Danish biotechnology company, has notified us that it expects
to receive patent protection in European countries for a process similar to
certain aspects of our technologies. M&E has indicated a willingness to license
their intellectual property to us but has not specified the terms for the
license. We are currently reviewing their patent file and evaluating whether or
not to seek a license. In the event we desire to seek a license from M&E, we
cannot assure you that we could obtain a license on acceptable terms.
Furthermore, such failure might adversely impact our collaborations with
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RISK FACTORS
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European partners or may materially adversely affect our business in the
jurisdictions that may be covered by the patent protection. We are also aware
that M&E has the option to seek patent protection in other parts of the world,
including the U.S., for the technology of its European patent protection. If M&E
were to receive such patent protection, it might conflict with or overlap with
the patent rights we are pursuing. We currently do not, and do not plan to,
operate in any country outside the United States.
IF WE ARE UNABLE TO OBTAIN REGULATORY APPROVAL TO MARKET PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED
STATES AND FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS, WE MIGHT NOT BE PERMITTED TO COMMERCIALIZE
PRODUCTS FROM OUR RESEARCH.
Due, in part, to the early stage of our drug candidate research and development
process, we cannot predict whether regulatory clearance will be obtained for any
product we or our collaborative partners hope to develop. Satisfaction of
regulatory requirements typically takes many years, is dependent upon the type,
complexity and novelty of the product and requires the expenditure of
substantial resources. Of particular significance to us are the requirements
covering research and development, and testing.
Before commencing clinical trials in humans, we, or our collaborative partners,
will need to submit and receive approval from the FDA of an Investigational New
Drug application, or IND. If regulatory clearance of a product is granted, this
clearance will be limited to those disease states and conditions for which the
product is demonstrated through clinical trials to be safe and efficacious. We
cannot ensure that any compound developed by us, alone or with others, will
prove to be safe and efficacious in clinical trials and will meet all of the
applicable regulatory requirements needed to receive marketing clearance.
Outside the United States, our ability or that of our collaborative partners to
market a product is contingent upon receiving a marketing authorization from the
appropriate regulatory authorities. This foreign regulatory approval process
typically includes all of the risks associated with FDA clearance described
above and may also include additional risks.
For additional information concerning the regulatory approval process, see
"Business--Government Regulation."
WE MAY ENCOUNTER DIFFICULTIES IN MANAGING OUR GROWTH AND THESE DIFFICULTIES
COULD INCREASE OUR LOSSES.
We have experienced a period of rapid and substantial growth that has placed and
will continue to place a strain on our human and capital resources. The number
of our employees increased from 31 at December 31, 1997 to 83 at December 31,
1999. Our ability to manage our operations and growth effectively requires us to
continue to use funds to improve our operational, financial and management
controls, reporting systems and procedures and to attract and retain sufficient
numbers of talented employees. If we are unable to manage this growth
effectively, our losses will increase.
IF OUR COMPETITORS DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES THAT ARE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN OURS, OUR
COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITY WILL BE REDUCED OR ELIMINATED.
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries are intensely competitive and
subject to rapid and significant technological change. Many of the drugs that we
are attempting to discover will be competing with existing therapies. In
addition, a number of companies are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals
that target the same diseases and conditions that we are targeting. We face
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competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies both in the United
States and abroad. Our competitors may utilize discovery technologies and
techniques or partner with collaborators in order to develop products more
rapidly or successfully than we or our collaborators are able to do. Many of our
competitors, particularly large pharmaceutical companies, have substantially
greater financial, technical and human resources than we do. In addition,
academic institutions, government agencies, and other public and private
organizations conducting research may seek patent protection with respect to
potentially competitive products or technologies and may establish exclusive
collaborative or licensing relationships with our competitors.
We believe that our ability to compete is dependent, in part, upon our ability
to create, maintain and license scientifically advanced technology and upon our
and our strategic partners' ability to develop and commercialize pharmaceutical
products based on this technology, as well as our ability to attract and retain
qualified personnel, obtain patent protection or otherwise develop proprietary
technology or processes and secure sufficient capital resources for the expected
substantial time period between technological conception and commercial sales of
products based upon our technology. The failure by us or any of our
collaborators in any of those areas may prevent the successful commercialization
of our potential drug targets.
Our competitors might develop technologies and drugs that are more effective or
less costly than any which are being developed by us or which would render our
technology and potential drugs obsolete and noncompetitive. In addition, our
competitors may succeed in obtaining the approval of the FDA or other regulatory
approvals for drug candidates more rapidly than us or our strategic partners.
Companies that complete clinical trials, obtain required regulatory agency
approvals and commence commercial sale of their drugs before their competitors
may achieve a significant competitive advantage, including certain patent and
FDA marketing exclusivity rights that would delay or prevent our ability to
market certain products. Any drugs resulting from our research and development
efforts, or from our joint efforts with our existing or future collaborative
partners, might not be able to compete successfully with competitors' existing
or future products or products under development or obtain regulatory approval
in the United States or elsewhere.
OUR ABILITY TO GENERATE REVENUES WILL BE DIMINISHED IF OUR COLLABORATIVE
PARTNERS FAIL TO OBTAIN ACCEPTABLE PRICES OR AN ADEQUATE LEVEL OF REIMBURSEMENT
FOR PRODUCTS FROM THIRD-PARTY PAYORS.
The drugs we hope to develop may be rejected by the marketplace due to many
factors, including cost. Our ability to commercially exploit a drug may be
limited due to the continuing efforts of government and third-party payors to
contain or reduce the costs of health care through various means. For example,
in some foreign markets, pricing and profitability of prescription
pharmaceuticals are subject to government control. In the United States, we
expect that there will continue to be a number of federal and state proposals to
implement similar government control. In addition, increasing emphasis on
managed care in the United States will likely continue to put pressure on the
pricing of pharmaceutical products. Cost control initiatives could decrease the
price that any of our collaborators would receive for any products in the
future. Further, cost control initiatives could adversely affect our
collaborators' ability to commercialize our products, and our ability to realize
royalties from this commercialization.
Our ability to commercialize pharmaceutical products with collaborators may
depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for the products will be
available from:
- - government and health administration authorities;
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- - private health insurers; and
- - other third-party payors.
Significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved
healthcare products. Third-party payors, including Medicare, are challenging the
prices charged for medical products and services. Government and other
third-party payors increasingly are attempting to contain healthcare costs by
limiting both coverage and the level of reimbursement for new drugs and by
refusing, in some cases, to provide coverage for uses of approved products for
disease indications for which the FDA has not granted labeling approval.
Third-party insurance coverage may not be available to patients for any products
we discover and develop, alone or with collaborators. If government and other
third-party payors do not provide adequate coverage and reimbursement levels for
our products, the market acceptance of these products may be reduced.
IF CONFLICTS ARISE BETWEEN OUR COLLABORATORS, ADVISORS OR DIRECTORS AND US, ANY
OF THEM MAY ACT IN THEIR SELF-INTEREST, WHICH MAY BE ADVERSE TO YOUR INTERESTS.
If conflicts arise between us and our corporate collaborators or scientific
advisors, the other party may act in its self-interest and not in the interest
of our stockholders. Some of our corporate collaborators are conducting multiple
product development efforts within each disease area that is the subject of the
collaboration with us. In some of our collaborations, we have agreed not to
conduct independently, or with any third party, any research that is competitive
with the research conducted under our collaborations. Our collaborators,
however, may develop, either alone or with others, products in related fields
that are competitive with the products or potential products that are the
subject of these collaborations. Competing products, either developed by the
collaborators or to which the collaborators have rights, may result in their
withdrawal of support for our product candidates.
IF PRODUCT LIABILITY LAWSUITS ARE SUCCESSFULLY BROUGHT AGAINST US, WE MAY INCUR
SUBSTANTIAL LIABILITIES AND MAY BE REQUIRED TO LIMIT COMMERCIALIZATION OF OUR
PRODUCTS.
The testing and marketing of medical products entail an inherent risk of product
liability. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liability
claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit
commercialization of our products. We currently do not have product liability
insurance and our inability to obtain sufficient product liability insurance at
an acceptable cost to protect against potential product liability claims could
prevent or inhibit the commercialization of pharmaceutical products we develop,
alone or with corporate collaborators. We or our corporate collaborators might
not be able to obtain insurance at a reasonable cost, if at all. While under
various circumstances we are entitled to be indemnified against losses by our
corporate collaborators, indemnification may not be available or adequate should
any claim arise.
OUR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS WILL BE SERIOUSLY JEOPARDIZED IF WE ARE
UNABLE TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN KEY EMPLOYEES AND RELATIONSHIPS.
Being a small company with only approximately 83 employees, our success depends
on the continued contributions of our principal management and scientific
personnel and on our ability to develop and maintain important relationships
with leading academic institutions, scientists and companies in the face of
intense competition for such personnel. In particular, our research programs
depend on our ability to attract and retain highly skilled chemists and other
scientists. If we lose the services of any of our personnel, in particular,
Donald Payan, our research and development efforts could be seriously and
adversely affected. Although we generally have not experienced problems
retaining key employees,
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our employees can terminate their employment with us at any time. We also expect
to encounter increasing difficulty in attracting enough qualified personnel as
our operations expand and the demand for these professionals increases, and this
difficulty could impede significantly the achievement of our research and
development objectives.
WE DEPEND ON OUR SCIENTIFIC ADVISORS FOR THE SUCCESS AND CONTINUATION OF OUR
RESEARCH EFFORTS.
We are dependent on the members of our Scientific Advisory Board ("SAB") and
Clinical Advisory Board ("CAB") who conduct research and provide us with access
to technology developed by them. The potential success of our drug discovery
programs depends in part on continued collaborations with these advisors. We and
various members of our management and research staff rely heavily on members of
the SAB and CAB for expertise in screening research. Our scientific advisors are
not employees of ours and may have commitments to, or consulting or advisory
contracts with, other entities that may limit their availability to us. All
members of the SAB and CAB have entered into scientific advisory agreements with
us. These agreements provide for indefinite terms of service on the SAB and CAB
and are generally terminable at any time by written notice by either us or the
advisor. Certain members of the SAB and CAB also have entered into separate
consulting agreements with us. We do not know if we will be able to maintain
such consulting agreements or that such scientific advisors will not enter into
consulting arrangements, exclusive or otherwise, with competing pharmaceutical
or biotechnology companies, any of which would have a detrimental impact on our
research objectives and could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
IF WE USE BIOLOGICAL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN A MANNER THAT CAUSES INJURY OR
VIOLATES LAWS, WE MAY BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES.
Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of
potentially harmful biological materials as well as hazardous materials,
chemicals and various radioactive compounds. We cannot completely eliminate the
risk of accidental contamination or injury from the use, storage, handling or
disposal of these materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could
be held liable for damages that result, and any liability could exceed our
resources. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations
governing the use, storage, handling and disposal of these materials and
specified waste products. The cost of compliance with, or any potential
violation of, these laws and regulations could be significant.
WE MAY INCUR SIGNIFICANT COSTS IF YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE ISSUES ARE NOT PROPERLY
ADDRESSED.
We use and rely on a wide variety of information technologies, computer systems
and scientific equipment containing computer chips dedicated to a specific task.
Some of our older computer software programs and equipment might be unable to
distinguish between the year 1900 and the year 2000. While we have not
experienced difficulties to date, time-sensitive functions of those software
programs and equipment may misinterpret dates after January 1, 2000 to refer to
the twentieth century rather than the twenty-first century. This could cause
system or equipment shutdowns, failures or miscalculations resulting in
inaccuracies in computer output or disruptions of operations, including
inaccurate processing of financial information and/or temporary inabilities to
engage in normal business activities. In addition to risks associated with our
own computer systems and equipment, we have relationships with, and are to
varying degrees dependent upon, a large number of third parties
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RISK FACTORS
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that provide information, goods and services to us. These include financial
institutions, suppliers, vendors, research partners and governmental entities.
Year 2000 issues, if any, affecting our business, if not adequately addressed by
us, our significant suppliers and our significant service providers could have a
number of "worst case" consequences. These might include the loss of historical
data, interruption of our research efforts and our inability to continue our
research efforts, any of which could materially disrupt our business, financial
condition and results of operations.
OUR FACILITIES ARE LOCATED NEAR KNOWN EARTHQUAKE FAULT ZONES, AND THE OCCURRENCE
OF AN EARTHQUAKE OR OTHER CATASTROPHIC DISASTER COULD CAUSE DAMAGE TO OUR
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT, WHICH COULD REQUIRE US TO CEASE OR CURTAIL OPERATIONS.
Our facilities are located in the San Francisco Bay Area near known earthquake
fault zones and are vulnerable to significant damage from earthquakes. We are
also vulnerable to damage from other types of disasters, including fires,
floods, power loss, communications failures and similar events. If any disaster
were to occur, our ability to operate our business at our facilities would be
seriously, or potentially completely, impaired and our research could be lost or
destroyed. In addition, the unique nature of our research activities and of much
of our equipment could make it difficult for us to recover from a disaster. The
insurance we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses resulting from
disasters or other business interruptions.
RISKS RELATED TO THIS OFFERING
WE MAY ALLOCATE THE NET PROCEEDS FROM THIS OFFERING IN WAYS THAT YOU AND OTHER
STOCKHOLDERS MAY NOT APPROVE.
Management will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds of
this offering and could use these proceeds for purposes other than those
contemplated at the time of the offering.
IF OUR OFFICERS, DIRECTORS AND LARGEST STOCKHOLDERS CHOOSE TO ACT TOGETHER, THEY
MAY BE ABLE TO CONTROL OUR MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS, ACTING IN THEIR BEST
INTERESTS AND NOT NECESSARILY THOSE OF OTHER STOCKHOLDERS.
Following completion of the offering, our directors, executive officers and
principal stockholders and their affiliates will beneficially own approximately
57.3% of our common stock, based on their beneficial ownership as of
December 31, 1999. Accordingly, they collectively will have the ability to
determine the election of all of our directors and to determine the outcome of
most corporate actions requiring stockholder approval. They may exercise this
ability in a manner that advances their best interests and not necessarily those
of other stockholders.
THERE MAY NOT BE AN ACTIVE, LIQUID TRADING MARKET FOR OUR COMMON STOCK.
An active trading market for our common stock may not develop following this
offering. You may not be able to sell your stock quickly or at the market price
if trading in our stock is not active. The initial public offering price will be
determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the
underwriters based upon a number of factors. The initial public offering price
may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the trading market.
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OUR STOCK PRICE MAY BE VOLATILE AND YOUR INVESTMENT IN OUR STOCK COULD DECLINE
IN VALUE.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock and
an active public market for our common stock may not develop or be sustained
after the offering. The initial public offering price will be determined by
negotiations between the representatives of the underwriters and us and may not
be indicative of future market prices. Among the factors to be considered in
determining the initial public offering price of the common stock, in addition
to prevailing market conditions, will be:
- - estimates of our business potential and earnings prospects;
- - an assessment of our management; and
- - the consideration of the above factors in relation to market valuations of
companies in related businesses.
The market prices for securities of biotechnology companies in general have been
highly volatile and may continue to be highly volatile in the future. The
following factors, in addition to other risk factors described in this section,
may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock:
- - announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by our
competitors or us;
- - developments concerning proprietary rights, including patents;
- - developments concerning our collaborations;
- - publicity regarding actual or potential medical results relating to products
under development by our competitors or us;
- - regulatory developments in the United States and foreign countries;
- - litigation;
- - economic and other external factors or other disaster or crisis; or
- - period-to-period fluctuations in financial results.
IF OUR STOCKHOLDERS SELL SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNTS OF OUR COMMON STOCK AFTER THE
OFFERING, THE MARKET PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY FALL.
If our stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock, including
shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, the market
price of our common stock may fall. These sales also might make it more
difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a
time and price that we deem appropriate. After completion of the offering, we
will have 37,617,141 outstanding shares of common stock, which assumes no
exercise of outstanding options or warrants after December 31, 1999 and no
exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment options.
We intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 covering an aggregate of
9,636,666 shares issuable upon exercise of options to purchase common stock and
common stock reserved for issuance under our stock plans within 90 days after
the effective date of the Registration Statement of which this prospectus is a
part.
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ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS IN OUR CHARTER DOCUMENTS AND UNDER DELAWARE LAW MAY
MAKE AN ACQUISITION OF US, WHICH MAY BE BENEFICIAL TO OUR STOCKHOLDERS, MORE
DIFFICULT.
Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws,
as well as provisions of Delaware law, could make it more difficult for a third
party to acquire us, even if doing so would benefit our stockholders. These
provisions:
- - establish that members of the board of directors may be removed only for
cause upon the affirmative vote of stockholders owning at least two-thirds
of our capital stock;
- - authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that could be issued
by our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding shares and
thwart a takeover attempt;
- - limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders;
- - prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all
stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of our stockholders;
- - establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to the
board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at
stockholder meetings; and
- - provide for a board of directors with staggered terms.
In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage,
delay or prevent a third party from acquiring us.
THE OFFERING WILL CAUSE DILUTION IN NET TANGIBLE BOOK VALUE.
Purchasers in the public offering will experience immediate and substantial
dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock from the initial
public offering price. Additional dilution is likely to occur upon exercise of
options and warrants granted by us.
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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have
not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that
contained in this prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or a
solicitation of an offer to buy our common stock in any jurisdiction where it is
unlawful. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of
the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this
prospectus or of any sale of common stock. This preliminary prospectus is
subject to completion prior to this offering.
Some of the statements under the captions "Prospectus summary," "Risk factors,"
"Use of proceeds," "Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition
and results of operations" and "Business" and elsewhere in this prospectus are
forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, but are
not limited to, statements about our plans, objectives, expectations and
intentions and other statements contained in the prospectus that are not
historical facts. When used in this prospectus, the words "anticipates,"
"believes," "continue," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may,"
"plans," "seeks," "should", "will" or "would" or the negative of these terms or
similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking
statements. Because these forward-looking statements involve risks and
uncertainties, there are important factors that could cause actual results to
differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking
statements, including our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and
other factors discussed under "Risk factors."
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USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of the 9,000,000 shares of
common stock that we are selling in the offering will be approximately
$91.1 million, or approximately $104.9 million if the underwriters'
over-allotment option is exercised in full, based on an assumed initial public
offering price of $11.00 per share and after deducting the estimated
underwriting discount, commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by
us.
We intend to use approximately 65% of the net proceeds for research and
development activities, approximately 20% for general corporate purposes,
approximately 15% for working capital and capital leasing obligations and the
balance, if any, for financing possible acquisitions and investments in
technology and for our facilities. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds
to acquire or invest in businesses, products and technologies that are
complementary to our own, although no acquisitions are planned or being
negotiated as of the date of this prospectus, and no portion of the net proceeds
has been allocated for any specific acquisition. Pending these uses, the net
proceeds will be invested in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.
The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our capitalization and
financial flexibility, to provide a public market for our common stock and to
facilitate access to public equity markets. As of the date of this prospectus,
we cannot specify with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds
we will have upon completion of the offering. Accordingly, our management will
have broad discretion in the application of net proceeds.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We
currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to support the development of our
business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends for the foreseeable future.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table shows our capitalization as of December 31, 1999:
- - on an actual basis; and
- - on a pro forma basis to give effect to the sale of 2,508,330 shares of
preferred stock on February 3, 2000 at a price of $6.00 per share, less
expenses, the issuance of 50,000 shares of preferred stock for a technology
license and after reflecting the conversion of all outstanding shares of
preferred stock into common stock upon the closing of this offering;
- - on a pro forma basis to give effect to the sale of 909,090 shares of common
stock as of the date of the closing of this initial public offering at an
assumed price of $11.00 per share; and
- - on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to the sale of 9,000,000
shares of common stock by us in this offering at an assumed price of $11.00
per share less the estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
PRO FORMA
ACTUAL PRO FORMA AS ADJUSTED
<S> <C> <C> <C>
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Capital lease obligations, less current portion............. $5,478 $5,478 $5,478
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 24,000,000
authorized, 22,053,887, shares issued and outstanding,
actual, none issued pro forma and pro forma as
adjusted................................................. 22 -- --
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 37,500,000 shares
(100,000,000 pro forma) authorized, 3,095,834 shares
issued and outstanding, 28,617,141 shares issued and
outstanding, pro forma and 37,617,141 shares issued and
outstanding, pro forma as adjusted....................... 3 29 38
Deferred compensation....................................... (5,814) (5,814) (5,814)
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 35,164 60,460 151,521
Accumulated deficit and accumulated comprehensive loss...... (28,619) (28,919) (28,919)
----------- ----------- -----------
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 756 25,756 116,826
----------- ----------- -----------
Total capitalization.................................... $6,234 $31,234 $122,304
=========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
This table above excludes:
- - 5,242,004 shares issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of
December 31, 1999 at a weighted average exercise price of $0.19 per share;
- - 647,498 shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding as of
December 31, 1999 at a weighted average exercise price of $1.30 per share;
- - 3,694,662 additional shares available for future grant under our equity
incentive plan, of which options to purchase 1,011,599 shares of common
stock were granted in January 2000 and on February 1, 2000; 100,000 shares
of common stock issued in January 2000 under our equity incentive plan; an
additional 400,000 shares made available for future grant under our employee
stock purchase plan; and 300,000 shares made available for future grant
under our non-employee directors' stock option plan;
- - 1,350,000 shares issuable upon exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment
option; and
- - the amendment to our certificate of incorporation upon completion of this
offering to increase our authorized common stock.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DILUTION
The pro forma net tangible book value of our common stock on December 31, 1999,
giving effect to the sale of shares of preferred stock and the issuance of
shares of preferred stock for a technology license, and reflecting the
conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into shares of common
stock upon the closing of this offering, was approximately $25.8 million, or
approximately $0.90 per share. Pro forma net tangible book value per share
represents the amount of our total tangible assets less total liabilities
divided by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Dilution in pro
forma net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the
amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of common stock in this offering
and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately
afterwards. Assuming our sale of 9,000,000 shares of common stock offered by
this prospectus at an assumed initial public offering price of $11.00 per share,
and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and
estimated offering expenses, our net tangible book value at December 31, 1999
would have been approximately $116.8 million or $3.11 per share. This represents
an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of $7.89 per share to new
investors purchasing shares of common stock in this offering. The following
table illustrates this per share dilution:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Assumed initial public offering price per share............. $11.00
Pro forma net tangible book value per share at December 31,
1999...................................................... $0.90
Increase per share attributable to new investors.......... 2.21
------ -------
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this
offering.................................................. 3.11
-------
Dilution per share to new investors......................... $7.89
=======
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of December 31, 1999,
the differences between the total consideration paid and the average price per
share paid by the existing stockholders, including Novartis, and the new
investors with respect to the number of shares of common stock purchased from
us. We have assumed an initial public offering price of $11.00 per share and
have not deducted estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated
offering expenses in our calculations.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES PURCHASED TOTAL CONSIDERATION AVERAGE PRICE
NUMBER PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT PER SHARE
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Existing investors........................ 28,617,141 76.1% $52,398,000 34.6% $1.83
New investors............................. 9,000,000 23.9 99,000,000 65.4 11.00
----------- -------- ------------- --------
Total................................. 37,617,141 100.0% $151,398,000 100.0%
=========== ======== ============= ========
</TABLE>
The foregoing discussion and tables assume no exercise of any outstanding stock
options or warrants. The exercise of all options and warrants outstanding as of
December 31, 1999 having an exercise price less than the offering price would
increase the dilutive effect to new investors to $8.27 per share.
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, the following
will occur:
- - the pro forma net tangible book value per share after the offerings would be
$3.35 per share, the increase in net tangible book value per share to
existing stockholders would be $2.45 per share and the dilution in net
tangible book value to new investors would be $7.65 per share;
- - the number of shares of common stock held by existing stockholders will
decrease to approximately 73.4% of the total number of shares of our common
stock outstanding; and
- - the number of shares held by new investors will increase to 10,350,000
shares, or approximately 26.6% of the total number of our common stock
outstanding after this offering.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the
financial statements and the notes to such statements and "Management's
discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations." The
selected data in this section is not intended to replace the financial
statements.
The statement of operations data from the period from inception (June 14, 1996)
to December 31, 1996 are derived from our unaudited financial statements but
have been prepared on a basis consistant with our audited financial statements
and notes thereto and include all adjustments that we consider necessary for
fair presentation of the information. The statements of operations data for the
years ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 have been derived from our audited
financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus which have been
audited by Ernst & Young LLP, our independent auditors. Historical results are
not necessarily indicative of future results. See notes to the financial
statements for an explanation of the method used to determine the number of
shares used in computing pro forma basic and diluted loss per share.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD FROM
INCEPTION
(JUNE 14, 1996)
THROUGH
DECEMBER 31, YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1996 1997 1998 1999
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA: (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(unaudited)
Revenue:
Contract revenues from collaborations................ $-- $-- $28 $8,984
Costs and expenses:
Research and development............................. -- 4,568 8,305 14,791
General and administrative........................... 133 1,033 2,217 3,698
Stock compensation expense........................... -- -- -- 2,575
--------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
133 5,601 10,522 21,064
--------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Loss from operations................................... (133) (5,601) (10,494) (12,080)
Interest income (expense), net......................... -- 85 (110) (286)
--------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
Net loss............................................... $(133) $(5,516) $(10,604) $(12,366)
=============== ============ ============ ============
Net loss per share, basic and diluted.................. $(0.12) $(2.20) $(4.01) $(4.39)
=============== ============ ============ ============
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per
share, basic and diluted............................. 1,089 2,512 2,643 2,818
Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted........ $(0.52)
============
Shares used in computing pro forma net loss per share,
basic and diluted.................................... 23,996
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21
<PAGE>
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
1996 1997 1998 1999
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents.................. $2 $9,144 $9,493 $5,836
Working capital (deficit).................. (71) 8,109 4,547 (990)
Total assets............................... 2 11,330 12,956 17,169
Capital lease obligations, less current
portion.................................. -- 1,172 1,652 5,478
Deferred stock compensation................ -- -- -- (5,814)
Accumulated deficit........................ (133) (5,649) (16,253) (28,619)
Total stockholders' equity/(net capital
deficiency).............................. (71) 8,819 5,445 756
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS SHOULD BE READ WITH "SELECTED FINANCIAL
AND OPERATING DATA" AND OUR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES INCLUDED ELSEWHERE IN
THIS PROSPECTUS. THE DISCUSSION IN THIS PROSPECTUS CONTAINS FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS THAT INVOLVE RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES, SUCH AS STATEMENTS OF OUR
PLANS, OBJECTIVES, EXPECTATIONS AND INTENTIONS. THE CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS MADE
IN THIS PROSPECTUS SHOULD BE READ AS APPLYING TO ALL RELATED FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS WHEREVER THEY APPEAR IN THIS PROSPECTUS. OUR ACTUAL RESULTS COULD
DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE DISCUSSED HERE. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE OR
CONTRIBUTE TO THESE DIFFERENCES INCLUDE THOSE DISCUSSED IN "RISK FACTORS," AS
WELL AS THOSE DISCUSSED ELSEWHERE IN THIS PROSPECTUS.
We are a post-genomics combinatorial biology company that has developed a new
and faster way to find novel drug targets and to validate the role of those
targets in disease. We intend to develop a portfolio of novel drug candidates
and commercialize the resulting drug products in partnership with corporate
collaborators. We have incurred net losses since inception and expect to incur
substantial and increasing losses for the next several years as we expand our
research and development activities and move our pre-clinical drug candidates
into later stages of development. To date, we have funded our operations
primarily through the sale of equity securities, non-equity payments from
collaborative partners and capital asset lease financings. We received our first
funding from our collaborative partners in December 1998. Including both
research funding and the issuance of equity investments, we received an
aggregate of $6.5 million in 1998 and an aggregate amount of $14.9 million in
1999 from our collaborative partners. As of December 31, 1999, our accumulated
deficit was approximately $28.6 million.
We expect our sources of revenue for the next several years to consist primarily
of payments under our current and future corporate collaborations. Under these
arrangements, sources of revenue may include up front payments, funded research,
milestone payments and royalties. The process of carrying out our research
programs for our collaborative partners and the development of our own
non-partnered products to the later stages of development may require
significant additional research and development expenditures including
preclinical testing and clinical trials. These activities, together with our
general and administrative expenses, are expected to result in substantial
operating losses for the foreseeable future. We will not receive product revenue
unless we or our collaborative partners complete clinical trials, obtain
regulatory approval and successfully commercialize one or more of our products.
To date, we have entered into three collaborative partnerships with major
pharmaceutical companies that are currently contributing to our revenues. A
summary of these partnerships is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PARTNER RESEARCH PROGRAM COMMENCEMENT DATE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Janssen Tumor Growth--Cell Cycle Inhibition December 4, 1998
Pfizer Asthma/Allergies--IgE Production in B Cells January 31, 1999
Novartis Transplant Rejection--T Cell Activation May 26, 1999
Autoimmunity Disease--B Cell Activation August 1, 1999
Pulmonary Lung Inflammation January 1, 2000
</TABLE>
Under the terms of the existing collaborations identified above, our partners
have agreed to provide future research funding of up to approximately
$37 million over the next five-years, $19 million of which is subject to
possible cancellation. In addition, we may receive additional payments upon the
achievement of specific research and development milestones and royalties upon
commercialization of any products.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to maintain and increase proceeds from collaborations, we are
addressing several alternatives, including the exploration of new opportunities
with existing and new potential collaborators. All of our partnerships to date
have focused on the early stages of drug discovery, specifically target
discovery and validation. We may continue to engage in collaborations focused on
the early stages of drug discovery. In addition, we currently anticipate that we
will self-fund some of our own research programs to later stages of development
prior to partnering with collaborative partners. Therefore, it is expected that
any future collaborative partnerships will have an expanded focus and could
include high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry and/or pre-clinical
evaluations. For some programs, we may also seek to enter into collaborations
for the development of compounds that we have discovered. The timing, the amount
of funds received and the scope of any new collaborations are uncertain and any
compound collaboration will depend on the successful progress of clinical
trials. In addition, as our existing collaborations reach termination, we will
evaluate the status of the collaboration and, if appropriate, seek to negotiate
extensions as long as an extension is determined to be in our best interest.
We recognize revenues from our research collaboration agreements as earned upon
the achievement of performance requirements of the agreements. In addition,
these agreements provide for research funding for a specified number of full
time researchers working on their associated projects. Payments received that
are related to future performance are deferred and recognized as revenue as the
related work is performed. As of December 31, 1999, we have deferred revenues of
approximately $5.7 million.
DEFERRED COMPENSATION
During the year ended December 31, 1999, in connection with the grant of stock
options to employees, we recorded deferred stock compensation totaling
$7.1 million, representing the difference between the deemed fair value of our
common stock for financial reporting purposes on the date these options were
granted and the exercise price. This amount has been reflected as components of
stockholders' equity and the deferred expense is being amortized to operations
over the vesting period of the options, generally five years, using the graded
vesting method. We recorded compensation expense of $1.3 million in 1999. At
December 31, 1999, we had a total of $5.8 million remaining to be amortized over
the vesting periods of the stock options. We anticipate that additional deferred
compensation will be recorded for options granted after December 31, 1999 and
expect to record an amount of approximately $4.4 million for stock options
granted from January 1, 2000 through February 1, 2000.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1999, 1998 AND 1997
REVENUES
Contract revenues from collaborations were $9.0 million in 1999 compared to
$28,000 in 1998. Revenues in 1998 and 1999 were due to the initiation of three
of our corporate collaborations. The collaboration with Janssen was signed in
December 1998 with research support beginning on January 1, 1999 while the
Pfizer collaboration was initiated on January 31, 1999. The Novartis
collaboration, which was signed on May 26, 1999, consists of five research
programs. Of these five programs, one was started on May 26, 1999 with a second
program initiated on August 1, 1999. We expect contract revenue from
collaborations to be a significant component of our total revenues for the
foreseeable future.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
Research and development expenses increased to $14.8 million in 1999 from
$8.3 million in 1998 and $4.6 million in 1997, an increase of $6.5 million and
$3.7 million, respectively. These increases are primarily attributable to
increases in employee costs as our scientific headcount increased to 66
individuals from 41 in 1998 and 22 in 1997 and the higher occupancy costs
associated with our new building in South San Francisco, California, which we
occupied in March 1999. We expect research and development expenses to increase
in future periods in connection with the addition of new collaborative partner
research programs. In addition, we anticipate research and development expenses
will increase with the advancement of our non-partnered research programs into
later stages of development.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
General and administrative expenses were $3.7 million in 1999, compared with
$2.2 million in 1998 and $1.0 million in 1997, an increase of $1.5 million and
$1.2 million, respectively. These increases are primarily attributable to higher
employee costs, infrastructure costs to support the growing research and
development activities and increased occupancy costs. We expect that general and
administrative expenses will increase in the future to support the continued
growth of our research and development efforts and to accommodate the new
demands associated with operating as a public company.
STOCK COMPENSATION EXPENSE
Stock compensation expense was $2.6 million in 1999. Stock compensation expense
results from the amortization of deferred stock compensation, compensation
expense associated with the grant of common stock to two individuals for
consulting services and compensation expense from the valuation of options
granted to consultants. For 2000, the amortization of deferred stock
compensation is expected to be approximately $4.7 million.
NET INTEREST EXPENSE
Net interest expense was $286,000 in 1999, compared with a net interest expense
of $110,000 in 1998 and net interest income of $85,000 in 1997. Interest income
results from our interest bearing balances while interest expense is the result
of our debt associated with fixed asset purchases.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We have financed our operations from inception primarily through sales of
preferred stock, contract payments payable to us under our collaboration
agreements and equipment financing arrangements. As of December 31, 1999, we
have received $27.2 million from the sale of equity securities, including
$9.0 million from collaborators, and received $12.4 million in research funding
from collaborators. In addition, we have financed through leases and loans the
purchase of equipment and leasehold improvements totaling approximately
$9.9 million through December 31, 1999.
As of December 31, 1999, we had $5.8 million in cash and cash equivalents as
compared to $9.5 million as of December 31, 1998, a decrease in cash balances of
$3.7 million. This decline in cash balances is derived from our usage of
$7.8 million for the funding of operations and $7.1 million investment in
capital equipment and leasehold improvements. We made $1.4 million in payments
associated with our equipment financing arrangements offset by the receipt of
$6.7 million from our equipment financing arrangements and the receipt
$6.0 million in proceeds from equity securities.
As of December 31, 1999, we had $7.7 million in capitalized lease obligations in
association with our financed purchase of equipment and leasehold improvements.
These obligations are secured by the
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
equipment financed, bear interest rates in a range of 7% to 15%, and are due in
monthly installments through September 2003. Under the terms of our three
equipment financing agreements, two of these have balloon payments at the end of
each loan term while the other agreement allows us to purchase the assets
financed at the fair market value or 20% of the original acquisition cost at the
end of the financing term. As of December 31, 1999 we had $1.1 million available
under equipment financing arrangements which we expect to utilize in early 2000.
On February 3, 2000, we received approximately $15.0 million, net of issuance
costs, in a private placement in which we sold 2,508,330 shares of preferred
stock at $6.00 per share. In addition, we currently anticipate receiving an
additional $10.0 million after we exercise our right within the Novartis
collaboration agreement in which Novartis will purchase shares in a private
placement at the IPO price. We expect to exercise this option in a private
placement transaction concurrent with this public offering. We believe our
existing cash resources, including the proceeds from the private placement and
the funds received from the Novartis investment, plus the proceeds of this
offering and anticipated proceeds from corporate collaborations will be
sufficient to satisfy our anticipated cash requirements through at least
18 months. Our future capital uses and requirements depend on numerous
forward-looking factors. These factors include and are not limited to the
following:
- - our ability to maintain our existing collaboration partnerships;
- - our ability to establish and the scope of our new collaborations;
- - the progress and number of research programs carried out at Rigel;
- - our ability to meet the milestones identified in our collaborative
agreements which trigger payments;
- - the progress and success of preclinical and clinical trials of our drug
candidates;
- - the costs and timing of obtaining, enforcing and defending our patent and
intellectual rights;
- - the costs and timing of regulatory approvals; and
- - expenses associated with unforeseen litigation.
In addition, we are constantly reviewing potential opportunities to expand our
technologies or add to our portfolio of drug candidates. In the future, we may
need further capital in order to acquire or invest in technologies, products or
businesses. For the next several years, we do not expect the cash generated from
our operations to generate the amounts of cash required by our future cash
needs. In order to finance our cash needs, we expect to finance future cash
needs through the sale of equity securities, strategic collaborations and debt
financing. We cannot assure you that additional financing or collaboration and
licensing arrangements will be available when needed or that, if available, this
financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or our stockholders.
Insufficient funds may require us to delay, scale back or eliminate some or all
of our research or development programs, to lose rights under existing licenses
or to relinquish greater or all rights to product candidates at an earlier stage
of development or on less favorable terms than we would otherwise choose or may
adversely affect our ability to operate as a going concern. If additional funds
are obtained by issuing equity securities, substantial dilution to existing
stockholders may result.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal
while at the same time maximizing the income we receive from our investments
without significantly increasing risk. Some of the securities that we invest in
may have market risk. This means that a change in prevailing interest
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26
<PAGE>
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
rates may cause the principal amount of the investment to fluctuate. For
example, if we hold a security that was issued with a fixed interest rate at the
then-prevailing rate and the prevailing interest rate later rises, the principal
amount of our investment will decline. To minimize this risk in the future, we
intend to maintain our portfolio of cash equivalents and short-term investments
in a variety of securities, including commercial paper, money market funds,
government and non-government debt securities. In 1998 and 1999, we maintained
an investment portfolio primarily in depository accounts. Due to the short term
nature of these investments, we believe we have no material exposure to interest
rate risk arising from our investments. Therefore, no quantitative tabular
disclosure is provided.
We have operated primarily in the United States and all funding activities with
our collaborators to date have been made in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, we have
not had any exposure to foreign currency rate fluctuations.
IMPACT OF THE YEAR 2000
We use and rely on a wide variety of information technologies, computer systems
and scientific equipment containing computer chips dedicated to a specific task.
Some of our older computer software programs and equipment may not be able to
distinguish between the year 1900 and the year 2000. While we have not
experienced difficulties to date, time-sensitive functions of those software
programs and equipment may misinterpret dates after January 1, 2000 to refer to
the twentieth century rather than the twenty-first century. This could cause
system or equipment shutdowns, failures or miscalculations resulting in
inaccuracies in computer output or disruptions of operations, including
inaccurate processing of financial information and/or temporary inabilities to
engage in normal business activities. In addition to risks associated with our
own computer systems and equipment, we have relationships with, and are to
varying degrees dependent upon, a large number of third parties that provide
information, goods and services to us. These include financial institutions,
suppliers, vendors, research partners and governmental entities. Year 2000
issues affecting our business, if not adequately addressed by us, our
significant suppliers and our significant service providers could have a number
of "worst case" consequences. These include the loss of historical data,
interruption of our research efforts and our inability to continue our research
efforts, any of which could materially disrupt our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
We were incorporated in the state of Delaware on June 14, 1996. Our results of
operations from June 14, 1996 to December 31, 1996 were immaterial. We matured
from a development stage to an operating company in 1998. The company has funded
its operations primarily through the sale of private equity securities, payments
from corporate collaborators and capital asset lease financings. We have no
subsidiaries. In our first three years of research, we have succeeded in
identifying 15 new drug targets in seven of our nine programs and have generated
compounds which are candidates for clinical trials in three of our programs. We
currently have programs in asthma/allergy, autoimmune disease, transplant
rejection, rheumatoid arthritis/inflammatory bowel disease and cancerous tumor
growth. We have multi-year collaborations with Cell Genesys, Janssen, Novartis
and Pfizer. In addition we have collaborated with Neurocrine in order to obtain
rights to small chemical compounds.
BACKGROUND
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY NEED FOR NEW DRUGS AND NOVEL TARGETS
In order to sustain growth, major pharmaceutical companies need to bring
approximately two or more new drugs to market each year. However, it is
currently estimated that, using traditional drug discovery and development
methodologies, pharmaceutical companies are bringing to market, on average, less
than one new drug per year. As a result, major pharmaceutical companies have a
discovery and product pipeline gap. In addition, we believe this demand for new
products will be compounded by the expiration in coming years of patents on
numerous significant revenue-generating drugs.
We believe that several thousand of the more than 100,000 genes in the human
genome will provide potential drug targets directed at specific diseases.
Despite this potential, researchers have only identified and validated
approximately 500 distinct targets for existing drug interventions which serve
as the basis for many pharmaceutical products today. We feel that the existing,
relatively small pool of potential targets limits pharmaceutical companies'
opportunities to develop new drug candidates to satisfy their growth objectives.
Moreover, we believe this situation creates a critical need for tools directed
at novel ways to expand the pool of targets by rapidly identifying and
successfully validating new targets which lead to new chemical entities.
TRADITIONAL DRUG DISCOVERY
The traditional drug discovery process involves testing or screening compounds
in disease models. The process is often undertaken with little knowledge of the
intracellular processes underlying the disease or the specific drug target
within the cell. Consequently, it is necessary to screen a very large number of
arbitrarily-selected compounds in order to obtain a desired change in a disease
model. While this approach sometimes successfully produces drugs, it has a
number of disadvantages:
- - INEFFICIENCY: it is labor intensive, time consuming and inefficient at
identifying and validating targets;
- - LACK OF PRODUCTIVITY: it results in relatively few new drug candidates, or
"hits";
- - LACK OF INFORMATION: it produces limited information about the intracellular
processes or targets to guide target selection and subsequent drug
development; and
- - RISK OF SIDE EFFECTS: it often produces drug candidates with a high risk of
serious side effects, including toxicity.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28
<PAGE>
BUSINESS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUBSEQUENT BIOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND GENOMICS
Beginning in the mid 1970's, pharmaceutical companies began to use a growing
knowledge of cellular and molecular biology to enlarge their understanding of
biochemical interactions within and between cells in order to understand the
cellular basis for disease processes. For example, researchers equipped with a
more thorough understanding of cellular mechanisms relating to blood pressure
regulation were able to identify proteins called angiotensin converting enzymes
(ACE) which regulate molecules causing high blood pressure. By identifying
compounds that act as ACE inhibitors, the researchers developed a family of
highly specific drugs that lower blood pressure without causing serious side
effects.
More recently, pharmaceutical companies have begun to look at the genetic basis
for disease. For example, the Human Genome Project was undertaken to identify
the DNA sequence of all the genes in the human genome, with the hope that
knowledge of the human genome would enable a comprehensive understanding of the
molecular causes of all diseases, and therefore provide a source of targets for
drug discovery. However, merely developing sequence data with respect to genes
does not, on its own, provide information about the cellular function of the
proteins encoded by the genes expressed in a particular tissue at a particular
time under particular disease circumstances. In addition, it fails to tell us
which proteins might make useful targets for compound screening to identify drug
candidates to modulate any of these functions. With more than 100,000 genes in
the human genome, the number of possible combinations of expressed proteins in a
cell and the number of possible interactions of those proteins produce a volume
of information which often obscures rather than illuminates the functional role
of any particular gene in a disease process.
Later efforts to link genes to disease, or functional genomics, have focused on
which genes are responsible for changes in the behavior of cells under disease
conditions. However, the functional connection between particular genes and
their expressed proteins on the one hand, and cellular behavior seen in disease
conditions on the other hand, has remained unknown in the majority of diseases.
For this reason, pharmaceutical companies have sought better means to identify
the genes which are important to cellular behavior and to understand their role
in causing or preventing disease. Whether through gene sequencing or functional
genomics, understanding the functional role of a gene is critical to
understanding, identifying and validating a gene's expressed protein as a target
for compound screening. We believe that there remains a critical need for
research methods which will be able to utilize the information currently
available to identify protein targets quickly and systematically, with increased
probability of discovering new drug candidates.
ROLE OF TARGET VALIDATION
The identification of intracellular protein targets is an important step in the
process of identifying potential drugs. Most drugs are discovered today by
screening collections of libraries of chemical compounds against protein targets
which are part of signaling, or information-transmitting, pathways within cells.
These signaling pathways participate in the regulation of cell behavior in both
normal and diseased cells. However, drug discovery and development often occurs
without first validating the drug target and mechanism of action. If
pharmaceutical companies were to validate a target's role in a disease at an
early stage, they would reduce risks involved in the drug development process,
such as the pursuit of unsuccessful discovery pathways, regulatory delay and
drug side effects.
A target is regarded as validated if a causal link is established between an
intracellular protein target and a cellular response important in a disease
process. Each drug discovery company has its own standards for deciding whether
a target has been sufficiently validated.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29
<PAGE>
BUSINESS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OUR SOLUTION
Our technologies address the shortcomings of traditional and genomics-based drug
discovery. They are designed to identify protein targets for compound screening
and validate the role of those targets in the disease process. Rather than
genomics-based approaches, which begin by identifying genes and then search for
their functions, we have developed technologies designed to identify proteins
that are demonstrated to have an important role in a disease pathway. By
understanding the disease pathway, we attempt to avoid studying genes that will
not make good drug targets and focus only on the sub-set of expressed proteins
of genes that we believe are specifically implicated in the disease process.
We begin by developing assays which model the key events in a disease process at
the cellular level. We then search hundreds of millions of cells to identify
potential protein targets. In addition, we identify the proteins involved in the
intracellular process and prepare a map of their interactions, thus giving us a
comprehensive picture of the intracellular disease pathway. We believe that our
technologies have a number of advantages:
- - IMPROVED TARGET IDENTIFICATION: it focuses only on the sub-set of expressed
proteins of genes believed to be specifically implicated in the disease
process;
- - RAPID VALIDATION OF PROTEIN TARGETS: it produces validated protein targets
more quickly because it uses key events in the disease process as the basis
to design the functional, disease-based screen;
- - IMPROVED DISEASE PATHWAY MAPPING: it produces a comprehensive map of the
intracellular disease pathway enabling the identification of a larger number
of potential protein targets;
- - BETTER INFORMED TARGET SELECTION: it provides a variety of different types
of targets and information concerning the role each plays to better select
targets more susceptible to pharmaceutical intervention;
- - MORE EFFICIENT COMPOUND SCREENING: it increases the probability and speed
that compound screening will identify "hits" because it provides more
detailed knowledge of the target which can be used to guide the design of
the compound screen; and
- - RISK REDUCTION: it may reduce the risk of failure in the drug development
process due to serious side effects, including toxicity or other reasons, by
selecting only targets that are specific to the disease in question and
which have no role in other cell types or signaling pathways.
Because of the very large number of cells and proteins employed, our technology
is labor intensive. The complexity of our technology requires a high degree of
skill and diligence to perform successfully. In addition, successful application
of our technology depends on a highly diverse collection of proteins to test in
cells. We believe we have been able to and will continue to meet these
challenges successfully. Although one or more other companies may utilize
technologies similar to certain aspects of our technology, we are unaware of any
other company which employs the same combination of technologies as we do.
TECHNOLOGY
We have developed two technologies which help us identify and validate new
protein targets and establish a map of the intracellular proteins that define a
specific signaling pathway controlling cellular responses. We believe that,
together, these technologies allow for rapid pathway mapping of complex
biological processes and increase our ability to identify targets for drug
discovery.
Our first technology uses retroviruses to introduce up to 100 million different
peptides or proteins into an equal number of normal or diseased cells. Each
retrovirus delivers a specific gene into an individual
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cell, causing the cell to produce a specific protein. Then, we stimulate the
cells in a manner known to produce a disease-like behavioral response or
phenotype of the disease process. Once in the cell, the expressed protein
interacts with potential protein targets in the cell. Then, we sort the cells at
a rate of up to 60,000 cells/second to collect data on up to 5 different
parameters which means that a sort of 100 million cells can be completed in
approximately half an hour. By analyzing the approximately 500 million resulting
data points, we can rapidly identify those few cells containing a protein that
has interacted with a protein target in a way that causes the cell to change its
behavior from diseased back to normal. Using this method we believe that we can
identify the relatively few targets that are validated in the context of a
disease-specific cellular response.
Our second technology identifies specific proteins that bind with other proteins
that are known to be part of a signaling pathway, either because we identified
them using our first technology or because the proteins have been described in
the scientific literature. This second technology is directed at:
- - mapping an entire protein-protein intracellular functional pathway in
disease relevant cells;
- - finding new proteins interacting with other new and known proteins; and
- - eliminating potential targets rapidly because they interact with multiple
signaling pathways, thus identifying the protein as a less desirable target.
Using this second technology, a protein that gives a detectable signal (reporter
protein), such as fluorescence, is split into two inactive parts. One part of
the reporter protein is fused with a specific protein known to be involved in a
signaling disease-relevant pathway (bait protein). Multiple copies of the other
part of the reporter protein are fused one by one with all the proteins known to
be present in the cell type being studied (library protein). When the bait
protein binds to a specific library protein, the two parts of the reporter
protein reunite and become active again, thereby generating a detectable signal.
We employ an improved version of the two hybrid protein interaction method in
yeast cells. In addition, we have developed a proprietary method of employing
the two hybrid protein interaction technology in mammalian cells. Mammalian
cells offer the opportunity to monitor protein-protein interactions in a
potentially more relevant cellular environment.
We also use this second technology to screen identified protein targets against
a library of peptides in order to identify each active interaction site on the
target. This information is useful in directing our chemistry efforts to
identify compounds specifically designed to bind to the interaction site on the
target.
TARGET VALIDATION
The first step of our target validation occurs when we use our first technology
to identify targets. We design a screen that reflects a key event in a disease
process so that when one of our proteins changes the behavior of a specific
cell, this indicates a causal relationship between the protein-target
interaction and the specific disease response. This approach saves time and
enhances the probability that those targets which are identified and pursued are
disease relevant. It also tells us that the protein interacts with a functional
site on the target since the interaction results in a change in the behavior of
the cell. We further validate the function of specific targets by:
- - using technology to knock out the target from specific cells and see if the
loss of the target from the cell alters the cell's responses to
disease-causing stimuli;
- - altering the structure of the target in order to identify which part of the
target is functionally important; and
- - using peptides that attach to specific sites on the target to change the way
the target works inside the cell.
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OUR DISCOVERY PROGRESS: 1997 - 1999
Since 1997, we have detected more than 500 million protein-protein interactions
in cells. We have also discovered more than 10,000 signaling pathway members
which modify cellular function. We have mapped the protein interactions of over
150 disease modifying protein targets in seven disease relevant pathways. We
have identified 15 new targets in our programs suitable for screening compounds
for drugs: asthma/allergy, autoimmunity, transplant rejection, rheumatoid
arthritis (both E-3 ubiquitin ligase and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway)
and tumor growth (both cell cycle inhibition and E-3 ubiquitin ligase). We have
identified small molecule lead compounds in three of our programs.
[GRAPHIC OF INVERTED PYRAMID ENTITLED "RIGEL PROGRESS 1997-1999" AND IDENTIFYING
THE FIVE STAGES OF THE DRUG DISCOVERY PROCESS]
OTHER TECHNOLOGIES
Our integrated drug discovery platform utilizes the following additional
technologies:
HIGH THROUGHPUT COMPOUND SCREENING
Using our cell sorter system, we conduct screening of small molecule compounds
in the same cell-based disease-specific screens that we use to identify the
protein targets. This enables us to screen thousands of compounds in a matter of
a few hours, while simultaneously examining multiple physiological parameters.
In addition, we have established conventional high throughput screens of small
molecule compounds using biochemical methods similar to those widely used in the
biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. We have a library of approximately
120,000 synthetic small molecule compounds having highly diverse molecular
structures for our compound screening activities.
We select for compound screening only those protein drug targets we judge to
meet several criteria:
- - the target's causal relationship to the disease of interest is established;
- - the target's activity is determined to be specific to the disease of
interest;
- - the target is of a protein type, such as an enzyme, for which there is
experience indicating that intervention by a synthetic small molecule
compound would be an effective therapeutic; and
- - the target is novel and provides us freedom of action to pursue drug
discovery without interference from the rights of third parties.
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PROTEOMICS
Our proteomics program is an integral part of our target discovery and
validation effort. In contrast to our other technology which can be used to find
single protein-protein interactions, proteomics techniques can be used to find
protein complexes comprised of several protein targets and to study
protein-protein interactions in order to map active interaction sites on
potential protein targets. To this end, we believe our protein chemistry group
uses the most advanced proteomic technologies, including high resolution two
dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with in-gel tryptic digests
followed by mass spectrometry, in order to identify specific drug targets.
MEDICINAL AND COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRIES
Our medicinal chemistry activities carry out traditional structure-activity
relationship studies of potential lead compounds and makes improvements to those
compounds utilizing chemistry techniques to synthesize new analogs of a lead
compound with improved properties. Our chemistry activities synthesize compounds
incorporating desirable molecular features.
OUR STRATEGY
Our strategy is to employ our technologies to discover a portfolio of many drug
candidates that may be developed into small molecule therapeutics. We believe
that producing a portfolio of many drug candidates and working in conjunction
with pharmaceutical companies to further develop the candidates greatly
increases our probability of commercial success. By utilizing our technology to
rapidly discover and validate new targets and drug candidates that regulate
them, we believe that we are well positioned to help fill the product pipeline
gap of major pharmaceutical companies.
The key elements of our scientific and business strategy are to:
- - expand, enhance and protect our technologies;
- - focus on diseases that represent large medical markets with significant
populations that are currently underserved;
- - structure corporate partnering agreements to permit multiple collaborations
in each disease area by focusing on disease pathways and targets;
- - establish strategic collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology
companies to enhance product development and commercialization and to
partner our future research programs in the later stages of drug
development; and
- - develop small molecule drugs, delivered to intracellular targets.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
We believe that, with a steadily aging population, the main focus of medicine in
the United States and other developed countries is shifting to a greater
emphasis on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as asthma and
rheumatoid arthritis. The parallel trends of the increasing knowledge of drug
targets and the increasing incidence of the diseases treated with small molecule
compounds allow us to exploit our technology for large and fast growing segments
of the pharmaceutical marketplace on a worldwide basis. Our programs address
asthma, allergy, autoimmune disease, transplant rejection, rheumatoid arthritis
and inflammatory bowel disease affecting the immune system as well as cancerous
tumor growth. These programs offer potential opportunities to develop drugs for
many therapeutic indications. We believe that there are significant unmet
medical and quality-of-life needs for these diseases that represent large
commercial markets.
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The following table summarizes key information in our nine programs that focus
on specific disease mechanisms:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COLLABORATIVE
DISORDER/DISEASE MECHANISM STATUS KEY ACHIEVEMENTS PARTNER
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMMUNE DISORDERS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asthma/allergy IgE receptor on mast cells Preclinical -Preclinical candidate None
development (1) compounds identified
-Cell based high
throughput screening
(HTS) underway
-Protein interaction
pathway map established
IgE production in B cells Target -Preclinical candidate Pfizer
screening (2) compounds identified
-HTS underway
-Protein interaction
pathway map established
-Novel drug targets
identified
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Autoimmunity B cell activation Target -Novel drug targets Novartis
screening (2) identified
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transplant rejection T cell activation Target -Novel drug targets Novartis
screening (2) identified
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rheumatoid arthritis/ E-3 ubiquitin ligase Compound -Novel drug targets None
inflammatory bowel screening (3) identified and validated
disease
-Preclinical candidate
compounds identified
TNF pathway Target -Protein interaction None
validation (4) pathway map established
-Novel drug targets
identified and validated
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CANCER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tumor growth Cell cycle inhibition Target -Protein interaction Janssen
Validation (4) pathway map established
-Novel drug targets
identified and validated
E-3 ubiquitin ligase Compound -Novel drug targets None
screening (3) identified and validated
-Preclinical candidate
compounds identified
Angiogenesis Target -HTS underway Cell Genesys
screening (2)
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) "PRECLINICAL DEVELOPMENT": PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY TESTING IN ANIMAL
MODELS TO GATHER DATA NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH APPLICABLE REGULATORY
PROTOCOLS PRIOR TO SUBMISSION OF AN INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG APPLICATION TO
THE FDA.
(2) "TARGET SCREENING": DISEASE MODELED SCREENING IN CELLS USING OUR
POST-GENOMICS COMBINATORIAL BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGY.
(3) "COMPOUND SCREENING": SCREENING OF SMALL MOLECULE COMPOUNDS IN BIOCHEMICAL
AND FACS ASSAYS TO IDENTIFY A COMPOUND WHICH BINDS TO A FUNCTIONALLY ACTIVE
SITE OF A VALIDATED TARGET.
(4) "TARGET VALIDATION": TESTING TO ESTABLISH A CAUSAL LINK BETWEEN AN
INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN TARGET AND A CELLULAR RESPONSE IMPORTANT IN A DISEASE
PROCESS.
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IMMUNE DISORDERS
Many diseases and disorders result from defects in the immune system. Over 50
million people in the United States suffered from allergic and asthmatic
disorders in 1999. Anti-asthmatic and allergy relief medications exceeded $5
billion in worldwide sales in 1997 and have been growing at a 5% annual growth
rate. In 1999, another 3 million to 5 million patients in the United States were
treated for other immune disorders. We currently have six programs in immunology
focused on asthma/allergy (two programs), autoimmunity, transplant rejection,
rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease and three programs in cancer
focused on tumor growth.
ASTHMA/ALLERGY
IGE RECEPTOR ON MAST CELLS
The goal of this program is to identify compounds that inhibit the secretion of
inflammatory factors resulting from IgE binding to its receptor on mast cells.
IgE is one of several immunoglobulins produced by the body's immune system.
Currently, we have several preclinical candidate compounds which will enter
preclinical studies in animal models. Preliminary studies demonstrate that these
compounds inhibit the ability of IgE to activate its receptor on mast cells.
There is evidence in animal models and early clinical studies that blocking IgE
from binding to mast cells can reduce allergic symptoms in multiple species,
including humans. However, most programs in development today are intravenous
therapeutic antibodies. We believe that small molecule inhibitors of IgE could
play an important role in treatment of such chronic disorders.
IGE PRODUCTION IN B CELLS
In this program, we have been working with our partner, Pfizer, since
January 1999 to identify intracellular drug targets that control the production
of IgE in B cells. We have identified a protein target that appears to regulate
a key event in this pathway that leads to allergic and asthmatic symptoms and a
preclinical candidate compound in this program.
AUTOIMMUNITY & TRANSPLANT REJECTION
Autoimmunity disorders and organ transplant rejection are the result of
inappropriate activation of the immune system. Most existing therapies for
inflammatory diseases also have toxic side effects. A challenge facing all
research groups in this field has been the design of selective and specific
immune system therapeutics that affect only the pathological activities without
negatively affecting the protective activities of the immune system.
Our programs are designed to identify and validate novel molecules which
specifically signal cell activation and cell death, or apoptosis, of T cells and
B cells. Activation and apoptosis determine the quality, magnitude, and duration
of immune responses. Activation pathways are initiated by the binding of antigen
(foreign protein) to specific surface receptors on T cells or B cells. This sets
off an intracellular cascade of signals, resulting in changes in gene expression
and the production of proteins that drive the immune response or lead to
antibody production and secretion in B cells. The apoptosis signals prevent
overactivation or prolonged activation of the T and B cells, which can lead to
disease or organ rejection. We are identifying T cell and B cell-specific drug
targets that are effective in modulating immune-mediated processes.
B CELL ACTIVATION
The goal of the B cell activation program is to prevent antibody secretion by
activated B cells, an important mechanism in autoimmunity. We have commenced
screening using our post-genomics combinatorial biology technology and have
identified novel drug targets. This program has been partnered with Novartis
since August 1999.
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T CELL ACTIVATION
The goal of our T cell program is to identify early steps in the process of T
cell activation. We have commenced screening using our post-genomics
combinatorial biology technology and have identified novel drug targets. This
program has been partnered with Novartis since May 1999.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS & INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
We have programs directed at two different cellular pathways for these
inflammatory diseases:
E-3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE
This program is focused on characterizing and developing specific inhibitors of
protein-degrading enzymes, named E-3 ubiquitin ligases, in inflammation. The
levels of many intracellular proteins that play a critical role in signaling
pathways are regulated by this protein-degrading process. Many signaling
proteins control cell function through active intermediates whose levels vary
rapidly during different phases of a physiologic response. Disease processes can
be treated by up-regulating or down-regulating these key signaling proteins as a
way to enhance or dampen specific cellular responses. This principle has been
successfully used in the design of a number of therapeutics for the treatment of
inflammation. We also anticipate that, as the field of E-3 ubiquitin ligase
biology evolves, inhibitors can be identified which will have clinical utility
in metabolic diseases and possibly in neurodegenerative processes. We have
screened over 60,000 small molecules against several members of the E-3
ubiquitin ligase family, and have identified several small molecule compounds
which, based on preliminary data, appear to be potent and non-toxic inhibitors.
TNF PATHWAY
This second program focuses on blocking the inflammatory signals of the TNF
pathway, a pathway validated by existing antibody therapies as an important site
for therapeutic intervention. We have identified and validated several novel
members of this signaling pathway which are moving into both biochemical and
cell based high throughput compound screens. Our preliminary results suggest
that the targets we have identified in the TNF pathway regulate inflammatory
responses in specific cell types, thus potentially making small molecule
compounds directed at these targets more disease specific. In addition, these
small molecules will be less likely to exhibit the side effects of chronic
administration of anti-TNF antibodies or antibodies directed at the TNF
receptor.
Additionally, our scientists have identified potential drug targets in the TNF
pathway that protect T cells from apoptotic signals, and have used those
interactions to identify a protective protein termed Toso. When T cells are
activated, Toso production is activated and in turn causes other intracellular
proteins to block apoptotic signals. Thus Toso may protect activated T cells
from apoptosis. We are investigating Toso inhibition as a method of selectively
killing activated disease-causing T cells.
CANCER
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and
proliferation of cells. This growth invades vital organs and often results in
death. The United States market for branded cancer drugs totaled approximately
$7.0 billion in 1999 and is projected to grow at an 11% annual growth rate.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, exceeded only
by cardiovascular disease. In 1999, an estimated 1.2 million people were
diagnosed with cancer, and more than 500,000 patients died of cancer in the
United States. Although there have been improvements in cancer therapies over
the last decade, there remains a significant medical need for the development of
both more effective and less toxic drugs for these diseases.
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TUMOR GROWTH
We are currently pursuing three important pathways directed against tumor
growth:
CELL CYCLE INHIBITION
This program is directed toward the cell cycle checkpoint pathway. The
proliferation of normal cells is controlled by built-in safety mechanisms in the
cell cycle, termed checkpoints, that ensure that only cells with normal genetic
material can progress through the cell cycle and divide. Cells with genetic
mutations are recognized and shunted into the apoptosis pathway to protect the
organism from cancer and other genetic disorders. It is estimated that more than
50 percent of all human tumors contain cancer cells that have lost one or more
crucial checkpoint genes. Cancer cells also can carry mutations in another group
of normal cell genes that mimic extracellular proliferation signals, causing
tumor cells to continue to divide even in the absence of normal cell growth
signals. The net result of these genetic mutations is uncontrolled cell division
and disease. We have collaborated with our partner Janssen since December 1998
to identify intracellular drug targets involved in cell cycle control. We have
identified two validated targets in this program which are expected to enter
small molecule screens.
E-3 UBIQUITIN LIGASE
Our second antitumor program is focused on the E-3 ubiquitin ligase pathway. The
goal of this program is to examine specific inhibitors of ubiquitin ligases
implicated in regulating mitosis, or cell division, in a number of transformed
cell lines and normal cells. We also have identified several small molecule
compounds in this program.
ANGIOGENESIS
Our third antitumor program is directed toward the angiogenesis pathway.
Angiogenesis is defined as the growth of new blood vessels. In diseased
circumstances or in oxygen deficient conditions, angiogenesis is stimulated by
the synthesis and release of specific pro-angiogenic factors. In contrast to
normal angiogenesis, tumor angiogenesis is a continuous process. As a
significant proportion of tumors are dependent on continued angiogenesis,
inhibition of this process blocks tumor growth which often leads to complete
tumor deterioration. Thus, we believe therapeutic intervention of tumor-promoted
angiogenesis represents an important form of anti-tumor therapy. We have
established and initiated two screens in capillary endothelial cells using our
post-genomics combinatorial biology technology in order to identify targets in
the angiogenesis pathway.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES
Our research and development expenses were $14.8 million in 1999, $8.3 million
in 1998 and $4.6 million in 1997.
CORPORATE COLLABORATIONS
To fund a wide array of research and development programs, we have established
and will continue to pursue corporate collaborations with pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies. We currently have collaborations on six of our nine
research programs, including one with Janssen relating to oncology therapeutics
and diagnostics, one with Pfizer relating to asthma and allergy therapeutics,
three with Novartis relating to immunology, and one with Cell Genesys relating
to angiogenesis. In addition, we have collaborated with Neurocrine in order to
obtain rights to small chemical compounds.
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As of December 31, 1999, we had received a total of $21.4 million, including
$12.4 million in research funding from these collaborators. In addition, we have
a number of scientific collaborations with academic institutions and
biotechnology companies under which we have in-licensed technology. We intend to
pursue further collaborations as appropriate.
In most of our collaborations, inventions are intended to be owned by the
employer of the inventor or inventors thereof in accordance with United States
patent law, subject to licenses or assignments granted in the agreements.
JANSSEN
Effective December 1998, we entered into a three-year research collaboration
with Janssen, a Johnson & Johnson company, to identify, discover, and validate
novel drug targets that regulate cell cycle, and, specifically, the
identification of drug targets and the active peptides that bind to them that
can restore a mutated cell's ability to stop uncontrolled cell division. Under
the agreement, we will provide certain assays and associated technology to
Janssen for the assessment of the alteration or normalization of the
dysfunctional cell cycles of cancer cells for Janssen's internal research
purposes.
Once a drug target and the associated active peptide are identified and
validated, Janssen shall have the exclusive right to conduct compound screening
on such drug target and associated active peptide for three years thereafter. If
Janssen fails to initiate compound screening with the drug target and associated
active peptide during this three year period, or if screening is initiated by
Janssen but Janssen fails to pursue such screening in a manner consistent with
its normal business practices, Janssen will lose its rights to the drug target
and associated active peptide, and we shall have an exclusive license to the
drug target and associated active peptide on a worldwide, royalty-free basis.
Under the collaboration, Janssen has the exclusive right to utilize our
technology and technology developed during the collaboration to discover,
develop, identify, make, and commercialize certain products on a worldwide
basis. These products are:
- - diagnostic products which are either a component of a drug target and
associated active peptide, identified by or on behalf of us or Janssen in an
assay developed during the collaboration, or identified in a Janssen
screening assay as a result of Janssen's internal research;
- - products identified by or on behalf of Janssen as a result of Janssen's
internal research;
- - products identified by or on behalf of either us or Janssen in an assay
which incorporates a drug target and associated active peptide delivered to
Janssen by us; and
- - products which contain a component of a drug target and associated active
peptide, or the functional equivalent of a component.
Janssen also has a non-exclusive right to use our technology, and technology
developed during the research collaboration, to the extent necessary to use the
assays we transfer to Janssen for internal research. Janssen's rights are
subject to its obligation to provide research funding for the collaboration,
make milestone payments and up-front payments to us, and pay royalties to us on
the sales of products, as described above.
We will have the non-exclusive right to use any technology developed by Janssen
during the research collaboration, and any improvements to our technology
developed by Janssen during its internal research, on a royalty-free and
worldwide basis. However, during the first 18 months after the signing date of
the agreement, we may not enter into a research collaboration with a third party
to identify drug targets and the associated active peptides which cause
alterations in the cell cycle of human tumor cells.
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The research collaboration will terminate (three years after the effective date
of the agreement) unless the agreement is terminated, or the research
collaboration is extended for up to two additional one year periods at Janssen's
option.
The Johnson & Johnson Development Corporation, the investment entity affiliated
with Janssen, purchased 1,500,000 shares of our Series D preferred stock at a
price per share of $2.00 in connection with our Series D financing and purchased
166,666 shares of our Series E preferred stock at a price per share of $6.00 in
connection with our Series E financing.
PFIZER
Effective January 1999, we entered into a two-year research collaboration with
Pfizer, renewable by Pfizer for an additional year, to identify intracellular
drug targets that control the production of IgE, a key mediator in allergic
reactions and asthma in B cells. We will provide the following technology
developed or identified during and pursuant to the research collaboration to
Pfizer:
- - drug targets;
- - technology associated with identified drug targets;
- - technology necessary for Pfizer's performance of its research collaboration
obligations; and
- - technology necessary for Pfizer's performance of HTS on identified drug
targets.
Pfizer will exclusively own drug targets for which it has initiated HTS. We will
have no obligation to Pfizer with regard to any drug target Pfizer does not
select for HTS. During the research collaboration, we may not conduct research
within the scope of the research collaboration by ourselves or with any third
party except in connection with the research collaboration with Pfizer.
We and Pfizer each have the non-exclusive right to use for research purposes the
technology of the other which is disclosed or developed during the research
collaboration, excluding our peptide libraries and proprietary cell lines. Under
the collaboration, Pfizer also has the exclusive, worldwide right to develop and
market diagnostic and therapeutic products for humans and animals which were
identified by Pfizer in HTS and modulate the activity of a drug target
identified in the research collaboration. Pfizer's rights to develop and market
such products are subject to its obligation to provide research funding to us
for a minimum of two years, as well as cash, up front payments, research
milestones, and royalties on the sales of these products.
In addition to typical termination events, Pfizer may terminate this agreement
if Dr. Donald Payan's association with us as our chief scientific officer or
similar role ends and we and Pfizer cannot agree on a successor acceptable to
Pfizer.
Pfizer purchased 1,000,000 shares of Series D preferred stock at a price per
share of $2.00 in connection with our Series D financing.
NOVARTIS
In May 1999, we signed an agreement for the establishment of a broad
collaboration with Novartis, whereby the two companies will work together on
five different five-year research projects to identify drug targets for products
that can treat, prevent, or diagnose the effects of human disease. Two of the
research projects will be conducted jointly by Novartis and us, and the other
three research projects will be conducted at Novartis. The first research
project, a joint research project, is focused on identifying small molecule drug
targets that regulate T cells. The second research project, also a joint
research project, relates to the identification and validation of small molecule
drug targets that can
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mediate specific functions of B cells. The third research project, a project
carried out at Novartis, is focused on identifying small molecule drug targets
that regulate pulmonary inflammation. Novartis will select the remaining two
projects by May 2001.
Once a drug target from any of the five research projects has been identified
and validated, Novartis shall have the right to conduct compound screening on
such drug target on an exclusive basis for two years thereafter. Novartis will
have the option to extend this exclusive right for up to five additional
one-year periods so long as Novartis pays us an annual fee for such right and
satisfies certain diligence conditions. Upon the expiration or termination of
this right, both we and Novartis shall have the non-exclusive right to use, and
allow others to use, such drug target for compound screening.
Under the collaboration, Novartis has the non-exclusive right to utilize our
post-genomics combinatorial biology technology and two hybrid protein
interaction technology for confirmational and similar uses relating to validated
drug targets, including uses necessary for the further development,
registration, and commercialization of products whose principal mechanism of
action is based upon, derived or discovered from, or discovered with the use of,
a drug target. Novartis also has the exclusive right to utilize other of our
technology and technology developed during the collaboration, to make and
commercialize these products. Novartis' rights are subject to its obligation to
provide research funding for the joint research projects, to pay milestone
payments and up front payments to us, and to pay third party royalties
associated with Novartis' use of certain of our technology.
Under the collaboration, we will have the non-exclusive right to use any
improvements to our post-genomics combinatorial biology technology and two
hybrid protein interaction technology developed during a research project on a
royalty-free and worldwide basis.
Novartis may terminate the joint research projects two years after the
applicable commencement date, or three and one half years after the applicable
commencement date if Novartis gives six months prior notice of its termination.
In some circumstances, Novartis also may terminate either of the joint research
projects after the expiration of 12 months after the applicable commencement
date. Novartis may terminate the research projects to be conducted at Novartis
at any time.
Novartis purchased two million shares of our Series D preferred stock at a per
share purchase price of $2.00 in connection with our Series D financing.
Novartis agreed, in certain circumstances, to purchase up to $10.0 million of
our stock at our option. We expect to exercise this right to sell $10.0 million
of our common stock in a private placement transaction concurrent with this
public offering at the price per share at which our common stock will be sold in
this offering.
CELL GENESYS
In September 1999, we established a research collaboration and license agreement
with Cell Genesys. The goal of the research collaboration is to use our
post-genomics combinatorial biology technology to identify novel therapeutic
peptide, protein, and gene products in the field of gene therapy. Cell Genesys
also will be granted exclusive, royalty-free worldwide rights to make, use, and
commercialize therapeutic peptide, protein and gene products in the field of
gene therapy. Cell Genesys also will be granted the right to make and use the
intracellular drug targets with which their gene therapy products bind for the
sole purpose of the research and development of gene therapy products. Cell
Genesys also has the option to obtain rights under some of our cell lines and
associated technology to make and commercialize gene therapy products.
In exchange for our performance of the research and the license granted to Cell
Genesys, we were granted a royalty-free, worldwide right to some Cell Genesys
patents and technology pertaining to
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retroviral gene delivery technology for use in the field of our post-genomics
combinatorial biology. Each company will pay to the other company third-party
sublicensing fees and royalties associated with the grant of the licenses
discussed above, and fund their own research.
NEUROCRINE BIOSCIENCES
In addition to our nine programs focusing on specific disease mechanisms,
effective December 1997, we conducted a research collaboration with Neurocrine
to discover novel molecular targets involved in glial cell activation and to
discover small molecule inhibitors of protein interactions which are not
involved in glial cell activation.
Under the terms of the agreement, Neurocrine has the exclusive, royalty-free
right to utilize our technology and technology developed during the research
collaboration to develop, make, and commercialize on a worldwide basis, products
which incorporate or are discovered using a drug target involved in glial cell
activation or a peptide identified or produced by us which binds to this type of
drug target. We have the exclusive, royalty-free right to utilize Neurocrine
technology and technology developed during the research collaboration to
develop, make, and commercialize on a worldwide basis, products which
incorporate or are discovered using a drug target not involved in glial cell
activation or a peptide identified or produced by Neurocrine which binds to this
type of drug target. Each company will assign to the other company its rights in
proprietary technology and technology developed during the research
collaboration which is related to the other company's products described above.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
We will be able to protect our technology from unauthorized use by third parties
only to the extent that it is covered by valid and enforceable patents or are
effectively maintained as trade secrets. Accordingly, patents or other
proprietary rights are an essential element of our business. We have 47 pending
patent applications in the United States and corresponding foreign patent
applications. At least seven patent applications had been filed in the United
States by or on behalf of universities which had granted us exclusive license
rights to the technology. To date, no patents have issued to us but we have
received notification from the United States Patent Office that it intends to
allow claims in two of our patent applications. Our policy is to file patent
applications to protect technology, inventions and improvements to inventions
that are commercially important to the development of our business. We seek
United States and international patent protection for a variety of technologies,
including: new screening methodologies and other research tools; target
molecules that are associated with disease states identified in our screens; and
lead compounds that can affect disease pathways. We also intend to seek patent
protection or rely upon trade secret rights to protect other technologies that
may be used to discover and validate targets and that may be used to identify
and develop novel drugs. We seek protection, in part, through confidentiality
and proprietary information agreements. We are a party to various other license
agreements that give us rights to use technologies in our research and
development.
M&E has notified us that it expects to receive patent protection in European
countries for a process similar to certain aspects of our technologies. M&E has
indicated a willingness to license their intellectual property to us but has not
specified the terms for the license. We are currently reviewing their patent
file and evaluating whether or not to seek a license. We are also aware that M&E
has the option to seek patent protection in other parts of the world, including
the U.S., for the technology of
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its European patent protection. If M&E were to receive such patent protection,
it might conflict with or overlap with the patent rights we are pursuing. We
currently do not, and do not plan to, operate in any country outside the United
States.
COMPETITION
We face, and will continue to face intense competition from pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies, as well as academic and research institutions and
government agencies, both in the United States and abroad. Some of these
competitors are pursuing the development of pharmaceuticals that target the same
diseases and conditions as our research programs. Our major competitors include
fully integrated pharmaceutical companies that have extensive drug discovery
efforts and are developing novel small molecule pharmaceuticals. We face
significant competition from organizations that are pursuing the same or similar
technologies, including the discovery of targets that are useful in compound
screening, as the technologies used by us in our drug discovery efforts. Our
competitors or their collaborative partners may utilize discovery technologies
and techniques or partner more rapidly or successfully than we or our
collaborators are able to do.
Many of these companies and institutions, either alone or together with their
collaborative partners, have substantially greater financial resources and
larger research and development staffs than we do. In addition, many of these
competitors, either alone or together with their collaborative partners, have
significantly greater experience than we do in:
- - identifying and validating targets;
- - screening compounds against targets; and
- - undertaking preclinical testing and clinical trials.
Accordingly, our competitors may succeed in obtaining patent protection,
identifying or validating new targets or discovering new drug compounds before
us.
Competition may also arise from:
- - new or better methods of target identification or validation;
- - other drug development technologies and methods of preventing or reducing
the incidence of disease;
- - new small molecules; or
- - other classes of therapeutic agents.
Developments by others may render our product candidates or technologies
obsolete or noncompetitive. We face and will continue to face intense
competition from other companies for collaborative arrangements with
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, for establishing relationships with
academic and research institutions and for licenses to additional technologies.
These competitors, either alone or with their collaborative partners, may
succeed in developing technologies or products that are more effective than
ours.
Our ability to compete successfully will depend, in part, on our ability to:
- - identify and validate targets;
- - discover candidate drug compounds which interact with the targets we
identify;
- - attract and retain scientific and product development personnel;
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- - obtain patent or other proprietary protection for our new drug compounds and
technologies; and
- - enter commercialization agreements for our new drug compounds.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
If our potential preclinical compounds become ready to enter clinical testing,
our ongoing development activities will be subject to extensive regulation by
numerous governmental authorities in the United States and other countries,
including the FDA under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. The regulatory
review and approval process is expensive and uncertain. Securing FDA approval
requires the submission of extensive preclinical and clinical data and
supporting information to the FDA for each indication to establish a product
candidate's safety and efficacy. The approval process takes many years, requires
the expenditure of substantial resources and may involve ongoing requirements
for post-marketing studies. Before commencing clinical investigations in humans,
we must submit to, and receive approval from, the FDA of an IND. Clinical trials
are subject to oversight by institutional review boards and the FDA and:
- - must be conducted in conformance with the FDA's IND regulations;
- - must meet requirements for institutional review board oversight;
- - must meet requirements for informed consent;
- - must meet requirements for good clinical practices;
- - are subject to continuing FDA oversight;
- - may require large numbers of participants; and
- - may be suspended by us, our strategic partners, or the FDA at any time if it
is believed that the subjects participating in these trials are being
exposed to unacceptable health risks or if the FDA finds deficiencies in the
IND or the conduct of these trials.
Even if we are able to achieve success in our clinical testing, we, or our
collaborative partners, must provide the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities
with clinical data that demonstrates the safety and efficacy of our products in
humans before they can be approved for commercial sale. None of the product
candidates that we have internally developed has advanced to the stage of human
testing designed to determine safety, known as Phase I clinical trials. We do
not know when or if clinical trials will begin and, once begun, will not know
whether any such clinical trials will be successful or if such trials will be
completed on schedule or at all. We do not know whether any future clinical
trials will demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy necessary to obtain the
requisite regulatory approvals or will result in marketable products. Our
failure, or the failure of our strategic partners, to adequately demonstrate the
safety and efficacy of our products under development will prevent receipt of
FDA and similar foreign regulatory approval and, ultimately, commercialization
of our products.
Any clinical trial may fail to produce results satisfactory to the FDA.
Preclinical and clinical data can be interpreted in different ways, which could
delay, limit or prevent regulatory approval. Negative or inconclusive results or
adverse medical events during a clinical trial could cause a clinical trial to
be repeated or a program to be terminated. In addition, delays or rejections may
be encountered based upon additional government regulation from future
legislation or administrative action or changes in FDA policy or interpretation
during the period of product development, clinical trials and FDA regulatory
review. Failure to comply with applicable FDA or other applicable regulatory
requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or
seizure of products, total or partial
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suspension of production or injunction, as well as other regulatory action
against our potential products, collaborative partners or us. Additionally, we
have no experience in working with our partners in conducting and managing the
clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval.
Outside the United States, our ability to market a product is contingent upon
receiving a marketing authorization from the appropriate regulatory authorities.
The requirements governing the conduct of clinical trials, marketing
authorization, pricing and reimbursement vary widely from country to country. At
present, foreign marketing authorizations are applied for at a national level,
although within the European Union, or EU, registration procedures are available
to companies wishing to market a product in more than one EU member state. If
the regulatory authority is satisfied that adequate evidence of safety, quality
and efficacy has been presented, a marketing authorization will be granted. This
foreign regulatory approval process involves all of the risks associated with
FDA clearance.
Because we moved to a new facility in March 1999 designed to comply with all
applicable federal, state and local environmental and hazardous waste
regulations, we expect no additional substantial expenditures for this purpose.
The facility was also designed to comply with current earthquake design
criteria.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 1999, we employed 83 persons, of whom 23 hold PhD or MD
degrees and 3 hold other advanced degrees. Approximately 66 employees are
engaged in research and development, and 17 support administration, finance,
management information systems, facilities and human resources. None of our
employees is represented by a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we
experienced work stoppages. We believe that our relations with our employees are
good.
FACILITIES
Our facilities consist of approximately 61,000 square feet of research and
office space located at 240 East Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California
that is leased to us until 2016. We have options to renew these leases for 2
additional periods of 5 years each. We believe our facility will meet our space
requirements for research and development and administration functions through
the year 2001.
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SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD
We utilize scientists and physicians to advise us on scientific and medical
matters as part of our Scientific Advisory Board including, experts in human
genetics, mouse genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology,
chemistry, infectious diseases, immunology and structural biology. Generally,
each of our scientific and medical advisors and consultants receives an option
to purchase our common stock and an honorarium for time spent assisting us. The
following is a list of our Scientific Advisory Board members:
GARRY P. NOLAN, PHD our co-founder and Chairman of the Scientific Advisory
Board, is Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular Pharmacology and
Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University Medical Center.
ROBIN G. COOPER, DSC, PHD is former Research Advisor at Eli Lilly and Co., and
presently President of Cooper Consulting Inc.
CHARLES S. CRAIK, PHD is Professor of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacology,
Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Director of the Chemistry and Chemical Biology
Graduate Group at the University of California San Francisco.
DANIEL R. LITTMAN, MD PHD is the Coordinator of the Molecular Pathogenesis
Program, Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Professor of Microbiology
and Pathology at the New York University School of Medicine and Investigator,
Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
RICHARD LOCKSLEY, MD is Professor, Departments of Medicine and
Microbiology/Immunology, Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases, and
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, at the University of California
San Francisco.
RICHARD SCHELLER, PHD is Professor of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University.
KEVAN M. SHOKAT, PHD is Associate Professor of Cellular and Molecular
Pharmacology at the University of California San Francisco, and Department of
Chemistry at University of California Berkeley.
BRANIMIR I. SIKIC, MD is Professor of Medicine at Stanford University School of
Medicine, Director of the General Clinical Research Center at Stanford, and
Director of the Clinical Trials Office of the Stanford Clinical Cancer Center.
RICHARD ULEVITCH, PHD is Chairman of the Department of Immunology at the Scripps
Research Institute.
MATTHIAS WABL, PHD is Professor of Microbiology and Immunology in the Department
of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of California San Francisco.
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CLINICAL ADVISORY BOARD
In addition to our Scientific Advisory Board, we utilize a number of scientists
and physicians to advise us on the scientific and medical matters associated
with clinical trials. This group is known as our Clinical Advisory Board. The
following is a list of our Clinical Advisory Board members:
THOMAS A. RAFFIN, MD Chairman of our Clinical Advisory Board, is Colleen and
Robert Haas Professor of Medicine and Biomedical Ethics, Chief of the Division
of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and Co-Director of the Center for
Biomedical Ethics at Stanford University Medical Center.
DENNIS A. CARSON, MD is Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine at
the University of California San Diego and Director of the Sam and Rose Stein
Institute on Aging.
ALAN R. LEFF, MD is Professor of Medicine, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and
Physiology, Pediatrics, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Clinical Pharmacology and
Cell Physiology and Chief of the Division Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
ROBERT S. MUNFORD, MD is Professor of Internal Medicine and Microbiology at the
University of Texas Southwestern Medicine Center in Dallas, Texas.
GLENN D. ROSEN, MD is Assistant Professor in the Division of Pulmonary and
Critical Care Medicine at Stanford University Medical Center.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not a party to any pending material litigation.
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MANAGEMENT
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
Set forth below is the name, age, position and a brief account of the business
experience of each of our executive officers and directors.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME(3) AGE POSITION
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
James M. Gower.......................... 51 President, Chief Executive Officer and
Director
Donald G. Payan, MD..................... 51 Executive Vice President and Chief
Scientific Officer and Director
Brian C. Cunningham..................... 56 Senior Vice President, Chief Operating
Officer, Chief Financial Officer and
Secretary
James H. Welch.......................... 42 Vice President, Finance and
Administration and Assistant Secretary
Jean Deleage, PhD....................... 59 Director
Alan D. Frazier(1)(2)................... 48 Director
Stephen A. Sherwin, MD(1)............... 51 Director
Walter H. Moos, PhD(1)(2)............... 45 Director
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) MEMBER OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE.
(2) MEMBER OF THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE.
(3) OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS INTENDS TO APPOINT THOMAS VOLPE TO SERVE AS A
DIRECTOR PROMPTLY AFTER THE CLOSING OF THIS OFFERING. MR. VOLPE HAS
INDICATED TO US A WILLINGNESS TO SERVE ON OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS. MR. VOLPE
RECENTLY RETIRED AS CHAIRMAN OF VOLPE, BROWN, WHELAN & CO., AN INVESTMENT
BANKING FIRM.
JAMES M. GOWER Mr. Gower joined us as our President, Chief Executive Officer and
as a member of our board of directors in January 1997. From 1992 to March 1996,
Mr. Gower was President and Chief Executive Officer of Tularik, Inc., a
biotechnology company developing small-molecule drugs regulating gene
expression. Prior to Tularik, Mr. Gower spent 10 years at Genentech, Inc., a
biopharmaceutical company, where he most recently served as Senior Vice
President. During his ten years at Genentech, Mr. Gower was responsible for
business development and sales and marketing functions. In addition, he
established and managed Genentech's foreign operations in Canada and Japan and
served as President of Genentech Development Corporation. Mr. Gower serves on
the board of directors of Cell Genesys, Inc. He holds a BS and an MBA in
operations research from the University of Tennessee.
DONALD G. PAYAN, MD Dr. Payan is our co-founder, and has been a member of our
board of directors since July 1996 and has served as our Executive Vice
President and Chief Scientific Officer since January 1997. From January 1997 to
July 1998, he also served as our Chief Operating Officer. From July 1996 to
January 1997, Dr. Payan served as our President and Chief Executive Officer.
From December 1995 to May 1996, Dr. Payan was Vice President of AxyS
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a biopharmaceutical company. From September 1993 to
December 1995, Dr. Payan was the founder and Executive Vice President and Chief
Scientific Officer of Khepri Pharmaceuticals, Inc. which merged with AxyS
Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Payan continues his association with the University of
California, San Francisco, which began in 1982, where he is currently an Adjunct
Professor of Medicine and Surgery. Dr. Payan holds a BS and an MD from Stanford
University.
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MANAGEMENT
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BRIAN C. CUNNINGHAM Mr. Cunningham has been our Secretary since July 1996. In
July 1998, he joined us as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer and
in February 1999, he also became our Chief Financial Officer. From January 1989
to September 1998, Mr. Cunningham was a partner in the law firm Cooley Godward
LLP where he was head of the Life Sciences Group and the Health Care Group and
is currently Of Counsel. From May 1982 to December 1989, he served as Vice
President, Secretary and General Counsel of Genentech Inc. Mr. Cunningham holds
a BS in engineering science and a JD from Washington University.
JAMES H. WELCH Mr. Welch joined us as our Vice President, Finance and
Administration, and Assistant Secretary in May 1999. From June 1998 to
May 1999, he served as an independent consultant at various companies. From
February 1997 to June 1998, Mr. Welch served as Chief Financial Officer of
Biocircuits Corporation, a manufacturer of medical diagnostic equipment, and
from June 1992 to February 1997, he served as Corporate Controller of
Biocircuits. Previously, Mr. Welch held various positions at NeXT
Computer, Inc., most recently as Division Controller. Mr. Welch holds a BA in
business administration from Whitworth College and an MBA from Washington State
University.
JEAN DELEAGE, PHD Dr. Deleage joined us as a director in January 1997.
Mr. Deleage is a founder and managing general partner of Alta Partners, a
venture capital partnership investing in information technologies and life
science companies. From 1979 to 1996, Dr. Deleage was a managing partner of
Burr, Egan, Deleage & Co., a venture capital firm. Dr. Deleage was the founder
of Sofinnova, a venture capital organization in France, and Sofinnova, Inc., the
U.S. subsidiary of Sofinnova. Dr. Deleage currently serves on the board of
directors of Flamel Technologies S.A. Dr. Deleage received a Baccalaureate in
France, a Masters Degree in electrical engineering from the Ecole Superieure
d'Electricite, and a PhD in Economics from the Sorbonne.
ALAN D. FRAZIER Mr. Frazier joined us as a director in October 1997. In 1991,
Mr. Frazier founded Frazier & Company, a venture capital firm, and has served as
the managing principal since its inception. From 1983 to 1991, Mr. Frazier
served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of
Immunex Corporation, a biopharmaceutical company. From 1980 to 1983,
Mr. Frazier was a principal in the Audit Department of Arthur Young & Company
(now Ernst & Young). He also serves on the board of trustees of the Fred
Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, the Technology Alliance of Washington,
Voyager Capital's Advisory Board and the Washington Venture Capital Association.
Mr. Frazier holds a BA in economics from the University of Washington.
WALTER H. MOOS, PHD Dr. Moos joined us as a director since March 1997. Since
1997, Dr. Moos has served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
MitoKor, a biotechnology company. From 1991 to 1997, he served as Corporate Vice
President and Vice President, Research and Development in the Technologies
Division of Chiron Corporation, a biotechnology company. From 1982 to 1991,
Dr. Moos held several positions at the Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research
Division of the Warner-Lambert Company, last holding the position of Vice
President, Neuroscience and Biological Chemistry. He has been an Adjunct
Professor at the University of California, San Francisco, since 1992. Dr. Moos
holds an AB from Harvard University and a PhD in chemistry from the University
of California, Berkeley.
STEPHEN A. SHERWIN, MD joined us as a director in March 2000. Since June 1996,
Dr. Sherwin has served as Chairman of the Board of Abgenix, a biopharmaceutical
company. Since March 1994, he has served as Chairman of the Board of Cell
Genesys, and since March 1990, he has served as President, Chief Executive
Officer and director of Cell Genesys. From 1983 to 1990, Dr. Sherwin held
various positions at Genetech, most recently as Vice President, Clinical
Research. In addition to Abgenix and Cell Genesys, Dr. Sherwin currently serves
as a director of the California Healthcare Institute and Neurocrine Biosciences.
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Our executive officers are appointed by our board of directors and serve until
their successors are elected or appointed. There are no family relationships
among any of our directors or executive officers. No director has a contractual
right to serve as a member of our board of directors.
BOARD COMMITTEES
AUDIT COMMITTEE
Our audit committee, consisting of Drs. Deleage and Sherwin and Mr. Frazier,
reviews our internal accounting procedures and the services provided by our
independent auditors.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE
Our compensation committee, consisting of Mr. Frazier and Dr. Moos, reviews and
recommends to our board of directors the compensation and benefits of all our
officers and establishes and reviews general policies relating to compensation
and benefits of our employees.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
We do not provide cash compensation to members of our board of directors for
serving on our board of directors or for attendance at committee meetings.
Members of our board of directors are reimbursed for some expenses in connection
with attendance at board and committee meetings. In consideration for services
as a non-employee director, on November 12, 1998, we granted an option to
purchase 20,000 shares of common stock to Dr. Moos at an exercise price of $0.20
per share. The $0.20 per share exercise price for these options was equal to the
fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant as determined by our
board of directors. These options vest in a series of 36 equal monthly
installments beginning on the grant date of the option. On March 8, 2000, we
granted an option to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock to Dr. Sherwin at an
exercise price of $11.00 per share. The $11.00 per share exercise price for
these options was equal to the fair market of the common stock on the date of
grant as determined by our board of directors. These options vest in a series of
24 equal monthly installments beginning on the grant date of the option.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
Our compensation committee currently consists of Mr. Frazier and Dr. Moos.
Mr. Gower served on our compensation committee from February 1998 to January
2000. No current member of the compensation committee has been an officer or
employee of ours at any time. None of our executive officers serve as a member
of the board of directors or compensation committee of any other company that
has one or more executive officers serving as a member of our board of directors
or compensation committee. Prior to the formation of a compensation committee in
February 1998, the board of directors as a whole made decisions relating to
compensation of our executive officers.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation that we
paid during 1999 to our Chief Executive Officer and each of the four other most
highly compensated executive officers that earned more than $100,000 during
1999. All option grants were made under our 1997 Stock Option Plan.
SUMMARY COMPENSATION
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNUAL LONG TERM
COMPENSATION COMPENSATION
SECURITIES
UNDERLYING
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION SALARY BONUS OPTIONS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
James M. Gower ............................................. $255,000 -- 450,000
President, Chief Executive Officer
and Director
Donald G. Payan ............................................ 235,417 -- 150,000
Executive Vice President and Chief
Scientific Officer and Director
Brian C. Cunningham(1) ..................................... 250,000 -- --
Senior Vice President, Chief Operating
Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
James H. Welch(2) .......................................... 100,000 $25,000 150,000
Vice President, Finance and
Administration and Assistant Secretary
Donald W. Perryman(3) ...................................... 140,000 -- --
Former Vice President, Business Development
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) IN JANUARY 2000, WE GRANTED MR. CUNNINGHAM AN OPTION TO PURCHASE 200,000
SHARES OF COMMON STOCK AT AN EXERCISE PRICE OF $4.50 PER SHARE, WHICH WAS
EQUAL TO THE FAIR MARKET VALUE OF THE COMMON STOCK ON THE DATE OF GRANT AS
DETERMINED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THESE OPTIONS VEST MONTHLY OVER A
FOUR-YEAR PERIOD FROM THE DATE OF GRANT.
(2) MR. WELCH JOINED RIGEL IN MAY 1999. HIS ANNUALIZED 1999 SALARY WAS $150,000.
IN JANUARY 2000, WE GRANTED MR. WELCH AN OPTION TO PURCHASE 50,000 SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK AT AN EXERCISE PRICE OF $4.50 SHARE, WHICH WAS EQUAL TO THE
FAIR MARKET VALUE OF THE COMMON STOCK, ON THE DATE OF GRANT AS DETERMINED BY
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. THESE OPTIONS VEST MONTHLY OVER A FOUR-YEAR PERIOD.
(3) MR. PERRYMAN RESIGNED AS VICE PRESIDENT, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, EFFECTIVE
JANUARY 15, 2000.
The following table sets forth summary information regarding the option grants
made to our Chief Executive Officer and each of our four other most highly paid
executive officers during 1999. Options granted to purchase shares of our common
stock under our 1997 Stock Option Plan generally vest over a four-year or
five-year period. The exercise price per share is equal to the fair market value
of our common stock on the date of grant as determined by our board of
directors. The percentage of total options was calculated based on options to
purchase an aggregate of 2,449,000 shares of common stock granted to employees
under our stock option plan in 1999. The potential realizable value was
calculated based on the ten-year term of the options and assumed rates of stock
appreciation of 5% and 10%, compounded annually from the date the options were
granted to their expiration date based on the fair market value of the common
stock on the date of grant.
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OPTION GRANTS IN 1999
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INDIVIDUAL GRANTS POTENTIAL REALIZABLE
NUMBER VALUE AT ASSUMED
OF % OF TOTAL ANNUAL RATES OF
SECURITIES OPTIONS APPRECIATION OF STOCK
UNDERLYING GRANTED TO EXERCISE PRICE FOR OPTION TERM
OPTIONS EMPLOYEES IN PRICE/PER EXPIRATION
NAME GRANTED 1999 SHARE DATE 5% 10%
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
James M. Gower.................... 450,000 18.4% $0.20 2/11/09 $56,601 $143,437
Donald G. Payan................... 150,000 6.1 0.20 2/11/09 18,867 47,812
Brian C. Cunningham............... -- -- -- -- -- --
James H. Welch.................... 150,000 6.1 0.20 5/11/09 18,867 47,812
Donald W. Perryman................ -- -- -- -- -- --
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth summary information regarding the number and
value of options held as of December 31, 1999 for our Chief Executive Officer
and each of our four most highly compensated executive officers. Our Chief
Executive Officer and each of our four most highly compensated executive
officers did not acquire any shares upon exercise of options in 1999. Amounts
shown in the value of unexercised in-the-money options at December 31, 1999
column are based on an initial public offering price of $11.00 per share without
taking into account any taxes that may be payable in connection with the
transaction, multiplied by the number of shares underlying the option, less the
aggregate exercise price payable for these shares.
YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SECURITIES
UNDERLYING VALUE OF UNEXERCISED
UNEXERCISED OPTIONS IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS
AT DECEMBER 31, 1999 DECEMBER 31, 1999
NAME VESTED UNVESTED VESTED UNVESTED
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
James M. Gower....................................... 75,000 375,000 $810,000 $4,050,000
Donald G. Payan...................................... 25,000 125,000 270,000 1,350,000
Brian C. Cunningham.................................. 141,666 358,334 1,537,076 3,887,924
James H. Welch....................................... 0 150,000 -- 1,620,000
Donald W. Perryman................................... 58,333 41,667 635,830 454,170
</TABLE>
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
2000 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
Our board of directors adopted our 2000 Equity Incentive Plan on January 27,
2000, subject to stockholder approval. The 2000 Equity Incentive Plan is an
amendment and restatement of our 1997 Stock Option Plan.
SHARE RESERVE
We have reserved a total of 9,525,000 shares of our common stock for issuance
under the incentive plan. If the recipient of a stock award does not purchase
the shares subject to such stock award before the stock award expires or
otherwise terminates, the shares that are not purchased will again become
available for issuance under the incentive plan.
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MANAGEMENT
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ADMINISTRATION
The board administers the incentive plan unless it delegates administration to a
committee. The board has the authority to construe, interpret and amend the
incentive plan as well as to determine:
- - who will receive awards under the incentive plan;
- - the dates on which such awards will be granted;
- - the number of shares subject to the awards;
- - the vesting and/or exercisability of the awards;
- - the exercise price of the awards;
- - the type of consideration that may be used to satisfy the exercise price;
and
- - the other terms of the awards.
ELIGIBILITY
The board may grant incentive stock options that qualify under Section 422 of
the Internal Revenue Code to our employees and to the employees of our
affiliates. The board also may grant nonstatutory stock options, stock bonuses
and restricted stock purchase awards to our employees, directors and consultants
as well as to the employees, directors and consultants of our affiliates.
Our incentive plan includes the following features:
- - a stock option is a contractual right to purchase a specified number of our
shares at a specified price (exercise price) during a specified period of
time.
- - an incentive stock option is a stock option that meets the requirements of
Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. The holder of such an option will
not be required to pay tax on either the date of grant or the date of
exercise. If two holding period tests are met--more than two years between
grant date and sale date and more than one year between exercise date and
sale date--the optionholder will be taxed on the profit received on the
subsequent disposition of the option stock as long-term capital gain. If the
holding periods are not met, there has been a disqualifying disposition, and
the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the
shares on the exercise date will be taxed at ordinary income rates. The
difference between the fair market value on date of exercise and the
exercise price is an item of adjustment for purposes of the alternative
minimum tax unless there is a disqualifying disposition in the year of
exercise.
- - a nonstatutory stock option is a stock option that does not meet the
Internal Revenue Code criteria for qualifying as an incentive stock option.
Upon exercise of a nonstatutory option, the option holder will be required
to pay state and federal income tax and, if applicable, federal employment
taxes on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value
on the exercise date.
- - a restricted stock purchase award is an offer to purchase shares at a price
that is at or near the fair market value of the shares. A stock bonus, on
the other hand, is a grant of our shares at no cost to the recipient in
consideration for past services rendered. Such awards generally are subject
to a vesting schedule pursuant to which we may reacquire the shares subject
to either type of award at the original purchase price (which is zero in the
case of a stock bonus) if the recipient's service to us and our affiliates
terminates before the shares vest.
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The board may not grant an incentive stock option to any person who, at the time
of the grant, owns or is deemed to own stock possessing more than 10% of our
total combined voting power or the total combined voting power of an affiliate
of ours, unless the exercise price is at least 110% of the fair market value of
the stock on the grant date and the option term is no more than five years.
LIMITS ON OPTION GRANTS
There are limits on the number of shares that the board may grant under an
option.
- - section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code denies a deduction to publicly
held corporations for compensation paid to the corporation's chief executive
officer and its four highest compensated officers in a taxable year to the
extent that the compensation for each such officer exceeds $1,000,000. When
we become subject to Section 162(m), in order to prevent options granted
under the incentive plan from being included in such compensation, the
incentive plan provides that the board may not grant options under the
incentive plan to any employee covering an aggregate of more than 1,500,000
shares in any calendar year.
- - an employee may not receive incentive stock options that exceed the $100,000
per year limitation set forth in Section 422(d) of the Internal Revenue
Code. In calculating the $100,000 per year limitation, we consider the
aggregate number of shares under all incentive stock options granted to that
employee that will become exercisable for the first time during a calendar
year. For this purpose, we include incentive stock options granted under the
incentive plan as well as under any other stock plans that we and our
affiliates maintain. We then determine the aggregate fair market value of
shares subject to all such incentive stock options as of the grant date of
the options. Taking the options into account in the order in which they were
granted, we treat only the options covering the first $100,000 worth of
stock as incentive stock options. We treat any options covering stock in
excess of $100,000 as nonstatutory stock options.
OPTION TERMS
The board may grant incentive stock options with an exercise price of 100% or
more of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date.
It may grant nonstatutory stock options with an exercise price as low as 85% of
the fair market value of a share on the grant date.
THE MAXIMUM OPTION TERM IS 10 YEARS
The maximum term of options granted under our equity incentive plan is
10 years. The board may provide for exercise periods of any length following an
optionholder's termination of service in individual option grants. However,
generally options will provide that they terminate three months after the
optionholder's service to us and our affiliates terminates. If such termination
is due to the optionholder's disability, the exercise period generally is
extended 12 months. If such termination is due to the optionholder's death, or
if the optionholder dies within three months after his or her service
terminates, the exercise period generally is extended to 18 months following the
optionholder's death.
The board may provide for the transferability of nonstatutory stock options but
not incentive stock options. However, the optionholder may designate a
beneficiary to exercise either type of option following the optionholder's
death. If the optionholder does not designate a beneficiary, the optionholder's
option rights will pass to his or her heirs will or the laws of descent and
distribution.
TERMS OF OTHER STOCK AWARDS
The board determines the purchase price of other stock awards, which may not be
less than 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on the grant date.
However, the board may award stock bonuses in consideration of past services
without a cash purchase price. Shares that we sell or award
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MANAGEMENT
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
under the incentive plan may, but need not be, restricted and subject to a
repurchase option in our favor in accordance with a vesting schedule that the
board determines. The board, however, may accelerate the vesting of such awards.
OTHER PROVISIONS
Transactions not involving our receipt of consideration, such as a merger,
consolidation, reorganization, stock dividend, or stock split, may change the
class and number of shares subject to the incentive plan and to outstanding
awards. In that event, the board will appropriately adjust the incentive plan as
to the class and the maximum number of shares subject to the incentive plan and
to the Section 162(m) limit. It also will adjust outstanding awards as to the
class, number of shares and price per share applicable to such awards.
If we dissolve or liquidate, then outstanding stock awards will terminate
immediately prior to such event. However, we treat outstanding stock awards
differently in the following situations:
- - a sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of our
assets;
- - a merger or consolidation in which we are not the surviving corporation; or
- - a reverse merger in which we are the surviving corporation but the shares of
our common stock outstanding immediately before the merger are converted by
virtue of the merger into other property, such as securities or cash.
In these situations, the surviving corporation may either assume all outstanding
awards under the incentive plan or substitute other awards for the outstanding
awards. If the surviving corporation does not assume or substitute, then, for
award holders who are then providing services to us or our affiliates, the
vesting and exercisability of the awards will accelerate and the awards will
terminate immediately prior to the occurrence of the event described above. The
vesting and exercisability of awards held by award holders who are no longer
providing services to us or one of our affiliates will not accelerate. However,
those awards will also terminate immediately prior to the occurrence of the
event described above.
STOCK AWARDS GRANTED
As of December 31, 1999, 588,334 shares were issued upon the exercise of options
under our equity incentive plan, 2,500 shares of which have been repurchased;
options to purchase 5,242,004 shares were outstanding and 3,694,662 shares
remained available for grant.
PLAN TERMINATION
The incentive plan will terminate in 2010 unless the board terminates it sooner.
2000 NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS' STOCK OPTION PLAN
We adopted the 2000 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan on January 27,
2000, subject to stockholder approval. The directors' plan will become effective
on the effective date of this initial public offering. The directors' plan
provides for the automatic grant to our non-employee directors of options to
purchase shares of our common stock.
SHARE RESERVE
We have reserved a total of 300,000 shares of our common stock for issuance
under the directors' plan.
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MANAGEMENT
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If an optionholder does not purchase the shares subject to such option before
the option expires or otherwise terminates, the shares that are not purchased
again become available for issuance under the directors' plan.
ADMINISTRATION
The board administers the directors' plan unless it delegates administration to
a committee. The board has the authority to construe, interpret and amend the
directors' plan, but the directors' plan specifies the essential terms of the
options, including:
- - who will receive options under the directors' plan;
- - the dates on which such options will be granted;
- - the number of shares subject to the options;
- - the vesting schedule applicable to the options;
- - the exercise price of the options; and
- - the type of consideration that may be used to satisfy the exercise price.
ELIGIBILITY
Each non-employee director who is serving on the effective date of this offering
will automatically be granted an option to purchase 20,000 shares of common
stock. Each person who is elected or appointed to be a non-employee director for
the first time after the effective date of this offering will be granted an
option to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock upon such election or
appointment. In addition, each non-employee director who continues to serve as a
non-employee director automatically will be granted an option to purchase 5,000
shares of common stock on the day following each annual meeting of our
stockholders. The number of shares subject to the grants to be made following
each annual meeting will be pro-rated for any non-employee director who has not
continuously served as a director for the entire 12-month period prior to the
date of grant. The options will vest over 2 years in equal monthly installments
provided that the non-employee director continues to provide services to us or
one of our affiliates.
OPTION TERMS
Options granted under the directors' plan will have an exercise price equal to
100% of the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date and a term
of 10 years. As long as a non-employee director continues to serve with us or
with an affiliate of ours, whether in the capacity of a director, an employee or
a consultant, the non-employee's option will continue. Options will terminate
three months after the optionholder's service terminates. However, if such
termination is due to the optionholder's disability, the exercise period will be
extended to 12 months. If such termination is due to the optionholder's death or
if the optionholder dies within three months after his or her service
terminates, the exercise period will be extended to 18 months following death.
Optionholders may transfer options granted under the directors' plan by gift to
immediate family or, under certain circumstances, to a trust for estate-planning
purposes. Optionholders also may designate a beneficiary to exercise their
options following the optionholder's death. Otherwise, option exercise rights
will pass by the optionholder's will or by the laws of descent and distribution.
OTHER PROVISIONS
Transactions not involving our receipt of consideration, such as a merger,
consolidation, reorganization, stock dividend, or stock split, may change the
class and number of shares subject to
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MANAGEMENT
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the directors' plan and to outstanding options. In that event, the board will
appropriately adjust the directors' plan as to the class and the maximum number
of shares subject to the directors' plan. It also will adjust outstanding
options as to the class, number of shares and price per share applicable to such
options.
If we dissolve or liquidate, then outstanding options will terminate immediately
prior to such event. However, we treat outstanding options differently in the
following situations:
- - a sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of our
assets;
- - a merger or consolidation in which we are not the surviving corporation; or
- - a reverse merger in which we are the surviving corporation but the shares of
our common stock outstanding immediately before the merger are converted by
virtue of the merger into other property, such as securities or cash.
In these situations, the surviving corporation will either assume the options
outstanding under the directors' plan or substitute other options for the
outstanding options. If the surviving corporation does not assume or substitute
all outstanding options under the directors' plan, then the vesting and
exercisability of the options will accelerate and the options will terminate if
they are not exercised prior to the event described above.
OPTIONS ISSUED
We have not issued any options under the directors' plan.
PLAN TERMINATION
The directors' plan will terminate in 2010 unless the board terminates it
sooner.
2000 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
Our board adopted the 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan on January 27, 2000,
subject to stockholder approval.
SHARE RESERVE
We have authorized the issuance of 400,000 shares of our common stock pursuant
to purchase rights granted to eligible employees under the purchase plan. On the
anniversary of the effective date of this offering, starting with the
anniversary of this offering in 2001, the share reserve will automatically be
increased by a number of shares equal to the lesser of:
- - 1% of our then outstanding shares of common stock;
- - 400,000 shares; or
- - a number determined by our board of directors.
ELIGIBILITY
The purchase plan is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan
within the meaning of Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purchase
plan provides a means by which eligible employees may purchase our common stock
through payroll deductions. We implement the purchase plan by offerings of
purchase rights to eligible employees. Generally, all of our full-time employees
and full-time employees of our affiliates incorporated in the United States may
participate in offerings under the purchase plan. However, no employee may
participate in the purchase plan if, immediately
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MANAGEMENT
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after we grant the employee a purchase right, the employee has voting power over
5% or more of our outstanding capital stock. As of the date hereof, no shares of
common stock had been purchased under the purchase plan.
ADMINISTRATION
Under the purchase plan, the board may specify offerings of up to 27 months.
Unless the board otherwise determines, common stock will be purchased for
accounts of participating employees at a price per share equal to the lower of:
- - 85% of the fair market value of a share on the first day of the offering; or
- - 85% of the fair market value of a share on the purchase date.
For the first offering, which will begin on the effective date of this initial
public offering, we will offer shares registered on a Form S-8 registration
statement. The fair market value of the shares on the first date of this
offering will be the price per share at which our shares are first sold to the
public as specified in the final prospectus with respect to our initial public
offering. Otherwise, fair market value generally means the closing sales price
(rounded up where necessary to the nearest whole cent) for such shares (or the
closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on the Nasdaq National Market
on the trading day prior to the relevant determination date, as reported in The
Wall Street Journal.
The board may provide that employees who become eligible to participate after
the offering period begins nevertheless may enroll in the offering. These
employees will purchase our stock at the lower of:
- - 85% of the fair market value of a share on the day they began participating
in the purchase plan; or
- - 85% of the fair market value of a share on the purchase date.
If authorized by the board, participating employees may authorize payroll
deductions of up to 15% of their base compensation for the purchase of stock
under the purchase plan. Generally employees may end their participation in the
offering at any time up to 10 days before a purchase period ends. Their
participation ends automatically on termination of their employment or loss of
full-time status.
OTHER PROVISIONS
The board may grant eligible employees purchase rights under the purchase plan
only if the purchase rights, together with any other purchase rights granted
under other employee stock purchase plans established by us or by our
affiliates, if any, do not permit the employee's rights to purchase our stock to
accrue at a rate which exceeds $25,000 of fair market value of our stock for
each calendar year in which the purchase rights are outstanding.
Upon a change in control, a surviving corporation may assume outstanding
purchase rights or substitute other purchase rights therefor. If the surviving
corporation does not assume or substitute the purchase rights, the offering
period will be shortened and our stock will be purchased for the participants
immediately before the change in control.
DESCRIPTION OF 401(K) PLAN
We maintain a retirement and deferred savings plan for our employees. The
retirement and deferred savings plan is intended to qualify as a tax-qualified
plan under Section 401 of the Internal Revenue Code. The retirement and deferred
savings plan provides that each participant may contribute up to 20% of his or
her pre-tax compensation (up to a statutory limit, which is $10,500 in calendar
year 2000). Under the plan, each employee is fully vested in his or her deferred
salary contributions. Employee contributions are held and invested by the plan's
trustee. The retirement and deferred
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MANAGEMENT
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savings plan also permits us to make discretionary contributions, subject to
established limits and a vesting schedule. To date, we have not made any
discretionary contributions to the retirement and deferred savings plan on
behalf of participating employees.
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
In connection with the consummation of this offering, we will adopt and file an
amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated
bylaws. As permitted by Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation provides that no director will be personally liable to us or our
stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director,
except for liability:
- - for any breach of duty of loyalty to us or to our stockholders;
- - for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
- - for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or
redemptions under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or
- - for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation further provides that we
must indemnify our directors to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that:
- - we are required to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest
extent permitted by Delaware law, subject to limited exceptions;
- - we may indemnify our other employees and agents to the extent that we
indemnify our officers and directors, unless otherwise prohibited by law,
our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and
restated bylaws or agreements;
- - we are required to advance expenses to our directors and executive officers
as incurred in connection with legal proceedings against them for which they
may be indemnified; and
- - the rights conferred in the amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and
officers. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify each
director and officer to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including
indemnification for expenses such as attorneys' fees, judgments, fines and
settlement amounts incurred by the director or officer in any action or
proceeding, including any action by or in the right of Rigel, arising out of the
person's services as a director or officer of us, any subsidiary of ours or any
other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our
request. At present, we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or
proceeding involving any of our directors, officers, employees or agents in
which indemnification would be required or permitted. We believe that our
charter provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and
retain qualified persons as directors and officers.
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS AND TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS
We have an employment agreement with Dr. Payan, dated as of January 16, 1997,
and continuing indefinitely. Under the agreement, Dr. Payan is entitled to
receive an annualized base salary of
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MANAGEMENT
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$185,000 and was issued 750,000 shares of our common stock. As of January 16,
2000, all such shares were fully vested and not subject to repurchase by us.
Either Rigel or Dr. Payan may terminate his employment at any time for any
reason. If we terminate Dr. Payan without cause, he will receive a severance
payment equal to one year's salary.
We have an employment agreement with Donald Perryman dated as of January 16,
1997 and continuing indefinitely. Under the agreement, Mr. Perryman is entitled
to receive an annualized base salary of $140,000 and was granted an option to
purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock. These shares vest over a five-year
period. If Mr. Perryman's employment is terminated without cause within five
years and if less than one-fifth of the shares remain unvested, then all shares
shall become fully vested. Otherwise, one-fifth of the total shares shall
immediately vest upon termination. Either Rigel or Mr. Perryman may terminate
his employment at any time for any reason. If we terminate Mr. Perryman without
cause, he will receive a severance payment equal to one year's salary.
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Stock option grants to our executive officers and directors are described in
this prospectus under the heading "Management--Compensation of Directors,
- --Executive Compensation and --Employment Agreements and Termination of
Employment Agreements."
From January 31, 1997, through January 31, 2000, the following executive
officers, directors and holders of more than 5% of our voting securities
purchased securities in the amounts and as of the dates set forth below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PREFERRED STOCK
DIRECTORS AND COMMON SERIES D
5% STOCKHOLDERS(1) STOCK SERIES A SERIES B SERIES C SERIES D WARRANTS SERIES E(3)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
DIRECTOR
Tak W. Mak(2)....... 50,000 -- -- -- -- -- --
FIVE PERCENT
STOCKHOLDERS
Entities affiliated
with
Alta Partners(4)... -- -- 2,500,000 1,403,509 558,107 55,640 166,667
Entities affiliated
with Frazier and
Company, Inc.(5)... -- -- -- 3,649,123 521,596 52,000 125,000
Johnson & Johnson
Development
Corporation........ -- -- -- -- 1,500,000 -- 166,666
Entities affiliated
with Lombard Odier
& Cie.............. -- -- 3,750,000 2,105,263 837,161 83,460 500,000
Novartis Pharma AG.. -- -- -- -- 2,000,000 -- --
Price Per Share....... $4.50 $0.80 $1.14 $2.00 $2.00 $6.00
Date(s) of
Purchase............ 01/00 1/97 11/97 12/98-5/99 12/98 2/00
</TABLE>
- ------------
(1) SEE "PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS" FOR MORE DETAIL ON SHARES HELD BY THESE
PURCHASERS.
(2) DR. MAK RESIGNED AS A DIRECTOR MARCH 8, 2000.
(3) THE CLOSING OF THE SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK FINANCING OCCURRED ON
FEBRUARY 3, 2000.
(4) MR. DELEAGE, ONE OF OUR DIRECTORS, IS THE MANAGING GENERAL PARTNER OF ALTA
PARTNERS.
(5) MR. FRAZIER, ONE OF OUR DIRECTORS, IS THE MANAGING PRINCIPAL OF FRAZIER AND
COMPANY, INC.
Upon the closing of this offering, all shares of our outstanding preferred stock
will automatically convert into shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis.
We have entered into an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement with
each of the purchasers of preferred stock set forth above, pursuant to which
these and other stockholders will have registration rights with respect to their
shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of their preferred stock
following this offering.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain
officers for the indemnification and advancement of expenses to these persons to
the fullest extent permitted by law. We also intend to enter into those
agreements with our future directors and officers.
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
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In September 1999, we established a research collaboration and license agreement
with Cell Genesys, Inc. James Gower, our President and Chief Executive Officer,
serves on the board of directors of Cell Genesys.
We believe that all of the transactions set forth above were made on terms no
less favorable to us than could have been obtained from unaffiliated third
parties. All future transactions, including loans, between us and our officers,
directors, principal stockholders and their affiliates will be approved by a
majority of our board of directors, including a majority of the independent and
disinterested directors, and will be on terms no less favorable to us than could
be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table shows information known to us with respect to the beneficial
ownership of our common stock as of December 31, 1999, and as adjusted to
reflect the sale of the shares of common stock offered under this prospectus by:
- - each person or group who beneficially owns more than 5% of our common stock;
- - our chief executive officer;
- - each of our four other most highly compensated executive officers whose
compensation exceeded $100,000 during 1999;
- - each of our directors; and
- - all of our directors and executive officers as a group.
Beneficial ownership of shares is determined under the rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission and generally includes any shares over which a person
exercises sole or shared voting or investment power. Except as indicated by
footnote, and subject to applicable community property laws, each person
identified in the table possesses sole voting and investment power with respect
to all shares of common stock held by them. Shares of common stock subject to
options currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 1999
and not subject to repurchase as of that date are deemed outstanding for
calculating the percentage of outstanding shares of the person holding these
options, but are not deemed outstanding for calculating the percentage of any
other person. Applicable percentage ownership in the following table is based on
27,708,051 shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 1999, after
giving effect to the issuance of 2,558,330 shares of Series E preferred stock on
February 3, 2000, and the conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred
stock into common stock upon the closing of this offering, and 37,617,141 shares
of common stock outstanding immediately following the completion of this
offering. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each of the named
individuals is c/o Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 240 East Grand Avenue, South San
Francisco, California 94080.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
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AMOUNT AND NATURE OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES ISSUABLE
PURSUANT TO
OPTIONS PERCENT OF TOTAL
EXERCISABLE OUTSTANDING SHARES
OUTSTANDING WITHIN 60 DAYS BENEFICIALLY OWNED
SHARES OF OF
COMMON DECEMBER 31, PRIOR THE AFTER THE
BENEFICIAL OWNER STOCK 1999 OFFERING OFFERING
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
FIVE PERCENT STOCKHOLDERS
Entities affiliated with Lombard Odier & Cie(1)............ 7,275,884 -- 26.2% 19.3%
11. rue de la Corraterie
1211 Geneve 11
Switzerland
Entities affiliated with Alta Partners(2).................. 4,683,923 -- 16.9 12.4
One Embarcadero Center, Suite 4050
San Francisco, CA 94111
Entities affiliated with Frazier and Company, Inc.(3)...... 4,347,719 -- 15.7 11.5
601 Union Street, Suite 2110
Seattle, WA 98101
Novartis Pharma AG......................................... 2,000,000 -- 7.2 5.3
Head Financial Investments
CH-4002
Basel, Switzerland
Johnson & Johnson Development Corporation(4)............... 1,666,666 -- 6.0 4.4
One Johnson & Johnson Plaza
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
DIRECTORS AND NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
James M. Gower............................................. 500,000 90,000 2.1 1.6
Donald G. Payan............................................ 750,000 30,000 2.8 2.1
Brian C. Cunningham........................................ -- 162,499 * *
James H. Welch............................................. -- 1,041 * *
Donald W. Perryman(5)...................................... -- 61,666 * *
Jean Deleage(2)............................................ 4,683,923 -- 16.9 12.4
Alan D. Frazier(3)......................................... 4,347,719 -- 15.7 11.5
Walter H. Moos............................................. -- 8,333 * *
Stephen A. Sherwin(6)...................................... -- -- * *
All executive officers and directors as a 10,281,642 291,873 37.6% 27.8%
group (8 people) (7).....................................
</TABLE>
- ------------
* LESS THAN ONE PERCENT (1%).
(1) INCLUDES 4,587,161 SHARES HELD BY LOMBARD ODIER & CIE AND 2,105,263 SHARES
HELD BY RYCO AND CO. ALSO INCLUDES 83,460 SHARES ISSUABLE UPON THE EXERCISE
OF OUTSTANDING WARRANTS WITHIN 60 DAYS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999. INCLUDES
500,000 SHARES OF SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED ON FEBRUARY 3, 2000.
(2) INCLUDES 4,524,905 SHARES HELD BY ALTA CALIFORNIA PARTNERS, L.P. AND 103,378
SHARES HELD BY ALTA EMBARCADERO PARTNERS, LLC. ALSO INCLUDES 54,400 SHARES
AND 1,240 SHARES ISSUABLE UPON THE EXERCISE OF OUTSTANDING WARRANTS WITHIN
60 DAYS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999 BY ALTA CALIFORNIA PARTNERS, L.P. AND ALTA
EMBARCADERO PARTNERS, LLC, RESPECTIVELY. ALSO INCLUDES 162,943 SHARES AND
3,723 SHARES OF SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED TO ALTA CALIFORNIA PARTNERS,
L.P. AND ALTA EMBARCADERO PARTNERS, LLC, RESPECTIVELY, ON FEBRUARY 3, 2000.
DR. DELEAGE, A MANAGING GENERAL PARTNER OF ALTA PARTNERS, DISCLAIMS
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF THE SHARES HELD BY FUNDS AFFILIATED WITH ALTA
PARTNERS EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF HIS PROPORTIONATE PECUNIARY INTEREST
THEREIN.
(3) INCLUDES 15,144 SHARES HELD BY FRAZIER AND COMPANY, INC. AND 4,155,755
SHARES HELD BY FRAZIER HEALTHCARE II, L.P. ALSO INCLUDES 51,820 SHARES
ISSUABLE UPON THE EXERCISE OF AN OUTSTANDING WARRANT WITHIN 60 DAYS OF
DECEMBER 31, 1999 BY FRAZIER HEALTHCARE II, L.P. ALSO INCLUDES
125,000 SHARES OF SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED TO FRAZIER HEALTHCARE II,
L.P. ON FEBRUARY 3, 2000. MR. FRAZIER, A MANAGING PRINCIPAL OF FRAZIER AND
COMPANY, INC., DISCLAIMS BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF THE SHARES HELD BY FRAZIER
AND COMPANY, INC. AND FRAZIER HEALTHCARE II, L.P. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF
HIS PROPORTIONATE PECUNIARY INTEREST THEREIN.
(4) INCLUDES 166,666 SHARES OF SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK ISSUED ON FEBRUARY 3,
2000.
(5) MR. PERRYMAN RESIGNED AS VICE PRESIDENT, BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT, EFFECTIVE
JANUARY 15, 2000.
(6) DR. SHERWIN WAS APPOINTED TO THE COMPANY'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON MARCH 8,
2000. IN CONNECTION WITH HIS APPOINTMENT TO THE BOARD, DR. SHERWIN RECEIVED
AN OPTION TO PURCHASE 20,000 SHARES OF THE COMPANY'S COMMON STOCK, NONE OF
WHICH ARE IMMEDIATELY EXERCISABLE.
(7) INCLUDES AN AGGREGATE OF 107,460 SHARES ISSUABLE UPON THE EXERCISE OF
WARRANTS THAT ARE EXERCISABLE WITHIN 60 DAYS OF DECEMBER 31, 1999. ALSO
INCLUDES AN AGGREGATE OF 341,666 SHARES OF SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK AND
50,000 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK ISSUED ON FEBRUARY 3, 2000 AND JANUARY 27,
2000, RESPECTIVELY.
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63
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
Upon the closing of this offering and the filing of our amended and restated
certificate of incorporation, our authorized capital stock will consist of
100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, and 10,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, $0.001 par value.
COMMON STOCK
As of December 31, 1999, there were 27,708,051 shares of common stock
outstanding that were held of record by approximately 65 stockholders after
giving effect to the issuance of 2,558,330 shares of Series E preferred stock on
February 3, 2000 and the conversion of our preferred stock into common stock at
a one-to-one ratio. There will be 37,617,141 shares of common stock outstanding
(assuming no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option and no exercise
of outstanding options) after giving effect to the sale of the shares of common
stock offered by this prospectus.
The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters
submitted to a vote of our stockholders and do not have cumulative voting
rights. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of common stock
entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors
standing for election. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any
preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of
common stock are entitled to receive ratably any dividends out of assets legally
available therefor as our board of directors may from time to time determine.
Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Rigel, holders of our common
stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of
liabilities and the liquidation preference of any then outstanding shares of
preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights
or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions
applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully
paid and nonassessable.
PREFERRED STOCK
Pursuant to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our board of
directors will have the authority, without further action by the stockholders,
to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, in one or more series. Our
board shall determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of
the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting
rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences, sinking fund terms and the
number of shares constituting any series or the designation of any series. The
issuance of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power of holders
of common stock, and the likelihood that holders of preferred stock will receive
dividend payments and payments upon liquidation may have the effect of delaying,
deferring or preventing a change in control of Rigel, which could depress the
market price of our common stock. We have no present plan to issue any shares of
preferred stock.
WARRANTS
As of December 31, 1999, three warrants to purchase an aggregate of 150,000
shares of our common stock were outstanding. These warrants shall expire upon
the earlier of (i) June 1, 2008, or (ii) seven years after the closing of the
initial public offering of our stock and entitle the holders of these warrants
to purchase up to 150,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.14 per
share, subject to adjustment in the event of a merger, reorganization or sale of
Rigel. These warrants give the holders the right of a net issue election.
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64
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of December 31, 1999, one warrant to purchase 175,000 shares of our Series B
preferred stock was outstanding. This warrant automatically convert upon the
earlier of (i) April 30, 2004, or (ii) a merger or reorganization involving
Rigel and entitles the holder of this warrant to purchase up to 175,000 shares
of our Series B preferred stock at a price of $0.80 per share, subject to
adjustment in the event of a merger, reorganization or sale of Rigel. This
warrant gives the holder the right of a net issue election.
As of December 31, 1999, one warrant to purchase 131,578 shares of our Series C
preferred stock was outstanding. This warrant shall expire upon June 30, 2005
and entitles the holder of this warrant to purchase up to 131,578 shares of our
Series C preferred stock at a price of $1.14 per share, subject to adjustment in
the event of a merger, reorganization or sale of us. This warrants gives the
holder the right of a net issue election.
As of December 31, 1999, four warrants to purchase an aggregate of 190,920
shares of our Series D preferred stock were outstanding. These warrants shall
expire upon the earlier of (i) the closing of the initial public offering of our
stock, (ii) a reorganization, merger or sale of Rigel, or (iii) December 3, 2003
and entitle the holders of these warrants to purchase up to 190,920 shares of
our Series D preferred stock at a price of $2.00 per share, subject to
adjustment in the event of a merger, reorganization or sale of us. These
warrants give the holders the right of a net issue election.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
Upon completion of this offering, holders of an aggregate of 23,947,217 shares
of common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 497,498 shares of
common stock will be entitled to rights to register these shares under the
Securities Act. These rights are provided under an Amended and Restated
Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 3, 2000, and under agreements with
similar registration rights. If we propose to register any of our securities
under the Securities Act, either for our own account or for the account of
others, the holders of these shares are entitled to notice of the registration
and are entitled to include, at our expense, their shares of common stock in the
registration and any related underwriting, provided, among other conditions,
that the underwriters may limit the number of shares to be included in the
registration and in some cases, including this offering, exclude these shares
entirely. In addition, the holders of these shares may require us, at our
expense and on not more than two occasions at any time beginning six months from
the date of the closing of this offering, to file a registration statement under
the Securities Act with respect to their shares of common stock, and we will be
required to use our best efforts to effect the registration. Further, the
holders may require us at our expense to register their shares on Form S-3 when
this form becomes available.
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW AND OUR CHARTER
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS
We are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In
general, the statute prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from
engaging in any business combination with any interested stockholder for a
period of three years following the date that the stockholder became an
interested stockholder unless:
- - prior to the date, our board of directors approved either the business
combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an
interested stockholder;
- - upon consummation of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder's
becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at
least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
65
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding those shares
owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and by employee stock
plans in which shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender
or exchange offer; or
- - on or subsequent to this date, the business combination is approved by our
board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of
stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at
least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock that is not owned by the
interested stockholder.
Section 203 defines "business combination" to include:
- - any merger or consolidation involving the corporation and the interested
stockholder;
- - any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition involving the interested
stockholder of 10% or more of the assets of the corporation;
- - subject to exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or
transfer by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the
interested stockholder; and
- - the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans,
advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or
through the corporation.
In general, Section 203 defines an interested stockholder as any entity or
person beneficially owning 15% or more of the outstanding voting stock of the
corporation and any entity or person affiliated with or controlling or
controlled by the entity or person.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires that upon
completion of the offering, any action required or permitted to be taken by our
stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of
stockholders and may not be effected by a consent in writing. Additionally, our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation:
- - substantially limits the use of cumulative voting in the election of
directors;
- - provides that the authorized number of directors may be changed only by
resolution of our board of directors; and
- - authorizes our board of directors to issue blank check preferred stock to
increase the amount of outstanding shares.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that candidates for director may be
nominated only by our board of directors or by a stockholder who gives written
notice to us no later than 60 days prior nor earlier than 90 days prior to the
first anniversary of the last annual meeting of stockholders. The authorized
number of directors is fixed in accordance with our amended and restated
certificate of incorporation. Our board of directors may appoint new directors
to fill vacancies or newly created directorships. Our amended and restated
bylaws also limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders.
Upon completion of the offering, the terms of the board of directors will be
divided into three classes each with a term of three years: Class I, whose term
will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2001; Class II,
whose term will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to be held in 2002;
and Class III, whose term will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders to
be held in 2003. The Class I directors are Messrs. Frazier and Deleage, the
Class II directors are Messrs. Sherwin and Moos, and the Class III directors are
Messrs. Gower and Payan. At each annual meeting of
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66
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
stockholders after the initial classification, the successors to directors whose
terms expire will be elected to serve a term of three years. This classification
of directors may have the effect of delaying or preventing changes in our
control.
Delaware law and these charter provisions may have the effect of deterring
hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control of our management, which could
depress the market price of our common stock.
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is Norwest Bank Minnesota,
N.A.
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67
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock.
Future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market
could adversely affect prevailing market prices. Furthermore, since no shares
will be available for sale shortly after this offering because of contractual
and legal restrictions on resale as described below, sales of substantial
amounts of our common stock in the public market after these restrictions lapse
could adversely affect the prevailing market price and our ability to raise
equity capital in the future.
Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding an aggregate of
37,617,141 shares of common stock, assuming no exercise of the underwriters'
over-allotment option and no exercise of outstanding options or warrants after
December 31, 1999. Of these shares, all of the shares sold in this offering will
be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the
Securities Act, unless these shares are purchased by affiliates. The remaining
27,708,051 shares of common stock held by existing stockholders are restricted
securities, including the issuance of 2,558,330 shares of Series E preferred
stock on February 3, 2000. Restricted securities may be sold in the public
market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from registration
described below under Rules 144, 144(k) or 701 promulgated under the Securities
Act.
As a result of the contractual restrictions described below and the provisions
of Rules 144, 144(k) and 701, the restricted shares will be available for sale
in the public market as follows:
- - no shares will be eligible for sale upon completion of this offering;
- - 25,149,721 shares will be eligible for sale upon the expiration of the
lock-up agreements, described below, beginning 180 days after the date of
this prospectus;
- - 2,558,330 shares will be eligible for sale at various times after the date
of this prospectus; and
- - 2,375,593 shares will be eligible for sale upon the exercise of vested
options 180 days after the date of this prospectus.
LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS
All of our officers, directors and some of our stockholders and option holders
have agreed not to transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of
our common stock or any securities convertible into shares or exercisable or
exchangeable for shares of our common stock, for a period of at least 180 days
after the date of this prospectus. Transfers or dispositions can be made sooner
only with the prior written consent of Warburg Dillon Read LLC.
RULE 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after the
date of this prospectus a person or persons whose shares are aggregated, who has
beneficially owned restricted securities for at least one year, including the
holding period of any prior owner except an affiliate, would be entitled to sell
within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the
greater of:
- - 1% of the number of shares of our common stock then outstanding, which will
equal approximately 376,171 shares immediately after this offering; or
- - the average weekly trading volume of our common stock on the Nasdaq National
Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on
Form 144 with respect to the sale.
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68
<PAGE>
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to manner of sale provisions and notice
requirements and to the availability of current public information about Rigel.
RULE 144(k)
Under Rule 144(k), a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates
at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned
the shares proposed to be sold for at least two years, including the holding
period of any prior owner except an affiliate, is entitled to sell these shares
without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation
or notice provisions of Rule 144. 9,417,044 shares of our common stock will
qualify as "144(k) shares" within 180 days after the date of this prospectus.
RULE 701
In general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act as currently in effect, any of
our employees, consultants or advisors, other than affiliates, who purchases or
receives shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock purchase plan or
option plan or other written agreement will be eligible to resell their shares
beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, subject only to the manner
of sale provisions of Rule 144, and by affiliates under Rule 144 without
compliance with its holding period requirements.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
Upon completion of this offering, the holders of an aggregate of 23,947,217
shares of our common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 497,498
shares of common stock, or their transferees, will be entitled to rights with
respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act.
Registration of their shares under the Securities Act would result in these
shares becoming freely tradeable without restriction under the Securities Act,
except for shares purchased by affiliates, immediately upon the effectiveness of
such registration.
STOCK OPTIONS
Following this offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8
under the Securities Act covering the shares of common stock reserved for
issuance under our 2000 Equity Incentive Plan, 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
and 2000 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan that will become effective
upon filing. Accordingly, shares registered under that registration statement
will, subject to Rule 144 volume limitations applicable to affiliates, be
available for sale in the open market after the filing, except those shares
subject to lock-up agreements.
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69
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDERWRITING
We and the underwriters of the offering have entered into an underwriting
agreement concerning the shares being offered. Subject to conditions, each
underwriter has severally agreed to purchase the number of shares indicated in
the following table. Warburg Dillon Read LLC, FleetBoston Roberston
Stephens Inc. and Prudential Securities Incorporated are the representatives of
the underwriters.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNDERWRITERS NUMBER OF SHARES
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Warburg Dillon Read LLC.....................................
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens Inc..........................
Prudential Securities Incorporated..........................
------
Total...................................................
======
</TABLE>
If the underwriters sell more shares than sell more shares than the total number
set forth in the table above, the underwriters have a 30-day option to by from
us up to an additional shares at the initial public offering prices
less the underwriting discounts and commissions to cover these sales. If any
shares are purchased under this option, the underwriters will severally purchase
shares in approximately the same proportion as set forth in the table above.
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and
commissions we will pay to the underwriters. These amounts are shown assuming
both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to
an additional shares.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NO EXERCISE FULL EXERCISE
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Per share................................................... $ $
Total................................................... $ $
</TABLE>
We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding
underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $ .
Shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the
initial public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Any
shares sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount
of up to $ per share from the initial public offering price. Any of these
securities dealers may resell any shares purchased from the underwriters to
other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to $ per share from the initial
public offering price. If all the shares are not sold at the initial public
offering price, the representative may change the offering price and the other
selling terms.
The underwriters have informed us that they do not expect discretionary sales to
exceed % of the shares of common stock to be offered.
We, our directors, officers, stockholders and optionholders have agreed with the
underwriters not to offer, sell, contract to sell, hedge or otherwise dispose
of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC, a registration statement under
the Securities Act relating to any of its common stock or securities convertible
into or exchangeable for shares of common stock during the period from the date
of this prospectus continuing through the date 180 days after the date of this
prospectus, without the prior written consent of Warburg Dillon Read LLC.
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70
<PAGE>
UNDERWRITING
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock.
The initial public offering price will be negotiated by us and the
representatives. The principal factors to be considered in determining the
initial public offering price include:
- - the information set forth in this prospectus and otherwise available to the
representatives;
- - the history and the prospects for the industry in which we compete;
- - the ability of our management;
- - our prospects for future earnings, the present state of our development, and
our current financial position;
- - the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this
offering; and
- - the recent market prices of, and the demand for, publicly traded common
stock of generally comparable companies.
In connection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell shares
of common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales,
stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover positions created by short
sales. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of
shares than they are required to purchase in the offering. Stabilizing
transactions consist of bids or purchases made for the purpose of preventing or
retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock while the offering
is in progress.
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular
underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount
received by it because the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or
for the account of that underwriter in stabilizing or short covering
transactions.
These activities by the underwriters may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect
the market price of the common stock. As a result, the price of the common stock
may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If
these activities are commenced, they may be discontinued by the underwriters at
any time. These transactions may be effected on the Nasdaq National Market, in
the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
We have agreed to indemnify the several underwriters against some liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to
contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect
thereof.
Prudential Securities Incorporated facilitates the marketing of new issues
online through its PrudentialSecurities.com division. Clients of Prudential
Advisor(SM), a full service brokerage firm program, may view offering terms and
a prospectus online and place orders through their financial advisors.
LEGAL MATTERS
Cooley Godward LLP, Palo Alto, California, will provide us with an opinion as to
the validity of the common stock offered under this prospectus. Brobeck,
Phleger & Harrison LLP, Broomfield, Colorado, will pass upon certain legal
matters related to this offering for the underwriters. As of the date of this
prospectus, certain partners and associates of Cooley Godward LLP own an
aggregate of 78,860 shares of our common stock through investment partnerships.
Brian Cunningham, our Senior Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary, is Of Counsel with Cooley Godward and
participates in their investment partnerships. Mr. Cunningham currently holds
options to purchase 700,000 shares of our common stock.
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71
<PAGE>
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EXPERTS
Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, have audited our financial statements
at December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1999, and for the years ended December 31,
1997, 1998 and 1999, as set forth in their report. We have included our
financial statements in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration
statement in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's report, given on their authority as
experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") a
registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the
shares of common stock offered under this prospectus. This prospectus does not
contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits
and schedule to the registration statement. For further information with respect
to us and our common stock, we refer you to the registration statement and to
the exhibits and schedule to registration statement. Statements contained in
this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or any other document
referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to
the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the
registration statement. Each of these statements is qualified in all respects by
this reference. You may inspect a copy of the registration statement without
charge at the SEC's principal office in Washington, D.C., and copies of all or
any part of the registration statement may be obtained from the Public Reference
Section of the SEC, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, upon payment
of fees prescribed by the SEC. The SEC maintains a World Wide Web site that
contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information
regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the
Web site is http://www.sec.gov. The SEC's toll free investor information service
can be reached at 1-800-SEC-0330. Information contained on our website does not
constitute part of this prospectus.
Upon completion of the offering, we will be subject to the information reporting
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and we will
file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.
We intend to furnish our stockholders with annual reports containing financial
statements audited by our independent public accountants and quarterly reports
for the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year containing unaudited
interim financial information. Our telephone number is (650) 624-1100.
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72
<PAGE>
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Report of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors........... F-2
Balance Sheets.............................................. F-3
Statements of Operations.................................... F-4
Statement of Stockholders' Equity........................... F-5
Statements of Cash Flows.................................... F-7
Notes to Financial Statements............................... F-8
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-1
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REPORT OF ERNST & YOUNG LLP, INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The Board of Directors
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
as of December 31, 1998 and 1999, and the related statements of operations,
stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period
ended December 31, 1999. These financial statements are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position of Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at
December 31, 1998 and 1999, and the results of its operations and its cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1999 in conformity
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Palo Alto, California /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
February 25, 2000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-2
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY AT
DECEMBER 31, DECEMBER 31,
1998 1999 1999
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $9,493 $5,836
Accounts receivable....................................... -- 2,348
Prepaid expenses and other current assets................. 112 346
-------- --------
Total current assets.................................... 9,605 8,530
Property and equipment, net................................. 3,218 8,398
Other assets................................................ 133 241
-------- --------
$12,956 $17,169
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable.......................................... $484 $883
Accrued compensation...................................... 104 288
Accrued liabilities....................................... 916 1,403
Deferred revenue.......................................... 2,833 4,770
Capital lease obligations................................. 721 2,176
-------- --------
Total current liabilities............................... 5,058 9,520
Capital lease obligations................................... 1,652 5,478
Long-term portion of deferred revenue....................... 639 956
Other long-term liabilities................................. 162 459
Commitments
Stockholders' equity:
Convertible preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 22,000,000
and 24,000,000 shares authorized in 1998 and 1999
respectively, (none pro forma) issuable in series,
19,033,707, and 22,053,887 shares issued and outstanding
in 1998 and 1999, respectively (none pro forma)
(aggregate liquidation preference at December 31, 1999 of
$27,475)................................................. 19 22 $--
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 35,000,000, and
37,500,000 shares authorized in 1998 and 1999,
respectively, (100,000,000 shares pro forma), 2,675,333,
and 3,095,834 shares issued and outstanding in 1998 and
1999, respectively, and (25,149,721 shares pro forma).... 3 3 25
Additional paid-in capital.................................. 21,676 35,164 35,164
Deferred stock compensation................................. -- (5,814) (5,814)
Accumulated deficit......................................... (16,253) (28,619) (28,619)
-------- -------- -------------
Total stockholders' equity.................................. 5,445 756 $756
-------- -------- =============
$12,956 $17,169
======== ======== =============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-3
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1997 1998 1999
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Contract revenues from collaborations..................... $-- $28 $8,984
Costs and expenses:
Research and development.................................. 4,568 8,305 14,791
General and administrative................................ 1,033 2,217 3,698
Stock compensation expense................................ -- -- 2,575
----------------- ------------ ------------
5,601 10,522 21,064
----------------- ------------ ------------
Loss from operations........................................ (5,601) (10,494) (12,080)
Interest income (expense), net.............................. 85 (110) (286)
----------------- ------------ ------------
Net loss.................................................... $(5,516) $(10,604) $(12,366)
================= ============ ============
Net loss per share, basic and diluted....................... $(2.20) $(4.01) $(4.39)
================= ============ ============
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per
share, basic and diluted.................................. 2,512 2,643 2,818
Pro forma net loss per share, basic and diluted
(unaudited)............................................... $(0.52)
============
Weighted average shares used in computing pro forma net loss
per share, basic and diluted (unaudited).................. 23,996
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-4
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONVERTIBLE ADDITIONAL DEFERRED
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK PAID-IN STOCK ACCUMULATED
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL COMPENSATION DEFICIT
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31,
1996.................. 665,000 1 2,400,000 3 58 -- (133)
Issuance of common
stock at $0.001 per
share for cash in
January 1997.......... -- -- 110,000 -- -- -- --
Issuance of Series B
convertible preferred
stock at $0.80 per
share in January 1997
for cash, net of
issuance cost......... 7,500,000 8 -- -- 5,961 -- --
Issuance of warrants to
purchase Series B
preferred stock for
financing
arrangement........... -- -- -- -- 47 -- --
Issuance of Series C
preferred stock at
$1.14 per share in
November 1997 for
cash, net of issuance
cost.................. 7,236,843 7 -- -- 8,202 -- --
Issuance of Series C
preferred stock at
$1.14 per share in
August 1997 for
license rights........ 150,000 -- -- -- 171 -- --
Issuance of options to
consultants for
services.............. -- -- -- -- 5 -- --
Issuance of common
stock upon exercise of
options............... -- -- 46,667 -- 5 -- --
Net loss and
comprehensive loss.... -- -- -- -- -- -- (5,516)
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- -------------- -------------
Balance at December 31,
1997................... 15,551,843 16 2,556,667 3 14,449 -- (5,649)
<CAPTION>
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
- ------------------------- -------------
<S> <C>
Balance at December 31,
1996.................. (71)
Issuance of common
stock at $0.001 per
share for cash in
January 1997.......... --
Issuance of Series B
convertible preferred
stock at $0.80 per
share in January 1997
for cash, net of
issuance cost......... 5,969
Issuance of warrants to
purchase Series B
preferred stock for
financing
arrangement........... 47
Issuance of Series C
preferred stock at
$1.14 per share in
November 1997 for
cash, net of issuance
cost.................. 8,209
Issuance of Series C
preferred stock at
$1.14 per share in
August 1997 for
license rights........ 171
Issuance of options to
consultants for
services.............. 5
Issuance of common
stock upon exercise of
options............... 5
Net loss and
comprehensive loss.... (5,516)
-------------
Balance at December 31,
1997................... 8,819
</TABLE>
(TABLE CONTINUED ON FOLLOWING PAGE.)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-5
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CONVERTIBLE ADDITIONAL DEFERRED
PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK PAID-IN STOCK ACCUMULATED
SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL COMPENSATION DEFICIT
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Issuance of warrants to
purchase Series C
preferred stock for
financing
arrangement........... -- -- -- -- 86 -- --
Issuance of Series D
preferred stock at
$2.00 per share in
December 1998 for
cash, net of issuance
costs................. 3,481,864 3 -- -- 6,938 -- --
Issuance of warrants to
purchase Series D
preferred stock for
financing
arrangement........... -- -- -- -- 185 -- --
Compensation expense
related to options
granted to
consultants........... -- -- -- -- 6 -- --
Issuance of common
stock upon exercise of
options............... -- -- 118,666 -- 12 -- --
Net loss and
comprehensive loss.... -- -- -- -- -- -- (10,604)
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- -------------- -------------
Balance at December 31,
1998................... 19,033,707 19 2,675,333 3 21,676 -- (16,253)
Issuance of Series C
preferred stock at
$1.14 per share for
financing
arrangement........... 20,000 -- -- -- 23 -- --
Issuance of Series D
preferred stock at
$2.00 per share for
cash, net of issuance
cost.................. 3,000,000 3 -- -- 5,925 -- --
Issuance of Series D
preferred stock upon
exercise of warrant at
$2.00 per share....... 180 -- -- -- -- -- --
Issuance of common
stock upon exercise of
options............... -- -- 420,501 -- 51 -- --
Compensation expense
related to options
granted to
consultants........... -- -- -- -- 406 -- --
Deferred stock
compensation.......... -- -- -- -- 7,083 (7,083) --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.......... -- -- -- -- -- 1,269 --
Net loss and
comprehensive loss.... -- -- -- -- -- -- (12,366)
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ---------- -------------- -------------
Balance at December 31,
1999................... 22,053,887 $ 22 3,095,834 $ 3 $ 35,164 $ (5,814) $ (28,619)
=========== =========== =========== =========== ========== ============== =============
<CAPTION>
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
- ------------------------- -------------
<S> <C>
Issuance of warrants to
purchase Series C
preferred stock for
financing
arrangement........... 86
Issuance of Series D
preferred stock at
$2.00 per share in
December 1998 for
cash, net of issuance
costs................. 6,941
Issuance of warrants to
purchase Series D
preferred stock for
financing
arrangement........... 185
Compensation expense
related to options
granted to
consultants........... 6
Issuance of common
stock upon exercise of
options............... 12
Net loss and
comprehensive loss.... (10,604)
-------------
Balance at December 31,
1998................... 5,445
Issuance of Series C
preferred stock at
$1.14 per share for
financing
arrangement........... 23
Issuance of Series D
preferred stock at
$2.00 per share for
cash, net of issuance
cost.................. 5,928
Issuance of Series D
preferred stock upon
exercise of warrant at
$2.00 per share....... --
Issuance of common
stock upon exercise of
options............... 51
Compensation expense
related to options
granted to
consultants........... 406
Deferred stock
compensation.......... --
Amortization of
deferred stock
compensation.......... 1,269
Net loss and
comprehensive loss.... (12,366)
-------------
Balance at December 31,
1999................... $ 756
=============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-6
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1997 1998 1999
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss.................................................. $(5,516) $(10,604) $(12,366)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization........................... 409 1,103 1,906
Stock compensation expense.............................. -- -- 1,675
Issuances of equity instruments for noncash benefits.... 230 192 23
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable................................... -- -- (2,348)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets............. (104) (9) (234)
Other assets.......................................... (149) 17 (108)
Accounts payable...................................... 176 234 399
Accrued compensation.................................. 44 60 184
Accrued liabilities................................... 412 503 487
Deferred revenue...................................... -- 3,472 2,254
Long-term liabilities................................. 200 (39) 297
-------- ------------- ------------
Net cash used in operating activities............... (4,298) (5,071) (7,831)
-------- ------------- ------------
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures...................................... (2,341) (2,389) (7,086)
-------- ------------- ------------
Net cash used in investing activities............... (2,341) (2,389) (7,086)
-------- ------------- ------------
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from capital lease financing....................... 1,847 1,427 6,696
Principal payments on capital lease obligations............. (242) (571) (1,415)
Net proceeds from issuances of common stock................. 5 12 51
Net proceeds from issuances of convertible preferred
stock..................................................... 14,171 6,941 5,928
-------- ------------- ------------
Net cash provided by financing activities........... 15,781 7,809 11,260
-------- ------------- ------------
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents................... 9,142 349 (3,657)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period............ 2 9,144 9,493
-------- ------------- ------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period.......... $9,144 $9,493 $5,836
======== ============= ============
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest paid............................................. $71 $161 $597
======== ============= ============
SCHEDULE OF NON CASH TRANSACTIONS
Deferred stock compensation............................... $-- $-- $7,083
======== ============= ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-7
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Rigel" or the "Company") was incorporated in the
state of Delaware on June 14, 1996. The Company is engaged in the discovery and
development of a broad range of new small molecule drug candidates.
The Company matured from its development stage to an operating company in 1998.
As such, its financial statements are no longer prepared on a development stage
basis. The Company's current operating plan anticipates that the Company will
require additional capital to fund its operations and continue its research and
development programs. As of December 31, 1999, the Company has funded its
operations primarily through the sale of private equity securities, payments
from corporate collaborators and capital asset lease financings. The Company
plans to seek additional funding through public or private financing
arrangements with third parties.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and
accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA INFORMATION
If Rigel's initial public offering ("IPO") as described in Note 8 is
consummated, all of the preferred stock outstanding will automatically be
converted into common stock. The unaudited pro forma convertible preferred stock
and stockholders' equity at December 31, 1999 has been adjusted for the assumed
conversion of preferred stock based on the shares of preferred stock outstanding
at December 31, 1999.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of
90 days or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. For the periods
presented, cash equivalents consist of money market funds. Rigel has established
guidelines regarding diversification of its investments and their maturities
that should maintain safety and liquidity.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable,
accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued compensation are carried at
cost, which management believes approximates fair value.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the
straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range
from three to seven years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the
straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the term
of the lease, whichever is shorter.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-8
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Non-refundable up-front payments received in connection with research and
development collaboration agreements, including technology access fees, are
deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the relevant periods
specified in the agreement, generally the research term.
Revenue related to collaborative research with the Company's corporate
collaborators is recognized as research services are performed over the related
funding periods for each contract. Under these agreements, the Company is
required to perform research and development activities as specified in each
respective agreement. The payments received under each respective agreement are
not refundable and are generally based on a contractual cost per full-time
equivalent employee working on the project. Research and development expenses
under the collaborative research agreements approximate or exceed the revenue
recognized under such agreements over the term of the respective agreements.
Deferred revenue may result when the Company does not incur the required level
of effort during a specific period in comparison to funds received under the
respective contracts. Milestone and royalty payments, if any, will be recognized
pursuant to collaborative agreements upon the achievement of specified
milestones.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Research and development expenditures, including direct and allocated expenses,
are charged to expense as incurred. Collaboration agreements generally specify
minimum levels of research effort required to be performed by the Company.
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 130, "REPORTING COMPREHENSIVE
INCOME" ("SFAS 130") requires components of other comprehensive income,
including gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, to be included as
part of total comprehensive income. For all periods presented, the comprehensive
loss is equal to the net loss and has been disclosed in the statement of
stockholders' equity.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 121, "ACCOUNTING FOR THE IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS AND FOR LONG-LIVED
ASSETS TO BE DISPOSED OF" ("SFAS 121"), the Company reviews long-lived assets,
including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in
business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not
be fully recoverable. Under SFAS 121, an impairment loss would be recognized
when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of
the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount.
Impairment, if any, is assessed using discounted cash flows. Through
December 31, 1999, there have been no such losses.
SEGMENT REPORTING
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, "DISCLOSURE ABOUT SEGMENTS
OF AN ENTERPRISE AND RELATED INFORMATION" ("SFAS 131") establishes annual and
interim reporting standards for an enterprise's operating segments and related
disclosures about its products, services, geographic areas, and major customers.
The Company has determined that it operates in only one segment. Accordingly,
the adoption of SFAS 131 had no impact on the Company's financial statements.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-9
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
As permitted by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, "ACCOUNTING
FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION" ("SFAS 123"), the Company has elected to follow
Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK ISSUED TO
EMPLOYEES" and related interpretations in accounting for its employee stock
option grants ("APB 25") and to disclose the pro forma effect of SFAS 123 (see
Note 6). Pro forma net loss information, as required by ("SFAS 123"), is
included in Note 6. Options granted to consultants are accounted for using the
Black-Scholes method prescribed by SFAS 123 and in accordance with Emerging
Issues Task Force Consensus No. 96-18 ("EITF 96-18") the options are subject to
periodic re-valuation over their vesting terms.
NET LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share has been computed according to the Financial Accounting
Standards Board Statement No. 128, "EARNINGS PER SHARE," which requires
disclosure of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share
excludes any dilutive effects of options, shares subject to repurchase,
warrants, and convertible securities. Diluted earnings per share includes the
impact of potentially dilutive securities. Following the guidance given by the
Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 98, common
stock and preferred stock that has been issued or granted for nominal
consideration prior to the anticipated effective date of the initial public
offering must be included in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per
common share as if these shares had been outstanding for all periods presented.
To date, the Company has not issued or granted shares for nominal consideration.
Pro forma net loss per share includes shares issuable upon the conversion of
outstanding shares of preferred stock (using the as if method) from the original
date of issuance.
A reconciliation of shares used in the calculations is as follows (in
thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1997 1998 1999
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Basic and diluted:
Weighted-average shares of common stock outstanding... 2,512 2,643 2,818
================ ============
Adjustment to reflect weighted-average effect of
assumed conversions of preferred stock
(unaudited)......................................... 21,178
------------
Weighted-average shares used in pro forma net loss per
share, basic and diluted (unaudited)................ 23,996
============
</TABLE>
During all periods presented, the Company had securities outstanding which could
potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, but were excluded
from the computation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect would have
been antidilutive. These outstanding securities consist of the following (in
thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1997 1998 1999
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Convertible Preferred Stock................................. 15,552 19,034 22,054
Outstanding Options......................................... 1,475 3,354 5,242
Warrants.................................................... 175 648 647
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-10
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
SOFTWARE COSTS
On January 1, 1999, the Company adopted Statement of Position 98-1 ("SOP 98-1"),
"ACCOUNTING FOR THE COSTS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE DEVELOPED OR OBTAINED FOR
INTERNAL USE". SOP 98-1 requires the capitalization of direct costs incurred in
connection with developing or obtaining software for internal-use, including
external direct costs of materials and services and payroll and payroll-related
costs for employees who are directly associated with and devote time to an
internal use software development project. The Company's policy is to capitalize
all such costs and include them as computers and software to be amortized over
their estimated useful lives. During 1999, the Company had no costs related to
the implementation of internal-use software.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, "ACCOUNTING FOR DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL
INSTRUMENTS AND FOR HEDGING ACTIVITIES" ("SFAS 133") which provides a
comprehensive and consistent standard for the recognition and measurement of
derivatives and hedging activities. SFAS 133 is effective for fiscal years
beginning after June 15, 1999 and is not anticipated to have an impact on the
Company's results of operations of financial condition when adopted as the
Company holds no derivative financial instruments and does not currently engage
in hedging activities.
2. SPONSORED RESEARCH AND LICENSE AGREEMENTS
RESEARCH AGREEMENTS
In April 1997, Rigel entered into a two-year sponsored research agreement with
Leland Stanford Junior University ("Stanford") for certain patent rights,
materials and other know-how relating to the discovery of viral delivery
systems. Under the terms of this agreement, Rigel is required to pay research
funding fees to be used for salaries and for costs associated with supplies and
equipment necessary to perform the research. Stanford retains ownership of all
technologies discovered under this agreement, and Rigel has an option to extend
the agreement by one year and to acquire all such technologies.
In December 1997, the Company entered into a collaborative agreement with
Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. to discover novel molecular drug targets. The
Company granted Neurocrine the right to utilize its technologies in the drug
discovery process while Neurocrine granted to the Company the right to utilize
various proprietary technologies and compounds. Both companies agreed to fund
their own research.
On December 4, 1998, the Company entered into a research collaboration agreement
with Janssen Pharmaceutica NV ("Janssen") to research and identify novel targets
for drug discovery. Under the terms of the contract, Janssen paid an one time
fee and will provide support for research activities during the three-year
research period, as well as various milestones and royalties. As part of this
collaborative research agreement, Johnson & Johnson ("J&J"), a related company
to Janssen, participated in the Company's Series D preferred stock financing.
J&J contributed $3,000,000 for 1,500,000 shares of Series D preferred stock.
On January 31, 1999, the Company entered into a two-year collaborative research
agreement with Pfizer Inc. to discover and develop various molecular targets.
Upon signing of the agreement, Pfizer was obligated to pay a one-time,
nonrefundable, noncreditable fee. Under the terms of the contract, Pfizer will
provide support for research for two years, as well as payment for various
milestones and royalty if certain conditions are met. In conjunction with the
agreement, Pfizer contributed an additional $2,000,000 in exchange for 1,000,000
shares of Series D preferred stock.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-11
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
On May 28, 1999, the Company entered into a broad collaboration with Novartis
Pharma AG, whereby the Company and Novartis agreed to work on five different
research programs to identify various targets for drug development. Two of the
five programs were initiated in 1999, with the third program initiated on
January 1, 2000. The remaining two programs will be initiated no later than
May 28, 2001. Upon the initiation of each research program, Novartis is
obligated to pay a one-time, non-refundable, noncreditable fee. For each of the
first two programs, Novartis will provide support for research activities for a
period of five years. For all programs, Novartis will provide payment for
various milestones and royalties if certain conditions, as denoted in the
collaboration agreement, are met. In conjunction with the agreement, Novartis
contributed an additional $4,000,000 in exchange for 2,000,000 shares of
Series D preferred stock The agreement also allows for an additional equity
investment of up to $10,000,000 which is callable by the Company up through an
IPO. The price of this additional equity investment is to be determined by the
most recent private financing price or IPO price.
In September 1999, the Company entered into a collaborative research and
technology agreement with Cell Genesys, Inc. Cell Genesys granted the Company
rights to some of its patents and technology. In exchange the Company granted
Cell Genesys right to utilize the Company's technology to discover targets in
certain therapeutic areas. Both companies will fund their own research.
LICENSE AGREEMENTS
In October 1996, Rigel entered into a license agreement with Stanford for
certain patent rights and other know-how relating to the use of retrovirally
produced peptide and protein libraries. Under the terms of this agreement, Rigel
is required to pay a nonrefundable license fee, minimum royalties and to issue
Stanford 65,000 shares of Series A preferred stock. The agreement terminates at
the earlier of 20 years or 10 years after the date of the first commercial sale.
In August 1997, Rigel signed a three-year agreement relating to the 1996
agreement to provide the Company with exclusivity to these patents. Under this
agreement, Rigel is required to pay a nonrefundable fee and an exclusivity fee
over the next three years and issued Stanford 150,000 shares of Series C
preferred stock.
The Company's aggregate minimum commitment under all its research and license
agreements is approximately $3.1 million. The minimum commitment is
$0.4 million in 2000, $0.3 million in 2001, $0.3 million in 2002, $0.3 million
in 2003, $0.3 million in 2004, and $1.5 million thereafter.
3. SIGNIFICANT CONCENTRATIONS
In 1998, Janssen represented 100% of total revenues. For the year ended
December 31, 1999, Pfizer, Janssen and Novartis accounted for 34%, 32% and 34%,
respectively. Accounts receivable relate mainly to these three collaborative
partners. The Company does not require collateral or other security for accounts
receivable.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-12
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
4. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consists of the following (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1998 1999
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Laboratory and office equipment............................. $4,010 $8,589
Leasehold improvements...................................... 720 2,993
------------ -------------
4,730 11,582
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.............. (1,512) (3,184)
------------ -------------
Property and equipment, net................................. $3,218 $8,398
============ =============
</TABLE>
5. LONG-TERM OBLIGATIONS
On March 1, 1999, the Company moved its facilities from Sunnyvale, California to
South San Francisco. At December 31, 1998, the Company recorded an accrual of
$142,495 for early termination of its Sunnyvale lease.
At December 31, 1999 future minimum lease payments under all noncancelable
leases are as follows (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CAPITAL OPERATING
DECEMBER 31, 1999 LEASES LEASES
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
2000........................................................ $ 2,901 $ 1,463
2001........................................................ 2,632 2,018
2002........................................................ 2,161 2,263
2003........................................................ 1,501 2,333
2004........................................................ -- 2,353
2005 and thereafter......................................... -- 23,035
------------ ------------
Total minimum payment required.............................. 9,195 $33,465
============
Less amount representing interest........................... (1,541)
------------
Present value of future lease payments...................... 7,654
Less current portion........................................ (2,176)
Noncurrent obligations under capital leases................. $5,478
============
</TABLE>
The Company leases its South San Francisco office and research facility under a
noncancelable operating lease which expires in February 2016. Rent expense under
all operating leases amounted to approximately $385,000, $381,000 and $1,756,000
for the period from inception (June 14, 1996) to December 31, 1997, the years
ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
In 1997, the Company entered into an equipment lease line agreement for up to
$2,000,000. This line was fully utilized in 1998. In June 1998, the Company
entered into a second equipment lease line agreement for up to $3,000,000, which
was fully utilized in June 1999.
In June 1999 and August 1999, the Company entered into two additional equipment
lease line agreements for an aggregate total of $6,000,000, or $3,000,000 each.
As of December 31, 1999, approximately $1,122,000 was available for future draw
downs.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-13
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The lease periods for all equipment leases are for four years. The interest on
each lease is fixed at the time of the draw down with the interest rates ranging
from 7% to 15%. Obligations under all leases are secured by the assets financed
under the leases.
6. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
All series of preferred stock are convertible at the stockholders' option at any
time into common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for
antidilution, and carry voting rights equivalent to common stock. Conversion is
automatic upon the closing of an underwritten public offering with aggregate
offering proceeds exceeding $15,000,000 and an offering price of at least $3.50
per share (appropriately adjusted for any stock splits, stock dividends,
recapitalization or similar events) or upon agreement of the majority of holders
of the outstanding shares.
Holders of Series A, B, C, and D convertible preferred stock are entitled to
noncumulative dividends of $0.008, $0.064, $0.0912, and $0.16 per share,
respectively, if and when declared by the board of directors. These dividends
are to be paid in advance of any distributions to common stockholders. In
addition, dividends are to be paid to Series B, C, and D stockholders in advance
of Series A stockholders. No dividends have been declared through December 31,
1999.
In the event of a liquidation or winding up of the Company, holders of
Series A, B, C, and D convertible preferred stock shall have a liquidation
preference of $0.10, $0.80, $1.14, and $2.00 per share, respectively, together
with any declared but unpaid dividends, over holders of common shares.
Preference shall be given to Series B, C, and D stockholders over Series A
stockholders.
Preferred stockholders are entitled to the number of votes they would have upon
conversion of their preferred shares into common stock.
The authorized, issued and outstanding Series A, B, C, and D shares of
convertible preferred stock were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31, 1998 DECEMBER 31, 1999
SHARES AGGREGATE SHARES AGGREGATE
SHARES ISSUED AND LIQUIDATION SHARES ISSUED AND LIQUIDATION
AUTHORIZED OUTSTANDING PREFERENCE AUTHORIZED OUTSTANDING PREFERENCE
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Series A...................................... 665 665 $66 665 665 $66
Series B...................................... 7,675 7,500 6,000 7,675 7,500 6,000
Series C...................................... 8,000 7,387 8,422 8,000 7,407 8,445
Series D...................................... 5,660 3,482 6,963 7,000 6,482 12,964
Undesignated.................................. -- -- -- 660 -- --
----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
22,000 19,034 $21,451 24,000 22,054 $27,475
=========== =========== =========== =========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
WARRANTS
In conjunction with the equipment lease line executed in April 1997, the Company
issued a warrant to purchase 175,000 shares of Series B preferred stock at an
exercise price of $0.80 per share. The warrant automatically converts upon the
earlier of April 30, 2004 or a merger or reorganization of the Company. The fair
value of this warrant, as determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model,
was approximately $47,000. The amount was expensed in 1997.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-14
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
In conjunction with the equipment lease line executed in June 1998, the company
issued a warrant to purchase 131,578 shares of Series C preferred stock at an
exercise price of $1.14 per share. The warrant expires on June 30, 2005. The
fair value assigned to this warrant, as determined using the Black-Scholes
valuation model, was approximately $86,000. The amount was expensed in 1998.
In conjunction with the Series D preferred stock financing in December 1998, the
Company issued five warrants to purchase 191,100 shares of Series D preferred
stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per share. These warrants expire at the
earlier of the closing of an IPO or December 2003. As of December 31, 1999,
warrants to purchase 190,920 shares of Series D preferred stock are outstanding.
The fair value assigned to this warrant, as determined using the Black-Scholes
valuation model, was approximately $185,000. The amount was expensed in 1998.
In conjunction with the facilities lease entered into in June 1998, the Company
issued three warrants to purchase 150,000 shares of common stock at an exercise
price of $1.14 per share. The warrants are exercisable at any time up to the
earlier of June 1, 2008 or the seventh anniversary of the closing of an initial
public offering. The fair value of these warrants was deemed to be immaterial
and is not recorded in the financial statements.
1997 STOCK OPTION PLAN
On March 5, 1997, the board adopted the Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Stock Option
Plan (the "Stock Plan") under which incentive stock options and nonstatutory
stock options may be granted to employees, directors of, or consultants to, the
Company and its affiliates.
Options granted under the Stock Plan expire no later than 10 years from the date
of grant. The option price of each incentive stock option shall be at least 100%
of the fair value on the date of grant, and the option price for each
nonstatutory stock option shall be not less than 85% of the fair value on the
date of grant, as determined by the board of directors. Options may be granted
with different vesting terms from time to time but not to exceed five years from
the date of grant.
As of December 31, 1999, a total of 9,525,000 shares of common stock have been
authorized for issuance under the Stock Plan.
Activity under the Stock Plan through December 31, 1999 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
OPTIONS EXERCISE PRICE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Options outstanding at December 31, 1996.................... --
Granted................................................... 1,545,000 $0.10
Exercised................................................. (46,667) 0.10
Cancelled................................................. (23,333) 0.10
-----------
Options outstanding at December 31, 1997.................... 1,475,000 0.10
Granted................................................... 2,157,500 0.16
Exercised................................................. (118,666) 0.10
Cancelled................................................. (159,584) 0.12
-----------
Options outstanding at December 31, 1998.................... 3,354,250 0.14
Granted................................................... 2,783,000 0.24
Exercised................................................. (423,001) 0.25
Cancelled................................................. (472,245) 0.16
-----------
Options outstanding at December 31, 1999.................... 5,242,004 $0.19
===========
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-15
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The shares available for future grant are 803,333, 1,805,417, and 3,694,662 as
of December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
The weighted-average fair value of the options granted in 1997, 1998 and 1999,
was $0.02, $0.03, and $0.06, respectively.
At December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1999, the weighted-average remaining
contractual life of outstanding options was 9.18 years and 8.84 years,
respectively. Options exercisable at December 31, 1998 were 612,687 at a
weighted-average exercise price of $0.11 per share and at December 31, 1999 were
1,233,294 at a weighted average exercise price of $0.15 per share.
Pro forma information regarding net loss and net loss per share is required by
SFAS 123 and has been determined as if the Company had accounted for its
employee stock options under the fair value method prescribed by the Statement.
The fair value for these options was estimated at the date of grant using the
minimum value method with the following weighted-average assumptions for the
period from inception (June 14, 1996) to December 31, 1997, for the year ended
December 31, 1998 and December 31, 1999: risk-free interest rates of 4.5%, 5.5%
and 6.0%, respectively; an expected option life of five years; and no dividend
yield.
For purposes of pro forma disclosures, the estimated fair value of the options
is amortized to expense over the vesting period of the options. The Company's
pro forma information follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31,
1997 1998 1999
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net loss:
As reported.......................................... $(5,516) $(10,604) $(12,366)
Pro forma............................................ (5,516) (10,604) (12,413)
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
As reported.......................................... $(2.20) $(4.01) $(4.39)
Pro forma............................................ (2.20) (4.01) (4.40)
</TABLE>
The effects of applying SFAS 123 for pro forma disclosures are not likely to be
representative of the effects as reported net loss for future years.
The Company granted 621,500 and 334,000 common stock options to consultants in
exchange for services for the year ended December 31, 1998 and 1999. The company
has recorded compensation expense related to these options. In accordance with
SFAS 123 and EITF 96-18, options granted to consultants are periodically
revalued as they vest. On January 27, 2000, the Company granted a total of
100,000 shares of common stock to two individuals for consulting services
performed in 1999. The Company has accrued compensation expense related to these
grants.
The Company has recorded deferred stock compensation with respect to options
granted to employees of approximately $7.1 million in the year ended
December 31, 1999, representing the difference between the exercise price of the
options and the deemed fair value of the common stock. These amounts are being
amortized to operations over the vesting periods of the options using the graded
vesting method. Such amortization expense amounted to approximately
$1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 1999 and is expected to be
approximately $2.9 million in 2000; $1.5 million in 2001, $0.9 million in 2002,
$0.4 million in 2003 and $0.1 million in 2004.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-16
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
RESERVED SHARES
As of December 31, 1999, the Company has reserved shares of common stock for
future issuance as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
1999
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Warrants.................................................... 150,000
Incentive stock plan........................................ 8,936,666
Convertible preferred stock................................. 22,551,385
------------
31,638,051
============
</TABLE>
In addition, the Company has reserved the following preferred stock for future
issuance upon exercise of warrants:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
1999
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Series B.................................................... 175,000
Series C.................................................... 131,578
Series D.................................................... 190,920
</TABLE>
7. INCOME TAXES
As of December 31, 1999, the Company had federal and state net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $23.6 million and $4.1 million, respectively. The
Company also had federal and California research and development tax credit
carryforwards of approximately $700,000 and $500,000. The federal net operating
loss and credit carryforwards will expire at various dates beginning in the year
2011 through 2019, if not utilized. The state of California net operating losses
will expire beginning in 2005 if not utilized.
Utilization of the federal and state net operating loss and credit carryforwards
may be subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the "change in
ownership" provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (IRC). The annual
limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses and credits
before utilization. As of December 31, 1999, an IRC section 382 analysis has not
been undertaken to determine the effects of the limitation.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets for financial reporting and the amount
used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company's deferred
tax assets for federal and state income taxes as of December 31 are as follows
(in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred Tax Assets
Net operating loss carryforwards.......................... $5,100 $ 8,300
Research and development credits.......................... 400 1,000
Capitalized research and development expenses............. 700 1,100
Other, net................................................ 200 400
-------- -------
Total Deferred Tax Assets................................... 6,400 10,800
Valuation Allowance......................................... (6,400) (10,800)
-------- -------
Net Deferred Taxes.......................................... -- --
======== =======
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-17
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Due to the Company's lack of earnings history, the net deferred tax assets have
been fully offset by a valuation allowance. The valuation allowance increased by
$2.5 million, $3.9 million and $4.4 million during the years ended December 31,
1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
8. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (UNAUDITED)
SERIES E FINANCING
On February 3, 2000, the Company closed a private placement in which it sold
2,508,330 shares of Series E Preferred stock at $6.00 per share for net proceeds
of approximately $15 million. Series E Preferred stock is convertible to common
stock at any time into common stock on a one-for-one basis and conversion is
automatic if the IPO (see below) is consummated. In addition, the Company issued
50,000 shares of Series E preferred stock for a license of technology.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
In February 2000, the board of directors authorized the filing of a registration
statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register shares of its
common stock in connection with a proposed Initial Public Offering. If the
offering contemplated by this prospectus is consummated, the preferred stock
outstanding as of the closing date will automatically be converted into shares
of the Company's common stock.
In addition, at the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company expects
to exercise its put option to Novartis Pharma AG for the sale of $10 million of
common stock.
ADDITIONAL DEFERRED COMPENSATION
From January 1, 2000 through February 1, 2000, options to purchase 921,599
shares were granted to employees pursuant to the 1997 Stock Option Plan with a
weighted average price of $4.50 per share. The company estimates that additional
deferred compensation of approximately $4.4 million will be recorded as a result
of these options and amortized to compensation expense in accordance with
Rigel's policy. Incremental compensation expense from these grants are expected
to be approximately $1.8 million in 2000, $1.3 million in 2001, $0.7 million in
2002, $0.4 million in 2003 and $0.2 million in 2004. In addition, in the same
period, the Company granted options to purchase 90,000 shares to consultants.
Compensation expense related to these options will be recorded in accordance
with SFAS 123 and EITF 96-18 as they vest.
In addition, in January 2000, the Company fully vested an option to purchase
75,000 shares of common stock to a consultant for services. The company
estimates that compensation expense with respect to these options will be
approximately $664,000 and will be recorded in January 2000.
2000 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN
In January 2000, subject to stockholder approval, the Company adopted its 2000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan"). A total of 400,000 shares of
the Company's common stock have been reserved for issuance under the Purchase
Plan. In addition, the Purchase Plan provides for annual increases in the number
of shares available for issuance under the Purchase Plan on each anniversary
date of the effective date of the offering. The number of shares reserved
automatically is equal to the lesser of 400,000 shares, 1% of the outstanding
shares on the date of the annual increase or such amount as may be determined by
the board. The Purchase plan permits eligible employees to purchase common stock
at a discount through payroll deductions during defined offering periods. The
price at
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-18
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market
value of the common stock on the first day of the offering or 85% of the fair
market value of the Company's common stock on the purchase date. The initial
offering period will commence on the effective date of the offering.
2000 NON-EMPLOYEE DIRECTORS' STOCK OPTION PLAN
In January 2000, subject to stockholder approval, the Company adopted the 2000
Non-Employee Directors Stock Option Plan and reserved a total of 300,000 shares
of common stock for issuance thereunder. Each non-employee director who becomes
a director of the Company will be automatically granted a nonstatutory stock
option to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock on the date on which such
person first becomes a director. At each board meeting immediately following
each annual stockholders meeting, beginning with the first board meeting after
the 2001 Annual Stockholders Meeting, each non-employee director will
automatically be granted a nonstatutory option to purchase 5,000 shares of
common stock. The exercise price of options under the Directors' Plan will be
equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The
maximum term of the options granted under the Directors' Plan is ten years. All
grants under the Directors' Plan will vest monthly over two years from date of
grant. The Directors' Plan will terminate in September 2009, unless terminated
earlier in accordance with the provisions of the Directors' Plan.
2000 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
In January 2000, subject to stockholder approval, the Company adopted the 2000
Equity Incentive Plan. The 2000 Equity Incentive Plan is an amendment and
restatement of the 1997 Stock Option Plan.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-19
<PAGE>
[LOGO]
<PAGE>
[ALTERNATE INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTUS PAGE]
THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY
NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER
TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND WE ARE NOT SOLICITING OFFERS TO BUY.
<PAGE>
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS Subject to completion March 8, 2000
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9,000,000 Shares
[LOGO]
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
Common Stock
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
This is an initial public offering of shares of our common stock. No public
market currently exists for our common stock. We expect the public offering
price to be between $10.00 and $12.00 per share.
We applied to have our common stock listed on the Nasdaq National Market under
the symbol "RIGL."
Before buying any shares you should read the discussion of material risks of
investing in our common stock in "Risk factors" beginning on page 5.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this
prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Per Share Total
<S> <C> <C>
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public offering price $ $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting discount and commissions $ $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proceeds, before expenses, to Rigel $ $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
The underwriters may also purchase up to 1,350,000 shares of common stock from
us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and
commissions, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. This option may be
exercised only to cover over-allotments, if any. If the option is exercised in
full, the total underwriting discounts and commissions will be $ , and the
total proceeds, before expenses, to Rigel will be $ .
Delivery of the shares will be made on or about .
Warburg Dillon Read
Robertson Stephens International
Prudential Vector Healthcare
a unit of Prudential Securities
<PAGE>
[ALTERNATE INTERNATIONAL PROSPECTUS PAGE]
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underwriting
We and the underwriters of the offering have entered into an underwriting
agreement concerning the shares being offered. Subject to conditions, each
underwriter has severally agreed to purchase the number of shares indicated in
the following table. Warburg Dillon Read LLC, FleetBoston Roberston
Stephens Inc. and Prudential Securities Incorporated are the representatives of
the underwriters.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Underwriters Number of Shares
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C>
UBS AG, acting through its division Warburg Dillon Read.....
FleetBoston Robertson Stephens International Limited........
Prudential Securities Incorporated..........................
------
Total...................................................
======
</TABLE>
If the underwriters sell more shares than sell more shares than the total number
set forth in the table above, the underwriters have a 30-day option to by from
us up to an additional shares at the initial public offering prices
less the underwriting discounts and commissions to cover these sales. If any
shares are purchased under this option, the underwriters will severally purchase
shares in approximately the same proportion as set forth in the table above.
The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and
commissions we will pay to the underwriters. These amounts are shown assuming
both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase up to
an additional shares.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
No exercise Full exercise
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Per share................................................... $ $
Total................................................... $ $
</TABLE>
We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding
underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $ .
Shares sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the
initial public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus. Any
shares sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount
of up to $ per share from the initial public offering price. Any of these
securities dealers may resell any shares purchased from the underwriters to
other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to $ per share from the initial
public offering price. If all the shares are not sold at the initial public
offering price, the representative may change the offering price and the other
selling terms.
The underwriters have informed us that they do not expect discretionary sales to
exceed % of the shares of common stock to be offered.
We, our directors, officers, stockholders and optionholders have agreed with the
underwriters not to offer, sell, contract to sell, hedge or otherwise dispose
of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC, a registration statement under
the Securities Act relating to any of its common stock or securities convertible
into or exchangeable for shares of common stock during the period from the date
of this prospectus continuing through the date 180 days after the date of this
prospectus, without the prior written consent of Warburg Dillon Read LLC.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
70
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than the
underwriting discounts payable by us, in connection with the sale of common
stock being registered. All amounts are estimates except the SEC registration
fee, the NASD filing fee and the Nasdaq National Market listing fee.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SEC registration fee........................................ $ 32,789
NASD filing fee............................................. $ 1,000
Nasdaq National Market listing fee.......................... $ 12,000
Blue Sky Fees and Expenses.................................. $ 18,000
Transfer Agent and Registrar fees........................... $ 3,500
Accounting fees and expenses................................ $ 250,000
Legal fees and expenses..................................... $ 500,000
Printing and engraving costs................................ $ 180,000
Miscellaneous expenses...................................... $ 2,711
Total................................................... $1,000,000
==========
</TABLE>
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
As permitted by Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of
incorporation provides that no director of ours will be personally liable to us
or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director, except for liability:
- - for any breach of duty of loyalty to us or to our stockholders;
- - for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional
misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
- - for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or
redemptions under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; or
- - for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
benefit.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation further provides that we
must indemnify our directors and executive officers and may indemnify our other
officers and employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware
law. We believe that indemnification under our amended and restated certificate
of incorporation covers negligence and gross negligence on the part of
indemnified parties.
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and
certain officers. These agreements, among other things, require us to indemnify
each director and officer for certain expenses including attorneys' fees,
judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any such person in any
action or proceeding, including any action by or in the right of Rigel, arising
out of the person's services as our director or officer, any subsidiary of ours
or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at our
request.
The underwriting agreement (Exhibit 1.1) will provide for indemnification by the
underwriters of Rigel, our directors, our officers who sign the registration
statement, and our controlling persons for some liabilities, including
liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II-1
<PAGE>
PART II
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
Since July 15, 1996, Rigel has sold and issued unregistered securities to a
limited number of persons, as described below. None of these transactions
involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public
offering, and Rigel believes that each transaction was exempt from the
registration requirements of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(2)
thereof, Regulation D promulgated thereunder or Rule 701 pursuant to
compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided
under Rule 701. The recipients of securities in each such transaction
represented their intention to acquire the securities for investment only and
not with a view to or for sale in connection with any distribution thereof, and
appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates and instruments
issued in such transactions. We believe that all recipients had adequate access
to information about Rigel, through their relationships with Rigel.
Since July 15, 1996, Rigel has sold and issued the following unregistered
securities:
(1) From July 15, 1996 to January 31, 2000, we granted incentive stock options
and nonstatutory stock options to purchase an aggregate of 7,597,099 shares
of Rigel's common stock at exercise prices ranging from $0.10 to $4.50 per
share to employees, directors and consultants under the Plan. Of these stock
options 655,162 shares have been canceled without being exercised, 588,334
shares have been exercised, 2,500 shares have been repurchased and 6,108,603
shares remain outstanding.
(2) In July 1996 and January 1997, we sold an aggregate of 2,860,000 shares of
our common stock to five purchasers at a purchase price of $0.001 per share,
350,000 shares of which we repurchased.
(3) From July 1996 to January 1997, we sold an aggregate of 665,000 shares of
our Series A preferred stock to four purchasers at a purchase price of $0.10
per share.
(4) In January 1997, we sold an aggregate of 7,500,000 shares of our Series B
preferred stock to nine purchasers at a purchase price of $0.80 per share.
(5) In May 1997, we issued a warrant to purchase 175,000 shares of our Series B
preferred stock at a purchase price of $0.80 per share.
(6) From November 1997 to January 1998, we sold an aggregate of 7,406,843 shares
of our Series C preferred stock to twelve purchasers at a purchase price of
$1.14 per share.
(7) In June 1998, we issued a warrant to purchase 131,578 shares of Series C
preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.14 per share.
(8) From December 1998 to May 1999, we sold an aggregate of 6,481,864 shares of
our Series D preferred stock to ten purchasers at a purchase price of $2.00
per share.
(9) In December 1998, we issued five warrants to purchase an aggregate of
191,100 shares of Series D preferred stock at an exercise price of $2.00 per
share, of which 180 shares have been exercised.
(10) On February 3, 2000, we sold an aggregate of 2,508,330 shares of our
Series E preferred stock to thirteen purchasers at a purchase price of $6.00
per share, and issued 50,000 shares of Series E preferred stock to one
entity for a license for technology.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II-2
<PAGE>
PART II
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
1.1** Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Rigel
to be filed upon the closing of the offering made pursuant
to this Registration Statement.
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Rigel to be filed upon the
closing of the offering made pursuant to this Registration
Statement.
4.1** Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.2 Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated
February 3, 2000, between Rigel and holders of Rigel's
Series B, Series C, Series D and Series E preferred stock.
4.3* Form of warrant to purchase shares of common stock.
4.4* Warrant issued to Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P. for
purchase of shares of Series B preferred stock.
4.5* Warrant issued to Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P. for
purchase of shares of Series C preferred stock.
4.6* Form of warrant to purchase shares of Series D preferred
stock.
5.1 Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP.
10.1* Form of Indemnity Agreement.
10.2* 2000 Equity Incentive Plan.
10.3* Form of Stock Option Agreement pursuant to 2000 Equity
Incentive Plan.
10.4* 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.5* 2000 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan.
10.6*++ Collaboration Agreement between Rigel and Janssen
Pharmaceutica N.V., dated December 4, 1998.
10.7*++ Collaborative Research and License Agreement between Rigel
and Pfizer Inc., dated January 31, 1999.
10.8*++ Collaboration Agreement between Rigel and Novartis Pharma
AG, dated May 26, 1999.
10.9*++ License and Research Agreement between Rigel and Cell
Genesys, Inc., dated September 2, 1999.
10.10* Collaborative Research and Development Agreement between
Rigel and Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., dated
December 1997.
10.11* Employment agreement between Rigel and Donald Payan, dated
January 16, 1997.
10.12* Lease between Rigel and Britannia Pointe Grand Limited
Partnership, dated June 2, 1998.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.
23.2** Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1 * Power of Attorney
27.1** Financial Data Schedule.
</TABLE>
- ---------
* Previously filed.
** To be filed by amendment.
++ Confidential treatment requested as to specific portions, which portions are
omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the Underwriters at the closing
specified in the Underwriting Agreement certificates in such denominations and
registered in such names as required by the Underwriters to permit prompt
delivery to each purchaser.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II-3
<PAGE>
PART II
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insofar as indemnification by the registrant for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons
of the registrant pursuant to the provisions referenced in Item 14 of this
Registration Statement or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the
opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such
liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or
paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the registrant in the
successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered hereunder, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel
the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is
against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by
the final adjudication of such issue.
The registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the
information omitted from the form of Prospectus filed as part of this
Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of
Prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or
497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each
post-effective amendment that contains a form of Prospectus shall be deemed
to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered
therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to
be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II-4
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the
registrant has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the
City of South San Francisco, State of California, on the 8th day of March, 2000.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
By: /s/ JAMES M. GOWER
--------------------------------------------
James M. Gower
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ JAMES M. GOWER President, Chief Executive Officer and
- --------------------------------- Director (Principal Executive March 8, 2000
James M. Gower Officer)
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial
/s/ BRIAN C. CUNNINGHAM Officer, Chief Operating Officer and
- --------------------------------- Secretary (Principal Finance and March 8, 2000
Brian C. Cunningham Accounting Officer)
/s/ DONALD G. PAYAN
- --------------------------------- Executive Vice President, Chief March 8, 2000
Donald G. Payan Scientific Officer and Director
/s/ JEAN DELEAGE
- --------------------------------- Director March 8, 2000
Jean Deleage
/s/ ALAN D. FRAZIER
- --------------------------------- Director March 8, 2000
Alan D. Frazier
/s/ WALTER H. MOOS
- --------------------------------- Director March 8, 2000
Walter H. Moos
- --------------------------------- Director March 8, 2000
Stephen A. Sherwin
</TABLE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II-5
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S>
1.1** Form of Underwriting Agreement.
3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Rigel
to be filed upon the closing of the offering made pursuant
to this Registration Statement.
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Rigel to be filed upon the
closing of the offering made pursuant to this Registration
Statement.
4.1** Specimen Common Stock Certificate.
4.2 Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated
February 3, 2000, between Rigel and holders of Rigel's
Series B, Series C, Series D and Series E preferred stock.
4.3* Form of warrant to purchase shares of common stock.
4.4* Warrant issued to Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P. for
purchase of shares of Series B preferred stock.
4.5* Warrant issued to Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P. for
purchase of shares of Series C preferred stock.
4.6* Form of warrant to purchase shares of Series D preferred
stock.
5.1 Opinion of Cooley Godward LLP.
10.1* Form of Indemnity Agreement.
10.2* 2000 Equity Incentive Plan.
10.3* Form of Stock Option Agreement pursuant to 2000 Equity
Incentive Plan.
10.4* 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.
10.5* 2000 Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan.
10.6*++ Collaboration Agreement between Rigel and Janssen
Pharmaceutica N.V., dated December 4, 1998.
10.7*++ Collaborative Research and License Agreement between Rigel
and Pfizer Inc., dated January 31, 1999.
10.8*++ Collaboration Agreement between Rigel and Novartis Pharma
AG, dated May 26, 1999.
10.9*++ License and Research Agreement between Rigel and Cell
Genesys, Inc., dated September 2, 1999.
10.10* Collaborative Research and Development Agreement between
Rigel and Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., dated
December 1997.
10.11* Employment agreement between Rigel and Donald Payan, dated
January 16, 1997.
10.12* Lease between Rigel and Britannia Pointe Grand Limited
Partnership, dated June 2, 1998.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, Independent Auditors.
23.2** Consent of Cooley Godward LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1).
24.1* Power of Attorney
27.1** Financial Data Schedule.
</TABLE>
- ---------
* Previously filed.
** To be filed by amendment.
++ Confidential treatment requested as to specific portions, which portions are
omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT A
AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
I.
The name of this corporation is Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
II.
The address of the registered office of the corporation in the State of
Delaware is 15 East North Street, City of Dover, County of Kent, and the name of
the registered agent of the corporation in the State of Delaware at such address
is the Incorporating Services, Ltd.
III.
The purpose of this corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity
for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of
the State of Delaware.
IV.
A. This corporation is authorized to issue two classes of stock to be
designated, respectively, "Common Stock" and "Preferred Stock." The total number
of shares which the corporation is authorized to issue is one hundred ten
million (110,000,000) shares. One hundred million (100,000,000) shares shall be
Common Stock, each having a par value of one-tenth of one cent ($.001). Ten
million (10,000,000) shares shall be Preferred Stock, each having a par value of
one-tenth of one cent ($.001).
B. The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more
series. The Board of Directors is hereby authorized, by filing a certificate (a
"Preferred Stock Designation") pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law
("DGCL"), to fix or alter from time to time the designation, powers, preferences
and rights of the shares of each such series and the qualifications, limitations
or restrictions of any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock, and to
establish from time to time the number of shares constituting any such series or
any of them; and to increase or decrease the number of shares of any series
subsequent to the issuance of shares of that series, but not below the number of
shares of such series then outstanding. In case the number of shares of any
series shall be decreased in accordance with the foregoing sentence, the shares
constituting such decrease shall resume the status that they had prior to the
adoption of the resolution originally fixing the number of shares of such
series.
1.
<PAGE>
V.
For the management of the business and for the conduct of the affairs of
the corporation, and in further definition, limitation and regulation of the
powers of the corporation, of its directors and of its stockholders or any class
thereof, as the case may be, it is further provided that:
A. NUMBER AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIRECTORS
1. The management of the business and the conduct of the affairs of
the corporation shall be vested in its Board of Directors. The number of
directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed
exclusively by one or more resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors.
2. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred
Stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, following the
closing of the initial public offering pursuant to an effective registration
statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"),
covering the offer and sale of Common Stock to the public (the "Initial Public
Offering"), the directors shall be divided into three classes designated as
Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. Directors shall be assigned to
each class in accordance with a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board
of Directors. At the first annual meeting of stockholders following the closing
of the Initial Public Offering, the term of office of the Class I directors
shall expire and Class I directors shall be elected for a full term of three
years. At the second annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the
Initial Public Offering, the term of office of the Class II directors shall
expire and Class II directors shall be elected for a full term of three years.
At the third annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial
Public Offering, the term of office of the Class III directors shall expire and
Class III directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At each
succeeding annual meeting of stockholders, directors shall be elected for a full
term of three years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at
such annual meeting.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, each director
shall serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his
death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors
constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent
director.
3. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
a. Neither the Board of Directors nor any individual director may
be removed without cause.
b. Subject to any limitation imposed by law, any individual
director or directors may be removed with cause by the holders of a majority of
the voting power of the corporation entitled to vote at an election of
directors.
2.
<PAGE>
4. VACANCIES
a. Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of
Preferred Stock, any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death,
resignation, disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created
directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors, shall,
unless the Board of Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies
or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders, except as
otherwise provided by law, be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority
of the directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of
Directors, and not by the stockholders. Any director elected in accordance with
the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of
the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such
director's successor shall have been elected and qualified.
b. If at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created
directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute less than a majority
of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the
Delaware Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or
stockholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the total number of the
shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors,
summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly
created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then
in offices as aforesaid, which election shall be governed by Section 211 of the
DGCL.
B. BYLAWS AND STOCKHOLDER ACTIONS
1. Subject to paragraph (h) of Section 43 of the Bylaws, the Bylaws
may be altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by the affirmative vote of at
least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the voting power of all of
the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock of the corporation entitled to
vote. The Board of Directors shall also have the power to adopt, amend, or
repeal Bylaws.
2. The directors of the corporation need not be elected by written
ballot unless the Bylaws so provide.
3. No action shall be taken by the stockholders of the corporation
except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called in accordance with
the Bylaws or by written consent of stockholders in accordance with the Bylaws
prior to the closing of the Initial Public Offering and following the closing of
the Initial Public Offering no action shall be taken by the stockholders by
written consent.
4. Advance notice of stockholder nominations for the election of
directors and of business to be brought by stockholders before any meeting of
the stockholders of the corporation shall be given in the manner provided in the
Bylaws of the corporation.
VI.
A. The liability of the directors for monetary damages shall be eliminated
to the fullest extent under applicable law.
3.
<PAGE>
B. Any repeal or modification of this Article VI shall be prospective and
shall not affect the rights under this Article VI in effect at the time of the
alleged occurrence of any act or omission to act giving rise to liability or
indemnification.
VII.
A. The corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any
provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or
hereafter prescribed by statute, except as provided in paragraph B. of this
Article VII, and all rights conferred upon the stockholders herein are granted
subject to this reservation.
B. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Certificate of
Incorporation or any provision of law which might otherwise permit a lesser vote
or no vote, but in addition to any affirmative vote of the holders of any
particular class or series of the Voting Stock required by law, this Certificate
of Incorporation or any Preferred Stock Designation, the affirmative vote of the
holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the voting
power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together
as a single class, shall be required to alter, amend or repeal Articles.
4.
<PAGE>
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
<PAGE>
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
(A DELAWARE CORPORATION)
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1. REGISTERED OFFICE. The registered office of the corporation in
the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Dover, County of Kent.
SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICES. The corporation shall also have and maintain an
office or principal place of business at such place as may be fixed by the Board
of Directors, and may also have offices at such other places, both within and
without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time
determine or the business of the corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
CORPORATE SEAL
SECTION 3. CORPORATE SEAL. The corporate seal shall consist of a die
bearing the name of the corporation and the inscription, "Corporate
Seal-Delaware." Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be
impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.
ARTICLE III
STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS
SECTION 4. PLACE OF MEETINGS. Meetings of the stockholders of the
corporation shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of
Delaware, as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or,
if not so designated, then at the office of the corporation required to be
maintained pursuant to Section 2 hereof.
SECTION 5. ANNUAL MEETINGS.
(a) The annual meeting of the stockholders of the corporation, for the
purpose of election of directors and for such other business as may lawfully
come before it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated
from time to time by the Board of Directors. Nominations of persons for election
to the Board of Directors of the corporation and the proposal of business to be
considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders:
(i) pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting of stockholders; (ii) by or
at the direction of the Board of Directors; or (iii) by any stockholder of the
corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice
provided for in the following paragraph,
1.
<PAGE>
who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complied with the notice
procedures set forth in Section 5.
(b) At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall
be conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For
nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by
a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of Section 5(a) of these Bylaws, (i) the
stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of
the corporation, (ii) such other business must be a proper matter for
stockholder action under the Delaware General Corporation Law ("DGCL"), (iii) if
the stockholder, or the beneficial owner on whose behalf any such proposal or
nomination is made, has provided the corporation with a Solicitation Notice (as
defined in this Section 5(b)), such stockholder or beneficial owner must, in the
case of a proposal, have delivered a proxy statement and form of proxy to
holders of at least the percentage of the corporation's voting shares required
under applicable law to carry any such proposal, or, in the case of a nomination
or nominations, have delivered a proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of
a percentage of the corporation's voting shares reasonably believed by such
stockholder or beneficial owner to be sufficient to elect the nominee or
nominees proposed to be nominated by such stockholder, and must, in either case,
have included in such materials the Solicitation Notice, and (iv) if no
Solicitation Notice relating thereto has been timely provided pursuant to this
section, the stockholder or beneficial owner proposing such business or
nomination must not have solicited a number of proxies sufficient to have
required the delivery of such a Solicitation Notice under this Section 5. To be
timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of
business on the ninetieth (90th) day nor earlier than the close of business on
the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to the first anniversary of the
preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the
date of the annual meeting is advanced more than thirty (30) days prior to or
delayed by more than thirty (30) days after the anniversary of the preceding
year's annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so
delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth
(120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of
business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting
or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the
date of such meeting is first made. In no event shall the public announcement of
an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of
a stockholder's notice as described above. Such stockholder's notice shall set
forth: (A) as to each person whom the stockholder proposed to nominate for
election or reelection as a director all information relating to such person
that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of
directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case
pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the "1934 Act") and Rule 14a-11 thereunder (including such person's written
consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a
director if elected); (B) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes
to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be
brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the
meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the
beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and (C) as to
the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose
behalf the nomination or proposal is made (i) the name and address of such
stockholder, as they appear on the corporation's books, and of such beneficial
owner, (ii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are owned
beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, and
(iii)
2.
<PAGE>
whether either such stockholder or beneficial owner intends to deliver a proxy
statement and form of proxy to holders of, in the case of the proposal, at least
the percentage of the corporation's voting shares required under applicable law
to carry the proposal or, in the case of a nomination or nominations, a
sufficient number of holders of the corporation's voting shares to elect such
nominee or nominees (an affirmative statement of such intent, a "Solicitation
Notice").
(c) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of Section 5(b) of
these Bylaws to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be
elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is
no public announcement naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the
size of the increased Board of Directors made by the corporation at least one
hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year's annual
meeting, a stockholder's notice required by this Section 5 shall also be
considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions
created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of
business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public
announcement is first made by the corporation.
(d) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 5 shall be eligible to serve as directors
and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall
have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth
in this Section 5. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Chairman of the
meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any
business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made, or proposed, as the
case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in these Bylaws and, if
any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with these Bylaws, to
declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall not be presented for
stockholder action at the meeting and shall be disregarded.
(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5, in
order to include information with respect to a stockholder proposal in the proxy
statement and form of proxy for a stockholders' meeting, stockholders must
provide notice as required by the regulations promulgated under the 1934 Act.
Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to affect any rights of stockholders to
request inclusion of proposals in the corporation proxy statement pursuant to
Rule 14a-8 under the 1934 Act.
(f) For purposes of this Section 5, "public announcement" shall mean
disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated
Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the
corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13,
14 or 15(d) of the 1934 Act.
SECTION 6. SPECIAL MEETINGS.
(a) Special meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be
called, for any purpose or purposes, by (i) the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, (ii) the Chief Executive Officer, or (iii) the Board of Directors
pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized
directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized
directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of
Directors for adoption).
3.
<PAGE>
At any time or times that the corporation is subject to Section 2115(b) of the
California General Corporation Law ("CGCL"), stockholders holding five percent
(5%) or more of the outstanding shares shall have the right to call a special
meeting of stockholders only as set forth in Section 18(c) herein.
(b) If a special meeting is properly called by any person or persons
other than the Board of Directors, the request shall be in writing, specifying
the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted, and shall be
delivered personally or sent by registered mail or by telegraphic or other
facsimile transmission to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief
Executive Officer, or the Secretary of the corporation. No business may be
transacted at such special meeting otherwise than specified in such notice. The
Board of Directors shall determine the time and place of such special meeting,
which shall be held not less than thirty-five (35) nor more than one hundred
twenty (120) days after the date of the receipt of the request. Upon
determination of the time and place of the meeting, the officer receiving the
request shall cause notice to be given to the stockholders entitled to vote, in
accordance with the provisions of Section 7 of these Bylaws. If the notice is
not given within one hundred (100) days after the receipt of the request, the
person or persons properly requesting the meeting may set the time and place of
the meeting and give the notice. Nothing contained in this paragraph (b) shall
be construed as limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting of
stockholders called by action of the Board of Directors may be held.
(c) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may
be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be
elected pursuant to the corporation's notice of meeting (i) by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) by any stockholder of the
corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving notice provided
for in these Bylaws who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who
complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 6(c). In the event
the corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of
electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder
may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such
position(s) as specified in the corporation's notice of meeting, if the
stockholder's notice required by Section 5(b) of these Bylaws shall be delivered
to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the corporation not
earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day
prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the
later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such meeting or the tenth (10th) day
following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the
special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be
elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an
adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a
stockholder's notice as described above.
SECTION 7. NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Except as otherwise provided by law or the
Certificate of Incorporation, written notice of each meeting of stockholders
shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the
date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, such
notice to specify the place, date and hour and purpose or purposes of the
meeting. Notice of the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders
may be waived in writing, signed by the person entitled to notice thereof,
either before or after such meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by
his attendance thereat in person or by proxy, except when the stockholder
attends a meeting for the express purpose of
4.
<PAGE>
objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business
because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so
waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such
meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given.
SECTION 8. QUORUM. At all meetings of stockholders, except where otherwise
provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these Bylaws,
the presence, in person or by proxy duly authorized, of the holders of a
majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business. In the absence of a quorum, any meeting
of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, either by the chairman of
the meeting or by vote of the holders of a majority of the shares represented
thereat, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting. The
stockholders present at a duly called or convened meeting, at which a quorum is
present, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding
the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum. Except as
otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of the
majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and
entitled to vote on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders.
Except as otherwise provided by statute, the Certificate of Incorporation or
these Bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the
shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to
vote on the election of directors. Where a separate vote by a class or classes
or series is required, except where otherwise provided by the statute or by the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the outstanding
shares of such class or classes or series, present in person or represented by
proxy, shall constitute a quorum entitled to take action with respect to that
vote on that matter and, except where otherwise provided by the statute or by
the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote of the
majority (plurality, in the case of the election of directors) of the votes cast
by the holders of shares of such class or classes or series shall be the act of
such class or classes or series.
SECTION 9. ADJOURNMENT AND NOTICE OF ADJOURNED MEETINGS. Any meeting of
stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time
either by the chairman of the meeting or by the vote of a majority of the shares
casting votes. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need
not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are
announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned
meeting, the corporation may transact any business which might have been
transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty
(30) days or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the
adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each
stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
SECTION 10. VOTING RIGHTS. For the purpose of determining those
stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, except as
otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares stand on the stock
records of the corporation on the record date, as provided in Section 12 of
these Bylaws, shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders. Every
person entitled to vote or execute consents shall have the right to do so either
in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a proxy granted in accordance
with Delaware law. An agent so appointed need not be a stockholder. No proxy
shall be voted after three (3) years from its date of creation unless the proxy
provides for a longer period.
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SECTION 11. JOINT OWNERS OF STOCK. If shares or other securities having
voting power stand of record in the names of two (2) or more persons, whether
fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants, tenants in common, tenants
by the entirety, or otherwise, or if two (2) or more persons have the same
fiduciary relationship respecting the same shares, unless the Secretary is given
written notice to the contrary and is furnished with a copy of the instrument or
order appointing them or creating the relationship wherein it is so provided,
their acts with respect to voting shall have the following effect: (a) if only
one (1) votes, his act binds all; (b) if more than one (1) votes, the act of the
majority so voting binds all; (c) if more than one (1) votes, but the vote is
evenly split on any particular matter, each faction may vote the securities in
question proportionally, or may apply to the Delaware Court of Chancery for
relief as provided in the DGCL, Section 217(b). If the instrument filed with the
Secretary shows that any such tenancy is held in unequal interests, a majority
or even-split for the purpose of subsection (c) shall be a majority or
even-split in interest.
SECTION 12. LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS. The Secretary shall prepare and make, at
least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the
stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical order,
showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in
the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any
stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business
hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a
place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be
specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not specified, at the place where
the meeting is to be held. The list shall be produced and kept at the time and
place of meeting during the whole time thereof and may be inspected by any
stockholder who is present.
SECTION 13. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING.
(a) Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any
action required by statute to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the
stockholders, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting
of the stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and
without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken,
shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action
at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and
voted.
(b) Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each
stockholder who signs the consent, and no written consent shall be effective to
take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days of
the earliest dated consent delivered to the corporation in the manner herein
required, written consents signed by a sufficient number of stockholders to take
action are delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in
the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of
the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of
stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office
shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
(c) Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a
meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those
stockholders who have not consented
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in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been
entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for such meeting had been
the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of stockholders to
take action were delivered to the corporation as provided in Section 228 (c) of
the DGCL. If the action which is consented to is such as would have required the
filing of a certificate under any section of the DGCL if such action had been
voted on by stockholders at a meeting thereof, then the certificate filed under
such section shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such section
concerning any vote of stockholders, that written consent has been given in
accordance with Section 228 of the DGCL.
(d) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such action by written consent
may be taken following the closing of the initial public offering pursuant to an
effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the "1933 Act"), covering the offer and sale of Common Stock of the corporation
(the "Initial Public Offering").
SECTION 14. ORGANIZATION.
(a) At every meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board of
Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, the President,
or, if the President is absent, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority
in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy,
shall act as chairman. The Secretary, or, in his absence, an Assistant Secretary
directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting.
(b) The Board of Directors of the corporation shall be entitled to make
such rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it
shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and
regulations of the Board of Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall
have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures
and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are necessary,
appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including,
without limitation, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting,
rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of
those present, limitations on participation in such meeting to stockholders of
record of the corporation and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and
such other persons as the chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the
meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the
time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the
opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted
on by ballot. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or
the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to
be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.
ARTICLE IV
DIRECTORS
SECTION 15. NUMBER AND TERM OF OFFICE. The authorized number of directors
of the corporation shall be fixed in accordance with the Certificate of
Incorporation. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the
Certificate of Incorporation. If for any cause, the directors shall not have
been elected at an annual meeting, they may be elected as soon thereafter
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as convenient at a special meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose
in the manner provided in these Bylaws.
SECTION 16. POWERS. The powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its
business conducted and its property controlled by the Board of Directors, except
as may be otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation.
SECTION 17. CLASSES OF DIRECTORS. Subject to the rights of the holders of
any series of Preferred Stock to elect additional directors under specified
circumstances, following the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the
directors shall be divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II
and Class III, respectively. Directors shall be assigned to each class in
accordance with a resolution or resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors.
At the first annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial
Public Offering, the term of office of the Class I directors shall expire and
Class I directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the second
annual meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial Public
Offering, the term of office of the Class II directors shall expire and Class II
directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At the third annual
meeting of stockholders following the closing of the Initial Public Offering,
the term of office of the Class III directors shall expire and Class III
directors shall be elected for a full term of three years. At each succeeding
annual meeting of stockholders, directors shall be elected for a full term of
three years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at such
annual meeting.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this section, each director
shall serve until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his
death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the number of directors
constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent
director.
SECTION 18. VACANCIES.
(a) Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any
vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation,
disqualification, removal or other causes and any newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the number of directors shall, unless the Board
of Directors determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created
directorships shall be filled by stockholders, be filled only by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the directors then in office, even though less than a
quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the
preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the
director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director's
successor shall have been elected and qualified. A vacancy in the Board of
Directors shall be deemed to exist under this Section 18 in the case of the
death, removal or resignation of any director.
(b) If at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created
directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute less than a majority
of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the
Delaware Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or
stockholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the total number of the
shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors,
summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly
created directorships, or to replace the
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directors chosen by the directors then in offices as aforesaid, which election
shall be governed by Section 211 of the DGCL.
SECTION 19. RESIGNATION. Any director may resign at any time by delivering
his written resignation to the Secretary, such resignation to specify whether it
will be effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at the
pleasure of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made, it shall
be deemed effective at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. When one or more
directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date,
a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so
resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon
to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and
each Director so chosen shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term
of the Director whose place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have
been duly elected and qualified.
SECTION 20. REMOVAL.
(a) Neither the Board of Directors nor any individual director may be
removed without cause.
(b) Subject to any limitation imposed by law, any individual director
or directors may be removed with cause by the affirmative vote of a majority of
the voting power of the corporation entitled to vote at an election of
directors.
SECTION 21. MEETINGS.
(a) ANNUAL MEETINGS. The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall
be held immediately before or after the annual meeting of stockholders and at
the place where such meeting is held. No notice of an annual meeting of the
Board of Directors shall be necessary and such meeting shall be held for the
purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may lawfully
come before it.
(b) REGULAR MEETINGS. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of
Incorporation, regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any
time or date and at any place within or without the State of Delaware which has
been designated by the Board of Directors and publicized among all directors. No
formal notice shall be required for regular meetings of the Board of Directors.
(c) SPECIAL MEETINGS. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of
Incorporation, special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any
time and place within or without the State of Delaware whenever called by the
Chairman of the Board, the President or any two of the directors.
(d) TELEPHONE MEETINGS. Any member of the Board of Directors, or of any
committee thereof, may participate in a meeting by means of conference telephone
or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating
in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting by such means
shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
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(e) NOTICE OF MEETINGS. Notice of the time and place of all special
meetings of the Board of Directors shall be orally or in writing, by telephone,
including a voice messaging system or other system or technology designed to
record and communicate messages, facsimile, telegraph or telex, or by electronic
mail or other electronic means, during normal business hours, at least
twenty-four (24) hours before the date and time of the meeting, or sent in
writing to each director by first class mail, charges prepaid, at least three
(3) days before the date of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in
writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any
director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends the meeting for
the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened.
(f) WAIVER OF NOTICE. The transaction of all business at any meeting of
the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or
wherever held, shall be as valid as though had at a meeting duly held after
regular call and notice, if a quorum be present and if, either before or after
the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of
notice. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate records or made a
part of the minutes of the meeting.
SECTION 22. QUORUM AND VOTING.
(a) Unless the Certificate of Incorporation requires a greater number
and except with respect to indemnification questions arising under Section 43
hereof, for which a quorum shall be one-third of the exact number of directors
fixed from time to time in accordance with the Certificate of Incorporation, a
quorum of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number
of directors fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors in accordance
with the Certificate of Incorporation; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, at any meeting whether
a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the directors present may
adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the next regular meeting of
the Board of Directors, without notice other than by announcement at the
meeting.
(b) At each meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is
present, all questions and business shall be determined by the affirmative vote
of a majority of the directors present, unless a different vote be required by
law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.
SECTION 23. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. Unless otherwise restricted by the
Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or
committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and such writing or
writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or
committee.
SECTION 24. FEES AND COMPENSATION. Directors shall be entitled to such
compensation for their services as may be approved by the Board of Directors,
including, if so approved, by resolution of the Board of Directors, a fixed sum
and expenses of attendance, if any, for attendance at each regular or special
meeting of the Board of Directors and at any meeting of a committee of the Board
of Directors. Nothing herein contained shall be construed
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to preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity as
an officer, agent, employee, or otherwise and receiving compensation therefor.
SECTION 25. COMMITTEES.
(a) EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The Board of Directors may appoint an
Executive Committee to consist of one (1) or more members of the Board of
Directors. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law and provided
in the resolution of the Board of Directors shall have and may exercise all the
powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business
and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to
be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have
the power or authority in reference to (i) approving or adopting, or
recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter expressly required by the
DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopting, amending or
repealing any bylaw of the corporation.
(b) OTHER COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors may, from time to time,
appoint such other committees as may be permitted by law. Such other committees
appointed by the Board of Directors shall consist of one (1) or more members of
the Board of Directors and shall have such powers and perform such duties as may
be prescribed by the resolution or resolutions creating such committees, but in
no event shall any such committee have the powers denied to the Executive
Committee in these Bylaws.
(c) TERM. Each member of a committee of the Board of Directors shall
serve a term on the committee coexistent with such member's term on the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors, subject to any requirements of any
outstanding series of preferred Stock and the provisions of subsections (a) or
(b) of this Bylaw, may at any time increase or decrease the number of members of
a committee or terminate the existence of a committee. The membership of a
committee member shall terminate on the date of his death or voluntary
resignation from the committee or from the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors may at any time for any reason remove any individual committee member
and the Board of Directors may fill any committee vacancy created by death,
resignation, removal or increase in the number of members of the committee. The
Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of
any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting
of the committee, and, in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any
member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and
not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may
unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the
meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member.
(d) MEETINGS. Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide,
regular meetings of the Executive Committee or any other committee appointed
pursuant to this Section 25 shall be held at such times and places as are
determined by the Board of Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice
thereof has been given to each member of such committee, no further notice of
such regular meetings need be given thereafter. Special meetings of any such
committee may be held at any place which has been determined from time to time
by such committee, and may be called by any director who is a member of such
committee, upon written notice to the members of such committee of the time and
place of such special meeting
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given in the manner provided for the giving of written notice to members of the
Board of Directors of the time and place of special meetings of the Board of
Directors. Notice of any special meeting of any committee may be waived in
writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any
director by attendance thereat, except when the director attends such special
meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting,
to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened. A majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a
majority of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be
the act of such committee.
SECTION 26. ORGANIZATION. At every meeting of the directors, the Chairman
of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is
absent, the President (if a director), or if the President is absent, the most
senior Vice President (if a director), or, in the absence of any such person, a
chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall
preside over the meeting. The Secretary, or in his absence, any Assistant
Secretary directed to do so by the President, shall act as secretary of the
meeting.
ARTICLE V
OFFICERS
SECTION 27. OFFICERS DESIGNATED. The officers of the corporation shall
include, if and when designated by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the
Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, one or more Vice
Presidents, the Secretary, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer and the
Controller, all of whom shall be elected at the annual organizational meeting of
the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more
Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers, Assistant Controllers and such
other officers and agents with such powers and duties as it shall deem
necessary. The Board of Directors may assign such additional titles to one or
more of the officers as it shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any
number of offices of the corporation at any one time unless specifically
prohibited therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers
of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of
Directors.
SECTION 28. TENURE AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS.
(a) GENERAL. All officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the
Board of Directors and until their successors shall have been duly elected and
qualified, unless sooner removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board
of Directors may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office
of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the
Board of Directors.
(b) DUTIES OF CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Chairman of the
Board of Directors, when present, shall preside at all meetings of the
stockholders and the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors
shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also
perform such other duties and have such other powers, as the Board of Directors
shall designate from time to time. If there is no President, then the Chairman
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of the Board of Directors shall also serve as the Chief Executive Officer of the
corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in paragraph (c) of
this Section 28.
(c) DUTIES OF PRESIDENT. The President shall preside at all meetings of
the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the
Chairman of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is present. Unless
some other officer has been elected Chief Executive Officer of the corporation,
the President shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall,
subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision,
direction and control of the business and officers of the corporation. The
President shall perform other duties commonly incident to his office and shall
also perform such other duties and have such other powers, as the Board of
Directors shall designate from time to time.
(d) DUTIES OF VICE PRESIDENTS. The Vice Presidents may assume and
perform the duties of the President in the absence or disability of the
President or whenever the office of President is vacant. The Vice Presidents
shall perform other duties commonly incident to their office and shall also
perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors
or the President shall designate from time to time.
(e) DUTIES OF SECRETARY. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors and shall record all acts and
proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation. The Secretary shall
give notice in conformity with these Bylaws of all meetings of the stockholders
and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof
requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform all other duties given him in
these Bylaws and other duties commonly incident to his office and shall also
perform such other duties and have such other powers, as the Board of Directors
shall designate from time to time. The President may direct any Assistant
Secretary to assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the absence or
disability of the Secretary, and each Assistant Secretary shall perform other
duties commonly incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties
and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall
designate from time to time.
(f) DUTIES OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. The Chief Financial Officer
shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the corporation in a
thorough and proper manner and shall render statements of the financial affairs
of the corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of
Directors or the President. The Chief Financial Officer, subject to the order of
the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of
the corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform other duties commonly
incident to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from
time to time. The President may direct the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer,
or the Controller or any Assistant Controller to assume and perform the duties
of the Chief Financial Officer in the absence or disability of the Chief
Financial Officer, and each Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer and each
Controller and Assistant Controller shall perform other duties commonly incident
to his office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other
powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to
time.
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SECTION 29. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY. The Board of Directors may from time
to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or
agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof.
SECTION 30. RESIGNATIONS. Any officer may resign at any time by giving
written notice to the Board of Directors or to the President or to the
Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person
or persons to whom such notice is given, unless a later time is specified
therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later
time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such
resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation shall
be without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any
contract with the resigning officer.
SECTION 31. REMOVAL. Any officer may be removed from office at any time,
either with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
directors in office at the time, or by the unanimous written consent of the
directors in office at the time, or by any committee or superior officers upon
whom such power of removal may have been conferred by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE VI
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES
OWNED BY THE CORPORATION
SECTION 32. EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS. The Board of Directors may,
in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer or
officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the corporation
any corporate instrument or document, or to sign on behalf of the corporation
the corporate name without limitation, or to enter into contracts on behalf of
the corporation, except where otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, and
such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.
All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the
credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be
signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to
do.
Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the
agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power
or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge
its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
SECTION 33. VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION. All stock and
other securities of other corporations owned or held by the corporation for
itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted, and all proxies
with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by
resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such authorization,
by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the
President, or any Vice President.
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ARTICLE VII
SHARES OF STOCK
SECTION 34. FORM AND EXECUTION OF CERTIFICATES. Certificates for the shares
of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the
Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Every holder of stock in the
corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of
the corporation by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or
any Vice President and by the Treasurer or Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary
or Assistant Secretary, certifying the number of shares owned by him in the
corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be facsimiles.
In case any officer, transfer agent, or registrar who has signed or whose
facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be
such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it
may be issued with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent,
or registrar at the date of issue. Each certificate shall state upon the face or
back thereof, in full or in summary, all of the powers, designations,
preferences, and rights, and the limitations or restrictions of the shares
authorized to be issued or shall, except as otherwise required by law, set forth
on the face or back a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge
to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional, or other special rights of each class of
stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of
such preferences and/or rights. Within a reasonable time after the issuance or
transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered
owner thereof a written notice containing the information required to be set
forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this section or otherwise required
by law or with respect to this section a statement that the corporation will
furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers,
designations, preferences and relative participating, optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Except as
otherwise expressly provided by law, the rights and obligations of the holders
of certificates representing stock of the same class and series shall be
identical.
SECTION 35. LOST CERTIFICATES. A new certificate or certificates shall be
issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the
corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon the making of
an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be
lost, stolen, or destroyed. The corporation may require, as a condition
precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates, the owner of
such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal
representative, to agree to indemnify the corporation in such manner as it shall
require or to give the corporation a surety bond in such form and amount as it
may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the
corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen,
or destroyed.
SECTION 36. TRANSFERS.
(a) Transfers of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be
made only upon its books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly
authorized, and upon the surrender of a properly endorsed certificate or
certificates for a like number of shares.
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(b) The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any
agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of
the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation
of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not
prohibited by the DGCL.
SECTION 37. FIXING RECORD DATES.
(a) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date,
which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing
the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date
shall, subject to applicable law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten
(10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the
Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of
business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on
which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment
of the meeting; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the Board of Directors may fix a new
record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) Prior to the Initial Public Offering in order that the corporation
may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which
record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the
record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be
more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the
record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any stockholder of record
seeking to have the stockholders authorize or take corporate action by written
consent shall, by written notice to the Secretary, request the Board of
Directors to fix a record date. The Board of Directors shall promptly, but in
all events within ten (10) days after the date on which such a request is
received, adopt a resolution fixing the record date. If no record date has been
fixed by the Board of Directors within ten (10) days of the date on which such a
request is received, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action
by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, shall be the first date
on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to
be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in
the State of Delaware, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of
the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of
stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the corporation's registered office
shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.
If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by
the Board of Directors is required by law, the record date for determining
stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of
Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
(c) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders
entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment
of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of
any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other
lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a
16.
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record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the
resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall be not
more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no record date is fixed, the
record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the
close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the
resolution relating thereto.
SECTION 38. REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS. The corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner
of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and shall not be
bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or
shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or
other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE VIII
OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION
SECTION 39. EXECUTION OF OTHER SECURITIES. All bonds, debentures and other
corporate securities of the corporation, other than stock certificates (covered
in Section 34), may be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the
President or any Vice President, or such other person as may be authorized by
the Board of Directors, and the corporate seal impressed thereon or a facsimile
of such seal imprinted thereon and attested by the signature of the Secretary or
an Assistant Secretary, or the Chief Financial Officer or Treasurer or an
Assistant Treasurer; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that where any such bond, debenture or
other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature, or
where permissible facsimile signature, of a trustee under an indenture pursuant
to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the
signatures of the persons signing and attesting the corporate seal on such bond,
debenture or other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of the
signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond,
debenture or other corporate security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid,
shall be signed by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the corporation or
such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear
imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer
who shall have signed or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate
security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon or on any such
interest coupon, shall have ceased to be such officer before the bond, debenture
or other corporate security so signed or attested shall have been delivered,
such bond, debenture or other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by
the corporation and issued and delivered as though the person who signed the
same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to
be such officer of the corporation.
ARTICLE IX
DIVIDENDS
SECTION 40. DECLARATION OF DIVIDENDS. Dividends upon the capital stock of
the corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation
and applicable law, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors pursuant
to law at any regular or special meeting.
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Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock,
subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable
law.
SECTION 41. DIVIDEND RESERVE. Before payment of any dividend, there may be
set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum
or sums as the Board of Directors from time to time, in their absolute
discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for
equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the
corporation, or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall think
conducive to the interests of the corporation, and the Board of Directors may
modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.
ARTICLE X
FISCAL YEAR
SECTION 42. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed
by resolution of the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE XI
INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 43. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, OTHER
OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND OTHER AGENTS.
(a) DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. The corporation shall indemnify
its directors and executive officers (for the purposes of this Article XI,
"executive officers" shall have the meaning defined in Rule 3b-7 promulgated
under the 1934 Act) to the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or any
other applicable law; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the corporation may modify the
extent of such indemnification by individual contracts with its directors and
executive officers; and, PROVIDED, FURTHER, that the corporation shall not be
required to indemnify any director or executive officer in connection with any
proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless (i) such
indemnification is expressly required to be made by law, (ii) the proceeding was
authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation, (iii) such
indemnification is provided by the corporation, in its sole discretion, pursuant
to the powers vested in the corporation under the DGCL or any other applicable
law or (iv) such indemnification is required to be made under subsection (d).
(b) OTHER OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND OTHER AGENTS. The corporation shall
have power to indemnify its other officers, employees and other agents as set
forth in the DGCL or any other applicable law. The Board of Directors shall have
the power to delegate the determination of whether indemnification shall be
given to any such person except executive officers to such officers or other
persons as the Board of Directors shall determine.
(c) EXPENSES. The corporation shall advance to any person who was or is
a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or
completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director or executive
officer, of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of
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the corporation as a director or executive officer of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, prior to the final
disposition of the proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all expenses
incurred by any director in connection with such proceeding upon receipt of an
undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay said amounts if it should be
determined ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under
this Section 43 or otherwise.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to
paragraph (e) of this Section 43, no advance shall be made by the corporation to
an executive officer of the corporation (except by reason of the fact that such
executive officer is or was a director of the corporation in which event this
paragraph shall not apply) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative, if a determination is reasonably and
promptly made (i) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum
consisting of directors who were not parties to the proceeding, or (ii) if such
quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested
directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that
the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is
made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or
in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best
interests of the corporation.
(d) ENFORCEMENT. Without the necessity of entering into an express
contract, all rights to indemnification and advances to directors and executive
officers under this Bylaw shall be deemed to be contractual rights and be
effective to the same extent and as if provided for in a contract between the
corporation and the director or executive officer Any right to indemnification
or advances granted by this Section 43 to a director or executive officer shall
be enforceable by or on behalf of the person holding such right in any court of
competent jurisdiction if (i) the claim for indemnification or advances is
denied, in whole or in part, or (ii) no disposition of such claim is made within
ninety (90) days of request therefor. The claimant in such enforcement action,
if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid also the expense
of prosecuting his claim. In connection with any claim for indemnification, the
corporation shall be entitled to raise as a defense to any such action that the
claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the
DGCL or any other applicable law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant
for the amount claimed. In connection with any claim by an executive officer of
the corporation (except in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such
executive officer is or was a director of the corporation) for advances, the
corporation shall be entitled to raise a defense as to any such action clear and
convincing evidence that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such
person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation, or with respect to any criminal action or proceeding that such
person acted without reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was lawful.
Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors,
independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination
prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is
proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of
conduct set forth in the DGCL or any other applicable law, nor an actual
determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent
legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable
standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption
that claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. In any suit
brought by a director or executive officer to enforce a right to indemnification
or to an advancement of
19.
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expenses hereunder, the burden of proving that the director or executive officer
is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under
this Section 43 or otherwise shall be on the corporation.
(e) NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. The rights conferred on any person by
this Bylaw shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have
or hereafter acquire under any applicable statute, provision of the Certificate
of Incorporation, Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested
directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to
action in another capacity while holding office. The corporation is specifically
authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its directors,
officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advances, to the
fullest extent not prohibited by the Delaware General Corporation Law, or by any
other applicable law.
(f) SURVIVAL OF RIGHTS. The rights conferred on any person by this
Bylaw shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer,
employee or other agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors
and administrators of such a person.
(g) INSURANCE. To the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL or any other
applicable law, the corporation, upon approval by the Board of Directors, may
purchase insurance on behalf of any person required or permitted to be
indemnified pursuant to this Section 43.
(h) AMENDMENTS. Any repeal or modification of this Section 43 shall
only be prospective and shall not affect the rights under this Bylaw in effect
at the time of the alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that is
the cause of any proceeding against any agent of the corporation.
(i) SAVING CLAUSE. If this Bylaw or any portion hereof shall be
invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the
corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director and executive officer to
the full extent not prohibited by any applicable portion of this Section 43 that
shall not have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law. If this Section
43 shall be invalid due to the application of the indemnification provisions of
another jurisdiction, then the corporation shall indemnify each director and
executive officer to the full extent under any other applicable law.
(j) CERTAIN DEFINITIONS. For the purposes of this Bylaw, the following
definitions shall apply:
(1) The term "proceeding" shall be broadly construed and shall
include, without limitation, the investigation, preparation, prosecution,
defense, settlement, arbitration and appeal of, and the giving of testimony in,
any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil,
criminal, administrative or investigative.
(2) The term "expenses" shall be broadly construed and shall
include, without limitation, court costs, attorneys' fees, witness fees, fines,
amounts paid in settlement or judgment and any other costs and expenses of any
nature or kind incurred in connection with any proceeding.
20.
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(3) The term the "corporation" shall include, in addition to
the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any
constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if
its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to
indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person
who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent
corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation
as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under
the provisions of this Section 43 with respect to the resulting or surviving
corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its
separate existence had continued.
(4) References to a "director," "executive officer,"
"officer," "employee," or "agent" of the corporation shall include, without
limitation, situations where such person is serving at the request of the
corporation as, respectively, a director, executive officer, officer, employee,
trustee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise.
(5) References to "other enterprises" shall include employee
benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on
a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at
the request of the corporation" shall include any service as a director,
officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or
involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to
an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person who
acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest
of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be
deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the
corporation" as referred to in this Section 43.
ARTICLE XII
NOTICES
SECTION 44. NOTICES.
(a) NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS. Whenever, under any provisions of these
Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any stockholder, it shall be given in
writing, timely and duly deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid,
and addressed to his last known post office address as shown by the stock record
of the corporation or its transfer agent.
(b) NOTICE TO DIRECTORS. Any notice required to be given to any
director may be given by the method stated in subsection (a), or by overnight
delivery service, facsimile, telex or telegram, except that such notice other
than one which is delivered personally shall be sent to such address as such
director shall have filed in writing with the Secretary, or, in the absence of
such filing, to the last known post office address of such director.
(c) AFFIDAVIT OF MAILING. An affidavit of mailing, executed by a duly
authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent
appointed with respect to the class of stock affected, specifying the name and
address or the names and
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addresses of the stockholder or stockholders, or director or directors, to whom
any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method of giving
the same, shall in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts
therein contained.
(d) TIME NOTICES DEEMED GIVEN. All notices given by mail or by
overnight delivery service, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been
given as at the time of mailing, and all notices given by facsimile, telex or
telegram shall be deemed to have been given as of the sending time recorded at
time of transmission.
(e) METHODS OF NOTICE. It shall not be necessary that the same method
of giving notice be employed in respect of all directors, but one permissible
method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible
method or methods may be employed in respect of any other or others.
(f) FAILURE TO RECEIVE NOTICE. The period or limitation of time within
which any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege
or benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any
power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him in the
manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the
failure of such stockholder or such director to receive such notice.
(g) NOTICE TO PERSON WITH WHOM COMMUNICATION IS UNLAWFUL. Whenever
notice is required to be given, under any provision of law or of the Certificate
of Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any person with whom
communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be
required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or
agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or
meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom
communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice
had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is
such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the DGCL,
the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that
notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons
with whom communication is unlawful.
(h) NOTICE TO PERSON WITH UNDELIVERABLE ADDRESS. Whenever notice is
required to be given, under any provision of law or the Certificate of
Incorporation or Bylaws of the corporation, to any stockholder to whom (i)
notice of two consecutive annual meetings, and all notices of meetings or of the
taking of action by written consent without a meeting to such person during the
period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (ii) all, and at least
two, payments (if sent by first class mail) of dividends or interest on
securities during a twelve-month period, have been mailed addressed to such
person at his address as shown on the records of the corporation and have been
returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be
required. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to
such person shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly
given. If any such person shall deliver to the corporation a written notice
setting forth his then current address, the requirement that notice be given to
such person shall be reinstated. In the event that the action taken by the
corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any
provision of the DGCL, the certificate need not state that notice was not given
to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to this
paragraph.
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ARTICLE XIII
AMENDMENTS
SECTION 45. AMENDMENTS. Subject to paragraph (h) of Section 43 of the
Bylaws, the Bylaws may be altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by the
affirmative vote of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the
voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock of the
corporation entitled to vote. The Board of Directors shall also have the power
to adopt, amend, or repeal Bylaws.
ARTICLE XIV
LOANS TO OFFICERS
SECTION 45. LOANS TO OFFICERS. The corporation may lend money to, or
guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee
of the corporation or of its subsidiaries, including any officer or employee who
is a Director of the corporation or its subsidiaries, whenever, in the judgment
of the Board of Directors, such loan, guarantee or assistance may reasonably be
expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guarantee or other assistance may
be with or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as
the Board of Directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of
shares of stock of the corporation. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be deemed to
deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at
common law or under any statute.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
<S> <C>
ARTICLE I OFFICES.......................................................1
Section 1. Registered Office........................................1
Section 2. Other Offices............................................1
ARTICLE II CORPORATE SEAL................................................1
Section 3. Corporate Seal...........................................1
ARTICLE III STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS........................................1
Section 4. Place Of Meetings........................................1
Section 5. Annual Meetings..........................................1
Section 6. Special Meetings.........................................3
Section 7. Notice Of Meetings.......................................4
Section 8. Quorum...................................................5
Section 9. Adjournment And Notice Of Adjourned Meetings.............5
Section 10. Voting Rights............................................5
Section 11. Joint Owners Of Stock....................................6
Section 12. List Of Stockholders.....................................6
Section 13. Action Without Meeting...................................6
Section 14. Organization.............................................7
ARTICLE IV DIRECTORS.....................................................7
Section 15. Number And Term Of Office................................7
Section 16. Powers...................................................8
Section 17. Classes of Directors.....................................8
Section 18. Vacancies................................................9
Section 19. Resignation..............................................9
Section 20. Removal.................................................10
Section 21. Meetings................................................10
Section 22. Quorum And Voting.......................................11
Section 23. Action Without Meeting..................................11
Section 24. Fees And Compensation...................................11
Section 25. Committees..............................................12
Section 26. Organization............................................13
i.
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ARTICLE V OFFICERS.....................................................13
Section 27. Officers Designated.....................................13
Section 28. Tenure And Duties Of Officers...........................13
Section 29. Delegation Of Authority.................................15
Section 30. Resignations............................................15
Section 31. Removal.................................................15
ARTICLE VI EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND
VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION...... .........15
Section 32. Execution Of Corporate Instruments......................15
Section 33. Voting Of Securities Owned By The Corporation...........15
ARTICLE VII SHARES OF STOCK..............................................16
Section 34. Form And Execution Of Certificates......................16
Section 35. Lost Certificates.......................................16
Section 36. Transfers...............................................16
Section 37. Fixing Record Dates.....................................17
Section 38. Registered Stockholders.................................18
ARTICLE VIII OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION..........................18
Section 39. Execution Of Other Securities...........................18
ARTICLE IX DIVIDENDS....................................................18
Section 40. Declaration Of Dividends................................18
Section 41. Dividend Reserve........................................19
ARTICLE X FISCAL YEAR..................................................19
Section 42. Fiscal Year.............................................19
ARTICLE XI INDEMNIFICATION..............................................19
Section 43. Indemnification Of Directors, Executive Officers,
Other Officers, Employees And Other Agents..............19
ARTICLE XII NOTICES......................................................22
Section 44. Notices.................................................22
ARTICLE XIII AMENDMENTS...................................................24
SECTION 45. AMENDMENTS...................................................24
ARTICLE XIV LOANS TO OFFICERS............................................24
ii.
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Section 45. Loans To Officers............................................24
</TABLE>
iii.
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
<S> <C>
SECTION 1. GENERAL................................................1
1.1 Definitions............................................1
SECTION 2. REGISTRATION; RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER.................3
2.1 Restrictions on Transfer...............................3
2.2 Demand Registration....................................4
2.3 Piggyback Registrations................................5
2.4 Form S-3 Registration..................................6
2.5 Expenses of Registration...............................8
2.6 Obligations of the Company.............................8
2.7 Termination of Registration Rights.....................9
2.8 Delay of Registration; Furnishing Information..........9
2.9 Indemnification.......................................10
2.10 Assignment of Registration Rights.....................12
2.11 Amendment of Registration Rights......................12
2.12 Limitation on Subsequent Registration Rights..........12
2.13 "Market Stand-Off" Agreement..........................12
2.14 Rule 144 Reporting....................................13
SECTION 3. COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY..............................13
3.1 Basic Financial Information and Reporting.............13
3.2 Inspection Rights.....................................14
3.3 Confidentiality of Records............................15
3.4 Reservation of Common Stock...........................15
3.5 Stock Vesting.........................................15
3.6 Executive Officer Compensation........................15
3.7 Proprietary Information and Inventions Agreement......15
3.8 Directors' Liability and Indemnification..............15
3.9 Real Property Holding Corporation.....................15
3.10 Termination of Covenants..............................16
SECTION 4. RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL...............................16
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
PAGE
4.1 Subsequent Offerings..................................16
4.2 Exercise of Rights....................................16
4.3 Issuance of Equity Securities to Other Persons........17
4.4 Termination of Rights of First Refusal................17
4.5 Transfer of Rights of First Refusal...................17
4.6 Excluded Securities...................................17
SECTION 5. MISCELLANEOUS.........................................18
5.1 Governing Law.........................................18
5.2 Survival..............................................18
5.3 Successors and Assigns................................18
5.4 Entire Agreement......................................18
5.5 Severability..........................................18
5.6 Amendment and Waiver..................................19
5.7 Delays or Omissions...................................19
5.8 Notices...............................................19
5.9 Attorneys' Fees.......................................19
5.10 Titles and Subtitles..................................19
5.11 Counterparts..........................................20
</TABLE>
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RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT (the "Agreement")
is entered into as of February 3, 2000, by and among RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS,
INC., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), the holders of the Company's
Series B Preferred Stock ("Series B Stock"), Series C Preferred Stock ("Series C
Stock") and Series D Preferred Stock ("Series D Stock"), set forth on the
Schedule of Investors attached hereto as Schedule A, and the purchasers of the
Company's Series E Preferred Stock ("Series E Stock") set forth on Schedule A of
that certain Series E Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement of even date herewith
(the "Purchase Agreement") and Schedule A hereto together, the "Investors" and
each individually, an "Investor."
RECITALS
WHEREAS, certain of the Investors hold shares of the Company's Series B
Stock, Series C Stock, Series D Stock and/or shares of Common Stock issued upon
conversion thereof and possess registration rights, information rights, and
other rights pursuant to that certain Amended and Restated Investor Rights
Agreement dated as of December 18, 1998 (as amended May 26, 1999), between the
Company and such Investors (the "Prior Agreement"); and
WHEREAS, the Investors who hold Series B Stock, Series C Stock and
Series D Stock desire to terminate the Prior Agreement and to accept the rights
created pursuant hereto in lieu of the rights granted to them under the Prior
Agreement; and
WHEREAS, the Company proposes to sell and issue up to Two Million Seven
Hundred Fifty Thousand (2,750,000) shares of its Series E Stock pursuant to the
Purchase Agreement; and
WHEREAS, as a condition of entering into the Purchase Agreement,
certain of the Investors who are parties to such Purchase Agreement have
requested that the Company extend to them registration rights, information
rights and other rights as set forth below.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises,
representations, warranties, covenants and conditions set forth herein, the
Investors who are parties to the Prior Agreement hereby agree that the Prior
Agreement shall be superseded and replaced in its entirety by this Agreement and
the parties hereto mutually agree as follows:
SECTION 1. GENERAL
1.1 DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement the following terms shall
have the following respective meanings:
"EXCHANGE ACT" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended.
1.
<PAGE>
"HOLDER" means any person owning of record Registrable Securities
that have not been sold to the public or any assignee of record of such
Registrable Securities in accordance with Section 2.10 hereof.
"INITIAL OFFERING" means the Company's first firm commitment
underwritten public offering of its Common Stock registered under the Securities
Act.
"REGISTER," "registered," and "registration" refer to a
registration effected by preparing and filing a registration statement in
compliance with the Securities Act, and the declaration or ordering of
effectiveness of such registration statement or document.
"REGISTRABLE SECURITIES" means (i) Common Stock of the Company
issued or issuable upon conversion of the Shares; and (ii) any Common Stock of
the Company issued as (or issuable upon the conversion or exercise of any
warrant, right or other security which is issued as) a dividend or other
distribution with respect to, or in exchange for or in replacement of, such
above-described securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Registrable
Securities shall not include any securities sold by a person to the public
either pursuant to a registration statement or Rule 144 or sold in a private
transaction in which the transferor's rights under Section 2 of this Agreement
are not assigned.
"REGISTRABLE SECURITIES THEN OUTSTANDING" shall be the number of
shares determined by calculating the total number of shares of the Company's
Common Stock that are Registrable Securities and either (1) are then issued and
outstanding or (2) are issuable pursuant to then exercisable or convertible
securities.
"REGISTRATION EXPENSES" shall mean all expenses incurred by the
Company in complying with Sections 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 hereof, including, without
limitation, all registration and filing fees, printing expenses, fees and
disbursements of counsel for the Company, reasonable fees and disbursements not
to exceed Fifteen Thousand Dollars ($15,000) of a single special counsel for the
Holders, blue sky fees and expenses and the expense of any special audits
incident to or required by any such registration (but excluding the compensation
of regular employees of the Company which shall be paid in any event by the
Company).
"SECURITIES ACT" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
"SELLING EXPENSES" shall mean all underwriting discounts and
selling commissions applicable to the sale.
"SHARES" shall mean the Company's Series B Stock issued pursuant
to the Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 22, 1997 and
the Investors listed on Schedule A thereto and their permitted assigns, Series C
Stock issued pursuant to the Series C Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated
November 3, 1997 and the Investors listed on Schedule A thereto and their
permitted assigns, Series D Stock issued pursuant to the Series D Preferred
Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 18, 1998 (as amended May 26, 1999) and
the Investors listed on Schedule A thereto and their permitted assigns and
Series E Stock issued
2.
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pursuant to the Purchase Agreement and held by the Investors listed on Schedule
A thereto and their permitted assigns.
"FORM S-3" means such form under the Securities Act as in effect
on the date hereof or any successor registration form under the Securities Act
subsequently adopted by the SEC which permits inclusion or incorporation of
substantial information by reference to other documents filed by the Company
with the SEC.
"SEC" OR "COMMISSION" means the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
SECTION 2. REGISTRATION; RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER
2.1 RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER.
(a) Each Holder agrees not to make any disposition of all or any
portion of the Shares or Registrable Securities unless and until:
(i) There is then in effect a registration statement under
the Securities Act covering such proposed disposition and such disposition is
made in accordance with such registration statement; or
(ii) (A) The transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by
the terms of this Agreement, (B) such Holder shall have notified the Company of
the proposed disposition and shall have furnished the Company with a statement
of the circumstances surrounding the proposed disposition, and (C) if reasonably
requested by the Company, such Holder shall have furnished the Company with an
opinion of counsel, reasonably satisfactory to the Company, that such
disposition will not require registration of such shares under the Securities
Act. It is agreed that the Company will not require opinions of counsel for
transactions made pursuant to Rule 144 except in unusual circumstances.
(iii) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (i) and
(ii) above, no such registration statement or opinion of counsel shall be
necessary for a transfer by a Holder which is (A) a partnership to its partners
or former partners in accordance with partnership interests, (B) a corporation
to its stockholders in accordance with their interest in the corporation, (C) a
limited liability company to its members or former members in accordance with
their interest in the limited liability company, or (D) to the Holder's family
member or trust for the benefit of an individual Holder or his or her family
member; provided that in each case the transferee will be subject to the terms
of this Agreement to the same extent as if he or she were an original Holder
hereunder.
(b) Each certificate representing Shares or Registrable
Securities shall (unless otherwise permitted by the provisions of the Purchase
Agreement) be stamped or otherwise imprinted with a legend substantially similar
to the following (in addition to any legend required under applicable state
securities laws or as provided elsewhere in this Agreement):
3.
<PAGE>
The following legend under the Securities Act:
THE SHARES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND MAY NOT BE SOLD,
TRANSFERRED, ASSIGNED, PLEDGED OR HYPOTHECATED UNLESS AND UNTIL
REGISTERED UNDER SUCH ACT, OR UNLESS THE COMPANY HAS RECEIVED AN
OPINION OF COUNSEL OR OTHER EVIDENCE, SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY
AND ITS COUNSEL, THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED.
(c) The Company shall be obligated to reissue promptly unlegended
certificates at the request of any holder thereof if the holder shall have
obtained an opinion of counsel (which counsel may be counsel to the Company)
reasonably acceptable to the Company to the effect that the securities proposed
to be disposed of may lawfully be so disposed of without registration,
qualification or legend.
(d) Any legend endorsed on an instrument pursuant to applicable
state securities laws and the stop-transfer instructions with respect to such
securities shall be removed upon receipt by the Company of an order of the
appropriate blue sky authority authorizing such removal.
2.2 DEMAND REGISTRATION.
(a) Subject to the conditions of this Section 2.2, if the Company
shall receive a written request from the Holders of more than fifty percent
(50%) of the Registrable Securities then outstanding (the "Initiating Holders")
that the Company file a registration statement under the Securities Act covering
the registration of Registrable Securities having an aggregate offering price to
the public in excess of $5,000,000 (a "Qualified Public Offering"), then the
Company shall, within thirty (30) days of the receipt thereof, give written
notice of such request to all Holders, and subject to the limitations of this
Section 2.2, use its best efforts to effect, as soon as practicable, the
registration under the Securities Act of all Registrable Securities that the
Holders request to be registered.
(b) If the Initiating Holders intend to distribute the
Registrable Securities covered by their request by means of an underwriting,
they shall so advise the Company as a part of their request made pursuant to
this Section 2.2 or any request pursuant to Section 2.4 and the Company shall
include such information in the written notice referred to in Section 2.2(a) or
Section 2.4(a), as applicable. In such event, the right of any Holder to include
its Registrable Securities in such registration shall be conditioned upon such
Holder's participation in such underwriting and the inclusion of such Holder's
Registrable Securities in the underwriting (unless otherwise mutually agreed by
a majority in interest of the Initiating Holders and such Holder) to the extent
provided herein. All Holders proposing to distribute their securities through
such underwriting shall enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form
with the
4.
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underwriter or underwriters selected for such underwriting by a majority in
interest of the Initiating Holders (which underwriter or underwriters shall be
reasonably acceptable to the Company). Notwithstanding any other provision of
this Section 2.2 or Section 2.4, if the underwriter advises the Company that
marketing factors require a limitation of the number of securities to be
underwritten (including Registrable Securities) then the Company shall so advise
all Holders of Registrable Securities which would otherwise be underwritten
pursuant hereto, and the number of shares that may be included in the
underwriting shall be allocated, first, to the Initiating Holders and, second,
to all other Holders of such Registrable Securities on a pro rata basis based on
the total number of Registrable Securities held by all such Holders. Any
Registrable Securities excluded or withdrawn from such underwriting shall be
withdrawn from the registration.
(c) The Company shall not be required to effect a registration
pursuant to this Section 2.2:
(i) prior to the fourth anniversary of the date of this
Agreement;
(ii) after the Company has effected two (2) registrations
pursuant to this Section 2.2, and such registrations have been declared or
ordered effective;
(iii) during the period starting with the date of filing of,
and ending on the date one hundred eighty (180) days following the effective
date of the registration statement pertaining to the Initial Offering; provided
that the Company makes reasonable good faith efforts to cause such registration
statement to become effective;
(iv) if within thirty (30) days of receipt of a written
request from Initiating Holders pursuant to Section 2.2(a), the Company gives
notice to the Holders of the Company's intention to make its Initial Offering
within ninety (90) days; or
(v) if the Company shall furnish to Holders requesting a
registration statement pursuant to this Section 2.2, a certificate signed by the
Chairman of the Board stating that in the good faith judgment of the Board of
Directors of the Company, it would be seriously detrimental to the Company and
its stockholders for such registration statement to be effected at such time, in
which event the Company shall have the right to defer such filing for a period
of not more than ninety (90) days after receipt of the request of the Initiating
Holders; provided that such right to delay a request shall be exercised by the
Company not more than once in any twelve (12) month period.
2.3 PIGGYBACK REGISTRATIONS. The Company shall notify all Holders of
Registrable Securities in writing at least thirty (30) days prior to the filing
of any registration statement under the Securities Act for purposes of a public
offering of securities of the Company (including a registration statement filed
pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Agreement and including, but not limited to,
registration statements relating to secondary offerings of securities of the
Company, but excluding registration statements relating to employee benefit
plans or with respect to corporate reorganizations or other transactions under
Rule 145 of the Securities Act) and will afford each such Holder an opportunity
to include in such registration statement all or part of
5.
<PAGE>
such Registrable Securities held by such Holder. Each Holder desiring to include
in any such registration statement all or any part of the Registrable Securities
held by it shall, within fifteen (15) days after the above-described notice from
the Company, so notify the Company in writing. Such notice shall state the
intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities by such Holder. If
a Holder decides not to include all of its Registrable Securities in any
registration statement thereafter filed by the Company, such Holder shall
nevertheless continue to have the right to include any Registrable Securities in
any subsequent registration statement or registration statements as may be filed
by the Company with respect to offerings of its securities, all upon the terms
and conditions set forth herein.
(a) UNDERWRITING. If the registration statement under which the
Company gives notice under this Section 2.3 is for an underwritten offering, the
Company shall so advise the Holders of Registrable Securities. In such event,
the right of any such Holder to be included in a registration pursuant to this
Section 2.3 shall be conditioned upon such Holder's participation in such
underwriting and the inclusion of such Holder's Registrable Securities in the
underwriting to the extent provided herein. All Holders proposing to distribute
their Registrable Securities through such underwriting shall enter into an
underwriting agreement in customary form with the underwriter or underwriters
selected for such underwriting by the Company. Notwithstanding any other
provision of this Agreement, if the underwriter determines in good faith that
marketing factors require a limitation of the number of shares to be
underwritten, the number of shares that may be included in the underwriting
shall be allocated, first, to the Company (or in the case of a registration
pursuant to Section 2.2, the Initiating Holders); second, to the Holders on a
pro rata basis based on the total number of Registrable Securities held by the
Holders; and third, to any stockholder of the Company (other than a Holder) on a
pro rata basis. No such reduction shall (i) reduce the securities being offered
by the Company for its own account to be included in the registration and
underwriting, or (ii) reduce the amount of securities of the selling Holders
included in the registration below twenty-five percent (25%) of the total amount
of securities included in such registration, unless such offering is the Initial
Offering and such registration does not include shares of any other selling
stockholders, in which event any or all of the Registrable Securities of the
Holders may be excluded in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
In no event will shares of any other selling stockholder be included in such
registration which would reduce the number of shares which may be included by
Holders without the written consent of Holders of not less than two-thirds (66
2/3%) of the Registrable Securities proposed to be sold in the offering.
(b) RIGHT TO TERMINATE REGISTRATION. The Company shall have the
right to terminate or withdraw any registration initiated by it under this
Section 2.3 prior to the effectiveness of such registration whether or not any
Holder has elected to include securities in such registration. The Registration
Expenses of such withdrawn registration shall be borne by the Company in
accordance with Section 2.5 hereof.
2.4 FORM S-3 REGISTRATION. In case the Company shall receive from any
Holder or Holders of Registrable Securities a written request or requests that
the Company effect a registration on Form S-3 (or any successor to Form S-3) or
any similar short-form registration
6.
<PAGE>
statement and any related qualification or compliance with respect to all or a
part of the Registrable Securities owned by such Holder or Holders, the Company
will:
(a) promptly give written notice of the proposed registration,
and any related qualification or compliance, to all other Holders of Registrable
Securities; and
(b) as soon as practicable, effect such registration and all such
qualifications and compliances as may be so requested and as would permit or
facilitate the sale and distribution of all or such portion of such Holder's or
Holders' Registrable Securities as are specified in such request, together with
all or such portion of the Registrable Securities of any other Holder or Holders
joining in such request as are specified in a written request given within
fifteen (15) days after receipt of such written notice from the Company;
provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to effect any such
registration, qualification or compliance pursuant to this Section 2.4:
(i) if Form S-3 (or any successor or similar form) is not
available for such offering by the Holders, or
(ii) if the Holders, together with the holders of any other
securities of the Company entitled to inclusion in such registration, propose to
sell Registrable Securities and such other securities (if any) at an aggregate
price to the public of less than $500,000, or
(iii) if the Company shall furnish to the Holders a
certificate signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Company
stating that in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors of the
Company, it would be seriously detrimental to the Company and its stockholders
for such Form S-3 Registration to be effected at such time, in which event the
Company shall have the right to defer the filing of the Form S-3 registration
statement for a period of not more than ninety (90) days after receipt of the
request of the Holder or Holders under this Section 2.4: provided, that such
right to delay a request shall be exercised by the Company not more than once in
any twelve (12) month period, or
(iv) if the Company has, within the twelve (12) month period
preceding the date of such request, already effected two (2) registrations on
Form S-3 for the Holders pursuant to this Section 2.4, or
(v) if the Company has already effected three (3)
registrations on Form S-3 for the Holders pursuant to this Section 2.4, or
(vi) in any particular jurisdiction in which the Company
would be required to qualify to do business or to execute a general consent to
service of process in effecting such registration, qualification or compliance.
(c) Subject to the foregoing, the Company shall file a Form S-3
registration statement covering the Registrable Securities and other securities
so requested to be registered as soon as practicable after receipt of the
request or requests of the Holders.
7.
<PAGE>
2.5 EXPENSES OF REGISTRATION. Except as specifically provided herein,
all Registration Expenses incurred in connection with any registration,
qualification or compliance pursuant to Section 2.2, Section 2.3 or Section 2.4
herein shall be borne by the Company. All Selling Expenses incurred in
connection with any registrations hereunder, shall be borne by the holders of
the securities so registered pro rata on the basis of the number of shares so
registered. The Company shall not, however, be required to pay for expenses of
any registration proceeding begun pursuant to Section 2.2 or 2.4, the request of
which has been subsequently withdrawn by the Initiating Holders unless (a) the
withdrawal is based upon material adverse information concerning the Company of
which the Initiating Holders were not aware at the time of such request or (b)
the Holders of a majority of Registrable Securities agree to forfeit their right
to one requested registration pursuant to Section 2.2 or Section 2.4, as
applicable, in which event such right shall be forfeited by all Holders. If the
Holders are required to pay the Registration Expenses, such expenses shall be
borne by the holders of securities (including Registrable Securities) requesting
such registration in proportion to the number of shares for which registration
was requested. If the Company is required to pay the Registration Expenses of a
withdrawn offering pursuant to clause (a) above, then the Holders shall not
forfeit their rights pursuant to Section 2.2 or Section 2.4 to a demand or S-3
registration.
2.6 OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY. Whenever required to effect the
registration of any Registrable Securities, the Company shall, as expeditiously
as reasonably possible:
(a) Prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement with
respect to such Registrable Securities and use all reasonable efforts to cause
such registration statement to become effective, and, upon the request of the
Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities registered thereunder, keep
such registration statement effective for up to ninety (90) days or, if earlier,
until the Holder or Holders have completed the distribution related thereto.
(b) Prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and supplements
to such registration statement and the prospectus used in connection with such
registration statement as may be necessary to comply with the provisions of the
Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such
registration statement.
(c) Furnish to the Holders such number of copies of a prospectus,
including a preliminary prospectus, in conformity with the requirements of the
Securities Act, and such other documents as they may reasonably request in order
to facilitate the disposition of Registrable Securities owned by them.
(d) Use all reasonable efforts to register and qualify the
securities covered by such registration statement under such other securities or
Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as shall be reasonably requested by the
Holders, provided that the Company shall not be required in connection therewith
or as a condition thereto to qualify to do business or to file a general consent
to service of process in any such states or jurisdictions.
(e) In the event of any underwritten public offering, enter into
and perform its obligations under an underwriting agreement, in usual and
customary form, with the managing
8.
<PAGE>
underwriter(s) of such offering. Each Holder participating in such underwriting
shall also enter into and perform its obligations under such an agreement.
(f) Notify each Holder of Registrable Securities covered by such
registration statement at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is
required to be delivered under the Securities Act of the happening of any event
as a result of which the prospectus included in such registration statement, as
then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances then
existing.
(g) Furnish, at the request of a majority of the Holders
participating in the registration, on the date that such Registrable Securities
are delivered to the underwriters for sale, if such securities are being sold
through underwriters, or, if such securities are not being sold through
underwriters, on the date that the registration statement with respect to such
securities becomes effective, (i) an opinion, dated as of such date, of the
counsel representing the Company for the purposes of such registration, in form
and substance as is customarily given to underwriters in an underwritten public
offering and reasonably satisfactory to a majority in interest of the Holders
requesting registration, addressed to the underwriters, if any, and to the
Holders requesting registration of Registrable Securities and (ii) a letter
dated as of such date, from the independent certified public accountants of the
Company, in form and substance as is customarily given by independent certified
public accountants to underwriters in an underwritten public offering and
reasonably satisfactory to a majority in interest of the Holders requesting
registration, addressed to the underwriters, if any, and if permitted by
applicable accounting standards, to the Holders requesting registration of
Registrable Securities.
2.7 TERMINATION OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS. All registration rights granted
under this Section 2 shall terminate and be of no further force and effect three
(3) years after the date of the Company's Initial Offering. In addition, a
Holder's registration rights shall expire if (i) the Company has completed its
Initial Offering and is subject to the provisions of the Exchange Act, (ii) such
Holder (together with its affiliates, partners and former partners) holds less
than 1% of the Company's outstanding Common Stock (treating all shares of
convertible Preferred Stock on an as-converted basis) and (iii) all Registrable
Securities held by and issuable to such Holder (and its affiliates, partners and
former partners) may be sold under Rule 144 during any ninety (90) day period.
2.8 DELAY OF REGISTRATION; FURNISHING INFORMATION.
(a) It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the
Company to take any action pursuant to Section 2.2, 2.3 or 2.4 that the selling
Holders shall furnish to the Company such information regarding themselves, the
Registrable Securities held by them and the intended method of disposition of
such securities as shall be required to effect the registration of their
Registrable Securities.
(b) The Company shall have no obligation with respect to any
registration requested pursuant to Section 2.2 or Section 2.4 if, due to the
operation of subsection 2.2(b), the number of shares or the anticipated
aggregate offering price of the Registrable Securities to be
9.
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included in the registration does not equal or exceed the number of shares or
the anticipated aggregate offering price required to originally trigger the
Company's obligation to initiate such registration as specified in Section 2.2
or Section 2.4, whichever is applicable.
2.9 INDEMNIFICATION. In the event any Registrable Securities are
included in a registration statement under Sections 2.2, 2.3 or 2.4:
(a) To the extent permitted by law, the Company will indemnify
and hold harmless each Holder, the partners, officers, directors and legal
counsel of each Holder, any underwriter (as defined in the Securities Act) for
such Holder and each person, if any, who controls such Holder or underwriter
within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any
losses, claims, damages, or liabilities (joint or several) to which they may
become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or
state law, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in
respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any of the following statements,
omissions or violations (collectively a "Violation") by the Company: (i) any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in
such registration statement, including any preliminary prospectus or final
prospectus contained therein or any amendments or supplements thereto, (ii) the
omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be
stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or
(iii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act,
the Exchange Act, any state securities law or any rule or regulation promulgated
under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state securities law in
connection with the offering covered by such registration statement; and the
Company will reimburse each such Holder, partner, officer or director,
underwriter or controlling person for any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss,
claim, damage, liability or action; provided however, that the indemnity
agreement contained in this Section 2.9(a) shall not apply to amounts paid in
settlement of any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action if such
settlement is effected without the consent of the Company, which consent shall
not be unreasonably withheld, nor shall the Company be liable in any such case
for any such loss, claim, damage, liability or action to the extent that it
arises out of or is based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in
conformity with written information furnished expressly for use in connection
with such registration by such Holder, partner, officer, director, underwriter
or controlling person of such Holder.
(b) To the extent permitted by law, each Holder will, if
Registrable Securities held by such Holder are included in the securities as to
which such registration, qualification or compliance is being effected,
indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, its officers,
and legal counsel and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the
meaning of the Securities Act, any underwriter and any other Holder selling
securities under such registration statement or any of such other Holder's
partners, directors or officers or any person who controls such Holder, against
any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (joint or several) to which the
Company or any such director, officer, controlling person, underwriter or other
such Holder, or partner, director, officer or controlling person of such other
Holder may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other
federal or state law, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions in respect thereto) arise out of or are based upon
10.
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any Violation, in each case to the extent (and only to the extent) that such
Violation occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with written information
furnished by such Holder under an instrument duly executed by such Holder and
stated to be specifically for use in connection with such registration; and each
such Holder will reimburse any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by
the Company or any such director, officer, controlling person, underwriter or
other Holder, or partner, officer, director or controlling person of such other
Holder in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim,
damage, liability or action if it is judicially determined that there was such a
Violation; provided, however, that the indemnity agreement contained in this
Section 2.9(b) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such loss,
claim, damage, liability or action if such settlement is effected without the
consent of the Holder, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld;
provided further, that in no event shall any indemnity under this Section 2.9
exceed the proceeds from the offering received by such Holder.
(c) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this
Section 2.9 of notice of the commencement of any action (including any
governmental action), such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof
is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 2.9, deliver to
the indemnifying party a written notice of the commencement thereof and the
indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent
the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with any other indemnifying party
similarly noticed, to assume the defense thereof with counsel mutually
satisfactory to the parties; provided, however, that an indemnified party shall
have the right to retain its own counsel, with the fees and expenses to be paid
by the indemnifying party, if representation of such indemnified party by the
counsel retained by the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual
or potential differing interests between such indemnified party and any other
party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. The failure to deliver
written notice to the indemnifying party within a reasonable time of the
commencement of any such action, if materially prejudicial to its ability to
defend such action, shall relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to
the indemnified party under this Section 2.9, but the omission so to deliver
written notice to the indemnifying party will not relieve it of any liability
that it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 2.9.
(d) If the indemnification provided for in this Section 2.9 is
held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable to an indemnified
party with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to
herein, the indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party
thereunder, shall to the extent permitted by applicable law contribute to the
amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such loss,
claim, damage or liability in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the
relative fault of the indemnifying party on the one hand and of the indemnified
party on the other in connection with the Violation(s) that resulted in such
loss, claim, damage or liability, as well as any other relevant equitable
considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party and of the
indemnified party shall be determined by a court of law by reference to, among
other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact
or the omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the
indemnifying party or by the indemnified party and the parties' relative intent,
knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such
statement or
11.
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omission; provided, that in no event shall any contribution by a Holder
hereunder exceed the proceeds from the offering received by such Holder.
(e) The obligations of the Company and Holders under this Section
2.9 shall survive completion of any offering of Registrable Securities in a
registration statement and the termination of this Agreement. No Indemnifying
Party, in the defense of any such claim or litigation, shall, except with the
consent of each Indemnified Party, consent to entry of any judgment or enter
into any settlement which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the
giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party of a release from
all liability in respect to such claim or litigation.
2.10 ASSIGNMENT OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS. The rights to cause the Company
to register Registrable Securities pursuant to this Section 2 may be assigned by
a Holder to a transferee or assignee of Registrable Securities which (i) is a
general partner, limited partner or retired partner of a Holder, (ii) is a
Holder's family member or trust for the benefit of an individual Holder or
family member, or (iii) acquires at least three hundred thousand (300,000)
shares of Registrable Securities (as adjusted for stock splits and
combinations); provided, however, (A) the transferor shall, within ten (10) days
after such transfer, furnish to the Company written notice of the name and
address of such transferee or assignee and the securities with respect to which
such registration rights are being assigned and (B) such transferee shall agree
to be subject to all restrictions set forth in this Agreement.
2.11 AMENDMENT OF REGISTRATION RIGHTS. Any provision of this Section 2
may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in
a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively), only with the
written consent of the Company and the Holders of at least sixty-six and
two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the Registrable Securities then outstanding. Any
amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section 2.11 shall be
binding upon each Holder and the Company.
2.12 LIMITATION ON SUBSEQUENT REGISTRATION RIGHTS. After the date of
this Agreement, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the
Holders of sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the Registrable
Securities then outstanding, enter into any agreement with any holder or
prospective holder of any securities of the Company that would grant such holder
registration rights senior to or on parity with those granted to the Holders
hereunder.
2.13 "MARKET STAND-OFF" AGREEMENT. Each Holder hereby agrees that such
Holder shall not sell or otherwise transfer or dispose of any Common Stock (or
other securities) of the Company held by such Holder (other than those included
in the registration) for a period specified by the representative of the
underwriters of Common Stock (or other securities) of the Company not to exceed
one hundred eighty (180) days following the effective date of a registration
statement of the Company filed under the Securities Act, provided that:
(i) such agreement shall apply only to the Company's Initial
Offering; and
12.
<PAGE>
(ii) all officers and directors of the Company and holders of at
least three percent (3%) of the Company's voting securities enter into similar
agreements.
Each Holder agrees to execute and deliver such other agreements as may
be reasonably requested by the Company or the underwriter which are consistent
with the foregoing or which are necessary to give further effect thereto. The
obligations described in this Section 2.13 shall not apply to a registration
relating solely to employee benefit plans on Form S-1 or Form S-8 or similar
forms that may be promulgated in the future, or a registration relating solely
to a Commission Rule 145 transaction on Form S-4 or similar forms that may be
promulgated in the future. The Company may impose stop-transfer instructions
with respect to the shares of Common Stock (or other securities) subject to the
foregoing restriction until the end of said one hundred eighty (180) day period.
2.14 RULE 144 REPORTING. With a view to making available to the Holders
the benefits of certain rules and regulations of the SEC which may permit the
sale of the Registrable Securities to the public without registration, the
Company agrees to use its best efforts to:
(a) Make and keep public information available, as those terms
are understood and defined in SEC Rule 144 or any similar or analogous rule
promulgated under the Securities Act, at all times after the effective date of
the first registration filed by the Company for an offering of its securities to
the general public;
(b) File with the SEC, in a timely manner, all reports and other
documents required of the Company under the Exchange Act;
(c) So long as a Holder owns any Registrable Securities, furnish
to such Holder forthwith upon request: a written statement by the Company as to
its compliance with the reporting requirements of said Rule 144 of the
Securities Act, and of the Exchange Act (at any time after it has become subject
to such reporting requirements); a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly
report of the Company; and such other reports and documents as a Holder may
reasonably request in availing itself of any rule or regulation of the SEC
allowing it to sell any such securities without registration.
SECTION 3. COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY
3.1 BASIC FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND REPORTING.
(a) The Company will maintain true books and records of account
in which full and correct entries will be made of all its business transactions
pursuant to a system of accounting established and administered in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied, and will set
aside on its books all such proper accruals and reserves as shall be required
under generally accepted accounting principles consistently applied.
(b) As soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year of
the Company, and in any event within ninety (90) days thereafter, the Company
will furnish each Investor a consolidated balance sheet of the Company, as at
the end of such fiscal year, and a consolidated
13.
<PAGE>
statement of income and a consolidated statement of cash flows of the Company,
for such year, all prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles consistently applied and setting forth in each case in comparative
form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail. Such
financial statements shall be accompanied by a report and opinion thereon by
independent public accountants of national standing selected by the Company's
Board of Directors.
(c) The Company will furnish each Investor, as soon as
practicable after the end of the first, second and third quarterly accounting
periods in each fiscal year of the Company, and in any event within forty-five
(45) days thereafter, a consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of the end
of each such quarterly period, and a consolidated statement of income and a
consolidated statement of cash flows of the Company for such period and for the
current fiscal year to date, prepared in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, with the exception that no notes need be attached to such
statements and year-end audit adjustments may not have been made.
(d) So long as an Investor (with its affiliates) shall own not
less than three-hundred thousand (300,000) shares of Registrable Securities (as
adjusted for stock splits and combinations) (a "Major Investor"), the Company
will furnish each such Major Investor (i) at least thirty (30) days prior to the
beginning of each fiscal year an annual budget and operating plans for such
fiscal year (and as soon as available, any subsequent revisions thereto); and
(ii) as soon as practicable after the end of each month, and in any event within
twenty (20) days thereafter, a consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of
the end of each such month, and a consolidated statement of income and a
consolidated statement of cash flows of the Company for such month and for the
current fiscal year to date, including a comparison to plan figures for such
period, prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
consistently applied, with the exception that no notes need be attached to such
statements and year-end audit adjustments may not have been made.
3.2 INSPECTION RIGHTS. Each Investor shall have the right to visit and
inspect any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, and to
discuss the affairs, finances and accounts of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries with its officers, and to review such information as is reasonably
requested all at such reasonable times and as often as may be reasonably
requested; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated under this
Section 3.2 with respect to a competitor of the Company or with respect to
information which the Board of Directors determines in good faith is
confidential and should not, therefore, be disclosed.
3.3 CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS. Each Investor agrees to use, and to use
its best efforts to insure that its authorized representatives use, the same
degree of care as such Investor uses to protect its own confidential information
to keep confidential any information furnished to it which the Company
identifies as being confidential or proprietary (so long as such information is
not in the public domain), except that such Investor may disclose such
proprietary or confidential information to any partner, subsidiary or parent of
such Investor for the purpose of
14.
<PAGE>
evaluating its investment in the Company as long as such partner, subsidiary or
parent is advised of the confidentiality provisions of this Section 3.3.
3.4 RESERVATION OF COMMON STOCK. The Company will at all times reserve
and keep available, solely for issuance and delivery upon the conversion of the
Preferred Stock, all Common Stock issuable from time to time upon such
conversion.
3.5 STOCK VESTING. Unless otherwise approved by the Board of Directors,
all stock options and other stock equivalents issued after the date of this
Agreement to employees, directors, consultants and other service providers shall
be subject to vesting as follows: (i) twenty percent (20%) of such stock shall
vest at the end of the first year following the earlier of the date of issuance
or such person's services commencement date with the company, and (ii) eighty
percent (80%) of such stock shall vest over the remaining four (4) years. With
respect to any shares of stock purchased by any such person, the Company's
repurchase option shall provide that upon such person's termination of
employment or service with the Company, with or without cause, the Company or
its assignee (to the extent permissible under applicable securities laws and
other laws) shall have the option to purchase at cost any unvested shares of
stock held by such person.
3.6 EXECUTIVE OFFICER COMPENSATION. The Board of Directors of the
Company shall have the discretion to evaluate and modify the compensation of the
Company's executive officers from time to time (including at the first meeting
of the Board of Directors which occurs after the date hereof).
3.7 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND INVENTIONS AGREEMENT. The Company shall
require all officers and employees to execute and deliver a Proprietary
Information and Inventions Agreement in the form attached to the Purchase
Agreement. The Company shall require all consultants to execute and deliver a
consulting agreement containing confidentiality and assignment of inventions
provisions similar to those included in the Proprietary Information and
Inventions Agreement.
3.8 DIRECTORS' LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION. The Company's Certificate
of Incorporation and Bylaws shall provide (i) for elimination of the liability
of directors to the maximum extent permitted by law and (ii) for indemnification
of directors for acts on behalf of the Company to the maximum extent permitted
by law.
3.9 REAL PROPERTY HOLDING CORPORATION. The Company covenants that it
will operate in a manner such that it will not become a "United States real
property holding corporation" ("USRPHC") as that term is defined in Section
897(c)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the
regulations thereunder ("FIRPTA"). The Company agrees to make determinations
as to its status as a USRPHC, and will file statements concerning those
determinations with the Internal Revenue Service, in the manner and at the
times required under Reg. Section 1.897-2(h), or any supplementary or
successor provision thereto. Within 30 days of a request from an Investor or
any of its partners, the Company will inform the requesting party, in the
manner set forth in Reg. Section 1.897-2(h)(1)(iv) or any supplementary or
successor provision thereto, whether that party's interest in the Company
constitutes a United States real property
15.
<PAGE>
interest (within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 897(c)(1) and the
regulations thereunder) and whether the Company has provided to the Internal
Revenue Service all required notices as to its USRPHC status.
3.10 TERMINATION OF COVENANTS. All covenants of the Company contained
in Section 3 of this Agreement shall expire and terminate as to each Investor on
the effective date of the registration statement pertaining to a firmly
underwritten public offering of shares of Common Stock of the Company at a price
per share not less than $3.50 and for a total offering of not less than $15.0
million (before deduction of underwriters commissions and expenses) (a
"Qualified IPO").
SECTION 4. RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL
4.1 SUBSEQUENT OFFERINGS. Each Major Investor shall have a right of
first refusal to purchase its pro rata share of all Equity Securities, as
defined below, that the Company may, from time to time, propose to sell and
issue after the date of this Agreement, other than the Equity Securities
excluded by Section 4.6 hereof. Each Investor's pro rata share is equal to the
ratio of (A) the number of shares of the Company's Common Stock (including all
shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon conversion of the Shares) of
which such Investor is deemed to be a holder immediately prior to the issuance
of such Equity Securities to (B) the total number of shares of the Company's
outstanding Common Stock (including all shares of Common Stock issued or
issuable upon conversion of the Shares) immediately prior to the issuance of the
Equity Securities. The term "Equity Securities" shall mean (i) any Common Stock,
Preferred Stock or other security of the Company, (ii) any security convertible,
with or without consideration, into any Common Stock, Preferred Stock or other
security (including any option to purchase such a convertible security), (iii)
any security carrying any warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase any
Common Stock, Preferred Stock or other security, or (iv) any such warrant or
right.
4.2 EXERCISE OF RIGHTS. If the Company proposes to issue any Equity
Securities, it shall give each Major Investor written notice of its intention,
describing the Equity Securities, the price and the terms and conditions upon
which the Company proposes to issue the same. Each Major Investor shall have
fifteen (15) days from the giving of such notice to agree to purchase its pro
rata share of the Equity Securities for the price and upon the terms and
conditions specified in the notice by giving written notice to the Company and
stating therein the quantity of Equity Securities to be purchased.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to offer or
sell such Equity Securities to any Investor who would cause the Company to be in
violation of applicable federal securities laws by virtue of such offer or sale.
4.3 ISSUANCE OF EQUITY SECURITIES TO OTHER PERSONS. If not all of the
Major Investors elect to purchase their pro rata share of the Equity Securities,
then the Company shall promptly notify in writing the Major Investors who do so
elect and shall offer such Major Investors the right to acquire such
unsubscribed shares. The Major Investors shall have five (5) days after receipt
of such notice to notify the Company of its election to purchase all or a
portion thereof of the unsubscribed shares. If the Investors fail to exercise in
full the rights of first
16.
<PAGE>
refusal, the Company shall have ninety (90) days thereafter to sell the Equity
Securities in respect of which the Major Investors' rights were not exercised,
at a price and upon general terms and conditions materially no more favorable to
the purchasers thereof than specified in the Company's notice to the Major
Investors pursuant to Section 4.2 hereof. If the Company has not sold such
Equity Securities within ninety (90) days of the notice provided pursuant to
Section 4.2, the Company shall not thereafter issue or sell any Equity
Securities without first offering such securities to the Major Investors in the
manner provided above.
4.4 TERMINATION OF RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL. The rights of first refusal
established by this Section 4 shall not apply to, and shall terminate upon the
effective date of the registration statement pertaining to a Qualified IPO.
4.5 TRANSFER OF RIGHTS OF FIRST REFUSAL. The rights of first refusal of
each Major Investor under this Section 4 may be transferred to the same parties,
subject to the same restrictions as any transfer of registration rights pursuant
to Section 2.10.
4.6 EXCLUDED SECURITIES. The rights of first refusal established by
this Section 4 shall have no application to any of the following Equity
Securities:
(a) up to an aggregate amount of 9,525,000 shares of Common Stock
(and/or options, warrants or other Common Stock purchase rights issued pursuant
to such options, warrants or other rights) issued or to be issued to employees,
officers or directors of, or consultants or advisors to, the Company or any
subsidiary, pursuant to stock purchase or stock option plans or other
arrangements that are approved by the Board of Directors;
(b) stock issued pursuant to any rights or agreements outstanding
as of the date of this Agreement, options and warrants outstanding as of the
date of this Agreement; and stock issued pursuant to any such rights or
agreements granted after the date of this Agreement, provided that the rights of
first refusal established by this Section 4 applied with respect to the initial
sale or grant by the Company of such rights or agreements;
(c) any Equity Securities issued for consideration other than
cash pursuant to a merger, consolidation, acquisition or similar business
combination;
(d) shares of Common Stock issued in connection with any stock
split, stock dividend or recapitalization by the Company;
(e) shares of Common Stock issued upon conversion of the Shares;
(f) any Equity Securities issued pursuant to any equipment
leasing arrangement, or debt financing from a bank or similar financial
institution;
(g) any Equity Securities that are issued by the Company pursuant
to a registration statement filed under the Securities Act; and
17.
<PAGE>
(h) shares of the Company's Common Stock or Preferred Stock
issued in connection with strategic transactions involving the Company and other
entities, including (A) joint ventures, manufacturing, marketing or distribution
arrangements or (B) technology transfer or development arrangements; provided
that such strategic transactions and the issuance of shares therein, has been
approved by the Company's Board of Directors.
SECTION 5. MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed
under the laws of the State of California as applied to agreements among
California residents entered into and to be performed entirely within
California.
5.2 SURVIVAL. The representations, warranties, covenants, and
agreements made herein shall survive any investigation made by any Holder and
the closing of the transactions contemplated hereby. All statements as to
factual matters contained in any certificate or other instrument delivered by or
on behalf of the Company pursuant hereto in connection with the transactions
contemplated hereby shall be deemed to be representations and warranties by the
Company hereunder solely as of the date of such certificate or instrument.
5.3 SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS. Except as otherwise expressly provided
herein, the provisions hereof shall inure to the benefit of, and be binding
upon, the successors, assigns, heirs, executors, and administrators of the
parties hereto and shall inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by each
person who shall be a holder of Registrable Securities from time to time;
provided, however, that prior to the receipt by the Company of adequate written
notice of the transfer of any Registrable Securities specifying the full name
and address of the transferee, the Company may deem and treat the person listed
as the holder of such shares in its records as the absolute owner and holder of
such shares for all purposes, including the payment of dividends or any
redemption price.
5.4 ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement, the Exhibits and Schedules
hereto, the Purchase Agreement and the other documents delivered pursuant
thereto constitute the full and entire understanding and agreement between the
parties with regard to the subjects hereof and no party shall be liable or bound
to any other in any manner by any representations, warranties, covenants and
agreements except as specifically set forth herein and therein.
5.5 SEVERABILITY. In case any provision of this Agreement shall be
invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the validity, legality, and enforceability
of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired
thereby.
5.6 AMENDMENT AND WAIVER.
(a) Except as otherwise expressly provided, this Agreement may be
amended or modified only upon the written consent of the Company and the holders
of at least two-thirds (66 2/3%) of the Registrable Securities.
18.
<PAGE>
(b) Except as otherwise expressly provided, the obligations of
the Company and the rights of the Holders under this Agreement may be waived
only with the written consent of the holders of at least two-thirds (66 2/3%) of
the Registrable Securities.
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be amended
with only the written consent of the Company to include additional purchasers of
Shares as "Investors," "Holders" and parties hereto.
5.7 DELAYS OR OMISSIONS. It is agreed that no delay or omission to
exercise any right, power, or remedy accruing to any Holder, upon any breach,
default or noncompliance of the Company under this Agreement shall impair any
such right, power, or remedy, nor shall it be construed to be a waiver of any
such breach, default or noncompliance, or any acquiescence therein, or of any
similar breach, default or noncompliance thereafter occurring. It is further
agreed that any waiver, permit, consent, or approval of any kind or character on
any Holder's part of any breach, default or noncompliance under this Agreement
or any waiver on such Holder's part of any provisions or conditions of this
Agreement must be in writing and shall be effective only to the extent
specifically set forth in such writing. All remedies, either under this
Agreement, by law, or otherwise afforded to Holders, shall be cumulative and not
alternative.
5.8 NOTICES. All notices required or permitted hereunder shall be in
writing and shall be deemed effectively given: (i) upon personal delivery to the
party to be notified, (ii) when sent by confirmed telex or facsimile if sent
during normal business hours of the recipient; if not, then on the next business
day, (iii) five (5) days after having been sent by registered or certified mail,
return receipt requested, postage prepaid, or (iv) one (1) day after deposit
with a nationally recognized overnight courier, specifying next day delivery,
with written verification of receipt. All communications shall be sent to the
party to be notified at the address as set forth on the signature pages hereof
or Schedule A hereto or at such other address as such party may designate by ten
(10) days advance written notice to the other parties hereto.
5.9 ATTORNEYS' FEES. In the event that any dispute among the parties to
this Agreement should result in litigation, the prevailing party in such dispute
shall be entitled to recover from the losing party all fees, costs and expenses
of enforcing any right of such prevailing party under or with respect to this
Agreement, including without limitation, such reasonable fees and expenses of
attorneys and accountants, which shall include, without limitation, all fees,
costs and expenses of appeals.
5.10 TITLES AND SUBTITLES. The titles of the sections and subsections
of this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and are not to be
considered in construing this Agreement.
5.11 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of
counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which together
shall constitute one instrument.
19.
<PAGE>
Agreed and executed by:
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS
By:
------------------------------------
Name:
----------------------------------
Title:
---------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
FRAZIER HEALTHCARE II, L.P.
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
FRAZIER & COMPANY, INC.
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
LOMBARD, ODIER & CIE
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
ALTA CALIFORNIA PARTNERS, L.P.
By: Alta California Management Partners, L.P.
By:
------------------------------------------
General Partner
ALTA EMBARCADERO PARTNERS, LLC
By:
-------------------------------------------
Member
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
FORTUNE MAKER CORPORATION
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
JOHNSON & JOHNSON DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
NOVARTIS PHARMA AG
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
PFIZER, INC.
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
CMEA LIFE SCIENCES FUND, L.P.
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
AURORA BIOSCIENCES CORPORATION
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
CB CAPITAL INVESTORS, L.P.
By: Chase Capital Partners
Its: Manager
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
SUMMIT BANK & TRUST CO.
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
R.A. INVESTMENT GROUP
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
QUANTUM PARTNERS LDC
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
GC & H INVESTMENTS
By:
-----------------------------------
Name:
---------------------------------
Title:
--------------------------------
AMENDED AND RESTATED INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
SIGNATURE PAGE
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
AMENDED AND RESTATED
INVESTOR RIGHTS AGREEMENT
<PAGE>
RIGEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK FINANCING
SCHEDULE OF PURCHASERS
FEBRUARY 3, 2000
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND ADDRESS INVESTMENT AMOUNT NUMBER OF SHARES
- ---------------- ----------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
Alta California Partners, L.P. $ 977,664 162,944
One Embarcadero Center, Suite 4050
San Francisco, CA 94111
$ 22,338 3,723
Alta Embarcadero Partners, LLC
One Embarcadero Center, Suite 4050
San Francisco, CA 94111
Fortune Maker Corporation 300,000 50,000
11/F King Fook Building
30-32 Des Voeux Road Central
HONG KONG
Frazier Healthcare II, L.P. 750,000 125,000
Two Union Square
601 Union Street, Suite 3300
Seattle, WA 98101
CMEA Life Sciences Fund 1,000,000 166,666
235 Montgomery Street, Suite 920
San Francisco, CA 94104
CB Capital Investors 5,000,000 833,333
c/o Chase Capital Partners
Partners 380
Madison Avenue
12th Floor
New York, NY 10017
Pritzker Entities
Cynthia J. Cohn 99,996 16,666
Hannah S. & Samuel A. Cohn 99,996 16,666
Memorial Foundation
R.A. Investments Group 800,000 133,333
c/o Diversified Financial Management
Group
200 West Madison Street
Suite 3800
Chicago, IL 50606
Quantum Partners LDC 2,000,000 333,333
888 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10106
Johnson & Johnson Development 1,000,000 166,666
Corporation
One Johnson & Johnson Plaza
New Brunswick, NJ 08933
Schedule A-1
<PAGE>
Lombard, Odier & Cie 3,000,000 500,000
Toedistrasse 36 - Ch 8027
Zurich
Switzerland
Aurora Biosciences Corporation Transfer of Technology 50,000
11010 Torreyana Road
San Diego, CA 92121
TOTAL $15,049,994 2,558,330
</TABLE>
Schedule A-2
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 5.1
[COOLEY GODWARD LLP LETTERHEAD]
March 8, 2000
Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
240 East Grand Avenue
South San Francisco, CA 94080
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You have requested our opinion with respect to certain matters in connection
with the filing by Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (the "Company") of a Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (the "Registration Statement") with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the "Commission") covering the underwritten public offering
of up to 10,350,000 shares of common stock, including 9,000,000 shares to be
sold by the Company (the "Company Shares") and 1,350,000 shares for which the
Underwriters have been granted an over-allotment option (together with the
Company Shares, the "Common Stock").
In connection with this opinion, we have (i) examined and relied upon the
Registration Statement and related Prospectus, the Company's Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws and the originals or copies
certified to our satisfaction of such records, documents, certificates,
memoranda and other instruments as in our judgment are necessary or appropriate
to enable us to render the opinion expressed below and (ii) assumed that the
shares of the Common Stock will be sold by the Underwriters at a price
established by the Pricing Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.
On the basis of the foregoing, and in reliance thereon, we are of the opinion
that the Common Stock, when sold and issued in accordance with the Registration
Statement and related Prospectus, will be validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable.
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Legal Matters" in the
Prospectus included in the Registration Statement and to the filing of this
opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.
Sincerely,
/s/ Patrick A. Pohlen
Patrick A. Pohlen
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF ERNST AND YOUNG, LLP INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to
the use of our report dated February 25, 2000 included in the Registration
Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-96127) and related Prospectus of Rigel
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for the registration of 10,350,000 shares of its common
stock.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
Palo Alto, California
March 8, 2000
