BY-LAWS OF
CYBERTEL, COMMUNICATIONS INC.
ARTICLE I
SHAREHOLDERS
Section 1.01 Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the shareholders
shall be held at such date and time as shall be designated by the board of
directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly-executed waiver
of notice thereof. If the corporation shall fail to provide notice of the
annual meeting of the shareholders as set forth above, the annual meeting of
the shareholders of the corporation shall be held during the month of November
or December of each year as determined by the Board of Directors, for the
purpose of electing directors of the corporation to serve during the ensuing
year and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come
before the meeting. If the election of the directors is not held on the day
designated herein for any annual meeting of the shareholders, or at any
adjournment thereof, the president shall cause the election to be held at a
special meeting of the shareholders as soon thereafter as is convenient.
Section 1.02 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the shareholders
may be called by the president or the Board of Directors and shall be called
by the president at the written request of the holders of 10% or greater of
the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation.
All business lawfully to be transacted by the shareholders may be
transacted at any special meeting at any adjournment thereof. However, no
business shall be acted upon at a special meeting, except that referred to in
the notice calling the meeting, unless all of the outstanding capital stock of
the corporation is represented either in person or by proxy. Where all of the
capital stock is represented, any lawful business may be transacted and the
meeting shall be valid for all purposes.
Section 1.03 Place of Meetings. Any meeting of the shareholders of the
corporation may be held at its principal office in the State of Nevada or such
other place in or out of the United States as the Board of Directors may
designate. A waiver of notice signed by the shareholders entitled to vote may
designate any place for the holding of such meeting.
Section 1.04 Notice of Meetings.
(a) The secretary shall sign and deliver to all shareholders of
record written or printed notice of any meeting at least ten (10) days,
but not more than sixty (60) days, before the date of such meeting;
which notice shall state the place, date and time of the meeting, the
general nature of the business to be transacted, and, in the case of any
meeting at which directors are to be elected, the names of nominees, if
any, to be presented for election.
(b) In the case of any meeting, any proper business may be
presented for action, except that the following items shall be valid
only if the general nature of the proposal is stated in the notice or
written waiver of notice:
(1)Action with respect to any contract or transaction between
the corporation and one or more of its directors or another firm,
association, or corporation in which one or more of its directors
has a material financial interest;
(2)Adoption of amendments to the Articles of Incorporation; or
(3) Action with respect to the merger, consolidation,
reorganization, partial or complete liquidation, or dissolution of
the corporation.
(c) The notice shall be personally delivered or mailed by first
class mail to each shareholder of record at the last known address
thereof, as the same appears on the books of the corporation, and the
giving of such notice shall be deemed delivered the date the same is
deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid. If the address of
any shareholder does not appear upon the books of the corporation, it
will be sufficient to address any notice to such shareholder at the
principal office of the corporation.
(d) The written certificate of the person calling any meeting,
duly sworn, setting forth the substance of the notice, the time and
place the notice was mailed or personally delivered to the several
shareholders, and the addresses to which the notice was mailed shall be
prima facie evidence of the manner and fact of giving such notice.
Section 1.05 Waiver of Notice. If all of the shareholders of the
corporation shall waive notice of a meeting, no notice shall be required, and,
whenever all of the shareholders shall meet in person or by proxy, such
meeting shall be valid for all purposes without call or notice, and at such
meeting any corporate action may be taken.
Section 1.06 Determination of Shareholders of Record.
(a) The Board of Directors may at any time fix a future date as
a record date for the determination of the shareholders entitled to
notice of any meeting or to vote or entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or entitled to
exercise any rights in respect of any other lawful action. The record
date so fixed shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to the date
of such meeting nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.
When a record date is so fixed, only shareholders of record on that date
are entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting or to receive the
dividend, distribution or allotment of rights, or to exercise their
rights, as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares
on the books of the corporation after the record date.
(b) If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, then
(1) the record date for determining shareholders entitled to notice of
or to vote at a meeting of shareholders shall be at the close of
business on the business day next preceding the day on which notice is
given or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next
preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (2) the record date for
determining shareholders entitled to give consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of
Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which written consent is
given; and (3) the record date for determining shareholders for any
other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the
Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto, or the
sixtieth (60th) day prior to the date of such other action, whichever is
later.
Section 1.07 Quorum: Adjourned Meetings.
(a) At any meeting of the shareholders, a majority of the issued
and outstanding shares of the corporation represented in person or by
proxy, shall constitute a quorum.
(b) If less than a majority of the issued and outstanding shares
are represented, a majority of shares so represented may adjourn from
time to time at the meeting, until holders of the amount of stock
required to constitute a quorum shall be in attendance. At any such
adjourned meetingat which a quorum shall be present, any business may be
transacted which might have been transacted as originally called. When
a shareholders' meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice
need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof
are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken, unless
the adjournment is for more than ten (10) days in which event notice
thereof shall be given.
Section 1.08 Voting.
(a) Each shareholder of record, such shareholder's duly
authorized proxy or attorney-in-fact shall be entitled to one (1) vote
for each share of stock standing registered in such shareholder's name
on the books of the corporation on the record date.
(b) Except as otherwise provided herein, all votes with respect
to shares standing in the name of an individual on the record date
(included pledged shares) shall be cast only by that individual or such
individual's duly authorized proxy or attorney-in-fact. With respect to
shares held by a representative of the estate of a deceased shareholder,
guardian, conservator, custodian or trustee, votes may be cast by such
holder upon proof of capacity, even though the shares do not stand in
the name of such holder. In the case of shares under the control of a
receiver, the receiver may cast votes carried by such shares even though
the shares do not stand in the name of the receiver provided that the
order of the court of competent jurisdiction which appoints the receiver
contains the authority to cast votes carried by such shares. If shares
stand in the name of a minor, votes may be cast only by the
duly-appointed guardian of the estate of such minor if such guardian has
provided the corporation with written notice and proof of such
appointment.
(c) With respect to shares standing in the name of a corporation
on the record date, votes may be cast by such officer or agents as the
by-laws of such corporation prescribe or, in the absence of an
applicable by-law provision, by such person as may be appointed by
resolution of the Board of Directors of such corporation. In the event
no person is so appointed, such votes of the corporation may be cast by
any person (including the officer making the authorization) authorized
to do so by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, President or any
Vice President of such corporation.
(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein contained,
no votes may be cast by shares owned by this corporation or its
subsidiaries, if any. If shares are held by this corporation or its
subsidiaries, if any, in a fiduciary capacity, no votes shall be cast
with respect thereto on any matter except to the extent that the
beneficial owner thereof possesses and exercises either a right to vote
or to give the corporation holding the same binding instructions on how
to vote.
(e) With respect to shares standing in the name of two or more
persons, whether fiduciaries, members of a partnership, joint tenants,
tenants in common, husband and wife as community property, tenants by
the entirety, voting trustees, persons entitled to vote under a
shareholder voting agreement or otherwise and shares held by two or more
persons (including proxy holders) having the same fiduciary relationship
respect in the same shares, votes may be cast in the following manner:
(1)If only one such person votes, the votes of such person
binds all.
(2)If more than one person casts votes, the act of the majority
so voting binds all.
(3)If more than one person casts votes, but the vote is evenly
split on a particular matter, the votes shall be deemed cast
proportionately as split.
(f) Any holder of shares entitled to vote on any matter may cast
a portion of the votes in favor of such matter and refrain from casting
the remaining votes or cast the same against the proposal, except in the
case of elections of directors. If such holder entitled to vote fails
to specify the number of affirmative votes, it will be conclusively
presumed that the holder is casting affirmative votes with respect to
all shares held.
(g) If a quorum is present, the affirmative vote of holders of a
majority of the shares represented at the meeting and entitled to vote
on any matter shall be the act of the shareholders, unless a vote of
greater number or voting by classes is required by the laws of the State
of Nevada, the Articles of Incorporation and these By-Laws.
Section 1.09 Proxies. At any meeting of shareholders, any holder of
shares entitled to vote may authorize another person or persons to vote by
proxy with respect to the shares held by an instrument in writing and
subscribed to by the holder of such shares entitled to vote. No proxy shall
be valid after the expiration of six (6) months from the date of execution
thereof, unless coupled with an interest or unless otherwise specified in the
proxy. In no event shall the term of a proxy exceed seven (7) years from the
date of its execution. Every proxy shall continue in full force and effect
until its expiration or revocation. Revocation may be effected by filing an
instrument revoking the same or a duly-executed proxy bearing a later date
with the secretary of the corporation.
Section 1.10 Order of Business. At the annual shareholders meeting,
the regular order of business shall be as follows:
(1)Determination of shareholders present and existence of
quorum;
(2)Reading and approval of the minutes of the previous meeting
or meetings;
(3)Reports of the Board of Directors, the president, treasurer
and secretary of the corrporation, in the order named;
(4)Reports of committee;
(5)Election of directors;
(6)Unfinished business;
(7) New business;
(8)Adjournment.
Section 1.11 Absentees Consent to Meetings. Transactions of any
meeting of the shareholders are as valid as though had at a meeting duly-held
after regular call and notice if a quorum is present, either in person or by
proxy, and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the persons
entitled to vote, not present in person or by proxy (and those who, although
present, either object at the beginning of the meeting to the transaction of
any business because the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened or
expressly object at the meeting to the consideration of matters not included
in the notice which are legally required to be included therein), signs a
written waiver of notice and/or consent to the holding of the meeting or an
approval of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents, and approvals
shall be filed with the corporate records and made a part of the minutes of
the meeting. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of
notice of such meeting, except when the person objects at the beginning of the
meeting to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully
called or convened and except that attendance at a meeting is not a waiver of
any right to object to the consideration of matters not included in the notice
if such objection is expressly made at the beginning. Neither the business to
be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting of
shareholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice, except as
otherwise provided in Section 1.04(b) of these By-Laws.
Section 1.12 Action Without Meeting. Any action which may be taken by
the vote of the shareholders at a meeting may be taken without a meeting if
consented to by the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote or
such greater proportion as may be required by the laws of the State of Nevada,
the Articles of Incorporation, or these ByLaws. Whenever action is taken by
written consent, a meeting of shareholders needs not be called or noticed.
ARTICLE II
DIRECTORS
Section 2.01 Number, Tenure and Qualification. Except as otherwise
provided herein, the Board of Directors of the corporation shall consist of at
least one (1) but no more than nine (9) persons, who shall be elected at the
annual meeting of the shareholders of the corporation and who shall hold
office for one (1) year or until their successors are elected and qualify.
Section 2.02 Resignation. Any director may resign effective upon
giving written notice to the chairman of the Board of Directors, the
president, or the secretary of the corporation, unless the notice specifies a
later time for effectiveness of such resignation. If the Board of Directors
accepts the resignation of a director tendered to take effect at a future
date, the Board or the shareholders may elect a successor to take office when
the resignation becomes effective.
Section 2.03 Reduction in Number. No reduction of the number of
directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the
expiration of his term of office.
Section 2.04 Removal. The Board of Directors or the shareholders of the
corporation, by a majority vote, may declare vacant the office of a
director who has been declared incompetent by an order of a court of
competent jurisdiction or convicted of a felony. The stockholders of the
corporation shall have the power to remove directors with or without
cause.
Section 2.05 Vacancies.
(a) A vacancy in the Board of Directors because of death,
resignation, removal, change in number of directors, or otherwise may be
filled by the shareholders at any regular or special meeting or any
adjourned meeting thereof or the remaining director(s) by the
affirmative vote of a majority thereof. A Board of Directors consisting
of less than the maximum number authorized in Section 2.01 of ARTICLE II
constitutes vacancies on the Board of Directors for purposes of this
paragraph and may be filled as set forth above including by the election
of a majority of the remaining directors. Each successor so elected
shall hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders or until
a successor shall have been duly-elected and qualified.
(b) If, after the filling of any vacancy by the directors, the
directors then in office who have been elected by the shareholders shall
constitute less than a majority of the directors then in office, any
holder or holders of an aggregate of five percent (5%) or more of the
total number of shares entitled to vote may call a special meeting of
shareholders to be held to elect the entire Board of Directors. The
term of office of any director shall terminate upon such election of a
successor.
Section 2.06 Regular Meetings. Immediately following the adjournment
of, and at the same place as, the annual meeting of the shareholders, the
Board of Directors, including directors newly elected, shall hold its annual
meeting without notice, other than this provision, to elect officers of the
corporation and to transact such further business as may be necessary or
appropriate. The Board of Directors may provide by resolution the place, date
and hour for holding additional regular meetings.
Section 2.07 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of
Directors may be called by the chairman and shall be called by the chairman
upon the request of any two (2) directors or the president of the corporation.
Section 2.08 Place of Meetings. Any meeting of the directors of the
corporation may be held at its principal office in the State of Nevada, or at
such other place in or out of the United States as the Board of Directors may
designate. A waiver or notice signed by the directors may designate any place
for the holding of such meeting.
Section 2.09 Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided in
Section 2.06, the chairman shall deliver to all directors written or printed
notice of any special meeting, at least three (3) days before the date of such
meeting, by delivery of such notice personally or mailing such notice first
class mail, or by telegram. If mailed, the notice shall be deemed delivered
two (2) business days following the date the same is deposited in the United
States mail, postage prepaid. Any director may waive notice of any meeting,
and the attendance of a director at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of
notice of such meeting, unless such attendance is for the express purpose of
objecting to the transaction of business threat because the meeting is not
properly called or convened.
Section 2.10 Quorum: Adjourned Meetings.
(a) A majority of the Board of Directors in office shall
constitute a quorum.
(b) At any meeting of the Board of Directors where a quorum is
not present, a majority of those present may adjourn, from time to time,
until a quorum is present, and no notice of such adjournment shall be
required. At any adjourned meeting where a quorum is present, any
business may be transacted which could have been transacted at the
meeting originally called.
Section 2.11 Action Without Meeting. Any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is signed by all
of the members of the Board of Directors or of such committee. Such written
consent or consents shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the
Board of Directors or committee. Such action by written consent shall have
the same force and effect as the unanimous vote of the Board of Directors or
committee.
Section 2.12 Telephonic Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors
may be held through the use of a conference telephone or similar
communications equipment so long as all members participating in such meeting
can hear one another at the time of such meeting. Participation in such a
meeting constitutes presence in person at such meeting.
Section 2.13 Board Decisions. The affirmative vote of a majority of
the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the
act of the Board of Directors.
Section 2.14 Powers and Duties.
(a) Except as otherwise provided in the Articles of
Incorporation or the laws of the State of Nevada, the Board of Directors
is invested with the complete and unrestrained authority to manage the
affairs of the corporation, and is authorized to exercise for such
purpose as the general agent of the corporation, its entire corporate
authority in such manner as it sees fit. The Board of Directors may
delegate any of its authority to manage, control or conduct the current
business of the corporation to any standing or special committee or to
any officer or agent and to appoint any persons to be agents of the
corporation with such powers, including the power to sub-delegate, and
upon such terms as may be deemed fit.
(b) The Board of Directors shall present to the shareholders at
annual meetings of the shareholders, and when called for by a majority
vote of the shareholders at a special meeting of the shareholders, a
full and clear statement of the condition of the corporation, and shall,
at request, furnish each of the shareholders with a true copy thereof.
(c) The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may submit any
contract or act for approval or ratification at any annual meeting of
the shareholders or any special meeting properly called for the purpose
of considering any such contract or act, provided a quorum is present.
The contract or act shall be valid and binding upon the corporation and
upon all the shareholders thereof, if approved and ratified by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the shareholders at such meeting.
(d) In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred
by the laws of the State of Nevada, the Board of Directors is expressly
authorized and empowered to issue stock of the Corporation for money,
property, services rendered, labor performed, cash advanced,
acquisitions for other corporations or for any other assets of value in
accordance with the action of the Board of Directors without vote or
consent of the shareholders and the judgment of the Board of Directors
as to the value received and in return therefore shall be conclusive and
said stock, when issued, shall be fully-paid and non-assessable.
Section 2.15 Compensation. The directors shall be allowed and paid all
necessary expenses incurred in attending any meetings of the Board, but shall
not receive any compensation for their services as directors until such time
as the corporation is able to declare and pay dividends on its capital stock.
Section 2.16 Board Officers.
(a) At its annual meeting, the Board of Directors shall elect,
from among its members, a chairman to preside at the meetings of the
Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may also elect such other
board officers and for such term as it may, from time to time, determine
advisable.
(b) Any vacancy in any board office because of death,
resignation, removal or otherwise may be filled by the Board of
Directors for the unexpired portion of the term of such office.
Section 2.17 Order of Business. The order of business at any meeting
of the Board of Directors shall be as follows:
(1)Determination of members present and existence of quorum;
(2)Reading and approval of the minutes of any previous meeting
or meetings;
(3)Reports of officers and committeemen;
(4)Election of officers;
(5)Unfinished business;
(6) New business;
(7)Adjournment.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
Section 3.01 Election. The Board of Directors, at its first meeting
following the annual meeting of shareholders, shall elect a president, a
secretary and a treasurer to hold office for one (1) year next coming and
until their successors are elected and qualify. Any person may hold two or
more offices. The Board of Directors may, from time to time, by resolution,
appoint one or more vice presidents, assistant secretaries, assistant
treasurers and transfer agents of the corporation as it may deem advisable;
prescribe their duties; and fix their compensation.
Section 3.02 Removal; Resignation. Any officer or agent elected or
appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed by it whenever, in its
judgment, the best interest of the corporation would be served thereby. Any
officer may resign at any time upon written notice to the corporation without
prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to
which the resigning officer is a party.
Section 3.03 Vacancies. Any vacancy in any office because
of death, resignation, removal, or otherwise may be filled by the
Board of Directors for the unexpired portion of the term of such
office.
Section 3.04 President. The president shall be the general manager and
executive officer of the corporation, subject to the supervision and control
of the Board of Directors, and shall direct the corporate affairs, with full
power to execute all resolutions and orders of the Board of Directors not
especially entrusted to some other officer of the corporation. The president
shall preside at all meetings of the shareholders and shall sign the
certificates of stock issued by the corporation, and shall perform such other
duties as shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors.
Unless otherwise ordered by the Board of Directors, the president shall
have full power and authority on behalf of the corporation to attend and to
act and to vote at any meetings of the shareholders of any corporation in
which the corporation may hold stock and, at any such meetings, shall possess
and may exercise any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership of
such stock. The Board of Directors, by resolution from time to time, may
confer like powers on any person or persons in place of the president to
represent the corporation for these purposes.
Section 3.05 Vice President. The Board of Directors may elect one or
more vice presidents who shall be vested with all the powers and perform all
the duties of the president whenever the president is absent or unable to act,
including the signing of the certificates of stock issued by the corporation,
and the vice president shall perform such other duties as shall be prescribed
by the Board of Directors.
Section 3.06 Secretary. The secretary shall keep the minutes of all
meetings of the shareholders and the Board of Directors in books provided for
that purpose. The secretary shall attend to the giving and service of all
notices of the corporation, may sign with the president in the name of the
corporation all contracts authorized by the Board of Directors or appropriate
committee, shall have the custody of the corporate seal, shall affix the
corporate seal to all certificates of stock duly issued by the corporation,
shall have charge of stock certificate books, transfer books and stock
ledgers, and such other books and papers as the Board of Directors or
appropriate committee may direct, and shall, in general perform all duties
incident to the office of the secretary. All corporate books kept by the
secretary shall be open for examination by any director at any reasonable
time.
Section 3.07 Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may appoint
an assistant secretary who shall have such powers and perform such duties as
may be prescribed for him by the secretary of the corporation or by the Board
of Directors.
Section 3.08 Treasurer. The treasurer shall be the chief financial
officer of the corporation, subject to the supervision and control of the
Board of Directors, and shall have custody of all the funds and securities of
the corporation. When necessary or proper, the treasurer shall endorse on
behalf of the corporation for collection checks, notes and other obligations,
and shall deposit all monies to the credit of the corporation in such bank or
banks or other depository as the Board of Directors may designate, and shall
sign all receipts and vouchers for payments made by the corporation. Unless
otherwise specified by the Board of Directors, the treasurer shall sign with
the president all bills of exchange and promissory notes of the corporation,
shall also have the care and custody of the stocks, bonds, certificates,
vouchers, evidence of debts, securities and such other property belonging to
the corporation as the Board of Directors shall designate, and shall sign all
papers required by law, by these By-laws or by the Board of Directors to be
signed by the treasurer. The treasurer shall enter regularly in the books of
the corporation, to be kept for that purpose, full and accurate accounts of
all monies received and paid on account of the corporation and whenever
required by the Board of Directors, the treasurer shall render a statement of
any or all accounts. The treasurer shall at all reasonable times exhibit the
books of account to any directors of the corporation and shall perform all
acts incident to the position of treasurer subject to the control of the Board
of Directors. The treasurer shall, if required by the Board of Directors,give
a bond to the corporation in such sum and with such security as shall be
approved by the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of all the
duties of the treasurer and for restoration to the corporation in the event of
the treasurer's death, resignation, retirement, or removal from office, of all
books, records, papers, vouchers, money and other property belonging to the
corporation. The expense of such bond shall be borne by the corporation.
Section 3.09 Assistant Treasurer. The Board of Directors may appoint
an assistant treasurer who shall have such powers and perform such duties as
may be prescribed by the treasurer of the corporation or by the Board of
Directors, and the Board of Directors may require the assistant treasurer to
give a bond to the corporation in such sum and with such security as it may
approve,for the faithful performance of the duties of assistant treasurer, and
for the restoration to the corporation, in the event of the assistant
treasurer's death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all
books, records, papers, vouchers, money and other property belonging to the
corporation. The expense of such bond shall be borne by the corporation.
ARTICLE IV
CAPITAL STOCK
Section 4.01 Issuance. Shares of capital stock of the corporation
shall be issued in such manner and at such times and upon such conditions as
shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.02 Certificates. Ownership in the corporation shall be
evidenced by certificates for shares of stock in such form as shall be
prescribed by the Board of Directors, shall be under the seal of the
corporation and shall be signed by the president or the vice president and
also by the secretary or an assistant secretary. Each certificate shall
contain the name of the record holder, the number, designation, if any, class
or series of shares represented, a statement of summary of any applicable
rights, preferences, privileges, or restrictions thereon, and a statement that
the shares are assessable, if applicable. All certificates shall be
consecutively numbered. The name and address of the shareholder, the number
of shares, and the date of issue shall be entered on the stock transfer books
of the corporation.
Section 4.03 Surrender: Lost or Destroyed Certificates. All
certificates surrendered to the corporation, except those representing shares
of treasury stock, shall be canceled and no new certificates shall be issued
until the former certificate for a like number of shares shall have been
canceled, except that in case of a lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated
certificate, a new one may be issued therefor. However, any shareholder
applying for the issuance of a stock certificate in lieu of one alleged to
have been lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated shall, prior to the issuance of
a replacement, provide the corporation with his, her or its affidavit of the
facts surrounding the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation and an indemnity
bond in an amount and upon such terms as the treasurer, or the Board of
Directors, shall require. In no case shall the bond be in amount less than
twice the current market value of the stock and it shall indemnify the
corporation against any loss, damage, cost or inconvenience arising as a
consequence of the issuance of a replacement certificate.
Section 4.04 Replacement Certificate. When the Articles of
Incorporation are amended in any way affecting the statements contained in the
certificates for outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation or it
becomes desirable for any reason, including, without limitation, the merger or
consolidation of the corporation with another corporation or the
reorganization of the corporation, to cancel any outstanding certificate for
shares and issue a new certificate therefor conforming to the rights of the
holder, the Board of Directors may order any holders of outstanding
certificates for shares to surrender and exchange the same for new
certificates within a reasonable time to be fixed by the Board of Directors.
The order may provide that a holder of any certificate(s) ordered to be
surrendered shall not be entitled to vote, receive dividends or exercise any
other rights of shareholders until the holder has complied with the order
provided that such order operates to suspend such rights only after notice and
until compliance.
Section 4.05 Transfer of Shares. No transfer of stock shall be valid
as against the corporation except on surrender and cancellation by the
certificate therefor, accompanied by an assignment or transfer by the
registered owner made either in person or under assignment. Whenever any
transfer shall be expressly made for collateral security and not absolutely,
the collateral nature of the transfer shall be reflected in the entry of
transfer on the books of the corporation.
Section 4.06 Transfer Agent. The Board of Directors may appoint one or
more transfer agents and registrars of transfer and may require all
certificates for shares of stock to bear the signature of such transfer agent
and such registrar of transfer.
Section 4.07 Stock Transfer Books. The stock transfer books shall be
closed for a period of ten (10) days prior to all meetings of the shareholders
and shall be closed for the payment of dividends as provided in Article V
hereof and during such periods as, from time to time, may be fixed by the
Board of Directors, and, during such periods, no stock shall be transferable.
Section 4.08 Miscellaneous. The Board of Directors shall have the
power and authority to make such rules and regulations not inconsistent
herewith as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and
registration of certificates for shares of the capital stock of the
corporation.
ARTICLE V
DIVIDENDS
Section 5.01Dividends may be declared, subject to the provisions of the
laws of the State of Nevada and the Articles of Incorporation, by the Board of
Directors at any regular or special meeting and may be paid in cash, property,
shares of corporate stock, or any other medium. The Board of Directors may
fix in advance a record date, as provided in Section 1.06 of these By-laws,
prior to the dividend payment for the purpose of determining shareholders
entitled to receive payment of any dividend. The Board of Directors may close
the stock transfer books for such purpose for a period of not more than ten
(10) days prior to the payment date of such dividend.
ARTICLE VI
OFFICES; RECORDS; REPORTS; SEAL AND FINANCIAL MATTERS
Section 6.01 Principal Office. The principal office of the corporation
in the State of Nevada shall be the Law Offices of Max C. Tanner, 2950 East
Flamingo Road, Suite G, Las Vegas, Nevada 89121, and the corporation may have
an office in any other state or territory as the Board of Directors may
designate.
Section 6.02 Records. The stock transfer books and a certified copy of
the By-laws, Articles of Incorporation, any amendments thereto, and the
minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders, the Board of Directors, and
committees of the Board of Directors shall be kept at the principal office of
the corporation for the inspection of all who have the right to see the same
and for the transfer of stock. All other books of the corporation shall be
kept at such places as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors.
Section 6.03 Financial Report on Request. Any shareholder or
shareholders holding at least five percent (5%) of the outstanding shares of
any class of stock may make a written request for an income statement of the
corporation for the three (3) month, six (6) month, or nine (9) month period
of the current fiscal year ended more than thirty (30) days prior to the date
of the request and a balance sheet of the corporation as of the end of such
period. In addition, if no annual report for the last fiscal year has been
sent to shareholders, such shareholder or shareholders may make a request for
a balance sheet as of the end of such fiscal year and an income statement and
statement of changes in financial position for such fiscal year. The
statement shall be delivered or mailed to the person making the request within
thirty (30) days thereafter. A copy of the statements shall be kept on file
in the principal office of the corporation for twelve (12) months, and such
copies shall be exhibited at all reasonable times to any shareholder demanding
an examination of them or a copy shall be mailed to each shareholder. Upon
request by any shareholder, there shall be mailed to the shareholder a copy of
the last annual, semiannual or quarterly income statement which it has
prepared and a balance sheet as of the end of the period. The financial
statements referred to in this Section 6.03 shall be accompanied by the report
thereon, if any, of any independent accountants engaged by the corporation or
the certificate of an authorized officer of the corporation that such
financial statements were prepared without audit from the books and records of
the corporation.
Section 6.04 Right of Inspection.
(a) The accounting books and records and minutes of proceedings
of the shareholders and the Board of Directors and committees of the
Board of Directors shall be open to inspection upon the written demand
of any shareholder or holder of a voting trust certificate at any
reasonable time during usual business hours for a purpose reasonably
related to such holder's interest as a shareholder or as the holder of
such voting trust certificate. This right of inspection shall extend to
the records of the subsidiaries, if any, of the corporation. Such
inspection may be made in person or by agent or attorney, and the right
of inspection includes the right to copy and make extracts.
(b) Every director shall have the absolute right at any
reasonable time to inspect and copy all books, records and documents of
every kind and to inspect the physical properties of the corporation
and/or its subsidiary corporations. Such inspection may be made in
person or by agent or attorney, and the right of inspection includes the
right to copy and make extracts.
Section 6.05 Corporate Seal. The Board of Directors may, by
resolution, authorize a seal, and the seal may be used by causing it, or a
facsimile, to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. Except when
otherwise specifically provided herein, any officer of the corporation shall
have the authority to affix the seal to any document requiring it.
Section 6.06 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year-end of the corporation shall
be the calendar year or such other term as may be fixed by resolution of the
Board of Directors.
Section 6.07 Reserves. The Board of Directors may create, by
resolution, out of the earned surplus of the corporation such reserves as the
directors may, from time to time, in their discretion, think proper to provide
for contingencies, or to equalize dividends or to repair or maintain any
property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the Board of
Directors may deem beneficial to the corporation, and the directors may modify
or abolish any such reserves in the manner in which they were created.
ARTICLE VII
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 7.01 Indemnification. The corporation shall, unless prohibited
by Nevada Law, indemnify any person (an "Indemnitee") who is or was involved
in any manner (including, without limitation, as a party or a witness) or is
threatened to be so involved in any threatened, pending or completed action
suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or
investigative, including without limitation, any action, suit or proceeding
brought by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its
favor (collectively, a "Proceeding") by reason of the fact that he is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving
at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan
or other entity or enterprise, against all Expenses and Liabilities actually
and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such Proceeding. The right
to indemnification conferred in this Article shall be presumed to have been
relied upon by the directors, officers, employees and agents of the
corporation and shall be enforceable as a contract right and inure to the
benefit of heirs, executors and administrators of such individuals.
Section 7.02 Indemnification Contracts. The Board of Directors is
authorized on behalf of the corporation, to enter into, deliver and perform
agreements or other arrangements to provide any Indemnitee with specific
rights of indemnification in addition to the rights provided hereunder to the
fullest extent permitted by Nevada Law. Such agreements or arrangements may
provide (i) that the Expenses of officers and directors incurred in defending
a civil or criminal action, suit or proceeding, must be paid by the
corporation as they are incurred and in advance of the final disposition of
any such action, suit or proceeding provided that, if required by Nevada Law
at the time of such advance, the officer or director provides an undertaking
to repay such amounts if it is ultimately determined by a court of competent
jurisdiction that such individual is not entitled to be indemnified against
such expenses, (iii) that the Indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to
indemnification under this Article or such agreement or arrangement and the
corporation shall have the burden of proof to overcome that presumption, (iii)
for procedures to be followed by the corporation and the Indemnitee in making
any determination of entitlement to indemnification or for appeals therefrom
and (iv) for insurance or such other Financial Arrangements described in
Paragraph 7.02 of this Article, all as may be deemed appropriate by the Board
of Directors at the time of execution of such agreement or arrangement.
Section 7.03 Insurance and Financial Arrangements. The corporation
may, unless prohibited by Nevada Law, purchase and maintain insurance or make
other financial arrangements ("Financial Arrangements") on behalf of any
Indemnitee for any liability asserted against him and liability and expenses
incurred by him in his capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, or
arising out of his status as such, whether or not the corporation has the
authority to indemnify him against such liability and expenses. Such other
Financial Arrangements may include (i) the creation of a trust fund, (ii) the
establishment of a program of self-insurance, (iii) the securing of the
corporation's obligation of indemnification by granting a security interest or
other lien on any assets of the corporation, or (iv) the establishment of a
letter of credit, guaranty or surety.
Section 7.04 Definitions. For purposes of this Article:
Expenses. The word "Expenses" shall be broadly construed and,
without limitation, means (i) all direct and indirect costs incurred,
paid or accrued, (ii) all attorneys' fees, retainers, court costs,
transcripts, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, food and
lodging expenses while traveling, duplicating costs, printing and
binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service, freight or
other transportation fees and expenses, (iii) all other disbursements
and out-of-pocket expenses, (iv) amounts paid in settlement, to the
extent permitted by Nevada Law, and (v) reasonable compensation for time
spent by the Indemnitee for which he is otherwise not compensated by the
corporation or any third party, actually and reasonably incurred in
connection with either the appearance at or investigation, defense,
settlement or appeal of a Proceeding or establishing or enforcing a
right to indemnification under any agreement or arrangement, this
Article, the Nevada Law or otherwise; provided, however, that "Expenses"
shall not include any judgments or fines or excise taxes or penalties
imposed under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended ("ERISA") or other excise taxes or penalties.
Liabilities. "Liabilities" means liabilities of any
type whatsoever, including, but not limited to, judgments or
fines, ERISA or other excise taxes and penalties, and
amounts paid in settlement.
Nevada Law. "Nevada Law" means Chapter 78 of the Nevada Revised
Statutes as amended and in effect from time to time or any successor or
other statutes of Nevada having similar import and effect.
This Article. "This Article" means Paragraphs 7.01 through 7.04
of these bylaws or any portion of them.
Power of Stockholders. Paragraphs 7.01 through 7.04, including
this Paragraph, of these Bylaws may be amended by the stockholders only
by vote of the holders of sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of
the entire number of shares of each class, voting separately, of the
outstanding capital stock of the corporation (even though the right of
any class to vote is otherwise restricted or denied); provided, however,
no amendment or repeal of this Article shall adversely affect any right
of any Indemnitee existing at the time such amendment or repeal becomes
effective.
Power of Directors. Paragraphs 7.01 through 7.04 and this
Paragraph of these Bylaws may be amended or repealed by the Board of
Directors only by vote of eighty percent (80%) of the total number of
Directors and the holders of sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3)
of the entire number of shares of each class, voting separately, of the
outstanding capital stock of the corporation (even though the right of
any class to vote is otherwise restricted or denied); provided, however,
no amendment or repeal of this Article shall adversely affect any right
of any Indemnitee existing at the time such amendment or repeal becomes
effective.
ARTICLE VIII
BY-LAWS
Section 8.01 Amendment. Amendments and changes of these By-Laws may be
made at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors by a vote of
not less than all of the entire Board, or may be made by a vote of, or a
consent in writing signed by the holders of a majority of the issued and
outstanding capital stock.
Section 8.02 Additional By-Laws. Additional by-laws not inconsistent
herewith may be adopted by the Board of Directors at any meeting of the Board
of Directors at which a quorum is present by an affirmative vote of a majority
of the directors present or by the unanimous consent of the Board of Directors
in accordance with Section 2.11 of these By-laws.
CERTIFICATION
I, the undersigned, being the duly elected President of the Corporation,
do hereby certify that the foregoing By-laws were adopted by the Board of
Directors on the 13th day of June, 1996.
/s/ Richard Mangiarelli
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Richard Mangiarelli, President
