UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 20-F
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ANNUAL REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998
Commission File Number: 333-7480
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO S.A. DE C.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Bachoco Industries
(Translation of Registrant's name into English)
The United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Avenida Tecnologico No. 401
Zona Industrial C.P. 38010
Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
(Address of principal executive offices)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
------------------- -----------------------------------------
American Depositary Shares, each New York Stock Exchange
representing six Units, each Unit
consisting of one Series B Share
and one Series L Share.
Securities Registered or to be Registered pursuant to
Section 12(g) of the Act: None.
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation
pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report:
Series B Capital Stock 450,000,000 Shares
Series L Capital Stock 150,000,000 Shares
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected
to follow:
Item 17 [ ] Item 18 [X]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
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PART I
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ITEM 1. Description of Business..................................................................... 1
ITEM 2. Description of Property..................................................................... 11
ITEM 3 Legal Proceedings........................................................................... 12
ITEM 4. Control of Registrant....................................................................... 12
ITEM 5. Nature of Trading Market.................................................................... 13
ITEM 6. Exchange Control and Other Limitations Affecting Security-Holders........................... 15
ITEM 7. Taxation.................................................................................... 16
ITEM 8. Selected Financial Data..................................................................... 19
ITEM 9. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations....... 22
ITEM 9A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.................................. 33
ITEM 10. Directors and Officers of Registration...................................................... 35
ITEM 11. Compensation of Directors and Officers...................................................... 36
ITEM 12. Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries*............................. 36
ITEM 13. Interest of Management in Certain Transactions.............................................. 36
PART II
ITEM 14. Description of Securities to be Registered*................................................. 37
PART III
ITEM 15. Defaults Upon Senior Securities*............................................................ 37
ITEM 16. Changes in Securities and Changes in Security for Registered Securities*.................... 37
PART IV
ITEM 17. Financial Statements**...................................................................... 37
ITEM 18. Financial Statements........................................................................ 37
ITEM 19. Financial Statements........................................................................ F-1
</TABLE>
(*)......Omitted because the item is inapplicable or the answer is negative.
(**).....The Company has responded to Item 18 in lieu of this Item.
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Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. is a holding company with no operations
other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Its principal operating
subsidiary is Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. ("BSACV"), which owns Bachoco's principal
operating assets and which accounted for 98.1% of consolidated total assets at
December 31, 1998. References herein to "Bachoco" or the "Company" are, unless
the context otherwise requires, to Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. and its
consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.
The Company is incorporated under the laws of Mexico, and all of its
operations are in Mexico. The principal executive offices of the Company are
located at Avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico C.P. 38010,
and its telephone number is (524) 618-3500.
Presentation of Information
The Company publishes its financial statements in Mexican pesos and
presents its financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles in Mexico ("Mexican GAAP"). Mexican GAAP requires
restatement of all financial statements to constant pesos as of the date of the
most recent balance sheet presented. All data in the financial statements
included herein in Item 18 (together with the notes thereto, the "Consolidated
Financial Statements") and the selected financial information included
throughout this Annual Report on Form 20-F (this "Annual Report") have been
restated in constant pesos as of December 31, 1998, except as otherwise
indicated.
Mexican GAAP differs in certain significant respects from generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States ("US GAAP"). For a
discussion of certain significant differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP
as they relate to the Company, together with a reconciliation of net income and
stockholders' equity to U.S. GAAP, see Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements. The effect of price level restatement under Mexican GAAP has not
been reversed in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. See Note 13 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
References herein to "U.S. dollars", "U.S.$" or "$" are to the lawful
currency of the United States. References herein to "pesos" or "Ps." are to the
lawful currency of Mexico. This Annual Report contains translations of certain
peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of
the reader. Unless otherwise indicated, such U.S. dollar amounts have been
translated from pesos at an exchange rate of Ps.9.876 to U.S.$1.00, the exchange
rate provided by Grupo Financiero Banamex - Accival, S.A. on December 31, 1998.
Certain amounts set forth herein may not sum due to rounding.
As used herein, the term "tonnes" refers to metric tons of 1,000 kilograms
(equal to 2,204.6 pounds) and the term "billion" refers to one thousand million
(1,000,000,000). One square meter is equivalent to 10.764 square feet.
Market Data
This Annual Report contains certain statistical information regarding the
Mexican chicken, beef, egg and swine markets and Bachoco's market share. This
information has been derived from a variety of sources, including the producers'
associations Union Nacional de Avicultores ("UNA"), Consejo Nacional
Agropecuario ("CNA") and Consejo Mexicano de Porcicultura ("CMP"), as well as
Banco de Mexico (the "Mexican Central Bank"), Secretaria de Agricultura
Ganaderia y Desarrollo Rural (the "Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural
Development" or "SAGAR") and publications of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
("USDA"). The producers' associations rely principally on data provided by their
members. Information for which no source is cited has been prepared by Bachoco
on the basis of its knowledge of the Mexican chicken, egg and swine markets and
the wide variety on information available to it. The methodology and terminology
used by different sources are not always consistent, and data from different
sources are not readily comparable.
Forward-Looking Statements
The Company may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking
statements in its periodic reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission on
Forms 20-F and 6-K, in its annual report to shareholders, in offering circulars
and prospectuses, in press releases and other written materials, and in oral
statements made by an officer, director or employee of the Company to analysts,
institutional investors, representatives of the media and others.
Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited
to: (i) projections of revenues, income (or loss), earnings (or loss) per share,
capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or
ratios, (ii) statements of plans, objectives or goals of the Company or its
management, including those relating to new contracts, (iii) statements about
future economic performance, and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such
statements. Words such as "believe," "anticipate," "plan," "expect," "intend,"
"target," "estimate," "project," "predict," "forecast," "guideline," "should"
and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but
are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.
Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and
the Company cautions readers that a number of important factors could cause
actual results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, expectations,
estimates and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements. Such
factors include: economic, weather and political conditions, raw material
prices, competitive conditions and demand for chicken, eggs and swine. The
Company cautions that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive and that
other risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from
those in forward-looking statements.
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PART I
ITEM 1 Description of Business
General
Bachoco is the largest poultry producer in Mexico, with three principal
product lines: chicken, eggs and swine. With production of approximately 4.5
million broilers per week, Bachoco accounted for approximately 22.3% of total
Mexican chicken production in 1998. As a vertically integrated producer, Bachoco
controls virtually all aspects of the production and distribution process, which
enables it to exercise cost controls and to maintain high standards of quality,
service and efficiency. With over 450 production and distribution facilities
disbursed throughout Mexico, the Company's operations include preparing feed,
breeding, hatching and growing broilers and processing, packaging and
distributing chicken products. Sales of chicken products accounted for 86.5% of
Bachoco's net sales in 1998.
Bachoco is the third largest producer of table eggs in Mexico, producing
approximately 1.6 million dozen eggs per week. Bachoco has been an innovator in
packaging and marketing of table eggs. Sales of eggs accounted for 9.6% of
Bachoco's net sales in 1998. Sales of swine, which the Company sells on the hoof
to meat packers for the production of pork products, accounted for 2.3% of
Bachoco's net sales in 1998. The remaining portion of net sales was made up of
miscellaneous poultry-related products.
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods presented, the
volume of chicken, eggs and swine sold by Bachoco.
Bachoco Sales Volume
<TABLE>
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Year Ended December 31,
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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
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(thousands of tonnes)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Chicken.............................. 224.1 267.6 280.5 321.9 354.2
Eggs................................. 63.6 61.6 62.8 62.8 63.1
Swine................................ 10.3 10.7 10.9 11.2 11.2
</TABLE>
Due to strategic acquisitions, internal growth and improved efficiency,
Bachoco's volume of chicken sold increased by 58.1% from 1994 to 1998 (compared
to an increase of 14.7% in overall Mexican chicken production). Bachoco's share
of overall Mexican chicken production increased from 16.2% to 22.3% during the
same period. Bachoco has improved the efficiency of acquired facilities to take
full advantage of the additional production capacity and distribution
opportunities. The Mexican poultry industry varies regionally, with few
producers operating in multiple regions. Management believes that Bachoco has
the broadest geographic market coverage in the Mexican poultry industry and that
it is one of the largest poultry suppliers in the Mexico City metropolitan
region, which accounts for a significant portion of overall Mexican chicken
consumption. In the regions it serves, Bachoco currently sells in every major
product category and channel of distribution for poultry products, and the
Company expects to continue to do so in order to meet growing consumer demand.
Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. is a holding company with no operations
other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries and engaging in transactions
with its subsidiaries. Its principal operating subsidiary is BSACV, which owns
Bachoco's principal operating assets, and which accounted for 98.1% of
consolidated total assets at December 31, 1998 and 99.9% of consolidated
revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998. In addition, it has eight other
small consolidated operating subsidiaries. The shares of the consolidated
operating subsidiaries that are not owned by Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V.
represent immaterial ownership interests of local farmers.
Background and Ownership Structure
Founded in 1952 by the Robinson Bours family as a small commercial egg
operation in the state of Sonora, Bachoco has grown through expansion of its
existing facilities and through acquisitions of additional facilities from other
poultry producers. In 1974, the Company established operations in Celaya,
located in the agricultural region of Bajio, to begin servicing the Mexico City
metropolitan region. Beginning in 1988, Bachoco's management, recognizing the
potential for growth in Mexican chicken consumption and the advantages of a
large, vertically integrated operation, began to increase production capacity
and market share and to seek opportunities for geographic expansion. The Company
extended its market coverage, particularly in 1993 and 1994, through the
purchase of fixed assets and inventory from major regional producers facing
financial difficulties. Following each acquisition, Bachoco invested heavily to
build on the benefits of vertical integration and to apply Bachoco's production
and distribution methods and economies of scale to improve the performance of
the acquired facilities.
In April 1995, members of the Robinson Bours family with ownership
interests in Bachoco (the "Robinson Bours Stockholders") created a trust (the
"Control Trust"), the principal purpose of which is to hold a controlling
interest in the Company's Series B Shares. Bachoco's common stock ("Common
Stock") consists of Series B Shares ("Series B Shares") and Series L Shares of
limited voting stock ("Series L Shares") (collectively, the "Shares"). The
Shares are grouped into units. Each Unit ("Unit") consists of one Series B Share
and one Series L Share. Each B Unit ("B Unit") consists of two Series B Shares.
The Shares constituting each Unit or B Unit will not be separable until
September 2007, at which time the Units and B Units will automatically separate
into their component shares.
In September 1997, the Company made an initial public offering of Units
representing 17.25% of the outstanding Shares. Following the offering, the
Control Trust held Units and B Units representing 68.0% of the outstanding
Series B Shares. As of December 31, 1998, the Robinson Bours Stockholders owned
Units and B Units representing 88.5% of the Series B Shares outstanding. As a
result, the Robinson Bours Stockholders continue to have the power to control
the Company.
Members of the Robinson Bours family, together with certain executive
officers of the Company, hold a majority of the seats on the Board of Directors
of the Company. Enrique Robinson Bours is the Chairman of the Board of
Directors.
In November 1998, the Company approved a stock repurchase plan (the
"Repurchase Plan"), under which the Company may repurchase up to 3% of the total
shares outstanding, in accordance with Mexican securities laws. To execute the
Repurchase Plan, the Company created a reserve of Ps.184.4 million, which
reduced retained earnings on the Company's balance sheet. No shares were
repurchased prior to January 1, 1999. As of May 15, 1999, the Company had
repurchased 1,175,000 Units, representing 0.39% of the total shares outstanding.
Business Strategy
Over the past decade, Bachoco has more than doubled its chicken production,
establishing itself in every major product category and distribution channel for
chicken and expanding to cover a broader geographic market in Mexico than any
other chicken producer. Bachoco has also increased the efficiency of its
production process and built a reputation for the freshness of its chicken
products and quality of its customer service.
The Mexican poultry industry has experienced considerable consolidation in
recent years. Bachoco evaluates possible acquisitions of other poultry producers
or production facilities from time to time and may pursue certain opportunities
consistent with its business strategy. The key elements of Bachoco's strategy
are as follows:
o Increased market penetration through expanded distribution. The Company has
an extensive distribution network, supported by its own transportation
fleet, superior knowledge of existing wholesale channels and strategically
located cold storage warehouses and facilities. Since 1992, the Company has
increased substantially its distribution routes. Bachoco plans to continue
to develop and improve its distribution network and systems in every
product category and throughout expanding geographic areas in Mexico.
o Increased service and market responsiveness. Bachoco seeks to remain a
leader in the Mexican poultry market by maintaining high standards of
customer service and continuing to be responsive to the changing needs of
varying market segments. As part of this strategy, the Company has
structured its operations in such a way as to enable it to vary the size,
weight and color of its chicken products depending upon the particular
demands of the market segment. In addition, the Company has decentralized
order and sales services from its headquarters to its cold storage
warehouses and facilities, which serve as mid-points in distribution to
wholesalers and local customers. This strategy has allowed Bachoco to stay
closer to its customer base and to better cultivate growing customer
segments, such as food-service operators, supermarkets and food wholesale
clubs.
o Low-cost production and operating efficiency. Bachoco is among Mexico's
lowest cost producers and distributors of chicken, due in part to economies
of scale and vertically integrated operations. The Company pursues on-going
programs to increase operating efficiencies and reduce operating costs.
o Continued brand differentiation. Bachoco has developed a brand image for
premium fresh chicken and eggs in Mexico. Building on the success of its
branded products to date, Bachoco seeks to continue to promote its brand
name through billboards, packaging, special publicity campaigns, and
through development of brand loyalty among wholesale and retail
distributors.
Chicken Market Overview
Virtually all of the chicken sold by Bachoco and other major chicken
producers in Mexico is fresh chicken. Fresh chicken is a central ingredient in
many traditional Mexican dishes and the leading meat consumed in Mexico.
Further-processed chicken, such as heat-and-serve products, frozen dinners,
chicken nuggets and other similar foods, has found limited acceptance among
Mexican consumers, in part because of historical consumer preferences and in
part because a significant number of Mexicans have limited freezer capacity and
limited access to microwave or other types of ovens. The Company estimates that
further-processed chicken products account for less than 2% of the chicken sold
in Mexico.
In addition to freshness, Mexican consumers value other distinguishing
characteristics in chicken that vary for different presentations. For example,
Mexican consumers generally prefer chicken with pronounced yellow skin
pigmentation, a characteristic that Bachoco attains principally in its public
market and supermarket broiler chicken products by including marigold extract in
its chicken feed. Smaller whole fresh chicken has also been in increasing demand
in connection with various forms of fast-food outlets, principally chicken
roasting shops known as rosticerias and asaderos, which have developed rapidly
in recent years.
Total Mexican chicken consumption increased by 14.7% from 1994 to 1998.
According to UNA, chicken is the leading meat consumed in Mexico, and accounted
for approximately 40% of the meat consumed in Mexico, during 1998. The following
table sets forth total Mexican consumption of chicken, pork and beef for the
years 1994-1998.
Mexican Consumption of Chicken, Beef and Pork
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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
(thousands of tonnes)
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Chicken.............................................. 1,383 1,512 1,478 1,493 1,587
Beef................................................. 1,365 1,412 1,330 1,340 1,375
Pork................................................. 873 922 910 939 956
</TABLE>
Sources: UNA and SAGAR.
The Mexican chicken industry, like the chicken industry in other countries,
has been characterized by a long-term decline in real prices and by cyclical
periods of higher profitability, followed by overproduction, leading to periods
of lower prices and lower profitability. As a result of the Mexican economic
crisis beginning in December 1994, real chicken prices declined significantly in
1995. Although prices recovered slightly in 1996, prices fell again in 1997 and
1998 in real terms. Bachoco believes that Mexican chicken prices may decline
further in real terms, and that prices for chicken may also vary cyclically.
Bachoco believes that the changes in Mexican chicken consumption have been
closely correlated with changing chicken prices and effects on consumer
purchasing power. In 1993 and 1994, when chicken prices were stable or declined
only slightly, the growth in consumption was relatively slow. In 1995, when
supply increased and real prices felt, chicken consumption grew by 8.8%. Chicken
consumption fell by 2.2% in 1996, as many smaller producers went out of business
during the economic crisis, causing supply to contract and prices to rise. In
1997 and 1998 chicken consumption increased by 1.0% and 6.3% respectively, as a
result of a decline in chicken prices, an increase in supply and improved
economic conditions in Mexico.
Chicken Products
Five principal product categories exist for fresh chicken in Mexico: live,
rotisserie, public market, supermarket broiler and chicken parts.
"Live" chicken is delivered alive to small independent slaughtering
operations or to wholesalers that contract with independent slaughtering
operations for processing. The freshly-slaughtered chicken is then sold to
chicken shops and other specialized retailers for sale to consumers, and in
some areas is sold directly to consumers by the slaughterhouse. According
to UNA, live chicken accounts for approximately 42% by volume of the
chicken sold by producers in Mexico.
"Rotisserie" chicken is a whole broiler presented eviscerated and ready to
cook. Rotisserie chicken is sold by wholesalers and directly by producers
to small shops, stands (rosticerias or asaderos) and supermarkets, which
cook the chicken and sell it whole and freshly cooked to the end-consumer,
providing an economical form of fast-food. Rotisserie chicken represents
the fastest growing segment of the Mexican chicken market. According to
UNA, rotisserie chicken accounts for approximately 27% by volume of the
chicken sold by producers in Mexico.
"Public market" chicken is a whole broiler presented uneviscerated,
generally sold within 48 hours after slaughter in public markets throughout
Mexico, but primarily concentrated in the Mexico City metropolitan region.
According to UNA, public market chicken accounts for approximately 18% by
volume of the chicken sold by producers in Mexico.
"Supermarket Broiler" chicken is a fresh whole broiler presented with the
edible viscera packed separately. It is sold in most cases directly by
producers to supermarkets and, in some regions, to other independent food
shops. Mexican consumers' preference for freshness requires regular
deliveries of chicken to supermarkets and other food shops. According to
UNA, supermarket broiler chicken accounts for approximately 9% by volume of
the chicken sold by producers in Mexico.
"Chicken Parts" refers to cut-up fresh chicken parts sold wrapped in trays
or in bulk principally to supermarket chains and to the fast-food industry
and other institutional food-service providers. Producers generally sell
directly to the supermarket chains and deliver the chicken directly to the
outlet. Sales to the institutional market often require customized cutting
and presentation. According to UNA, chicken parts account for approximately
4% by volume of the chicken sold by producers in Mexico.
In addition to the foregoing chicken products, Bachoco sells on a small
scale certain further-processed chicken products to supermarkets and other
retailers. The following table sets forth, for each of the periods presented,
the volume of each principal line of chicken products sold by Bachoco in tonnes
and as a percentage of the total volume of chicken sold.
<TABLE>
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Year Ended December 31,
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1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
% of % of % of % of % of
Volume Total Volume Total Volume Total Volume Total Volume Total
------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ------ ----- ------ -----
(thousands of tonnes, except percentages)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Public Market and
Rotisserie......... 135.6 60.5% 161.9 60.5% 184.9 66.0% 210.8 65.5% 229.7 64.8%
Supermarket Broiler,
Chicken Parts and
Other(1)........... 53.4 23.9 62.1 23.2 71.8 25.6 87.2 27.1 99.9 28.2
Live.................. 35.2 15.7 43.6 16.3 23.8 8.5 24.0 7.4 24.7 7.0
Total................. 224.1 100.0% 267.6 100.0% 280.5 100.0% 321.9 100.0% 354.2 100.0%
===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
(1) "Other" comprises sales of further-processed poultry products, viscera and
other products.
Bachoco's product mix varies from region to region, reflecting different
consumption and distribution patterns. The Company believes that fresh chicken
will continue to be the dominant form of chicken demanded by the market in
Mexico although consumer demand for value-added, fresh chicken products, such as
rotisserie chicken, supermarket broilers and chicken parts will increase over
time. Accordingly, the Company's business strategy continues to focus
principally on the production of fresh chicken and value-added fresh chicken
products.
Chicken Marketing, Sales and Distribution
Bachoco has developed an extensive distribution system that it believes is
the largest and most modern of any chicken or egg producer in Mexico. Bachoco
uses various channels of distribution in every major product category to service
different market segments. For example, in the Mexico City area, most public
market chicken is transported by Bachoco directly to wholesalers which then
transport the chicken to retail sellers. The majority of rotisserie, supermarket
broilers and other chicken products are transported to customers by Bachoco's
own fleet. Bachoco does not compete with wholesale distributors, but tries to
cooperate with existing distribution channels and to supply its own distribution
capacity where needed for market penetration.
Bachoco distributes products from its four processing plants (located in
Celaya, Culiacan, Puebla and Lagos de Moreno) to its cold-storage facilities and
warehouses, which serve as a mid-point in distribution to wholesalers and local
customers. From its cold-storage facilities, Bachoco services wholesalers, who
in turn deliver to their customers, and transports certain products directly to
supermarkets and food-service operations. Bachoco's distribution infrastructure
includes 38 cold-storage warehouses and facilities and a large fleet of
vehicles. The decentralization of the sales force permits Bachoco to remain
close to developments in the regions it serves and to develop close
relationships with its customers.
Set forth below is a description of Bachoco's marketing, sales and
distribution strategies for each of its major chicken products.
Live chicken
Bachoco sells live chicken primarily to wholesalers, which have the chicken
processed by independent slaughterhouses and resell it as public market chicken.
To a lesser extent, Bachoco sells to small independent slaughterhouses in the
Southeast, where live chicken is still the standard. Additionally, customers can
pick up live chicken at Bachoco's farms. Bachoco believes that there is a market
trend away from live chicken and has concentrated primarily on production of
public market chicken instead of live chicken.
Rotisserie chicken
Rotisserie chicken has been Bachoco's fastest growing product since 1988
when it was first produced by the Company. Bachoco sells its rotisserie chicken
directly to rosticerias, asaderos and supermarkets.
The growth in Bachoco's sales of rotisserie chicken has been attributable
in part to the rapid growth of the market for freshly cooked chicken sold by
rosticerias and asaderos and in the rotisserie sections of supermarkets. Bachoco
expects this market to continue to grow because it provides consumers with
convenient, low-priced and high-quality fast food. The Company believes that
success in supplying rotisserie chicken depends on consistency and good service
and that only the larger producers such as Bachoco, with more modern processing
facilities and distribution capacity, can compete in this market. Bachoco has
increased its market share by consistently providing high-quality products and
by using its own trucking fleet to deliver directly to retailers on a punctual,
dependable basis. The Company expects to expand its sales of rotisserie chicken
using its increasingly developed transportation and distribution network.
Public market chicken
Bachoco believes that it is the largest producer of public market chicken
in Mexico. Approximately 200 wholesalers of whole fresh chicken operate in the
Mexico City region, and Bachoco regularly sells to more than 50 of them. Most of
Bachoco's wholesale customers rely principally on Bachoco for public market
chicken, although Bachoco has no exclusive supply arrangements. Bachoco's
principal focus in this market has been to provide superior distribution and
service to its selected wholesalers in order to maintain and further develop
loyalty. Public market chicken is ordinarily sold to consumers without any
packaging or other identification of the producer, but Bachoco's distribution
system encourages wholesalers to sell to retailers from Bachoco's trailers,
reinforcing Bachoco's reputation for freshness and efficiency of service and
fostering brand loyalty among retailers. Bachoco believes it has developed
excellent relations with the wholesalers it serves.
Supermarket broiler chicken
Bachoco sells supermarket broilers, as well as chicken parts and eggs,
directly to the principal supermarkets, convenience store chains and wholesale
clubs in Mexico. In supermarket broiler chicken sales, Bachoco emphasizes its
brand image and loyalty among consumers as well as superior service, reinforced
by frequent delivery to ensure freshness. Each chain negotiates purchases
centrally, but Bachoco delivers directly, ordinarily at least once every 48
hours, to every point of sale. The Company leads the market in the frequency of
its deliveries to supermarkets. Approximately 37% of Bachoco's supermarket
chicken is sold in vacuum-packed packaging with Bachoco's brand name printed on
it.
Chicken parts
Bachoco sells chicken parts principally to supermarkets, using the same
marketing strategy as for supermarket chicken. Bachoco has also begun to develop
sales of chicken parts to the small but growing franchise fast-food and
institutional food-service industries. Bachoco is continuing to develop
custom-cutting processes to help meet demand from fast-food and institutional
customers for a wider variety of chicken parts.
Frozen and further-processed poultry
Frozen, heat-and-serve and other further-processed poultry products account
for an insignificant proportion of Mexican poultry consumption today, in part
because of Mexican consumer preferences and to a relative lack of refrigeration
capacity and microwave and regular ovens among Mexican consumers. When there is
potential for substantial growth, management believes that Bachoco's
distribution network, its large market share for supermarket chicken sales, its
brand name and its experience in a wide range of existing Mexican distribution
channels will be important competitive strengths. Bachoco is moving to produce
and introduce various further-processed poultry products in Mexico, which will
be developed according to Mexican customer preferences. The Company will
continue to do so as this market grows.
Egg Products
Annual per capita egg consumption in Mexico is relatively high compared to
other countries. Annual per capita consumption of eggs in 1998, according to the
USDA, was 300 in Mexico, compared with 247 eggs in the United States. According
to UNA, Mexican egg consumption increased by 15.4% from 1994 to 1998. This high
level of consumption is due in part to the fact that eggs are a relatively cheap
source of protein.
The Mexican egg industry is highly fragmented. According to UNA, the
largest egg producer in Mexico had a market share of 8.2% in 1998 while Bachoco
had a market share of 3.7% during the same period. Bachoco's strategy centers on
increasing sales of cartons to increase brand recognition and differentiation of
its eggs for their quality and freshness.
Eggs were traditionally distributed in cases of 360 eggs through
wholesalers to retailers, typically small grocery shops, which sold the eggs by
weight to consumers. Presently, approximately 15% of the eggs sold in Mexico are
sold in packaged form, 5% are sold processed and approximately 80% are sold in
bulk to wholesalers. The branded carton of brown eggs is a premium product in
the Mexican market, and the Company believes that brown eggs are less vulnerable
to price fluctuations than white or unbranded eggs. The trend in recent years
has been towards packaged egg sales. Management expects that convenience, the
development of brand loyalty and the growth of supermarket chains will
contribute to continuing this trend.
Bachoco principally sells brown eggs, which presently account for less than
10% of Mexican egg consumption. Management believes that brown eggs are
perceived in the market to be of higher quality and consequently command a small
premium over white eggs. Bachoco is by far the leading producer of brown eggs in
Mexico, and estimates that it has approximately 40% of the Mexican brown egg
market and 90% of the Mexican branded brown egg market. In some regions,
however, Bachoco has switched part of its production to white eggs because of
local market conditions. The distribution system for eggs is designed to
transport eggs from Bachoco's laying farms at Celaya, Los Mochis, Ciudad Obregon
and Mexicali to customers in all sales regions. Bachoco sells packaged eggs
directly to all of the principal supermarket chains in Mexico, with daily
deliveries directly to the outlets.
Swine and Other
Bachoco purchases breeder swine live from the United States and breeds them
at facilities in Navojoa. It then raises swine to maturity at farms in Celaya
and three other locations. The mature swine are sold on the hoof to Mexican
swine meat packers for the production of pork products. The price of swine
declined in 1998, due to domestic overproduction and increased imports coming
from the United States. Traditionally, Mexicans have consumed less swine and
swine products than chicken and other types of meat. The Company does not
currently intend to make material investments in this line of business.
Raw Materials
Bachoco purchases its breeding stock for broilers and layers from
high-quality suppliers. Bachoco currently purchases all of its breeder swine
from one supplier, but it has changed suppliers from time to time and has
numerous alternative sources of supply.
The largest single component of Bachoco's cost of sales is the cost of
ingredients used in the preparation of feed, including principally, sorghum,
soymeal, corn, fishmeal, meatmeal and, for certain chicken products, marigold
extract. The price of these ingredients is subject to significant volatility
resulting from weather, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs,
governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates and other factors.
In order to reduce the potential adverse effect of grain price fluctuations,
Bachoco varies the composition of its feed to take advantage of current market
prices for the various types of ingredients used.
Beginning in 1992, various procedural restrictions on importing grains were
lifted, and current Mexican agricultural policy is to eliminate price supports
in favor of direct subsidies for domestic farmers. Under the North American Free
Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"), the tariff on sorghum was eliminated effective
January 1, 1994 and tariffs on other grains (other than corn) which Bachoco uses
will gradually be eliminated from 1994 to 2003. Corn tariffs will be eliminated
by 2008. Management expects these developments to have a positive effect on
Bachoco's cost of production.
At present, Bachoco has taken advantage of the lower cost of feed
ingredients available from Mexican sources and has increased the portion of its
total needs that it sources locally from approximately 40% in 1995 to
approximately 85% in 1998. Management believes that local feed ingredients,
particularly sorghum, is of superior quality compared to imported feed
ingredients. In addition, the use of local feed ingredients allows the Company
to save on transportation costs and import duties.
With the exception of certain short-term futures contracts, the Company
currently does not engage in hedging against grain price fluctuations. The
Company may engage in hedging of its feed costs from time to time in the future.
Competition
Bachoco is Mexico's largest chicken producer, but it faces significant
competition from other producers in all of the markets in which it sells its
products. There are four other major vertically integrated poultry producers,
which together with Bachoco account for approximately 54.0% of total Mexican
poultry production, with the balance distributed among hundreds of small and
medium-sized integrated and non-integrated producers. The major producers,
including Bachoco, have substantial cost advantages arising from economies of
scale and control of the preparation of feed, over smaller, non-integrated
producers. Mexico's four other major chicken producers are Pilgrim's Pride de
Mexico, S.A. de C.V. ("Pilgrim's Mexico"), a subsidiary of the U.S. chicken
producer Pilgrim's Pride Corporation; Univasa, a subsidiary of the Mexican
conglomerate DESC, S.A. de C.V.; Trasgo, S.A. de C.V. ("Trasgo"), which since
April 1994 has been controlled by the U.S. chicken producer Tyson Foods, Inc.;
and Productos Agropecuarios de Tehuacan, S.A. de C.V. ("PATSA"). To varying
degrees, each of these four companies has substantial financial resources and
strengths in particular product lines and regions, but none is strong in as
broad a range of chicken products and geographic markets as Bachoco. Bachoco
believes that it has substantial competitive strengths but expects that it will
continue to face strong competition in every market and that existing or new
competitors are likely to broaden their product lines and to extend their
geographic coverage.
There are considerable barriers to entry into large-scale chicken
production and distribution in Mexico, including, for example, the consumer
preference for fresh chicken, the weaknesses of transportation infrastructure,
and varying regional preferences among the various product categories. The
channels for distribution of chicken products, in particular, are highly
specialized and varied, and they call for in-depth experience in market
practices.
Poultry producers in the United States have developed low-cost production
techniques and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and
further-processed poultry to other countries, especially in periods of
overcapacity in the United States. As tariff barriers decline under NAFTA, U.S.
poultry producers can be expected to increase their exports to Mexico. However,
management does not believe that Mexican consumer acceptance of frozen or
further-processed poultry products will grow significantly in the near future or
that fresh chicken can be distributed throughout Mexico from processing
facilities in the United States in a cost-effective fashion. The Company
believes that U.S. poultry producers will continue to compete in the near future
principally through investment in additional production and processing capacity
in Mexico.
Bachoco is the third largest producer of eggs in Mexico, with approximately
3.7% of total Mexican egg production in 1998. According to UNA, the largest
producer accounted for approximately 8.2% of total Mexican egg production, and
the top six producers together accounted for approximately 30% of total Mexican
egg production, with the balance distributed among thousands of smaller
producers. The Mexican swine industry is highly fragmented, and no producer has
more than 2.5% of the market. At December 31, 1998 Bachoco had less than 1% of
the Mexican market share in swine. Tariff barriers are moderate and accordingly
U.S. producers already compete in Mexico.
Mexican Regulation
Mexican Import Regulation and Price Controls
NAFTA became effective on January 1, 1994. Prior to NAFTA, the Mexican
poultry and egg markets were protected from foreign imports by a licensing and
quota system. Under NAFTA, Mexico has implemented a transitional tariff rate
quota system for imports for poultry and eggs from the United States that is
scheduled to result in the gradual elimination of tariffs by 2003. Bachoco
expects the implementation of NAFTA to stabilize the level of imports and to
permit improved control of imports, which may result in increased competition by
importers.
Duty-free access to the Mexican market is now permitted for a specified
amount of fresh or frozen poultry, with separate sub-limits for whole turkeys,
other whole poultry, turkey parts, other poultry parts, and deboned chicken. The
aggregate annual quota for 1998 was 106.9 thousand tonnes, with sub-quotas of
14.6 thousand tonnes and 28.1 thousand tonnes applicable to whole chicken and
poultry parts, respectively. The quotas will increase by 3% per year until the
expiration of tariffs in 2003. Imports above the quotas are permitted, but they
are subject to a tariff of 208.0% ad valorem, which will decline to 197.6% by
1999 and be phased out by 2003. The aggregate amount of the 1998 quota was
roughly equivalent to 6.3% of total Mexican poultry consumption, while the
sub-quota applicable to whole chicken was roughly equivalent to approximately
1.0% of the Mexican whole chicken market. Imports of further-processed chicken
were subject to a tariff of 208.0% ad valorem but were not subject to a quota.
Duty-free access is now also permitted for 7,315.9 tonnes of eggs per year,
and the quota will increase by 3% each year until 2003. The initial amount was
equivalent to less than 1% of Mexican egg consumption. Imports of fresh eggs
above the quota were subject to a tariff of 40% ad valorem in 1998, which will
decline to 38% in 1999 and be phased out by 2003.
Swine imports are subject to a tariff of 20% ad valorem and no numerical
quota. The implementation of NAFTA does not affect swine.
In addition to NAFTA, Mexico has entered into free trade agreements with
several other countries. Although such agreements may result in lower tariffs on
the Company's products, management believes that imports from such countries
will not increase substantially in the future, due to transportation and
distribution costs.
Antitrust Regulations
The Mexican Economic Competition Law (Ley Federal de Competencia
Economica), which took effect on June 22, 1993, regulates monopolies and
monopolistic practices. Under this law, all companies (including Bachoco) are
required to notify the Federal Competition Commission (Comision Federal de
Competencia) of all proposed transactions exceeding specified threshold amounts
as set forth in the Economic Competition Law. The Federal Competition Commission
can impose conditions on, and prevent or unwind any such transactions, by
Mexican companies.
Environmental and Sanitary Regulation
Bachoco's operations are subject to Mexican federal and state laws and
regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The principal laws
are the federal General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection
(Ley General de Equilibrio Ecologico y Proteccion Ambiental) (the "Ecological
Law"), which is administered by the Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources
and Fish (Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca, or
"Semarnap") and the Law of National Waters (Ley de Aguas Nacionales) which is
administered by the National Water Commission (Comision Nacional del Agua).
Under the Ecological Law, rules have been promulgated concerning water
pollution, air pollution, noise control and hazardous substances. Semarnap can
bring administrative and criminal proceedings against companies that violate
environmental laws, and it also has the power to close non-complying facilities.
Every company in Mexico is required to provide Semarnap with periodic reports
regarding compliance with the Ecological Law and the regulations thereunder.
The level of environmental regulation in Mexico has increased in recent
years, and the enforcement of the law is improving. Bachoco expects this trend
to continue and to be stimulated by international agreements between Mexico and
the United States. In particular, the Mexican environmental laws set forth
standards for water discharge that are applicable to poultry processing
operations. Bachoco's largest processing plants, at Celaya and Culiacan, have
water treatment plants that permit them to comply with the standards. Bachoco is
currently completing construction of water treatment plants at Puebla and Lagos
de Moreno processing plants, in order to ensure compliance with applicable
standards. Bachoco is implementing other investment projects, in anticipation of
stricter environmental requirements in the future. The Company does not expect
that compliance with the Mexican environmental laws or Mexican state
environmental laws will have a material effect on Bachoco's financial condition
or performance.
The production, distribution and sale of chicken, eggs and swine are
subject to Mexican federal and state sanitary regulations. The principal
legislation is the federal General Health Law (Ley General de Salud) and the
Federal Animal Health Law (Ley Federal de Sanidad Animal). The Federal Animal
Health Law was enacted in 1993, and Bachoco is working closely with the Mexican
Government to develop regulatory standards and inspection methods for chicken
processing. Currently the Mexican authorities do not monitor production or
inspect products to the same degree as sanitary authorities in other countries,
including the USDA in the United States. Management believes that Bachoco is in
compliance with all applicable sanitary regulations.
Employees
As of December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively, Bachoco had
approximately 9,042, 10,090 and 10,806 employees. Approximately 61.1% of
employees in 1998 were members of labor unions.
Labor relations between Bachoco and its employees are governed by 22
separate collective labor agreements, each relating to a different group of
employees and negotiated on behalf of each such group by a different labor
union. As is typical in Mexico, wages are renegotiated every year while other
terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated every two years. Bachoco
seeks to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of its
plants and facilities and it offers attractive salary and benefit packages,
including a pension and savings plan, to its employees.
Management believes that Bachoco has good relations with its employees.
Bachoco has not experienced significant work stoppages as a result of labor
problems.
ITEM 2. Description of Property
Bachoco's production and storage facilities are located throughout the
regions it serves in order to ensure freshness and minimize transportation time
and costs. The most extensive facilities are grouped in complexes that include
farms and processing plants. The largest of the Company's complexes is at
Celaya, where Bachoco has broiler grow-out farms, a broiler processing plant and
egg production farms representing more than half of its egg production capacity.
The complex at Culiacan includes broiler grow-out farms and a broiler processing
plant, as do the complexes located in Puebla and Lagos de Moreno. There are
smaller egg production farms at Los Mochis, Ciudad Obregon and Mexicali.
The following table summarizes Bachoco's production facilities.
Bachoco Production Facilities
Number
------
Type
----
Chicken breeding farms ......................................... 87
Broiler grow-out farms ......................................... 299
Broiler processing plants ...................................... 4
Egg incubation plants .......................................... 15
Egg production farms ........................................... 51
Swine breeding farms ........................................... 1
Swine grow-out farms ........................................... 10
Feed plants .................................................... 8
Bachoco currently operates eight feed plants at which it manufactures feed
for its chicken, egg and swine operations. Total production capacity of the feed
plants is approximately 118,000 tonnes per month. Bachoco believes that it is
the largest producer of animal feed in Mexico.
In addition to its production facilities, Bachoco's other facilities
include a poultry manure processing plant, two experimental farms at which
Bachoco conducts research and development activities, and facilities for the
production of animal vaccines and medicines, some of which are sold to third
parties. It also has a headquarters building at Celaya and 38 sales centers
throughout the regions it serves. While Bachoco owns most of its facilities, the
Company leases certain farms and sales centers, as well as the feed plant at the
Puebla complex, and the Company employs a network of contract growers. Bachoco
has built a new feed plant at the Puebla complex which is expected to begin
operations at the end of the second quarter of 1999 and which will replace the
leased feed plant.
Bachoco's own fleet of trucks carries feed from feed mills to farms, live
chicken from farms to processing plants, day-old chickens from egg incubation
plants to farms, chicken products and eggs from farms to distribution centers
and, eventually, products from distribution centers to customers.
ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings.
Bachoco is a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of
its business. The Company's management believes that none of these proceedings,
individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on
the Company.
ITEM 4. Control of Registrant.
The Company's Common Stock consists of 450,000,000 Series B Shares and
150,000,000 Series L Shares. Holders of Series B Shares are entitled to one vote
at any general meeting of the stockholders of the Company for each Series B
Share held. Holders of Series L Shares are entitled to one vote for each Series
L Share held, but only with respect to certain limited matters. Each Unit
consists of one Series B Share and one Series L Share. Each B Unit consists of
two Series B Shares. In April 1995, the Robinson Bours Stockholders created the
Control Trust to hold certain Units owned by members of the Robinson Bours
family. The Robinson Bours Stockholders, through the Control Trust and a
separate trust established in connection with the Company's 1997 initial public
offering (the "Family Trust"), owned Units and B Units representing
approximately 65.5% of the Series L Shares and 88.5% of the Series B Shares
outstanding at December 31, 1998. In total, the Control Trust and the Family
Trust owned 496,500,000 Shares outstanding at December 31, 1998.
The table below sets forth certain information regarding the direct or
indirect ownership of outstanding Shares by the Control Trust and the Family
Trust as of December 31, 1998.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Title of Class Identity of Group Amount Owned Percent of Class
-------------- ----------------- ------------ ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Series B(1) Control Trust and Family Trust 398,250,000 88.50%
Series L(2) Control Trust and Family Trust 98,250,000 65.50
All Classes(3) Control Trust and Family Trust 496,500,000 82.75
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
(1) Percentage is based on 450,000,000 Series B Shares, including 300,000,000
shares not registered under Section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Act
of 1934.
(2) Percentage is based on 150,000,000 Series L Shares.
(3) Percentage is based on 600,000,000 Shares.
Except as set forth in the table above, the Company is not aware of any
person that owns 10% or more of its Common Stock.
In November 1998, the Company, in accordance with rules established by the
Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores, the Mexican banking and securities
commission (the "CNBV"), established a reserve in the amount of Ps.180.0 million
(Ps.184.4 million in constant pesos as of December 31, 1998 purchasing power)
for the repurchase of shares. The Company may repurchase its shares in the
Mexican Stock Exchange at prevailing prices to the extent of the balance
remaining in the reserve account or up to 3% of the total shares outstanding.
Any shares so repurchased will not be deemed to be outstanding for purposes of
calculating a quorum or for voting at any shareholders' meeting during the time
that the shares are owned by the Company. No shares were repurchased during
1998. As of May 15, 1999, the Company had repurchased 1,175,000 Units,
representing 0.39% of the total shares outstanding.
ITEM 5. Nature of Trading Market.
The Units (each comprised of one Series B Share and one Series L Share),
are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange, and the American Depositary Shares
("ADSs", each comprised of six Units), are listed on the New York Stock
Exchange. The ADSs are evidenced by American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs") issued
by The Bank of New York, as Depositary under a Deposit Agreement among the
Company, the Depositary and the holders from time to time of ADRs. On December
31, 1998, there were 3,279,696 ADSs outstanding, representing 4.4% of the
outstanding Series B Shares and 13.1% of the outstanding Series L Shares, which
were held by five holders (including the Depositary Trust Company) with
registered addresses in the United States.
The Units and the ADSs commenced trading on September 19, 1997. The
following tables set forth for each quarter of 1997 and 1998 the high, low, and
period end sales prices of the Units on the Mexican Stock Exchange as reported
by the Mexican Stock Exchange, and the high, low and period end sales price of
the ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange as reported by the New York Stock
Exchange.
Mexican Stock Exchange
(pesos per Unit)
Period High Low Close
------ ---- --- -----
Third Quarter 1997 24.40 23.50 24.00
(from September 19)
Fourth Quarter 1997 26.50 22.00 26.50
Period High Low Close
------ ---- --- -----
First Quarter 1998 26.50 22.40 24.30
Second Quarter 1998 23.90 14.50 18.30
Third Quarter 1998 18.50 11.80 16.00
Fourth Quarter 1998 18.00 11.80 17.00
New York Stock Exchange
(in U.S.$ per ADS)
Period High Low Close
------ ---- --- -----
Third Quarter 1997 18.69 17.69 18.31
(from September 19)
Fourth Quarter 1997 20.25 16.00 19.50
Period High Low Close
------ ---- --- -----
First Quarter 1998 19.50 15.56 16.75
Second Quarter 1998 16.69 9.38 12.13
Third Quarter 1998 12.13 6.81 8.88
Fourth Quarter 1998 10.25 7.81 10.25
Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange
The Mexican Stock Exchange, located in Mexico City, is the only stock
exchange in Mexico. Founded in 1894, the Mexican Stock Exchange is organized as
a corporation whose shares are held by brokerage houses, which are currently the
only entities allowed to own them. These brokerage houses are currently the only
entities authorized to trade on the floor of the Mexican Stock Exchange. Trading
on the Mexican Stock Exchange takes place principally through an automated
inter-dealer quotation system known as SENTRA, which is open between the hours
of 8:30 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., Mexico City time, each business day. Each trading
day is divided into six trading sessions with ten-minute periods separating each
session. Trades in securities listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange can, subject
to certain requirements, also be effected off the Exchange. Due primarily to
Mexican tax considerations, however, most transactions in listed securities are
effected through the Exchange. The Mexican Stock Exchange operates a system of
automatic suspension of trading in shares of a particular issuer as a means of
controlling excessive price volatility, but under current regulations this
system does not apply to securities such as the Units that are directly or
indirectly (for example, through ADSs) quoted on a stock exchange outside
Mexico.
Settlement is effected two business days after a share transaction on the
Mexican Stock Exchange. Deferred settlement, even by mutual agreement, is not
permitted without the approval of the CNBV. Most securities traded on the
Mexican Stock Exchange are on deposit with S.D. Indeval, S.A. de C.V.,
Institucion para el Deposito de Valores ("Indeval"), a privately-owned central
securities depositary that acts as a clearing house, depositary, custodian and
registrar for Mexican Stock Exchange transactions, eliminating the need for
physical transfer of securities.
The Mexican Stock Exchange is one of Latin America's largest exchanges in
terms of market capitalization, but it remains relatively small and illiquid
compared to major world markets and is therefore subject to greater volatility.
There is no formal over-the-counter market for securities in Mexico.
The market value of securities of Mexican companies is, to varying degrees,
affected by economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries.
In late October 1998, prices of both Mexican debt securities and Mexican equity
securities dropped substantially following declines earlier in the year in the
Asian, Russian and Brazilian securities markets.
Market Regulation
The predecessor of the CNBV was established in 1946 to regulate stock
market activity. The Ley del Mercado de Valores (the "Securities Market Law") of
1975, as amended, regulates the securities markets and brokerage houses and sets
standards for the registration of brokers in the Intermediaries Section of the
RNVI, a prerequisite to becoming a member of the Mexican Stock Exchange. Prior
to registration in the RNVI, brokerage houses must be authorized by the
Secretaria de Hacienda y Credito Publico (the "Ministry of Finance") upon the
recommendation of the CNBV. Legislative provisions under NAFTA allow foreign
securities firms in a NAFTA country to establish and control brokerage firms in
Mexico. There are several foreign brokerage houses authorized to operate in
Mexico. A number of other foreign brokerage firms have submitted preliminary
applications to be authorized to operate in the Mexican Stock Exchange. The
Securities Market Law also empowers the CNBV to regulate the public offering and
trading of securities. The governing committee of the CNBV is composed of
representatives of the Ministry of Finance, the Mexican Central Bank, the
Comision Nacional de Seguros y Fianzas (National Insurance and Bonding
Commission), the Comision Nacional del Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro
(Commission for the Retirement Savings Fund) and the CNBV.
Under the Mexican Securities Market Law, the CNBV must be notified before
stockholders of a company listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange effect one or
more simultaneous or successive transactions resulting in the transfer of 10% or
more of such company's capital stock. The holders of the shares being
transferred in the transactions are also obligated to inform the CNBV of the
results of the transactions within three days of completion of the last
transaction, or that the transactions have not been completed. The CNBV will
notify the Mexican Stock Exchange of such transactions, without specifying the
names of the parties involved.
ITEM 6. Exchange Control and Other Limitations Affecting Security-Holders.
Ownership by foreigners of Mexican companies is regulated by the Ley de
Inversion Extranjera (the "Foreign Investment Law") and by the Reglamento de la
Ley para Promover la Inversion Mexicana y Regular la Inversion Extranjera (the
"Foreign Investment Regulations"). The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial
Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the
administration of the Foreign Investment Law.
The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively
for the Mexican state and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican
individuals or Mexican corporations and limits the participation of foreign
investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities
specified therein. Foreign investors may own 100% of the capital stock of
Mexican companies or entities; except for the companies (i) engaged in reserved
activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be
established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission (which has been set at
Ps.394 million), in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment
Commission shall be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49% of
the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold
and to exercise the rights of a holder of the Units, the Series B Shares and the
Series L Shares. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised the Company that
they intend to maintain a control position directly in the form of B Units.
Pursuant to the Company's estatutos sociales, foreigners may only own Series B
Shares up to 49% of such Series.
Under Article 201 of the Mexican General Corporate Law, holders of at least
33% of the Company's outstanding Shares may have any resolution adopted by a
shareholders' meeting suspended by filing a complaint with a court of law within
15 days after the close of the meeting at which such action was taken by stating
that the challenged action violates Mexican law or the Company's corporate
charter. To be entitled to relief, the holder must not have attended the meeting
or, if such holder attended, must have voted against the challenged action. Such
relief will not be available to holders of ADSs.
ITEM 7. Taxation.
The following is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal tax
consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Units or ADSs to a
holder that is a citizen or resident of the United States or a U.S. domestic
corporation or a person that is otherwise subject to U.S. federal income tax on
a net income basis in respect of the Units or ADSs (a "U.S. Holder"). This
discussion also summarizes the principal Mexican federal tax consequences of the
acquisition, ownership and disposition of units or ADSs by a holder that is not
a Mexican Resident (as defined below). This discussion does not purport to be a
comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant
to a decision to purchase Units or ADSs. In particular, the summary deals only
with U.S. Holders that will hold Units or ADSs as capital assets and does not
address the tax treatment of U.S. Holders that own (or are deemed to own) 10% or
more of the voting shares of the Company or that may be subject to special tax
rules, such as banks, insurance companies, dealers in securities or currencies,
persons that will hold Units or ADSs as a position in a "straddle" for tax
purposes, and persons that have a "functional currency" other than the U.S.
dollar.
The summary is based upon tax laws of the United States and Mexico as in
effect on the date hereof, which are subject to change, including changes that
may have retroactive effect. Prospective purchasers of Units or ADSs should
consult their own tax advisors as to the U.S., Mexican or other tax consequences
of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Units or ADSs, including, in
particular, the effect of any foreign, state or local tax laws.
A Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of
Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, and a Protocol thereto, between
the United States and Mexico (the "Tax Treaty") took effect on January 1, 1994.
The United States and Mexico have also entered into an agreement concerning the
exchange of information with respect to tax matters.
In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of ADRs
evidencing ADSs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the Units
represented by those ADSs.
Taxation of Dividends
U.S. Tax Considerations. Cash dividends paid with respect to Units or the
Units represented by ADSs to the extent paid out of the Company's earnings and
profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) will be
includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary income on the day on
which the dividends are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Units, or
the Depositary, in the case of Units represented by ADSs, and will not be
eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). Dividends paid in pesos
will be includible in the income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount
calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day they are
received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Units, or the Depositary, in the
case of Units represented by ADSs. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax
advisors regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on
any pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars on a date subsequent to
receipt. Dividends generally will constitute foreign source "passive income" or,
in the case of certain U.S. Holders, "financial services income" for U.S.
foreign tax credit purposes.
Distributions to U.S. Holders of additional Units or preemptive rights
relating to Units with respect to their Units or ADSs that are made as part of a
pro rata distribution to all stockholders of the Company generally will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax.
A holder of Units or ADSs that is, with respect to the United States, a
foreign corporation or nonresident alien individual (a "Non-U.S. Holder")
generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on
dividends received on such Units or such ADSs, unless such income is effectively
connected with the conduct by such holder of a trade or business in the United
States.
Mexican Tax Considerations. Dividends, either in cash or in any other form,
paid with respect to the Shares constituting the Units, or the ADSs are, since
1999, subject to a Mexican withholding tax of 7.6945% for U.S. holders.
Taxation of Capital Gains
U.S. Tax Considerations. Gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale
or other disposition of Units or ADSs will be subject to U.S. federal income
taxation as capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between
such U.S. Holder's basis in the Units or ADSs and the amount realized on the
disposition. Gain or loss realized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other
disposition of Units or ADSs will generally be long-term gain or loss if, at the
time of disposition, the U.S. Holder has held the Units or ADSs for more than
one year.
Long-term capital gain realized by a U.S. holder that is an individual
generally is subject to a maximum rate of 28 percent in respect of property held
for more than one year and to a maximum rate of 20 percent in respect of
property held in excess of 18 months.
Gain realized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of Units or
ADSs generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit
purposes. Deposits and withdrawals of Units by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADSs
will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
A Non-U.S. Holder of Units or ADSs will not be subject to U.S. federal
income or withholding tax on gain realized on the sale of Units or ADSs, unless
(i) such gain is effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Holder
of a trade or business in the United States or (ii) in the case of gain realized
by an individual Non-U.S. Holder, such holder is present in the United States
for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other
conditions are met.
Mexican Tax Considerations. Gains on the sale or other disposition of ADSs
by holders who are not Mexican Residents (as defined below) will not be subject
to Mexican income tax. Deposits of Units in exchange for ADSs and withdrawals of
Units in exchange for ADSs will not give rise to Mexican income tax.
Gains on the sale or other disposition of Units by holders who are not
Mexican Residents (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican income tax
if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or other
securities market approved for this purpose by the Mexican Ministry of Finance
and Public Credit pursuant to general rules issued thereby and if the Units are
maintained on the list of publicly traded securities published by such Ministry
from time to time. Gains on the sale or other disposition of Units made in other
circumstances may be subject to Mexican tax, regardless of the nationality or
residence of the transferor.
Under the Tax Treaty, gains on the sale or other disposition of Units or
ADSs by a U.S. resident (if eligible for benefits under the Tax Treaty) who is a
holder of less than 25% of the capital stock of the Company during the 12-month
period preceding such sale or disposition will not be subject to Mexican tax,
unless (i) 50% or more of the fair market value of the Company's assets consist
of "immovable property" (as defined in the Tax Treaty) situated in Mexico, or
(ii) such gains are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base of
such U.S. resident in Mexico.
For purposes of Mexican taxation, an individual is a resident of Mexico (a
"Mexican Resident") if he or she has established his or her home in Mexico,
unless he or she has resided in another country for more than 183 days, whether
consecutive or not, during a calendar year and can demonstrate that he or she
has become a resident of that country for tax purposes, and a legal entity is a
resident of Mexico if it has been incorporated under Mexican law. A Company is
consider also a Mexican resident if locates his headquarters in Mexico. A
Mexican citizen is presumed to be a resident of Mexico for tax purposes unless
such person can demonstrate otherwise. If a person is deemed to have a permanent
establishment or fixed base in Mexico for tax purposes, such permanent
establishment or fixed base shall be required to pay taxes in Mexico on income
attributable to such permanent establishment or fixed base, in accordance with
applicable tax laws.
U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
A U.S. Holder of Units or ADSs may, under certain circumstances, be subject
to "backup withholding" at the rate of 31% with respect to certain payments to
such U.S. Holder, such as dividends paid by the Company or the proceeds of a
sale of Units or ADSs, unless such holder (i) is a corporation or comes within
certain other exempt categories, and demonstrates this fact when so required, or
(ii) provides a correct taxpayer identification number, certifies that it is not
subject to backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable
requirements of the backup withholding rules. Any amount withheld under these
rules will be creditable against the U.S. Holder's U.S. federal income tax
liability. While Non-U.S. Holders generally are exempt from backup withholding,
a Non-U.S. Holder may, in certain circumstances, be required to comply with
certain information and identification procedures in order to prove this
exemption.
The U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules are under
review by the U.S. Treasury and their application to the Units or ADSs could be
changed by future regulations.
Other Mexican Taxes
There are no Mexican inheritance, succession or similar taxes applicable to
the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADSs or Units by holders that are not
Mexican Residents; provided, however, that gratuitous transfers of Units may in
certain circumstances cause a Mexican federal tax to be imposed on the
recipient. There are no Mexican stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or
duties payable by holders of ADSs or Units. Brokerage fees on securities
transactions carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange are subject to a 15%
valued added tax.
ITEM 8. Selected Financial Data.
The information set forth below has been derived from Bachoco's
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18. This information should
be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to,
the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with
Mexican GAAP, which differs in significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 13 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements provides a description of the principal
differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to the Company,
and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of stockholders' equity and net income as of
December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 and for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997
and 1998.
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared giving effect to
the Fifth Amendment to Bulletin B-10 and Bulletin B-12 issued by the Mexican
Institute of Public Accountants, each of which became effective in 1997.
Generally, Bulletin B-10 is designed to provide for the recognition of certain
effects of inflation by requiring the Company to restate nonmonetary assets at
current replacement cost, to restate nonmonetary liabilities using the Mexican
NCPI, to restate the components of stockholders' equity using the NCPI and to
record gains or losses in purchasing power from holding monetary liabilities or
assets. The Third Amendment to Bulletin B-10 requires restatement of all
financial statements to constant pesos as of the date of the most recent balance
sheet presented. All data in the financial statements included herein and the
selected financial information derived therefrom set forth below have been
restated in constant pesos as of December 31, 1998, except as otherwise
indicated. Bulletin B-12 requires that the statement of changes in financial
position reconcile changes from the restated historical balance sheet to the
current balance sheet. The effects of price-level restatement under Mexican GAAP
have not been reversed in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. See Note 13 to the
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Through December 31, 1996, nonmonetary assets were generally restated to
current replacement cost on the basis of independent appraisals. Effective
January 1, 1997, the Fifth Amendment to Bulletin B-10 modified the method or
restatement of nonmonetary assets for the effects of inflation. Under the Fifth
Amendment, the Company restates (a) inventory and cost of sales using
replacement cost and (b) property, plant and equipment applying a factor derived
from the NCPI. The Company has not used the Fifth Amendment methodology to
restate the values of nonmonetary assets for any period prior to January 1,
1997.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
As of and for the year ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1998(2)
---- ---- ---- ---- ---- -------
(millions of constant pesos as of December 31, 1998)(1) (millions of
U.S.
Income Statement Data dollars)(1)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Mexican GAAP:
Net sales...................... Ps 3,782.9 Ps 4,102.7 Ps 4,944.2 Ps 5,224.8 Ps 5,322.6 US$ 538.9
Cost of sales.................. 2,823.8 3,420.8 3,888.5 3,716.0 3,836.1 388.4
------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------
Gross profit................... 959.1 681.9 1,055.7 1,508.8 1,486.6 150.5
Operating income............... 459.4 215.9 607.5 1,018.7 955.7 96.8
Comprehensive financing (cost)
income....................... (57.7) (74.9) 55.8 67.2 7.4 0.7
Net income..................... 391.2 137.9 667.2 1,071.0 917.4 92.9
Net income per Unit(3)......... 1.24 0.48 2.35 3.71 3.06 0.31
Net income per ADS(4).......... 7.45 2.91 14.07 22.25 18.35 1.86
Dividends per Unit(3).......... 0.19 -- -- 0.36 0.65 0.07
Weighted average Units
outstanding (thousands)...... 315,236 284,475 284,475 288,749 300,000 300,000
U.S. GAAP:
Net income..................... Ps 305.67 Ps 268.6 Ps 638.3 Ps 935.7 Ps 834.8 US$ 84.5
Net income per Unit(3)......... 0.97 0.94 2.24 3.24 2.78 0.28
Net income per ADS(4).......... 5.82 5.67 13.46 19.44 16.70 1.69
Statement of Financial Position Data
Mexican GAAP:
Cash and cash equivalents...... Ps 388.5 Ps 230.4 Ps 233.6 Ps 1,074.3 Ps 715.9 US$ 72.5
Property, plant and equipment.. 3,425.1 3,294.8 3,149.6 3,289.3 3,993.6 404.4
Total assets................... 5,088.3 4,697.8 4,866.9 5,662.4 6,034.9 611.2
Short-term debt(5)............. 552.3 745.4 625.2 390.7 114.9 11.6
Long-term debt................. 360.8 163.3 224.6 153.8 275.0 27.8
Stockholders' equity........... 3,941.9 3,532.8 3,706.3 4,851.3 5,384.4 545.2
U.S. GAAP:
Total assets................... 5,121.3 4,683.3 4,853.2 5,648.5 6,012.6 608.8
Stockholders' equity........... 3,379.3 2,929.1 3,062.2 4,059.1 4,451.6 450.7
Selected Operating Data
Sales volume (thousands of
tonnes):
Chicken...................... 224.1 267.6 280.5 321.9 354.2 354.2
Eggs......................... 63.6 61.6 62.8 62.8 63.1 63.1
Swine........................ 10.3 10.7 10.9 11.2 11.2 11.2
Gross margin(%)................ 25.4% 16.6% 21.4% 28.9% 27.9% 27.9%
Operating margin(%)............ 12.1% 5.3% 12.3% 19.5% 18.0% 18.0%
Net margin(%).................. 10.3% 3.4% 13.5% 20.5% 17.2% 17.2%
Total employees................ 9,080 8,680 9,042 10,090 10,806 10,806
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
(1) Except per Unit and per ADS amounts and operating data.
(2) Peso amounts have been translated into U.S. dollars, solely for the
convenience of the reader, at the rate of Ps.9.876 per U.S. dollar.
(3) Net income and dividends per Unit has been computed based on the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding, giving retroactive effect to a
cancellation of shares in June 1994 to reduce the deficit from restatement
of stockholders' equity and increases in the number of shares outstanding
at December 1994 and April 1997 as a result of stock splits, multiplied by
two to reflect the ratio of two Shares per Unit.
(4) Net income per ADS has been computed by multiplying net income per Unit by
six, to reflect the ratio of six Units per ADS.
(5) Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt.
Exchange Rates
Since 1991, Mexico has had a free market for foreign exchange. Prior to
December 21, 1994, the Mexican Central Bank kept the peso-U.S. dollar exchange
rate within a range prescribed by the Mexican government through intervention in
the foreign exchange market. Within the band, the Mexican Central Bank generally
intervened to reduce day-to-day fluctuations in the exchange rate. In December
1994, the Mexican government suspended intervention by the Mexican Central Bank
and allowed the peso to float freely against the U.S. dollar. Factors
contributing to the decision included the size of Mexico's current account
deficit, the declining level of the Mexican Central Bank's foreign exchange
reserves, rising interest rates for other currencies, especially the U.S.
dollar, and reduced confidence in the Mexican economy on the part of
international investors. The peso declined sharply in December 1994 and
continued to fall under conditions of high volatility in 1995. In 1996, the peso
fell more slowly and was less volatile.
Relative stability characterized the foreign exchange markets during the
first three quarters of 1997. The fall of the Hang Seng Index of the Hong Kong
Stock Exchange on October 24, 1997 marked the beginning of a period of increased
volatility in the foreign exchange markets with the peso falling over 10% in
just a few days. During 1998, the foreign exchange markets experienced
volatility as a result of the financial crisis in Asia and Russia and the
financial turmoil in countries such as Brazil and Venezuela. There can be no
assurance that the Mexican government will maintain its current policies with
regard to the peso or that the peso will not be subject to significant
fluctuations in the future.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high, low,
average and period-end exchange rates for the purchase and sale of U.S. dollars
(presented in each case as the average between such purchase and sale rates),
expressed in nominal pesos per U.S. dollar.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Exchange Rate(1)
-------------------------------------------------
Year Ended December 31, High Low Average(2) Period-End
----------------------- ---- --- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1994...................................... 5.750 3.105 3.479 5.000
1995...................................... 8.050 5.270 6.526 7.740
1996...................................... 8.045 7.325 7.630 7.881
1997...................................... 8.410 7.717 7.967 8.070
1998...................................... 10.630 8.040 9.242 9.901
1999 (through May 28)..................... 10.600 9.243 9.713 9.793
</TABLE>
- -------------------------
(1) The exchange rates are the noon buying rates in New York City for
cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the "noon buying rate").
(2) Average of month-end rates for each period shown.
Except for the period during the Mexican liquidity crisis from September
through December 1982, the Mexican Central Bank consistently has made foreign
currency available to Mexican private sector entities (such as the Company) to
meet their foreign currency obligations. Nevertheless, in the event of renewed
shortages of foreign currency, there can be no assurance that the Mexican
Central Bank would continue to make foreign currency available to private sector
companies or that foreign currency needed by the Company to service foreign
currency obligations could be purchased in the open market without substantial
additional cost.
Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the peso and the U.S. dollar will
affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the peso price of the Units on the Mexican
Stock Exchange and the price of ADSs on the New York Stock Exchange. Cash
dividends will be paid by the Company in pesos, and exchange rate fluctuations
will affect the U.S. dollar amounts received by holders of ADRs on conversion by
the Depositary of cash dividends on the Shares constituting the Units underlying
the ADSs.
Dividends
Pursuant to Mexican law and the Company's estatutos sociales, the
declaration, amount and payment of annual dividends are determined by a majority
vote of the holders of Series B Shares, generally, but not necessarily, on the
recommendation of the Board of Directors. Holders of Series L Shares are not
entitled to vote with respect to the declaration of dividends. The Company paid
dividends of Ps.58.2 million in 1994, Ps.104.9 million in 1997 and Ps.193.8
million in 1998. The table below sets forth on a pro forma basis the cash
dividends per Unit during the periods indicated. Dividend per Unit amounts have
not been adjusted for inflation and reflect Unit amounts in respect of each Unit
outstanding immediately prior to the distribution of such dividend. Peso amounts
have been translated into U.S. dollars at the noon buying rate on the first date
that the applicable dividend was available for payment.
Period Cash Dividend Per Unit(1)
- ------ ----------------------------------
(nominal pesos) (U.S. dollars)
1994 ................................... 0.059 0.018
1995 ................................... -- --
1996 ................................... -- --
1997 ................................... 0.284 0.036
1998 ................................... 0.578 0.064
- -------------------------
(1) Cash dividends per Unit in constant pesos as of December 31, 1998, were
Ps.0.185 for 1994, Ps.0.363 for 1997 and Ps.0.646 for 1998.
Although there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of future
dividends, the Company expects to pay an annual dividend pro rata to holders of
outstanding Shares in an amount up to approximately 20% of the prior year's net
income. The declaration and payment of dividends will depend on the Company's
results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects
and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors and the holders of
Series B Shares, including debt instruments which may limit the Company's
ability to pay dividends.
The Company is not currently subject to any contractual restrictions on its
ability to pay dividends. Because the Company is a holding company with no
significant operations of its own, it will have distributable profits and cash
to pay dividends only to the extent that it receives dividends from it
subsidiaries, principally BSACV. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the
Company will pay dividends or of the amount of any such dividends. BSACV, the
Company's principal operating subsidiary, is subject to the terms of a loan
agreement containing covenants that could limit its ability to pay dividends
under certain circumstances.
Mexican law requires that 5% of the Company's net income each year (after
profit sharing and other deductions required by Mexican law) be allocated to a
legal reserve fund until such fund reaches an amount equal to at least 20% of
the Company's capital stock. Mexican corporations may pay dividends only out of
earnings (including retained earnings after all losses have been absorbed or
paid up) and only after such allocation to the legal reserve fund. The level of
earnings available for the payment of dividends is determined under Mexican
GAPP.
ITEM 9. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the
Consolidated Financial Statements. The Consolidated Financial Statements have
been prepared in accordance with Mexican GAAP, which differs in significant
respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
provides a description of the principal differences between Mexican GAAP and
U.S. GAAP, as they relate to the Company, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of
stockholders' equity and net income as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 and for the
years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
In accordance with Mexican GAAP rules on price-level restatement of
financial statements, the financial statements included herein recognize certain
effects of inflation. In addition, the financial statements and, unless
otherwise specified, the other financial data included herein are restated in
constant pesos as of December 31, 1998. The effects of price-level restatement
in accordance with Mexican GAAP have not been reversed in the reconciliation to
U.S. GAAP.
General
Bachoco's results of operations for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997
and 1998 have been affected by several general trends which are described below.
Mexican Economic Conditions
Beginning in December 1994 and continuing into 1996, Mexico experienced an
economic crisis characterized by exchange rate instability and devaluation,
increased inflation, high domestic interest rates, negative or slow economic
growth, reduced consumer purchasing power and high unemployment. The economic
crisis resulted in part from a series of internal disruptions and political
events, including a large current account deficit (7.8% of gross domestic
product in 1994), civil unrest in the southern state of Chiapas, the
assassination of two prominent political figures and the significant devaluation
of the peso, that undermined the confidence of investors in Mexico during 1994
and, combined with an increase in international interest rates, led to a
substantial outflow of capital.
Economic conditions in Mexico generally improved in 1997 and 1998, with
gross domestic product increasing by 7.0% and, according to preliminary figures,
4.8%, respectively, in each case as compared to the prior year. Average interest
rates on 28-day Cetes were 31.4%, 19.8% and 24.4% in 1996, 1997 and 1998,
respectively. Inflation during 1996, 1997 and 1998 was 27.7%, 15.7% and 18.6%,
respectively. Due, in part, to a period of uncertainty in the global financial
markets following substantial declines in the Asian, Russian and Brazilian
securities markets, the Mexican economy experienced increased volatility in
1998. Economic growth slowed during the fourth quarter of the year, while
inflation and interest rates increased.
Mexican political events may also affect significantly the Company's
operations and the performance of Mexican securities generally. In the recent
past, the transfer of power after presidential elections has been accompanied by
a significant deterioration of the economy. Presidential and Congressional
elections are scheduled for July 2000, and the subsequent transfer of power may
be accompanied by political instability, which could trigger, among other
events, currency instability.
A reversal of the recent general improvements in Mexico's economic
conditions, or civil unrest or other adverse social, political or economic
developments in or affecting Mexico, could adversely affect the Company's
business, results of operations, financial condition, ability to obtain
financing and prospects.
The Mexican economy and financial and securities markets are, to varying
degrees, influenced by economic conditions in other countries. For example,
recent adverse economic conditions in certain emerging market countries have
increased the Company's financing costs. Furthermore, economic or financial
conditions in one country or region may undermine investors' confidence in other
countries, such as Mexico, and decrease the attractiveness of securities
investments in such countries.
Effects of Economic Conditions on the Company
Mexican economic conditions have had a strong impact on the chicken market
in Mexico. Feed costs, which constitute a substantial portion of cost of goods
sold and are priced with reference to U.S. dollars, increased in peso terms
following the devaluations of the peso in 1994 and 1995, negatively impacting
profit margins. In 1997, as a result of a reduction in the cost of grain which
pushed prices down, average consumer prices for chicken declined by 9.6 % in
real terms, primarily because of lower grain prices worldwide. In 1998, average
consumer prices declined by an additional 0.8% in real terms, primarily because
of lower grain and soybean meal prices worldwide, and because of a 6.1% increase
in total domestic supply. According to UNA, the decline in average producer
price in 1998 reached 2.2%.
The Company has significant liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars. At
December 31, 1998, 95.6% of the Company's outstanding indebtedness of Ps.389.9
million was denominated in U.S. dollars. The Company's assets are primarily
denominated in pesos. Because of its U.S. dollar liabilities, the Company
sustains foreign exchange losses when there is devaluation of the peso. In 1998,
the Company had a foreign exchange loss of Ps.47.0 million because the peso
experienced a depreciation of 18.5% against the U.S. dollar.
Demand for Bachoco's products, and the Company's net sales and
profitability, may be adversely affected by any erosion of the purchasing power
of Mexican consumers. The effect of inflation and changing prices on the
Company's net sales and operating results varies depending upon a number of
factors, including the ability of the Company to raise prices, consumer demand,
supplier price increases and increases in other costs and expenses, consumer
purchasing power and competitive factors. Additional devaluations of the peso
and high levels of inflation could further adversely affect the Company's
operations and financial position.
Increasing Volume of Chicken Sold
The Company's volume of chicken sold increased by 14.8% in 1997 and 10.0%
in 1998. The volume increase resulted primarily from Bachoco's investments in
increased capacity, improved efficiency at Bachoco's production complexes and
increased use of contract growers. Bachoco expects to continue increasing its
sales volume and market share as a result of further investments in increased
capacity, further improvements in the production process and continued use of
contract growers, capitalizing on continued consolidation in the industry and
anticipated growth in Mexican chicken consumption.
Trends in Product Prices
Bachoco's results of operations are significantly affected by the
cyclicality and volatility of Mexican prices for chicken, eggs and swine.
Bachoco's average realized price for chicken declined in 1997 and 1998. Egg and
swine prices declined significantly during 1998, due principally to an
oversupplied market. The egg market was oversupplied because of increased
domestic production while the swine market was oversupplied because of domestic
overproduction as well as increased imports from the United States, where swine
prices reached historical lows. The Company believes that industry price
competition, among other factors, will continue to put downward pressure on real
chicken prices, and that prices for chicken, eggs and swine are also likely to
remain volatile and to be subject to cyclical variation. Because of the time
frame required to complete the chicken growth cycle, chicken producers generally
are unable to adjust production immediately in response to cyclical variations,
and, accordingly, prices may decline in times of oversupply due to
overproduction.
Trends in Prices for Feed Ingredients
The largest single component of Bachoco's cost of sales is the cost of
ingredients used in the preparation of feed, including sorghum, soymeal, corn,
fishmeal, meatmeal and, for certain chicken products, marigold extract. The
price of the Company's feed ingredients is subject to significant volatility
resulting from, among other factors, weather, the size of harvests,
transportation and storage costs, government agricultural policies, currency
exchange rates and other factors. The relative price to the Company of sourcing
feed ingredients from Mexican producers and from U.S. producers is also subject
to variation depending on the preceding factors. At present, Mexican feed prices
tend to move in parallel to U.S. and international prices. In 1996, 1997 and
1998, Bachoco increased the portion of feed ingredients that it sources from
Mexican producers. Bachoco's feed costs have also been favorably affected by
changes in Mexican government agricultural policy, phased in beginning in 1991,
that eliminated price supports for domestic farmers and reduced procedural
restrictions on importing grains, and by the reduction in tariffs with the
implementation of NAFTA beginning in 1994. In the 1997-98 harvest, grain prices
declined by approximately 10.7% in dollar terms in the United States market.
Seasonality
Bachoco's sales are moderately seasonal, with the highest levels of sales
in the fourth quarter because of higher consumption of chicken during the
holiday season and lower levels of sales earlier in the year during Lent,
particularly during the week prior to Easter.
Summary of Results of Operations
The following table sets forth for each of the periods indicated selected
components of the Company's results of operations as a percentage of net sales
for each such period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended December 31,
---------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
(percentage of net sales)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales................................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales............................................... (78.6) (71.1) (72.1)
Gross profit................................................ 21.4 28.9 27.9
Operating income............................................ 12.3 19.5 18.0
Comprehensive financing (cost) income....................... 1.1 1.3 0.1
Income tax, asset tax and employee profit sharing........... (0.0) (0.4) (0.7)
Net income.................................................. 13.5 20.5 17.2
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated,
Bachoco's net sales of chicken, eggs, swine and other products as a percentage
of total net sales in each period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended December 31,
1996 1997 1998
---- ---- ----
(percentage of net sales)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Chicken ..................................................... 80.8% 83.5% 86.5%
Eggs......................................................... 14.1 11.8 9.6
Swine........................................................ 3.2 3.1 2.3
Other products............................................... 1.8 1.6 1.6
------ ----- -----
Total................................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 1997 and 1998
General
Various factors affected the Company's result for 1998, as compared to its
results for 1997. The Mexican economy was highly volatile in 1998 due to
instability in international financial markets. The peso depreciated by nearly
18.5% against the US dollar, while inflation and interest rates increased
markedly. These factors, among others, caused a significant slowdown in economic
growth, mostly visible in the fourth quarter.
The Mexican chicken industry grew by 6.3% in 1998 as consumer demand was
positive through the year. Chicken production was somewhat hampered by limited
availability of hatching eggs, due to a new strain of Leukosis affecting
breeders worldwide. Although the Company's own breeder flocks were unaffected by
the disease, hatching eggs were less available. This factor, combined with a
high mortality rate caused by heavy rains during the third quarter, affected the
volume of chickens produced by the Company.
The Company's results from egg and swine operations were adversely affected
by downward price movements for both products, caused mainly by oversupply
conditions. Egg prices declined because of an 8.0% increase in domestic
production in 1997, followed by a 6.1% increase in 1998. Swine prices declined
because of domestic overproduction, as well as increased imports from the United
States, where swine prices reached historical lows.
Net sales
Net sales increased by 1.9%, from Ps.5,224.8 million in 1997 to Ps.5,322.6
million in 1998. This increase was attributable principally to an increase in
volume of chicken sold, partially offset by a decrease in average realized
prices of chicken, eggs and swine.
Bachoco's volume of chicken sold increased by 10.0% from 1997 to 1998 due
to the Company's added capacity in new farms in all of its complexes, increased
use of contract growers and improved productivity. Bachoco's average realized
price for chicken decreased by 4.1% from 1997 to 1998, due principally to
oversupply in the chicken market. Bachoco's volume of eggs increased slightly,
by 0.5%, in 1998. The average realized price of eggs decreased by 17.3%, due to
an increased supply of eggs in Mexico. The volume of swine sold by Bachoco in
1998 increased by 0.7%. The average realized price for swine decreased by 25.6%
in 1998, due principally to oversupply caused by increased domestic production
and low priced imports from the United States.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales increased by 3.2%, from Ps.3,716.0 million in 1997 to
Ps.3,836.1 million in 1998, due primarily to increased volume of chicken sold,
partially offset by a decrease in unit cost in chicken, eggs and swine, as a
result of decreased grain prices and improved productivity. As a percentage of
net sales, cost of sales increased slightly, from 71.1% in 1997 to 72.1% in
1998.
Gross profit
Gross profit decreased by 1.5%, from Ps.1,508.8 million in 1997 to
Ps.1,486.6 million in 1998, due principally to lower gross profit from eggs and
swine caused by reduced prices for each of these products. The decline in gross
profit in eggs and swine was partially offset by a higher gross profit from
chicken sales. The Company's overall gross profit margin (gross profit as a
percentage of net sales) declined to 27.9% in 1998 from 28.9% in 1997.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 8.3%, from
Ps.490.0 million in 1997 to Ps.530.8 million in 1998. The increase reflected a
13.6% increase in selling expenses and a reduction of 1.0% in administrative
expenses. The increase in selling expenses was due to higher delivery and
distribution expenses associated with the increased volume of chicken sold. As a
percentage of net sales, selling, general and administrative expenses increased
from 9.4% in 1997 to 10.0% in 1998.
Operating income
Operating income decreased by 6.2%, from Ps.1,018.7 million in 1997 to
Ps.955.7 million in 1998, mainly because of lower gross margins in eggs and
swine products.
Comprehensive financing (cost) income
Comprehensive financing (cost) income represents the net effect of interest
expense, interest income, foreign exchange (loss) gain and gain (loss) on net
monetary position, which arises from the effect of inflation on the average net
balance of monetary assets and liabilities. Comprehensive financing (cost)
income declined from income of Ps.67.2 million in 1997 to income of Ps.7.4
million in 1998. The decrease in comprehensive financing income was attributable
to (i) a foreign exchange loss as a result of the depreciation of the Mexican
peso against the U.S. dollar and (ii) a loss on net monetary position as the
Company had a net monetary asset position in 1998 after having a net monetary
liability position in 1997. These factors were offset in part by (i) higher
interest income as a result of increased cash and higher interest rates and (ii)
decreased interest expense as a result of a lower level of debt.
Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense) in each of 1997 and 1998 was attributable to sales
of feed, used equipment and miscellaneous services. It represented net income of
Ps.16.7 million in 1997 and net expense of Ps.4.0 million in 1998.
Income before provision for income tax, asset tax, employee profit sharing and
minority interest
Income decreased by 13.0% from Ps.1,102.6 million in 1997 to Ps.959.2
million in 1998, primarily due to the reduction in operating profit and a
reduction in comprehensive financing income.
Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 1996 and 1997
Net sales
Net sales increased by 5.7%, from Ps.4,944.2 million in 1996 to Ps.5,224.8
million in 1997. This increase was attributable principally to an increase in
volume of chicken sold, partially offset by a decrease in average realized
prices of chicken, eggs and swine.
Bachoco's volume of chicken sold increased 14.7%, from 1996 to 1997 due to
the Company's added capacity in a new farm in Culiacan, increased use of
contract growers, and improved productivity. Bachoco's average realized price
for chicken decreased by 4.7% from 1996 to 1997 because of a decrease in the
cost of grain. The average realized price of eggs decreased by 12.6% due to an
increased supply of eggs in Mexico. Bachoco's volume of eggs sold did not change
in 1997. The average realized price for swine decreased by 1.3% in 1997. The
volume of swine sold by Bachoco in 1997 increased by 3.2%.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales decreased by 4.4%, from Ps.3,888.5 million in 1996 to
Ps.3,716.0 million in 1997, due primarily to decreased prices of grain and
improved productivity, partially offset by the increase of volume of chicken. As
a percentage of net sales, cost of sales decreased from 78.7% in 1996 to 71.1%
in 1997.
Gross profit
Gross profit increased by 43% from Ps.1,055.7 million in 1996 to Ps.1,508.8
million in 1997, mainly because of higher volume of chicken sold and a higher
gross profit margin. The gross profit margin (gross profit as a percentage of
net sales) was 28.9% in 1997 compared to 21.4% in 1996.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by 9.4%, from
Ps.448.1 million in 1996 to Ps.490.0 million in 1997. The increase reflected a
2.0% increase in administrative expenses and an increase of 14.1% in selling
expenses. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was due
to higher advertising expenses, higher distribution costs and the cost of a
pension plan implemented in 1996. As a percentage of net sales, selling, general
and administrative expenses increased from 9.1% in 1996 to 9.4% in 1997.
Operating income
Operating income increased by 67.7% from Ps.607.5 million in 1996 to
Ps.1,018.7 million in 1997, as higher gross profit offset higher selling,
general and administrative expenses.
Comprehensive financing (cost) income
Comprehensive financing (cost) income increased from income of Ps.55.8
million in 1996 to income of Ps.67.2 million in 1997, principally because of (i)
decreased interest expenses due to lower rates in Mexico and a lower level of
debt, (ii) higher interest income as a result of a higher level of cash, and
(iii) lower foreign exchange gain as a result of stability of the peso against
the dollar for the year. This result was partially offset by a lower gain in net
monetary position because of a lower inflation rate in Mexico and a lower net
monetary liability position.
Other income (expense), net
Other income in each of 1996 and 1997 was attributable to sales of feed,
used equipment and miscellaneous services. Other income increased from Ps.11.6
million in 1996 to Ps.16.7 million in 1997.
Income before provision for income tax, asset tax, employee profit sharing and
minority interest
Income increased by 63.4%, from Ps.675.0 million in 1996 to Ps.1,102.6
million in 1997, primarily due to the significant increase in operating margins
and the favorable impact of comprehensive financing income.
Income Tax, Asset Tax and Employee Profit Sharing
The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns.
BSACV, the Company's principal operating subsidiary, has been subject since
January 1, 1991 to corporate income tax under the provisions of the statutory
regimen simplificado (the "simplified regime") which is applicable to a company
engaged in agriculture, transportation or certain other activities, and deriving
no more than 10% of its consolidated net sales from the production of
"processed" products. "Processed" is defined as having altered the basic nature
of a product, and includes pre-cooked chicken products, but not items such as
chicken parts or cleaned, eviscerated chicken. Currently, less than 2% of the
Company's products are processed within the meaning of the simplified regime.
The simplified regime is part of Mexico's internal revenue code and can only be
amended through an amendment to the current tax law, which requires the approval
of the Mexican Congress.
Under the simplified regime, a company determines its taxable income using
a comprehensive system for reporting transactions that differs altogether from
the ordinary method of determining taxable income. Under the simplified regime,
income tax is payable only on the amount of certain types of transactions,
including the payment of dividends, the making of loans and other types of
payments. Under the simplified regime, the effective tax rate on payments of
dividends from BSACV to the Company was 20.48% for 1996, 1997 and 1998, and will
be 21.21% in 1999. The Company is taxed on the dividends it pays to shareholders
only to the extent such dividends exceed the net tax earnings account (cuenta de
utilidad fiscal neta, or "CUFIN"), an account maintained by each Mexican company
to which it credits earnings that have been subject to income taxation and
against which it charges distributions to stockholders. At December 31, 1998,
the Company had Ps.2.8 million in its CUFIN account.
The general effect of the simplified regime, together with the policies
applied by Bachoco's management, is that BSACV does not pay material income tax
unless it makes distributions to the Company. BSACV accounts for most of the
revenues and net income of Bachoco. For the years ended December 31, 1996
through 1998, pretax income of BSACV represents between 94% and 99% of Bachoco's
consolidated income before tax.
Dividends on which BSACV has paid income tax will be credit to the
Company's CUFIN account and, accordingly, no further income tax liability will
arise when such amounts are distributed as dividends to the Company
stockholders. Effective January 1, 1999, cash dividends paid to the Company's
stockholders will be subject to a withholding tax of approximately 7.60%.
Management intends to make distributions from BSACV to the Company to the
extent, and only to the extent, of dividends paid by the Company to its
stockholders. Although no assurance can be given regarding the amount or timing
of dividends, management expects that the Company will pay dividends annually in
an amount up to approximately 20% of its net income, and accordingly that the
level of consolidated provisions for income tax for Mexican GAAP purposes will
also increase as a result of those dividends.
In addition to income tax, the Company and its subsidiaries are also
subject to an alternative minimum tax known as asset tax, which is assessed on
the net average balances of certain assets and liabilities. The general rate is
1.8%, but under the simplified regime BSACV is subject to a 0.9% rate and to
special rules excluding many assets from the determination of asset tax. Each
company is required to pay asset tax if the amount of asset tax exceeds the
computed income tax liability. In the past, because BSACV and certain other
subsidiaries have had virtually no net income tax liability, principally due to
the simplified regime, they have been subject only to asset tax. Asset tax can
be credited against income tax in subsequent years for up to ten years.
Currently, the Company has Ps.3.6 million in asset tax credit.
The Company and BSACV have no employees, but each of the other subsidiaries
of the Company is required under Mexican law to pay employees, in addition to
their compensation and benefits, profit sharing in an aggregate amount equal to
10% of such subsidiary's taxable income subject to certain adjustments.
The aggregate effective rate of income tax, asset tax and employee profit
sharing was 0.23% in 1996, and 2.06% in 1997, and 3.98% in 1998.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Bachoco's principal liquidity and capital resource requirements are to
finance capital expenditures and investments in distribution operations and to
maintain and upgrade the Company's production facilities. Historically, the
Company's sources of liquidity have been primarily from a combination of cash
balances, accounts receivable and financing facilities.
Liquidity in fiscal 1998 remained strong. The Company's working capital
(current assets less current liabilities) at December 31, 1998 was Ps.1,667.2
million compared to Ps.1,716.9 million at December 31, 1997. The current ratio
at December 31, 1998 increased to 5.86 to 1 from 3.75 to 1 at December 31, 1997.
Cash and cash equivalents were Ps.715.9 million at December 31,1998, a
decrease of Ps.358.4 million from December 31, 1997. The decrease was due
primarily to use of internal resources for capital expenditures.
Bachoco had net trade accounts receivable of Ps.190.0 million at December
31, 1998, compared to Ps.201.7 million at December 31, 1997. The average life of
accounts receivable and accounts payable generally has remained below one month
throughout the past three years. The Company had allowances for doubtful
accounts of Ps.14.1 million at December 31, 1998. See Note 2 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Inventories were Ps.948.8 million at December 31, 1998, an increase of
Ps.10.6 million from December 31, 1997. The increase was due primarily to
increases in layer and breeder hens and grow-out flocks.
Capital expenditures for 1998 were Ps.834.9 million and were primarily
incurred to expand production capacities (mainly grow-out farms, feed plants and
processing plants) and to improve efficiencies. The Company expects to make
capital expenditures equivalent to approximately U.S.$42 million in 1999 to
increase its egg hatching production capacity and processing plant capacity, and
to increase and upgrade its distribution fleet and distribution centers. In
addition, consistent with its business strategy, the Company may make additional
investments to acquire production facilities of competing poultry producers if
they become available at advantageous prices.
The Company's long-term debt (including the current portion) was Ps.383.4
million at December 31, 1998. Of this amount, Ps.17.1 million (or 4.5%),
represented long-term peso-denominated loans to finance investments in
facilities, which are secured by pledges of the facilities. These loans were
entered into in 1992 (for expansion of the Culiacan processing plant and the
Celaya complex, and for a water processing plant) and in 1994 (to replace
short-term financing incurred for the Puebla acquisition). Such loans were made
under programs of the Fideicomiso Instituido en Relacion a la Agricultura
("FIRA"), a fund for agricultural investment sponsored by the Mexican Central
Bank, which finances up to 80% of the cost of eligible investments. FIRA loans
bear interest at floating rates that are significantly lower than the rates
otherwise available to Mexican corporate borrowers. The Company expects to
continue to have access to FIRA financing for qualifying investments.
The balance of Bachoco's long-term debt (Ps.366.2 million at December 31,
1998) is U.S. dollar-denominated financing for the construction and expansion of
production and processing facilities, and equipment financing under programs of
the Export-Import Bank of the United States which are secured by pledges of the
equipment. All of the Company's long-term debt bears interest at variable rates.
The weighted average interest rate on the Company's long-term debt was
approximately 13.2% per annum (21.7% for peso-denominated debt and 8.8% for U.S.
dollar-denominated debt) for the year ended December 31, 1997, and approximately
8.9% per annum (13.3% for peso-denominated debt and 7.0% for U.S.
dollar-denominated debt) for the year ended December 31, 1998.
The Company's notes payable to banks were Ps.6.5 million at December 31,
1998, which represented U.S. dollar-denominated import financing for the
Company's purchases of feed ingredients. This financing is provided primarily
under programs of the Commodity Credit Corporation, and new loans under these
programs currently are for a term of six months and bear interest at 1.8% per
annum over six-month Libor. At December 31, 1998, uncommitted lines of credit
from a variety of Mexican and international banks totaled Ps.2,134.1 million.
The Company did not pay commitment fees in 1998 under any of these facilities.
Borrowings under these facilities are at the lender's discretion.
The Company's stockholders' equity increased to Ps.5,384.4 million at
December 31, 1998 from Ps.4,851.3 million at December 31, 1997, mainly due to
retained earnings.
The Company is a holding company with no significant operations of its own.
It will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the extent
that it receives dividends from its subsidiaries, principally BSACV. The amount
of dividends payable by the Company and its subsidiaries is also subject to
general limitations under Mexican corporate law. Under a credit agreement
between the Company and certain lenders, BSACV is required to maintain, as of
specified dates and for specified periods, certain financial covenant ratios.
BSACV is in compliance with each of these ratios by a significant margin and
accordingly the Company does not expect the covenants to be a material
constraint on the activities or financial condition of BSACV or the Company or
on the ability of BSACV to pay dividends to the Company.
The Company expects to finance its capital expenditures and debt service
obligations from its current liquidity and capital resources, cash flows and
from additional borrowings from its existing sources of debt financing, although
the Company will also consider other sources of debt financing if they are
available on advantageous terms.
Reconciliation to U.S. GAAP
The principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they
relate to the Company, concern (i) deferred income taxes, together with the
resulting net monetary gain, and (ii) capitalization of interest expense on
assets under construction. Each of these differences also affects the Company's
balance sheet.
Mexican GAAP requires deferred income tax provisions only for nonrecurring
timing differences between accounting and tax reporting which are expected to
reverse over a definite period of time. For purposes of the U.S. GAAP
reconciliation, the Company accounts for income taxes under Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" ("SFAS
109") for all periods presented. SFAS 109 requires recognition of deferred
income taxes using an asset and liability method for all temporary differences,
both recurring and nonrecurring. The effect of SFAS 109 is to require the
Company to maintain higher provisions for deferred income taxes under U.S. GAAP
than under Mexican GAAP. In determining its deferred income tax liabilities
under SFAS 109, the Company assumes that all retained earnings will be
distributed to stockholders and accordingly will give rise to income tax under
the simplified regime.
The Company's consolidated net income under U.S. GAAP would have been
Ps.638.3 million for the year ended December 31, 1996, Ps.935.7 million for the
year ended December 31, 1997 and Ps.834.8 million for the year ended December
31, 1998, compared to Ps.667.2 million, Ps.1,071.0 million and Ps.917.4 million,
respectively under Mexican GAAP. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Beginning in January 2000, Bulletin D-4 "Accounting for Income Taxes," will
apply to the Company's financial statements under Mexican GAAP. Specifically,
the Company's financial statements under Mexican GAAP will account for deferred
taxes in substantially the same manner as required by U.S. GAAP, obviating the
need to include this information in the reconciliation to U.S. GAAP.
Year 2000 Compliance
Year 2000 compliance refers to the ability of certain computer systems and
computer chips to recognize dates commencing on January 1, 2000. Computer
systems or chips which are not year 2000 compliant may fail to distinguish
between the year 1900 and the year 2000. The inability of a computer system to
recognize such dates has the potential to materially and adversely affect its
operation. The Company is reviewing all of its computer based systems, including
software and hardware, and equipment which is operated by embedded computer
chips, including for example, the temperature control mechanisms used in chicken
coops, for year 2000 compliance. While certain systems, such as software, can be
upgraded to ensure year 2000 compliance, other systems, particularly those
employing embedded chips, may require replacement.
The Company has appointed internal personnel to ensure that its systems are
year 2000 compliant. This project is comprised of six phases: (i) compiling an
inventory of computer systems, including hardware, software and other equipment
which may be affected by year 2000 compliance issues; (ii) determining which
systems need to be replaced and which need to be upgraded to ensure year 2000
compliance; (iii) devising a strategy for replacing or upgrading identified
systems; (iv) developing and implementing certain precautionary plans in
conjunction with suppliers, customers and other third parties whose operations
may have a material effect on the Company's business; (v) implementing these
plans; and (vi) developing contingency plans for systems considered to be
critical.
As of December 31, 1998, the Company had completed phases (i) and (ii) and
had begun implementing phases (iii) and (iv). The Company has currently
identified software which needs to be converted to conduct certain tasks which
may be material to the Company's operations and has identified hardware which
will be upgraded. The embedded technology in the Company's production equipment
has been inventoried and the Company has contacted each of the vendors who
supplied this technology, inquiring as to the Year 2000 readiness of their
equipment. While not all of the responses have been received, those suppliers
that have responded have indicated that their merchandise is year 2000
compliant. At present, the Company believes there to be no significant exposure
with regard to its production equipment, although there can be no assurance that
problems will not be discovered.
The Company expects the six phases of its year 2000 compliance project to
be completed by the third quarter of 1999, although there can be no assurance
that the project will not be delayed if additional year 2000-related problems
are identified.
The total cost associated with required modifications to become year 2000
compliant is expected to be approximately Ps.5.4 million. These costs include
the replacement and modification of the Company's computer and communications
infrastructure, software applications, software from external suppliers and
operating systems. The total cost of the year 2000 project, which will be funded
out of the annual operational budget and paid for with internally generated
funds, is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's results of
operations.
In order to reduce the risks associated with the inability of suppliers and
other third parties to become year 2000 compliant, the Company is maintaining
contact with each such material third party in order to ensure that it
identifies and replaces or upgrades those systems which are not yet year 2000
compliant. There can be no assurance that the systems of third parties upon
which Bachoco relies will become year 2000 compliant in time or that failure to
do so will not have an adverse effect on the Company.
The Company does not expect that year 2000 compliance issues will pose
significant operational problems or that any such problems will be material to
the Company's financial position or results of operations. The failure by the
Company or a significant third party to correct a material year 2000 problem
could result in an interruption in, or failure of, certain normal business
activities or operations of the Company. Bachoco has not determined the likely
worst case scenario in the event that its own systems and third party systems
are not year 2000 compliant, but it continually evaluates the risks associated
with such a failure as it obtains further information regarding its own project
and the efforts of third parties.
The Company will continually develop contingency plans based on its actual
testing experience, communications with its supplier base and assessment of
outside third party risks. The Company will attempt to develop contingency plans
for a variety of situations but there can be no assurance that unforeseen
circumstances will not arise.
ITEM 9A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
In the normal course of its business, the Company holds or issues various
financial instruments that expose the Company to financial risks involving
fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates. Also, the Company is
exposed to commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices
for its feed ingredients.
Currency Fluctuation
The Company's exposure to market risk associated with changes in foreign
currency exchange rates relates primarily to its debt obligations and other
expenses which are denominated in U.S. dollars. Since the Company has
significant liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars, it is exposed to foreign
exchange losses when the peso declines in value against the U.S. dollar. The
peso has been subject to significant volatility in the past and may be subject
to significant fluctuations in the future. See "Exchange Rates."
All of Bachoco's sales are priced in Mexican pesos, and the Company has
significant expenses in U.S. dollars. A significant portion of Bachoco's feed
purchases are priced in U.S. dollars and other purchases may be influenced by
U.S. dollar prices. A devaluation of the peso will accordingly affect the
Company's earnings. In addition, the Mexican peso exchange rate can directly and
indirectly impact the Company's results of operations and financial position in
several manners, including potential economic recession in Mexico resulting from
a devalued peso.
Most of the Company's debt is denominated in U.S. dollars. Foreign currency
exchange losses for the Company were Ps.24.3 million and Ps.47.0 million for
1996 and 1998, while the Company had a foreign exchange gain of Ps.6.7 million
in 1997.
No assurance can be given as to the future valuation of the Mexican peso
and how further movements in the peso could affect future earnings of the
Company.
The Company manages its exchange rate exposure primarily through management
of its financial structure, specifically by maintaining most of its debt through
long-term debt instruments. The Company engages in only limited hedging of its
exposure to foreign exchange risk, since hedging instruments have historically
not been economically feasible.
Based on its position at December 31, 1998, the Company estimates that a
hypothetical 10% devaluation of the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar would
result in exchange losses of Ps.37.3 million, and an increase of Ps.2.7 million
in annual interest expenses.
Interest Rates
The Company's earnings may also be affected by changes in interest rates
due to the impact those changes have on its variable-rate debt instruments. As
of December 31, 1999, the Company had borrowings of approximately Ps.389.9
million pursuant to variable rate debt instruments, representing the equivalent
of approximately 6.5% of the Company's total assets. Approximately 35% of these
debt instruments have lower and upper interest rate limits of 5.5% and 6.25%,
respectively. As such, the Company's susceptibility to significant interest rate
fluctuation is concentrated in the remaining 65% of its variable rate debt
instruments.
Based on its position at December 31, 1999, the Company estimates that a
hypothetical interest rate variation of 250 basis points on its U.S. dollar
denominated debt would result in increased interest expenses of approximately
Ps.0.89 million per annum. Any such increase would likely be offset by an
increase in interest income due to the Company's significant cash and cash
equivalent position.
Feed Ingredients
The largest single component of Bachoco's cost of sales is the cost of
ingredients used in the preparation of feed, including principally, sorghum,
soymeal, corn, fishmeal, meatmeal and, for certain chicken products, marigold
extract. The price of these ingredients is subject to significant volatility
resulting, among other factors, from weather, the size of harvests,
transportation and storage costs, governmental agricultural policies, currency
exchange rates and other factors. In order to reduce the potential adverse
effect of grain price fluctuations, Bachoco varies the composition of its feed
to take advantage of current market prices for the various types of ingredients
used.
With the exception of certain short-term futures contracts, the Company
currently does not engage in hedging of its feed cost, since such instruments
have historically not been economically feasible.
At present, Bachoco has taken advantage of the lower cost of feed
ingredients available from Mexican sources and has increased the portion of its
total needs that it sources locally from approximately 40% in 1995 to
approximately 85% in 1998. Management believes that local feed, particularly
sorghum, is of superior quality compared to imported feed ingredients. In
addition, the use of local feed allows the Company to save on transportation
costs and import duties. In general, cost of domestic feed ingredients tend to
follow the international markets, but adjustments in cost do not occur
immediately.
Bachoco's feed costs have also been favorably affected by changes in
Mexican government agricultural policy, phased in beginning in 1991, that
eliminated price supports for domestic farmers and reduced procedural
restrictions on importing grains, and by the reduction in tariffs with the
implementation of NAFTA beginning in 1994.
Based on it results for fiscal year 1998, the Company estimates that a
hypothetical variation of 10% in the cost of ingredients, would have an impact
of Ps.249.7 million on cost of sales.
ITEM 10. Directors and Officers of Registrant.
Directors
The Board of Directors is responsible for the management of the business of
the Company. The Board of Directors is to consist of an odd number of directors,
which may not be less than fifteen, and corresponding alternate directors, each
of whom is elected for a term of one year. The holders of Series B Shares may
elect directors and alternate directors at a general ordinary stockholders'
meeting. The holders of Series L Shares have the right to appoint or elect two
directors and two alternate directors to the Board of Directors.
Alternate directors elected by the holders of Series B Shares are
authorized to serve on the Board of Directors in place of directors who are
unable to attend meetings or otherwise participate in the activities of the
Board of Directors. Alternate directors appointed or elected by the holders of
Series L Shares are authorized to serve on the Board of Directors in place of
directors appointed or elected by the holders of Series L Shares who are unable
to attend meetings or otherwise participate in the activities of the Board of
Directors.
The following table sets out the current directors of the Company, their
positions with the Company and years of service:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Name Position Years as Director
- ---- -------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C>
Enrique Robinson Bours Chairman of the Board 45
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo Vice Chairman of the Board 17
Mario Javier Robinson Bours Director 45
Juan Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours Director 45
Arturo Bours Griffith Director 5
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo Director 5
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Munoz Director 5
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez Director 5
Jose Francisco Bours Griffith Director 5
Guillermo Pineda Cruz Director 5
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa Director 5
Cristobal Mondragon Fragoso Director 3
David Gastelum Cazarez Director 3
Octavio Robinson Bours Director 2
Arquimedes Adriano Celis Ordaz irector 2
</TABLE>
Enrique Robinson Bours, Mario Javier Robinson Bours and Juan Bautista
Salvador Robinson Bours are brothers. Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo and Jose
Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo are sons of Mario Javier Robinson Bours. Arturo
Bours Griffith, Jose Francisco Bours Griffith and Octavio Robinson Bours are
nephews of Enrique Robinson Bours, Mario Javier Robinson Bours and Juan Bautista
Salvador Robinson Bours. Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Munoz is the son of
Enrique Robinson Bours. Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez is the son of Juan
Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours. Guillermo Pineda Cruz is the son-in-law of
Enrique Robinson Bours and Ricardo Aguirre Borboa is the son-in-law of Juan
Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours.
The estatutos sociales of the Company provide for the creation of an
Executive Committee of the Board of Directors, which may exercise certain of the
Board's powers in full, subject to certain limitations. Members of the Executive
Committee are elected by the Company's stockholders for one-year terms.
Currently there are six members of the Executive Committee, at present Enrique
Robinson Bours, Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo, Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours
Munoz, Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo, Arturo Bours Griffith and Juan
Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez.
Executive Officers
The executive officers of the Company are set forth in the table below:
Name Position Age
- ---- -------- ---
Arquimedes Adriano Celis Ordaz Chief Executive Officer 45
Cristobal Mondragon Fragoso Chief Financial Officer 53
David Gastelum Cazarez Director of Marketing 47
Jose Luis Lopez Lepe Director of Personnel 51
Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu Director of Production 41
Carlos Huerta Suarez Director of Purchases 41
Statutory Auditor
The statutory auditor reports to the stockholders at the ordinary general
meeting regarding the accuracy of the financial information presented to such
holders by the Board of Directors and generally reviews the affairs of the
Company. The statutory auditor is also authorized (i) to call ordinary or
extraordinary stockholders' meetings, (ii) to place items on the agenda for
meetings of stockholders or the Board of Directors (iii) to attend meetings of
stockholders or the Board of Directors (without the right to vote) and (iv) to
request monthly reports from the Board of Directors regarding the Company's
financial condition, including statements of results of operations. The current
statutory auditor is Felizardo Gastelum Felix.
ITEM 11. Compensation of Directors and Officers
For the year ended December 31, 1998, the aggregate compensation of the
directors and executive officers of the Company paid or accrued in that year for
services in such capacities was approximately Ps.11.5 million.
ITEM 12. Options to Purchase Securities from Registrant or Subsidiaries.
None.
ITEM 13. Interest of Management in Certain Transactions.
It is the policy of Bachoco not to engage in any transaction with or for
the benefit of any stockholder or member of the Board of Directors, or any
entity controlled by such a person or in which such a person has a substantial
economic interest, unless (i) the transaction is related to the business of
Bachoco and (ii) the price and other terms are at least as favorable to Bachoco
as those that could be obtained on an arm's-length basis from a third party.
Bachoco has engaged in a variety of transactions with entities owned by
members of the Robinson Bours family, all of which management believes were
consistent with this policy and not material to Bachoco's business and results
of operations. These transactions are summarized below. See Note 3 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Bachoco regularly purchases vehicles and related equipment from
distributors owned by various members of the Robinson Bours family. The total
amount spent on such purchases was Ps.34.0 million, Ps.46.9 million and Ps.46.0
million for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. The
distribution of vehicles and related equipment is a highly competitive business
in the areas in which Bachoco operates. Bachoco is not dependent on affiliated
distributors and is able to ensure that the pricing and service it obtains from
affiliated distributors are competitive with those available from other
suppliers.
The Robinson Bours Stockholders own Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de
C.V., ("TAN") an air transport company that provides transportation for members
of the Board of Directors to and from meetings at the Company's headquarters in
Celaya. The Company paid TAN Ps.3.8 million, Ps.2.8 million and Ps.2.6 million
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively, for such
transportation.
Bachoco sells feed to three egg and swine enterprises owned by the family
of Alfonso Robinson Bours Almada, the family of Mario Javier Robinson Bours and
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, respectively. Revenues from such sales were Ps.11.7
million, Ps.0.7 million and Ps.0.2 million for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Bachoco purchased feed and packaging
materials from enterprises owned by the family of Enrique Robinson Bours and the
family of Juan Bautista Robinson Bours. The cost of such purchases was Ps.71.0
million, Ps.85.0 million and Ps.124.4 million for the years ended December 31,
1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
PART II.
ITEM 14. Description of Securities to be Registered.
None.
PART III.
ITEM 15. Default Upon Senior Securities.
None.
ITEM 16. Changes in Securities and Change in Security for Registered
Securities.
None.
PART IV.
ITEM 17. Financial Statements.
The Company has responded to Item 18, in lieu of responding to this Item.
ITEM 18. Financial Statements.
See Item 19 for a list of financial statements filed under Item 18.
<PAGE>
ITEM 19. Financial Statements.
Consolidated Financial Statements of Industrias Bachoco,
S.A. de C.V. and Subsidiaries
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Pages
-----
Report of Independent Auditors. F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 F-3
Consolidates Statements of Income for the years ended
December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 F-4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
of the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 F-5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Financial Position
for the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements F-8
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts F-25
<PAGE>
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
To the Stockholders of
Industrias Bachoco, S.A de C.V.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Industrias
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1997 and 1998, and the
related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders' equity and
changes in financial position for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 1998. These financial statements, which have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico, are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in Mexico, which are substantially the same as those followed in the United
States of America. Such standards require that we plan and perform the audit to
obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of
material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of
Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., and subsidiaries at December 31, 1997 and
1998, and the consolidated results of their operations and changes in their
financial position for each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
1998, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico,
which differ in certain respects from those followed in the United States of
America (see Note 13).
Mancera, S.C.
Member of
Ernst & Young International
Felizardo Gastelum Felix
Mexico City, Mexico
February 15, 1999.
<PAGE>
INDUSTRIA BACHOCO, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Thousands of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31
--------------------------------------------------
1997 1998 1998
--------------- ------------- --------------
(Thousands of
U.S. dollars)
ASSETS (Note 2)
Current assets:
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash and cash equivalents Ps 1,074,299 Ps 715,921 $ 72,491
Accounts receivable:
Trade 201,743 190,016 19,240
Related parties -- Note 3 2,461 - -
Value added and other recoverable taxes 93,439 107,062 10,841
Inventories -- Note 4 938,226 948,790 96,070
Prepaid expenses and other 31,760 48,255 4,886
------------- ------------- ------------
Total current assets 2,341,928 2,010,044 203,528
------------- ------------- ------------
Property, plant and equipment -- Note 5 3,289,323 3,993,550 404,370
Other assets -- Note 11 31,155 31,281 3,167
------------- ------------- ------------
TOTAL ASSETS Ps 5,662,406 Ps 6,034,875 $ 611,065
============= ============= ============
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Notes payable to banks -- Note 6 Ps 315,496 Ps 6,510 $ 659
Current portion of long-term debt -- Note 6 75,203 108,410 10,977
Accounts payable to suppliers 145,199 143,457 14,526
Related parties -- Note 3 10,577 15,063 1,525
Taxes payable and other accruals 78,569 69,371 7,024
------------- ------------- ------------
Total current liabilities 625,044 342,811 34,711
------------- ------------- ------------
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt -- Note 6 153,783 274,972 27,843
Labor obligations -- Note 11 32,279 32,663 3,307
------------- ------------- ------------
Total long-term liabilities 186,062 307,635 31,150
------------- ------------- ------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES 811,106 650,446 65,861
------------- ------------- ------------
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY -- Note 7
Capital stock 1,392,876 1,392,876 141,036
Paid-in capital 375,358 375,358 38,007
Retained earnings 3,422,649 4,115,404 416,708
Stock repurchase reserve - 184,390 18,671
Net income for the year 1,070,956 917,449 92,897
Deficit from restatement of stockholders'
equity (1,430,797) (1,624,279) (164,467)
Minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment -- Note 11 (5,498) - -
------------- ------------- ------------
Total majority stockholders' equity 4,825,544 5,361,198 542,852
------------- ------------- ------------
Minority interest 25,756 23,231 2,352
------------- ------------- ------------
Total stockholders' equity 4,851,300 5,384,429 545,204
------------- ------------- ------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER
EQUITY Ps 5,662,406 Ps 6,034,875 $ 611,065
============= ============= ============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
<PAGE>
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Thousands of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1998
----------------- --------------- ---------------- --------------
(Thousands of
U.S. dollars)
((Note 2)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales Ps 4,944,190 Ps 5,224,777 Ps 5,322,620 $ 538,945
Cost of sales (3,888,537) (3,716,015) (3,836,065) (388,423)
Selling, general and
administrative expenses (448,117) (490,047) (530,829) (53,749)
----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
Operating income 607,536 1,018,715 955,726 96,773
Comprehensive financing (cost) income:
Interest income 63,695 113,624 220,890 22,366
Interest expense (129,163) (66,890) (28,381) (2,874)
----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
Net (65,468) 46,734 192,509 19,492
Foreign exchange (loss) gain (24,283) 6,743 (47,031) (4,762)
Gain (loss) on net monetary position 145,560 13,691 (138,047) (13,978)
----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
55,809 67,168 7,431 752
----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
Other income (expense), net 11,632 16,718 (3,989) (404)
----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
Income before provision for income tax,
asset tax, employee profit sharing and
minority interest 674,977 1,102,601 959,168 97,121
Income tax -- Note 8 (753) (22,136) (37,307) (3,778)
Asset tax -- Note 8 (363) (119) (219) (22)
Employee profit sharing -- Note 8 (419) (455) (665) (67)
----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
Income before minority interest 673,442 1,079,891 920,977 93,254
Minority interest (6,203) (8,935) (3,528) (357)
----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------
NET INCOME Ps 667,239 Ps 1,070,956 Ps 917,449 $ 92,897
=================== ================ ================ ================
Weighted average units outstanding 284,475 288,749 300,000 300,000
(in thousands)
NET INCOME PER UNIT Ps 2.35 Ps 3.71 Ps 3.06 $ 0.31
=================== ================ =============== ===============
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
<PAGE>
INDUSTRIAS BANCHOCO, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
(Thousands of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Minimum
seniority Deficit from
premium restatement of Total majority Total
Net liability stockholders' stockholders' Minority stockholders'
income adjustment equity equity interest equity
------ ---------- ------ ------ -------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 Ps 137,938 Ps - Ps (732,357) Ps 3,511,305 Ps 21,452 Ps 3,532,757
Transfer of prior year net income (137,938) - - - - -
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary assets - - (492,600) (492,600) (3,835) (496,435)
Minimum seniority premium
liability adjustment --Note 11 (3,508) - (3,508) - (3,508)
Net income for the year 667,239 - - 667,239 6,203 673,442
--------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1996 667,239 (3,508) (1,224,957) 3,682,436 23,820 3,706,256
Issuance of common stock - - - 384,873 - 384,873
Transfer of prior year net income (667,239) - - - - -
Cash dividends paid - - - (104,891) - (104,891)
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary assets - - (205,840) (205,840) (6,999) (212,839)
Minimum seniority premium
liability adjustment --Note 11 - (1,990) - (1,990) - (1,990)
Net income for the year 1,070,956 - - 1,070,956 8,935 1,079,891
--------------- ------------- ------------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December 31, 1997 1,070,956 (5,498) (1,430,797) 4,825,544 25,756 4,851,300
Transfer of prior year net income (1,070,956) - - - - -
Cash dividends paid - - - (193,811) - (193,811)
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary assets - - (193,482) (193,482) (6,053) (199,535)
Stock repurchase reserve - - - - - -
Minimum seniority premium
liability adjustment --Note 11 - 5,498 - 5,498 - 5,498
Net income for the year 917,449 - - 917,449 3,528 920,977
--------------- --------------------------- ----------- ----------- -----------
Balance at December
31, 1998 --Note 7 Ps 917,449 Ps - Ps (1,624,279) Ps 5,361,198 Ps 23,231 Ps 5,384,429
=============== ============= ============= ============ ========== ============
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN FINANCIAL POSITION
(Thousands of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year ended December 31
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Thousands
of
U.S. dollars)
(Note 2)
--------------- --------------- ----------------
1996 1997 1998 1998
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: --------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net income Ps 667,239 Ps 1,070,956 Ps 917,449 $ 92,897
Adjustments to reconcile net income to resources
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 113,934 118,036 130,677 13,232
--------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
781,173 1,188,992 1,048,126 106,129
Accounts receivable (13,797) 27,033 11,727 1,187
Inventories (486,681) (45,616) (204,046) (20,661)
Prepaid expenses and other accounts receivable (13,923) (434) (27,658) (2,801)
Accounts payable to suppliers 33,982 (63,034) (1,742) (176)
Taxes payable and other accruals 16,885 16,866 1,169 118
--------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
RESOURCES PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES 317,639 1,123,807 827,576 83,796
FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from long-term debt 251,696 95,353 355,935 36,040
Proceeds from notes payable to banks 1,067,428 830,191 627,703 63,558
Repayment of long-term debt and notes payable (1,180,824) (1,115,459) (1,052,800) (106,602)
Constant peso effect on notes payable to banks
and long term-debt (197,096) (115,436) (85,426) (8,650)
Cash dividends paid - (104,891) (193,811) (19,624)
Issuance of common stock - 384,873 - -
--------------- ------------ ------------ ----------------
RESOURCES USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES (58,796) (25,369) (348,399) (35,278)
INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (249,265) (264,154) (834,904) (84,538)
Minority interest 2,369 1,936 (2,525) (255)
Other assets (8,714) 4,489 (126) (13)
--------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
RESOURCES USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES (255,610) (257,729) (837,555) (84,806)
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 3,233 840,709 (358,378) (36,288)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT
BEGINNING OF PERIOD 230,357 233,590 1,074,299 108,779
--------------- --------------- ---------------- ----------------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT
END OF PERIOD Ps 233,590 Ps 1,074,299 Ps 715,921 $ 72,491
=============== =============== ================ ================
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
<PAGE>
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A. DE C.V.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
(Thousands of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998,
except per unit amounts)
1. Organization and Business Activity
Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries (collectively "Bachoco" or the
"Company") are engaged in the breeding, processing and marketing of poultry
(chicken and eggs) and other products (principally swine). Poultry sales
represent 96% of net sales. All sales activities are carried out in Mexico,
mainly through retailers and wholesalers.
2. Accounting Policies and Practices
The accompanying financial statements are prepared in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles in Mexico. The principal accounting policies and
practices followed by Bachoco in the preparation of its consolidated financial
statements are discussed below:
Estimates in financial statements
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates
and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ
from these estimates.
Concentration of Risk
The Company invests a portion of its surplus cash in cash deposits in financial
institutions with strong credit ratings and has established guidelines relating
to diversification and maturities that maintain safety and liquidity. The
Company has not experienced any losses on its cash equivalents. The Company does
not believe it has significant concentrations of credit risks in its accounts
receivable because the Company's customer base is geographically diverse, thus
spreading the credit risk.
Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Industrias
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. The ownership
interests of other stockholders in such subsidiaries are reflected as minority
interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated in consolidation.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the following
consolidated subsidiaries at December 31, 1997 and 1998:
Percentage equity
interest
----------------
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. ("BSACV") ........................... 100%
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. .......... 100
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. ........ 100
SECBA, S.A. de C.V. ....................................... 100
SEPETEC, S.A. de C.V. ..................................... 100
Acuicola Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. ............................ 100
Huevo y Derivados, S.A. de C.V. ........................... 97
Avipecuaria de Servicios, S.A. de C.V. .................... 96
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. ...................... 64
Recognition of the effects of inflation on financial information
The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in
accordance with Bulletin B-10, "Accounting Recognition of the Effects of
Inflation on Financial Information," as amended, issued by the Mexican Institute
of Public Accountants (the "Mexican Institute,") which recognizes the effects of
inflation. The Third Amendment to Bulletin B-10 requires the restatement of all
financial statements to constant Mexican pesos as of the date of the latest
balance sheet reported on.
The accompanying financial statements and notes were restated in constant
Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998, as follows :
o The consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of
changes in stockholder's equity and changes in financial position have
been restated in constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998, using
the Mexican National Consumer Price Index (the "NCPI") published by
Banco de Mexico, and
o The consolidated statements of income have been restated in constant
Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998, using the NCPI for the month in
which the transactions (income and expenses) occurred.
The NCPI as of December 31, 1996, 1997, 1998 and the rate of inflation for the
years then ended were :
Rate of
NCPI Inflation
for the year
-------------- -----------------
December 31, 1996 ................. 200.3880 27.70%
December 31, 1997 ................. 231.8860 15.72
December 31, 1998 ................. 275.0380 18.60
The significant effects of Bulletin B-10 are described below:
Deficit from restatement of stockholders' equity
This account consists of the accumulated gains and losses on net monetary
position at the time the provisions of Bulletin B-10 were first applied (1984)
and the subsequent gain or loss from holding nonmonetary assets, principally
property, plant and equipment and inventories. A gain or loss from holding
nonmonetary assets originates when the replacement cost of these assets is
higher or lower than the cost of these assets restated by the NCPI.
Comprehensive financing (cost) income
Comprehensive financing (cost) income includes interest income and expense,
exchange gains and losses, and gains and losses on net monetary position.
Foreign exchange gains and losses on transactions denominated in a currency
other than Mexican peso result from fluctuations in exchange rates from the date
transactions occur to the time of settlement or valuation of the receivable or
payable at the end of the period.
Gains and losses on net monetary position are computed by applying the NCPI
inflation rate to the average net monetary long or short position.
Cash equivalents
Cash equivalents are carried at cost plus accrued interest, which approximates
market value. Cash equivalents are highly liquid and have maturities of ninety
days or less when acquired.
Accounts receivable
The Company periodically and systematically reviews the aging and collection of
its accounts receivable. As a result of this procedure, the Company set up an
allowance for doubtful accounts of Ps 11,850 and Ps 14,107 as of December 31,
1997 and 1998, respectively.
The recoverable value added tax is related to purchases of certain raw
materials, property, plant and equipment and services charged by suppliers. The
value added tax on these purchases may be recovered.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at average cost, which approximates estimated replacement
cost, not in excess of net realizable value. Declines in productivity of breeder
birds and swine are estimated based on expected future production and deducted
from inventories.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment were carried at replacement cost determined
annually by an independent appraiser through 1996. The fifth amendment to
Bulletin B-10 (as modified), which is applicable to financial statements for
periods beginning on or after January 1, 1997 disallows the use of appraisals.
Based on such amendment, the Company restated the appraisal value at December
31, 1996 and property, plant and equipment purchases since January 1, 1997,
using the NCPI. Comprehensive financing cost related to the construction in
progress, is capitalized during the installation or preoperating period and
amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets.
Labor obligations
Under Mexican labor law, employees are entitled to a compensation payment
("seniority premium") upon death, dismissal or at retirement after 15 or more
years of service. Bachoco accounts for this obligation in accordance with
Bulletin D-3 ("Labor Obligations") issued by the Mexican Institute;
consequently, seniority premium costs are recognized periodically during the
years of service by employees, based on actuarial computations.
Also, in accordance with Mexican labor law the Company is contingently liable
for severance payments to employees who are unjustifiably dismissed. Such
payments are charged to income in the year in which the decision to dismiss an
employee is made.
On September 1, 1996, Bachoco established a defined benefits pension plan which
has been accounted for in accordance with the requirements of Bulletin D-3. This
Bulletin defines, among other things, the accounting treatment of pensions and
seniority premiums.
Income taxes and employee profit sharing
Provisions for income taxes are computed in accordance with the
partial-liability method, as prescribed by Bulletin D-4. When applicable,
deferred income taxes are provided for identifiable, non-recurring temporary
differences (those expected to reverse over a known period of time) at rates in
effect at the end of the period covered by the financial statements.
Employee profit sharing is a statutory labor obligation payable to employees. It
is determined on the basis of each individual company's pre-tax income as
adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the Mexican labor and income tax
laws.
Revenue recognition
Revenues are recognized when earned, upon the delivery of products sold to
customers.
Earnings per unit
Net income per unit has been computed based on the weighted average number of
units outstanding, giving retroactive effect to an increase in the number of
shares outstanding at April, 1997, as a result of a stock split and the creation
of the units (see Note 7).
Convenience translation
United States dollar amounts as of December 31, 1998, shown in the accompanying
consolidated financial statements, have been included solely for the convenience
of the reader and translated from pesos as a matter of arithmetic computation
only, at an exchange rate of Ps 9.876 to $1.00 U.S. dollar, which was the
exchange rate at December 31, 1998. Such translation should not be construed as
a representation that the Mexican peso amounts could have been or could be
converted into U.S. dollars at this or any other rate.
Consolidated statement of changes in financial position
Bulletin B-12 issued by the Mexican Institute establishes the appropriate
presentation of the statement of changes in financial position when the
financial statements have been restated in constant pesos in accordance with
Bulletin B-10. Bulletin B-12 identifies the sources and applications of
resources representing differences between the beginning and ending financial
statement balances in constant pesos. Also, according to this Bulletin, the
foreign exchange gain or loss, and the gain on net monetary positions are not
presented as resources provided by operating activities.
3. Related Parties
A summary of related party accounts receivable is as follows:
1997 1998
------------ ---------
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. ............. Ps 1,201 Ps -
Productora Avicola Tepeyac, S.A. ............. 493 -
Others ....................................... 767 -
------------ ---------
Ps 2,461 Ps -
============ =========
A summary of related party accounts payable is as follows :
1997 1998
------------ ---------
Vegetales y Pigmentos Naturales, S.A. de C.V. Ps 573 Ps 1,106
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. ........... 1,636 772
Maquinaria Agricola, S.A. de C.V. ............ -- 1,375
Productos Deshidratados de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 551 632
Qualiplast S.A. de C.V. ...................... 339 182
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. ........................ 7,272 10,921
Others ....................................... 206 75
------------ ---------
Ps 10,577 Ps 15,063
============ =========
All of these companies are owned by the same group of stockholders, and all
intercompany transactions are of a business nature.
In the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, the Company had the
following material transactions with related parties :
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
----------------- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Airplane leasing expenses.......................... Ps 3,753 Ps 2,848 2,571
Purchases of vehicles, tires and spare parts....... 34,011 46,923 45,980
Purchases of egg................................... 1,439 - -
Purchases of feed and raw materials and
packing supplies............................... 70,979 85,050 124,439
Sales of feed material............................. 11,741 710 240
</TABLE>
4. Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
--------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C>
Layer and breeder hens and grow-out
flocks.......................................... Ps 490,810 Ps 516,696
Processed chicken and commercial eggs............... 44,828 72,671
Swine............................................... 45,820 40,316
Feed material and other............................. 417,578 384,095
Allowance for productivity declines................. (60,810) (64,988)
--------------- --------------
Ps 938,226 Ps 948,790
=============== ==============
</TABLE>
5. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Remaining
useful lives 1997 1998
---------------- ------------------ -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Land................................................ - Ps 321,839 Ps 331,208
Buildings, farm structures and equipment............ 14-34 years 3,644,386 3,964,701
Office, furniture and equipment..................... 4-7 48,348 54,244
Transportation equipment............................ 4-8 447,377 521,623
Construction in progress............................ - 231,023 638,213
------------------ -------------------
Ps 4,692,973 Ps 5,509,989
Accumulated depreciation............................ (1,403,650) (1,516,439)
------------------ -------------------
Total............................................... Ps 3,289,323 Ps 3,993,550
================== ===================
</TABLE>
As described in Note 2, the Company capitalizes comprehensive financing cost on
assets under construction during the construction period. The net financing cost
capitalized during 1996, 1997 and 1998 was: Ps 2,970, Ps 1,534 and Ps 36,848,
respectively.
6. Notes Payable to Banks and Long-term Debt
Notes payable to banks and long-term debt consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
-------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Notes payable to banks:
Secured by inventories:
Denominated in Mexican pesos, variable interest rates
1997: 17.92% to 27.17%................................... Ps 2,065 Ps -
Unsecured:
Denominated in U.S. dollars, variable interest rates
1997: 6.61% to 8.41%; 1998: 5.87% to 8.41%.............. 313,431 6,510
-------------- -------------
Total........................................................ Ps 315,496 Ps 6,510
============== =============
</TABLE>
The weighted average interest rate on short-term debt in 1997 and 1998 was 7.68%
and 7.65%, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on the Company's
short-term debt as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 was 7.54% and 7.01%,
respectively.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998
-------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
Long-term debt to banks:
Secured by equipment:
Denominated in Mexican pesos repayable in monthly
installments from 1999 through 2003; variable
interest rates 1997: 17.92% to 29.50%;
1998: 17.95% to 42.33%................................... Ps 51,755 Ps 17,149
Denominated in U.S. dollars, repayable in semi-
annual installments from 2001 through 2003;
variable interest rates 1997: 6.03% to 9.91%
1998: 5.16% to 10.25%..................................... 177,231 366,233
-------------- -------------
Total......................................................... 228,986 383,382
Less current portion.......................................... (75,203) (108,410)
---------------------------------
Total long-term debt.......................................... Ps 153,783 Ps 274,972
============== =============
</TABLE>
Maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year 1997 1998
---- -------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C>
1998.......................................... Ps. 75,203 Ps. -
1999.......................................... 62,647 108,410
2000.......................................... 45,269 93,758
2001.......................................... 38,992 87,552
2002.......................................... 6,875 73,311
2003.......................................... - 20,351
-------------- -------------
Ps 228,986 Ps 383,382
============== =============
</TABLE>
Weighted average interest rates on debt in 1997 and 1998 were approximately
13.23% and 8.95%, respectively. The weighted average interest rate on the
Company's total debt as of December 31, 1997 and 1998 was 9.34% and 7.35%,
respectively.
At December 31, 1997 and 1998, uncommitted lines of credit totaled Ps 1,827,174
and Ps 2,134,079, respectively. The Company paid commitment fees of Ps 70,708 in
1997, equal to 0.25% per annum on its committed but unused line of credit. In
1998, the Company used its entire committed line of credit. No commitment fees
were paid by the Company in 1996 and 1998.
The book value of assets collateralizing long-term debt was Ps 1,009,947 at
December 31, 1997 and Ps 459,070 at December 31, 1998.
The Company's long-term debt agreements generally contain, among other
provisions, requirements to maintain certain working capital and other financial
ratios and restrictions on the payment of cash dividends, none of which are
expected to restrict future operations. The Company is in compliance with these
provisions. These agreements were entered into by BSACV.
7. Stockholders' Equity
Bachoco's capital structure at December 31, 1996 was :
Series B fixed capital shares authorized and
outstanding.................................. 106,678,125
Series L fixed capital shares authorized and
outstanding.................................. 35,559,375
-----------
Total shares................................... 142,237,500
===========
Series L shares have limited voting rights.
On April 21, 1997, the Company declared a stock split of 4 to 1 of the Series B
and Series L shares and restructured its capital by converting 1,940,625 Series
L shares (7,762,500 on a post-split basis) into Series B shares. Following the
stock split and restructuring, the shares outstanding were as follows:
Series B fixed capital shares.................. 434,475,000
Series L fixed capital shares.................. 134,475,000
-----------
Total shares................................... 568,950,000
===========
Concurrently, with the stock split, Bachoco combined its shares to create
134,475,000 Units, each consisting of one series B share and one series L share,
and 150,000,000 B Units, each consisting of two series B shares. The total
number of Units and B Units at April 21, 1997 were as follows:
Units.......................................... 134,475,000
B Units........................................ 150,000,000
-----------
Total.......................................... 284,475,000
Units offered to the public on
September 19, 1997 .......................... 13,500,000
Additional Units sold on October 15, 1997 upon
exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment
option ...................................... 2,025,000
-----------
Total Units and B Units at December 31, 1997
and 1998....................................... 300,000,000
===========
All per unit amounts in the financial statements have been restated to reflect
this stock split.
In 1997 and 1998, the Company declared and paid cash dividends at nominal value
of Ps 80,699 and Ps 173,479 (Ps 104,891 and Ps 193,811 in constant Mexican
pesos) or Ps 0.28 and Ps 0.58 per unit in nominal pesos.
The Mexican Corporation Act requires that at least 5% of each year's net income
be appropriated to increase the legal reserve until such reserve is equal to 20%
of capital stock issued and outstanding. The balance of the legal reserve at
December 31, 1998, included in retained earnings was Ps 124,847.
The Company approved a stock repurchase plan in 1998, in conformity with the
Mexican Securities Act providing a stock repurchase reserve for that purpose of
Ps 180,000 (Ps 184,390 constant Mexican pesos) through a charge to retained
earnings. No shares were repurchased in 1998.
8. Income Tax, Asset Tax and Employee Profit Sharing
The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns. Since
January 1,1991, BSACV, the Company's principal operating subsidiary, has been
subject to payment of corporate income tax under the provisions of the
simplified statutory regime, which is applicable to a company engaged in
agriculture, transportation and certain other activities, that derives no more
than 10% of its net sales from the production of "processed" products, as
defined in the law. The simplified regime is part of Mexico's internal revenue
code and can only be amended through an amendment to the current tax law, which
requires the approval of the Mexican Congress.
Under the simplified regime, a company determines its taxable income using a
comprehensive system for reporting transactions that differs altogether from the
ordinary method of determining taxable income. Under the simplified regime,
income tax is payable only on the amount of certain types of transactions,
including the payment of dividends, the making of loans and payments not
properly supported by documentation necessary to support deductibility under
general tax legislation. Under the simplified regime, the effective tax rate on
the payment of dividends from BSACV to the Company was 20.48% for 1996, 1997 and
1998 and will be 21.21% for 1999. The Company is taxed on the dividends it pays
to stockholders only to the extent such dividends exceed the net tax profit
account (CUFIN), which consists of earnings on which Mexican corporate income
taxes have already been paid. At December 31, 1998, the Company had Ps. 2,848 in
its CUFIN account.
The general effect of the simplified regime, together with the policies applied
by Bachoco's management, is that BSACV does not pay material income tax unless
it makes distributions to the Company. BSACV accounts for most of the revenues
and net income of Bachoco. For the years 1996 through 1998, pretax income of
BSAVC represented between 94% and 99% of Bachoco's pretax consolidated income.
Dividends on which BSACV has paid income tax will be credited to the Company's
CUFIN account and, accordingly, no further income tax will be paid arise when
such amounts are distributed as dividends to the Company stockholders. Effective
January 1, 1999, cash dividends paid to the Company's stockholders will be
subject to a tax withholding of approximately 7.60%.
In addition to income tax, the Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to
an alternative minimum tax known as asset tax, which is assessed on the net
average balances of certain assets and liabilities. Although the general rate is
1.8%, under the simplified regime, BSACV is subject to a 0.9% rate, special
rules excluding many assets from the determination of asset tax and a tax
compensation derived from the investment in assets. The net amount of assets
subject to asset tax at December 31, 1998 was Ps.59,081. The Company and its
subsidiaries are required to pay asset tax if the amount of asset tax exceeds
the computed income tax liability. In the past, because BSACV and certain other
subsidiaries have had virtually no net income tax liability, principally due to
the simplified regime, they have been subject only to asset tax. Asset tax can
be credited against income tax in subsequent years for up to ten years.
Currently, the Company has Ps. 3,648 in asset tax credits.
The Company and BSACV have no employees, but each of the subsidiaries of the
Company is required under Mexican law to pay employees, in addition to their
compensation and benefits, profit sharing in an aggregate amount equal to 10% of
such subsidiary's taxable income subject to certain adjustments.
The aggregate effective rate of income tax, asset tax and employee' profit
sharing was 0.23% in 1996, 2.06% in 1997 and 3.98% in 1998.
9. Foreign Currency Position
A summary of Bachoco's assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars (the
only foreign currency) is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
December 31
---------------------------------
1997 1998
-------------- -------------
(Thousands of
U.S. dollars)
<S> <C> <C>
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 1,108 $ 2,798
Liabilities:
Bank loans and long-term debt............................. (51,350) (37,742)
-------------- -------------
Net short position............................................. $ (50,242) $ (34,944)
============== =============
</TABLE>
As of December 31, 1997 and 1998, the exchange rates were Ps 8.07 and Ps 9.876
per dollar, respectively.
Imported U.S. dollar denominated assets included in the consolidated balance
sheets as of December 31, 1998, were:
(Thousands of
U.S. dollars)
-------------
Inventories............................................... $ 5,108
Property, plant and equipment............................. $ 43,196
Imported raw materials, in thousands of U.S. dollars, were $152,803 in 1996,
$80,708 in 1997 and $109,271 in 1998. The interest expense, in thousands of U.S.
dollars from the debt was $5,489 in 1996, $4,516 in 1997 and $4,463 in 1998.
10. Contingencies and Commitments
Bachoco has entered into operating leases for certain offices and production
sites. Most leases contain renewal options. Rental expense was as follows:
Year ended December 31
1996..................................... Ps 20,697
1997..................................... 26,551
1998..................................... 31,288
Future minimum annual rental payments under existing operating leases with
initial terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 1998 are Ps 20,719 for
each of the next four years.
11. Labor Obligations
On September 1, 1996, Bachoco introduced a defined benefit retirement pension
plan that covers all nonunionized employees. Participating employees are
required to contribute 1% of their payroll salary. Such percentage may be
increased based on years of service up to a maximum of 5%. In 1996, the Company
also adopted the policy of making annual contributions to the retirement fund.
The contributions for 1996, 1997 and 1998 were Ps 3,124, Ps 5,467 and Ps 7,221,
respectively. These contributions are considered deductible for income tax
purposes. Bachoco recognizes these labor obligations on the basis of independent
actuarial computations, using the projected unit-credit method, and the
provisions of the Bulletin D-3, "Labor Obligations," which defines the
accounting treatment of pensions and other labor obligations.
Seniority premiums accruing to employees are recognized on the basis of
independent actuarial computations, following the methodology prescribed in
Bulletin D-3. Seniority premiums accruing to employees resulted in the
recognition of a cost of Ps 3,513, Ps 1,990 and Ps 0, which was charged to
stockholders' equity, and the creation of intangible assets in the amount of Ps
1,011, Ps 976 and Ps 5,954 in 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively, which is
presented on the balance sheet under "Other assets."
The analysis of the net period cost, the funded status and the pertinent
assumptions considered in the pension plan and the seniority premium obligation
at December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996
------------ ------------ ------------
Pension Seniority
Plan Premium Total
------------ ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net period cost :
Labor cost................................................ Ps 1,084 Ps 632 Ps 1,716
Financing cost of projected benefit obligation............ 529 325 854
Return on plan assets..................................... (5) 0 (5)
Amortization of past service costs........................ 506 241 747
Cost of defined benefit plan.............................. 996 0 996
Restatement based on net period cost...................... 0 324 324
Restatement based on net period assets.................... 0 403 403
============ ============ ============
Net period cost from September 1 through December 31, 1996
(pension plan) and January 1 through December 31, 1996
(seniority premium) .................................. Ps 3,110 Ps 1,925 Ps 5,035
============ ============ ============
Labor obligations :
Accumulated vested benefit obligations.................... Ps 6,469 Ps 5,729 Ps 12,198
============ ============ ============
Projected benefit obligations............................. Ps 35,302 Ps 9,021 Ps 44,323
Plan assets............................................... (3,615) 0 (3,615)
Unrecognized prior service cost........................... (31,753) (1,008) (32,761)
Actuarial (gain) not recognized........................... 0 (5,673) (5,673)
------------ ------------ ------------
Accrued (prepaid) pension cost............................ Ps (66) Ps 2,340 Ps 2,274
------------ ------------ ------------
Unfunded accumulated benefit obligations.................. Ps 26,835 Ps 6,864 Ps 33,699
------------ ------------ ------------
Additional liability...................................... 26,901 4,524 31,425
------------ ------------ ------------
Intangible assets......................................... Ps 26,901 Ps 1,011 Ps 27,912
============ ------------ ============
Minimum seniority premium liability adjustment
(charged to equity).................................... Ps 3,513
============
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997
------------ ------------ ------------
Pension Seniority
Plan Premium Total
------------ ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net period cost :
Labor cost................................................... Ps 2,723 Ps 812 Ps 3,535
Return on plan assets........................................ (180) 0 (180)
Amortization of past service costs........................... 1,530 342 1,872
Cost of defined benefit plan................................. 1,394 399 1,793
Restatement based on net period cost......................... 0 280 280
Restatement based on net period assets....................... 0 356 356
------------ ------------ ------------
Net period cost.............................................. Ps 5,467 Ps 2,189 Ps 7,656
============ ============ ============
Labor obligations :
Accumulated vested benefit obligation........................ Ps 7,506 Ps 7,472 Ps 14,978
============ ============ ============
Projected benefit obligation................................. Ps 32,492 Ps 9,953 Ps 42,445
Plan assets.................................................. (8,513) 0 (8,513)
Unrecognized prior service cost.............................. (27,045) (973) (28,018)
Actuarially determined loss not recognized................... (52) (6,421) (6,473)
------------ ------------ ------------
Accrued (prepaid) pension cost............................... Ps (3,118) Ps 2,559 Ps (559)
------------ ------------ ------------
Unfunded accumulated benefit obligation...................... Ps 20,126 Ps 9,035 Ps 29,161
------------ ------------ ------------
Additional liability......................................... 23,244 6,476 29,720
------------ ------------ ------------
Intangible assets............................................ Ps 23,244 Ps 976 Ps 24,220
============ ------------ ============
Minimum seniority premium liability adjustment
(charged to equity)....................................... Ps 1,990
===========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998
------------ ------------ ------------
Pension Seniority
Plan Premium Total
------------ ----------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net period cost :
Labor cost................................................... Ps 3,839 Ps 936 Ps 4,775
Return on plan assets........................................ (575) 0 (575)
Amortization of past service costs........................... 1,357 384 1,741
Cost of defined benefit plan................................. 1,769 512 2,281
Restatement based on net period cost......................... 831 238 1,069
------------ ------------ -----------
Net period cost.............................................. Ps 7,221 Ps 2,070 Ps 9,291
============ ============== ===========
Labor obligations :
Accumulated vested benefit obligation........................ Ps 15,926 Ps 8,158 Ps 24,084
============ ============ ===========
Projected benefit obligation................................. Ps 38,347 Ps 10,627 Ps 48,974
Plan assets.................................................. (13,221) 0 (13,221)
Unrecognized prior service cost.............................. (22,063) (6,837) (28,900)
------------ ------------ -----------
Accrued (prepaid) pension cost............................... 3,063 3,790 6,853
------------ ------------ -----------
Unfunded accumulated benefit obligation...................... Ps 32,079 Ps 9,744 Ps 41,823
------------ ------------ -----------
Additional liability......................................... Ps 18,858 Ps 5,954 Ps 24,812
------------ ------------ -----------
Intangible assets............................................ Ps 18,858 Ps 5,954 Ps 24,812
============ ------------ ===========
</TABLE>
Plan assets are represented by 70% fixed-income and 30% variable-income
deposits. The fair value of plan assets is the same as their carrying value.
The intangible assets are included on the balance sheet as part of Other assets.
The seniority premium cost for 1996, 1997 and 1998 was Ps 1,927, Ps 2,189 and Ps
2,070, respectively.
The transition liability, the past service cost and the variances in actuarial
assumptions will be amortized in a period ranging from 21 to 25 years (the
average remaining working life of employees).
The real rates considered in the actuarial study were in 1997 and 1998 as
follows:
Labor obligations discount......................... 5.00%
Future salary increases............................ from 1.00 to 2.5 %
Return on assets................................... 6.50%
12. Year 2000 issue (unaudited)
The Company has continued to make the necessary changes in its automated systems
in order to become year 2000 compliant. The amounts already expensed and
expected to be incurred for this purpose are not material.
13. Differences Between Mexican and United States Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles
Bachoco's consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico ("Mexican GAAP"), which
differ in certain significant respects from United States generally accepted
accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP").
The following reconciliation to U.S. GAAP does not include the reversal of the
adjustments to the financial statements for the effects of inflation required
under Bulletin B-10, as amended. The application of Bulletin B-10 represents a
comprehensive measure of the effect of price level changes in the inflationary
Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than
financial reporting based on historical cost for both Mexican and U.S.
accounting principles.
The principal differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP, as they relate to
the Company, are listed below, with an explanation, where appropriate, of the
adjustments that affect consolidated operating income, net income, stockholders'
equity and resources provided by operating and financing activities for each of
the years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998.
Deferred income taxes and employee profit sharing
Under Mexican GAAP, deferred income taxes are provided for identifiable
non-recurring temporary differences (those expected to reverse over a known
period of time) at rates in effect at the end of the period covered by the
financial statement. Benefits from loss carryforwards are not allowed to be
recognized before the period in which the carryforward is utilized. For purposes
of this reconciliation, Bachoco has applied Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes" ("SFAS 109"), for all periods
presented, which requires that deferred income taxes be determined using the
liability method for all temporary differences between financial reporting
amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and that deferred taxes on
such differences be measured at the enacted income tax rates for the year in
which such taxes will be payable or refundable.
As described in Note 8, the Company is taxed under the simplified regime.
Consequently, the general procedure for computing deferred taxes on the
difference between the balance sheet for accounting and for tax purposes is not
applicable. Instead, deferred taxes were computed on the differences between
stockholders' equity for accounting and tax purposes, at the rate of 20.48% in
1996 and 1997 and 21.21% in 1998, which is the compound rate of 17% in 1996 and
1997 and 17.5% in 1998, the taxable transactions have for income tax purposes.
The effect of the change in rate is reflected in net income of 1998 Ps 4,643.
Deferred taxes were allocated to income based on the 20.48% in 1996 and 1997 and
21.21% in 1998, of pretax income, net of income tax actually paid. The
difference between the deferred tax amount taken to income and the net change in
the deferred taxes balance was allocated to equity. This charge to equity is
basically related to the deficit from restatement of stockholders' equity and
others inflationary effects on the tax computation.
It is assumed that all retained earnings will be distributed to the
stockholders' and, accordingly, will give rise to income tax under the
simplified regime. Under Mexican tax legislation until 1998, income tax paid on
dividends is a corporate tax and not an individual tax. Effective January 1,
1999, in addition to the corporate tax cash dividends paid to the Company's
stockholders will be subject to a withholding tax of approximately 7.60% as an
individual tax withholding.
In addition, as described in Note 8, under Mexican labor law, the Company is
required to pay employee profit sharing. As of December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998,
there is no deferred employee profit sharing that needs to be recognized in
accordance with SFAS 109.
Capitalized financing cost
Under Mexican GAAP, capitalization of comprehensive financing cost on assets
under construction or in the pre-operating stage is allowed but not required.
Bachoco has elected to capitalize such comprehensive financing cost. Under U.S.
GAAP, interest expense accrued during the construction period on qualifying
expenditures must be considered an additional cost to be capitalized. For U.S.
GAAP purposes, when the financing is in pesos, the monetary gain is included in
this computation. When the financing is denominated in U.S. dollars, only the
interest is capitalized.
The devaluation loss capitalized in assets under construction as part of the net
financing cost in accordance with Mexican GAAP, was Ps 72,147 and the monetary
gain on financing in foreign currencies was Ps 62,451 in 1998. These amounts,
related to the devaluation loss and monetary gain, were included in the amount
capitalized in assets under construction or preoperation for Mexican GAAP
purposes, and were applied to income for U.S. GAAP purposes. There was no
application for this concept in 1996 and 1997.
Minority interest
For U.S. GAAP purposes, minority interest of Ps 25,756 and Ps 23,231 at December
31, 1997 and 1998, respectively, was excluded from the stockholders' equity.
Effect of inflation accounting on U.S. GAAP adjustments
To determine the net effect on the consolidated financial statements of
recognizing the adjustments, it is necessary to recognize the effects of
applying Mexican GAAP inflation accounting provisions (described in Note 2) to
the U.S. GAAP adjustments. As of December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998, the monetary
gain on deferred taxes was included in income for U.S. GAAP reconciliation
purposes.
Earnings per Share
In February 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement No.
128, "Earnings per Share", which the Company adopted in its financial statements
during the year ended December 31, 1997, for purposes of presenting earnings per
unit under U.S. GAAP. Statement 128 requires the restatement of all prior period
amounts.
Effect of Statement 130
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards
Board Statement No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." Statement 130
establishes new rules for the reporting and disclosure of comprehensive income
and its components. Comprehensive income is the change during a period in an
enterprise's equity from transactions and other events and circumstances arising
from nonowner sources, including all changes in equity except those resulting
from investments by owners and distributions to owners. However, the adoption of
this Statement had no impact on the Company's net income or stockholders'
equity. Statement 130 requires the minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment and the deficit from restatement of stockholders' equity which, prior
to adoption, were reported separately in stockholders' equity, to be included in
other comprehensive income. The required statement is presented after the
reconciliation of net income to U.S. GAAP.
Effect of Statement 131
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued the Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, "Disclosures about Segments of an
Enterprise and Related Information" (Statement 131). Statement 131 establishes
standards for the way that public business enterprises report information about
operating segments in annual financial statements. It also establishes standards
for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas, and major
customers. Statement 131 is applicable to financial statements for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 1997. The following classification is the one
regularly reviewed by the enterprise's decision makers in order to assess the
performance of the Company. The information included in other column is
basically related to swine. The disclosures required by Statement 131 are as
follows:
1996
-------------------------------------------
Poultry Other Total
-------------------------------------------
Sales Ps 4,693,549 Ps 250,641 Ps 4,944,190
Cost of goods sold 3,707,429 181,107 3,888,536
-------------------------------------------
Gross profit Ps 986,120 Ps 69,534 Ps 1,055,654
===========================================
1997
-------------------------------------------
Poultry Other Total
-------------------------------------------
Sales Ps 4,976,786 Ps 247,991 Ps 5,224,777
Cost of goods sold 3,550,350 165,665 3,716,015
-------------------------------------------
Gross profit Ps 1,426,436 Ps 82,326 Ps 1,508,762
===========================================
1998
-------------------------------------------
Poultry Other Total
-------------------------------------------
Sales Ps 5,114,029 Ps 208,592 Ps 5,322,621
Cost of goods sold 3,660,775 175,290 3,836,065
-------------------------------------------
Gross profit Ps 1,453,254 Ps 33,302 Ps 1,486,556
===========================================
The poultry segment is composed of:
1996
Chicken Eggs Total
-------------------------------------------
Sales Ps 3,990,518 Ps 703,031 Ps 4,693,549
1997
Chicken Eggs Total
-------------------------------------------
Sales Ps 4,362,480 Ps 614,306 Ps 4,976,786
1998
Chicken Eggs Total
-------------------------------------------
Sales Ps 4,603,376 Ps 510,653 Ps 5,114,029
The Company obtains all revenues from customers in Mexico.
Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107 ("SFAS
No. 107"), "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments," information
is provided about the fair value of certain financial instruments for which it
is practicable to estimate that value.
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts
payable, notes payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values,
due to the short maturity of these instruments.
The fair value of long-term debt, the estimated fair value of the current and
non-current portion of long-term debt, based on quoted market prices for the
same or similar issues or on the current rates offered to the Company for debt
of the same remaining maturities, approximate their carrying amounts.
Cash flow information
Under Mexican GAAP, the Company presents consolidated statements of changes in
financial position, as described in Note 2.
The change in the consolidated financial statement balances included in these
statements constitute cash flow activity stated in constant Mexican pesos
(including monetary and foreign exchange gains and losses).
In accordance with Mexican GAAP, the change in current and long-term debt due to
restatements in constant Mexican pesos, including the effect of exchange
differences, is presented in the statements of changes in financial position in
the financing activities section.
The gain from monetary position and the exchange gain or loss are not presented
in the operating activities section as a reconciling adjustments, as they are
included in the respective monetary asset or liability line. Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 95 ("SFAS 95"), "Statement of Cash Flows,"
however, does not provide guidance with respect to price-level restated
financial statements. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the gain from monetary position
and the devaluation loss related to debt are reclassified to the operating
activities section. The totals for the three sections of the statements of
changes in financial position under U.S. GAAP would be changed as follows :
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997 1998
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Resources provided by (used in) operating activities....... Ps 120,543 Ps 1,008,371 Ps 742,150
Resources provided by financing activities................. 138,300 90,067 (433,825)
Resources used in investing activities..................... (255,610) (257,729) (827,859)
Net resources provided by operating activities reflect cash payments for
interest and income tax as follows:....
Interest paid.............................................. 142,085 70,627 59,963
Income tax paid............................................ 1,199 23,367 37,543
</TABLE>
Summary of adjustments to reconcile Mexican and U.S. GAAP
The following is a summary of net income adjusted to take into account certain
material differences between Mexican GAAP and U.S. GAAP.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years ended December 31
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
--------------- ---------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net income as reported under Mexican GAAP........................ Ps 667,239 Ps 1,070,956 Ps 917,449
Adjustments to reconcile net income to U.S. GAAP:
Deferred income taxes............................................ (163,262) (220,687) (192,603)
Foreign exchange loss and monetary gain on financing
is U.S. dollars capitalized in assets under construction
and preoperation in Mexican GAAP............................... - - (9,696)
Depreciation on the deferred financing costs capitalized for
Mexican and U.S. GAAP......................................... 1,334 1,334 1,334
Gain on net monetary position related to deferred income
Taxes.......................................................... 132,956 84,093 118,354
-------------- ------------- ------------
Net income under U.S. GAAP....................................... Ps 638,267 Ps 935,696 Ps 834,838
--------------- ---------------- -------------
Weighted average number of units outstanding (thousands) 284,475 288,749 300,000
Net income per unit.............................................. Ps 2.24 Ps 3.24 Ps 2.78
</TABLE>
After the foregoing approximate adjustment for the depreciation of capitalized
interest and the reclassification of employee profit sharing, operating income
under U.S. GAAP would be Ps 605,782, Ps 1,019,594 and Ps 953,727 in 1996, 1997
and 1998, respectively. The employee profit sharing was reclassified in the
operating income for U.S. GAAP.
Total assets under U.S. GAAP were Ps 5,648,496 in 1997 and Ps 6,012,603 in 1998.
The difference in total assets between Mexican and U.S. GAAP is comprised of the
foreign exchange loss and the monetary gain on financing in U.S. dollars
capitalized in assets under construction and preoperation net of accumulated
depreciation.
The following is a summary of stockholders' equity adjusted to take into account
the aforementioned differences between Mexican and U.S. GAAP.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years ended December 31
--------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998
--------------- ---------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Majority stockholders equity as reported under Mexican
GAAP.......................................................... Ps 3,682,435 Ps 4,825,544 Ps 5,361,198
Adjustments to reconcile stockholders' equity to U.S. GAAP:
Accumulated differences between the financing cost
capitalized for Mexican and U.S. GAAP purposes................ (5,852) (5,852) (15,548)
Accumulated depreciation on the above items...................... (7,609) (6,274) (4,940)
Deferred income taxes............................................ (606,819) (754,354) (889,128)
------------- ------------- -------------
Stockholders' equity as reported under U.S. GAAP................. Ps 3,062,155 Ps 4,059,064 Ps 4,451,582
============= ============= =============
</TABLE>
The effects of the above adjustments on minority interest are not material.
<PAGE>
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Years ended December 31, 1996, 1997 and 1998
(Thousands of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998)
The consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity in accordance
with U.S. GAAP is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of units
of capital
stock Capital Paid in Comprehensive Retained
thousands) stock capital income earnings
---------- ----- ------- ------ --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 ............. 284,475 Ps 1,383,361 Ps -- -- Ps 2,976,570
Comprehensive income...................... -- -- -- Ps 638,267 638,267
-----------
Net income for the year................ -- -- -- -- --
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- -- -- --
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary -- -- -- --
asset................................ -- -- -- (501,794) --
Minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment........................... -- -- -- (3,508) --
-----------
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- -- (505,302) --
-----------
Comprehensive income...................... --------- ------------ -------- 132,965
------------
Balance at December 31, 1996.............. 284,475 1,383,361 -- 3,614,837
Comprehensive income ....................
Net income for the year................ -- -- -- 935,696 935,696
-----------
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- -- -- --
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary
assets............................... -- -- -- (216,782) --
Minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment........................... -- -- -- (1,990)
-----------
Other concepts from comprehensive income.. -- -- -- (218,772) --
------------
Comprehensive income ..................... -- -- -- 716,924 --
Issuance of common stock.................. 15,525 9,515 375,358
Cash dividends paid....................... -- -- -- -- (104,891)
--------- ------------ -------- ------------
Balance at December 31, 1997.............. 300,000 1,392,876 375,358 4,445,642
Comprehensive income .................... -- -- -- -- --
Net income for the year................ -- -- -- 834,838 834,838
-----------
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- -- -- --
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary
assets............................... -- -- -- (254,007) --
Minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment........................... -- -- -- 5,498 --
-----------
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- -- (248,509) (248,509)
-----------
Comprehensive income .................... -- -- -- Ps 586,329 --
===========
Stock repurchase reserve ................ -- -- -- -- (184,390)
Cash dividends paid....................... -- -- -- -- (193,811)
--------- ------------ ---------- ------------
Balance at December 31, 1998 -- Note 7... 300,000 Ps 1,392,876 Ps 375,358 Ps 4,902,279
========= ============ ========== ============
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Other Stock Total
comprehensive repurchase stockholders
income reserve equity
------ ------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Balance at December 31, 1995 ............. Ps (1,430,741) Ps -- Ps 2,929,190
Comprehensive income...................... -- -- 638,267
Net income for the year................ -- -- --
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- --
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary
asset................................ -- -- --
Minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment........................... -- -- --
Other concepts from comprehensive income (505,302) -- (505,302)
Comprehensive income...................... -- -- --
-------------- ----------- --------------
Balance at December 31, 1996.............. (1,936,043) -- 3,062,155
Comprehensive income ..................... -- -- --
Net income for the year................ -- -- 935,696
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- --
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary
assets............................... -- -- --
Minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment........................... -- -- --
Other concepts from comprehensive income.. (218,772) -- (218,772)
Comprehensive income ..................... -- -- --
Issuance of common stock.................. -- -- 384,873
Cash dividends paid....................... -- -- (104,891)
-------------- ----------- --------------
Balance at December 31, 1997.............. (2,154,815) -- 4,059,061
Comprehensive income ..................... -- -- --
Net income for the year................ -- 834,838
Other concepts from comprehensive income -- -- --
Deficit from holding of nonmonetary
assets............................... -- -- --
Minimum seniority premium liability
adjustment........................... -- -- --
Other concepts from comprehensive income (248,509) -- (248,509)
Comprehensive income ..................... -- -- --
Stock repurchase reserve ................. -- 184,390 --
Cash dividends paid....................... -- -- (193,811)
-------------- ----------- --------------
Balance at December 31, 1998 -- Note 7... Ps (2,403,324) Ps 184,390 Ps 4,451,579
============== =========== ==============
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
Schedule II
Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V.
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(Thousands of constant Mexican pesos as of December 31, 1998)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Additions
Balance at Balance
Beginning Charged to Costs Charged to at End
Description of Period and Expenses Other Accounts Deductions(1) Period
----------- --------- ------------ -------------- ---------- ------
Allowance for
doubtful accounts:
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
January 1995 10,788 5,197 (3,689) 6,841* 5,455
January 1996 5,455 10,700 (1,183) 3,030* 11,941
January 1997 11,941 7,081 (1,622) 5,550* 11,850
January 1998 11,850 6,550 (1,859) 2,434* 14,107
</TABLE>
*Accounts receivables which are
written off as uncollectible.
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchanges Act
of 1934, the registrant certifies that it meets all requirements for filing on
Form 20-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by
the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO S.A. de C.V.
By: /s/ Arquimedes Celis Ordaz
---------------------------
Arquimedes Celis Ordaz
Chief Executive Officer
Date: June 25, 1998
