<PAGE> 1
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON OCTOBER 2, 1997
REGISTRATION NO. 333-34531
================================================================================
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
------------------------
AMENDMENT NO. 3
TO
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
------------------------
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
DELAWARE 3577 33-0114967
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (PRIMARY STANDARD INDUSTRIAL (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) CLASSIFICATION CODE NUMBER) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
</TABLE>
3 JENNER STREET, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA 92618
(714) 727-1733
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF
REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
DAVID S. SILVER, CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD AND PRESIDENT
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
3 JENNER STREET
IRVINE, CALIFORNIA 92618
(714) 727-1733
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE,
OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
COPIES TO:
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
K.C. SCHAAF, ESQ. LIOR O. NUCHI, ESQ.
CHRISTOPHER D. IVEY, ESQ. WILLIAM J. NEWELL, ESQ.
WILLIAM E. GARRETT, ESQ. DAWN L. JUDD, ESQ.
MARC G. ALCSER, ESQ. WENDY M. PIZARRO, ESQ.
STRADLING, YOCCA, CARLSON & RAUTH, MCCUTCHEN, DOYLE, BROWN & ENERSEN LLP
A PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION ONE EMBARCADERO CENTER, SUITE 200
660 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, SUITE 1600 2100 GENG ROAD
NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA 92660 PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA 94303
(714) 725-4000 (415) 846-4000
</TABLE>
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box. [ ]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box
and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [ ]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement
for the same offering. [ ]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box: [ ]
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT SHALL
FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION 8(A),
MAY DETERMINE.
================================================================================
<PAGE> 2
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR
MAY OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR
THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE
SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE
UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS
OF ANY SUCH STATE.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED SEPTEMBER 19, 1997
PROSPECTUS
2,000,000 Shares
[KOFAX LOGO]
Common Stock
------------------------
Of the 2,000,000 shares of common stock (the "Common Stock"), offered
hereby, 1,300,000 shares are being sold by Kofax Image Products, Inc. ("Kofax"
or the "Company") and 700,000 shares are being sold by certain stockholders of
the Company (the "Selling Stockholders"). See "Principal and Selling
Stockholders." The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of
shares by the Selling Stockholders. Prior to this offering, there has been no
public market for the Common Stock of the Company. It is currently estimated
that the initial public offering price of the Common Stock will be between
$11.00 and $13.00 per share. See "Underwriting" for the factors to be considered
in determining the initial public offering price. Application has been made for
quotation of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"KOFX."
------------------------
THESE SECURITIES INVOLVE A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE "RISK FACTORS"
BEGINNING ON PAGE 5 FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE
CONSIDERED BY PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY.
------------------------
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR
HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE
SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR
ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION
TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
========================================================================================================
UNDERWRITING PROCEEDS TO
PRICE TO DISCOUNTS AND PROCEEDS TO SELLING
PUBLIC COMMISSIONS(1) COMPANY(2) STOCKHOLDERS
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Per Share....................... $ $ $ $
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total(3)........................ $ $ $ $
========================================================================================================
</TABLE>
(1) The Company and the Selling Stockholders have agreed to indemnify the
Underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended. See "Underwriting."
(2) Before deducting offering expenses payable by the Company, estimated at
$800,000.
(3) Certain stockholders of the Company have granted to the Underwriters a
30-day option to purchase up to an additional 300,000 shares of Common Stock
solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If the Underwriters exercise this
option in full, the total Price to Public, Underwriting Discounts and
Commissions, Proceeds to Company and Proceeds to Selling Stockholders will
be $ , $ , $ and $ , respectively. See
"Underwriting."
------------------------
The shares of Common Stock offered by this Prospectus are offered by the
several Underwriters, subject to prior sale, when, as and if delivered to and
accepted by them, and subject to the right of the Underwriters to reject orders
in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of the shares of Common Stock
will be made at the offices of Needham & Company, Inc., New York, New York, on
or about , 1997.
------------------------
NEEDHAM & COMPANY, INC. UNTERBERG HARRIS
The date of this Prospectus is , 1997
<PAGE> 3
[PICTURES]
CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN THIS OFFERING MAY ENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS
THAT STABILIZE, MAINTAIN OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK OF
THE COMPANY, INCLUDING ENTERING STABILIZING BIDS, EFFECTING SYNDICATE COVERING
TRANSACTIONS OR IMPOSING PENALTY BIDS. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES,
SEE "UNDERWRITING."
2
<PAGE> 4
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed
information, including "Risk Factors," and Consolidated Financial Statements and
Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
THE COMPANY
Kofax develops and markets hardware and software products for the imaging
and document management market. The Company has increased its revenues every
year since its founding in 1985 and believes that it is the leader in the image
processing accelerator market it has historically served. The Company also
believes that new products it has recently introduced, as well as products it
plans to introduce in the next year, will significantly expand the size of the
Company's addressable market.
Document imaging systems improve efficiencies in paper intensive industries
by converting paper documents into electronic images (a process called
"capture") and managing the routing and storage of the document images. Examples
of the beneficial use of document imaging include expediting loan application
and insurance claim processing and speeding the processing of new drug
applications to the FDA. According to International Data Corporation, software
revenue for the imaging, workflow and document management industry was
approximately $2.3 billion in 1996 and is projected to grow approximately 30%
annually over the next four years.
Kofax currently has two product lines -- component application software and
scanner enhancement products, the latter of which consists primarily of image
processing accelerators. The Company believes that both product lines are well
positioned to take advantage of several major trends in the imaging and document
management market.
- - APPLICATION SOFTWARE. The imaging and document management market is
transitioning from "closed" monolithic systems supplied by turnkey vendors to
a market where VARs and system integrators integrate a set of software
components from different vendors into complete solutions. Anticipating this
trend, Kofax began developing its Ascent family of component software in
early 1993. The first Ascent product, Ascent Capture, was designed to reduce
the cost of scanning and indexing by using automated recognition techniques.
In 1996, the Company introduced Ascent Storage, an application for managing
image repositories on optical jukeboxes. These applications can be combined
with software components from other vendors, such as document management
software from Documentum, Inc., to form complete solutions. Revenue from
Ascent products was $0.2 million in fiscal 1995, $2.1 million in fiscal 1996,
and $5.2 million in fiscal 1997. The Company expects Ascent software to
continue to grow as a share of revenue.
- - IMAGE PROCESSING ACCELERATORS. As the speed and sophistication of imaging
systems have increased, so too have the demands on image processing. To meet
this demand, Kofax continues to advance its market-leading family of hardware
accelerators and software development tools that enable PCs to control
high-speed scanners and perform complex image enhancement and recognition
functions. Kofax expects that image processing accelerators will continue to
account for a majority of its revenue over the next several years.
Kofax's primary growth strategy is to expand its addressable markets by
developing new products that leverage its core image processing technologies. To
further this strategy, Kofax has recently introduced, and plans to introduce
over the next 12 months, new products in each of its product lines. In late
1996, in response to the growth of the Internet and emerging collaborative
applications, Kofax introduced a network scan server called NetScan that
connects popular office scanners directly to a network and allows them to be
shared among multiple users. Products currently in development include a new
version of Ascent Capture that will allow the Company to address the substantial
market for forms processing; a new version of Ascent Storage that requires no
programming to implement and can be used with any standard Windows application;
a SCSI version of the Company's accelerator boards that will address the growing
SCSI scanner market; and the Company's first scanner-resident accelerator
product, which will provide scanner manufacturers with a low-cost image
processing board that provides enhanced functionality.
Kofax sells its products through a network of over 50 technically skilled,
independent distributors specializing in sales of document imaging products.
This channel is supported by a 56 person sales, marketing, and technical support
organization that targets VARs, system integrators, OEMs, and large end users to
supplement the selling efforts of the Company's distributors.
3
<PAGE> 5
THE OFFERING
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Common Stock offered by the Company................. 1,300,000 shares
Common Stock offered by the Selling Stockholders.... 700,000 shares
Common Stock outstanding after the offering......... 5,294,258 shares(1)
Use of proceeds..................................... For general corporate purposes. See
"Use of Proceeds."
Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol.............. KOFX
</TABLE>
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
---------------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................... $15,773 $18,076 $21,085 $24,964 $29,266
Gross profit................................ 10,361 11,682 13,867 17,038 21,546
Income (loss) from operations............... 1,657 2,027 2,643 (1,433)* 3,392
Net income (loss)........................... 1,298 1,492 1,811 (733) 2,135
Pro forma net income per share.............. $ 0.50
Pro forma weighted average common shares.... 4,282
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* In fiscal 1996, the Company took a one-time charge of $4,176,800 for acquired
research and development costs.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, 1997
-----------------------------
PRO FORMA(2) AS ADJUSTED(3)
------------ --------------
<S> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash, cash equivalents and investments............................. $ 5,404 $ 18,291
Working capital.................................................... 8,676 21,956
Total assets....................................................... 16,327 29,214
Long-term notes payable............................................ 427 --
Total stockholders' equity(2)...................................... 12,254 25,962
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Based on the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of June 30,
1997. Excludes 421,638 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
stock options outstanding as of August 22, 1997 at a weighted average
exercise price of $3.39 per share.
(2) Reflects on a pro forma basis the conversion of all outstanding shares of
the Company's Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into Common Stock upon
the closing of this offering on a one-for-one basis, which results in an
increase to actual stockholders' equity of $7,146,200.
(3) Adjusted to reflect the sale of the 1,300,000 shares of Common Stock offered
by the Company hereby at an assumed initial public offering price of $12.00
per share and the application of the net proceeds therefrom. See
"Capitalization."
---------------
Except as otherwise noted, all information in this prospectus (i) reflects
the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of the Company's Redeemable
Convertible Preferred Stock into an aggregate of 2,667,002 shares of Common
Stock upon the closing of this offering, (ii) assumes outstanding options to
purchase shares of Common Stock have not been exercised and (iii) assumes the
Underwriters' over-allotment option is not exercised. See "Description of
Capital Stock" and "Underwriting."
The Company was incorporated in California in August 1985 and
reincorporated in Delaware in February 1996. As used in this prospectus,
references to the "Company" and "Kofax" refer to the Company, its predecessor
entity and its subsidiary. The principal executive offices of the Company are
located at 3 Jenner Street, Irvine, California 92618, and the Company's
telephone number is (714) 727-1733. Kofax(R), KIPP(R), ImageControls(R),
Ascent(R), Ascent Capture(R) and NetScan(R) are registered trademarks of the
Company. StorageControls(TM), Adrenaline(TM) and Ascent Storage(TM) are
trademarks of the Company and are the subject of pending trademark registration
applications. Alliance(SM) and The Component Imaging Company(SM) are
servicemarks of the Company and are the subject of pending servicemark
registration applications. This prospectus also includes trademarks of companies
other than the Company, whose mention herein is with due recognition of, and
without intent to, misappropriate their marks.
4
<PAGE> 6
RISK FACTORS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ materially from the
results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause
such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in "Risk
Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations," "Business" and elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition
to the other information in this prospectus, the following risk factors should
be considered carefully in evaluating the Company and its business before
purchasing shares of Common Stock.
PROBABLE FLUCTUATIONS IN QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS
The Company's operating results have been, and its future operating results
are expected to be, subject to fluctuations due to a number of factors,
including the timing of orders from, and shipments to, major customers; the
timing of new product introductions by the Company or its competitors;
variations in the mix of products sold by the Company; changes in pricing
policies by the Company, its competitors or its suppliers, including possible
decreases in average selling prices of the Company's products in response to
competitive pressures; product returns or price protection charges from
customers; market acceptance of new and enhanced versions of the Company's
products; the availability and cost of key components; the availability of
manufacturing capacity; delays in the introduction of new products or product
enhancements by the Company, the Company's competitors or other providers of
hardware, software and components for the document imaging market; dependence
upon capital spending budgets; fluctuations in general economic conditions; and
the unpredictability of all of the foregoing. In addition, the Company has at
times experienced quarter-to-quarter declines in net sales. The Company believes
that these fluctuations in net sales result primarily from the budgeting and
purchasing cycles of its customers and, during the summer months, from European
holiday closures. As a result, the Company believes that period-to-period
comparisons of its results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and
should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations -- Quarterly Results of Operations."
The Company's expense levels are relatively fixed in the short term and are
based on the Company's sales forecasts; however, because substantially all of
the Company's net sales in each quarter result from orders received and shipped
in that quarter, net sales are difficult for the Company to forecast accurately.
The Company operates with little product backlog because its products are
typically shipped shortly after orders are received. In addition, a significant
portion of the Company's sales are made through indirect channels and are
difficult to predict. Any significant reduction in customer demand in a
particular quarter would therefore have an almost immediate adverse effect on
the Company's operating results. If significant shortfalls were to occur between
forecasted and actual orders, as has occurred in the past and as may occur in
the future, the Company might not be able to reduce its expenses proportionately
and in a timely manner. This could compound the resulting adverse effect on
operating results. In addition, in order to promptly fill orders, the Company
maintains inventories of finished goods and components with long lead times,
which could result in writedowns of inventory in the future and could contribute
to quarterly fluctuations in operating results. The Company's gross profit
margins may be adversely affected by the introduction of new products and
changes in product mix. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company
will be able to sustain its current gross profit margins. The Company also may
reduce prices or increase spending in response to competition or to pursue new
market opportunities, which may adversely affect the Company's operating
results. Due to the foregoing factors, the Company's operating results may be
below the expectations of public market analysts and investors in some future
quarters, which would likely result in a decline in the trading price of the
Common Stock. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations -- Overview" and "-- Quarterly Results of Operations."
DEPENDENCE ON A LIMITED NUMBER OF PRODUCTS FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE OPERATING
RESULTS
The Company focuses exclusively on document imaging hardware and software.
Historically, the Company has derived substantially all of its net sales from
its family of accelerator boards, software development tools and accessories.
This family of products is expected to continue to account for a majority of
5
<PAGE> 7
the Company's net sales for the foreseeable future. The Company expects that as
the family of accelerator boards and related products continues to mature, sales
of these products will not continue to grow at historical rates, and there can
be no assurance that the Company will be able to sustain the current level of
growth of such sales. Any reduction in the demand for the Company's family of
accelerator boards and related products due to introductions by the Company's
competitors of products based on new technologies or new industry standards, a
decline in the demand for computer systems or document imaging products, product
obsolescence or any other reason would have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition. See
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and "Business -- Products."
In January 1995, the Company introduced its Ascent line of document image
processing application software for Microsoft Windows and in October 1996, the
Company began shipping its NetScan product. The Company is directing a
significant amount of its research and development expenditures to the
development of its Ascent products and plans to devote significant marketing
efforts to promotion of its Ascent and NetScan products. The Company believes
that its Ascent and NetScan products, together with other products under
development, will contribute an increasing share of the Company's net sales in
the future as the market for accelerator boards and related products continues
to mature. Accordingly, the Company believes that its operating results will in
the future become substantially dependent on the Company's ability to increase
sales of its Ascent and NetScan products, achieve market acceptance of new
products under development and develop future products. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in increasing sales of its Ascent
and NetScan products, achieving market acceptance of its new products under
development or developing additional products. Failure to increase sales of the
Company's Ascent and NetScan products, achieve market acceptance of products
under development or develop additional products would have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, operating results, cash flows and financial
condition. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations" and "Business -- Products."
DEPENDENCE ON DOCUMENT IMAGE PROCESSING MARKET AND COMPONENT SOFTWARE STRATEGY
Substantially all of the Company's net sales have been attributable to
sales of document imaging products, and these products are currently expected to
account for substantially all of the Company's future net sales. The document
imaging market is a rapidly evolving market. If the document imaging market
fails to grow or grows more slowly than the Company currently anticipates, the
Company's business, operating results and financial condition would be
materially adversely affected. In addition, the Company has focused its product
development efforts on a component software strategy rather than seeking to
develop a complete turnkey imaging solution. If the component software approach
does not continue to achieve significant market acceptance, or develops more
slowly than the Company expects, the Company's business, operating results, cash
flows and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. See
"Business -- Industry Background."
RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
The market for the Company's document image processing products is
characterized by rapid technological advances, changes in end user requirements,
frequent new product introductions and enhancements and evolving industry
standards. The introduction of products embodying new technologies and the
emergence of new industry standards could render the Company's existing products
and products under development obsolete and unmarketable. For example,
increasing speeds of future generation Pentium-class microprocessors in standard
PCs could reduce demand for the Company's hardware accelerator products, which
could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, operating
results, cash flows and financial condition. The Company's future success will
depend upon its ability to address the increasingly sophisticated needs of its
customers by enhancing its current products and by developing and introducing on
a timely basis new products that lead or keep pace with technological
developments and emerging industry standards, respond to evolving end user
requirements and achieve market acceptance. Any failure by the Company to
anticipate or adequately respond to technological developments or end user
requirements, or any significant
6
<PAGE> 8
delays in product development or introduction could result in a loss of
competitiveness or net sales. In the past, the Company has experienced delays in
the introduction of new products and product enhancements. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in developing and marketing
product enhancements or new products on a timely basis or at all, that the
Company will not experience difficulties that could delay or prevent the
successful development, introduction and sale of these products, or that any of
its new products or product enhancements will adequately meet the requirements
of the marketplace and achieve market acceptance. If the Company is unable, for
technological or any other reasons, to develop, introduce and sell its products
in a timely manner, the Company's business, operating results, cash flows and
financial condition would be materially adversely affected. From time to time,
the Company or its present or future competitors may announce new products,
capabilities or technologies that have the potential to replace or shorten the
life cycles of the Company's existing products. There can be no assurance that
announcements of currently planned or other new products will not cause
customers to delay or alter their purchasing decisions in anticipation of such
products, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business,
operating results, cash flows and financial condition. See "Management's
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,"
"Business -- Products," "-- Competition" and "-- Technology/Research and
Development."
IMPACT OF COMPETITION
The market for document image processing hardware and software components
is highly competitive and is characterized by rapid changes in technology and
frequent introductions of new platforms and features. The Company expects
competition to increase as other companies introduce additional and more
competitive products in the developing document image processing market. In its
accelerator board and developer toolkit business, the Company competes primarily
with a number of small private companies. In its Ascent business, to which the
Company is a relative newcomer, Kofax competes indirectly against large
suppliers of turnkey systems, as well as directly with other component software
vendors, more of whom are expected to enter the market over the next few years.
Some of the Company's existing and potential competitors in the application
software segment of the document imaging market have larger technical staffs,
greater brand name recognition and market presence, more established and larger
marketing and sales organizations and substantially greater financial resources
than the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to
compete successfully against current or future competitors or that competitive
pressures faced by the Company will not have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
The Company believes that the competitive factors affecting the market for
the Company's products include product performance, price and quality; product
functionality and features; the availability of products for existing and future
platforms; the ease of integration of the products with other hardware and
software components of document imaging systems; and the quality of support
services, product documentation and training. The relative importance of each of
these factors depends upon the specific customer involved. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to compete effectively with respect to
any of these factors.
The Company's present or future competitors may be able to develop products
comparable or superior to those offered by the Company or adapt more quickly
than the Company to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. In order
to remain competitive in the document imaging market, the Company must respond
to technological change, customer requirements, and competitors' current
products, product enhancements and innovations. The Company introduced its
Ascent line of application software products in January 1995, has recently
developed its new generation of accelerator boards and is currently developing
additional product enhancements to these products in an effort to address
customer requirements and respond to technological changes. However, there can
be no assurance that the Company will successfully complete the development or
introduction of these products on a timely basis or that these products will
achieve market acceptance. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the
Company will be able to continue to compete effectively in the document imaging
market, that competition will not intensify or that future competition will not
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results,
cash flows and financial condition. See "Business -- Competition."
7
<PAGE> 9
DEPENDENCE UPON DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
The Company relies heavily on its distributors and resellers for the
marketing and distribution of its products. In fiscal 1997, three of the
Company's distributors, Tech Data Corporation, Law-Cypress Distributing Co. and
Cranel Inc. accounted for 14%, 14%, and 10%, respectively, of the Company's
total net sales. The concentration of sales to a limited number of distributors
increases the credit risk of sales to such distributors. If one or more of the
Company's principal distributors became insolvent or otherwise terminated its
relationship with the Company, the Company's business, operating results, cash
flows and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. The
Company's products are hardware and software components of complete document
imaging systems. As such, sales of the Company's products depend, in significant
part, upon purchases of document imaging systems, which include products
supplied by vendors other than the Company. As a result, sales of the Company's
products are subject to a variety of factors outside of the Company's control,
including the ability of its resellers to successfully sell their complete
solutions to end users. The Company's agreements with resellers and distributors
do not require minimum purchases, are generally not exclusive and in many cases
may be terminated by either party without cause. There can be no assurance that
these resellers and distributors will continue to carry the Company's products
or that they will give a high priority to the marketing of the Company's
products. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will retain
any of its current resellers or distributors or that, if the Company were to
lose any reseller or distributor, the Company would be successful in recruiting
replacement organizations to represent it. Any changes in the Company's
distribution channels could materially adversely affect the Company's business,
operating results, cash flows and financial condition. See "Business -- Sales
and Distribution."
DEPENDENCE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Company currently holds no patents and relies on a combination of
copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, employee and third-party
nondisclosure agreements, licensing arrangements and other security measures
(which afford only limited protection) to establish and protect its software,
proprietary algorithms and other proprietary technology. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in protecting its proprietary
technology, or that the Company's competitors will not independently develop
products or technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to the
Company's products and technologies. It is possible that third parties will copy
or reverse engineer portions of the Company's products or otherwise obtain and
use information which the Company regards as proprietary. In addition, the laws
of some foreign countries do not protect the Company's proprietary rights to the
same extent as the laws of the United States. The failure or inability of the
Company to protect its intellectual property rights could have a material
adverse effect on its business, operating results, cash flows and financial
condition.
The PC hardware and software industry is characterized by vigorous
protection of intellectual property rights, which has resulted in significant
and often protracted and expensive litigation. Litigation may be necessary to
protect the Company's intellectual property rights and trade secrets, to
determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to
defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. There can be no assurance
that infringement, invalidity, right to use or ownership claims by third parties
will not be asserted against the Company in the future. The Company expects that
it will increasingly be subject to such claims as the number of products and
competitors in the document image processing market grows and the functionality
of such products overlaps with other industry segments. If any claims or actions
are asserted against the Company, the Company may seek to obtain a license under
a third party's intellectual property rights. There can be no assurance,
however, that a license will be available upon reasonable terms if at all. In
addition, should the Company decide to litigate such claims, such litigation
could be expensive, protracted and time consuming, could divert management's
attention from other matters, could cause product shipment delays and could
materially adversely affect the Company's business, operating results, cash
flows and financial condition, regardless of the outcome of the litigation. See
"Business -- Intellectual Property."
8
<PAGE> 10
DEPENDENCE ON SUPPLIERS AND SUBCONTRACTORS
The Company purchases circuit boards, integrated circuits and other
components from third parties. The Company's dependence on third-party suppliers
involves several risks, including limited control over pricing, availability,
quality and delivery schedules. The Company is dependent on sole-source
suppliers for ASICs and certain other components used in its products. The
Company generally purchases sole-sourced components pursuant to purchase orders
placed in the ordinary course of business and has no guaranteed supply
arrangements with any of its sole-source suppliers. There can be no assurance
that the Company will not experience quality control problems or supply
shortages with respect to these components in the future. Any quality control
problems or interruptions in supply with respect to one or more components could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results,
cash flows and financial condition. Because of the Company's reliance on these
suppliers, the Company may also be subject to increases in component costs,
which could materially adversely affect its business, operating results, cash
flows and financial condition. See "Business -- Manufacturing and Suppliers."
The Company relies on third-party subcontractors for the manufacture of
certain of its products and components, such as cable assemblies and circuit
boards. Reliance on third-party subcontractors involves several risks, including
the potential inadequacy of capacity, the unavailability of or interruptions in
access to certain process technologies and reduced control over product quality,
delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. Shortages of raw materials
or production capacity constraints at the Company's subcontractors could
negatively affect the Company's ability to meet its production obligations and
result in increased prices for, or unavailability of, affected parts. Any such
reduction, constraint or unavailability could result in delays in shipments of
the Company's products or increases in the prices of components, either of which
could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating
results, cash flows and financial condition. See "Business -- Manufacturing and
Suppliers."
DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL
The Company's success depends on the continued service of key management
personnel, including David S. Silver, Chief Executive Officer and Dean A. Hough,
Vice President, Engineering. None of the Company's personnel is subject to an
employment agreement with the Company. In addition, the competition to attract,
retain and motivate qualified technical, sales and operations personnel is
intense. The Company has at times experienced, and continues to experience,
difficulty in recruiting qualified personnel, particularly in software
development and customer support. There can be no assurance that the Company can
retain its key personnel or attract other qualified personnel in the future. The
failure to attract or retain such persons could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, operating results, cash flows and financial
condition. See "Business -- Employees" and "Management."
DEPENDENCE ON CAPITAL SPENDING
Substantially all of the Company's net sales are derived from the sale of
hardware and software components for use in document imaging systems purchased
by end users such as large corporations and domestic and foreign governmental
agencies. The decision to purchase a document imaging system generally involves
a significant commitment of capital, with the attendant delays associated with
significant capital expenditures. The Company's future success is directly
dependent upon the capital expenditure budgets of its customers and the
continued demand by such customers for document imaging systems. Certain
industries that utilize document imaging systems, such as the financial services
industry, are highly cyclical, and companies in such industries may experience
economic downturns, which could lead to significant reductions in capital
expenditures. In addition, many domestic and foreign governmental agencies have
experienced budget deficits that have also led to significant reductions in
capital expenditures. The Company's operations may in the future be subject to
substantial period-to-period fluctuations as a consequence of such industry
patterns and such factors affecting capital spending. There can be no assurance
that any such decrease in capital spending will not have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, operating results, cash flows and financial
condition.
9
<PAGE> 11
RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNATIONAL SALES
In fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, international sales represented
approximately 36%, 36% and 34%, respectively, of the Company's net sales, and
the Company believes that its future growth is dependent in part upon its
ability to increase sales in international markets. The Company intends to
attempt to continue to expand its operations outside of the United States and
enter additional international markets, which will require significant
management attention and financial resources. There can be no assurance,
however, that the Company will be able to successfully maintain or expand its
international sales. International sales are subject to inherent risks,
including changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other barriers,
fluctuating exchange rates, difficulties in staffing and managing foreign sales
and support operations and the possibility of greater difficulty in accounts
receivable collection. To date, the Company has avoided the risk of fluctuating
exchange rates associated with international sales by selling its products in
United States currency, however, there can be no assurance that the Company will
be able to continue to do so. There can be no assurance that any of these
factors will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's future
international sales and, consequently, on the Company's business, operating
results, cash flows and financial condition. See "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations -- Overview" and
"-- Results of Operations -- Net Sales."
RISK OF DEFECTS
The Company has occasionally discovered errors or defects in its products
after their commercial shipment. Although to date such defects and errors have
not been significant, there can be no assurance that significant defects and
errors will not be discovered in new products, existing products or in new
versions or enhancements of existing products, and if discovered, will be
successfully and timely corrected. Discovery of errors or defects in the
Company's products after commercial shipment could result in adverse customer
reaction, negative publicity regarding the Company or its products, a delay in
or failure to achieve market acceptance or a diversion of management and product
development resources, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
CONTROL BY MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS
Upon consummation of this offering, the directors, executive officers and
principal stockholders of the Company and their affiliates will, in the
aggregate, own beneficially approximately 52% of the outstanding Common Stock
(47% if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full). These
stockholders, acting together, will have the ability to control the election of
the Company's directors and most other stockholders' actions and, as a result,
direct the Company's affairs and business. Such concentration may have the
effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company. See
"Principal and Selling Stockholders."
NO PRIOR PUBLIC MARKET; PROBABLE VOLATILITY OF STOCK PRICE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Common
Stock of the Company, and there can be no assurance that an active market will
develop or be sustained after this offering or that the market price of the
Common Stock will not decline below the initial public offering price. The
initial public offering price will be determined through negotiations among the
Company, the Selling Stockholders and the representatives of the Underwriters
and may not be indicative of future market prices. See "Underwriting." The
market price of the Common Stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in
response to quarter-to-quarter variations in operating results, changes in
earnings estimates by analysts, announcements of technological innovations or
new products by the Company or its competitors, general conditions in the
software and computer industries or the document image processing market and
other events or factors. In addition, the securities of many technology
companies have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations, which have
often been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies. These
conditions may adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock.
10
<PAGE> 12
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE; REGISTRATION RIGHTS
Sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock in the public market following
the offering made hereby could have an adverse effect on the market price of the
Common Stock. Upon completion of this offering, the Company will have 5,294,258
shares of Common Stock outstanding, assuming no exercise of options after June
30, 1997. Of these shares, the 2,000,000 shares offered hereby (2,300,000 shares
if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full) will be freely
tradeable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), unless purchased by "affiliates" of
the Company as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The
remaining 3,294,258 shares of Common Stock outstanding upon completion of this
offering are "restricted securities" as that term is defined in Rule 144. These
restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if registered or
pursuant to an exemption from registration, such as Rule 144 under the
Securities Act. Of the 3,294,258 shares held by existing stockholders, 3,116,494
shares of Common Stock are subject to certain lock-up agreements pursuant to
which such stockholders have agreed with the Underwriters not to sell any Common
Stock owned by them for a period of 180 days after the effective date of the
offering. Upon the expiration of such lock-up agreements, approximately 31,412
shares will be eligible for sale under Rule 701 (plus shares issuable upon
exercise of then vested outstanding options), 315,619 shares will be eligible
for sale under Rule 144(k) and 2,721,963 shares held by "affiliates" of the
Company, as that term is defined in Rule 144, will be eligible for sale under
Rule 144 subject to the volume and other restrictions of Rule 144. Pursuant to
Rule 701, 8,075 shares will be eligible for sale 90 days following this
offering. An additional 23,750 shares will be eligible for sale 30 days
following this offering, and an additional 23,750 shares will be eligible for
sale 60 days following this offering. Immediately following this offering
approximately 179,189 shares will be eligible for sale under Rule 144. As of
August 22, 1997, 421,638 shares were subject to outstanding options to purchase
Common Stock, of which 416,763 shares are subject to the lock-up agreements
described above. Upon completion of this offering, the holders of 1,967,002
outstanding shares of Common Stock are entitled to certain demand and piggyback
registration rights with respect to such shares, the exercise of which may have
an adverse effect on the market price for the Common Stock or the Company's
ability to raise needed capital. See "Description of Capital
Stock -- Registration Rights," "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" and
"Underwriting."
DILUTION TO NEW INVESTORS
The initial public offering price will be substantially higher than the
book value per share of the Common Stock. Accordingly, investors purchasing
shares of Common Stock in this offering will incur immediate and substantial net
tangible book value dilution of $7.20 per share, assuming an initial public
offering price of $12.00 per share. In addition, investors purchasing shares in
this offering will incur additional dilution to the extent outstanding options
are exercised. See "Dilution."
POTENTIAL EFFECT OF ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS
The Company's Board of Directors has the authority to issue up to 5,000,000
shares of Preferred Stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences,
qualifications, limitations and restrictions, including voting rights, of those
shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The rights of the
holders of Common Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by,
the rights of the holders of any Preferred Stock that may be issued in the
future. The issuance of Preferred Stock could have the effect of delaying or
preventing a change of control. Further, Section 203 of the General Corporation
Law of Delaware prohibits the Company from engaging in certain business
combinations with interested stockholders. These provisions may have the effect
of delaying or preventing a change in control of the Company without action by
the stockholders, and could therefore adversely affect the price of the Common
Stock. See "Description of Capital Stock."
BENEFITS OF OFFERING TO CURRENT STOCKHOLDERS
All of the Company's stockholders, including those selling in the offering,
will benefit from the creation of a public market for the Company's Common Stock
as a result of the offering. In particular, the aggregate
11
<PAGE> 13
consideration received by the Company for all outstanding shares of its Common
Stock was approximately $4.3 million, which shares will have an aggregate value
of $47.9 million, at an assumed per share value of $12.00, after the offering.
The Selling Stockholders are selling an aggregate of 700,000 shares of Common
Stock which, at an assumed initial offering price of $12.00 per share, less
underwriting discounts and commissions, results in aggregate net proceeds to the
Selling Stockholders of approximately $7.8 million. In addition, the Selling
Stockholders benefit from the Underwriters' marketing efforts in connection with
the offering and their firm commitment to purchase the shares offered hereby.
Further, the Selling Stockholders, to the extent of their sales, will not be
subject to the risk of a decline in the price of the Company's Common Stock in
the public market. See "-- No Prior Public Market; Probable Volatility of Stock
Price." The Company will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Common Stock
by the Selling Stockholders. See "Principal and Selling Stockholders."
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On September 26, 1997, VisionShape, Inc. ("VisionShape") filed suit against
the Company in the Superior Court of Orange County, California. VisionShape
claims that the Company's Adrenaline accelerator boards prevent the use of
software other than the Company's software, which, the complaint alleges,
creates a monopoly or otherwise constitutes a tying arrangement in violation of
state and federal antitrust laws. VisionShape seeks unspecified monetary damages
and costs as well as equitable remedies, including an order enjoining the
Company from selling its Adrenaline accelerator boards. VisionShape also seeks
treble damages and attorneys' fees. Based upon information currently available
to the Company, the Company believes VisionShape's claims are without merit and
intends to contest vigorously any action against the Company. However, it is too
early to determine the outcome of such suit and there can be no assurance as to
the eventual outcome of such actions. Any determination against the Company in
the litigation or the settlement of such claims could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, results of operation, cash flows and financial
condition. See "Business -- Legal Proceedings."
12
<PAGE> 14
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the 1,300,000 shares of
Common Stock offered by the Company hereby at an assumed initial public offering
price of $12.00 per share, after deducting underwriting discounts and
commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, are
estimated to be approximately $13,708,000. The Company will not receive any
proceeds from the sale of shares of Common Stock offered by the Selling
Stockholders.
The Company will repay the outstanding amount under the Company's term loan
credit facility, which was $821,400 as of June 30, 1997. The outstanding balance
of the term loan bears interest at the bank's prime rate plus 1.0%, matures on
July 5, 1999, and was incurred for working capital purposes. The Company expects
to use substantially all of the remaining net proceeds of this offering for
working capital, to augment the Company's sales, marketing and technical support
organization, and to increase the Company's funds available for general
corporate purposes. A portion of the net proceeds may also be used for strategic
acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies complementary to those of
the Company. The Company is not currently a party to any commitments or
agreements, and is not currently involved in any negotiations, with respect to
any such acquisitions. The Company has not determined the amounts it plans to
expend with respect to each of the listed uses or the timing of such
expenditures. The amounts actually expended for each use may vary significantly
depending on a number of factors, including future revenue growth, if any, the
amount of cash generated or used by the Company's operations, the progress of
the Company's product development efforts, technological advances, the status of
competitive products and acquisition opportunities presented to the Company.
Pending such uses, the net proceeds of this offering will be invested in short
to medium-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities.
DIVIDEND POLICY
The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on shares of its
Common Stock. The Company currently anticipates that it will retain all
available funds for use in the operation of its business, and does not intend to
pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Future cash dividends, if any,
will be determined by the Board of Directors. The payment of cash dividends by
the Company is restricted by the Company's current bank credit facilities, which
contain restrictions prohibiting the Company from paying any cash dividends
without the bank's prior approval, and future borrowings may contain similar
restrictions.
13
<PAGE> 15
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth (i) the actual capitalization of the Company
as of June 30, 1997, (ii) the pro forma capitalization of the Company, giving
effect to the conversion of all outstanding shares of Redeemable Convertible
Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock and (iii) the as adjusted
capitalization of the Company after giving effect to the sale of 1,300,000
shares of Common Stock offered by the Company hereby at an assumed initial
public offering price of $12.00 per share, after deducting underwriting
discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the
Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30, 1997
------------------------------------
ACTUAL PRO FORMA(1) AS ADJUSTED
------- ------------ -----------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Long-term notes payable...................................... $ 427 $ 427 $ --
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, $.001 par value;
2,667,002 actual shares outstanding, no pro forma or as
adjusted shares outstanding................................ 7,146 -- --
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock, $.001 par value, 5,000,000 shares
authorized; no shares issued or outstanding............. -- -- --
Common Stock, $.001 par value; 40,000,000 shares
authorized; 1,327,256 actual shares outstanding and
3,994,258 pro forma shares outstanding; 5,294,258 shares
outstanding, as adjusted(2)............................. 172 4,261 17,969
Retained earnings.......................................... 4,936 7,993 7,993
------- ------- -------
Total stockholders' equity................................. 5,108 12,254 25,962
------- ------- -------
Total capitalization.................................... $12,681 $ 12,681 $25,962
======= ======= =======
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Reflects the conversion of all outstanding shares of the Company's
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into Common Stock on a one-for-one
basis and an increase of approximately $3,057,000 in retained earnings and a
decrease in the value of the Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock for the
cumulative accretion to the liquidation value of such Preferred Stock upon
the closing of this offering.
(2) Excludes 421,638 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of
outstanding stock options as of August 22, 1997 at a weighted average
exercise price of $3.39 per share. Also excludes a total of 641,650
additional shares of Common Stock reserved for future issuance under the
Company's incentive stock plans. See "Management -- Stock Benefit Plans."
14
<PAGE> 16
DILUTION
The pro forma net tangible book value of the Company's Common Stock as of
June 30, 1997 was $11,724,100, or $2.94 per share. Pro forma net tangible book
value per share represents the amount of the Company's total tangible assets
(total assets less $530,200 of intangible assets as of June 30, 1997) less total
liabilities divided by the pro forma number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding. Assuming the sale of the 1,300,000 shares offered by the Company
hereby at an assumed initial public offering price of $12.00 per share and the
application of the net proceeds therefrom, after deducting estimated offering
expenses and underwriting discounts and commissions, the pro forma, as adjusted,
net tangible book value of the Company as of June 30, 1997 would have been
approximately $25,432,100, or $4.80 per share. This represents an immediate
increase in the net tangible book value of $1.86 per share to existing
stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $7.20 per
share to purchasers of shares of Common Stock offered hereby. The following
table illustrates this per share dilution:
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
Assumed initial public offering price per share............................. $12.00
Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 1997........ $2.94
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to new
investors............................................................. 1.86
-----
Pro forma, as adjusted, net tangible book value per share after the
offering.................................................................. 4.80
------
Dilution per share to new investors......................................... $ 7.20
======
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of June 30, 1997,
the number of shares of Common Stock purchased from the Company, the total
consideration paid and the average price per share paid by existing stockholders
and by purchasers of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby at an assumed
initial public offering price of $12.00 per share:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES TOTAL
PURCHASED(1)(2) CONSIDERATION
--------------------- ----------------------- AVERAGE PRICE
NUMBER PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT PER SHARE
--------- ------- ----------- ------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Existing Stockholders............... 3,994,258 75% $ 4,261,600 21% $ 1.07
New Investors....................... 1,300,000 25 15,600,000 79 12.00
--------- --- ----------- ---
Total..................... 5,294,258 100% $19,861,600 100%
========= === =========== ===
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Sales by the Selling Stockholders in this offering will reduce the number of
shares held by existing stockholders to 3,294,258 shares, or 62% of the
total number of shares to be outstanding after this offering, and will
increase the number of shares held by new investors to 2,000,000 shares, or
38% of the total shares of Common Stock outstanding after this offering. See
"Principal and Selling Stockholders."
(2) The number of shares assumes (i) the conversion of all outstanding shares of
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock upon the
closing of this offering, and (ii) no exercise of outstanding options. At
August 22, 1997, 421,638 shares of Common Stock were subject to outstanding
options at a weighted average exercise price of $3.39 per share. To the
extent options are exercised, there will be further dilution to new
investors. See "Management -- Executive Compensation" and Note 8 of Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
15
<PAGE> 17
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of and for each
of the five years in the period ended June 30, 1997 have been derived from the
audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto audited by Deloitte
& Touche LLP, independent auditors, of which the consolidated financial
statements and notes thereto as of June 30, 1996 and 1997 and for each of the
three years in the period ended June 30, 1997 are included elsewhere in this
prospectus. The data set forth below should be read in conjunction with
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included
elsewhere in this Prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
-------------------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net sales................................ $15,773 $18,076 $21,085 $24,964 $29,266
Cost of sales............................ 5,412 6,394 7,218 7,926 7,720
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit............................. 10,361 11,682 13,867 17,038 21,546
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing................. 4,095 4,817 5,977 7,456 9,565
Research and development............ 3,365 3,455 3,693 5,090 6,653
General and administrative.......... 1,244 1,383 1,554 1,748 1,936
Acquired in-process research and
development costs................. -- -- -- 4,177 --
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Total operating expenses....... 8,704 9,655 11,224 18,471 18,154
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) from operations............ 1,657 2,027 2,643 (1,433) 3,392
Other income, net........................ 69 51 264 200 69
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Income (loss) before provision (benefit)
for income taxes....................... 1,726 2,078 2,907 (1,233) 3,461
Provision (benefit) for income taxes..... 428 586 1,096 (500) 1,326
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
Net income (loss)........................ $ 1,298 $ 1,492 $ 1,811 $ (733) $ 2,135
======= ======= ======= ======= =======
Pro forma net income per share........... $ 0.50
=======
Pro forma weighted average common
shares................................. 4,282
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
JUNE 30,
-------------------------------------------------------
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
------- ------- ------- ------- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash, cash equivalents and investments... $ 4,135 $ 5,119 $ 6,759 $ 3,514 $ 5,404
Working capital.......................... 6,562 7,774 9,382 6,949 8,676
Total assets............................. 9,096 10,631 13,018 14,141 16,327
Long-term notes payable.................. 70 -- -- 799 427
Total stockholders' equity(1)............ 7,507 9,008 10,832 10,106 12,254
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Includes amounts attributable to the outstanding shares of the Company's
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock.
16
<PAGE> 18
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks
and uncertainties. The Company's actual results could differ materially from
those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain
factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this
prospectus. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included elsewhere herein.
OVERVIEW
Kofax was founded in 1985 to develop image processing boards that could be
added to personal computers to facilitate high-speed scanning, manipulation and
printing of documents. The Company's first generation of PC-based scanner
acceleration products, the KF-8200 series, was introduced in April 1987. The
Company next developed a set of software development tools that allowed system
integrators and independent software vendors to develop document capture and
printing applications without the need for significant image processing
expertise. The new software development tools, called KIPP Developers Toolkits,
were targeted at Microsoft Windows developers and were introduced in 1990,
together with a second generation of accelerator boards, the KF-9200 series. The
current generation of toolkits, called ImageControls, is a set of 32-bit ActiveX
controls for the Windows NT and Windows 95 environment. The fourth generation of
hardware accelerators, the Adrenaline family, is expected to be released in the
first quarter of fiscal 1998.
In January 1995, the Company introduced its first application software
product, Ascent Capture. Ascent Storage was introduced in January 1996. Ascent
Capture and Ascent Storage are sold through the Company's existing reseller and
system integrator channels. In October 1996, the Company introduced NetScan, a
network scan server for workgroup scanning.
The KIPP and Adrenaline families of products are expected to continue to
account for a majority of the Company's net sales for the next several years.
The Company also expects that its Ascent and NetScan products, together with
other products under development, will contribute an increasing share of the
Company's net sales in the future.
Net sales represent gross sales less discounts, returns and adjustments.
The Company's net sales have grown from $287,000 in fiscal 1987 to $29.3 million
in fiscal 1997. The Company's revenue growth has resulted from the expansion of
the document image processing market, as well as from the growing market
acceptance of the Company's products. The Company typically ships its products
within a short period after acceptance of purchase orders from distributors and
other customers. Accordingly, the Company typically does not have a material
backlog of unfilled orders at the end of any quarter. Net sales of scanner
enhancement products (KIPP, Adrenaline, and NetScan collectively) amounted to
82.3% of fiscal 1997 revenue, of which NetScan contributed less than 1% of net
sales. Net sales of Ascent component software products amounted to 17.7% of
fiscal 1997 revenue compared to 8.5% in fiscal 1996 and 1.0% in fiscal 1995.
International sales (primarily to western European countries) accounted for
approximately 36%, 36% and 34% of net sales during fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997,
respectively. The Company sells its products primarily through a channel of
distributors and resellers. Net sales through distribution amounted to 77% of
fiscal 1997 revenue. The Company has five domestic and two European sales
offices to support its distributors and resellers. Revenue from hardware and
software sales are recognized at the time of shipment in accordance with AICPA
Statement of Position 91-1, Software Revenue Recognition. Distributors have
certain rights of return and exchange privileges. The Company's distributors
generally do not stock significant amounts of inventory of the Company's
products, as these products are typically incorporated by resellers into
complete imaging and document management systems which are configured shortly
before scheduled delivery to end-user customers. The Company records estimates
for such rights of return and exchange privileges based on historical
experience. The Company provides a warranty for its products against defects in
materials and workmanship. A provision for estimated warranty costs is recorded
at the time of sale.
17
<PAGE> 19
The Company has been profitable for the last 24 quarters, with the
exception of the quarter ending December 1995, when $4,158,500 was charged to
acquired in-process research and development expenses in connection with the
acquisition of certain net assets of LaserData, Inc. ("LaserData"). See Note 3
of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Cost of sales primarily consist of the costs of components and
subassemblies, labor and manufacturing overhead and, with respect to the
Company's software products, software duplication and royalty expenses. The
Company believes that its gross margins reflect the relatively high software
content of the Company's product mix. Sales and marketing expenses consist
primarily of salaries and commissions, customer support, trade shows,
advertising and other promotional expenses. General and administrative expenses
consist of personnel costs for administration, finance, information systems,
human resources and general management, as well as professional services.
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and
overhead costs relating to occupancy. The Company's research and development
personnel costs increased substantially in January 1996 because of the LaserData
acquisition. Despite the fact that the Company's net sales have increased,
research and development expenses as a percentage of net sales are relatively
high because of the high software content of the Company's KIPP and Adrenaline
family of products and the development of its Ascent application software
products. The Company expects that research and development expenses will
continue to increase in absolute amounts and will fluctuate as a percentage of
net sales, depending upon the timing of material research and product
development projects. As of June 30, 1997, the Company did not have any
capitalized software development expenses. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
The Company expects the effective tax rate in future periods to approximate
the statutory rate.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain income and expense items as a
percentage of net sales for the periods indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE
30,
-------------------------
1995 1996 1997
----- ----- -----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales................................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales............................................... 34.2 31.8 26.4
----- ----- -----
Gross profit................................................ 65.8 68.2 73.6
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing....................................... 28.3 29.9 32.7
Research and development.................................. 17.5 20.4 22.7
General and administrative................................ 7.4 7.0 6.6
Acquired in-process research and development costs........ 16.7
----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses.......................... 53.2 74.0 62.0
----- ----- -----
Income (loss) from operations............................... 12.6 (5.8) 11.6
Other income, net........................................... 1.2 0.9 0.2
----- ----- -----
Income (loss) before provision (benefit) for income taxes... 13.8 (4.9) 11.8
Provision (benefit) for income taxes........................ 5.2 (2.0) 4.5
----- ----- -----
Net income (loss)........................................... 8.6% (2.9)% 7.3%
===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
Net Sales. Net sales increased by 18.4% from $21.1 million in fiscal 1995
to $25.0 million in fiscal 1996. In fiscal 1997, net sales increased by 17.2%,
to $29.3 million, from the prior fiscal year. The increase in fiscal 1996 net
sales was primarily attributable to a $2.0 million increase in sales of the
Company's KF-9275 high-end accelerator board, and $1.9 million from sales of
Ascent products. The increase in fiscal 1997 net sales was primarily
attributable to a $3.0 million increase in the sales of the Company's Ascent
products.
Gross Profit. As a percentage of net sales, gross profit represented 65.8%,
68.2% and 73.6% in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. Increases in gross
profit percentages over the past two years were primarily
18
<PAGE> 20
attributable to the increasing sales of the Company's Ascent software products,
changes in accelerator board product mix and declining costs of DRAM components
used in the Company's accelerator boards.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses were $6.0 million, $7.5
million and $9.6 million in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. As a
percentage of net sales, sales and marketing expenses represented 28.3%, 29.9%
and 32.7% in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. The increase in fiscal
1996 was primarily attributable to additional costs for sales and sales support
personnel approximately $1.0 million necessary to support the Ascent component
software products and Ascent reseller channel, and approximately $0.2 million
for the establishment of sales and support offices in the United States and the
United Kingdom. The increase in fiscal 1997 was primarily attributable to
approximately $0.7 million for increased personnel and marketing related
expenses to launch NetScan, and approximately $1.2 million for the continued
growth of personnel and advertising expenses for the Ascent component software
products. The Company expects that sales and marketing expenses will continue to
increase in absolute dollar amounts and will fluctuate as a percentage of net
sales.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses were $3.7
million, $5.1 million and $6.7 million in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997,
respectively. As a percentage of net sales, research and development expenses
represented 17.5%, 20.4% and 22.7% in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
The increase in research and development expenditures was primarily due to
personnel costs of approximately $0.5 million in 1996 and approximately $0.8
million in 1997 related to the acquisition of the Ascent Storage engineering
group from LaserData effective January 1996 as well as increased engineering
staffing and other costs for ImageControls, Adrenaline and NetScan product
development of approximately $0.8 million in 1996 and $0.7 million in 1997. The
Company expects that research and development expenses will continue to increase
in absolute dollar amounts and will fluctuate as a percentage of net sales
depending upon the timing of material research and development projects.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses were $1.6
million, $1.7 million and $1.9 million in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997,
respectively. As a percentage of net sales, general and administrative expenses
were 7.4%, 7.0% and 6.6% in fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. The
percentage decreases were attributable to this overhead being absorbed by a
higher revenue base. The Company anticipates that it will incur increased
general and administrative costs in the future related to the additional
insurance and administrative requirements of a public company.
Acquired In-Process Research and Development Costs. Acquired in-process
research and development costs of $4.2 million in fiscal 1996 represented an
allocation of a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition of certain net
assets of LaserData to in-process research and development costs, which had no
future alternative use, based on an independent appraisal.
19
<PAGE> 21
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly consolidated
financial information for the fiscal years ended June 30, 1996 and 1997. In the
opinion of management, this information has been presented on the same basis as
the audited Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere in this
Prospectus, and includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring
adjustments and accruals, that the Company considers necessary for a fair
presentation. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily
indicative of the results to be expected for any future period. The unaudited
quarterly information should be read in conjunction with the audited
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this
prospectus.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FISCAL 1996 FISCAL 1997
------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------
SEPT. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUN. 30, SEPT. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUN. 30,
1995 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997
--------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................... $ 5,624 $ 6,171 $6,445 $6,724 $ 6,581 $7,429 $7,648 $7,608
Cost of sales........................... 1,807 2,004 2,142 1,973 1,858 2,058 1,935 1,869
------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Gross profit............................ 3,817 4,167 4,303 4,751 4,723 5,371 5,713 5,739
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing................... 1,636 1,761 2,043 2,016 2,092 2,400 2,466 2,607
Research and development.............. 1,130 1,101 1,406 1,453 1,600 1,558 1,764 1,731
General and administrative............ 460 440 460 388 420 489 529 498
Acquired in-process research and
development costs................... -- 4,159 -- 18 -- -- -- --
------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Total operating expenses.......... 3,226 7,461 3,909 3,875 4,112 4,447 4,759 4,836
------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) from operations........... 591 (3,294) 394 876 611 924 954 903
Other income, net....................... 85 88 4 23 13 4 28 24
------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Income (loss) before provision (benefit)
for income taxes...................... 676 (3,206) 398 899 624 928 982 927
Provision (benefit) for income taxes.... 274 (1,299) 161 364 240 357 378 351
------ ------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
Net income (loss)....................... $ 402 $(1,907) $ 237 $ 535 $ 384 $ 571 $ 604 $ 576
====== ======= ====== ====== ====== ====== ====== ======
</TABLE>
The following table sets forth certain income and expense items as a
percentage of net sales for each quarter in fiscal 1996 and fiscal 1997.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
QUARTER ENDED
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FISCAL 1996 FISCAL 1997
------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------
SEPT. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUN. 30, SEPT. 30, DEC. 31, MAR. 31, JUN. 30,
1995 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997
--------- -------- -------- -------- --------- -------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales............................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of sales........................... 32.1 32.5 33.2 29.3 28.2 27.7 25.3 24.6
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Gross profit............................ 67.9 67.5 66.8 70.7 71.8 72.3 74.7 75.4
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing................... 29.1 28.5 31.7 30.0 31.8 32.3 32.2 34.3
Research and development.............. 20.1 17.9 21.8 21.6 24.3 21.0 23.1 22.7
General and administrative............ 8.2 7.1 7.2 5.8 6.4 6.6 6.9 6.5
Acquired in-process research and
development costs................... -- 67.4 -- 0.3 -- -- -- --
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses.......... 57.4 120.9 60.7 57.7 62.5 59.9 62.2 63.5
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Income (loss) from operations........... 10.5 (53.4) 6.1 13.0 9.3 12.4 12.5 11.9
Other income, net....................... 1.5 1.4 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Income (loss) before provision (benefit)
for income taxes...................... 12.0 (52.0) 6.2 13.4 9.5 12.5 12.9 12.2
Provision (benefit) for income taxes.... 4.9 (21.1) 2.5 5.4 3.7 4.8 5.0 4.6
----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
Net income (loss)....................... 7.1% (30.9)% 3.7% 8.0% 5.8% 7.7% 7.9% 7.6%
===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== ===== =====
</TABLE>
20
<PAGE> 22
The Company's net sales sometimes experience sequential declines in the
June and September quarters. In the quarter ended June 30, 1997, net sales and
net income declined from the levels experienced in the quarter ended March 31,
1997, primarily due to weakness in demand for the Company's products in
international markets.
In the second half of each of fiscal 1996 and 1997, operating expenses
increased significantly, both in absolute amounts and as a percentage of net
sales, primarily due to increased product development expenses and increased
sales and marketing expenses for the advertising and promotion of Ascent
Capture, Ascent Storage, and NetScan.
The Company's past operating results have been, and its future operating
results will be, subject to fluctuations due to a number of factors, including
the timing of orders from, and shipments to, major customers; the timing of new
product introductions by the Company or its competitors; variations in the mix
of products sold by the Company; changes in pricing policies by the Company, its
competitors or suppliers, including possible decreases in average selling prices
of the Company's products in response to competitive pressures; product returns
or price protection charges from customers; market acceptance of new and
enhanced versions of the Company's products; the availability and cost of key
components; the availability of manufacturing capacity; delays in the
introduction of new products or product enhancements by the Company, the
Company's competitors or other providers of hardware, software and components
for the document imaging market; dependence upon capital spending budgets; and
fluctuations in general economic conditions.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company financed its operations and capital requirements from 1986
through 1989 from the sale of approximately $4.0 million of preferred stock and,
thereafter, through cash flow from operations. The Company's primary sources of
funds at June 30, 1997 consisted of $5.4 million of cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments. In December 1995, $4.6 million of cash was used in
connection with the acquisition of LaserData.
The Company generated cash from operations of $3.7 million during fiscal
1997, primarily due to net income of $2.1 million and depreciation and
amortization. During fiscal 1997, the Company used cash in investing activities
of $3.3 million for capital expenditures and additions to short-term
investments. The Company currently has no significant capital expenditure
commitments.
The Company has an unsecured $2.0 million revolving credit line with
Silicon Valley Bank (the "Bank") and as of June 30, 1997 had no outstanding
balance under the revolving line of credit. The revolving line of credit expires
in October 1997, and the Company intends to enter into negotiations with the
Bank for the renewal of the line of credit. The line of credit agreement
requires the Company to maintain its primary banking relationship with the Bank
while any obligations to the Bank remain outstanding, prohibits the incurrence
of additional debt from sources other than the Bank, except for purchases or
leases of equipment up to $700,000, requires the Company to maintain certain
tangible net worth levels, current ratio percentages and profitability levels
and restricts the payment of dividends without the Bank's prior approval. In
January 1996, the Company entered into a three-year, $1,150,000 term loan. The
proceeds from this offering will be used to prepay the term loan, the balance of
which was $821,400 at June 30, 1997. See "Use of Proceeds."
The Company believes that the net proceeds from the sale of Common Stock
offered by the Company hereby, together with cash flow from operations, if any,
existing cash balances and credit available under the Company's existing credit
facility, will be sufficient to meet its cash requirements for at least the next
12 months.
21
<PAGE> 23
BUSINESS
Kofax is a leading supplier of both document imaging application software
and scanner enhancement products for the imaging and document management market.
The Company specializes in the document capture segment of the market, which
involves converting paper documents to digital electronic images, enhancing and
indexing the images, and then compressing them for routing and storage. The
Company's products are used in conjunction with industry standard personal
computers and personal computer operating systems. The Company sells its
products to a wide variety of document imaging solution providers including
value-added resellers, system integrators, independent software vendors and
computer companies.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
Despite the proliferation of computers, the Association for Information and
Image Management estimates that more than 90% of all business information
continues to be stored on paper in file cabinets. In fact, data processing and
word processing have created more paper rather than less.
Document imaging systems are designed to increase operating efficiencies in
paper intensive industries by converting paper documents into electronic images
and then managing the routing and storage of these images. Some of the many uses
of document imaging systems include expediting the processing of loan
applications by financial institutions, processing of insurance claims, speeding
the processing of new drug applications with the FDA for pharmaceutical
companies, and archiving images for local government agencies such as land deed
offices and tax assessors. According to International Data Corporation, software
revenue for the imaging, workflow and document management industry was
approximately $2.3 billion in 1996 and is projected to grow approximately 30%
annually over the next four years.
The benefits of imaging systems include saving companies money by providing
less expensive storage of documents; improving customer service by allowing
workers faster access to files; allowing multiple users to access files
simultaneously; and providing remote access to documents via commercial
telephone lines or the Internet.
To allow documents to be electronically stored, retrieved and routed, most
imaging systems perform the following five functions:
- DOCUMENT CAPTURE performs the initial scanning and indexing of paper
documents.
- OPTICAL STORAGE is used for permanent storage of the scanned digital
images.
- RETRIEVAL AND DISPLAY software allows users to query the system and
display stored images.
- DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT provides centralized management and administration of
large volumes of documents.
- WORKFLOW allows for the automation of routine work processes by routing
documents electronically throughout an organization.
Document capture and optical storage are critical components of all
document imaging systems. Document capture subsystems perform the initial
scanning and conversion of paper documents into digital images as well as the
indexing of the documents for later retrieval by the imaging system. Indexing is
frequently assisted by optical character recognition (OCR), which recognizes
typewritten characters and converts them into computer-readable text, and by
image cleanup, which improves the accuracy of OCR and makes images more
readable.
Optical storage is the most commonly used method of permanently storing
scanned images because of its low cost and high reliability. Optical disks and
optical "jukeboxes" (robotic devices that manage large libraries of optical
disks) are managed by specialized software that allows users to retrieve optical
disks, read and write files from them, and perform automatic backups.
22
<PAGE> 24
THE KOFAX SOLUTION
Kofax develops, markets and supports document capture and image storage
application software, image processing accelerators, and has recently introduced
a workgroup scanning product. The Company believes that its product lines are
well positioned to take advantage of major trends in the imaging and document
management market.
Component Software
Until the mid-1990s, most imaging and document management solutions were
closed monolithic systems supplied by turnkey vendors. Beginning in 1995,
however, specialized vendors began competing with these turnkey imaging systems
by selling individual software components through networks of VARs and system
integrators who would then integrate components from different vendors into a
complete solution for end users. The diagram below shows the breaking down of
monolithic integrated imaging systems into discrete component software
applications.
EVOLUTION OF DOCUMENT IMAGING SOLUTIONS
[MONOLITHIC
Although turnkey systems have the advantage of being supported by a single
vendor, best of breed component applications systems have gained
popularity due to their lower cost, greater flexibility, easier
upgradability, and greater depth of features.
Component systems have the advantage of being more flexible, less costly,
and easier to upgrade than comparable turnkey systems. In an effort to
capitalize on the component imaging trend, Kofax began shipping its Ascent
family of component software applications in January 1995. The first Ascent
application, Ascent Capture, was designed to reduce the cost of the scanning and
indexing process, which is usually extremely labor intensive and therefore an
expensive ongoing function of most imaging and document management systems.
Ascent Capture reduces manual labor by using automated recognition techniques
such as optical character recognition (OCR) and bar code recognition and by
automating the flow of images through the entire capture process. In addition,
sophisticated validation techniques ensure the accuracy of the indexing process
without requiring costly human intervention. In 1996, the Company introduced
Ascent Storage, an application for managing image repositories on optical
jukeboxes. In component based systems, applications such as Ascent Capture and
Ascent Storage are combined by resellers and system integrators with other
software components, such as document management software from Documentum, Inc.,
to form complete imaging and document management solutions.
23
<PAGE> 25
Image Processing Accelerators
Kofax's first products, image processing accelerators, were designed to
give PCs sufficient processing power to operate high-speed scanners and then
compress and store the resulting images. The acceptance of PCs as replacements
for proprietary imaging workstations grew as Microsoft Windows became the most
popular client software environment for document imaging applications and as
PC-based LANs gained acceptance for large scale business applications.
More recently, as the speed and sophistication of imaging systems has
increased, so too have the requirements for image processing. To meet this
demand, Kofax continues to provide a family of hardware accelerators and
development tools that allow Pentium-class PCs to perform high-speed scanning,
image cleanup, and recognition functions, including operations such as
deskewing, despeckling, line removal, bar code recognition, and forms
recognition. These functions, which have grown increasingly CPU intensive, make
document images more readable, allow OCR to operate more accurately and decrease
the storage requirements for compressed images. The following diagram
illustrates the evolution of Kofax image processing accelerator technology.
EVOLUTION OF KOFAX ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY
LOGO
As the demand for image processing functions in document capture
applications has increased, Kofax has introduced successive generations of
accelerators, each with the ability to perform additional functions
without slowing down the scanner.
In order to allow these image processing functions to operate at the rated
speed of modern scanners (40 to 150 pages per minute), Kofax develops core
algorithms that can be executed on the most cost-effective platform available in
any particular system. This involves producing algorithms that execute variously
on host PCs, on RISC processors embedded in hardware accelerators, on DSPs, or
on proprietary ASICs. By balancing the execution of algorithms across these
platforms, Kofax systems can simultaneously perform multiple image processing
functions at speeds as high as 250 images per minute.
Workgroup Scanning
The growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web has spawned an increasing
use of low-end color desktop scanners in departments as well as in smaller
workgroups. Kofax has recently introduced a network scan server called NetScan
that allows these scanners to be shared among multiple users.
24
<PAGE> 26
NetScan connects a flatbed scanner directly to a network and allows any
individual in a workgroup to scan an image and have it routed directly back to
his or her desktop or anywhere else on the network. These images can then be
distributed to others at lower cost than express mail and higher quality than a
fax or, can be inserted directly into any Windows application, such as a Web
publishing tool or a word processor.
STRATEGY
Kofax's primary growth strategy is to expand its addressable markets by
developing new products that leverage its core image processing technologies.
Execution of the Company's strategy involves the following key elements:
Expand Addressable Market for Component Software
Kofax is expanding into two new markets related to document capture and
optical storage in which it does not presently compete:
- Forms processing involves capturing data from printed forms and storing
the information in a database. Today, this data entry market is primarily
manual, with workers reading paper documents and keying information into
a mainframe database. Kofax plans to compete in this substantial market
with a forth-coming version of Ascent Capture that performs image
assisted data entry, in which paper forms are scanned, zoned, OCRed, and
the data stored with little or no human participation. This software will
make use of sophisticated forms recognition technology to automatically
recognize different form types, zonal image cleanup algorithms to
optimize different parts of the forms for the highest possible accuracy
in automated recognition, handprint recognition techniques in addition to
OCR (machine print) techniques, and automated validation procedures to
ensure the accuracy of the index data.
- Transparent storage is a method of managing optical devices that makes
the device work like just another drive letter on a network. The current
version of Ascent Storage can be used only with applications that have
been written using a Kofax toolkit and is therefore limited to VARs and
system integrators with programming skills and specialized requirements.
In 1998 Kofax expects to introduce a transparent version of Ascent
Storage for Windows NT networks that requires no programming and can be
used with any standard Windows application. This will broaden the market
for Ascent Storage to include Kofax's entire current distribution channel
of VARs and distributors.
Expand Addressable Market for Scanner Enhancement Products
Currently, Kofax accelerator boards are PC-based controllers that are
compatible only with scanners that use a proprietary interface known as a
"video" interface. Kofax is applying its accelerator technology to two new
markets, SCSI scanners and OEM scanner resident controllers:
- SCSI scanners use the standard SCSI interface technology that is also
used by hard disks and other common PC peripherals. This interface has
grown more popular in the past three years, and in August 1997 Kofax
introduced a new family of hardware accelerators that are compatible with
both video and SCSI scanners. SCSI scanners make up about half the total
market for high-speed document imaging scanners, and the Company believes
that the introduction of these new accelerator boards will allow Kofax to
aggressively compete in this market segment.
- In addition to image processing functions performed by Kofax accelerators
in host PCs, scanner manufacturers use specialized scanner resident image
processing boards to perform certain types of basic image manipulation
that are best executed on raw image data before it is passed to the PC.
Kofax has developed advanced technologies that the Company believes will
allow it to compete aggressively in this market on an OEM basis,
providing scanner manufacturers with a low-cost image processing board
that provides enhanced functionality.
25
<PAGE> 27
Pursue Workgroup Scanning
Kofax intends to be a leader in the emerging product category of workgroup
scanning, and plans to continue investing in NetScan and in certain follow-on
products related to workgroup network scanning. Kofax believes that the growth
of the Internet will continue to drive growth in the market for color desktop
scanners, and that Kofax is well positioned to take advantage of this trend.
Maintain and Expand Distribution Channels and Technical Support
Kofax has pursued a two-tier distribution strategy for eight years and
believes it has developed considerable expertise in selling to and supporting
this channel. Kofax plans to continue investing heavily in products that can be
effectively sold through VARs and distributors, and also plans to continue
investing heavily in technical support, an area that it believes differentiates
Kofax from its competitors.
PRODUCTS
Kofax offers products in two basic areas, both aimed at the imaging and
document management market:
- Component Application Software. The Ascent family of component software
applications today consists of Ascent Capture, a scanning and indexing
application, and Ascent Storage, an optical storage manager for Windows
NT and Novell NetWare networks.
- Scanner Enhancement Products. This area includes the KIPP and Adrenaline
families of PC-based hardware accelerators for scanning and image
processing; developers' toolkits for scanning, image processing and
optical storage; NetScan, a box level product designed to connect a
low-end scanner directly to a local area network; and OEM hardware
designed to improve image quality inside a scanner.
Component Application Software
The Ascent family is a set of standalone software components designed to be
used in conjunction with components from other vendors to form a complete
imaging and document management system. Ascent applications are independent of
both database and network operating system selection, allowing them to work in a
high percentage of existing corporate IT environments. The first Ascent product
commenced shipment in January 1995, and sales of Ascent products currently
account for approximately 20% of the Company's overall net sales. The Company
expects that its Ascent products will contribute an increasing share of the
Company's net sales in the future. See "Risk Factors -- Dependence Upon Certain
Products for Current and Future Operating Results."
Ascent Capture is a batch-oriented document capture software application
designed to process up to 100,000 documents per day at high throughput and low
cost. The goal of Ascent Capture is to reduce the long-term operating cost of
production document capture by incorporating key technologies that are normally
found only in expensive turnkey imaging systems.
26
<PAGE> 28
Document capture is a sequential process that involves several steps, each
of which typically executes on a workstation on a network. The table below
explains each of the steps that make up a complete document capture subsystem.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPERATION DESCRIPTION ASCENT BENEFITS
Scanning Converts paper documents into Ascent Capture implements a batch scanning
compressed images. system to increase throughput and reduce
the number of scanners and scanner
operators required.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OCR and Image Cleans up image, reads and Image processing cleans up the scanned
Processing retrieves index keywords. image and makes OCR more accurate.
Preprinted forms can be zoned and
automatically indexed by optical character
recognition of the zones.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexing and Assigns index keywords to all Bar codes can automate indexing and reduce
Quality documents so that they can be hand keying. For manual indexing, input
Assurance retrieved later. screens are designed for efficient "heads
up" indexing. To ensure accuracy, custom
validation rules can be enforced for each
index field.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rescanning Sends poorly scanned Ascent Capture keeps track of rejected
documents back to be pages and allows rescanning of single pages
rescanned. within a batch. Rescanned pages are
automatically inserted back into batches in
the proper order.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Release Exports images to long-term Ascent Capture supports release of
storage and indexes to a documents to standard optical systems and
permanent database. common SQL databases. Database schema
conversion is built into the Ascent Capture
system.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
In Ascent Capture, each of these operations is integrated via internal
queues that provide scalability and flexibility. This allows Ascent Capture to
be used in many different environments, from mid-range systems with only a few
stations to enterprise installations with multiple scanners feeding multiple
OCR, index, rescan and release stations. Ascent's internal routing system
maximizes efficiency for every station and operator.
A typical mid-range capture system consists of one or two scan/rescan
stations and two to four stations performing image processing, OCR, indexing and
release. Ascent Capture has a recommended end user list price of $7,995 for each
high-end scan station, $3,495 for each mid-range scan station, and $2,495 for
all other stations, such as OCR, indexing or release. An update service,
available at a price equal to 15% of the software's list price, provides
customers with software upgrades for a period of 12 months.
27
<PAGE> 29
ASCENT CAPTURE PROCESS
[THE ASCENT CAPTURE PROCESS]
Ascent Storage is an optical storage manager for Windows NT and Novell
NetWare networks. It works with applications written with the StorageControls
toolkit and allows these applications to efficiently read and write files to an
optical storage device on the network. Ascent Storage supports WORM
(nonerasable) optical drives, MO (rewritable) drives, and optical jukeboxes that
use mechanical robotics to swap libraries of optical disks into a single drive
on an as-needed basis.
The goal of Ascent Storage is to allow imaging applications to access
optical storage, which is inherently slower than magnetic storage, in the most
efficient possible way. Applications compatible with Ascent Storage can
communicate directly with optical jukeboxes on the network and can intelligently
pre-fetch archived files from optical to magnetic storage, providing users with
the fastest possible file access. In addition, Ascent Storage allows system
managers to manage off-line volumes (off-line disks that have been removed from
the jukebox and stored on a shelf), make real time backups, and check the status
and performance of all optical devices on their network.
Ascent Storage is priced on a device basis. Each optical device on the
network requires a separate Ascent Storage license, ranging in price from $995
for a standalone optical drive to $19,995 for a large optical jukebox. An update
service, available at a price equal to 15% of the software's list price,
provides customers with software upgrades for a period of 12 months.
28
<PAGE> 30
Scanner Enhancement Products
Kofax manufactures a wide variety of hardware and toolkits designed to
accelerate scanning and image processing functions on PCs.
Kofax accelerator boards are used to connect high-speed scanners to PCs and
perform critical image processing operations on the images after they are
scanned. Kofax's recently announced fourth generation of accelerators, to be
sold under the brand name Adrenaline, will contain memory, an on-board RISC
processor, one or two DSP devices, and proprietary ASICs that will accelerate
functions that are too processor intensive to execute efficiently on the PC's
processor.
Because standard processors commonly used in PCs are optimized to work on
bytes rather than bits, even fast PCs driven by Pentium-class processors are
poorly suited to perform image processing and are typically unable to perform
complex image processing in real time. Kofax accelerators are designed primarily
to optimize these image processing operations.
Typical image processing functions performed by Kofax hardware accelerators
include image deskewing, despeckling, deshading, line removal, edge enhancement,
bar code recognition, forms recognition, and others, all of which execute in
real time at scanner speeds of 40 to 150 pages per minute. The following diagram
illustrates Kofax's scanner enhancement technologies.
ADRENALINE ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY
[IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEM]
The image processing engine used on the Adrenaline family of
accelerator boards performs a variety of image processing functions that
make images more readable, increase the accuracy of OCR, and reduce the
compressed file size.
The Adrenaline family will include four models with list prices of $3,500
and $1,500 for the two hardware models and prices of $1,100 and $400 for the two
software engines. The hardware accelerators are generally used to connect
scanners that run at approximately 40 pages per minute and above while the
software engines are entry level products that support only SCSI scanners and
support speeds of up to approximately 30 pages per minute.
29
<PAGE> 31
Special versions of the hardware accelerators are available for IBM
ImagePlus systems. These versions account for about 10% of total accelerator
revenue. These IBM-specific products have list prices ranging from $4,000 to
$9,000.
An internal development project, expected to result in shipments in
calendar 1998, is currently underway to produce a scanner resident image
processing board that will be sold on an OEM basis to scanner vendors and
shipped as an integral part of the scanner. This product will perform extremely
high-speed functions designed to improve image quality inside the scanner before
the image is delivered to the PC, by performing tasks such as grayscale
thresholding, certain types of image manipulation and cleanup, and automatic
page segmentation. Other functions will be added on a custom basis depending on
the requirements of the particular OEM.
Software toolkit products are designed for system developers creating
customized imaging and workflow solutions. The software toolkits provide a
powerful and easy environment for developing custom document capture and
document storage applications that take advantage of the features of Kofax
hardware accelerators and optical storage management software.
ImageControls is a set of 16-bit and 32-bit ActiveX controls designed for
use with Visual Basic and Visual C++. Using ImageControls, developers can build
applications that run on either Windows NT or Windows 95 workstations and
perform high-speed scanning, printing, image display, image cleanup (deskew,
despeckle, line removal, etc.), bar code recognition, and automatic forms
recognition. Three versions of the toolkit are available, ranging in price from
$1,000 to $5,000.
StorageControls is a set of 32-bit ActiveX controls that allows developers
to add to their applications the ability to read and write files directly to
optical jukeboxes on Windows NT and Novell NetWare networks. StorageControls
works in either a Visual Basic or Visual C++ environment and allows access both
to standalone optical drives as well as high-volume optical jukeboxes.
StorageControls is included in the high-end versions of ImageControls, and can
also be purchased separately at a list price of $1,000.
Developer toolkits do not contribute significant revenue to the Company but
are an important part of its overall marketing strategy. When a Kofax toolkit is
used to build an application, support is automatically built in for Kofax
hardware accelerators (with ImageControls) or Kofax storage engines (with
StorageControls). Sales of these products therefore depend heavily on gaining
widespread use of Kofax toolkits among application developers in the imaging
market.
NetScan is a small, box-level hardware device with communications software
that connects any Hewlett Packard ScanJet scanner to a local area network.
NetScan allows an entire workgroup to share a flatbed scanner, and its simple
keypad interface makes it as easy to use as a fax machine. To use NetScan, users
enter a personal ID code into the keypad, scan their document, and press the
"Send" key. The scanned image is routed to their desktop via standard e-mail
packages such as Microsoft Exchange or Lotus cc:Mail, at lower cost than express
mail and higher quality than a fax.
NetScan supports both color and black and white scanning and is commonly
used either for electronic document distribution by scanning documents and
routing them over the Internet, or for casual workgroup scanning of images for
use in presentations, Web pages, advertising, and similar applications.
NetScan began shipping in October 1996 and does not yet contribute
substantial revenue to the Company. It is available through national
distributors and mail order catalogs and has a suggested list price of $895.
TECHNOLOGY/RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
As of July 31, 1997, the Company's research and development group consisted
of 59 employees, of which 49 people manage, develop or test the Company's
software products. During the fiscal years ended June 30, 1995, 1996 and 1997,
research and development expenses were $3.7 million, $5.1 million and $6.7
million, respectively. The Company anticipates that it will continue to commit
substantial resources to product development in the future. See "Risk
Factors -- Rapid Technological Change."
30
<PAGE> 32
As is common in the imaging and document management industry, the Company
licenses various software from third parties and includes or uses such software
in certain of the Company's application software products. To date, royalties
payable under such license arrangements are less than 10% of the selling price
of the software products.
Algorithm Development
An important aspect of the Company's research and development effort
involves developing proprietary, state-of-the-art image processing algorithms.
These algorithms are highly specialized and depend on a detailed knowledge of
advanced mathematics and computational processes. These algorithms are
encapsulated in proprietary ASICs, digital signal processor code and traditional
C and assembly language code.
The Company's library of algorithms covers two basic areas:
Recognition. This includes algorithms such as bar code recognition, patch
code detection and automatic forms recognition. These algorithms are widely used
to automate the indexing of scanned documents, thus lowering the ongoing labor
cost of the imaging operation.
Image enhancement. These algorithms are used to clean up scanned images so
that recognition operations run with greater accuracy. Image enhancement is used
to improve both the Company's recognition functions and recognition functions
performed by third party products, such as OCR and handprint recognition. This
is a key area of development, as very small increases in OCR accuracy can save
substantial amounts in annual operating costs for an imaging installation.
A key part of this development is tuning the Company's algorithms for
maximum speed. Customers typically prefer to perform image processing during
scanning, which can only be done if all required algorithms execute in less time
than it takes to scan a page (usually one second or less). The Company believes
that its ability to perform image processing in real-time is one of its key
competitive advantages.
The software development group includes engineers with significant design
experience in applied and theoretical image processing, real-time operating
systems, DOS and Windows operating systems, user interfaces, and embedded
systems and firmware. The software development group was an early adopter of
object oriented software development tools and now maintains an expanding base
of reusable code. The hardware design group includes engineers with significant
design experience in high-speed digital electronics, ASICs, field programmable
gate arrays, computer buses, complex computer systems and design for
manufacturability.
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION
Kofax pursues a two-tier distribution strategy. During fiscal 1997, Kofax
had over 50 stocking distributors in 32 countries who accounted for 76.6% of net
sales. Most of the Company's distributors specialize in document image
processing as either their sole business or as a major component of their
business. In fiscal 1997, three of these distributors, Tech Data Corporation,
Law-Cypress Distributing Co. and Cranel Inc. accounted for 14%, 14%, and 10%,
respectively, of the Company's total net sales. See "Risk Factors -- Dependence
Upon Distribution Channels."
In addition, the Company has a direct sales force that works closely with
its distribution channel. Kofax maintains five sales offices in the U.S. staffed
by technical sales managers and application engineers. The Company's European
headquarters in London covers Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Africa and the
Middle East. Two full-time sales people based in the Irvine, California office
cover Asia and South America. In fiscal 1997, approximately 66% of net sales
were generated in the United States, 25% in Europe and 9% in Asia, South America
and the rest of the world.
Kofax products generally reach the end user through the Company's two
distribution channels. Each of these sales channels plays a different role in
the Company's overall distribution strategy:
Distributors. Most Kofax products flow initially through one of the
Company's distributors. Distributors service a large base of VARs and resellers
and are responsible for handling credit issues and stocking product
31
<PAGE> 33
to provide quick shipping turnaround. The Company's distributors generally do
not stock significant amounts of inventory of the Company's products, as these
products are typically incorporated by resellers into complete imaging and
document management systems which are configured shortly before scheduled
delivery to end-user customers.
VARs/Resellers. VARs and resellers typically integrate Kofax products into
a specific solution that they then sell to an existing base of customers in such
markets as healthcare and banking. The Company has selected and trained over 300
Ascent Certified Resellers (ACRs) who incorporate the Company's application
software components into complete imaging and document management systems. The
ACRs are the primary focus of the Company's component software sales strategy
and, accordingly, the Company is investing significantly in training and support
of these resellers.
Because NetScan is aimed at a broader audience than the Company's other
products, it uses a different distribution model. NetScan is sold primarily
through national distributors, rather than specialist imaging distributors, and
is also available through several mail order catalog houses. In addition,
NetScan is marketed by a direct inside sales telemarketing operation.
END USERS
Although Kofax generally does not sell products directly to end users, the
Company has an extensive and diverse list of end-user customers who are serviced
and supported by its distributors and resellers. The list below, which was
derived from the Company's database of warranty registration cards received over
the past year, is illustrative of the wide range of industries and organizations
using the Company's products. There can be no assurance that any of the listed
organizations have purchased a material amount of the Company's products or that
they will purchase the Company's products in the future.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
MANUFACTURING FINANCIAL/BANKING SYSTEM INTEGRATORS
Kaiser Aluminum Corp. Franklin Templeton EDS Corp.
Rubbermaid Incorporated Home Federal Savings Lucent Technologies Inc.
Siemens AG Association of Nampa Unisys Corporation
Sallie Mae
- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OIL AND CHEMICALS STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Royal Canadian Mounted Police The British Petroleum Co. City of Minneapolis
P.L.C.
U.S. Marshal Service Chevron Corporation Idaho Dept. of Health
U.S. Navy The Dow Chemical Co. Kern County Auditor
- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
ELECTRONICS SERVICES/DISTRIBUTION EDUCATION
Digital Equipment Corp. Automobile Club of So. Calif. Calif. State University
Hayward
General Electric Co. Avis, Inc. University of Oklahoma
Hewlett-Packard Co. Sysco Corp. University of Wisconsin
- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
HEALTHCARE INSURANCE UTILITIES
Baxter Healthcare Corp. Life Insurance Company of Kentucky Utilities Co.
Blue Cross and Blue Shield Virginia St. Johns River Water
Association Midland Risk Insurance Management District
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Company Southern California Edison Co.
New York Life Insurance Co.
</TABLE>
MARKETING
The bulk of the Company's marketing efforts are aimed at generating
short-term leads for itself and its distribution partners. Promotional efforts
are closely tracked and follow-up surveys help determine the effectiveness of
various marketing programs. This process is automated and is designed to ensure
that leads are fulfilled promptly and by the appropriate channel partner.
32
<PAGE> 34
Longer term marketing efforts include education of end users via periodic
roadshows, trend and opinion articles placed in key publications, and meetings
with industry analysts. The Company actively uses its marketing efforts to
position itself as both a technological leader and an active supporter of
industry trade associations and standards committees. Currently, the Company's
Chief Executive Officer is Vice-Chair of the Board of Directors of the
industry's largest trade association, the Association for Information and Image
Management.
The Company has several specialized marketing programs designed to reach
specific audiences. The first three of these programs are used to promote the
Ascent product family and are considered important to the long-term success of
Ascent:
The Ascent Reseller Program is designed to attract qualified resellers for
the Company's Ascent family of products. Resellers are accepted into the program
if they meet a set of predefined criteria that includes a minimum level of
technical expertise, experience in the imaging channel and payment of a $3,000
fee. Benefits of the program include demonstration software, free training,
collateral materials, lead support and cooperative marketing funds.
The Component Application Partner Program is aimed at other vendors in the
imaging market who make products complementary to Ascent Capture and Ascent
Storage. Companies are accepted into the program if they support the engineering
work required to write an interface between Ascent and their products. Benefits
include extensive technical support, cooperative marketing opportunities and
reference sales.
Training is provided for the Ascent product family to all qualified
resellers and, for a fee, to interested end users. The basic training class is
three days long and costs $1,495.
The ImageControls ISV Program is targeted at independent software vendors
and provides incentives for these vendors to use Kofax toolkits and support
Kofax accelerators. Benefits of this program include reduced price software and
hardware, lead support, cooperative advertising and inclusion in the Company's
annual ISV catalog.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
The Company believes its ability to provide comprehensive service, support
and training to its distributors, resellers and customers is an important factor
in its business. A high level of continuing service and support is fundamental
to helping developers, distributors and resellers be successful in selling and
supporting the Company's products. The Company's customer support and training
departments currently provide the following services:
Technical Support. A support staff of 11 engineers provides telephone, fax
and electronic mail support to the entire customer base. Additionally,
authorized resellers and subscribers to the support service program have
extended access to the Internet support site, which contains technical articles,
programming tips and source code samples.
Ascent Certified Resellers are entitled to full support under their
reseller program while Ascent end users may purchase an annual support contract
for $995. For software developers who purchase toolkit products, the Company
provides four months of free technical support, after which annual support costs
are between $795 and $995. End users of the Company's software and hardware
engines may contact this group at no charge for routine product installation and
configuration questions.
Software Upgrades. Customers of the Company's developer software toolkit
products receive free software upgrades as part of their subscription to the
Company's technical support program. Customers of the Ascent application
software products may purchase an update service for 15% of the product's list
price, which provides the customer with software upgrades for a period of 12
months.
Customer Education. The Company provides comprehensive product training to
authorized resellers of the Company's Ascent family of application software
products.
33
<PAGE> 35
Hardware Repair or Replacement. The Company provides a warranty on all of
its hardware products for up to two years after installation. Customers with
hardware problems during the warranty period may return their hardware directly
to the Company, or in some cases to their local authorized distributor, for free
repair or replacement. Customers with hardware problems not covered under
warranty may purchase hardware repair service for a flat fee plus shipping
costs.
The Company maintains sales and support offices in the United States and
Europe. The Company believes that existing field sales and support facilities
are adequate to meet its current requirements. The Company plans to continue to
expand its field sales and support facilities worldwide where appropriate to
further penetrate existing and new market opportunities.
COMPETITION
In the imaging and document management industry, the market for scanner
enhancement hardware and software application components is highly competitive
and is characterized by rapid changes in technology and frequent introductions
of new platforms and features. The Company expects competition to increase as
other companies introduce additional and more competitive products in the
emerging imaging and document management market. In its accelerator board and
developer toolkit business, the Company competes primarily with a number of
small private companies. In its Ascent business, Kofax competes indirectly
against suppliers of turnkey systems as well as directly with other component
software vendors, more of whom are expected to enter the market over the next
few years. Some of the Company's existing competitors, as well as a number of
potential competitors, in the document imaging application software segment of
the market have larger technical staffs, greater brand name recognition and
market presence, more established and larger marketing and sales organizations
and substantially greater financial resources than the Company. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully against current
and future competitors or that competitive pressures faced by the Company will
not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results,
cash flows and financial condition.
The Company believes that the competitive factors affecting the market for
the Company's products include product performance, price and quality; product
functionality and features; the availability of products for existing and future
platforms; the ease of integration of the products with other hardware and
software components of document imaging systems; and the quality of customer
support services, documentation and training. The relative importance of each of
these factors depends upon the specific end user involved. There can be no
assurance that the Company will be able to compete effectively with respect to
any of these factors.
The Company's present or future competitors may be able to develop products
comparable or superior to those offered by the Company or adapt more quickly
than the Company to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. In order
to remain successful in the imaging and document management market, the Company
must respond to technological change, customer requirements and competitors'
current products, product enhancements and innovations. In particular, the
Company recently introduced its NetScan networked scan server product and is
currently developing additional products and product enhancements in an effort
to address customer requirements in response to technological changes. However,
there can be no assurance that the Company will successfully complete the
development or introduction of these products on a timely basis or that these
products will achieve market acceptance. Accordingly, there can be no assurance
that the Company will be able to continue to compete effectively in its market,
that competition will not intensify or that future competition will not have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results, cash flows
and financial condition.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The Company believes that its success is strongly related to its reputation
for technology, product innovation, technical competence, technical customer
support and the response of management to customers' needs. The Company
currently holds no patents and relies on a combination of copyright, trademark
and trade secret laws, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements,
licensing arrangements and other security measures (which afford only limited
protection) to establish and protect its software, proprietary algorithms and
other proprietary technology. Despite these precautions, there can be no
assurance that the Company will be successful in protecting its proprietary
technology, or that the Company's competitors will not indepen-
34
<PAGE> 36
dently develop products or technologies that are substantially equivalent or
superior to the Company's products and technologies. It is possible that
unauthorized third parties will copy or reverse engineer portions of the
Company's products or otherwise obtain and use information which the Company
regards as proprietary. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not
protect the Company's proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the
United States. The failure or inability of the Company to protect its
intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on its
business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition.
The PC hardware and software industry is characterized by vigorous
protection of intellectual property rights, which has resulted in significant
and often protracted and expensive litigation. Litigation may be necessary to
protect the Company's intellectual property rights and trade secrets, to
determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to
defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. There can be no assurance
that infringement, invalidity, right to use or ownership claims by third parties
will not be asserted against the Company in the future. The Company expects that
it will increasingly be subject to such claims as the number of products and
competitors in the imaging and document management market grows and the
functionality of such products overlaps with other industry segments. If any
claims or actions are asserted against the Company, the Company may seek to
obtain a license under a third party's intellectual property rights. There can
be no assurance, however, that a license will be available upon reasonable
terms, if at all. In addition, should the Company decide to litigate such
claims, such litigation could be expensive, protracted and time consuming, could
divert management's attention from other matters, could cause product shipment
delays and could materially adversely affect the Company's business, operating
results, cash flows and financial condition, regardless of the outcome of the
litigation.
MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLIERS
The Company manufactures its products at its headquarters facility in
Irvine, California. The Company's manufacturing strategy focuses on producing
high quality products while controlling costs and maintaining the flexibility
necessary to introduce new products quickly and react to changing customer
demand. The Company's manufacturing operations consist primarily of materials
and procurement management, functional testing and final assembly of products,
burn-in, quality assurance and shipping. The Company employs one local
independent subcontractor to perform printed circuit board level assembly. The
Company purchases all components and raw materials and consigns them to its
assembly subcontractor. Cable assemblies are purchased complete from a company
that specializes in cable assembly manufacture. The Company has in-house
software duplication capability, but also uses subcontractors for software
duplication. Each of the Company's products undergoes thorough testing and
quality inspection at the final assembly stages of production.
The Company purchases circuit boards, integrated circuits and other
components from third parties. The Company's dependence on third-party suppliers
involves several risks, including limited control over pricing, availability,
quality and delivery schedules. The Company is dependent on sole-source
suppliers for ASICs and certain critical components used in its products. The
Company generally purchases sole-sourced components pursuant to purchase orders
placed in the ordinary course of business and has no guaranteed supply
arrangements with any of its sole-source suppliers. There can be no assurance
that the Company will not experience quality control problems or supply
shortages for these components in the future. Although the Company has attempted
to mitigate these risks by identifying alternate sources of sole-sourced
components and buying significant safety stocks. Any quality control problems or
interruptions in supply with respect to one or more components could have a
material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results, cash flows
and financial condition. Because of the Company's reliance on these vendors, the
Company may also be subject to increases in component costs which could
materially adversely affect its business, operating results, cash flows and
financial condition.
The Company relies on third-party subcontractors for the manufacture of
certain of its products and components such as cable assemblies and circuit
boards. Reliance on third-party subcontractors involves several risks, including
the potential inadequacy of capacity, the unavailability of or interruptions in
access to certain process technologies and reduced control over product quality,
delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. Shortages of raw materials
to or production capacity constraints at the Company's
35
<PAGE> 37
subcontractors could negatively affect the Company's ability to meet its
production obligations and result in increased prices for affected parts. Any
such factor may result in delays in shipments of the Company's products or
increases in the prices of components, either of which could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results, cash flows and
financial condition.
BACKLOG
The Company typically ships its products within a short period after
acceptance of purchase orders from distributors and other customers.
Accordingly, the Company typically does not have a material backlog of unfilled
orders, and net sales in any quarter are substantially dependent on orders
booked in that quarter. Any significant weakening in customer demand would
therefore have an almost immediate adverse impact on the Company's operating
results and on the Company's ability to maintain profitability.
EMPLOYEES
As of July 31, 1997, the Company employed 151 individuals, including 59 in
research and development, 56 in sales, marketing and customer support, 14 in
manufacturing and 22 in administration, finance and MIS. The Company regularly
seeks to identify skilled engineering and other potential employee candidates,
and has found that competition for qualified personnel in the computer software
industry is intense. The Company believes that its ability to recruit and retain
highly skilled technical and other management personnel will be critical to its
ability to execute its business plans. None of the Company's employees is
represented by a labor union or is subject to a collective bargaining agreement.
The Company believes that its relations with its employees are good.
FACILITIES
The Company leases approximately 44,000 square feet of space in Irvine,
California, which serves as its headquarters. This space is used for research
and development, manufacturing, sales and marketing, customer support and
administration. The Company's lease expires in January 1999. The Company
believes that it will reach the effective capacity of this space when its lease
expires and will undertake to locate a new facility and to relocate its
headquarters. The Company believes there are adequate amounts of affordable
space in the nearby area, but expects that its rent expense will increase after
fiscal 1998 as a result of this relocation. The Company also leases
approximately 10,000 square feet of space in Tyngsboro, Massachusetts, which is
occupied by the Ascent Storage development team. This lease expires in August
2000.
The Company also maintains a number of sales and support offices in the
United States and Europe. The Company believes that existing field sales and
support facilities are adequate to meet its current requirements. The Company
plans to continue to expand its field sales and support facilities worldwide
where appropriate to further penetrate existing and new market opportunities.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On September 26, 1997, VisionShape, Inc. ("VisionShape") filed suit against
the Company in the Superior Court of Orange County, California. VisionShape
claims that the Company's Adrenaline accelerator boards prevent the use of
software other than the Company's software, which, the complaint alleges,
creates a monopoly or otherwise constitutes a tying arrangement in violation of
state and federal antitrust laws. VisionShape seeks unspecified monetary damages
and costs as well as equitable remedies, including an order enjoining the
Company from selling its Adrenaline accelerator boards. VisionShape also seeks
treble damages and attorneys' fees. Based upon information currently available
to the Company, the Company believes VisionShape's claims are without merit and
intends to contest vigorously any action against the Company. However, it is too
early to determine the outcome of such suit and there can be no assurance as to
the eventual outcome of such actions. Any determination against the Company in
the litigation or the settlement of such claims could have a material adverse
effect on the Company's business, results of operation, cash flows and financial
condition. See "Risk Factors -- Legal Proceedings." The Company is not a party
to any other material legal proceedings.
36
<PAGE> 38
MANAGEMENT
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
The executive officers and directors of the Company, and their ages as of
July 31, 1997, are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
- ----------------------------------- --- ---------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
David S. Silver.................... 39 Chief Executive Officer, President and
Chairman of the Board
Dean A. Hough...................... 39 Vice President, Engineering and
Director
Richard M. Murphy.................. 50 Vice President, Sales
Ronald J. Fikert................... 48 Vice President, Finance, Chief
Financial Officer and Secretary
Dennis Joyce....................... 50 Vice President, Operations
Kevin Drum......................... 38 Vice President, Marketing
Alexander P. Cilento(2)............ 48 Director
William E. Drobish(2).............. 58 Director
Clifford L. Haas(1)................ 40 Director
B. Allen Lay(1).................... 62 Director
David C. Seigle(1)(2).............. 57 Director
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Member of the Compensation Committee.
(2) Member of Audit Committee.
David S. Silver co-founded the Company in August 1985 and has served as
President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company since its
inception. From 1982 to 1985, Mr. Silver was employed by FileNet Corporation, a
manufacturer of document image processing systems, as a member of the
development team for the FileNet imaging system. Prior to 1982, Mr. Silver held
various engineering positions with MAI Basic Four Corporation, a manufacturer of
computer equipment and associated application software programs.
Dean A. Hough co-founded the Company in August 1985 and has served as Vice
President, Engineering and a director of the Company since its inception. From
1983 to 1985, Mr. Hough was employed by FileNet Corporation, where he
participated in the development of a variety of the imaging components of the
FileNet imaging system. Prior to 1983, Mr. Hough held various design and
engineering positions with MAI Basic Four Corporation and Scientific Atlanta, a
manufacturer of scientific instruments and equipment.
Richard M. Murphy joined the Company as a Vice President, Sales in November
1989. From 1984 to 1989, Mr. Murphy held various sales management positions with
Emulex Corporation, a manufacturer of computer storage, communications, graphics
and peripheral products, where he served as Vice President, Domestic Sales from
September 1987 to January 1989 and as Vice President, North American Sales from
January 1989 to November 1989. Prior to 1984, Mr. Murphy held various sales
positions with Hamilton-Avnet Electronics, Kierulff Electronics and Telefile
Computer Products.
Ronald J. Fikert joined the Company as Vice President, Finance in February
1990. From March 1989 to February 1990, Mr. Fikert worked as an independent
management consultant. From 1984 to 1989, Mr. Fikert was employed by General
Monitors, a manufacturer of sensing, monitoring and detection equipment, where
he served as Controller. From 1979 to 1984, he was employed by Modular Command
Systems, a manufacturer of electronic communications hardware and software, as
Vice President, Finance and Secretary. Prior to joining Modular Command Systems,
Mr. Fikert was Director of Finance for Esterline Electronics, a manufacturer of
electronic products, and was an accountant with Arthur Andersen & Co. Mr. Fikert
is a Certified Public Accountant.
37
<PAGE> 39
Dennis Joyce joined the Company as Director of Manufacturing in June 1989
and was promoted to Vice President, Operations in July 1994. From 1984 to 1989,
Mr. Joyce was employed by FileNet Corporation as director of quality assurance
and test engineering.
Kevin Drum joined the Company in November 1992 and was promoted to Vice
President, Marketing in July 1995. Prior to that time, his positions with the
Company included Director of Marketing and Senior Product Manager. From 1984 to
1992, Mr. Drum was employed by Emulex Corporation, where he served as a senior
product manager from 1988 to 1992.
Alexander P. Cilento has been a member of the Company's Board of Directors
since 1986. Since 1991, Mr. Cilento has been a General Partner of Aspen Venture
Partners, a private venture capital investment partnership. From 1985 through
1991, Mr. Cilento was employed by 3i Securities Corporation, a venture capital
investment firm, where he served as Vice President.
William E. Drobish has been a member of the Company's Board of Directors
since 1986. Since 1984, Dr. Drobish has been an instructor at the University of
California, Irvine's Extension Program. Dr. Drobish was a founder, Vice
President, director and Secretary of Silicon Systems, Inc., a manufacturer of
integrated circuits. Dr. Drobish is also a director of Technology Modeling
Associates, Inc., a provider of software that simulates the integrated circuit
fabrication process.
Clifford L. Haas has been a member of the Company's Board of Directors
since 1987. Mr. Haas is a general partner of Sigma Partners and Sigma
Associates, private venture capital investment partnerships, which he has been
associated with since 1985.
B. Allen Lay has been a member of the Company's Board of Directors since
1990. Since 1982, Mr. Lay has been a general partner of Southern California
Ventures, a private venture capital investment partnership. Mr. Lay also serves
as Chief Executive Officer and a director of Westbrae Natural, Inc., a natural
foods company; and as a director of the following companies: PairGain
Technologies, Inc., a provider of telecommunications products; Viasat, Inc., a
provider of wireless telecommunications products; Helisys, Inc., a provider of
rapid prototyping systems.
David C. Seigle has been a member of the Company's Board of Directors since
1992. Mr. Seigle is president of Technology's Edge, a franchisor of technology
integrators. From 1982 to 1991, Mr. Seigle was employed by FileNet Corporation
in various positions, including Senior Vice President of International
Operations from 1987 to 1991. Mr. Seigle is currently a director of Interface
Systems, Inc., a manufacturer and distributor of computer peripherals and
software. He is also a director of ImageMatrix Corporation which supplies work
process management software to the health coverage provider market.
The Board of Directors of the Company is currently composed of seven
directors. All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of
stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualified. Officers serve
at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors has a
Compensation Committee that recommends salaries and incentive compensation for
executive officers of the Company and an Audit Committee that reviews the
results and scope of the audit and other services provided by the Company's
independent auditors.
The Company's directors do not receive compensation for attendance at Board
of Directors or committee meetings, but may be reimbursed for certain expenses
in connection with attendance at board and committee meetings.
38
<PAGE> 40
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth compensation earned during fiscal 1997, by
the Company's Chief Executive Officer and the four other most highly compensated
executive officers whose total salary and bonus during such year exceeded
$100,000 (collectively, the "Named Executive Officers"):
SUMMARY COMPENSATION TABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ANNUAL COMPENSATION
---------------------------------------------
OTHER ANNUAL
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION SALARY($) BONUS($) COMPENSATION($)(1)
- -------------------------------------------------- --------- -------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
David S. Silver................................... $ 135,000 $ 64,893 $750
President and Chief Executive Officer
Dean A. Hough..................................... 114,078 21,083 750
Vice President, Engineering
Ronald J. Fikert.................................. 103,843 23,908 750
Vice President -- Finance, Chief Financial
Officer and Secretary
Richard Murphy.................................... 100,000 76,761(2) 750
Vice President -- Sales
Kevin Drum........................................ 102,290 22,295 750
Vice President -- Marketing
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Consists of matching payments made under its 401(k) Plan.
(2) Includes $59,895 in sales commissions earned by Mr. Murphy during fiscal
1997.
STOCK BENEFIT PLANS
Stock Incentive Plan.
The Company adopted an Amended and Restated Incentive Stock Option,
Nonqualified Stock Option and Restricted Stock Purchase Plan (the "1992 Plan")
in September 1992. The 1992 Plan covers an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of
Common Stock. In November 1996, the 1992 Plan was terminated. In June 1996, the
Company adopted its 1996 Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option and
Restricted Stock Purchase Plan (the "1996 Plan"). The 1996 Plan covers an
aggregate of 800,000 shares of Common Stock.
The 1992 Plan and the 1996 Plan (collectively, the "Plans") provide for the
granting of "incentive stock options," within the meaning of Section 422 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), nonstatutory options and
the sale of shares of restricted stock. Under the Plans, options to purchase
shares of the Company's Common Stock and the right to purchase restricted shares
of Common Stock may be granted to directors, officers and employees of the
Company, except that incentive stock options may not be granted to non-employee
directors. The Plans are administered by the Board of Directors. As of August
22, 1997, there were 421,638 options outstanding under the Plans at a weighted
average exercise price of $3.39 per share, and 538,769 shares of restricted
stock had been issued and sold under the Plans at a weighted average purchase
price of $0.25 per share.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan") covering
an aggregate of 150,000 shares of Common Stock was adopted by the Board of
Directors and approved by the Company's stockholders in August 1997. The
Purchase Plan, which is intended to qualify as an "employee stock purchase plan"
under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code, will be implemented by
twelve-month offerings with purchases occurring at three-month intervals
commencing on the date of this Prospectus. The Purchase Plan will be
administered by the Board of Directors. The Purchase Plan permits eligible
employees to purchase Common Stock through payroll deductions, which may not
exceed 15% of an employee's compensation. The
39
<PAGE> 41
price of stock purchased under the Purchase Plan will be 85% of the lower of the
fair market value of the Common Stock at the beginning of the offering period or
on the applicable purchase date.
Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors
In August 1997, the Company adopted its 1997 Stock Option Plan for
Non-Employee Directors (the "Director Plan"), covering an aggregate of 100,000
shares of Common Stock. Under the Director Plan, each non-employee director of
the Company who was a director of the Company on August 31, 1997, or who is
thereafter elected as a director during the term of the Director Plan, shall be
granted an option consisting of 10,000 shares of Common Stock, which option
shall vest and become exercisable at the rate of 25% per year over the four-year
period following the grant date. The initial option grants under the Director
Plan shall be made at the effective date of this offering at the initial public
offering price. The exercise price of options granted under the Director Plan
shall be 100% of the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant,
and such options shall have a term of ten years. In addition, upon the
expiration of each four-year period during a non-employee director's term of
office, such non-employee director shall receive an additional option covering
10,000 shares of Common Stock, with the same vesting schedule, subject to the
limitations set forth in the Director Plan.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
During fiscal 1997, decisions regarding executive compensation were made by
the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which consisted of
Clifford L. Haas, B. Allen Lay and David C. Seigle, none of whom are, or have at
any time been, an officer or employee of the Company. No executive officer of
the Company serves as a member of the board of directors or compensation
committee of any entity that has one or more executive officers serving as a
member of the Company's Board of Directors or Compensation Committee.
No members of the Company's Board of Directors have entered into
transactions with the Company during the period from July 1, 1994 to the date of
this prospectus.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION MATTERS
The Company's Bylaws provide that the Company will indemnify its directors
and officers and may indemnify its employees and other agents to the fullest
extent permitted by law. The Company believes that indemnification under its
Bylaws covers at least negligence and gross negligence by indemnified parties,
and permits the Company to advance litigation expenses in the case of
stockholder derivative actions or other actions, against an undertaking by the
indemnified party to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that the
indemnified party is not entitled to indemnification. Prior to the closing of
this offering, the Company expects to have in place liability insurance for its
officers and directors.
In addition, the Company's Certificate of Incorporation provides that,
pursuant to Delaware law, its directors shall not be liable for monetary damages
for breach of the directors' fiduciary duty to the Company and its stockholders.
This provision in the Certificate of Incorporation does not eliminate the
directors' fiduciary duty, and in appropriate circumstances equitable remedies
such as injunctive or other forms of non-monetary relief will remain available
under Delaware law. In addition, each director will continue to be subject to
liability for breach of the director's duty of loyalty to the Company for acts
or omissions not in good faith or involving intentional misconduct, for knowing
violations of law, for actions leading to improper personal benefit to the
director, and for payment of dividends or approval of stock repurchases or
redemptions that are unlawful under Delaware law. The provision also does not
affect a director's responsibilities under any other law, such as the federal
securities laws or state or federal environmental laws.
The Company has entered into separate indemnification agreements with its
directors and officers. These agreements require the Company, among other
things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason
of their status or service as directors or officers (other than liabilities
arising from actions not taken in good faith or in a manner the indemnitee
believed to be opposed to the best interests of the Company) to advance their
expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which they
40
<PAGE> 42
could be indemnified and to obtain directors' insurance if available on
reasonable terms. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling
the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Company has been informed
that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is therefore unenforceable. The Company believes that its Certificate of
Incorporation and Bylaw provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary
to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.
CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
The Company did not enter into any transactions with its executive
officers, directors and principal stockholders during the period from July 1,
1994 to the date of this prospectus.
41
<PAGE> 43
PRINCIPAL AND SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of the Common Stock
as of July 31, 1997 by (i) each person or entity known to the Company to own
beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock, (ii) each of
the Company's directors, (iii) each of the Named Executive Officers, (iv) the
Selling Stockholders and (v) all directors and executive officers of the Company
as a group. The information as to each person or entity has been furnished by
such person or entity.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES BENEFICIALLY SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OWNED OWNED
PRIOR TO OFFERING(1) NUMBER OF AFTER OFFERING
--------------------- SHARES BEING ---------------------
NAME AND ADDRESS OF BENEFICIAL OWNERS NUMBER PERCENT OFFERED(2) NUMBER PERCENT
- -------------------------------------- --------- ------- ------------ --------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Aspen Venture Partners, L.P.(3)....... 1,061,059 26.6 285,479 775,580 14.6
1000 Fremont Avenue, Suite V
Los Altos, CA 94024
Sigma Partners(4)..................... 700,000(5) 17.5 188,330 511,670 9.7
Sigma Associates
2884 Sand Hill Road, Suite 121
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Southern California Ventures(6)....... 614,392 15.4 165,304 449,088 8.5
406 Amapola Avenue, Suite 205
Torrance, CA 90501
William E. Drobish(7)................. 156,667 3.9 36,667 120,000 2.3
David S. Silver....................... 375,000 9.4 -- 375,000 7.1
3 Jenner Street
Irvine, California 92618
Dean A. Hough......................... 375,000 9.4 -- 375,000 7.1
3 Jenner Street
Irvine, California 92618
David C. Seigle....................... 10,000 * -- 10,000 *
Ronald J. Fikert(8)................... 40,000 1.0 -- 40,000 *
Kevin Drum(9)......................... 25,625 * -- 25,625 *
Richard Murphy........................ 50,000 1.3 -- 50,000 *
Avery Trust........................... 45,000 1.1 12,110 32,890 *
Overland Enterprises, Ltd. ........... 45,000 1.1 12,110 32,890 *
Alexander P. Cilento(10).............. 1,061,059 26.6 285,479 775,580 14.6
c/o Aspen Venture Partners, L.P.
1000 Fremont Avenue, Suite V
Los Altos, CA 94024
Clifford L. Haas(11).................. 700,000(4) 17.5 188,330 511,670 9.7
c/o Sigma Partners
Sigma Associates
2884 Sand Hill Road, Suite 121
Menlo Park, CA 94025
B. Allen Lay(12)...................... 614,392 15.4 165,304 449,088 8.5
c/o Southern California Ventures
406 Amapola Avenue, Suite 205
Torrance, CA 90501
All executive officers and directors
as a group (11 persons)(13)(14)..... 3,428,368 85.2 675,780 2,752,588 51.7
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* Less than 1%
(1) Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the
Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or
investment power with respect to securities. Shares of Common Stock subject
to options currently exercisable, or exercisable within 60 days of the date
hereof, are deemed outstanding for computing the percentage of the person
holding such options but are not deemed outstanding for computing the
percentage of any other person. Except as indicated by footnote
42
<PAGE> 44
and subject to community property laws where applicable, the persons named
in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all
shares of Common Stock shown as beneficially owned by them.
(2) Assumes no exercise of the Underwriters over-allotment option. If the
over-allotment option is exercised in full, the following additional shares
will be sold by the following stockholders: Aspen Venture Partners,
L.P. -- 106,019; Sigma Partners -- 69,940; Southern California
Ventures -- 61,391; David S. Silver -- 25,000; Dean A. Hough -- 15,000;
Avery Trust -- 6,000; Overland Enterprises, Ltd. -- 6,000; Igor
Mamedalin -- 3,500; David Frazer -- 3,000; Michael Chernoy -- 2,000;
Valerie Braun -- 1,000; Donald Calkins -- 750; Nancy Carroll -- 400.
(3) Alexander P. Cilento is a General Partner of Aspen Venture Partners, L.P.
and, accordingly, may be deemed to beneficially own such shares. Mr.
Cilento disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by Aspen Venture
Partners, L.P., except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(4) Clifford L. Haas is a General Partner of Sigma Partners and Sigma
Associates and, accordingly, may be deemed to beneficially own such shares.
Mr. Haas disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by Sigma
Partners and Sigma Associates, except to the extent of his pecuniary
interest therein.
(5) Includes 651,300 shares beneficially owned by Sigma Partners and 48,700
shares beneficially owned by Sigma Associates. Each such entity disclaims
beneficial ownership of the shares held by the other entity.
(6) B. Allen Lay is a General Partner of Southern California Ventures and,
accordingly, may be deemed to beneficially own such shares. Mr. Lay
disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by Southern California
Ventures, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(7) Includes 156,667 shares held by the Drobish Family Trust, dated November
12, 1980. Mr. Drobish disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares owned by
the Drobish Family Trust, dated November 12, 1980, except to the extent of
his pecuniary interest therein.
(8) Includes 2,500 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days from
the date hereof. Also includes 37,500 shares held by the Fikert Family
Trust, dated June 30, 1986. Mr. Fikert disclaims beneficial ownership of
the shares owned by the Fikert Family Trust, dated June, 30, 1986, except
to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(9) Consists of shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days from the
date hereof.
(10) Mr. Cilento, a director of the Company, is a General Partner of Aspen
Venture Partners, L.P. Mr. Cilento disclaims beneficial ownership of the
shares held by Aspen Venture Partners, L.P. except to the extent of his
pecuniary interest arising from his partnership interest in Aspen Venture
Partners, L.P.
(11) Mr. Haas, a director of the Company, is a General Partner of Sigma Partners
and Sigma Associates. Mr. Haas disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares
held by Sigma Partners and Sigma Associates, except to the extent of his
pecuniary interest arising from his partnership interests in Sigma Partners
and Sigma Associates.
(12) Mr. Lay, a director of the Company, is a General Partner of Southern
California Ventures. Mr. Lay disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares
held by Southern California Ventures except to the extent of his pecuniary
interest arising from his partnership interest in Southern California
Ventures.
(13) Includes all shares owned of record by Aspen Venture Partners, L.P., Sigma
Partners, Sigma Associates and Southern California Ventures, as to which
the respective affiliated directors disclaim beneficial ownership.
(14) Includes 30,625 shares of Common Stock subject to options exercisable
within 60 days from the date hereof.
43
<PAGE> 45
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
The authorized capital stock of the Company consists of 40,000,000 shares
of Common Stock, $0.001 par value, and 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock,
$0.001 par value.
COMMON STOCK
As of June 30, 1997, there were 1,327,256 shares of Common Stock
outstanding held of record by 150 stockholders. There will be 5,294,258 shares
of Common Stock outstanding after giving effect to the sale of the shares of
Common Stock offered by the Company hereby and the conversion of the Company's
Series A, Series B and Series C Preferred Stock.
Holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters
to be voted upon by the stockholders. Subject to preferences that may be
applicable to the holders of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, the holders
of Common Stock are entitled to receive ratably such dividends, if any, as may
be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors out of funds legally
available therefor. See "Dividend Policy." In the event of liquidation,
dissolution or winding up of the Company, and subject to the prior distribution
rights of the holders of outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, if any, the
holders of shares of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive pro rata all of
the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its
stockholders. The Common Stock has no preemptive or conversion rights or other
subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions
applicable to the Common Stock. All outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully
paid and nonassessable, and shares of Common Stock to be issued pursuant to this
offering shall be fully paid and nonassessable.
PREFERRED STOCK
Upon the closing of this offering, no shares of Preferred Stock will be
outstanding. The Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by
the stockholders, to issue shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series and
to fix the rights, preferences and privileges thereof, including dividend rates
and preferences, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption,
redemption prices, liquidation preferences and the number of shares constituting
any series or the designation of such series, without further vote or action by
the stockholders. Although it presently has no intention to do so, the Board of
Directors, without stockholder approval, could issue Preferred Stock with voting
and conversion rights which could adversely affect the voting power of the
holders of Common Stock. The issuance of Preferred Stock may also have the
effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS
Pursuant to the First Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of
March 6, 1989 (the "Registration Rights Agreement"), the holders of 1,967,002
outstanding shares of Common Stock (upon the closing of this offering) are
entitled to certain demand registration rights with respect to such shares (the
"Registrable Securities"), subject to the terms and conditions of the
Registration Rights Agreement. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, subject
to certain exceptions, the holders of at least 33% of the Registrable Securities
may require the Company to use its best efforts to register on two occasions the
Registrable Securities for public resale, subject to the underwriters' marketing
limitation. In addition, subject to certain exceptions, holders of Registrable
Securities may require the Company to use its best efforts to register on four
occasions Registrable Securities on Form S-3 for public resale. In addition,
whenever the Company proposes to register any of its securities under the
Securities Act, holders of Registrable Securities are entitled to notice of each
such registration and to include their Registrable Securities in such
registration, subject to certain restrictions, including any proposed
underwriter's right to limit the number of shares being registered. The Company
is required to bear all registration expenses in connection with the
registration of Registrable Securities in two demand registrations, four Form
S-3 registrations and all Company registrations. All selling expenses related to
securities registered by the holders are required to be paid by the holders. The
Company is required to indemnify the holders of such Registrable Securities and
the underwriters for such holders, if any, under certain circumstances.
44
<PAGE> 46
Registration rights may be transferred only to a transferee of Registrable
Securities who, in connection with such transfer, acquires at least the lesser
of 50,000 shares, or all of the transferor's shares. The registration rights may
be amended or waived only with the written consent of the Company and the
holders of at least two-thirds of the Registrable Securities then issuable and
outstanding.
The holders of Registrable Securities other than the Selling Stockholders
have waived any rights to include any Registrable Securities in this offering.
DELAWARE LAW AND CERTAIN CHARTER PROVISIONS
The Company is subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware
General Corporation Law. In general, the statute prohibits a publicly held
Delaware corporation from engaging in a "business combination" with an
"interested stockholder" for a period of three years after the date of the
transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless either
(i) prior to the date at which the person becomes an interested stockholder, the
Board of Directors approves such transaction or business combination, (ii) the
stockholder acquires more than 85% of the outstanding voting stock of the
corporation (excluding shares held by directors who are officers or held in
certain employee stock plans) upon consummation of such transaction, or (iii)
the business combination is approved by the Board of Directors and by two-thirds
of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation (excluding shares held by the
interested stockholder) at a meeting of stockholders (and not by written
consent). A "business combination" includes a merger, asset sale or other
transaction resulting in a financial benefit to such interested stockholder. For
purposes of Section 203, an "interested stockholder" is a person who, together
with affiliates and associates, owns (or within three years prior, did own) 15%
or more of the corporation's voting stock.
The Company's Restated Certificate of Incorporation includes a provision
that allows the Board of Directors to issue Preferred Stock in one or more
series with such voting rights and other provisions as the Board of Directors
may determine. This provision may be deemed to have a potential anti-takeover
effect and the issuance of Preferred Stock in accordance with such provisions
may delay or prevent a change of control of the Company. See "Preferred Stock."
STOCK TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The stock transfer agent and registrar for the Company's Common Stock is
U.S. Stock Transfer Corporation.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for the Common
Stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of Common Stock in the public market
could adversely affect prevailing market prices and adversely affect the
Company's ability to raise additional capital in the capital markets at a time
and price favorable to the Company.
Upon completion of the offering, the Company will have 5,294,258 shares of
Common Stock outstanding, assuming no exercise of options after June 30, 1997.
Of these shares, the 2,000,000 shares sold in the offering (2,300,000 shares if
the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full) will be freely
tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act,
unless they are purchased by "affiliates" of the Company as that term is used
under the Securities Act. The remaining 3,294,258 shares held by existing
stockholders will be "restricted securities" as defined in Rule 144 under the
Securities Act ("Restricted Shares"). Restricted Shares may be sold in the
public market only if registered or if they qualify for an exemption from
registration under Rules 144 or 701 promulgated under the Securities Act, which
are summarized below. Sales of Restricted Shares in the public market, or the
availability of such shares for sale, could adversely affect the market price of
the Common Stock.
All officers and directors and certain stockholders and option holders have
agreed with the Underwriters that they will not sell any Common Stock owned by
them for a period of 180 days after the effective date of the offering without
the prior written consent of Needham & Company, Inc. (the "Lock-Up Agreements").
45
<PAGE> 47
Of the 3,294,258 shares held by existing shareholders, 3,116,494 shares of
Common Stock are subject to the Lock-Up Agreements. Upon the expiration of the
Lock-Up Agreements, approximately 31,412 Restricted Shares will be eligible for
sale under Rule 701 (plus shares issuable upon exercise of then vested
outstanding options), 315,619 Restricted Shares will be eligible for sale under
Rule 144(k) and 2,721,963 Restricted Shares held by "affiliates" of the Company,
as that term is defined in Rule 144, will be eligible for sale under Rule 144
subject to the volume and other restrictions of Rule 144. Pursuant to Rule 701,
8,075 Restricted Shares will be eligible for sale 90 days following this
offering. An additional 23,750 Restricted Shares will be eligible for sale 30
days following this offering, and an additional 23,750 Restricted Shares will be
eligible for sale 60 days following this offering. Immediately following this
offering approximately 179,189 Restricted Shares will be eligible for sale under
Rule 144.
In general, under Rule 144, as recently amended by the Securities and
Exchange Commission, beginning 90 days after the effective date of the offering,
any person who has beneficially owned Restricted Shares for at least one year is
entitled to sell, within any three-month period, a number of shares that does
not exceed the greater of 1% of the then outstanding shares of the Company's
Common Stock (approximately 52,942 shares immediately after the offering) or the
average weekly trading volume during the four calendar weeks preceding such
sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain requirements as to the
manner of sale, notice and availability of current public information about the
Company. A person who is not an affiliate, has not been an affiliate within
three months prior the sale and has beneficially owned the Restricted Shares for
a least two years is entitled to sell such shares under Rule 144(k) as currently
in effect without regard to any of the limitations described above.
In general, Rule 701 permits resales of shares issued pursuant to certain
compensatory benefit plans and contracts 90 days after the Company becomes
subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, in reliance upon Rule 144, but without compliance with certain
restrictions contained in Rule 144, including the holding period requirements.
The Company intends to file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the
Act to register shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under its stock
option plans, thus permitting the resale of shares issued under the plans by
non-affiliates in the public market without restriction under the Securities
Act. Such registration statement will become effective immediately upon filing
which is expected on or shortly after the closing of the offering. As of August
22, 1997, options or rights to purchase 421,638 shares of Common Stock were
outstanding under the Company's stock option plans, of which 416,763 shares are
subject to the Lock-Up Agreements.
After this offering, the holders of approximately 1,967,002 shares of
Common Stock will be entitled to certain demand and piggyback rights with
respect to registration of such shares under the Securities Act. Registration of
such shares under the Securities Act would result in such shares becoming freely
tradeable without restriction under the Securities Act (except for shares
purchased by affiliates of the Company) immediately upon the effectiveness of
such registration. See "Description of Capital Stock -- Registration Rights." If
such holders, by exercising their demand registration rights, cause a large
number of securities to be registered and sold in the public market, such sales
could have an adverse effect on the market price for the Company's Common Stock.
If the Company were to include in a Company-initiated registration any such
shares pursuant to the exercise of piggyback registration rights, such sales may
have an adverse effect on the Company's ability to raise additional capital.
46
<PAGE> 48
UNDERWRITING
Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Underwriting
Agreement, the Underwriters named below, for whom Needham & Company, Inc. and
Unterberg Harris are acting as representatives (the "Representatives"), have
severally agreed to purchase from the Company and Selling Stockholders, and the
Company and Selling Stockholders have agreed to sell to each Underwriter, the
aggregate number of shares of Common Stock set forth opposite their respective
names in the table below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER
NAME OF SHARES
------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------
<S> <C>
Needham & Company, Inc............................................
Unterberg Harris..................................................
---------
Total................................................... 2,000,000
=========
</TABLE>
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the
Underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of Common Stock are
subject to certain conditions precedent. The Underwriters are obligated to take
and pay for all of the shares offered hereby (other than those covered by the
Underwriters' over-allotment option described below), if any such shares are
taken.
The Representatives have advised the Company that the Underwriters propose
to offer the shares of Common Stock to the public at the public offering price
set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers (who may
include the Underwriters) at such price less a concession not in excess of
$ per share, of which $ may be reallowed to other dealers. After the
offering to the public, the offering price and other selling terms may be
changed by the Representatives. No such reduction shall change the amount of the
proceeds to be received the Company and the Selling Stockholders as set forth on
the cover page of this prospectus.
Certain Selling Stockholders have granted an option to the Underwriters,
exercisable during the 30-day period after the date of this prospectus, to
purchase up to an aggregate of 300,000 additional shares of Common Stock at the
same price per share as the Company and the Selling Stockholders receive for the
2,000,000 shares that the Underwriters have agreed to purchase from them. To the
extent the Underwriters exercise such option, each of the Underwriters will
become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase approximately the
same percentage of such additional shares as the number of shares of Common
Stock to be purchased by such Underwriter, as shown in the above table, bears to
the total shown. If purchased, such additional shares will be sold by the
Underwriters on the same terms as those on which the 2,000,000 shares are being
sold.
The Underwriting Agreement contains covenants of indemnity and contribution
between the Company and the Underwriters and the Selling Stockholders against
certain civil liabilities that may be incurred in connection with this offering,
including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Pursuant to the terms of Lock-Up Agreements, all officers and directors and
certain stockholders holding an aggregate of approximately 3,116,494 shares of
the Company's Common Stock have agreed with the Representatives not to sell,
otherwise dispose of, contract to sell, grant any option to sell, transfer or
otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, shares of Common Stock, or
securities exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock or any
substantially similar securities for a period of 180 days after the date of this
prospectus, without the prior written consent of Needham & Company, Inc. The
Company has agreed, with certain limited exceptions, not to sell, contract to
sell, grant any option to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, directly or
indirectly, shares of Common Stock, or securities exchangeable for or
convertible into shares of Common Stock, or any substantially similar
securities, other than the Company's sales of shares in this
47
<PAGE> 49
offering, the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of
outstanding options, the grant of options to purchase shares or the issuance of
shares of Common Stock under the Company's 1996 Plan, Director Plan and Employee
Stock Purchase Plan, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus,
without the prior written consent of Needham & Company, Inc.
The Underwriters will not make sales to accounts over which they exercise
discretionary authority in excess of 5% of the number of shares of Common Stock
offered hereby, and unless they obtain specific written consent of the customer.
In connection with the offering, the Underwriters and other persons
participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize,
maintain or otherwise affect the price of the Common Stock. Specifically, the
Underwriters may over-allot in connection with the offering, creating a short
position in the Common Stock for their own account. To cover over-allotments or
to stabilize the price of the Common Stock, the Underwriters may bid for, and
purchase, Common Stock in the open market. The Underwriters may also impose a
penalty bid whereby they may reclaim selling concessions allowed to an
underwriter or a dealer for distributing Common Stock in the offering if the
Underwriters repurchase previously distributed Common Stock in transactions to
cover their short position, in stabilization transactions or otherwise. Finally,
the Underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of Common Stock in market
making transactions. These activities may stabilize or maintain the market price
of the Common Stock above market levels that might otherwise prevail. The
Underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end these
activities at any time.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Common
Stock of the Company. Consequently, the initial public offering price will be
determined through negotiations among the Company, the Selling Stockholders and
the Representatives. Among the factors to be considered in such negotiations
will be prevailing market conditions, the net sales and results of operations of
the Company in recent periods, market valuations of publicly traded companies
that the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Representatives believe to be
comparable to the Company, estimates of the business potential of the Company,
the present state of the Company's development, the current state of the
industry and the economy as a whole, and other factors deemed relevant.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for the
Company and the Selling Stockholders by Stradling, Yocca, Carlson & Rauth, a
Professional Corporation, Newport Beach, California. A shareholder of Stradling,
Yocca, Carlson & Rauth, a Professional Corporation, beneficially owns 6,667
shares of Common Stock. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering
will be passed upon for the Underwriters by McCutchen, Doyle, Brown & Enersen
LLP, Palo Alto, California.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and schedule of the Company as of
June 30, 1996 and 1997 and for each of the three years in the period ended June
30, 1997, included in this prospectus and elsewhere in the Registration
Statement have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent auditors, as
stated in their reports appearing herein and elsewhere in the Registration
Statement, and are included in reliance upon the reports given upon their
authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
48
<PAGE> 50
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Company has filed with the Commission a Registration Statement on Form
S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of Common Stock offered
hereby. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the Registration Statement,
does not contain all the information set forth in the Registration Statement and
the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the
Company and the Common Stock offered hereby, reference is made to the
Registration Statement and to the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. A copy
of the Registration Statement may be inspected without charge at the public
reference facilities of the Commission located at 450 Fifth Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20549, and at the regional offices of the Commission located at
7 World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York 10048, and 500 West Madison
Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661. Copies of all or any part of the
Registration Statement may be obtained at the prescribed rates from the Public
Reference Section of the Commission at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C.
20549 and its public reference facilities in New York, New York and Chicago,
Illinois, upon the payment of the fees prescribed by the Commission. The
Registration Statement is also available through the Commission's Website on the
World Wide Web at http://www.sec.gov.
Statements made in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract,
agreement or other document referred to are not necessarily complete. With
respect to each such contract, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit
to the Registration Statement, reference is made to the exhibit for a more
complete description of the matter involved, and each such statement shall be
deemed qualified by such reference.
49
<PAGE> 51
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Independent Auditors' Report.......................................................... F-1
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 1996 and 1997.............................. F-2
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended June 30, 1995, 1996 and
1997................................................................................ F-3
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended June 30, 1995,
1996 and 1997....................................................................... F-4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 30, 1995, 1996 and
1997................................................................................ F-5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements............................................ F-6
</TABLE>
50
<PAGE> 52
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT
To the Board of Directors of
Kofax Image Products, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Kofax Image
Products, Inc. and its subsidiary (the Company) as of June 30, 1996 and 1997,
and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 1997. These
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing
standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material
misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting
the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.
We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all
material respects, the financial position of Kofax Image Products, Inc. and its
subsidiary as of June 30, 1996 and 1997, and the results of their operations and
their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 30, 1997
in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Costa Mesa, California
July 29, 1997 (except Note 14
as to which the date is August 27, 1997
and paragraph 1 of Note 12
as to which the date is October 1, 1997)
F-1
<PAGE> 53
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF JUNE 30,
-------------------------------------------
1996 1997 PRO FORMA
----------- ----------- ----------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents.................................... $ 741,300 $ 801,500
Investments (Note 4)......................................... 2,773,100 4,602,900
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
and sales returns of $381,500 in 1996 and $422,900 in 1997
(Note 6)................................................... 4,092,900 4,133,800
Inventories (Note 5)......................................... 1,869,500 2,011,700
Deferred income taxes (Note 7)............................... 517,900 566,700
Prepaid expenses and other current assets.................... 190,300 204,500
----------- -----------
Total current assets............................... 10,185,000 12,321,100
PROPERTY:
Machinery and equipment...................................... 3,662,100 4,878,800
Furniture and fixtures....................................... 732,100 865,900
Leasehold improvements....................................... 198,900 260,600
----------- -----------
4,593,100 6,005,300
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization............... (2,952,600) (4,040,100)
----------- -----------
Property, net.............................................. 1,640,500 1,965,200
NONCURRENT DEFERRED INCOME TAXES (Note 7).................... 1,382,500 1,463,700
OTHER ASSETS, net............................................ 933,200 576,900
----------- -----------
$14,141,200 $16,326,900
=========== ===========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Current portion of note payable (Note 6)..................... $ 351,400 $ 394,300
Accounts payable............................................. 713,200 771,900
Accrued compensation and related costs....................... 718,200 1,044,100
Accrued warranty............................................. 154,700 185,400
Accrued cooperative marketing (Note 9)....................... 253,300 335,500
Deferred revenue............................................. 188,300 356,400
Accrued acquisition costs (Note 3)........................... 469,200 --
Other accrued liabilities (Note 7)........................... 387,900 557,900
----------- -----------
Total current liabilities.......................... 3,236,200 3,645,500
LONG-TERM NOTES PAYABLE (Note 6)............................. 798,600 427,100
REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK (Note 8), $.001 par
value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; 2,667,002 actual shares
issued and outstanding in 1996 and 1997; no pro forma
shares outstanding......................................... 6,812,200 7,146,200
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Notes 9 and 12)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Notes 1 and 8):
Common stock, $.001 par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized;
1,311,419 and 1,327,256 actual shares outstanding in 1996
and 1997, 3,994,258 pro forma shares outstanding........... 159,400 172,000 $ 4,261,600
Retained earnings............................................ 3,134,800 4,936,100 7,992,700
----------- ----------- -----------
Total stockholders' equity......................... 3,294,200 5,108,100 $12,254,300
----------- -----------
$14,141,200 $16,326,900
=========== ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-2
<PAGE> 54
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
-------------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net sales (Notes 9 and 10).......................... $21,085,300 $24,964,000 $29,265,700
Cost of sales....................................... 7,218,300 7,926,200 7,720,100
----------- ----------- -----------
Gross profit........................................ 13,867,000 17,037,800 21,545,600
Operating expenses (Notes 3 and 9):
Sales and marketing............................ 5,976,900 7,456,600 9,565,300
Research and development....................... 3,693,400 5,089,700 6,652,500
General and administrative..................... 1,553,500 1,748,100 1,935,900
Acquired in-process research and development
costs........................................ 4,176,800
----------- ----------- -----------
Total operating expenses.................. 11,223,800 18,471,200 18,153,700
----------- ----------- -----------
Income (loss) from operations....................... 2,643,200 (1,433,400) 3,391,900
Other income, net................................... 264,000 200,500 69,300
----------- ----------- -----------
Income (loss) before provision (benefit)............ 2,907,200 (1,232,900) 3,461,200
Provision (benefit) for income taxes (Note 7)....... 1,096,000 (499,800) 1,325,900
----------- ----------- -----------
Net income (loss)................................... $ 1,811,200 $ (733,100) $ 2,135,300
=========== =========== ===========
Pro forma income per share.......................... $ .50
===========
Pro forma weighted average common shares (Note 2)... 4,282,000
===========
Net income (loss) applicable to common stockholders
(Note 2).......................................... $ 1,477,200 $(1,067,100) $ 1,801,300
=========== =========== ===========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 55
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 1995, 1996 AND 1997
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMON STOCK
---------------------- RETAINED
SHARES AMOUNT EARNINGS TOTAL
--------- -------- ---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCES, July 1, 1994.................... 1,290,044 $139,200 $2,724,700 $2,863,900
Issuance of common stock.................. 8,625 13,900 -- 13,900
Repurchase of common stock................ (1,150) (1,200) -- (1,200)
Accretion to current liquidation or
redemption value of preferred stock..... -- -- (334,000) (334,000)
Net income................................ -- -- 1,811,200 1,811,200
--------- -------- ---------- ----------
BALANCES, June 30, 1995................... 1,297,519 151,900 4,201,900 4,353,800
Issuance of common stock.................. 14,025 7,500 -- 7,500
Repurchase of common stock................ (125) -- -- --
Accretion to current liquidation or
redemption value of preferred stock..... -- -- (334,000) (334,000)
Net loss.................................. -- -- (733,100) (733,100)
--------- -------- ---------- ----------
BALANCES, June 30, 1996................... 1,311,419 159,400 3,134,800 3,294,200
Issuance of common stock.................. 15,837 12,600 -- 12,600
Accretion to current liquidation or
redemption value of preferred stock..... -- -- (334,000) (334,000)
Net income................................ -- -- 2,135,300 2,135,300
--------- -------- ---------- ----------
BALANCES, June 30, 1997................... 1,327,256 $172,000 $4,936,100 $5,108,100
========= ======== ========== ==========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 56
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
-----------------------------------------
1995 1996 1997
----------- ----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)........................................................... $ 1,811,200 $ (733,100) $ 2,135,300
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating
activities, net of effects of acquisition:
Depreciation and amortization............................................. 843,400 1,162,200 1,496,500
Acquired in-process research and development costs........................ -- 4,176,800 --
Provision for doubtful accounts and sales returns......................... 172,300 199,800 41,400
Provision for inventory reserves.......................................... 165,600 184,100 189,600
Loss on disposal of property.............................................. 1,300 1,200 900
Deferred income taxes..................................................... (12,400) (1,523,100) (130,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisition:
Accounts receivable..................................................... (498,800) (656,900) (82,300)
Inventories............................................................. (565,600) (217,300) (331,800)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets............................... 132,100 (53,600) (14,200)
Accounts payable........................................................ 264,000 (636,000) 58,700
Accrued compensation and related costs.................................. 235,900 7,400 325,900
Accrued warranty........................................................ 1,300 (27,300) 30,700
Accrued cooperative marketing........................................... 69,300 32,500 82,200
Other accrued liabilities............................................... 100,600 208,300 (131,100)
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash provided by operating activities.......................... 2,720,200 2,125,000 3,671,800
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
(Increase) decrease in short-term investments............................... (1,335,300) 1,363,700 (1,829,800)
Acquisition of property..................................................... (815,600) (1,289,400) (1,532,200)
(Increase) decrease in other assets......................................... (207,300) (139,300) 66,400
Cash paid for acquisition................................................... -- (4,610,600) --
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash used in investing activities.............................. (2,358,200) (4,675,600) (3,295,600)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from note payable.................................................. -- 1,150,000 --
Principal payments on notes payable......................................... (70,600) (487,500) (328,600)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock.................................. 13,900 7,500 12,600
Repurchase of common stock.................................................. (1,200) -- --
----------- ----------- -----------
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities................ (57,900) 670,000 (316,000)
----------- ----------- -----------
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS........................ 304,100 (1,880,600) 60,200
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of year................................ 2,317,800 2,621,900 741,300
----------- ----------- -----------
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of year...................................... $ 2,621,900 $ 741,300 $ 801,500
=========== =========== ===========
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest paid............................................................... $ 3,900 $ 54,200 $ 108,800
=========== =========== ===========
Income taxes paid........................................................... $ 1,017,060 $ 1,018,000 $ 1,427,800
=========== =========== ===========
SCHEDULE OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS -- The Company acquired certain assets of
LaserData, Inc. during the year ended June 30, 1996 (Note 3). In
conjunction with the acquisition, certain liabilities were assumed as
follows:
Fair value of assets acquired........................................... $ 1,394,800
Acquired in-process research and development costs...................... 4,176,800
Acquired developed technology........................................... 652,100
Cash paid............................................................... (4,610,600)
-----------
Liabilities assumed................................................ $ 1,613,100
===========
</TABLE>
NONCASH ACTIVITY -- During each of the three years in the period ended June 30,
1997, the Company recorded accretion of $334,000 for the increase in the
liquidation or redemption value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock
(Note 8).
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 57
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. GENERAL AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
Kofax Image Products (the Company) was incorporated in California on August
13, 1985 and reincorporated in the State of Delaware on February 13, 1996. The
reincorporation resulted in a change in the Company name from Kofax Image
Products to Kofax Image Products, Inc., a change in the authorized number of
shares of common stock from 10,000,000 to 40,000,000, and a change in the par
value of both the Company's common stock and preferred stock from no par value
to $.001 par value. All share amounts have been restated to reflect the
reincorporation of the Company.
The Company is a leading supplier of application software, developers
toolkits, and image processing hardware for the image and document management
market. The Company specializes primarily in the area of document capture, which
involves converting paper documents into electronic images, indexing the
documents, and then compressing and routing the images across a network for
permanent storage. The Company's products are all designed for use on
Windows-based PC platforms and industry standard network operating systems. The
Company sells its products through a worldwide network of distributors, value
added resellers, systems integrators, and Original Equipment Manufacturers
(OEMs).
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation -- The consolidated financial statements
include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary. All
intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents -- Short-term investments which have an original
maturity of three months or less are considered cash equivalents.
Investments -- The Company accounts for its investments under the
provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115,
Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. SFAS No. 115
requires investments to be classified into one of three categories:
held-to-maturity securities, trading securities and available-for-sale
securities. At June 30, 1997, all of the Company's investments were considered
to be held-to-maturity securities, which are reported at amortized cost. The
Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these securities to
maturity.
Accounts Receivable -- Accounts receivable arise in the normal course of
granting trade credit terms to customers. The Company performs credit
evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. The
Company maintains reserves for potential credit losses. At June 30, 1996 and
1997, 29% and 30% of the Company's accounts receivable were due from two
distributors.
Inventories -- Inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out
cost or market.
Property -- Property is stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are
computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful
lives of the related assets, which are generally between two and five years, or
the term of the related lease agreement, if applicable.
Other Assets -- Other assets include software development costs, intangible
assets and prepaid license and royalty fees.
Software development costs capitalized are incurred subsequent to
establishing the technological feasibility of a product and are amortized over
the life of the product, which typically ranges from 12 to 24 months. At June
30, 1996, the Company had software development costs capitalized of $53,700, net
of accumulated amortization of $137,900. Because the Company believes that its
current process for developing new software products is essentially completed
concurrently with the establishment of technological feasibility, no costs are
capitalized as of June 30, 1997.
F-6
<PAGE> 58
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Intangible assets represent the value of the Company's developed technology
from the acquisition of LaserData (Note 3), as determined by an independent
valuation. Such intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis over three
years, the estimated recovery period.
Prepaid license and royalty fees are recorded at cost and amortized based
on estimated total revenue for the related product with an annual minimum equal
to the straight-line amortization over a maximum period of two years.
Long-Lived Assets -- The Company accounts for the impairment and
disposition of long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 121, Accounting for
the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of.
In accordance with SFAS No. 121, long-lived assets to be held are reviewed for
events or changes in circumstances which indicate that their carrying value may
not be recoverable. There was no impairment of the value of such assets for the
year ended June 30, 1997.
Income Taxes -- The provision for income taxes is determined in accordance
with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and
liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements
that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years.
Revenue Recognition and Right of Return -- Revenues from software and
hardware sales are recognized upon the later of shipment of the related product
or transfer of title and are in accordance with Statement of Position 91-1,
Software Revenue Recognition, as there are no significant vendor obligations or
post-contract support at the time of delivery. The Company also offers its
distributors certain rights of return, price protection and exchange privileges
on sales. The Company records estimates for such rights of return, price
protection and exchange privileges at the time of product sale, based on
historical experience. Revenue from service and post-contract customer support
is recognized ratably over the term of the contract.
Product Warranty -- The Company provides a warranty for its products
against defects in materials and workmanship. A provision for estimated warranty
costs is recorded at the time of sale and periodically adjusted to reflect
actual experience.
Pro Forma Income per Share -- Pro forma income per share is calculated
using the weighted average number of shares of common stock and common stock
equivalents outstanding during the year and the assumed conversion of all
outstanding preferred shares into common shares at or prior to the Company's
proposed initial public offering. Pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic
4(D), all options to purchase common shares issued in the twelve months
preceding the initial filing of the Company's Registration Statement for its
initial public offering have been treated as if they were outstanding for all
periods using the treasury stock method. The Financial Accounting Standards
Board issued SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share, in February 1997, effective for
financial statements issued after December 15, 1997 (Note 13).
Net Income (Loss) Applicable to Common Stockholders -- Net income
applicable to common stockholders represents net income less the accretion
attributable to the preferred stock redemption value (Note 8).
Use of Estimates -- The preparation of financial statements in conformity
with generally accepted accounting principles necessarily requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Fair Value of Financial Statements -- Long-term debt bears interest at a
rate indexed to the prime rate; therefore, management believes the carrying
amount for the outstanding borrowings at June 30, 1997 approximates fair value.
F-7
<PAGE> 59
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Stock-Based Compensation -- The Company accounts for stock-based awards to
employees using the intrinsic value method in accordance with Accounting
Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees
(Note 8).
Pro Forma Information -- The pro forma information, which is unaudited,
reflects the conversion of all outstanding shares of preferred stock into shares
of common stock on a share-for-share basis and an increase to retained earnings
of $3,056,600 to reflect a reduction of the cumulative amounts accreted to
preferred stock liquidation value through June 30, 1997 (Note 8).
Supplier and Subcontractor Concentration. The Company purchases circuit
boards, integrated circuits and other components from third parties. The
Company's dependence on third-party suppliers involves several risks, including
limited control over pricing, availability, quality and delivery schedules. The
Company is dependent on sole-source suppliers for ASICs and certain other
critical components used in its products. The Company generally purchases
sole-sourced components pursuant to purchase orders placed in the ordinary
course of business and has no guaranteed supply arrangements with any of its
sole-source suppliers. There can be no assurance that the Company will not
experience quality control problems or supply shortages for these components in
the future. Any quality control problems or interruptions in supply with respect
to one or more components could have a material adverse effect on the Company's
business, operating results and financial condition. Because of the Company's
reliance on these suppliers, the Company may also be subject to increases in
component costs which could materially adversely affect its business, operating
results and financial condition.
The Company relies on third-party subcontractors for the manufacture of
certain of its products and components such as cable assemblies and circuit
boards, reliance on third-party subcontractors involves several risks, including
the potential inadequacy of capacity, the unavailability of or interruptions in
access to certain process technologies and reduced control over product quality,
delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs. Shortages of raw materials
to or production capacity constraints at the Company's subcontractors could
negatively affect the Company's ability to meet its production obligations and
result in increased prices for affected parts. Any such reduction or constraint
could result in delays in shipments of the Company's products or increases in
the prices of components, either of which could have a material adverse effect
on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
3. ACQUISITION
On December 30, 1995, the Company acquired certain assets and assumed
certain liabilities of LaserData, Inc. ("LaserData"), a developer of optical
storage and document management software and related hardware products. The
purpose of the acquisition was to acquire LaserData's optical storage product
(which was previously a component of LaserData's systems product), in-process
research and development and the related development team. The asset acquisition
was accounted for as a purchase, and the purchase price of $4,610,600, including
transaction expenses, was allocated to tangible net liabilities acquired of
$218,300, intangible assets of $652,100, and in-process research and development
expenses of $4,176,800, which had no future alternative use, based on an
independent appraisal.
The accompanying consolidated statements of operations include the results
of operations of LaserData, Inc. from its acquisition date of December 30, 1995.
The following unaudited pro forma information presents results of operations of
the Company for the years ended June 30, 1995 and 1996, as if the asset
acquisition had been consummated as of the beginning of fiscal 1995. The pro
forma information is presented for information purposes only. It is based on
historical information and does not necessarily reflect the actual results that
would have occurred nor is it necessarily indicative of future results of
operations of the combined enterprise.
F-8
<PAGE> 60
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED JUNE 30,
-------------------------
1995 1996
----------- -----------
<S> <C> <C>
Net sales........................................... $29,806,000 $28,273,600
Net income (loss)................................... $ 592,000 $ (949,000)
</TABLE>
4. INVESTMENTS
Held-to-maturity investments were comprised of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
GROSS UNREALIZED
MATURITY AMORTIZED ---------------- ESTIMATED
DESCRIPTION DATES COST GAINS LOSSES FAIR VALUE
- ------------------------------------ ----------------- ---------- ------- ------ ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
June 30, 1997
U.S. Treasury securities and
obligations of U.S. government
authorities and agencies.......... Within one year $4,560,500 $ -- $4,700 $4,555,800
Mortgage-backed securities.......... Five years
through ten years 42,400 1,400 41,000
---------- ------- ------ ----------
$4,602,900 $ -- $6,100 $4,596,800
========== ======= ====== ==========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
GROSS UNREALIZED
MATURITY AMORTIZED ----------------- ESTIMATED
DESCRIPTION DATES COST GAINS LOSSES FAIR VALUE
- ----------------------------------- ----------------- ---------- ------- ------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
June 30, 1996
U.S. Treasury securities and
obligations of U.S. government
authorities and agencies......... Within one year $2,666,900 $ -- $ 5,800 $2,661,100
Mortgage-backed securities......... Five years
through ten years 106,200 6,000 100,200
---------- ------- ------- ----------
$2,773,100 $ -- $11,800 $2,761,300
========== ======= ======= ==========
</TABLE>
5. INVENTORIES
Inventories at June 30 consist of the following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Raw materials....................................... $1,228,200 $1,063,300
Work-in-process..................................... 410,200 550,100
Finished goods...................................... 231,100 398,300
---------- ----------
$1,869,500 $2,011,700
========== ==========
</TABLE>
6. NOTES PAYABLE
The Company has a financing agreement with a bank expiring in October 1997,
providing for borrowings under a line of credit up to the lesser of $2,000,000
or 80% of eligible accounts receivable (as defined) at the bank's prime rate
(8.5% at June 30, 1997).
Borrowings under the line of credit are unsecured. There were no borrowings
outstanding under the financing agreement at June 30, 1996 and 1997. The
financing agreement contains certain restrictive covenants, including certain
tangible net worth levels, current ratio percentages, profitability levels and
the nonpayment or declaration of cash dividends, with which the Company was in
compliance at June 30, 1997.
In January 1996, the Company entered into a three-year, $1,150,000 term
loan. The loan bears interest at the bank's prime rate plus 1.0% (9.5% at June
30, 1997) with interest payable on a monthly basis. The
F-9
<PAGE> 61
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
principal payments are due in 35 equal installments, commencing on September 5,
1996 and continuing on the same day of each month thereafter until July 5, 1999,
on which date the entire unpaid aggregate principal and interest shall be due
and payable. Principal payments under the term loan amount to $394,300, $394,300
and $32,800 for fiscal 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Borrowings under the
term loan are collateralized by substantially all of the Company's assets. The
financing agreement contains certain restrictive covenants including certain
tangible net worth levels, current ratio percentages, profitability levels and
the nonpayment or declaration of cash dividends with which the Company was in
compliance at June 30, 1997. Interest expense was $3,486, $54,212 and $106,783
for fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
7. INCOME TAXES
The components of the Company's income tax provision (benefit) are as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1996 1997
---------- ----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Current............................... $1,108,400 $ 1,023,300 $1,455,900
Deferred.............................. (12,400) (1,523,100) (130,000)
---------- ----------- ----------
Total....................... $1,096,000 $ (499,800) $1,325,900
========== =========== ==========
</TABLE>
Reconciliations between the provision for income taxes for fiscal 1995,
1996 and 1997 and the amounts computed by applying the federal statutory tax
rate to income before the provision for income taxes are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1996 1997
---------------- --------------- ----------------
AMOUNT % AMOUNT % AMOUNT %
---------- --- --------- --- ---------- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Provision for income taxes at statutory
rate................................... $1,017,500 35% $(431,500) (35)% $1,211,400 35%
State income taxes, net of federal income
tax benefit............................ 158,400 5 (61,600) (5) 140,100 4
Benefit of foreign sales corporation
subsidiary............................. (62,900) (3) (70,900) (6) (97,500) (3)
Other.................................... (17,000) 1 64,200 5 71,900 2
-- --
---------- --------- --- ----------
Provision for income taxes............... $1,096,000 38% $(499,800) (41)% $1,325,900 38%
========== == ========= === ========== ==
</TABLE>
At June 30, the Company's net deferred tax assets consisted of the
following:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Bad debt and sales return reserves.......................... $ 119,500 $ 188,600
Inventory reserves.......................................... 76,500 157,300
Uniform capitalization of inventories....................... 42,600 53,100
Accrued vacation and bonus.................................. 112,400 74,600
Warranty reserves........................................... 67,200 80,500
State taxes................................................. (80,400) (72,400)
Depreciation................................................ 71,400 160,200
Capitalized software........................................ (23,100)
Difference between book and tax basis of acquired in-process
research and development and other intangible assets...... 1,311,100 1,303,300
Other reserves.............................................. 203,200 85,200
---------- ----------
Net deferred tax assets..................................... $1,900,400 $2,030,400
========== ==========
</TABLE>
F-10
<PAGE> 62
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
8. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
The Company has authorized 5,000,000 shares of $.001 par value preferred
stock (Note 1), 2,667,002 shares of which have been designated as Series A, B or
C preferred stock. The Company has issued 750,000 shares of its Series A
redeemable convertible preferred stock in exchange for $482,400, 1,117,002
shares of its Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock in exchange for
$1,628,800, and 800,000 shares of its Series C redeemable convertible preferred
stock in exchange for $1,978,400. The preferred stock has preference in
liquidation and is redeemable at any time at the election of the stockholders,
in each case at $.6667 per share for Series A, $1.50 per share for Series B and
$2.50 per share for Series C. The preferred stock has voting rights and entitles
the holder to an 8% cumulative dividend upon liquidation or redemption. The
value of the preferred stock has been accreted to reflect the current redemption
or liquidation value, which includes cumulative dividends in arrears amounting
to $3,056,600 as of June 30, 1997. Cumulative dividends in arrears would be
payable upon liquidation or redemption and would not be payable upon conversion
of the preferred stock into common stock.
Each share of Series A, Series B and Series C redeemable convertible
preferred stock is convertible at the holder's option into shares of the
Company's common stock on a one-for-one basis. The conversion ratio would be
adjusted to allow the preferred stock to be converted into a greater number of
shares if certain future stock sales by the Company (as defined) are made or in
the event of common stock splits or common stock dividends. If the preferred
stock has not been redeemed or converted as of the effective date of a public
offering of the Company's common stock, it will be converted automatically to
common stock at such time on a one-for-one basis. In addition, the preferred
stock agreement restricts the Company from paying dividends on its common stock
prior to the payment of dividends on preferred stock, selling or purchasing its
common stock under certain conditions, and disposing of substantial amounts of
assets (as defined). Rights of holders of preferred stock will discontinue upon
conversion of the preferred stock into common stock.
During 1986, the Company adopted a stock purchase plan for key employees,
directors and consultants. The plan was later amended in 1992 (the "Amended
Plan") to include the granting of incentive stock options and nonqualified stock
options. The Amended Plan provides for the granting of options to purchase or
the right to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of the Company's
common stock at the fair market value at the date of grant or not less than 85%
of the fair market value at the date of grant for nonqualified options and stock
purchases (110% of fair market value if sold to individuals holding 10% or more
of the voting power of the then outstanding shares). Shares sold or options
granted under the plan generally vest over a four-year period, starting with the
date of employment or the respective vesting date as determined by the Board of
Directors, and terminate no later than ten years from the date of grant. The
Amended Plan also provides that, upon termination of employment of a
stockholder, the Company may repurchase any sold but unvested restricted shares
at the original purchase price, plus 5% interest per year.
The Amended Plan was terminated in November 1996, on the tenth anniversary
of the Effective Date of such plan and no options or rights to purchase may be
granted under the plan, but option agreements, stock purchase agreements and
rights to purchase then outstanding shall continue in effect in accordance with
their respective terms.
On June 19, 1996, the Company adopted an incentive stock option,
nonqualified stock option and restricted stock purchase plan (the 1996 Plan) for
qualified employees, officers and directors (including nonemployee directors)
and consultants. The 1996 Plan provides for the granting of options to purchase
or the right to purchase up to an aggregate of 800,000 shares, as amended, of
the Company's common stock at the fair market value at the date of grant for an
incentive stock option or not less than 85% of the fair market value at the date
of grant for nonqualified options (110% of fair market value if an option is
granted to a 10% stockholder on the date of grant). The purchase price per share
of restricted stock covered by each right to purchase shall not be less than 85%
of the fair market value on the date the right to purchase is granted (100%
F-11
<PAGE> 63
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
of fair market value at the date of grant if the right to purchase is granted to
a 10% stockholder on the date of grant).
Stock purchase and option activity for each of the three years in the
period ended June 30, 1997 is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SHARES PROVIDED FOR PRICE RANGE PER SHARE
----------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
RESTRICTED NONQUALIFIED RESTRICTED NONQUALIFIED
STOCK OPTIONS OPTIONS STOCK OPTIONS OPTIONS
---------- ------- ------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
BALANCES, July 1, 1994............. 539,544 141,250 -- $.10 - $ .60 $ .50 - $ .60
Granted............................ 89,600 .60 - 1.20
Shares sold or options exercised... 500 (8,125) 1.20 .50 - .60
Stock repurchased.................. (1,150) .30
Canceled........................... (29,975) .50 - 1.20
------- ------- ------
BALANCES, June 30, 1995............ 538,894 192,750 .10 - 1.20 .50 - 1.60
Granted............................ 142,975 13,000 2.50 - 5.00 5.00
Exercised.......................... (14,025) .50 - .60
Stock repurchased.................. (125) .30
Canceled........................... (16,950) .50 - 5.00
------- ------- ------
BALANCES, June 30, 1996............ 538,769 304,750 13,000 .10 - .30 .50 - 5.00 5.00
Granted............................ 123,400 5.00 - 5.00
Exercised.......................... (15,837) .50 - 5.00
Canceled........................... (40,500) .50 - 5.00
------- ------- ------
BALANCES, June 30, 1997............ 538,769 371,813 13,000 $.10 - .30 $ .50 - $5.00 $ 5.00
======= ======= ======
</TABLE>
At June 30, 1997, 483,300 shares of common stock were available for
issuance under the Company's stock option and purchase plan.
The following is a summary of the weighted average exercise prices for
activity during the years ended June 30, 1996 and 1997:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SHARES PROVIDED FOR WEIGHTED AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE
----------------------------------- -----------------------------------
RESTRICTED NONQUALIFIED RESTRICTED NONQUALIFIED
STOCK OPTIONS OPTIONS STOCK OPTIONS OPTIONS
---------- ------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
OUTSTANDING, July 1, 1995.................. 538,894 192,750 -- $ 0.25 $0.73 $ --
Granted.................................... 142,975 13,000 $ 4.13
Exercised.................................. (14,025) $0.54
Canceled................................... (16,950) $1.98
Stock repurchased.......................... (125) $ 0.30
------- ------- ------
OUTSTANDING, June 30, 1996................. 538,769 304,750 13,000 $ 0.25 $2.27 $ 5.00
Granted.................................... 123,400 $5.00
Exercised.................................. (15,837) $0.80
Canceled................................... (40,500) $3.22
------- ------- ------
OUTSTANDING, June 30, 1997................. 538,769 371,813 13,000 $ 0.25 $3.13 $ 5.00
======= ======= ======
Exercisable as of June 30, 1997............ 131,942 4,875 $1.72 $ 5.00
======= ======
</TABLE>
F-12
<PAGE> 64
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Additional information regarding options outstanding as of June 30, 1997 is
as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
----------------------------------------- OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
WEIGHTED -------------------------
NUMBER AVERAGE WEIGHTED NUMBER WEIGHTED
OUTSTANDING REMAINING AVERAGE EXERCISABLE AVERAGE
RANGE OF AS OF JUNE 30, CONTRACTUAL EXERCISE AS OF JUNE 30, EXERCISE
EXERCISE PRICES 1997 LIFE IN YEARS PRICE 1997 PRICE
- ----------------------------------------- -------------- ------------- -------- -------------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$.50 - .60............................... 110,113 1.39 $ 0.56 80,174 $ 0.55
1.20 - 1.60.............................. 26,100 2.59 $ 1.43 12,950 $ 1.43
2.50 - 3.50.............................. 45,400 3.05 $ 2.52 12,412 $ 2.54
5.00 - 5.00.............................. 190,200 4.12 $ 5.00 26,406 $ 5.00
------- -------
$.50 - 5.00.............................. 371,813 3.08 $ 3.13 131,942 $ 1.72
======= =======
</TABLE>
As discussed in Note 2, the Company continues to account for its
stock-based awards using the intrinsic value method in accordance with APB
Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related
interpretations. No compensation expense has been recognized in the financial
statements for employee stock arrangements.
In July 1997, the Company issued additional options to purchase 13,000
shares of common stock at $5.00 per share. The Company expects to record
compensation expense over the vesting period for the difference between option
price and the estimated fair value of $8.25 relating to these options.
SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, requires the
disclosure of pro forma net income and earnings per share had the Company
adopted the fair value method as of the beginning of fiscal 1996. Under SFAS No.
123, the fair value of stock-based awards to employees is calculated through the
use of option-pricing models, even though such models were developed to estimate
the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting
restrictions, which significantly differ from the Company's stock option awards.
These models also require subjective assumptions, including future stock price
volatility and expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated
values. The Company's calculations were made using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: Expected
life, 48 months, no stock volatility in fiscal 1996 or in fiscal 1997; risk-free
interest rates, 5.63% in fiscal 1996 and 6.40% in fiscal 1997 and no dividends
during the expected term. The Company's calculations are based on a
single-option valuation approach and forfeitures are recognized as they occur,
if the computed fair values of the fiscal 1996 and 1997 awards had been
amortized to expense over the vesting period of the awards, net (loss) income
and earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts
indicated below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1996 1997
--------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Pro forma net (loss) income......................... $(750,288) $2,091,393
Pro forma net (loss) income per share............... $ (0.83) $ 0.51
</TABLE>
The impact of outstanding nonvested stock options granted prior to 1996 has
been excluded from the pro forma calculation; accordingly, the fiscal 1996 and
fiscal 1997 pro forma adjustments are not indicative of future period pro forma
adjustments when the calculation will apply to all applicable stock options.
9. COMMITMENTS
The Company leases its production and office facilities under operating
leases, expiring on various dates through fiscal 2000. The leases require the
Company to pay certain building operating costs. Rent, which is recognized
ratably over the terms of the leases, and related building maintenance costs was
$505,700, $609,500 and $744,300 during fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
Future minimum annual lease payments under facility and other operating leases
amount to $722,900, $476,800 and $147,100 for fiscal 1998, 1999 and 2000,
respectively.
F-13
<PAGE> 65
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company has also entered into various licensing agreements which
require per unit fees or royalties between 3.5% and 5.0% of net sales of certain
products. The agreements are generally in effect over the life of the products.
Royalty expense for fiscal 1995, 1996 and 1997 was $26,800, $102,000 and
$390,400, respectively. Royalty fees of $33,000 and $116,600 were accrued for as
of June 30, 1996 and 1997.
The Company has agreements with various domestic distributors which are
cancelable at specified dates defined in the agreements. The agreements allow
for one or more of the following: certain price protection provisions, the right
to exchange inventories provided that subsequent purchases are made and/or the
right to return Company inventories for refunds of between 80% and 100% of the
actual net invoice price paid by the distributor upon termination of the
distribution agreement.
The Company offers a program to certain distributors to provide for
reimbursement of qualified cooperative marketing costs (as defined). Amounts
reimbursed under such programs were $245,400, $301,600 and $372,900 in fiscal
1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively.
10. EXPORT SALES AND SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS
The Company had export sales as a percentage of net sales for each of the
three years ended June 30, as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Europe........................................ 26% 26% 25%
Asia.......................................... 5 6 5
Other......................................... 5 4 4
--- --- ---
36% 36% 34%
=== === ===
</TABLE>
The Company had sales to certain distributors as a percentage of net sales
for the three years ended June 30, as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1995 1996 1997
---- ---- ----
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Law-Cypress Distributing Co. ................. 13% 16% 14%
Tech Data Corporation......................... 14% 13% 14%
Cranel Inc. .................................. -- -- 10%
</TABLE>
A decision by a significant customer to decrease the amount purchased from
the Company could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial
condition and results of operations.
11. 401(K) SAVINGS PLAN
The Company has a 401(k) savings plan (the Plan). The Plan is a defined
contribution plan for all full-time employees (participants) of the Company who
have reached age 21 and have met the required service of 90 days. The Plan
permits a participant to contribute up to the lesser of 15% of the participant's
compensation for that calendar year or $9,500 for 1997. The Plan provides for
employer discretionary contributions determined by the Board of Directors on an
annual basis. Participant contributions are fully vested at all times. Employer
contributions vest at a rate of 20% per year after the second year of
participation. There were no employer contributions to the Plan during fiscal
1995 and 1996. Employer contributions of $67,500 were made to the Plan in fiscal
1997.
12. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
On September 26, 1997, VisionShape, Inc. ("VisionShape") filed suit against
the Company in the Superior Court of Orange County, California. VisionShape
claims that the Company's Adrenaline accelerator boards prevent the use of
software other than the Company's software, which, the complaint alleges,
creates a
F-14
<PAGE> 66
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
monopoly or otherwise constitutes a tying arrangement in violation of state and
federal antitrust laws. VisionShape seeks unspecified monetary damages and costs
as well as equitable remedies, including an order enjoining the Company from
selling its Adrenaline accelerator boards. VisionShape also seeks treble damages
and attorneys' fees. Based upon information currently available to the Company,
the Company believes VisionShape's claims are without merit and intends to
contest vigorously any action against the Company. However, it is too early to
determine the outcome of such suit and there can be no assurance as the eventual
outcome of such actions.
The Company is also involved from time to time in litigation or claims
arising in the ordinary course of its business. While the ultimate liability, if
any, arising from these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company
believes that the resolution of these matters will not likely have a material
adverse effect on the Company's financial statements.
13. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENT
Effective December 27, 1997, the Company will adopt SFAS No. 128, "Earnings
per Share." At that time, the Company will be required to change the method
currently used to calculate earnings per share and to restate all prior periods.
Early adoption is not permitted. The new requirements will include a calculation
of basic earnings per share from which the dilutive effect of stock options will
be excluded. A calculation of diluted earnings per share will also be required.
A pro forma calculation of basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per
share for fiscal 1997 would have been $1.37 and $0.52 per share.
For the years beginning after July 1, 1998, the Company will adopt SFAS No.
130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income" and SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures About
Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." The Company is reviewing the
impact of such statements on its financial statements.
14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan") was
adopted by the Board of Directors on August 27, 1997 and approved by the
Company's stockholders on August 27, 1997, covering an aggregate of 150,000
shares of common stock. The Purchase Plan, which is intended to qualify as an
"employee stock purchase plan" under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code,
will be implemented by twelve-month offerings with purchases occurring at
three-month intervals commencing on the date of this Prospectus. For the initial
offering period, the offering period will commence on the effective date for the
Purchase Plan and conclude on December 31, 1998. The Purchase Plan will be
administered by the Stock Option Committee. Employees will be eligible to
participate if they are employed by the Company for at least 30 hours per week
and if they have been employed by the Company for at least one year. The
Purchase Plan permits eligible employees to purchase common stock through
payroll deductions, which may not exceed 15% of an employee's compensation. The
price of stock purchased under the Purchase Plan will be 85% of the lower of the
fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of the three-month
offering period or on the applicable purchase date. Employees may end their
participation in the offering at any time during the offering period, and
participation ends automatically on termination of employment. The Board of
Directors may at any time amend or terminate the Purchase Plan, except that no
such amendment or termination may adversely affect rights previously granted
under the Purchase Plan. The Purchase Plan will in all events terminate in
September 2007.
On August 27, 1997 the Company adopted its 1997 Stock Option Plan for
Non-Employee Directors (the "Director Plan"), covering an aggregate of 100,000
shares of common stock. Under the Director Plan, each non-employee director of
the Company who was a director of the Company on August 27, 1997, or who is
F-15
<PAGE> 67
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
thereafter elected as a director during the term of the Director Plan, shall be
granted an option consisting of 10,000 shares of common stock, which option
shall vest and become exercisable at the rate of 25% per year over the four-year
period following the grant date. The exercise price of all options granted under
the Director Plan shall be 100% of the fair market value of the common stock on
the date of grant, and all such options shall have a term of 10 years. In
addition, upon the expiration of each such four-year period during such
non-employee director's term of office such non-employee director shall receive
an additional option covering 10,000 shares of common stock, with the same
vesting schedule, subject to the limitations set forth in the Director Plan.
F-16
<PAGE> 68
======================================================
NO DEALER, SALESPERSON OR OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY
INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS
PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THIS PROSPECTUS. IF GIVEN OR
MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN
AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR THE UNDERWRITERS. THIS PROSPECTUS DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY ANY SECURITIES
OTHER THAN THE SHARES OF COMMON STOCK TO WHICH THIS PROSPECTUS RELATES, OR AN
OFFER IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT AUTHORIZED,
OR IN WHICH THE PERSON MAKING SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT QUALIFIED TO DO
SO, OR TO ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS UNLAWFUL TO MAKE SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION.
NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL, UNDER
ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE ANY IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE
AFFAIRS OF THE COMPANY SINCE THE DATE HEREOF OR THAT THE INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO THE DATE HEREOF.
------------------------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Prospectus Summary..................... 3
Summary Consolidated Financial Data.... 4
Risk Factors........................... 5
Use of Proceeds........................ 13
Dividend Policy........................ 13
Capitalization......................... 14
Dilution............................... 15
Selected Consolidated Financial Data... 16
Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of
Operations........................... 17
Business............................... 22
Management............................. 37
Certain Transactions................... 41
Principal and Selling Stockholders..... 42
Description of Capital Stock........... 44
Shares Eligible for Future Sale........ 45
Underwriting........................... 47
Legal Matters.......................... 48
Experts................................ 48
Additional Information................. 49
Index to Financial Statements.......... 50
</TABLE>
------------------------
UNTIL , 1997 (25 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS), ALL
DEALERS EFFECTING TRANSACTIONS IN THE COMMON STOCK, WHETHER OR NOT PARTICIPATING
IN THIS DISTRIBUTION, MAY BE REQUIRED TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS. THIS DELIVERY
REQUIREMENT IS IN ADDITION TO THE OBLIGATION OF DEALERS TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS
WHEN ACTING AS UNDERWRITERS AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR UNSOLD ALLOTMENTS OR
SUBSCRIPTIONS.
======================================================
======================================================
2,000,000 Shares
LOGO
Common Stock
------------------------
PROSPECTUS
------------------------
Needham & Company, Inc.
Unterberg Harris
------------------------
, 1997
======================================================
<PAGE> 69
APPENDIX
Inside front cover:
Product photos and screen shots of Ascent Software.
Gatefold:
Schematic diagram of scanning/capture/storage process
Inside back cover:
Product photos and screen shots of Andrenaline image
processing boards and ImageControls.
<PAGE> 70
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth all costs and expenses, other than
underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by the Company in connection
with the sale of the Common Stock being registered hereunder. All of the amounts
shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee, the NASD filing fee and
the Nasdaq National Market application fee.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TO BE PAID BY
THE COMPANY
--------------
<S> <C>
SEC registration fee............................................ $ 9,061
NASD filing fee................................................. 3,490
Nasdaq National Market application fee.......................... 30,736
Printing expenses............................................... 115,000
Legal fees and expenses......................................... 200,000
Accounting fees and expenses.................................... 130,000
Blue sky fees and expenses...................................... 10,000
Transfer agent and registrar fees............................... 4,000
Director and Officer liability insurance........................ 250,000
Miscellaneous................................................... 47,713
--------
Total................................................. $800,000
========
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* To be filed by amendment.
The Company will bear the expenses of the Selling Stockholders in
connection with the registration of their shares, other than the underwriting
discounts and commissions.
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
As permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (Exhibit 3.1 hereto) eliminates the
liability of directors to the Company or its stockholders for monetary damages
for breach of fiduciary duty as a directors, except to the extent otherwise
required by the Delaware General Corporation Law.
The Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Company will
indemnify each person who was or is made a party to any proceeding by reason of
the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Company against
all expense, liability and loss reasonably incurred or suffered by such person
in connection therewith to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General
Corporation Law. The Company's Bylaws (Exhibit 3.3 hereto) provide for a similar
indemnity to directors and officers of the Company to the fullest extent
authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law.
The Restated Certificate of Incorporation also gives the Company the
ability to enter into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and
officers. The Company has entered into indemnification agreement with each of
its directors and officers (Exhibit 10.8 hereto), which provide for the
indemnification of directors an officers of the Company against any an all
expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement, to the
fullest extent permitted by law.
II-1
<PAGE> 71
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
The following is a summary of transactions by the Company during the last
three years preceding the date hereof involving sales of the Company's
securities that were not registered under the Securities Act:
From time to time since July 1, 1994, the Registrant issued an aggregate of
410,625 incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options and rights to
purchase Common Stock pursuant to the Registrant's Amended and Restated
Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option and Restricted Stock Purchase
Plan and the 1996 Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option and
Restricted Stock Purchase Plan (collectively the "Plans") to officers, directors
and employees of the Registrant. During the period referred to above through
August 22, 1997, 40,987 options and rights to purchase granted pursuant to the
Plans were exercised for an aggregate exercise price of $35,250. Exemption from
the registration provisions of the Securities Act is claimed, with respect to
the grant of options referred to above, on the basis that the grant of options
did not involve a "sale" of securities and, therefore, registration thereof was
not required, and with respect to the exercise of options and rights to purchase
referred to above, on the basis that such transactions met the requirements of
Rule 701 as promulgated under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act.
In February 1996, Kofax Image Products, a California corporation ("Kofax
California"), merged with and into its wholly-owned subsidiary, Kofax Image
Products, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Kofax Delaware"). In connection with
the merger, Kofax Delaware issued an aggregate of 1,307,069 shares of Common
Stock to the holders of common stock of Kofax California and an aggregate of
2,667,002 shares of preferred stock to the holders of preferred stock of Kofax
California, such that holders of Common Stock and preferred stock of Kofax
California received a proportionate interest in Kofax Delaware common stock and
preferred stock, respectively, without giving effect to the offering. The
issuances of securities will not be registered under the Securities Act due to
the exemption from registration thereunder provided by Section 3(a)(9) thereof.
II-2
<PAGE> 72
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NO. DESCRIPTION
- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement.(1)
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.(1)
3.2 Bylaws of the Company, as amended.
3.3 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.
4.1 Specimen Certificate of Common Stock.(1)
5.1 Opinion of Stradling, Yocca, Carlson & Rauth, a Professional Corporation.
10.1 Amended and Restated Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option and
Restricted Stock Purchase Plan (the "1992 Plan"), as amended on September 11,
1992.(1)
10.2 Form of Incentive Option Agreement pertaining to the 1992 Plan.(1)
10.3 Form of Nonqualified Option Agreement pertaining to the 1992 Plan.(1)
10.4 Form of Restricted Stock Agreement pertaining to the 1992 Plan.(1)
10.5 1996 Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option and Restricted Stock
Purchase Plan (the "1996 Plan").(1)
10.6 Form of Stock Option Agreement pertaining to the 1996 Plan.(1)
10.7 Intentionally omitted.
10.8 Kofax Image Products, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the
"Director Plan").(1)
10.9 Form of Stock Option Agreement pertaining to the Director Plan.(1)
10.10 Kofax Image Products, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.(1)
10.11 Form of Indemnification Agreement for Officers and Directors of the Company.(1)
10.12 Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 28, 1992, between the Company and
Silicon Valley Bank; Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated March 9, 1993; Amendment
to Loan and Security Agreement, dated October 10, 1994; Amendment to Loan and
Security Agreement, dated October 5, 1995; Amendment to Loan and Security
Agreement, dated January 26, 1996; and Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement,
dated October 31, 1996.(1)
10.13 First Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 6, 1989, by and
among the Company and the Purchasers identified therein.(1)
10.14 Lease, dated March 31, 1988, between The Irvine Company, as Landlord, and the
Company, as Tenant, relating to the Company's Irvine, California offices; First
Amendment to Lease, dated March 7, 1990; Second Amendment to Lease, dated May 4,
1990; Third Amendment to Lease, dated August 22, 1991; Fourth Amendment to Lease,
dated March 15, 1994; and Fifth Amendment to Lease, dated September 25, 1996.(1)
10.15 Net Lease, dated February 24, 1989, between LaserData, Inc. and Vesper Properties
I Trust; Amendment 1, dated September 11, 1991; Amendment No. 2, dated August 31,
1994; and Amendment No. 3, dated July 24, 1997.(1)
10.16 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 30, 1995, between the Company and
LaserData, Inc.(1)
10.17 Distributor Agreement, dated August 16, 1990, between the Company and Law-Cypress
Distributing.(1)
</TABLE>
II-3
<PAGE> 73
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NO. DESCRIPTION
- ------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<C> <S>
10.18 Distributor Agreement, dated March 1, 1993, between the Company and Tech Data
Corporation; Modification Agreement, dated September 24, 1996; Letter Amendment,
dated October 16, 1996; Addendum, dated October 23, 1996.(1)
10.19 Distributor Agreement, dated July 25, 1990, between the Company and Cranel Inc.(1)
10.20 License Agreement, dated September 10, 1996, between the Company and CAERE
Corporation.(1)
10.21 Software License Agreement, dated October 1, 1993, between the Company and
Softbridge Inc.(1)
10.22 Software License Agreement, dated June 1, 1993, between the Company and Pixel
Translations, Inc.; Modification to Software License Agreement, dated July 1,
1995; and Modification to Software License Agreement, dated June 1, 1996.(1)
10.23 Services Contract, dated September 25, 1995, between the Company and Midcontinent
Business Systems, Inc.(1)
10.24 License Contract, dated July 1, 1996, between the Company and Midcontinent
Business Systems, Inc.(1)
10.25 NEST SDK Developer Product Distribution License Exhibit, dated July 31, 1996,
between the Company and Novell, Inc.(1)
10.26 Temporary Distribution License, dated October 17, 1996, between the Company and
Novell, Inc.(1)
11.1 Computation of pro forma net income (loss) per share.(1)
23.1 Consent of Stradling, Yocca, Carlson & Rauth (see Exhibit 5.1).
23.2 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
24.1 Power of Attorney (see page II-6).(1)
27.1 Financial Data Schedule.(1)
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Previously filed.
(b) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
Schedule II -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable
accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not
required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have
been omitted.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The Company hereby undertakes to provide to the Underwriters at the closing
specified in the Underwriting Agreement certificates in such denominations and
registered in such names as required by the Underwriters to permit prompt
delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Company
pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, the Company has been advised
that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and
is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Company of expenses
incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Company in
the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the Company will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter
has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate
jurisdiction the question of whether such
II-4
<PAGE> 74
indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities
Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Company hereby undertakes that:
For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of a
Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form
of prospectus filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or
497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of the
Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act,
each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be
deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be
deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-5
<PAGE> 75
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 the Registrant
has duly caused this Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Irvine,
State of California, on the 2nd day of October, 1997.
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
By: /s/ DAVID S. SILVER
------------------------------------
David S. Silver
President and Chief Executive
Officer
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,
this Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement has been signed by the following
persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SIGNATURE TITLE DATE
- --------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ DAVID S. SILVER Chairman of the Board, October 2, 1997
- --------------------------------------------- President, Chief Executive
David S. Silver Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ RONALD J. FIKERT* Vice President Finance, Chief October 2, 1997
- --------------------------------------------- Financial Officer and
Ronald J. Fikert Secretary (Principal Financial
and Principal Accounting
Officer)
/s/ DEAN A. HOUGH* Vice President, Engineering October 2, 1997
- --------------------------------------------- and Director
Dean A. Hough
/s/ ALEXANDER CILENTO* Director October 2, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------
Alexander Cilento
/s/ WILLIAM E. DROBISH* Director October 2, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------
William E. Drobish
/s/ CLIFFORD L. HAAS* Director October 2, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------
Clifford L. Haas
/s/ B. ALLEN LAY* Director October 2, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------
B. Allen Lay
/s/ DAVID C. SEIGLE* Director October 2, 1997
- ---------------------------------------------
David C. Seigle
</TABLE>
*By:/s/ DAVID S. SILVER
- ------------------------------------
David S. Silver,
as Attorney-In-Fact
II-6
<PAGE> 76
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ADDITIONS
BALANCE AT CHARGED TO
BEGINNING COSTS AND BALANCE AT
DESCRIPTION OF YEAR EXPENSES DEDUCTIONS END OF YEAR
- --------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Year ended June 30, 1995:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales
returns....................................... $ 191,500 172,300 (800) $ 363,000
Obsolete inventory reserve....................... $ 231,300 165,600 (238,500) $ 158,400
Year ended June 30, 1996:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales
returns....................................... $ 363,000 140,300 (121,800) $ 381,500
Obsolete inventory reserve....................... $ 158,400 184,100 (169,000) $ 173,500
Year ended June 30, 1997:
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales
returns....................................... $ 381,500 155,800 (114,400) $ 422,900
Obsolete inventory reserve....................... $ 173,500 376,500 (186,800) $ 363,200
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 77
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SEQUENTIALLY
EXHIBIT NUMBERED
NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE
- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
<C> <S> <C>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement(1).......................................
3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company(1).................
3.2 Bylaws of the Company, as amended.......................................
3.3 Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company.................................................................
4.1 Specimen Certificate of Common Stock(1).................................
5.1 Opinion of Stradling, Yocca, Carlson & Rauth, a Professional
Corporation.............................................................
10.1 Amended and Restated Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option
and Restricted Stock Purchase Plan (the "1992 Plan"), as amended on
September 11, 1992(1)...................................................
10.2 Form of Incentive Option Agreement pertaining to the 1992 Plan(1).......
10.3 Form of Nonqualified Option Agreement pertaining to the 1992 Plan(1)....
10.4 Form of Restricted Stock Agreement pertaining to the 1992 Plan(1).......
10.5 1996 Incentive Stock Option, Nonqualified Stock Option and Restricted
Stock Purchase Plan (the "1996 Plan")(1)................................
10.6 Form of Stock Option Agreement pertaining to the 1996 Plan(1)...........
10.7 Intentionally omitted...................................................
10.8 Kofax Image Products, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee
Directors (the "Director Plan")(1)......................................
10.9 Form of Stock Option Agreement pertaining to the Director Plan(1).......
10.10 Kofax Image Products, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan(1).........
10.11 Form of Indemnification Agreement for Officers and Directors of the
Company(1)..............................................................
10.12 Loan and Security Agreement, dated February 28, 1992, between the
Company and Silicon Valley Bank; Amendment to Loan Agreement, dated
March 9, 1993; Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated October
10, 1994; Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated October 5,
1995; Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated January 26, 1996;
and Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated October 31,
1996(1).................................................................
10.13 First Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 6, 1989,
by and among the Company and the Purchasers identified therein(1).......
10.14 Lease, dated March 31, 1988, between The Irvine Company, as Landlord,
and the Company, as Tenant, relating to the Company's Irvine, California
offices; First Amendment to Lease, dated March 7, 1990; Second Amendment
to Lease, dated May 4, 1990; Third Amendment to Lease, dated August 22,
1991; Fourth Amendment to Lease, dated March 15, 1994; and Fifth
Amendment to Lease, dated September 25, 1996(1).........................
10.15 Net Lease, dated February 24, 1989, between LaserData, Inc. and Vesper
Properties I Trust; Amendment 1, dated September 11, 1991; Amendment No.
2, dated August 31, 1994; and Amendment No. 3, dated July 24, 1997(1)...
10.16 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated December 30, 1995, between the Company
and LaserData, Inc.(1)..................................................
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 78
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SEQUENTIALLY
EXHIBIT NUMBERED
NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE
- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
<C> <S> <C>
10.17 Distributor Agreement, dated August 16, 1990, between the Company and
Law-Cypress Distributing(1).............................................
10.18 Distributor Agreement, dated March 1, 1993, between the Company and Tech
Data Corporation; Modification Agreement, dated September 24, 1996;
Letter Amendment, dated October 16, 1996; Addendum, dated October 23,
1996(1).................................................................
10.19 Distributor Agreement, dated July 25, 1990, between the Company and
Cranel Inc.(1)..........................................................
10.20 License Agreement, dated September 10, 1996, between the Company and
CAERE Corporation(1)....................................................
10.21 Software License Agreement, dated October 1, 1993, between the Company
and Softbridge Inc.(1)..................................................
10.22 Software License Agreement, dated June 1, 1993, between the Company and
Pixel Translations, Inc.; Modification to Software License Agreement,
dated July 1, 1995; and Modification to Software License Agreement,
dated June 1, 1996(1)...................................................
10.23 Services Contract, dated September 25, 1995, between the Company and
Midcontinent Business Systems, Inc.(1)..................................
10.24 License Contract, dated July 1, 1996, between the Company and
Midcontinent Business Systems, Inc.(1)..................................
10.25 NEST SDK Developer Product Distribution License Exhibit, dated July 31,
1996, between the Company and Novell, Inc.(1)...........................
10.26 Temporary Distribution License, dated October 17, 1996, between the
Company and Novell, Inc.(1).............................................
11.1 Computation of pro forma net income (loss) per share(1).................
23.1 Consent of Stradling, Yocca, Carlson & Rauth (see Exhibit 5.1)..........
23.2 Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP........................................
24.1 Power of Attorney (see page II-6)(1)....................................
27.1 Financial Data Schedule(1)..............................................
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Previously filed.
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 3.2
BYLAWS
OF
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
AS ADOPTED AUGUST 11, 1995
AND
AMENDED AND RESTATED ON JANUARY 16, 1996
<PAGE> 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
<S> <C> <C>
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
Section 1. Registered Office. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 2. Other Offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 3. Books. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section 1. Place of Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 2. Annual Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 3. Special Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 4. Notification of Business to be Transacted at Meeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section 5. Notice; Waiver of Notice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 6. Quorum; Adjournment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 7. Voting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 8. Stockholder Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Section 9. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 10. Stock Ledger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 11. Inspectors of Election. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 12. Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section 13. Order of Business. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
Section 1. Powers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 2. Number and Election of Directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 3. Vacancies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 4. Time and Place of Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 5. Annual Meeting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 6. Regular Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 7. Special Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section 8. Quorum; Vote Required for Action; Adjournment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 9. Action by Written Consent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 10. Telephone Meetings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 11. Committees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Section 12. Compensation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 13. Interested Directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Section 14. Removal of Directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
</TABLE>
i
<PAGE> 3
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
Section 1. Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 2. Appointment of Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 3. Subordinate Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 4. Removal and Resignation of Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 5. Vacancies in Offices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 6. Chairman of the Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 7. Vice Chairman of the Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Section 8. Chief Executive Officer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 9. President. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 10. Vice President. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 11. Secretary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 12. Chief Financial Officer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ARTICLE V
STOCK
Section 1. Form of Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 2. Signatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 3. Lost Certificates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 4. Transfers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Section 5. Record Holders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 1. Right to Indemnification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 2. Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section 3. Non-Exclusivity of Rights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 4. Insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 5. Indemnification of Employees or Agents of the Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 6. Indemnification Contracts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 7. Effect of Amendment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 1. Dividends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section 2. Disbursements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 3. Fiscal Year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 4. Corporate Seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 5. Record Date. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 6. Voting of Stock Owned by the Corporation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 7. Construction and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Section 8. Amendments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
</TABLE>
ii
<PAGE> 4
BYLAWS
OF
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
ARTICLE I
OFFICES
SECTION 1. REGISTERED OFFICE. The registered office of the
Corporation in the State of Delaware shall be in the City of Dover, County of
Kent.
SECTION 2. OTHER OFFICES. The Corporation may also have offices
at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board
of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation
may require.
SECTION 3. BOOKS. The books of the Corporation may be kept
within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time
to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
ARTICLE II
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 1. PLACE OF MEETINGS. All meetings of stockholders for
the election of directors shall be held at such place either within or without
the State of Delaware as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of
Directors, or at such other place either within or without the State of
Delaware as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and
stated in the notice of the meeting. Meetings of stockholders for any other
purpose may be held at such time and place, within or without the State of
Delaware, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed
waiver of notice thereof.
SECTION 2. ANNUAL MEETINGS. Annual meetings of stockholders
shall be held at a time and date designated by the Board of Directors for the
purpose of electing directors and transacting such other business as may
properly be brought before the meeting.
SECTION 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of stockholders,
for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the
Certificate of Incorporation, may be called by the President and shall be
called by the President or Secretary at the request in writing of a majority of
the Board of Directors, or at the request in writing of a stockholder or
stockholders owning stock of the Corporation possessing ten percent (10%) of
the voting power possessed by all of the then outstanding capital stock of any
class of the Corporation entitled to vote. Such request shall state the
purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting.
SECTION 4. NOTIFICATION OF BUSINESS TO BE TRANSACTED AT MEETING.
To be properly brought before a meeting, business must be (a) specified in the
notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of
the Board of Directors, (b) otherwise properly brought before
1
<PAGE> 5
the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (c) otherwise
properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder entitled to vote at the
meeting.
SECTION 5. NOTICE; WAIVER OF NOTICE. Whenever stockholders are
required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written notice of the
meeting shall be given which shall state the place, date and hour of the
meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for
which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise required by law, such notice
shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the
date of the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such
meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in
the mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it
appears on the records of the Corporation. A written waiver of any such notice
signed by the person entitled thereto, whether before or after the time stated
therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a
meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the
person attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the
beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the
meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
SECTION 6. QUORUM; ADJOURNMENT. Except as otherwise required by
law, or provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the
holders of a majority of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled
to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders. A
meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact
business, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a
quorum, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required
quorum to conduct that meeting. If, however, such quorum shall not be present
or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to
vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement
at the meeting of the time and place of the adjourned meeting, until a quorum
shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum
shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might
have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment
is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record
date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting
shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting.
SECTION 7. VOTING. Except as otherwise required by law, or
provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any question
brought before any meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present shall
be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock represented
and entitled to vote thereat. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of
Incorporation, each stockholder represented at a meeting of stockholders shall
be entitled to cast one vote for each share of the capital stock entitled to
vote thereat held by such stockholder. Such votes may be cast in person or by
proxy, but no proxy shall be voted on or after three (3) years from its date,
unless such proxy provides for a longer period. Elections of directors need
not be by ballot unless the Chairman of the meeting so directs or unless a
stockholder demands election by ballot at the meeting and before the voting
begins.
SECTION 8. STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A
MEETING. Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any
action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, may
be taken without a meeting and without prior notice, if a consent in writing,
setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding
shares having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary
to authorize or take such
2
<PAGE> 6
action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present
and voted. All such consents shall be filed with the Secretary of the
Corporation and shall be maintained in the corporate records. Prompt notice of
the taking of corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written
consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing.
SECTION 9. LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE. The officer
who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make,
at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of
the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical
order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares
registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the
examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during
ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the
meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held,
which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so
specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also
be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time
thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is
present.
SECTION 10. STOCK LEDGER. The stock ledger of the Corporation
shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine
the stock ledger, the list required by Section 9 of this Article II or the
books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of
stockholders.
SECTION 11. INSPECTORS OF ELECTION. In advance of any meeting of
stockholders, the Board of Directors may appoint one or more persons (who shall
not be candidates for office) as inspectors of election to act at the meeting
or any adjournment thereof. If an inspector or inspectors are not so
appointed, or if an appointed inspector fails to appear or fails or refuses to
act at a meeting, the Chairman of any meeting of stockholders may, and on the
request of any stockholder or his proxy shall, appoint an inspector or
inspectors of election at the meeting. The duties of such inspector(s) shall
include: determining the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of
each; the shares represented at the meeting; the existence of a quorum; the
authenticity, validity and effect of proxies; receiving votes, ballots or
consents; hearing and determining all challenges and questions in any way
arising in connection with the right to vote; counting and tabulating all votes
or consents; determining the result; and such acts as may be proper to conduct
the election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. In the event of any
dispute between or among the inspectors, the determination of the majority of
the inspectors shall be binding.
SECTION 12. ORGANIZATION. At each meeting of stockholders the
Chairman of the Board of Directors, if one shall have been elected, (or in his
absence or if one shall not have been elected, the President) shall act as
Chairman of the meeting. The Secretary (or in his absence or inability to act,
the person whom the Chairman of the meeting shall appoint secretary of the
meeting) shall act as secretary of the meeting and keep the minutes thereof.
SECTION 13. ORDER OF BUSINESS. The order and manner of
transacting business at all meetings of stockholders shall be determined by the
Chairman of the meeting.
3
<PAGE> 7
ARTICLE III
DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. POWERS. Except as otherwise required by law or
provided by the Certificate of Incorporation, the business and affairs of the
Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of
Directors.
SECTION 2. NUMBER AND ELECTION OF DIRECTORS. Subject to any
limitations in the Certificate of Incorporation, the authorized number of
directors of the Corporation shall be seven (7) until changed by an amendment
to this Bylaw adopted by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board
of Directors. Directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of
stockholders to replace directors whose terms then expire, and each director
elected shall hold office until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or
until his earlier death, resignation or removal. Any director may resign at
any time effective upon giving written notice to the Board of Directors, unless
the notice specifies a later time for such resignation to become effective.
Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall
not be necessary to make it effective. If the resignation of a director is
effective at a future time, the Board of Directors may elect a successor prior
to such effective time to take office when such resignation becomes effective.
Directors need not be stockholders.
SECTION 3. VACANCIES. Subject to the limitations in the
Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting
from death, resignation, removal or otherwise and newly created directorships
resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled
by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or
by a sole remaining director. Each director so selected shall hold office for
the remainder of the full term of office of the former director which such
director replaces and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or
until his earlier death, resignation or removal. No decrease in the authorized
number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term
of any incumbent directors.
SECTION 4. TIME AND PLACE OF MEETINGS. The Board of Director
shall hold its meetings at such place, either within or without the State of
Delaware, and at such time as may be determined from time to time by the Board
of Directors.
SECTION 5. ANNUAL MEETING. The Board of Directors shall meet
for the purpose of organization, the election of officers and the transaction
of other business, as soon as practicable after each annual meeting of
stockholders, on the same day and at the same place where such annual meeting
shall be held. Notice of such meeting need not be given. In the event such
annual meeting is not so held, the annual meeting of the Board of Directors may
be held at such place, either within or without the State of Delaware, on such
date and at such time as shall be specified in a notice thereof given as
hereinafter provided in Section 7 of this Article III or in a waiver of notice
thereof.
SECTION 6. REGULAR MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors may be held at such places within or without the State of Delaware at
such date and time as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine
and, if so determined by the Board of Directors, notices thereof need not be
given.
SECTION 7. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Board of
Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board, the President, the
Secretary or by any director. Notice of the date,
4
<PAGE> 8
time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally or by
telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail or telegram, charges
prepaid, addressed to each director at the director's address as it is shown on
the records of the Corporation. In case the notice is mailed, it shall be
deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of
the holding of the meeting. In case the notice is delivered personally or by
telephone or telegram, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or to
the telegraph company at least forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the
holding of the meeting. The notice need not specify the purpose of the
meeting. A written waiver of any such notice signed by the person entitled
thereto, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends the meeting
for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the
transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or
convened.
SECTION 8. QUORUM; VOTE REQUIRED FOR ACTION; ADJOURNMENT.
Except as otherwise required by law, or provided in the Certificate of
Incorporation or these Bylaws, a majority of the directors shall constitute a
quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the Board of
Directors and the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the directors
present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board
of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting, from time to
time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum
shall be present. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may
continue to transact business, notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if
any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum to
conduct that meeting. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place
(whether or not a quorum is present), notice need not be given of the adjourned
meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the
adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors may
transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.
SECTION 9. ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT. Unless otherwise
restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or
permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any
committee thereof may be taken without a meeting if all the members of the
Board of Directors or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in
writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings
of the Board of Directors or committee.
SECTION 10. TELEPHONE MEETINGS. Unless otherwise restricted by
the Certificate of Incorporation, members of the Board of Directors of the
Corporation, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may
participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the
case may be, by conference telephone or similar communications equipment by
means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other.
Participation in a meeting pursuant to this Section 10 shall constitute
presence in person at such meeting.
SECTION 11. COMMITTEES. The Board of Directors may, by
resolution passed unanimously by the entire Board, designate one or more
committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the
Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as
alternate members of any such committee, who may replace any absent or
disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the event of absence
or disqualification of a member of a committee, and in the absence of a
designation by the Board of Directors of an alternate member to replace the
absent or disqualified member, the committee member or members present at any
meeting
5
<PAGE> 9
and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a
quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act
at the meeting in the place of the absent or disqualified member. Any
committee, to the extent allowed by law and as provided in the resolution
establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the power and
authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the Corporation, but no such committee shall have the power or
authority in reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation, adopting
an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the
sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation's
property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the
Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending the Bylaws of the
Corporation; and, unless the resolution or the Certificate of Incorporation
expressly so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to
declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. Each committee shall
keep regular minutes of its meetings and report to the Board of Directors when
required.
SECTION 12. COMPENSATION. The directors may be paid such
compensation for their services as the Board of Directors shall from time to
time determine.
SECTION 13. INTERESTED DIRECTORS. No contract or transaction
between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or
between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or
other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are
directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable
solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at
or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or the committee
thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his of
their votes are counted for such purpose if: (i) the material facts as to his
or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are
disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the
Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or
transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested
directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or
(ii) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to
the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders
entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically
approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or
transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized,
approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof, or the
stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the
presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee
which authorizes the contract or transaction.
SECTION 14. REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS. Any director or the entire
Board of Directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a
majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors;
provided, however, that if the Corporation has cumulative voting and less than
the entire Board of Directors is to be removed, no director may be removed
without cause if the votes cast against such director's removal would be
sufficient to elect such director if then cumulatively voted at an election of
the entire Board of Directors, or, if there be classes of directors, at an
election of the class of directors of which such director is a part. Whenever
the holders of any class or series are entitled to elect one or more directors
by the Certificate of Incorporation, this section shall apply, in respect to
the removal without cause of a director or directors so elected, to the vote of
the holders of the outstanding shares of that class or series and not to the
vote of the outstanding shares as a whole.
6
<PAGE> 10
ARTICLE IV
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. OFFICERS. The officers of the Corporation shall be a
President, a Secretary and a Chief Financial Officer. The Corporation may also
have, at the discretion of the Board of Directors, a Chairman of the Board, a
Vice Chairman of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, one or more Vice
Presidents, one or more Assistant Financial Officers and Treasurers, one or
more Assistant Secretaries and such other officers as may be appointed in
accordance with the provisions of Section 3 of this Article IV.
SECTION 2. APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS. The officers of the
Corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the
provisions of Section 3 or Section 5 of this Article IV, shall be appointed by
the Board of Directors, and each shall serve at the pleasure of the Board,
subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment.
SECTION 3. SUBORDINATE OFFICERS. The Board of Directors may
appoint, and may empower the Chief Executive Officer or President to appoint,
such other officers as the business of the Corporation may require, each of
whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such
duties as are provided in the Bylaws or as the Board of Directors may from time
to time determine.
SECTION 4. REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS. Subject to the
rights of an officer under any contract, any officer may be removed at any
time, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors or, except in case of an
officer chosen by the Board of Directors, by any officer upon whom such power
of removal may be conferred by the Board of Directors.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the
Corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of
that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless
otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not
be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation shall be without prejudice
to the rights of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a
party.
SECTION 5. VACANCIES IN OFFICES. A vacancy in any office
because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or any other cause
shall be filled in the manner prescribed in these Bylaws for regular
appointments to that office.
SECTION 6. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Chairman of the Board, if
such an officer is elected, shall, if present, preside at meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors. He shall, in addition, perform
such other functions (if any) as may be prescribed by the Bylaws or the Board
of Directors.
SECTION 7. VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Vice Chairman of the
Board, if such an officer is elected, shall, in the absence or disability of
the Chairman of the Board, perform all duties of the Chairman of the Board and
when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all of the
restrictions upon the Chairman of the Board. The Vice Chairman of the Board
shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of
Directors or the Bylaws.
7
<PAGE> 11
SECTION 8. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. The Chief Executive Officer
of the Corporation shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors,
have general supervision, direction and control of the business and the
officers of the Corporation. He shall exercise the duties usually vested in
the chief executive officer of a corporation and perform such other powers and
duties as may be assigned to him from time to time by the Board of Directors or
prescribed by the Bylaws. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board and any
Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer shall preside at all
meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 9. PRESIDENT. The President of the Corporation shall,
subject to the control of the Board of Directors and the Chief Executive
Officer of the Corporation, if there be such an officer, have general powers
and duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a
corporation and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by
the Board of Directors or the Bylaws or the Chief Executive Officer of the
Corporation. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, Vice Chairman of the
Board and Chief Executive Officer, the President shall preside at all meetings
of the Board of Directors and stockholders.
SECTION 10. VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence or disability of the
President, the Vice Presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the
Board of Directors or, if not ranked, a Vice President designated by the Board
of Directors, shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting
shall have all the powers of, and subject to all the restrictions upon, the
President. The Vice Presidents shall have such other powers and perform such
other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by
the Board of Directors or the Bylaws, and the President, or the Chairman of the
Board.
SECTION 11. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall keep or cause to be
kept, at the principal executive office or such other place as the Board of
Directors may direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of
Directors, committees of Directors, and stockholders, with the time and place
of holding, whether regular or special, and, if special, how authorized, the
notice given, the names of those present at Directors' meetings or committee
meetings, the number of shares present or represented at stockholders'
meetings, and a summary of the proceedings.
The Secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal
executive office or at the office of the Corporation's transfer agent or
registrar, as determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, a share
register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of all stockholders
and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number
and date of certificates issued for the same, and the number and date of
cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.
The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings
of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors required by the Bylaws or by
law to be given, and he shall keep or cause to be kept the seal of the
Corporation if one be adopted, in safe custody, and shall have such powers and
perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or by
the Bylaws.
SECTION 12. CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. The Chief Financial Officer
shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and
correct books and records of accounts of the properties and business
transactions of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall deposit all
moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation
with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He
shall make such disbursements of
8
<PAGE> 12
the funds of the Corporation as are authorized and shall render from time to
time an account of all of his transactions as Chief Financial Officer and of
the financial condition of the Corporation. The Chief Financial Officer shall
also have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed
by the Board of Directors or the Bylaws.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
SECTION 1. FORM OF CERTIFICATES. Every holder of stock in the
Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name
of the Corporation (i) by the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of
Directors, or the President or a Vice President and (ii) by the Chief Financial
Officer or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an
Assistant Secretary of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares owned
by such stockholder in the Corporation.
SECTION 2. SIGNATURES. Any or all of the signatures on the
certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or
registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a
certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the
same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date
of issue.
SECTION 3. LOST CERTIFICATES. The Corporation may issue a new
certificate to be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the
Corporation, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of
an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost,
stolen or destroyed. The Corporation may, in the discretion of the Board of
Directors and as a condition precedent to the issuance of such new certificate,
require the owner of such lost, stolen, or destroyed certificate, or his legal
representative, to give the Corporation a bond (or other security) sufficient
to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against the Corporation
(including any expense or liability) on account of the alleged loss, theft or
destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.
SECTION 4. TRANSFERS. Stock of the Corporation shall be
transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these Bylaws or in any
agreement with the stockholder making the transfer. Transfers of stock shall
be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the
certificate or by his attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the
surrender of the certificate therefor, which shall be cancelled before a new
certificate shall be issued.
SECTION 5. RECORD HOLDERS. The Corporation shall be entitled to
recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the record
holder of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such record holder, and
to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as
the record holder of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable
or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other
person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as
otherwise required by law.
9
<PAGE> 13
ARTICLE VI
INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 1. RIGHT TO INDEMNIFICATION. Each person who was or is
made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in
any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (hereinafter a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or
she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at
the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation
or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including
service with respect to employee benefit plans (hereinafter an "indemnitee"),
whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity
as a director or officer or in any other capacity while serving as a director
or officer, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the
fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same
exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment,
only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide
broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Corporation to
provide prior to such amendment), against all expense, liability and loss
(including attorneys' fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties
and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such
indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as
to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to
the benefit of the indemnitee's heirs, executors and administrators; provided,
however, that, except as provided in Section 2 of this Article VI with respect
to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall
indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof)
initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was
authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The right to
indemnification conferred in this Section shall be a contract right and shall
include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in
defending any such proceeding in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter
an "advancement of expenses"); provided, however, that, if the Delaware General
Corporation Law requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee
in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity
in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including without
limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon
delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking, by or on behalf of such
indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be
determined that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such
expenses under this Article VI or otherwise (hereinafter an "undertaking").
SECTION 2. RIGHT OF INDEMNITEE TO BRING SUIT. If a claim under
Section 1 of this Article VI is not paid in full by the Corporation within
forty-five (45) days after a written claim has been received by the
Corporation, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the
Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole
or part in any such suit or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an
advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee
shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such
suit. In (i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to
indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to
enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and
(ii) any suit by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant
to the terms of an undertaking the Corporation shall be entitled to recover
such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met the
applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation
Law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors,
independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination
prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee
is proper in the
10
<PAGE> 14
circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct
set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination
by the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal
counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable
standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met
the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by
indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee
to enforce a right hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement
of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that
the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified or to such advancement of
expenses under this Article VI or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
SECTION 3. NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS. The rights of
indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Article VI
shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or
hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of
Incorporation, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested
directors or otherwise.
SECTION 4. INSURANCE. The Corporation may maintain insurance,
at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent
of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or
other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the
Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense,
liability or loss under the Delaware General Corporation Law.
SECTION 5. INDEMNIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS OF THE
CORPORATION. The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time
by the Board of Directors, grant rights to indemnification and to the
advancement of expenses, to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the
fullest extent of the provisions of this Article VI with respect to the
indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors or officers of the
Corporation.
SECTION 6. INDEMNIFICATION CONTRACTS. The Board of Directors is
authorized to enter into a contract with any director, officer, employee or
agent of the Corporation, or any person serving at the request of the
Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including employee
benefit plans, providing for indemnification rights equivalent to or, if the
Board of Directors so determinates, greater than, those provided for in this
Article VI.
SECTION 7. EFFECT OF AMENDMENT. Any amendment, repeal or
modification of any provision of this Article VI by the stockholders or the
directors of the Corporation shall not adversely affect any right or protection
of a director or officer of the Corporation existing at the time of such
amendment, repeal or modification.
ARTICLE VII
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. DIVIDENDS. Subject to limitations contained in the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the Certificate of
Incorporation, the Board of Directors may declare and pay dividends upon the
shares of capital stock of the Corporation, which dividends may be paid either
in cash, securities of the Corporation or other property.
11
<PAGE> 15
SECTION 2. DISBURSEMENTS. All checks or demands for money and
notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such
other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time
designate.
SECTION 3. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the Corporation
shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 4. CORPORATE SEAL. The Corporation shall have a
corporate seal in such form as shall be prescribed by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 5. RECORD DATE. In order that the Corporation may
determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of
stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to receive payment of any
dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to
exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock,
or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix,
in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor
less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty
(60) days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record
entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to
any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors
may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. Stockholders on the
record date are entitled to notice and to vote or to receive the dividend,
distribution or allotment of rights or to exercise the rights, as the case may
be, notwithstanding any transfer of any shares on the books of the Corporation
after the record date, except as otherwise provided by agreement or by
applicable law.
SECTION 6. VOTING OF STOCK OWNED BY THE CORPORATION. The
Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President and any other
officer of the Corporation authorized by the Board of Directors shall have
power, on behalf of the Corporation, to attend, vote and grant proxies to be
used at any meeting of stockholders of any corporation (except this
Corporation) in which the Corporation may hold stock.
SECTION 7. CONSTRUCTION AND DEFINITIONS. Unless the context
requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction and
definitions in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware shall
govern the construction of these Bylaws.
SECTION 8. AMENDMENTS. Subject to the General Corporation Law
of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation and these Bylaws,
the Board of Directors may by the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire
Board of Directors amend or repeal these Bylaws, or adopt other Bylaws as in
their judgment may be advisable for the regulation of the conduct of the
affairs of the Corporation. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of
Incorporation, these Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed, and new Bylaws
may be adopted, at any annual meeting of the stockholders (or at any special
meeting thereof duly called for that purpose) by a majority of the combined
voting power of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of all classes and
series of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of
directors, voting as a single class, provided that, in the notice of any such
special meeting, notice of such purpose shall be given.
12
<PAGE> 16
AMENDMENT TO BYLAWS OF KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
On September 5, 1997, Article II, Section 3 of the Bylaws of the Company
was amended to read in full as follows:
"SECTION 3. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of
stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed
by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, may be
called by the President and shall be called by the President or
Secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the Board of
Directors. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the
proposed meeting."
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 3.3
STATE OF DELAWARE
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
--------------------
I, EDWARD J. FREEL, SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, DO
HEREBY CERTIFY THE ATTACHED IS A TRUE AND CORRECT COPY OF THE CERTIFICATE OF
AMENDMENT OF "KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.", FILED IN THIS OFFICE ON THE
SIXTEENTH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, A.D. 1997, AT 9 O'CLOCK A.M.
A CERTIFIED COPY OF THIS CERTIFICATE HAS BEEN FORWARDED TO THE NEW
CASTLE COUNTY RECORDER OF DEEDS FOR RECORDING.
[DELAWARE STATE SEAL]
/s/ EDWARD J. FREEL
-----------------------------------
Edward J. Freel, Secretary of State
AUTHENTICATION: 8653932
2533064 8100
DATE: 09-17-97
971308507
<PAGE> 2
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT
OF
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.,
A DELAWARE CORPORATION
(Pursuant to Section 242 of the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware)
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC., a Delaware corporation organized and
existing under and by virtue of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the
"Company"), does hereby certify:
(1) The Board of Directors of the Company, by unanimous written
consent, duly adopted resolutions proposing and declaring advisable the
following amendment to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the
Company, directing that said amendment be submitted to the stockholders of the
Company for consideration thereof. The resolution setting forth the proposed
amendment is as follows:
RESOLVED, that Article 9 be added to the Restated Certificate
of Incorporation as follows:
"ARTICLE 9
Stockholders of the Corporation may not take action by
written consent in lieu of a meeting. Any action contemplated
by the stockholders must be taken at a duly called annual or
special meeting."
(2) That thereafter, the holders of the necessary number of shares
of capital stock of the Corporation gave their written consent in favor of the
foregoing amendment in accordance with the provisions of Section 228 of the
Delaware General Corporation Law.
(3) That said amendment was duly adopted in accordance with the
provisions of Section 242 of the Delaware General Corporation Law of the State
of Delaware.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC. has caused this
Certificate of Amendment to be signed by its duly authorized President, David
S. Silver and attested by Ronald J. Fikert, its duly authorized Secretary, this
12th day of September, 1997.
KOFAX IMAGE PRODUCTS, INC.
a Delaware corporation
By: /s/ DAVID S. SILVER
-------------------------------
David S. Silver,
Chief Executive Officer and
President
ATTEST:
/s/ RONALD J. FIKERT
- --------------------------------
Ronald J. Fikert,
Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial
Officer and Secretary
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 5.1
STRADLING YOCCA CARLSON & RAUTH
A PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION
ATTORNEYS AT LAW
660 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, SUITE 1600
NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA 92660-6441
TELEPHONE (714) 725-4000
FACSIMILE (714) 725-4100
SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE
44 MONTGOMERY STREET, SUITE 2950
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 94104
TELEPHONE (415) 765-9180
FACSIMILE (415) 765-9187
October 2, 1997
Kofax Image Products, Inc.
3 Jenner Street
Irvine, California 92618
Re: Registration Statement on Form S-1; Registration No. 333-34531
Ladies and Gentlemen:
At your request, we have examined the Registration Statement on Form
S-1, Registration No. 333-34531, filed by Kofax Image Products, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the "Company"), with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
August 28, 1997 (as amended by Amendment No. 1 thereto filed on September 18,
1997, Amendment No. 2 thereto filed on October 1, 1997, and Amendment No. 3
thereto filed on October 2, 1997, as such may be amended or supplemented, the
"Registration Statement"), in connection with the registration under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, of 2,300,000 shares of common stock, $.001
par value (the "Shares"). The Shares, which include up to 300,000 shares of
common stock issuable pursuant to an over-allotment option granted to the
underwriters, are to be sold to the underwriters as described in such
Registration Statement for the sale to the public or issued to the
representatives of the underwriters.
As your counsel in connection with this transaction, we have examined
the proceedings taken and are familiar with the proceedings proposed to be taken
by you in connection with the sale and issuance of the Shares.
Based on the foregoing, it is our opinion that, upon conclusion of the
proceedings being taken or contemplated by us, as your counsel, to be taken
prior to the issuance of the Shares and upon completion of the proceedings taken
in order to permit such transactions to be carried out in accordance with the
securities laws of various states where required, the Shares, when issued and
sold in the manner described in the Registration Statement will be legally
issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
We consent to the use of the opinion as an exhibit to the Registration
Statement and to the use of our name under the caption "Legal Matters" in the
Prospectus which is a part of the Registration Statement, including the
Prospectus constituting a part thereof and any amendment thereto.
Very truly yours,
STRADLING, YOCCA, CARLSON & RAUTH
/s/ Stradling, Yocca, Carlson & Rauth
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.2
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' CONSENT AND REPORT ON SCHEDULE
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Kofax Image Products, Inc.
Irvine, CA
We consent to the use in Amendment No. 3 to Registration Statement No. 333-34531
of Kofax Image Products, Inc. on Form S-1 of our report dated July 29, 1997
(except for Note 14 as to which the date is August 27, 1997 and paragraph 1 of
Note 12 as to which the date is October 1, 1997), appearing in the Prospectus,
which is a part of the Registration Statement, and to the references to us under
the headings "Selected Financial Data" and "Experts" in such Prospectus.
Our audits of the financial statements referred to in our aforementioned report
also included the financial statement schedule of Kofax Image Products, Inc.,
listed in Item 16(b). This financial statement schedule is the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on
our audits. In our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered
in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly
in all material respects the information set forth therein.
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Costa Mesa, California
October 2, 1997
