EVERGREEN SELECT FIXED INCOME TRUST
200 Berkeley Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02116
(800) 633-2700
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
NOVEMBER 17, 1997
EVERGREEN SELECT CORE BOND FUND
EVERGREEN SELECT INCOME PLUS FUND
EVERGREEN SELECT FIXED INCOME FUND
EVERGREEN SELECT INTERMEDIATE BOND FUND
EVERGREEN SELECT INTERMEDIATE TAX EXEMPT BOND FUND
(EACH A "FUND" TOGETHER THE "FUNDS")
Each Fund is a series of an open-end management investment company, known
as "Evergreen Select Fixed Income Trust" (the "Trust").
This statement of additional information ("SAI") provides additional
information about all classes of shares of the Funds listed above. It is not a
prospectus and you should read it in conjunction with the prospectus of the
Funds dated November 17, 1997, as supplemented from time to time. You may obtain
a copy of the prospectus from Evergreen Distributor, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INVESTMENT POLICIES........................................................3
Additional Information on Securities and Investment Practices.....3
Investment Restrictions And Guidelines.......................... 16
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST.................................................. 18
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES................................... 21
Investment Adviser.............................................. 21
Distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Distribution Plan............................................... 22
Additional Service Providers.................................... 23
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES................................. 23
Selection of Brokers............................................ 23
Brokerage Commissions........................................... 23
General Brokerage Policies...................................... 24
TRUST ORGANIZATION....................................................... 24
Form of Organization............................................ 24
Description of Shares........................................... 24
Voting Rights................................................... 24
Limitation of Trustees' Liability............................... 25
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF FUND SHARES.......................... 25
Exchanges....................................................... 25
How the Funds Value Their Shares................................ 25
Shareholder Services............................................ 26
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER.................................................... 26
CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE DATA.......................................... 27
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION................................................... 27
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS..................................................... 27
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The investment objectives of each Fund and a description of the
securities in which each Fund may invest is set forth in the Funds' prospectus.
The following expands upon the discussion in the prospectus regarding certain
investments of the Funds.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT PRACTICES
Derivatives
Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is
derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. These
assets, rates, and indices may include bonds, stocks, mortgages, commodities,
interest rates, currency exchange rates, bond indices, and stock indices.
Derivatives may be standardized, exchange-traded contracts or customized,
privately negotiated contracts. Exchange-traded derivatives tend to be more
liquid and subject to less credit risk than those that are privately negotiated.
There are four principal types of derivative instruments -- options,
futures, forwards, and swaps -- from which virtually any type of derivative
transaction can be created. Debt instruments that incorporate one or more of
these building blocks for the purpose of determining the principal amount of
and/or rate of interest payable on the debt instruments are often referred to as
"structured securities." An example of this type of structured security is
indexed commercial paper. The term is also used to describe certain securities
issued in connection with the restructuring of certain foreign obligations. The
term "derivative" is also sometimes used to describe securities involving rights
to a portion of the cash flows from an underlying pool of mortgages or other
assets from which payments are passed through to the owner of, or that
collateralize, the securities.
The Funds can use derivatives to earn income, to enhance returns, to
hedge or adjust the risk profile of the portfolio, in place of more traditional
direct investments or to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets. A
Fund's use derivatives for non-hedging purposes entails greater risks than if a
Fund were to derivatives solely for hedging purposes.
Derivatives are a valuable tool which, when used properly, can provide
significant benefit to a Fund's shareholders. The Funds' Adviser (as hereinafter
defined) is not an aggressive user of derivatives with respect to the Funds.
However, a Fund may take positions in those derivatives that are within its
investment policies if, in the Adviser's judgment, this represents an effective
response to current or anticipated market conditions. the Adviser's use of
derivatives is subject to continuous risk assessment and control from the
standpoint of a Fund's investment objective and policies. While the judicious
use of derivatives by experienced investment managers, such as the Adviser, can
be beneficial, derivatives also involve risks different from, and, in certain
cases, greater than, the risks presented by more traditional investments.
Following is a general discussion of important risk factors and issues
concerning the use of derivatives that investors should understand before
investing in a Fund.
Market Risk -- This is the general risk attendant to all investments
that the value of a particular investment will decline or otherwise change in a
way detrimental to a Fund's interest.
Management Risk -- Derivative products are highly specialized
instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from
those associated with stocks and bonds. The use of a derivative requires an
understanding not only of the underlying instrument, but also of the derivative
itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under
all possible market conditions. Because derivatives are complex, the Funds and
the Adviser must (1) maintain controls to monitor the transactions entered into,
(2) assess the risk that a derivative adds to a Fund's portfolio and (3)
forecast price, interest rate or currency exchange rate movements correctly.
Credit Risk -- This is the risk that a Fund may lose money because the
other party to a derivative (usually called a "counter party") failed to comply
with the terms of the derivative contract. The credit risk for exchange-traded
derivatives is generally less than for privately negotiated derivatives, since
the clearing house, which is the issuer or counter party to each exchange-traded
derivative, guarantees performance. This guarantee is supported by a daily
payment system (i.e., margin requirements) operated by the clearing house to
reduce overall credit risk. For privately negotiated derivatives, there is no
similar clearing agency guarantee. Therefore, a Fund considers the
creditworthiness of each counter party to a privately negotiated derivative in
evaluating potential credit risk.
Liquidity Risk -- Liquidity risk exists is the possibility that a Fund
will have difficulty buying or selling a particular instrument. If a derivative
transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid (as is
the case with many privately negotiated derivatives), a Fund may not be able to
initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an advantageous price.
Leverage Risk -- Since many derivatives have a leverage component,
adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index can
result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the
derivative itself. In the case of swaps, the risk of loss generally is related
to a notional principal amount, even if the parties have not made any initial
investment. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss,
regardless of the size of the initial investment.
Other Risks -- Other risks in using derivatives include the risk of
mispricing or improper valuation and the inability of derivatives to correlate
perfectly with underlying assets, rates, and indices. Many derivatives, in
particular privately negotiated derivatives, are complex and often valued
subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment
requirements to counter parties or a loss of value to a Fund. Derivatives do not
always perfectly or even highly correlate or track the value of the assets,
rates or indices they are designed to closely track. Consequently, a Fund's use
of derivatives may not always be an effective means of, and sometimes could be
counterproductive to, furthering a Fund's investment objective.
Options Transactions
Writing Covered Options. The Funds may write (i.e., sell) covered call
and put options. By writing a call option, a Fund becomes obligated during the
term of the option to deliver the securities underlying the option upon payment
of the exercise price. Writing a put option obligates the Fund during the term
of the option to purchase the securities underlying the option at the exercise
price if the option buyer exercises the option. A Fund also may write straddles
(combinations of covered puts and calls on the same underlying security).
The Funds may only write "covered" options. This means that while a
Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option it will own the underlying
securities subject to the option or, with call options on U.S. Treasury bills,
it might own similar U.S. Treasury bills. If a Fund has written options against
all of its securities that are available for writing options, the Fund may be
unable to write additional options unless it sells some of its portfolio
holdings to obtain new securities against which it can write options. If this
were to occur, higher portfolio turnover and correspondingly greater brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs may result. The Funds do not expect,
however, that this will occur. A Fund will be considered "covered" with respect
to a put option it writes if, while it is obligated as the writer of the put
option, it deposits and maintains with its custodian in a segregated account
liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than the exercise price of the
option.
The principal reason for writing call or put options is to obtain,
through a receipt of premiums, a greater current return than would be realized
on the underlying securities alone. A Fund receives a premium from writing a
call or put option, which it retains whether or not the option is exercised. By
writing a call option, a Fund might lose the potential for gain on the
underlying security while the option is open, and, by writing a put option, a
Fund might become obligated to purchase the underlying security for more than
its current market price upon exercise.
Purchasing Options. The Funds may purchase put or call options,
including put or call options for offsetting previously written put or call
options of the same series. Once a Fund has written a covered option, it will
continue to hold the segregated securities or assets until it effects a closing
purchase transaction. If the Fund is unable to close the option position, it
must hold the segregated securities or assets until the option expires or is
exercised. An option position may be closed out only in a secondary market for
an option of the same series. Although a Fund generally writes only those
options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option at
any particular time, and, for some options, no secondary market may exist. In
such event, effecting a closing transaction for a particular option might not be
possible.
Options on some securities are relatively new, and predicting how much
trading interest there will be for such options is impossible. There can be no
assurance that viable markets will develop or continue. The failure of such
markets to develop or continue could significantly impair a Fund's ability to
use such options to achieve its investment objective.
Options Trading Markets. The Funds trade in options that are generally
listed on national securities exchanges, currently including the Chicago Board
Options Exchange and the New York, American, Pacific and Philadelphia Stock
Exchanges. Options on some securities are traded in the over-the-counter market,
and may not be listed on any exchange. Options traded in the over-the-counter
market involve a greater risk that the securities dealers participating in the
transactions could fail to meet their obligations to a Fund. Certain state
authorities may limit the use of options traded in the over-the-counter market.
A Fund will include the premiums it has paid for the purchase of
unlisted options and the value of securities used to cover options it has
written for purposes of calculating whether the Fund has complied with its
policies on illiquid securities.
Futures Transactions and Related Options Transactions
The Funds intend to enter into financial futures contracts as a hedge
against changes in prevailing levels of interest rates to seek relative
stability of principal and to establish more definitely the effective return on
securities held or intended to be acquired by the Fund or as a hedge against
changes in the prices of securities held by a Fund or to be acquired by a Fund.
A Fund's hedging may include sales of futures as an offset against the effect of
expected increases in interest rates or securities prices and purchases of
futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in interest rates.
For example, when a Fund anticipates a significant market or market
sector advance, it will purchase a stock index futures contract as a hedge
against not participating in such advance at a time when a Fund is not fully
invested. The purchase of a futures contract serves as a temporary substitute
for the purchase of individual securities which may then be purchased in an
orderly fashion. As such purchases are made, an equivalent amount of index based
futures contracts would be terminated by offsetting sales. In contrast, a Fund
would sell stock index futures contracts in anticipation of or in a general
market or market sector decline that may adversely affect the market value of
the Fund's portfolio. To the extent that the Fund's portfolio changes in value
in correlation with a given index, the sale of futures contracts on that index
would substantially reduce the risk to the portfolio of a market decline or
change in interest rates, and, by doing so, provide an alternative to the
liquidation of the Fund's securities positions and the resulting transaction
costs.
The Funds intend to engage in options transactions which are related to
financial futures contracts for hedging purposes and in connection with the
hedging strategies described above.
Although techniques other than sales and purchases of futures contracts
and related options transactions could be used to reduce the Funds' exposure to
interest rate and/or market fluctuations, the Funds may be able to hedge their
exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost through using futures
contracts and related options transactions. While the Funds do not intend to
take delivery of the instruments underlying futures contracts they hold, the
Funds do not intend to engage in such futures contracts for speculation.
Futures Contracts. Futures contracts are transactions in the
commodities markets rather than in the securities markets. A futures contract
creates an obligation by the seller to deliver to the buyer the commodity
specified in the contract at a specified future time for a specified price. The
futures contract creates an obligation by the buyer to accept delivery from the
seller of the commodity specified at the specified future time for the specified
price. In contrast, a spot transaction creates an immediate obligation for the
seller to deliver and the buyer to accept delivery of and pay for an identified
commodity. In general, futures contracts involve transactions in fungible goods
such as wheat, coffee and soybeans. However, in the last decade an increasing
number of futures contracts have been developed which specify financial
instruments or financially based indexes as the underlying commodity.
U.S. futures contracts are traded only on national futures exchanges
and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument.
The principal financial futures exchanges in the United States are The Board of
Trade of the City of Chicago, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the International
Monetary Market (a division of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange), the New York
Futures Exchange and the Kansas City Board of Trade. Each exchange guarantees
performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a
nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership, which is also
responsible for handling daily accounting of deposits or withdrawals of margin.
A futures commission merchant ("Broker") effects each transaction in connection
with futures contracts for a commission. Futures exchanges and trading are
regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act by the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC") and National Futures Association ("NFA").
Interest Rate Futures Contracts. The sale of an interest rate futures
contract creates an obligation by a Fund, as seller, to deliver the type of
financial instrument specified in the contract at a specified future time for a
specified price. The purchase of an interest rate futures contract creates an
obligation by a Fund, as purchaser, to accept delivery of the type of financial
instrument specified at a specified future time for a specified price. The
specific securities delivered or accepted, respectively, at settlement date, are
not determined until at or near that date. The determination is in accordance
with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase
was made.
Currently, interest rate futures contracts can be purchased or sold on
90-day U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury notes with
maturities between 6 1/2 and 10 years, Government National Mortgage Association
(GNMA) certificates, 90-day domestic bank certificates of deposit, 90-day
commercial paper, and 90-day Eurodollar certificates of deposit. It is expected
that futures contracts trading in additional financial instruments will be
authorized. The standard contract size is $100,000 for futures contracts in U.S.
Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury notes and GNMA certificates, and $1,000,000 for
the other designated contracts. While U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury bills
and U.S. Treasury notes are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government and GNMA certificates are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency, the
futures contracts in U.S. government securities are not obligations of the U.S.
Treasury.
Index Based Futures Contracts, Other Than Stock Index Based. It is
expected that bond index and other financially based index futures contracts
will be developed in the future. It is anticipated that such index based futures
contracts will be structured in the same way as stock index futures contracts
but will be measured by changes in interest rates, related indexes or other
measures, such as the consumer price index. In the event that such futures
contracts are developed, the Funds will sell interest rate index and other index
based futures contracts to hedge against changes which are expected to affect
the Funds' portfolios.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or
sale of a security, in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, to
initiate trading an amount of cash, cash equivalents, money market instruments,
or U.S. Treasury bills equal to approximately 1 1/2% (up to 5%) of the contract
amount must be deposited by a Fund with the Broker. This amount is known as
initial margin. The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is
different from that of margin in security transactions. Futures contract margin
does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the
transactions. Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond
or good faith deposit on the contract which is returned to a Fund upon
termination of the futures contract assuming all contractual obligations have
been satisfied. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by
the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be significantly modified
from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract.
Subsequent payments, called variation margin, to the Broker and from
the Broker, are made on a daily basis as the value of the underlying instrument
or index fluctuates making the long and short positions in the futures contract
more or less valuable, a process known as mark-to-market. For example, when a
Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the underlying financial
instrument or index has risen, that position will have increased in value, and
the Fund will receive from the Broker a variation margin payment equal to that
increase in value. Conversely, where a Fund has purchased a futures contract and
the price of the underlying financial instrument or index has declined, the
position would be less valuable and the Fund would be required to make a
variation margin payment to the Broker. At any time prior to expiration of the
futures contract, a Fund may elect to close the position. A final determination
of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or
released by the Broker, and the Fund realizes a loss or gain.
Each Trust intends to enter into arrangements with its custodian and
with Brokers to enable the initial margin of a Fund and any variation margin to
be held in a segregated account by its custodian on behalf of the Broker.
Although interest rate futures contracts by their terms call for actual
delivery or acceptance of financial instruments, and index based futures
contracts call for the delivery of cash equal to the difference between the
closing value of the index on the expiration date of the contract and the price
at which the futures contract is originally made, in most cases such futures
contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking
of delivery. Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by an offsetting
transaction in which a Fund enters into a futures contract purchase for the same
aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument or index and same
delivery date. If the price in the sale exceeds the price in the offsetting
purchase, the Fund is paid the difference and thus realizes a gain. If the
offsetting purchase price exceeds the sale price, the Fund pays the difference
and realizes a loss. Similarly, the closing out of a futures contract purchase
is effected by an offsetting transaction in which a Fund enters into a futures
contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the Fund
realizes a gain. If the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price the
Fund realizes a loss. The amount of the Fund's gain or loss on any transaction
is reduced or increased, respectively, by the amount of any transaction costs
incurred by the Fund.
As an example of an offsetting transaction, the contractual obligations
arising from the sale of one contract of September U.S. Treasury bills on an
exchange may be fulfilled at any time before delivery of the contract is
required (i.e. on a specified date in September, the "delivery month") by the
purchase of one contract of September U.S. Treasury bills on the same exchange.
In such instance the difference between the price at which the futures contract
was sold and the price paid for the offsetting purchase, after allowance for
transaction costs, represents the profit or loss to a Fund.
There can be no assurance, however, that a Fund will be able to enter
into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular contract at a
particular time. If a Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction,
the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the
contract and to complete the contract according to its terms.
Options on Financial Futures. The Funds intend to purchase call and put
options on financial futures contracts and sell such options to terminate an
existing position. Options on futures are similar to options on stocks except
that an option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return
for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long
position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put)
rather than to purchase or sell stock at a specified exercise price at any time
during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of
the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option
will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's
futures margin account. This amount represents the amount by which the market
price of the futures contract at exercise exceeds, in the case of a call, or is
less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option on the futures
contract. If an option is exercised the last trading day prior to the expiration
date of the option, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the
difference between the exercise price of the option and value of the futures
contract.
The Funds intend to use options on financial futures contracts in
connection with hedging strategies. In the future the Funds may use such options
for other purposes.
Purchase of Put Options on Futures Contracts. The purchase of
protective put options on financial futures contracts is analogous to the
purchase of protective puts on individual stocks, where an absolute level of
protection is sought below which no additional economic loss would be incurred
by a Fund. Put options may be purchased to hedge a portfolio of stocks or debt
instruments or a position in the futures contract upon which the put option is
based.
Purchase of Call Options on Futures Contracts. The purchase of call
options on financial futures contracts represents a means of obtaining temporary
exposure to market appreciation at limited risk. It is analogous to the purchase
of a call option on an individual stock, which can be used as a substitute for a
position in the stock itself. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to
either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the price of the
underlying financial instrument or index itself, purchase of a call option may
be less risky than the ownership of the interest rate or index based futures
contract or the underlying securities. Call options on commodity futures
contracts may be purchased to hedge against an interest rate increase or a
market advance when a Fund is not fully invested.
Use of New Investment Techniques Involving Financial Futures Contracts
or Related Options. The Funds may employ new investment techniques involving
financial futures contracts and related options. The Funds intend to take
advantage of new techniques in these areas which may be developed from time to
time and which are consistent with the Fund's investment objective. Each Trust
believes that no additional techniques have been identified for employment by
the Funds in the foreseeable future other than those described above.
Limitations on Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts and Related
Options on Such Futures Contracts. A Fund will not enter into a futures contract
if, as a result thereof, more than 5% of the Fund's total assets (taken at
market value at the time of entering into the contract) would be committed to
margin deposits on such futures contracts, including any premiums paid for
options on futures.
The Funds intend that its futures contracts and related options
transactions will be entered into for traditional hedging purposes. That is,
futures contracts will be sold to protect against a decline in the price of
securities that a Fund owns, or futures contracts will be purchased to protect a
Fund against an increase in the price of securities it intends to purchase. The
Funds do not intend to enter into futures contracts for speculation.
In instances involving the purchase of futures contracts by a Fund, an
amount of cash and cash equivalents, equal to the market value of the futures
contracts will be deposited in a segregated account with each Trust's custodian
and/or in a margin account with a Broker to collateralize the position and
thereby insure that the use of such futures is unleveraged.
Risks of Futures Contracts. Financial futures contracts prices are
volatile and are influenced, among other things, by changes in stock prices,
market conditions, prevailing interest rates and anticipation of future stock
prices, market movements or interest rate changes, all of which in turn are
affected by economic conditions, such as government fiscal and monetary policies
and actions, and national and international political and economic events.
At best, the correlation between changes in prices of futures contracts
and of the securities being hedged can be only approximate. The degree of
imperfection of correlation depends upon circumstances, such as variations in
speculative market demand for futures contracts and for securities, including
technical influences in futures contracts trading; differences between the
securities being hedged and the financial instruments and indexes underlying the
standard futures contracts available for trading, in such respects as interest
rate levels, maturities and creditworthiness of issuers, or identities of
securities comprising the index and those in a Fund's portfolio. In addition,
futures contract transactions involve the remote risk that a party be unable to
fulfill its obligations and that the amount of the obligation will be beyond the
ability of the clearing broker to satisfy. A decision of whether, when and how
to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well conceived
hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or
unexpected interest rate trends.
Because of the low margin deposits required, futures trading involves
an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price
movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, as
well as gain, to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of
the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a 10% decrease in the
value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin
deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were
then closed out, and a 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the
original margin deposit. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may
result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract.
However, a Fund would presumably have sustained comparable losses if, instead of
entering into the futures contract, it had invested in the underlying financial
instrument. Furthermore, in order to be certain that a Fund has sufficient
assets to satisfy its obligations under a futures contract, the Fund will
establish a segregated account in connection with its futures contracts which
will hold cash or cash equivalents equal in value to the current value of the
underlying instruments or indices less the margins on deposit.
Most U.S. futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted
in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit
establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary
either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a
trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of
contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The
daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and
therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the
liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally
moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no
trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and
subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Risks of Options on Futures Contracts. In addition to the risks
described above for financial futures contracts, there are several special risks
relating to options on futures contracts. The ability to establish and close out
positions on such options will be subject to the development and maintenance of
a liquid secondary market. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market
will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. A Fund will
not purchase options on any futures contract unless and until it believes that
the market for such options has developed sufficiently that the risks in
connection with such options are not greater than the risks in connection with
the futures contracts. Compared to the use of futures contracts, the purchase of
options on such futures involves less potential risk to a Fund because the
maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction
costs). However, there may be circumstances when the use of an option on a
futures contract would result in a loss to a Fund, even though the use of a
futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the level of
the futures contract.
Loans of Securities
To generate income and offset expenses, the Funds may lend portfolio
securities to broker-dealers and other financial institutions. Loans of
securities by a Fund may not exceed 30% of the value of the Fund's total assets.
While securities are on loan, the borrower will pay the Fund any income accruing
on the security. The Fund may invest any collateral it receives in additional
portfolio securities, such as U.S. Treasury notes, certificates of deposit,
other high-grade, short-term obligations or interest bearing cash equivalents.
Gains or losses in the market value of a security lent will affect the Fund and
its shareholders.
When a Fund lends its securities, it will require the borrower to give
the Fund collateral in cash or government securities. The Fund will require
collateral in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of
the securities lent, including accrued interest. The Funds have the right to
call a loan and obtain the securities lent any time on notice of not more than
five business days. The Funds may pay reasonable fees in connection with such
loans.
Although voting rights attendant to securities lent pass to the
borrower, the Funds may call such loans at any time and may vote the securities
if it believes a material event affecting the investment is to occur. The Funds
may experience a delay in receiving additional collateral or in recovering the
securities lent or may even suffer a loss of rights in the collateral should the
borrower of the securities fail financially. The Funds may only make loans to
borrowers deemed to be of good standing, under standards approved by the Board
of Trustees, when the income to be earned from the loan justifies the attendant
risks.
Master Demand Notes
Master demand notes are unsecured obligations that permit the
investment of fluctuating amounts by the Funds at varying rates of interest
pursuant to direct arrangements between a Fund, as lender, and the issuer, as
borrower. Master demand notes may permit daily fluctuations in the interest rate
and daily changes in the amounts borrowed. A Fund has the right to increase the
amount under the note at any time up to the full amount provided by the note
agreement, or to decrease the amount. The borrower may repay up to the full
amount of the note without penalty. Notes purchased by a Fund permit the Fund to
demand payment of principal and accrued interest at any time (on not more than
seven days' notice). Notes acquired by a Fund may have maturities of more than
one year, provided that (1) the Fund is entitled to payment of principal and
accrued interest upon not more than seven days' notice, and (2) the rate of
interest on such notes is adjusted automatically at periodic intervals, which
normally will not exceed 31 days, but may extend up to one year. The notes are
deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period remaining to the
next interest rate adjustment or the demand notice period. Because these types
of notes are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, such
instruments are not normally traded and there is no secondary market for these
notes, although they are redeemable and thus repayable by the borrower at face
value plus accrued interest at any time. Accordingly, a Fund's right to redeem
is dependent on the ability of the borrower to pay principal and interest on
demand. In connection with master demand note arrangements, a Fund's Adviser
considers, under standards established by the Board of Trustees, earning power,
cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the borrower and will monitor the
ability of the borrower to pay principal and interest on demand. These notes are
not typically rated by credit rating agencies. Unless rated, a Fund may invest
in them only if at the time of an investment the issuer meets the criteria
established for commercial paper discussed in this statement of additional
information (which limits such investments to commercial paper rated A-1 by S&P,
Prime-1 by Moody's or F-1 by Fitch Investors Service, L.P.).
Obligations of Foreign Branches of United States Banks
The obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks may be general
obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be
limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by government regulation.
Payment of interest and principal upon these obligations may also be affected by
governmental action in the country of domicile of the branch (generally referred
to as sovereign risk). In addition, evidences of ownership of such securities
may be held outside the U.S. and the Funds may be subject to the risks
associated with the holding of such property overseas. Examples of governmental
actions would be the imposition of currency controls, interest limitations,
withholding taxes, seizure of assets or the declaration of a moratorium. Various
provisions of federal law governing domestic branches do not apply to foreign
branches of domestic banks.
Obligations of United States Branches of Foreign Banks
Obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks may be general
obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be
limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by federal and state
regulation as well as by governmental action in the country in which the foreign
bank has its head office. In addition, there may be less publicly available
information about a U.S. branch of a foreign bank than about a domestic bank.
Payment-in-kind Securities
Payment-in-kind ("PIK") securities pay interest in either cash or
additional securities, at the issuer's option, for a specified period. The
issuer's option to pay in additional securities typically ranges from one to six
years, compared to an average maturity for all PIK securities of eleven years.
Call protection and sinking fund features are comparable to those offered on
traditional debt issues.
PIKs, like zero coupon bonds, are designed to give an issuer
flexibility in managing cash flow. Several PIKs are senior debt. In other cases,
where PIKs are subordinated, most senior lenders view them as equity
equivalents.
An advantage of PIKs for the issuer -- as with zero coupon securities
- -- is that interest payments are automatically compounded (reinvested) at the
stated coupon rate, which is not the case with cash-paying securities. However,
PIKs are gaining popularity over zeros since interest payments in additional
securities can be monetized and are more tangible than accretion of a discount.
As a group, PIK bonds trade flat (i.e., without accrued interest).
Their price is expected to reflect an amount representing accredit interest
since the last payment. PIKs generally trade at higher yields than comparable
cash-paying securities of the same issuer. Their premium yield is the result of
the lesser desirability of non-cash interest, the more limited audience for
non-cash paying securities, and the fact that many PIKs have been issued to
equity investors who do not normally own or hold such securities.
Calculating the true yield on a PIK security requires a discounted cash
flow analysis if the security (ex interest) is trading at a premium or a
discount because the realizable value of additional payments is equal to the
current market value of the underlying security, not par.
Regardless of whether PIK securities are senior or deeply subordinated,
issuers are highly motivated to retire them because they are usually their most
costly form of capital.
Repurchase Agreements
The Funds may enter into repurchase agreements with entities that are
registered U.S. government securities dealers, including member banks of the
Federal Reserve System having at least $1 billion in assets, primary dealers in
U.S. government securities or other financial institutions believed a Fund's
Adviser to be creditworthy. A repurchase agreement is an agreement by which a
person (e.g., a Fund) obtains a security and simultaneously commits to return
the security to the seller (a member bank of the Federal Reserve System or
recognized securities dealer) at an agreed upon price (including principal and
interest) on an agreed upon date within a number of days (usually not more than
seven) from the date of purchase. The resale price reflects the purchase price
plus an agreed upon market rate of interest which is unrelated to the coupon
rate or maturity of the underlying security. A repurchase agreement involves the
obligation of the seller to pay the agreed upon price, which obligation is in
effect secured by the value of the underlying security.
A Fund or its custodian will take possession of the securities subject
to repurchase agreements, and these securities will be marked to market daily.
To the extent that the original seller does not repurchase the securities from
the Fund, the Fund could receive less than the repurchase price on any sale of
such securities. In the event that such a defaulting seller filed for bankruptcy
or became insolvent, disposition of such securities by a Fund might be delayed
pending court action. The Funds believe that under the regular procedures
normally in effect for custody of a Fund's portfolio securities subject to
repurchase agreements, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule in favor of
the Fund and allow retention or disposition of such securities. The Fund will
only enter into repurchase agreements with banks and other recognized financial
institutions, such as broker-dealers, which are deemed by the Adviser to be
creditworthy pursuant to guidelines established by the Trustees.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
Pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 ("Rule 144A"),
the Board of Trustees of the Trust determines the liquidity of certain
restricted securities. Rule 144A is a non-exclusive, safe-harbor for certain
secondary market transactions involving securities subject to restrictions on
resale under federal securities laws. Rule 144A provides an exemption from
registration for resales of otherwise restricted securities to qualified
institutional buyers. Rule 144A was expected to further enhance the liquidity of
the secondary market for securities eligible for sale under Rule 144A. In
determining the liquidity of certain restricted securities the Trustees
consider: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the
number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of
other potential buyers; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market in the
security; and (iv) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace
trades.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund would sell securities
and agree to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price. Reverse
repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities
the Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price.
U.S. Government Obligations
The types of U.S. government obligations in which the Funds may invest
generally include obligations that the U.S. government agencies or
instrumentalities issued or guaranteed.
These securities are backed by:
(1) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase
certain obligations of agencies or instrumentalities; or
(2) the credit of the agency or instrumentality issuing the
obligations. Examples of agencies and instrumentalities that may not always
receive financial support from the U.S. government are:
(i) Farm Credit System, including the National Bank for
Cooperatives, Farm Credit Banks and Banks for Cooperatives;
(ii) Farmers Home Administration;
(iii) Federal Home Loan Banks;
(iv) Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation;
(v) Federal National Mortgage Association;
(vi) Government National Mortgage Association; and
(vii) Student Loan Marketing Association
GNMA Securities
The Funds may invest in securities issued by the Government National
Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation, which
guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest, but not premiums paid
to purchase these instruments. The market value and interest yield of these
instruments can vary due to market interest rate fluctuations and early
prepayments of underlying mortgages. These securities represent ownership in a
pool of federally insured mortgage loans. GNMA certificates consist of
underlying mortgages with a maximum maturity of 30 years. However, due to
scheduled and unscheduled principal payments, GNMA certificates have a shorter
average maturity and, therefore, less principal volatility than a comparable
30-year bond. Since prepayment rates vary widely, it is not possible to
accurately predict the average maturity of a particular GNMA pool. The scheduled
monthly interest and principal payments relating to mortgages in the pool will
be "passed through" to investors. GNMA securities differ from conventional bonds
in that principal is paid back to the certificate holders over the life of the
loan rather than at maturity. As a result, there will be monthly scheduled
payments of principal and interest. In addition, there may be unscheduled
principal payments representing prepayments on the underlying mortgages.
Although GNMA certificates may offer yields higher than those available
from other types of U.S. Government securities, GNMA certificates may be less
effective than other types of securities as a means of "locking in" attractive
long-term rates because of the prepayment feature. For instance, when interest
rates decline, the value of a GNMA certificate likely will not rise as much as
comparable debt securities due to the prepayment feature. In addition, these
prepayments can cause the price of a GNMA certificate originally purchased at a
premium to decline in price compared to its par value, which may result in a
loss.
Mortgage-Backed or Asset-Backed Securities
The Funds may invest in mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed
securities. Two principal types of mortgage-backed securities are collateralized
mortgage obligations ("CMOs") and real estate mortgage investment conduits
("REMICs"). CMOs are securities collateralized by mortgages, mortgage
pass-throughs, mortgage pay-through bonds (bonds representing an interest in a
pool of mortgages where the cash flow generated from the mortgage collateral
pool is dedicated to bond repayment), and mortgage-backed bonds (general
obligations of the issuers payable out of the issuers' general funds and
additionally secured by a first lien on a pool of single family detached
properties). Many CMOs are issued with a number of classes or series which have
different maturities and are retired in sequence.
Investors purchasing CMOs in the shortest maturities receive or are
credited with their pro rata portion of the scheduled payments of interest and
principal on the underlying mortgages plus all unscheduled prepayments of
principal up to a predetermined portion of the total CMO obligation. Until that
portion of such CMO obligation is repaid, investors in the longer maturities
receive interest only. Accordingly, the CMOs in the longer maturity series are
less likely than other mortgage pass-throughs to be prepaid prior to their
stated maturity. Although some of the mortgages underlying CMOs may be supported
by various types of insurance, and some CMOs may be backed by GNMA certificates
or other mortgage pass-throughs issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies
or instrumentalities, the CMOs themselves are not generally guaranteed.
REMICs, which were authorized under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, are
private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages
secured by an interest in real property. REMICs are similar to CMOs in that they
issue multiple classes of securities.
In addition to mortgage-backed securities, the Funds may invest in
securities secured by other assets including company receivables, truck and auto
loans, leases, and credit card receivables. These issues may be traded
over-the-counter and typically have a short-intermediate maturity structure
depending on the pay down characteristics of the underlying financial assets
which are passed through to the security holder.
Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors are
entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit
laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed
on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers of
asset-backed securities backed by automobile receivables permit the servicers of
such receivables to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the
servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that
the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the
rated asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of
vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state
laws, the trustee for the holders of asset-backed securities backed by
automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in all of the
obligations backing such receivables. Therefore, there is the possibility that
recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to
support payments on these securities.
In general, issues of asset-backed securities are structured to include
additional collateral and/or additional credit support to protect against the
risk that a portion of the collateral supporting the asset-backed securities may
default and/or may suffer from these defects. In evaluating the strength of
particular issues of asset-backed securities, the Adviser considers the
financial strength of the guarantor or other provider of credit support, the
type and extent of credit enhancement provided as well as the documentation and
structure of the issue itself and the credit support.
Variable or Floating Rate Instruments
The Funds may invest in variable or floating rate instruments which may
involve a demand feature and may include variable amount master demand notes
which may or may not be backed by bank letters of credit. Variable or floating
rate instruments bear interest at a rate which varies with changes in market
rates. The holder of an instrument with a demand feature may tender the
instrument back to the issuer at par prior to maturity. A variable amount master
demand note is issued pursuant to a written agreement between the issuer and the
holder, its amount may be increased by the holder or decreased by the holder or
issuer, it is payable on demand, and the rate of interest varies based upon an
agreed formula. The quality of the underlying credit must, in the opinion of the
Adviser, be equivalent to the long-term bond or commercial paper ratings
applicable to permitted investments for each Fund. The Adviser will monitor, on
an ongoing basis, the earning power, cash flow, and liquidity ratios of the
issuers of such instruments and will similarly monitor the ability of an issuer
of a demand instrument to pay principal and interest on demand.
When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
The Funds may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery
basis and may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis. These
transactions involve the purchase of debt obligations with delivery and payment
normally take place within a month or more after the date of commitment to
purchase. The Funds will only make commitments to purchase obligations on a
when-issued basis with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but
may sell them before the settlement date. The when-issued securities are subject
to market fluctuation, and no interest accrues on the security to the purchaser
during this period. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be
received on the securities are each fixed at the time the purchaser enters into
the commitment.
Segregated accounts will be established with the custodian, and the
Funds will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to a
Fund's commitments to purchase when-issued securities. If the value of these
assets declines, a Fund will place additional liquid assets in the account on a
daily basis so that the value of the assets in the account is equal to the
amount of such commitments.
Purchasing obligations on a when-issued basis is a form of leveraging
and can involve a risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery
takes place may actually be higher than those obtained in the transaction
itself. In that case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery.
A Fund uses when-issued, delayed-delivery and forward commitment
transactions to secure what it considers to be an advantageous price and yield
at the time of purchase. When a Fund engages in whenissued, delayed-delivery and
forward commitment transactions, it relies on the buyer or seller, as the case
may be, to consummate the sale. If the buyer or seller fails to complete the
sale, then the Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a
favorable price or yield.
Typically, no income accrues on securities a Fund has committed to
purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund
may earn income on securities it has deposited in a segregated account. When
purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment
basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security,
including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations
into account when determining its net asset value. Because the Fund is not
required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in
addition to the risks associated with the Fund's other investments.
Zero Coupon "Stripped" Bonds
A zero coupon "stripped" bond represents ownership in serially maturing
interest payments or principal payments on specific underlying notes and bonds,
including coupons relating to such notes and bonds. The interest and principal
payments are direct obligations of the issuer. Coupon zero coupon bonds of any
series mature periodically from the date of issue of such series through the
maturity date of the securities related to such series. Principal zero coupon
bonds mature on the date specified therein, which is the final maturity date of
the related securities. Each zero coupon bond entitles the holder to receive a
single payment at maturity. There are no periodic interest payments on a zero
coupon bond. Zero coupon bonds are offered at discounts from their face amounts.
In general, owners of zero coupon bonds have substantially all the
rights and privileges of owners of the underlying coupon obligations or
principal obligations. Owners of zero coupon bonds have the right upon default
on the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations to proceed
directly and individually against the issuer and are not required to act in
concert with other holders of zero coupon bonds.
For federal income tax purposes, a purchaser of principal zero coupon
bonds or coupon zero coupon bonds (either initially or in the secondary market)
is treated as if the buyer had purchased a corporate obligation issued on the
purchase date with an original issue discount equal to the excess of the amount
payable at maturity over the purchase price. The purchaser is required to take
into income each year as ordinary income an allocable portion of such discounts
determined on a "constant yield" method. Any such income increases the holder's
tax basis for the zero coupon bond, and any gain or loss on a sale of the zero
coupon bonds relative to the holder's basis, as so adjusted, is a capital gain
or loss. If the holder owns both principal zero coupon bonds and coupon zero
coupon bonds representing interest in the same underlying issue of securities, a
special basis allocation rule (requiring the aggregate basis to be allocated
among the items sold and retained based on their relative fair market value at
the time of sale) may apply to determine the gain or loss on a sale of any such
zero coupon bonds.
High Yield Bonds
Each Fund may invest in high yield, high risk bonds. While investment
in high yield bonds provides opportunities to maximize return over time,
investors should be aware of the following risks associated with high yield
bonds:
(1) High yield bonds are rated below investment grade, i.e., BB or
lower by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group ("S&P") or Ba or lower by Moody's
Investors Service ("Moody's"). Securities so rated are considered predominantly
speculative with respect to the ability of the issuer to meet principal and
interest payments.
(2) The lower ratings of these securities reflect a greater possibility
that adverse changes in the financial condition of the issuer or in general
economic conditions, or both, or an unanticipated rise in interest rates may
impair the ability of the issuer to make payments of interest and principal,
especially if the issuer is highly leveraged. Such issuer's ability to meet its
debt obligations may also be adversely affected by specific corporate
developments or the issuer's inability to meet specific projected business
forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. Also, an economic
downturn or an increase in interest rates may increase the potential for default
by the issuers of these securities.
(3) Their value may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse
economic, company or industry conditions and publicity than is the case for
higher quality securities.
(4) Their value, like those of other fixed income securities,
fluctuates in response to changes in interest rates, generally rising when
interest rates decline and falling when interest rates rise. For example, if
interest rates increase after a fixed income security is purchased, the
security, if sold prior to maturity, may return less than its cost. The prices
of below-investment grade bonds, however, are generally less sensitive to
interest rate changes than the prices of higher-rated bonds, but are more
sensitive to adverse or positive economic changes or individual corporate
developments.
(5) The secondary market for such securities may be less liquid at
certain times than the secondary market for higher quality debt securities,
which may adversely effect (1) the market price of the security, (2) the Fund's
ability to dispose of particular issues and (3) the Fund's ability to obtain
accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its assets.
(6) Zero coupon bonds and PIKs involve additional special
considerations. For example, zero coupon bonds pay no interest to holders prior
to maturity of interest. PIKs are debt obligations that provide that the issuer
may, at its option, pay interest on such bonds in cash or in the form of
additional debt obligations. Such investments may experience greater fluctuation
in value due to changes in interest rates than debt obligations that pay
interest currently. Even though these investments do not pay current interest in
cash, the Fund is, nonetheless, required by tax laws to accrue interest income
on such investments and to distribute such amounts at least annually to
shareholders. Thus, the Fund could be required at times to liquidate investments
in order to fulfill its intention to distribute substantially all of its net
income as dividends. The Fund will not be able to purchase additional income
producing securities with cash used to make such distributions, and its current
income ultimately may be reduced as a result.
Each Fund, except for Evergreen Select Intermediate Tax Exempt Bond
Fund, may invest in securities rated as low as D by S&P or C- by Moody's. Such
securities may have defaulted on payments of principal and/or interest at the
time of investment. (Rating categories are described in the Appendix.) A Fund
will invest in debt so rated only when its investment adviser believes the
issuer's financial condition will improve through reorganization or other
measures. Evergreen Select Intermediate Tax Exempt Bond Fund may not invest in
securities rated below B by S&P or Moody's. Each Fund may also invest in high
yield, high risk securities which are unrated or rated under a different system
if a Fund's investment adviser believes they are comparable to high yield
securities in which each Fund may otherwise invest.
The investment adviser considers the ratings of S&P and Moody's
assigned to various securities, but does not rely solely on these ratings
because (1) S&P and Moody's assigned ratings are based largely on historical
financial data and may not accurately reflect the current financial outlook of
companies; and (2) there can be large differences among the current financial
conditions of issuers within the same category.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS AND GUIDELINES
Fundamental Policies
Each Fund has adopted the fundamental investment restrictions set forth
below which may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the Fund's
outstanding shares, as defined in the 1940 Act. Unless otherwise stated, all
references to the assets of a Fund are in terms of current market value.
Diversification
Each Fund may not make any investment that is inconsistent with its
classification as a diversified investment company under the 1940 Act.
Concentration
Each Fund may not concentrate its investments in the securities of
issuers primarily engaged in any particular industry (other than securities
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities).
Issuing Senior Securities
Except as permitted under the 1940 Act, each Fund may not issue senior
securities.
Borrowing
Each Fund may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
Underwriting Securities Issued by Other Persons
Each Fund may not underwrite securities of other issuers, except
insofar as each Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the
disposition of its portfolio securities.
Real Estate
Each Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except that, to the
extent permitted by applicable law, each Fund may invest in (a) securities that
are directly or indirectly secured by real estate, or (b) securities issued by
companies that invest in real estate.
Commodities
Each Fund may not purchase or sell commodities or contracts on
commodities, except to the extent that each Fund may engage in financial futures
contacts and related options and currency contracts and related options and may
otherwise do so in accordance with applicable law and without registering as a
commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act.
Loans to Other Persons
Each Fund may not make loans to other persons, except that a Fund may
lend its portfolio securities in accordance with applicable law. The acquisition
of investment securities or other investment instruments shall not be deemed to
be the making of a loan. Each Fund does not consider the acquisition of
investment instruments in accordance with a Fund's prospectus and statement of
additional information to be the making of a loan.
Guidelines
Unlike the Fundamental Policies above, to the extent permitted by law,
the following guidelines may be changed by the Trust's Board of Trustees without
shareholder approval. Unless otherwise stated, all references to the assets of
a Fund are in terms of current market value.
Diversification
To remain classified as a diversified investment company under the 1940
Act, each Fund must conform with the following: With respect to the 75% of its
total assets, a diversified investment company may not invest more than 5% of
its total assets, determined at market or other fair value at the time of
purchase, in the securities of any one issuer, or invest in more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, determined at the time of
purchase. These limitations do not apply to investments in securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
Borrowings
Each Fund may borrow money from banks or enter into reverse repurchase
agreements in an amount up to one third of its total assets. Each Fund may also
borrow an additional 5% of its total assets from banks or others. Each Fund may
borrow only as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes. Each
Fund will not purchase securities while borrowings are outstanding except to
exercise prior commitments and to exercise subscription rights. Each Fund may
obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases
and sales of portfolio securities. Each Fund may purchase securities on margin
and engage in short sales to the extent permitted by applicable law.
Illiquid securities
Each Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities
that are Illiquid. A security is Illiquid when a fund may not dispose of it in
the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at
which each Fund has the investment on its books.
Investment in other investment companies
Each Fund may purchase the shares of other investment companies to the
extent permitted under the 1940 Act. Currently, each Fund may not (1) own more
than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of another investment company, (2)
invest more than 5% of its assets in any single investment company, and (3)
invest more than 10% of its assets in investment companies. However, each Fund
may invest all of its investable assets in securities of a single open-end
management investment company with substantially the same fundamental investment
objectives, policies and limitations as each Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
Set forth below are the Trustees and officers of the Trust and their
principal occupations and some of their affiliations over the last five years.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each Trustee and officer is 200
Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02116. Each Trustee is also a Trustee of
each of the other Trusts in the Evergreen Fund complex, other than Evergreen
Variable Trust, of which Messrs. Howell, Salton and Scofield are the only
Trustees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
Name Position with Trust Principal Occupations for Last Five Years
- ------------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
Laurence B. Ashkin Trustee Real estate developer and construction consultant;
(DOB: 2/2/28) and President of Centrum Equities and Centrum
Properties, Inc.
Charles A. Austin III Trustee Investment Counselor to Appleton Partners, Inc.;
(DOB: 10/23/34) and former Managing Director, Seaward
Management Corporation (investment advice).
K. Dun Gifford Trustee Trustee, Treasurer and Chairman of the Finance
(DOB: 10/12/38) Committee, Cambridge College; Chairman Emeritus
and Director, American Institute of Food and Wine;
Chairman and President, Oldways Preservation and
Exchange Trust (education); former Chairman of
the Board, Director, and Executive Vice President,
The London Harness Company; former Managing
Partner, Roscommon Capital Corp.; former Chief
Executive Officer, Gifford Gifts of Fine Foods;
former Chairman, Gifford, Drescher & Associates
(environmental consulting); and former Director,
Keystone Investments, Inc.
James S. Howell Chairman of the Former Chairman of the Distribution Foundation for
(DOB: 8/13/24) Board of Trustees the Carolinas; and former Vice President of Lance
Inc. (food manufacturing).
Leroy Keith, Jr. Trustee Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer,
(DOB: 2/14/39) Carson Products Company; Director of Phoenix
Total Return Fund and Equifax, Inc.; Trustee of
Phoenix Series Fund, Phoenix Multi-Portfolio Fund,
and The Phoenix Big Edge Series Fund; and former
President, Morehouse College.
Gerald M. McDonnell Trustee Sales Representative with Nucor-Yamoto, Inc.
(DOB: 7/14/39) (steel producer).
Thomas L. McVerry Trustee Former Vice President and Director of Rexham
(DOB: 8/2/39) Corporation; and former Director of Carolina
Cooperative Federal Credit Union.
*William Walt Pettit Trustee Partner in the law firm of Holcomb and Pettit, P.A.
(DOB: 8/26/55)
David M. Richardson Trustee Vice Chair and former Executive Vice President,
(DOB: 9/14/41) DHR International, Inc. (executive recruitment);
former Senior Vice President, Boyden International
Inc. (executive recruitment); and Director,
Commerce and Industry Association of New
Jersey, 411 International, Inc., and J&M Cumming
Paper Co.
Russell A. Salton, III MD Trustee Medical Director, U.S. Health Care/Aetna Health
(DOB: 6/2/47) Services; and former Managed Health Care
Consultant; former President, Primary Physician
Care.
Michael S. Scofield Trustee Attorney, Law Offices of Michael S. Scofield.
(DOB: 2/20/43)
Richard J. Shima Trustee Chairman, Environmental Warranty, Inc. (insurance
(DOB: 8/11/39) agency); Executive Consultant, Drake Beam Morin,
Inc. (executive outplacement); Director of
Connecticut Natural Gas Corporation, Hartford
Hospital, Old State House Association, Middlesex
Mutual Assurance Company, and Enhance
Financial Services, Inc.; Chairman, Board of
Trustees, Hartford Graduate Center; Trustee,
Greater Hartford YMCA; former Director, Vice
Chairman and Chief Investment Officer, The
Travelers Corporation; former Trustee, Kingswood-
Oxford School; and former Managing Director and
Consultant, Russell Miller, Inc.
John J. Pileggi, 230 President and Senior Managing Director, Furman Selz LLC since
Park Avenue, Suite 910 Treasurer 1992; Managing Director from 1984 to 1992;
New York, New York Consultant to BISYS Fund Services since 1996.
George O. Martinez, Secretary Senior Vice President and Director of
3435 Stelzer Road Administration and Regulatory Services, BISYS
Columbus, Ohio Fund Services; Vice President/Assistant General
Counsel, Alliance Capital Management from 1988.
</TABLE>
*This Trustee may be considered an interested trustee within the meaning of the
1940 Act.
The officers of the Trust are all officers and/or employees of The
BISYS Group, Inc. ("BISYS"), except for Mr. Pileggi, who is a consultant to
BISYS.
Listed below is the estimated Trustee compensation for the twelve-
month period ended February 28, 1998.
COMPENSATION TABLE
Total
Compensation
Aggregate From Registrant
Compensation And Fund Complex
Trustee From Registrant Paid To Directors
Laurence B. Ashkin $743 $ 68,673
Charles A. Austin $743 $ 43,312
K. Dun Gifford $679 $ 38,818
James S. Howell $999 $107,167
Leroy Keith Jr. $679 $ 39,218
Gerald M. McDonnell $679 $ 94,014
Thomas L. McVerry $884 $ 96,065
William Walt Petit $679 $ 91,709
David M. Richardson $743 $ 43,312
Russell A. Salton, III $679 $ 93,651
Michael S. Scofield $679 $ 90,815
Richard J. Shima $679 $ 63,333
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT ADVISER
The First Capital Group of FUNB is the investment adviser (the
"Adviser") to each Fund. FUNB is a subsidiary of First Union Corporation, a bank
holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. First Union
Corporation and its subsidiaries provide a broad range of financial services to
individuals and businesses throughout the United States. First Union Corporation
and FUNB are located at 201 South College Street, Charlotte North Carolina 28288
Pursuant to the advisory agreement (the "Advisory Agreement") between
the Trust and the Adviser, and subject to the supervision of the Trust's Board
of Trustees, the Adviser furnishes to each Fund investment advisory, management
and administrative services, office facilities, and equipment in connection with
its services for managing the investment and reinvestment of each Fund's assets.
The Adviser pays for all of the expenses incurred in connection with the
provision of its services.
All charges and expenses, other than those specifically referred to as
being borne by the Adviser, including, but not limited to, (1) custodian charges
and expenses; (2) bookkeeping and independent auditors' charges and expenses;
(3) transfer agent charges and expenses; (4) fees and expenses of Independent
Trustees; (5) brokerage commissions, brokers' fees and expenses; (6) issue and
transfer taxes; (7) costs and expenses under the Distribution Plan; (8) taxes
and trust fees payable to governmental agencies; (9) the cost of share
certificates; (10) fees and expenses of the registration and qualification of
such Fund and its shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission or under
state or other securities laws; (11) expenses of preparing, printing and mailing
prospectuses, statements of additional information, notices, reports and proxy
materials to shareholders of such Fund; (12) expenses of shareholders' and
Trustees' meetings; (13) charges and expenses of legal counsel for such Fund and
for the Independent Trustees of the Trust on matters relating to such Fund; and
(14) charges and expenses of filing annual and other reports with the Securities
and Exchange Commission and other authorities; and all extraordinary charges and
expenses of such Fund.
Each Fund pays the Adviser a fee for its services, expressed as a
percentage of average net assets, as set forth below. In addition, the Adviser
has voluntarily agreed to reduce its advisory fee by 0.10%, resulting in the net
advisory fees that are also indicated in the table below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
Fund Advisory Fee Net Advisory Fee
Evergreen Select Core Bond Fund 0.40% 0.30%
Evergreen Select Fixed Income Fund 0.50% 0.40%
Evergreen Select Income Plus Fund 0.50% 0.40%
Evergreen Select Intermediate Bond Fund 0.40% 0.30%
Evergreen Select Intermediate 0.60% 0.50%
Tax-Exempt Bond Fund
</TABLE>
Under the Advisory Agreement, any liability of the Adviser in
connection with rendering services thereunder is limited to situations involving
its willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of
its duties.
The Advisory Agreement continues in effect for two years from its
effective date and, thereafter, from year to year only if approved at least
annually by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of a
Fund's outstanding shares (as defined in the 1940 Act). In either case, the
terms of the Advisory Agreement and continuance thereof must be approved by the
vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees (Trustees who are not interested
persons of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, and who have no direct or
indirect financial interest in the Fund's Distribution Plan or any agreement
related thereto) cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on
such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated, without penalty, on 60
days' written notice by the Trust's Board of Trustees or by a vote of a majority
of outstanding shares. The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically upon
its "assignment" as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.
DISTRIBUTOR
Evergreen Distributor, Inc. (The "Distributor") markets the Funds
through broker-dealers and other financial representatives. Its address is 125
55th Street, New York, NY 10019.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act permits investment mutual funds to use
their assets to pay for distributing their shares. However, to take advantage of
Rule 12b-1, the 1940 Act requires that mutual funds comply with various
conditions, including adopting a distribution plan. The Funds have adopted a
distribution plan for their Institutional Service Shares (the "Plan") that
permits a Fund to deduct up to 0.25% of the Institutional Service class' average
net assets to pay for shareholder services. The Board of Trustees, including a
majority of the Independent Trustees has approved the Plan.
The National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD") limits
the amount that a mutual fund may pay annually in distribution costs for sale of
its shares and shareholder service fees. The NASD limits annual expenditures to
1.00% of the aggregate average daily net asset value of its shares, of which
0.75% may be used to pay such distribution costs and 0.25% may be used to pay
shareholder service fees. The NASD also limits the aggregate amount that a Fund
may pay for such distribution costs to 6.25% of gross share sales since the
inception of the distribution plan, plus interest at the prime rate plus 1.00%
on such amounts remaining unpaid from time to time.
The Independent Trustees or a majority of the outstanding voting shares
of a Fund's Institutional Service Class may terminate the Plan.
A Fund cannot change the Plan in a way that materially increases the
distribution expenses of the Institutional Service Class without obtaining
shareholder approval. Otherwise, the Trustees may amend the Plan.
Management must report the amounts and purposes of expenditures under
the Plan to the Independent Trustees quarterly.
While the Institutional Service Distribution Plan is in effect, a Fund
will be required to commit the selection and nomination of candidates for
Independent Trustees to the discretion of the Independent Trustees.
The Independent Trustees of the Trust have determined that the Funds
will benefit from the Institutional Service shares distribution plan.
ADDITIONAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
Administrator
Evergreen Investment Services, Inc. ("EIS") serves as administrator to
each Fund, subject to the supervision and control of the Trust's Board of
Trustees. EIS provides the Funds with facilities, equipment and personnel and is
entitled to receive a fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of the
Funds based on the total assets of all mutual funds advised by First Union
subsidiaries. EIS' fee is calculated in accordance with the following schedule:
0.60% on the first $7 billion; 0.0425% on the next $3 billion; 0.035% on the
next $5 billion; 0.025% on the next $10 billion; 0.019% on the next $5 billion
and 0.014% on assets in excess of $30 billion.
Transfer Agent
Evergreen Service Company ("ESC"), a subsidiary of First Union
Corporation, is the Funds' transfer agent. The transfer agent issues and redeems
shares, pays dividends and performs other duties in connection with the
maintenance of shareholder accounts. The transfer agent's address is 200
Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.
Independent auditors
Price Waterhouse LLP audits the Funds' financial statements. The
auditor's address is 160 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company is the Funds' custodian. The bank
keeps custody of the Fund's securities and cash and performs other related
duties. The custodian's address is Box 9021, Boston, Massachusetts 02205-9827.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
SELECTION OF BROKERS
In effecting transactions in portfolio securities for the Funds, the
Adviser seeks the best execution of orders at the most favorable prices. The
Adviser determines whether a broker has provided a Fund with best execution and
price in the execution of a securities transaction by evaluating, among other
things, the broker's ability to execute large or potentially difficult
transactions, and the financial strength and stability of the broker.
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS
The Funds expect to buy and sell their fixed-income securities through
principal transactions that is directly from the issuer or from an underwriter
or market maker for the securities. Generally, the Funds will not pay brokerage
commissions for such purchases. Usually, when a Fund buys a security from an
underwriter, the purchase price will include underwriting commission or
concession. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as
market makers will similarly include the dealer's mark up or reflect a dealer's
mark down. When the Funds execute transactions in the over-the-counter market,
they will deal with primary market makers unless more favorable prices are
otherwise obtainable.
GENERAL BROKERAGE POLICIES
The Adviser makes investment decisions for a Fund independently from
those of its other clients. It may frequently develop, however, that the Adviser
will make the same investment decision for more than one client. Simultaneous
transactions are inevitable when the same security is suitable for the
investment objective of more than one account. When two or more of its clients
are engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the Adviser will
allocate the transactions according to a formula that is equitable to each of
its clients. Although, in some cases, this system could have a detrimental
effect on the price or volume of the Fund's securities, the Fund believes that
in other cases its ability to participate in volume transactions will produce
better executions. In order to take advantage of the availability of lower
purchase prices, each Fund may occasionally participate in group bidding for the
direct purchase from an issuer of certain securities.
The Board of Trustees periodically reviews each Fund's brokerage
policy. Because of the possibility of further regulatory developments affecting
the securities exchanges and brokerage practices generally, the Board of
Trustees may change, modify or eliminate any of the foregoing practices.
TRUST ORGANIZATION
FORM OF ORGANIZATION
The Trust was formed as a Delaware business trust on September 17, 1997
(the "Declaration of Trust"). A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file as
an exhibit to the Trust's Registration Statement, of which this statement of
additional information is a part. This summary is qualified in its entirety by
reference to the Declaration of Trust.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number
of shares of beneficial interest of series and classes of shares. Each share of
a Fund represents an equal proportionate interest with each other share of that
series and/or class. Upon liquidation, shares are entitled to a pro rata share
of the Trust based on the relative net assets of each series and/or class.
Shareholders have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares are redeemable and
transferable.
VOTING RIGHTS
Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, the Trust is not required
to hold annual meetings. However, the Trust intends to hold meetings at least
annually. At meetings called for the initial election of Trustees or to consider
other matters, shares are entitled to one vote per share. Shares generally vote
together as one class on all matters. Classes of shares of a Fund have equal
voting rights. No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust that
adversely affects any class of shares without the approval of a majority of the
shares of that class. Shares have non-cumulative voting rights, which means that
the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees
can elect 100% of the Trustees to be elected at a meeting and, in such event,
the holders of the remaining 50% or less of the shares voting will not be able
to elect any Trustees.
After the initial meeting as described above, no further meetings of
shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees will be held, unless required
by law, unless and until such time as less than a majority of the Trustees
holding office have been elected by shareholders, at which time, the Trustees
then in office will call a shareholders' meeting for the election of Trustees.
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES' LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee will not be liable for
errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Declaration of
Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be
subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of his duties involved in the conduct of his office.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF FUND SHARES
EXCHANGES
Investors may exchange shares of any Fund for shares of the same class
of any other Evergreen "Select" fund, as described under Exchanges in each
Fund's prospectus. Before you make an exchange, you should read the prospectus
of the "Select" fund into which you wish to exchange. The Trust reserves the
right to discontinue, alter or limit the exchange privilege at any time.
HOW THE FUNDS VALUE THEIR SHARES
How and When the Funds Calculate Their Net Asset Value Per Share ("NAV")
Each Fund computes its net asset value once daily on Monday through
Friday, as described in the Prospectus. A Fund will not compute its net asset
value on days on which there have been no purchases or sales of its shares.
Also, a Fund will not compute its NAV on the day the following legal holidays
are observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good
Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and
Christmas Day.
Each class of shares of a Fund calculates its net asset value per share
by adding up its investments and other assets, subtracting its liabilities and
then dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding.
How the Funds Value The Securities They Own
Current values for a Fund's portfolio securities are determined in the
following manner:
(1) securities that are traded on a national securities exchange or the
over-the-counter National Market System ("NMS") are valued on the basis of the
last sales price on the exchange where primarily traded or NMS prior to the time
of the valuation, provided that a sale has occurred;
(2) securities traded in the over-the-counter market, other than on NMS
are valued at the mean of the bid and asked prices at the time of valuation;
(3) short-term investments maturing in more than sixty days for which
market quotations are readily available, are valued at current market value;
(4) short-term investments maturing in sixty days or less (including
all master demand notes) are valued at amortized cost (original purchase cost as
adjusted for amortization of premium or accretion of discount), which, when
combined with accrued interest, approximates market;
(5) short-term investments maturing in more than sixty days when
purchased that are held on the sixtieth day prior to maturity are valued at
amortized cost (market value on the sixtieth day adjusted for amortization of
premium or accretion of discount), which, when combined with accrued interest,
approximates market; and
(6) securities, including restricted securities, for which complete
quotations are not readily available; listed securities or those on NMS if, in
the Fund's opinion, the last sales price does not reflect a current market value
or if no sale occurred; and other assets are valued at prices deemed in good
faith to be fair under procedures established by the Board of Trustees.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
As described in the prospectus, a shareholder may elect to receive
their dividends and capital gains distributions in cash instead of shares.
However, ESC will automatically convert a shareholder's distribution option so
that the shareholder reinvests all dividends and distributions in additional
shares when it learns that the postal or other delivery service is unable to
deliver checks or transaction confirmations to the shareholder's address of
record. The Fund will hold the returned distribution or redemption proceeds in a
non interest-bearing account in the shareholder's name until the shareholder
updates their address. Therefore, no interest will accrue on amounts represented
by uncashed distribution or redemption checks
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
The Distributor is the principal underwriter for the Trust and with
respect to each class of each Fund. The Trust has entered into a Principal
Underwriting Agreement ( "Underwriting Agreement") with the Distributor with
respect to each class of each Fund. The Distributor is a subsidiary of The BISYS
Group, Inc.
The Distributor, as agent, has agreed to use its best efforts to find
purchasers for the shares. The Distributor may retain and employ representatives
to promote distribution of the shares and may obtain orders from broker-dealers,
and others, acting as principals, for sales of shares to them. The Underwriting
Agreement provides that the Distributor will bear the expense of preparing,
printing, and distributing advertising and sales literature and prospectuses
used by it.
All subscriptions and sales of shares by the Distributor are at the
public offering price of the shares, which is determined in accordance with the
provisions of the Trust's Declaration of Trust, By-Laws, current prospectuses
and statement of additional information. All orders are subject to acceptance by
the respective Fund and each Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to
reject any order received. Under the Underwriting Agreement, the Fund is not
liable to anyone for failure to accept any order.
The Distributor has agreed that it will, in all respects, duly conform
with all state and federal laws applicable to the sale of the shares. The
Distributor has also agreed that it will indemnify and hold harmless the Trust
and each person who has been, is, or may be a Trustee or officer of the Trust
against expenses reasonably incurred by any of them in connection with any
claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which any of them may be a party that
arises out of or is alleged to arise out of any misrepresentation or omission to
state a material fact on the part of the Distributor or any other person for
whose acts the Distributor is responsible or is alleged to be responsible,
unless such misrepresentation or omission was made in reliance upon written
information furnished by the Trust.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that it will remain in effect as
long as its terms and continuance are approved annually (i) by a vote of a
majority of the Trust's Independent Trustees, and (ii) by vote of a majority of
the Trust's Trustees, in each case, cast in person at a meeting called for that
purpose.
The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated, without penalty, on 60
days' written notice by the Board of Trustees or by a vote of a majority of
outstanding shares subject to such agreement. The Underwriting Agreement will
terminate automatically upon its "assignment," as that term is defined in the
1940 Act.
From time to time, if, in the Distributor's judgment, it could benefit
the sales of shares, the Distributor may provide to selected broker-dealers
promotional materials and selling aids, including, but not limited to, personal
computers, related software, and data files.
CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE DATA
Total return quotations for a class of shares of a Fund as they may
appear from time to time in advertisements are calculated by finding the average
annual compounded rates of return over one, five and ten year periods, or the
time periods for which such class of shares has been effective, whichever is
relevant, on a hypothetical $1,000 investment that would equate the initial
amount invested in the class to the ending redeemable value. To the initial
investment all dividends and distributions are added, and all recurring fees
charged to all shareholder accounts are deducted. The ending redeemable value
assumes a complete redemption at the end of the relevant periods.
Current yield quotations as they may appear, from time to time, in
advertisements will consist of a quotation based on a 30-day period ended on the
date of the most recent balance sheet of a Fund, computed by dividing the net
investment income per share earned during the period by the maximum offering
price per share on the last day of the base period.
Any given yield or total return quotation should not be considered
representative of a Fund's yield or total return for any future period.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Except as otherwise stated in its prospectus or required by law, a Fund
reserves the right to change the terms of the offer stated in its prospectus
without shareholder approval, including the right to impose or change fees for
services provided.
No dealer, salesman or other person is authorized to give any
information or to make any representation not contained in a Fund's prospectus,
statement of additional information or in supplemental sales literature issued
by such Fund or the Distributor, and no person is entitled to rely on any
information or representation not contained therein.
Each Fund's prospectus and SAI omit certain information contained in
its registration statement, which you may obtain for a fee from the SEC in
Washington, D.C.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited statements of assets and liabilities and the report thereon
of Price Waterhouse LLP for each Fund will be filed by amendment.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
S&P Corporate Bond Ratings
A. Corporate Bond Ratings
An S&P corporate bond rating is a current assessment of the
creditworthiness of an obligor, including obligors outside the U.S., with
respect to a specific obligation. This assessment may take into consideration
obligors such as guarantors, insurers or lessees. Ratings of foreign obligors do
not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties. The ratings
are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by S&P from
other sources it considers reliable.
The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following
considerations:
a. Likelihood of default and capacity and willingness of the obligor as
to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with
the terms of the obligation;
b. Nature of and provisions of the obligation; and
c. Protection afforded by and relative position of the obligation in
the event of bankruptcy reorganization or other arrangement under the laws of
bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
PLUS (+) OR MINUS (-): To provide more detailed indications of credit
quality, ratings from "AA" to "BBB" may be modified by the addition of a plus or
minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
A provisional rating is sometimes used by S&P. It assumes the
successful completion of the project being financed by the debt being rated and
indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely
dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating,
however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the
project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon
failure of, such completion.
B. Bond ratings are as follows:
a. AAA - Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P.
Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
b. AA - Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and
repay principal and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
3. A - Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated
categories.
4. BBB - Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to
pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate
protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are
more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal
for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
5. BB, B, CCC, CC and C - Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C is regarded,
on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay
interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB
indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of
speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions.
C. Moody's Corporate Bond Ratings
Moody's ratings are as follows:
1. Aaa - Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best
quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally
referred to as "gilt-edge." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an
exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various
protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are
most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
2. Aa - Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by
all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally
known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because
margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of
protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements
present which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa
securities.
3. A - Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment
attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors
giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements
may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the
future.
4. Baa - Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
5. Ba - Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative
elements. Their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the
protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby
not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty
of position characterizes bonds in this class.
6. B - Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the
desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of
maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be
small.
7. Caa - Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues
may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to
principal or interest.
8. Ca - Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are
speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other
market shortcomings.
9. C - Bonds which are rated as C are the lowest rated class of bonds
and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever
attaining any real investment standing.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers, 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating
classification from Aa through Baa in its corporate bond rating system. The
modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier
3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating
category.
MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS
Money market securities are instruments with remaining maturities of
one year or less such as bank certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances,
commercial paper (including variable rate master demand notes), and obligations
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities,
some of which may be subject to repurchase agreements.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase
A-1, by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group (S&P), or Prime-1 by Moody's Investors
Service, Inc., (Moody's) or F-1 by Fitch Investors Services, L.P. (Fitch's); or,
if not rated, will be issued by companies which have an outstanding debt issue
rated at the time of purchase Aaa, Aa or A by Moody's, or AAA, AA or A by S&P,
or will be determined by a Fund's investment adviser to be of comparable
quality.
A. S&P Ratings
An S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the
likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than
365 days. Ratings are graded into four categories, ranging from "A" for the
highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest. The top category is as
follows:
1. A: Issues assigned this highest rating are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety.
2. A-1: This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding
timely payment is either overwhelming or very strong. Those issues determined to
possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign
designation.
B. Moody's Ratings
The term "commercial paper" as used by Moody's means promissory
obligations not having an original maturity in excess of nine months. Moody's
commercial paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay
punctually promissory obligations not having an original maturity in excess of
nine months. Moody's employs the following designation, judged to be investment
grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers.
1. The rating Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned
by Moody's. Issuers rated Prime-1 (or related supporting institutions) are
deemed to have a superior capacity for repayment of short term promissory
obligations. Repayment capacity of Prime-1 issuers is normally evidenced by the
following characteristics:
1) leading market positions in well-established industries;
2) high rates of return on funds employed;
3) conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance
on debt and ample asset protection;
4) broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges
and high internal cash generation; and
5) well established access to a range of financial markets and
assured sources of alternate liquidity.
In assigning ratings to issuers whose commercial paper obligations are
supported by the credit of another entity or entities, Moody's evaluates the
financial strength of the affiliated corporations, commercial banks, insurance
companies, foreign governments or other entities, but only as one factor in the
total rating assessment.
<PAGE>
EVERGREEN SELECT FIXED INCOME TRUST
200 Berkeley Street
Boston, Massachusetts 02116
(800) 633-2700
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
NOVEMBER 17, 1997
EVERGREEN SELECT LIMITED DURATION FUND
(THE "FUND")
The Fund is a series of an open-end management investment company,
known as "Evergreen Select Fixed Income Trust" (the "Trust").
This statement of additional information ("SAI") provides additional
information about all classes of shares of the Fund. It is not a prospectus and
you should read it in conjunction with the Fund's prospectus dated November 17,
1997, as supplemented from time to time. You may obtain a copy of the prospectus
from Evergreen Distributor, Inc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INVESTMENT POLICIES............................................................3
Additional Information on Securities and Investment Practices.........3
Investment Restrictions and Guidelines...............................15
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST.......................................................17
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES........................................20
Investment Adviser...................................................20
Distributor..........................................................21
Distribution Plan....................................................21
Additional Service Providers.........................................22
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES......................................22
Selection of Brokers.................................................22
Brokerage Commissions................................................22
General Brokerage Policies...........................................23
TRUST ORGANIZATION............................................................23
Form of Organization.................................................23
Description of Shares................................................23
Voting Rights........................................................23
Limitation of Trustees' Liability....................................24
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF FUND SHARES...............................24
Exchanges............................................................24
How the Fund Values Shares...........................................24
Shareholder Services.................................................25
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER.........................................................25
CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE DATA...............................................26
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION........................................................26
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS..........................................................27
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
INVESTMENT POLICIES
The investment objectives of the Fund and a description of the
securities in which the Fund may invest is set forth in the Fund's prospectus.
The following expands upon the discussion in the prospectus regarding certain
investments of the Fund.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT PRACTICES
Derivatives
Derivatives are financial contracts whose value depends on, or is
derived from, the value of an underlying asset, reference rate or index. These
assets, rates, and indices may include bonds, stocks, mortgages, commodities,
interest rates, currency exchange rates, bond indices, and stock indices.
Derivatives may be standardized, exchange-traded contracts or customized,
privately negotiated contracts. Exchange-traded derivatives tend to be more
liquid and subject to less credit risk than those that are privately negotiated.
There are four principal types of derivative instruments -- options,
futures, forwards, and swaps -- from which virtually any type of derivative
transaction can be created. Debt instruments that incorporate one or more of
these building blocks for the purpose of determining the principal amount of
and/or rate of interest payable on the debt instruments are often referred to as
"structured securities." An example of this type of structured security is
indexed commercial paper. The term is also used to describe certain securities
issued in connection with the restructuring of certain foreign obligations. The
term "derivative" is also sometimes used to describe securities involving rights
to a portion of the cash flows from an underlying pool of mortgages or other
assets from which payments are passed through to the owner of, or that
collateralize, the securities.
The Fund can use derivatives to earn income, to enhance returns, to
hedge or adjust the risk profile of the portfolio, in place of more traditional
direct investments or to obtain exposure to otherwise inaccessible markets. The
fund's use derivatives for non-hedging purposes entails greater risks than if
the fund were to derivatives solely for hedging purposes.
Derivatives are a valuable tool which, when used properly, can provide
significant benefit to the Fund's shareholders. The Fund's Adviser (as
hereinafter defined) is not an aggressive user of derivatives with respect to
the Fund. However, the Fund may take positions in those derivatives that are
within its investment policies if, in the Adviser's judgment, this represents an
effective response to current or anticipated market conditions. the Adviser's
use of derivatives is subject to continuous risk assessment and control from the
standpoint of the Fund's investment objective and policies. While the judicious
use of derivatives by experienced investment managers, such as the Adviser, can
be beneficial, derivatives also involve risks different from, and, in certain
cases, greater than, the risks presented by more traditional investments.
Following is a general discussion of important risk factors and issues
concerning the use of derivatives that investors should understand before
investing in the Fund.
Market Risk -- This is the general risk attendant to all investments
that the value of a particular investment will decline or otherwise change in a
way detrimental to the Fund's interest.
Management Risk -- Derivative products are highly specialized
instruments that require investment techniques and risk analyses different from
those associated with stocks and bonds. The use of a derivative requires an
understanding not only of the underlying instrument, but also of the derivative
itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under
all possible market conditions. Because derivatives are complex, the Fund and
the Adviser must (1) maintain controls to monitor the transactions entered into,
(2) assess the risk that a derivative adds to the Fund's portfolio and (3)
forecast price, interest rate or currency exchange rate movements correctly.
Credit Risk -- This is the risk that the Fund may lose money because
the other party to a derivative (usually called a "counter party") failed to
comply with the terms of the derivative contract. The credit risk for
exchange-traded derivatives is generally less than for privately negotiated
derivatives, since the clearing house, which is the issuer or counter party to
each exchange-traded derivative, guarantees performance. This guarantee is
supported by a daily payment system (i.e., margin requirements) operated by the
clearing house to reduce overall credit risk. For privately negotiated
derivatives, there is no similar clearing agency guarantee. Therefore, the Fund
considers the creditworthiness of each counter party to a privately negotiated
derivative in evaluating potential credit risk.
Liquidity Risk -- Liquidity risk exists is the possibility that the
Fund will have difficulty buying or selling a particular instrument. If a
derivative transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is
illiquid (as is the case with many privately negotiated derivatives), the Fund
may not be able to initiate a transaction or liquidate a position at an
advantageous price.
Leverage Risk -- Since many derivatives have a leverage component,
adverse changes in the value or level of the underlying asset, rate or index can
result in a loss substantially greater than the amount invested in the
derivative itself. In the case of swaps, the risk of loss generally is related
to a notional principal amount, even if the parties have not made any initial
investment. Certain derivatives have the potential for unlimited loss,
regardless of the size of the initial investment.
Other Risks -- Other risks in using derivatives include the risk of
mispricing or improper valuation and the inability of derivatives to correlate
perfectly with underlying assets, rates, and indices. Many derivatives, in
particular privately negotiated derivatives, are complex and often valued
subjectively. Improper valuations can result in increased cash payment
requirements to counter parties or a loss of value to the Fund. Derivatives do
not always perfectly or even highly correlate or track the value of the assets,
rates or indices they are designed to closely track. Consequently, the Fund's
use of derivatives may not always be an effective means of, and sometimes could
be counterproductive to, furthering the Fund's investment objective.
Options Transactions
Writing Covered Options. The Fund may write (i.e., sell) covered call
and put options. By writing a call option, the Fund becomes obligated during the
term of the option to deliver the securities underlying the option upon payment
of the exercise price. Writing a put option obligates the Fund during the term
of the option to purchase the securities underlying the option at the exercise
price if the option buyer exercises the option. The Fund also may write
straddles (combinations of covered puts and calls on the same underlying
security).
The Fund may only write "covered" options. This means that while the
Fund is obligated as the writer of a call option it will own the underlying
securities subject to the option or, with call options on U.S. Treasury bills,
it might own similar U.S. Treasury bills. If the Fund has written options
against all of its securities that are available for writing options, the Fund
may be unable to write additional options unless it sells some of its portfolio
holdings to obtain new securities against which it can write options. If this
were to occur, higher portfolio turnover and correspondingly greater brokerage
commissions and other transaction costs may result. The Fund does not expect,
however, that this will occur. The Fund will be considered "covered" with
respect to a put option it writes if, while it is obligated as the writer of the
put option, it deposits and maintains with its custodian in a segregated account
liquid assets having a value equal to or greater than the exercise price of the
option.
The principal reason for writing call or put options is to obtain,
through a receipt of premiums, a greater current return than would be realized
on the underlying securities alone. The Fund receives a premium from writing a
call or put option, which it retains whether or not the option is exercised. By
writing a call option, the Fund might lose the potential for gain on the
underlying security while the optionis open, and, by writing a put option, the
Fund might become obligated to purchase the underlying security for more than
its current market price upon exercise.
Purchasing Options. The Fund may purchase put or call options,
including put or call options for offsetting previously written put or call
options of the same series. Once the Fund has written a covered option, it will
continue to hold the segregated securities or assets until it effects a closing
purchase transaction. If the Fund is unable to close the option position, it
must hold the segregated securities or assets until the option expires or is
exercised. An option position may be closed out only in a secondary market for
an option of the same series. Although the Fund generally writes only those
options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no
assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option at
any particular time, and, for some options, no secondary market may exist. In
such event, effecting a closing transaction for a particular option might not be
possible.
Options on some securities are relatively new, and predicting how much
trading interest there will be for such options is impossible. There can be no
assurance that viable markets will develop or continue. The failure of such
markets to develop or continue could significantly impair the Fund's ability to
use such options to achieve its investment objective.
Options Trading Markets. The Fund trades in options that are generally
listed on national securities exchanges, currently including the Chicago Board
Options Exchange and the New York, American, Pacific and Philadelphia Stock
Exchanges. Options on some securities are traded in the over-the-counter market,
and may not be listed on any exchange. Options traded in the over-the-counter
market involve a greater risk that the securities dealers participating in the
transactions could fail to meet their obligations to the Fund. Certain state
authorities may limit the use of options traded in the over-the-counter market.
The Fund will include the premiums it has paid for the purchase of
unlisted options and the value of securities used to cover options it has
written for purposes of calculating whether the Fund has complied with its
policies on illiquid securities.
Futures Transactions and Related Options Transactions
The Fund intends to enter into financial futures contracts as a hedge
against changes in prevailing levels of interest rates to seek relative
stability of principal and to establish more definitely the effective return on
securities held or intended to be acquired by the Fund or as a hedge against
changes in the prices of securities held by the Fund or to be acquired by the
Fund. The Fund's hedging may include sales of futures as an offset against the
effect of expected increases in interest rates or securities prices and
purchases of futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in
interest rates.
For example, when the Fund anticipates a significant market or market
sector advance, it will purchase a stock index futures contract as a hedge
against not participating in such advance at a time when the Fund is not fully
invested. The purchase of a futures contract serves as a temporary substitute
for the purchase of individual securities which may then be purchased in an
orderly fashion. As such purchases are made, an equivalent amount of index based
futures contracts would be terminated by offsetting sales. In contrast, the Fund
would sell stock index futures contracts in anticipation of or in a general
market or market sector decline that may adversely affect the market value of
the Fund's portfolio. To the extent that the Fund's portfolio changes in value
in correlation with a given index, the sale of futures contracts on that index
would substantially reduce the risk to the portfolio of a market decline or
change in interest rates, and, by doing so, provide an alternative to the
liquidation of the Fund's securities positions and the resulting transaction
costs.
The Fund intends to engage in options transactions which are related to
financial futures contracts for hedging purposes and in connection with the
hedging strategies described above.
Although techniques other than sales and purchases of futures contracts
and related options transactions could be used to reduce the Fund's exposure to
interest rate and/or market fluctuations, the Fund may be able to hedge its
exposure more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost through using futures
contracts and related options transactions. While the Fund does not intend to
take delivery of the instruments underlying futures contracts it holds, the Fund
does not intend to engage in such futures contracts for speculation.
Futures Contracts. Futures contracts are transactions in the
commodities markets rather than in the securities markets. A futures contract
creates an obligation by the seller to deliver to the buyer the commodity
specified in the contract at a specified future time for a specified price. The
futures contract creates an obligation by the buyer to accept delivery from the
seller of the commodity specified at the specified future time for the specified
price. In contrast, a spot transaction creates an immediate obligation for the
seller to deliver and the buyer to accept delivery of and pay for an identified
commodity. In general, futures contracts involve transactions in fungible goods
such as wheat, coffee and soybeans. However, in the last decade an increasing
number of futures contracts have been developed which specify financial
instruments or financially based indexes as the underlying commodity.
U.S. futures contracts are traded only on national futures exchanges
and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument.
The principal financial futures exchanges in the United States are The Board of
Trade of the City of Chicago, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the International
Monetary Market (a division of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange), the New York
Futures Exchange and the Kansas City Board of Trade. Each exchange guarantees
performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a
nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership, which is also
responsible for handling daily accounting of deposits or withdrawals of margin.
A futures commission merchant ("Broker") effects each transaction in connection
with futures contracts for a commission. Futures exchanges and trading are
regulated under the Commodity Exchange Act by the Commodity Futures Trading
Commission ("CFTC") and National Futures Association ("NFA").
Interest Rate Futures Contracts. The sale of an interest rate futures
contract creates an obligation by the Fund, as seller, to deliver the type of
financial instrument specified in the contract at a specified future time for a
specified price. The purchase of an interest rate futures contract creates an
obligation by the Fund, as purchaser, to accept delivery of the type of
financial instrument specified at a specified future time for a specified price.
The specific securities delivered or accepted, respectively, at settlement date,
are not determined until at or near that date. The determination is in
accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or
purchase was made.
Currently, interest rate futures contracts can be purchased or sold on
90-day U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury notes with
maturities between 6 1/2 and 10 years, Government National Mortgage Association
(GNMA) certificates, 90-day domestic bank certificates of deposit, 90-day
commercial paper, and 90-day Eurodollar certificates of deposit. It is expected
that futures contracts trading in additional financial instruments will be
authorized. The standard contract size is $100,000 for futures contracts in U.S.
Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury notes and GNMA certificates, and $1,000,000 for
the other designated contracts. While U.S. Treasury bonds, U.S. Treasury bills
and U.S. Treasury notes are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S.
government and GNMA certificates are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency, the
futures contracts in U.S. government securities are not obligations of the U.S.
Treasury.
Index Based Futures Contracts, Other Than Stock Index Based. It is
expected that bond index and other financially based index futures contracts
will be developed in the future. It is anticipated that such index based futures
contracts will be structured in the same way as stock index futures contracts
but will be measured by changes in interest rates, related indexes or other
measures, such as the consumer price index. In the event that such futures
contracts are developed, the Fund will sell interest rate index and other index
based futures contracts to hedge against changes which are expected to affect
the Fund's portfolios.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or
sale of a security, in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, to
initiate trading an amount of cash, cash equivalents, money market instruments,
or U.S. Treasury bills equal to approximately 1 1/2% (up to 5%) of the contract
amount must be deposited by the Fund with the Broker. This amount is known as
initial margin. The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is
different from that of margin in security transactions. Futures contract margin
does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the
transactions. Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond
or good faith deposit on the contract which is returned to the Fund upon
termination of the futures contract assuming all contractual obligations have
been satisfied. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by
the exchange on which the contract is traded and may be significantly modified
from time to time by the exchange during the term of the contract.
Subsequent payments, called variation margin, to the Broker and from
the Broker, are made on a daily basis as the value of the underlying instrument
or index fluctuates making the long and short positions in the futures contract
more or less valuable, a process known as mark-to-market. For example, when the
Fund has purchased a futures contract and the price of the underlying financial
instrument or index has risen, that position will have increased in value, and
the Fund will receive from the Broker a variation margin payment equal to that
increase in value. Conversely, where the Fund has purchased a futures contract
and the price of the underlying financial instrument or index has declined, the
position would be less valuable and the Fund would be required to make a
variation margin payment to the Broker. At any time prior to expiration of the
futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position. A final
determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to
be paid to or released by the Broker, and the Fund realizes a loss or gain.
The Trust intends to enter into arrangements with its custodian and
with Brokers to enable the initial margin of the Fund and any variation margin
to be held in a segregated account by its custodian on behalf of the Broker.
Although interest rate futures contracts by their terms call for actual
delivery or acceptance of financial instruments, and index based futures
contracts call for the delivery of cash equal to the difference between the
closing value of the index on the expiration date of the contract and the price
at which the futures contract is originally made, in most cases such futures
contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking
of delivery. Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by an offsetting
transaction in which the Fund enters into a futures contract purchase for the
same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument or index and
same delivery date. If the price in the sale exceeds the price in the offsetting
purchase, the Fund is paid the difference and thus realizes a gain. If the
offsetting purchase price exceeds the sale price, the Fund pays the difference
and realizes a loss. Similarly, the closing out of a futures contract purchase
is effected by an offsetting transaction in which the Fund enters into a futures
contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the Fund
realizes a gain. If the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price the
Fund realizes a loss. The amount of the Fund's gain or loss on any transaction
is reduced or increased, respectively, by the amount of any transaction costs
incurred by the Fund.
As an example of an offsetting transaction, the contractual obligations
arising from the sale of one contract of September U.S. Treasury bills on an
exchange may be fulfilled at any time before delivery of the contract is
required (i.e. on a specified date in September, the "delivery month") by the
purchase of one contract of September U.S. Treasury bills on the same exchange.
In such instance the difference between the price at which the futures contract
was sold and the price paid for the offsetting purchase, after allowance for
transaction costs, represents the profit or loss to the Fund.
There can be no assurance, however, that the Fund will be able to enter
into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular contract at a
particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting
transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin
deposits on the contract and to complete the contract according to its terms.
Options on Financial Futures. The Fund intends to purchase call and put
options on financial futures contracts and sell such options to terminate an
existing position. Options on futures are similar to options on stocks except
that an option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return
for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract (a long
position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put)
rather than to purchase or sell stock at a specified exercise price at any time
during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of
the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option
will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writer's
futures margin account. This amount represents the amount by which the market
price of the futures contract at exercise exceeds, in the case of a call, or is
less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option on the futures
contract. If an option is exercised the last trading day prior to the expiration
date of the option, the settlement will be made entirely in cash equal to the
difference between the exercise price of the option and value of the futures
contract.
The Fund intends to use options on financial futures contracts in
connection with hedging strategies. In the future the Fund may use such options
for other purposes.
Purchase of Put Options on Futures Contracts. The purchase of
protective put options on financial futures contracts is analogous to the
purchase of protective puts on individual stocks, where an absolute level of
protection is sought below which no additional economic loss would be incurred
by the Fund. Put options may be purchased to hedge a portfolio of stocks or debt
instruments or a position in the futures contract upon which the put option is
based.
Purchase of Call Options on Futures Contracts. The purchase of call
options on financial futures contracts represents a means of obtaining temporary
exposure to market appreciation at limited risk. It is analogous to the purchase
of a call option on an individual stock, which can be used as a substitute for a
position in the stock itself. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to
either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the price of the
underlying financial instrument or index itself, purchase of a call option may
be less risky than the ownership of the interest rate or index based futures
contract or the underlying securities. Call options on commodity futures
contracts may be purchased to hedge against an interest rate increase or a
market advance when the Fund is not fully invested.
Use of New Investment Techniques Involving Financial Futures Contracts
or Related Options. The Fund may employ new investment techniques involving
financial futures contracts and related options. The Fund intends to take
advantage of new techniques in these areas which may be developed from time to
time and which are consistent with the Fund's investment objective. The Trust
believes that no additional techniques have been identified for employment by
the Fund in the foreseeable future other than those described above.
Limitations on Purchase and Sale of Futures Contracts and Related
Options on Such Futures Contracts. The Fund will not enter into a futures
contract if, as a result thereof, more than 5% of the Fund's total assets (taken
at market value at the time of entering into the contract) would be committed to
margin deposits on such futures contracts, including any premiums paid for
options on futures.
The Fund intends that its futures contracts and related options
transactions will be entered into for traditional hedging purposes. That is,
futures contracts will be sold to protect against a decline in the price of
securities that the Fund owns, or futures contracts will be purchased to protect
the Fund against an increase in the price of securities it intends to purchase.
The Fund does not intend to enter into futures contracts for speculation.
In instances involving the purchase of futures contracts by the Fund,
an amount of cash and cash equivalents, equal to the market value of the futures
contracts will be deposited in a segregated account with the Trust's custodian
and/or in a margin account with a Broker to collateralize the position and
thereby insure that the use of such futures is unleveraged.
Risks of Futures Contracts. Financial futures contracts prices are
volatile and are influenced, among other things, by changes in stock prices,
market conditions, prevailing interest rates and anticipation of future stock
prices, market movements or interest rate changes, all of which in turn are
affected by economic conditions, such as government fiscal and monetary policies
and actions, and national and international political and economic events.
At best, the correlation between changes in prices of futures contracts
and of the securities being hedged can be only approximate. The degree of
imperfection of correlation depends upon circumstances, such as variations in
speculative market demand for futures contracts and for securities, including
technical influences in futures contracts trading; differences between the
securities being hedged and the financial instruments and indexes underlying the
standard futures contracts available for trading, in such respects as interest
rate levels, maturities and creditworthiness of issuers, or identities of
securities comprising the index and those in the Fund's portfolio. In addition,
futures contract transactions involve the remote risk that a party be unable to
fulfill its obligations and that the amount of the obligation will be beyond the
ability of the clearing broker to satisfy. A decision of whether, when and how
to hedge involves the exercise of skill and judgment, and even a well conceived
hedge may be unsuccessful to some degree because of market behavior or
unexpected interest rate trends.
Because of the low margin deposits required, futures trading involves
an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price
movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, as
well as gain, to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase, 10% of
the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a 10% decrease in the
value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin
deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were
then closed out, and a 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the
original margin deposit. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may
result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract.
However, the Fund would presumably have sustained comparable losses if, instead
of entering into the futures contract, it had invested in the underlying
financial instrument. Furthermore, in order to be certain that the Fund has
sufficient assets to satisfy its obligations under a futures contract, the Fund
will establish a segregated account in connection with its futures contracts
which will hold cash or cash equivalents equal in value to the current value of
the underlying instruments or indices less the margins on deposit.
Most U.S. futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation permitted
in futures contract prices during a single trading day. The daily limit
establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary
either up or down from the previous day's settlement price at the end of a
trading session. Once the daily limit has been reached in a particular type of
contract, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The
daily limit governs only price movement during a particular trading day and
therefore does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the
liquidation of unfavorable positions. Futures contract prices have occasionally
moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no
trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of futures positions and
subjecting some futures traders to substantial losses.
Risks of Options on Futures Contracts. In addition to the risks
described above for financial futures contracts, there are several special risks
relating to options on futures contracts. The ability to establish and close out
positions on such options will be subject to the development and maintenance of
a liquid secondary market. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market
will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. The Fund will
not purchase options on any futures contract unless and until it believes that
the market for such options has developed sufficiently that the risks in
connection with such options are not greater than the risks in connection with
the futures contracts. Compared to the use of futures contracts, the purchase of
options on such futures involves less potential risk to the Fund because the
maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction
costs). However, there may be circumstances when the use of an option on a
futures contract would result in a loss to the Fund, even though the use of a
futures contract would not, such as when there is no movement in the level of
the futures contract.
Loans of Securities
To generate income and offset expenses, the Fund may lend portfolio
securities to broker-dealers and other financial institutions. Loans of
securities by the Fund may not exceed 30% of the value of the Fund's total
assets. While securities are on loan, the borrower will pay the Fund any income
accruing on the security. The Fund may invest any collateral it receives in
additional portfolio securities, such as U.S. Treasury notes, certificates of
deposit, other high-grade, short-term obligations or interest bearing cash
equivalents. Gains or losses in the market value of a security lent will affect
the Fund and its shareholders.
When the Fund lends its securities, it will require the borrower to
give the Fund collateral in cash or government securities. The Fund will require
collateral in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of
the securities lent, including accrued interest. The Fund has the right to call
a loan and obtain the securities lent any time on notice of not more than five
business days. The Fund may pay reasonable fees in connection with such loans.
Although voting rights attendant to securities lent pass to the
borrower, the Fund may call such loans at any time and may vote the securities
if it believes a material event affecting the investment is to occur. The Fund
may experience a delay in receiving additional collateral or in recovering the
securities lent or may even suffer a loss of rights in the collateral should the
borrower of the securities fail financially. The Fund may only make loans to
borrowers deemed to be of good standing, under standards approved by the Board
of Trustees, when the income to be earned from the loan justifies the attendant
risks.
Master Demand Notes
Master demand notes are unsecured obligations that permit the
investment of fluctuating amounts by the Fund at varying rates of interest
pursuant to direct arrangements between the Fund, as lender, and the issuer, as
borrower. Master demand notes may permit daily fluctuations in the interest rate
and daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Fund has the right to increase
the amount under the note at any time up to the full amount provided by the note
agreement, or to decrease the amount. The borrower may repay up to the full
amount of the note without penalty. Notes purchased by the Fund permit the Fund
to demand payment of principal and accrued interest at any time (on not more
than seven days' notice). Notes acquired by the Fund may have maturities of more
than one year, provided that (1) the Fund is entitled to payment of principal
and accrued interest upon not more than seven days' notice, and (2) the rate of
interest on such notes is adjusted automatically at periodic intervals, which
normally will not exceed 31 days, but may extend up to one year. The notes are
deemed to have a maturity equal to the longer of the period remaining to the
next interest rate adjustment or the demand notice period. Because these types
of notes are direct lending arrangements between the lender and borrower, such
instruments are not normally traded and there is no secondary market for these
notes, although they are redeemable and thus repayable by the borrower at face
value plus accrued interest at any time. Accordingly, the Fund's right to redeem
is dependent on the ability of the borrower to pay principal and interest on
demand. In connection with master demand note arrangements, the Fund's Adviser
considers, under standards established by the Board of Trustees, earning power,
cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the borrower and will monitor the
ability of the borrower to pay principal and interest on demand. These notes are
not typically rated by credit rating agencies. Unless rated, the Fund may invest
in them only if at the time of an investment the issuer meets the criteria
established for commercial paper discussed in this statement of additional
information (which limits such investments to commercial paper rated A-1 by S&P,
Prime-1 by Moody's or F-1 by Fitch Investors Service, L.P.).
Obligations of Foreign Branches of United States Banks
The obligations of foreign branches of U.S. banks may be general
obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be
limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by government regulation.
Payment of interest and principal upon these obligations may also be affected by
governmental action in the country of domicile of the branch (generally referred
to as sovereign risk). In addition, evidences of ownership of such securities
may be held outside the U.S. and the Fund may be subject to the risks associated
with the holding of such property overseas. Examples of governmental actions
would be the imposition of currency controls, interest limitations, withholding
taxes, seizure of assets or the declaration of a moratorium. Various provisions
of federal law governing domestic branches do not apply to foreign branches of
domestic banks.
Obligations of United States Branches of Foreign Banks
Obligations of U.S. branches of foreign banks may be general
obligations of the parent bank in addition to the issuing branch, or may be
limited by the terms of a specific obligation and by federal and state
regulation as well as by governmental action in the country in which the foreign
bank has its head office. In addition, there may be less publicly available
information about a U.S. branch of a foreign bank than about a domestic bank.
Payment-in-kind Securities
Payment-in-kind ("PIK") securities pay interest in either cash or
additional securities, at the issuer's option, for a specified period. The
issuer's option to pay in additional securities typically ranges from one to six
years, compared to an average maturity for all PIK securities of eleven years.
Call protection and sinking fund features are comparable to those offered on
traditional debt issues.
PIKs, like zero coupon bonds, are designed to give an issuer
flexibility in managing cash flow. Several PIKs are senior debt. In other cases,
where PIKs are subordinated, most senior lenders view them as equity
equivalents.
An advantage of PIKs for the issuer -- as with zero coupon securities
- -- is that interest payments are automatically compounded (reinvested) at the
stated coupon rate, which is not the case with cash-paying securities. However,
PIKs are gaining popularity over zeros since interest payments in additional
securities can be monetized and are more tangible than accretion of a discount.
As a group, PIK bonds trade flat (i.e., without accrued interest).
Their price is expected to reflect an amount representing accreted interest
since the last payment. PIKs generally trade at higher yields than comparable
cash-paying securities of the same issuer. Their premium yield is the result of
the lesser desirability of non-cash interest, the more limited audience for
non-cash paying securities, and the fact that many PIKs have been issued to
equity investors who do not normally own or hold such securities.
Calculating the true yield on a PIK security requires a discounted cash
flow analysis if the security (ex interest) is trading at a premium or a
discount because the realizable value of additional payments is equal to the
current market value of the underlying security, not par.
Regardless of whether PIK securities are senior or deeply subordinated,
issuers are highly motivated to retire them because they are usually their most
costly form of capital.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with entities that are
registered U.S. government securities dealers, including member banks of the
Federal Reserve System having at least $1 billion in assets, primary dealers in
U.S. government securities or other financial institutions believed the Fund's
Adviser to be creditworthy. A repurchase agreement is an agreement by which a
person (e.g., the Fund) obtains a security and simultaneously commits to return
the security to the seller (a member bank of the Federal Reserve System or
recognized securities dealer) at an agreed upon price (including principal and
interest) on an agreed upon date within a number of days (usually not more than
seven) from the date of purchase. The resale price reflects the purchase price
plus an agreed upon market rate of interest which is unrelated to the coupon
rate or maturity of the underlying security. A repurchase agreement involves the
obligation of the seller to pay the agreed upon price, which obligation is in
effect secured by the value of the underlying security.
The Fund or its custodian will take possession of the securities
subject to repurchase agreements, and these securities will be marked to market
daily. To the extent that the original seller does not repurchase the securities
from the Fund, the Fund could receive less than the repurchase price on any sale
of such securities. In the event that such a defaulting seller filed for
bankruptcy or became insolvent, disposition of such securities by the Fund might
be delayed pending court action. The Fund believes that under the regular
procedures normally in effect for custody of the Fund's portfolio securities
subject to repurchase agreements, a court of competent jurisdiction would rule
in favor of the Fund and allow retention or disposition of such securities. The
Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements with banks and other recognized
financial institutions, such as broker-dealers, which are deemed by the Adviser
to be creditworthy pursuant to guidelines established by the Trustees.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
Pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 ("Rule 144A"),
the Board of Trustees of the Trust determines the liquidity of certain
restricted securities. Rule 144A is a non-exclusive, safe-harbor for certain
secondary market transactions involving securities subject to restrictions on
resale under federal securities laws. Rule 144A provides an exemption from
registration for resales of otherwise restricted securities to qualified
institutional buyers. Rule 144A was expected to further enhance the liquidity of
the secondary market for securities eligible for sale under Rule 144A. In
determining the liquidity of certain restricted securities the Trustees
consider: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the
number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of
other potential buyers; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market in the
security; and (iv) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace
trades.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
Under a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund would sell securities
and agree to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price. Reverse
repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities
the Fund is obligated to repurchase may decline below the repurchase price.
U.S. Government Obligations
The types of U.S. government obligations in which the Fund may invest
generally include obligations that the U.S. government agencies or
instrumentalities issued or guaranteed.
These securities are backed by:
(1) the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase
certain obligations of agencies or instrumentalities; or
(2) the credit of the agency or instrumentality issuing the
obligations. Examples of agencies and instrumentalities that may not always
receive financial support from the U.S. government are:
(i) Farm Credit System, including the National Bank for Cooperatives,
Farm Credit Banks and Banks for Cooperatives;
(ii) Farmers Home Administration;
(iii) Federal Home Loan Banks;
(iv) Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation;
(v) Federal National Mortgage Association;
(vi) Government National Mortgage Association; and
(vii) Student Loan Marketing Association
GNMA Securities
The Fund may invest in securities issued by the Government National
Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), a wholly-owned U.S. Government corporation, which
guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest, but not premiums paid
to purchase these instruments. The market value and interest yield of these
instruments can vary due to market interest rate fluctuations and early
prepayments of underlying mortgages. These securities represent ownership in a
pool of federally insured mortgage loans. GNMA certificates consist of
underlying mortgages with a maximum maturity of 30 years. However, due to
scheduled and unscheduled principal payments, GNMA certificates have a shorter
average maturity and, therefore, less principal volatility than a comparable
30-year bond. Since prepayment rates vary widely, it is not possible to
accurately predict the average maturity of a particular GNMA pool. The scheduled
monthly interest and principal payments relating to mortgages in the pool will
be "passed through" to investors. GNMA securities differ from conventional bonds
in that principal is paid back to the certificate holders over the life of the
loan rather than at maturity. As a result, there will be monthly scheduled
payments of principal and interest. In addition, there may be unscheduled
principal payments representing prepayments on the underlying mortgages.
Although GNMA certificates may offer yields higher than those available
from other types of U.S. Government securities, GNMA certificates may be less
effective than other types of securities as a means of "locking in" attractive
long-term rates because of the prepayment feature. For instance, when interest
rates decline, the value of a GNMA certificate likely will not rise as much as
comparable debt securities due to the prepayment feature. In addition, these
prepayments can cause the price of a GNMA certificate originally purchased at a
premium to decline in price compared to its par value, which may result in a
loss.
Mortgage-Backed or Asset-Backed Securities
The Fund may invest in mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed
securities. Two principal types of mortgage-backed securities are collateralized
mortgage obligations ("CMOs") and real estate mortgage investment conduits
("REMICs"). CMOs are securities collateralized by mortgages, mortgage
pass-throughs, mortgage pay-through bonds (bonds representing an interest in a
pool of mortgages where the cash flow generated from the mortgage collateral
pool is dedicated to bond repayment), and mortgage-backed bonds (general
obligations of the issuers payable out of the issuers' general funds and
additionally secured by a first lien on a pool of single family detached
properties). Many CMOs are issued with a number of classes or series which have
different maturities and are retired in sequence.
Investors purchasing CMOs in the shortest maturities receive or are
credited with their pro rata portion of the scheduled payments of interest and
principal on the underlying mortgages plus all unscheduled prepayments of
principal up to a predetermined portion of the total CMO obligation. Until that
portion of such CMO obligation is repaid, investors in the longer maturities
receive interest only. Accordingly, the CMOs in the longer maturity series are
less likely than other mortgage pass-throughs to be prepaid prior to their
stated maturity. Although some of the mortgages underlying CMOs may be supported
by various types of insurance, and some CMOs may be backed by GNMA certificates
or other mortgage pass-throughs issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies
or instrumentalities, the CMOs themselves are not generally guaranteed.
REMICs, which were authorized under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, are
private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages
secured by an interest in real property. REMICs are similar to CMOs in that they
issue multiple classes of securities.
In addition to mortgage-backed securities, the Fund may invest in
securities secured by other assets including company receivables, truck and auto
loans, leases, and credit card receivables. These issues may be traded
over-the-counter and typically have a short-intermediate maturity structure
depending on the pay down characteristics of the underlying financial assets
which are passed through to the security holder.
Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors are
entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit
laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed
on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers of
asset-backed securities backed by automobile receivables permit the servicers of
such receivables to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the
servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that
the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the
rated asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of
vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state
laws, the trustee for the holders of asset-backed securities backed by
automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in all of the
obligations backing such receivables. Therefore, there is the possibility that
recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to
support payments on these securities.
In general, issues of asset-backed securities are structured to include
additional collateral and/or additional credit support to protect against the
risk that a portion of the collateral supporting the asset-backed securities may
default and/or may suffer from these defects. In evaluating the strength of
particular issues of asset-backed securities, the Adviser considers the
financial strength of the guarantor or other provider of credit support, the
type and extent of credit enhancement provided as well as the documentation and
structure of the issue itself and the credit support.
Variable or Floating Rate Instruments
The Fund may invest in variable or floating rate instruments which may
involve a demand feature and may include variable amount master demand notes
which may or may not be backed by bank letters of credit. Variable or floating
rate instruments bear interest at a rate which varies with changes in market
rates. The holder of an instrument with a demand feature may tender the
instrument back to the issuer at par prior to maturity. A variable amount master
demand note is issued pursuant to a written agreement between the issuer and the
holder, its amount may be increased by the holder or decreased by the holder or
issuer, it is payable on demand, and the rate of interest varies based upon an
agreed formula. The quality of the underlying credit must, in the opinion of the
Adviser, be equivalent to the long-term bond or commercial paper ratings
applicable to permitted investments for the Fund. The Adviser will monitor, on
an ongoing basis, the earning power, cash flow, and liquidity ratios of the
issuers of such instruments and will similarly monitor the ability of an issuer
of a demand instrument to pay principal and interest on demand.
When-Issued, Delayed-Delivery and Forward Commitment Transactions
The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery
basis and may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis. These
transactions involve the purchase of debt obligations with delivery and payment
normally take place within a month or more after the date of commitment to
purchase. The Fund will only make commitments to purchase obligations on a
when-issued basis with the intention of actually acquiring the securities, but
may sell them before the settlement date. The when-issued securities are subject
to market fluctuation, and no interest accrues on the security to the purchaser
during this period. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be
received on the securities are each fixed at the time the purchaser enters into
the commitment.
Segregated accounts will be established with the custodian, and the
Fund will maintain liquid assets in an amount at least equal in value to the
Fund's commitments to purchase when-issued securities. If the value of these
assets declines, the Fund will place additional liquid assets in the account on
a daily basis so that the value of the assets in the account is equal to the
amount of such commitments.
Purchasing obligations on a when-issued basis is a form of leveraging
and can involve a risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery
takes place may actually be higher than those obtained in the transaction
itself. In that case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery.
The Fund uses when-issued, delayed-delivery and forward commitment
transactions to secure what it considers to be an advantageous price and yield
at the time of purchase. When the Fund engages in when-issued, delayed-delivery
and forward commitment transactions, it relies on the buyer or seller, as the
case may be, to consummate the sale. If the buyer or seller fails to complete
the sale, then the Fund may miss the opportunity to obtain the security at a
favorable price or yield.
Typically, no income accrues on securities the Fund has committed to
purchase prior to the time delivery of the securities is made, although the Fund
may earn income on securities it has deposited in a segregated account. When
purchasing a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery, or forward commitment
basis, the Fund assumes the rights and risks of ownership of the security,
including the risk of price and yield fluctuations, and takes such fluctuations
into account when determining its net asset value. Because the Fund is not
required to pay for the security until the delivery date, these risks are in
addition to the risks associated with the Fund's other investments.
Zero Coupon "Stripped" Bonds
A zero coupon "stripped" bond represents ownership in serially maturing
interest payments or principal payments on specific underlying notes and bonds,
including coupons relating to such notes and bonds. The interest and principal
payments are direct obligations of the issuer. Coupon zero coupon bonds of any
series mature periodically from the date of issue of such series through the
maturity date of the securities related to such series. Principal zero coupon
bonds mature on the date specified therein, which is the final maturity date of
the related securities. Each zero coupon bond entitles the holder to receive a
single payment at maturity. There are no periodic interest payments on a zero
coupon bond. Zero coupon bonds are offered at discounts from their face amounts.
In general, owners of zero coupon bonds have substantially all the
rights and privileges of owners of the underlying coupon obligations or
principal obligations. Owners of zero coupon bonds have the right upon default
on the underlying coupon obligations or principal obligations to proceed
directly and individually against the issuer and are not required to act in
concert with other holders of zero coupon bonds.
For federal income tax purposes, a purchaser of principal zero coupon
bonds or coupon zero coupon bonds (either initially or in the secondary market)
is treated as if the buyer had purchased a corporate obligation issued on the
purchase date with an original issue discount equal to the excess of the amount
payable at maturity over the purchase price. The purchaser is required to take
into income each year as ordinary income an allocable portion of such discounts
determined on a "constant yield" method. Any such income increases the holder's
tax basis for the zero coupon bond, and any gain or loss on a sale of the zero
coupon bonds relative to the holder's basis, as so adjusted, is a capital gain
or loss. If the holder owns both principal zero coupon bonds and coupon zero
coupon bonds representing interest in the same underlying issue of securities, a
special basis allocation rule (requiring the aggregate basis to be allocated
among the items sold and retained based on their relative fair market value at
the time of sale) may apply to determine the gain or loss on a sale of any such
zero coupon bonds.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS AND GUIDELINES
Fundamental Policies
The Fund has adopted the fundamental investment restrictions set forth
below which may not be changed without the vote of a majority of the Fund's
outstanding shares, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940
Act"). Unless otherwise stated, all references to the assets of the Fund are in
terms of current market value.
Diversification
The Fund may not make any investment that is inconsistent with its
classification as a diversified investment company under the 1940 Act.
Concentration
The Fund may not concentrate its investments in the securities of
issuers primarily engaged in any particular industry (other than securities
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or
instrumentalities).
Issuing Senior Securities
Except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not issue senior
securities.
Borrowing
The Fund may not borrow money, except to the extent permitted by
applicable law.
Underwriting Securities Issued by Other Persons
The Fund may not underwrite securities of other issuers, except insofar
as the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter in connection with the
disposition of its portfolio securities.
Real Estate
The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate, except that, to the
extent permitted by applicable law, the Fund may invest in (a) securities that
are directly or indirectly secured by real estate, or (b) securities issued by
companies that invest in real estate.
Commodities
The Fund may not purchase or sell commodities or contracts on
commodities, except to the extent that the Fund may engage in financial futures
contacts and related options and currency contracts and related options and may
otherwise do so in accordance with applicable law and without registering as a
commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act.
Loans to Other Persons
The Fund may not make loans to other persons, except that the Fund may
lend its portfolio securities in accordance with applicable law. The acquisition
of investment securities or other investment instruments shall not be deemed to
be the making of a loan. The Fund does not consider the acquisition of
investment instruments in accordance with the Fund's prospectus and statement of
additional information to be the making of a loan.
Guidelines
Unlike the Fundamental Policies above, to the extent permitted by law,
the following guidelines may be changed by the Trust's Board of Trustees without
shareholder approval. Unless otherwise stated, all references to the assets of
a Fund are in terms of current market value.
Diversification
To remain classified as a diversified investment company under the 1940
Act, the Fund must conform with the following: With respect to the 75% of its
total assets, a diversified investment company may not invest more than 5% of
its total assets, determined at market or other fair value at the time of
purchase, in the securities of any one issuer, or invest in more than 10% of the
outstanding voting securities of any one issuer, determined at the time of
purchase. These limitations do not apply to investments in securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies or instrumentalities.
Borrowings
The Fund may borrow money from banks or enter into reverse repurchase
agreements in an amount up to one third of its total assets. The Fund may also
borrow an additional 5% of its total assets from banks or others. The Fund may
borrow only as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes. The
Fund will not purchase securities while borrowings are outstanding except to
exercise prior commitments and to exercise subscription rights. The Fund may
obtain such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases
and sales of portfolio securities. The Fund may purchase securities on margin
and engage in short sales to the extent permitted by applicable law.
Illiquid securities
The Fund may not invest more than 15% of its net assets in securities
that are Illiquid. A security is Illiquid when the Fund may not dispose of it in
the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the value at
which the Fund has the investment on its books.
Investment in other investment companies
The Fund may purchase the shares of other investment companies to the
extent permitted under the 1940 Act. Currently, the Fund may not (1) own more
than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of another investment company, (2)
invest more than 5% of its assets in any single investment company, and (3)
invest more than 10% of its assets in investment companies. However, the Fund
may invest all of its investable assets in securities of a single open-end
management investment company with substantially the same fundamental investment
objectives, policies and limitations as the Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
Set forth below are the Trustees and officers of the Trust and their
principal occupations and some of their affiliations over the last five years.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each Trustee and officer is 200
Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02116. Each Trustee is also a Trustee of
each of the other Trusts in the Evergreen Fund complex, other than Evergreen
Variable Trust, of which Messrs. Howell, Salton and Scofield are the only
Trustees.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
Name Position with Trust Principal Occupations for Last Five Years
- ------------------------------ -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
Laurence B. Ashkin Trustee Real estate developer and construction consultant;
and President of Centrum Equities and Centrum
(DOB: 2/2/28) Properties, Inc.
22731
17
<PAGE>
Name Position with Trust Principal Occupations for Last Five Years
- ------------------------------ -------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
Charles A. Austin III Trustee Investment Counselor to Appleton Partners, Inc.;
(DOB: 10/23/34) and former Managing Director, Seaward
Management Corporation (investment advice).
K. Dun Gifford Trustee Trustee, Treasurer and Chairman of the Finance
(DOB: 10/12/38) Committee, Cambridge College; Chairman Emeritus
and Director, American Institute of Food and Wine;
Chairman and President, Oldways Preservation and
Exchange Trust (education); former Chairman of
the Board, Director, and Executive Vice President,
The London Harness Company; former Managing
Partner, Roscommon Capital Corp.; former Chief
Executive Officer, Gifford Gifts of Fine Foods;
former Chairman, Gifford, Drescher & Associates
(environmental consulting); and former Director,
Keystone Investments, Inc.
James S. Howell Chairman of the Former Chairman of the Distribution Foundation for
(DOB: 8/13/24) Board of Trustees the Carolinas; and former Vice President of Lance
Inc. (food manufacturing).
Leroy Keith, Jr. Trustee Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer,
(DOB: 2/14/39) Carson Products Company; Director of Phoenix
Total Return Fund and Equifax, Inc.; Trustee of
Phoenix Series Fund, Phoenix Multi-Portfolio Fund,
and The Phoenix Big Edge Series Fund; and former
President, Morehouse College.
Gerald M. McDonnell Trustee Sales Representative with Nucor-Yamoto, Inc.
(DOB: 7/14/39) (steel producer).
Thomas L. McVerry Trustee Former Vice President and Director of Rexham
(DOB: 8/2/39) Corporation; and former Director of Carolina
Cooperative Federal Credit Union.
*William Walt Pettit Trustee Partner in the law firm of Holcomb and Pettit, P.A.
(DOB: 8/26/55)
David M. Richardson Trustee Vice Chair and former Executive Vice President,
(DOB: 9/14/41) DHR International, Inc. (executive recruitment);
former Senior Vice President, Boyden International
Inc. (executive recruitment); and Director,
Commerce and Industry Association of New
Jersey, 411 International, Inc., and J&M Cumming
Paper Co.
Russell A. Salton, III Trustee Medical Director, U.S. Health Care/Aetna Health
MD (DOB: 6/2/47) Services; and former Managed Health Care
Consultant; former President, Primary Physician
Care.
Michael S. Scofield Trustee Attorney, Law Offices of Michael S. Scofield.
(DOB: 2/20/43)
Richard J. Shima Trustee Chairman, Environmental Warranty, Inc. (insurance
(DOB: 8/11/39) agency); Executive Consultant, Drake Beam Morin,
Inc. (executive outplacement); Director of
Connecticut Natural Gas Corporation, Hartford
Hospital, Old State House Association, Middlesex
Mutual Assurance Company, and Enhance
Financial Services, Inc.; Chairman, Board of
Trustees, Hartford Graduate Center; Trustee,
Greater Hartford YMCA; former Director, Vice
Chairman and Chief Investment Officer, The
Travelers Corporation; former Trustee, Kingswood-
Oxford School; and former Managing Director and
Consultant, Russell Miller, Inc.
John J. Pileggi, 230 President and Senior Managing Director, Furman Selz LLC since
Park Avenue, Suite Treasurer 1992; Managing Director from 1984 to 1992;
910 New York, New Consultant to BISYS Fund Services since 1996.
York
George O. Martinez, Secretary Senior Vice President and Director of
3435 Stelzer Road Administration and Regulatory Services, BISYS
Columbus, Ohio Fund Services; Vice President/Assistant General
Counsel, Alliance Capital Management from 1988.
</TABLE>
*This Trustee may be considered an interested trustee within the meaning of the
1940 Act.
The officers of the Trust are all officers and/or employees of The
BISYS Group, Inc. ("BISYS"), except for Mr. Pileggi, who is a consultant to
BISYS.
Listed below is the estimated Trustee compensation for the twelve-
month period ended February 28, 1998.
COMPENSATION TABLE
Total
Compensation
Aggregate From Registrant
Compensation And Fund Complex
Trustee From Registrant Paid To Directors
Laurence B. Ashkin $743 $ 68,673
Charles A. Austin $743 $ 43,312
K. Dun Gifford $679 $ 38,818
James S. Howell $999 $107,167
Leroy Keith Jr. $679 $ 39,218
Gerald M. McDonnell $679 $ 94,014
Thomas L. McVerry $884 $ 96,065
William Walt Petit $679 $ 91,709
David M. Richardson $743 $ 43,312
Russell A. Salton, III $679 $ 93,651
Michael S. Scofield $679 $ 90,815
Richard J. Shima $679 $ 63,333
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT ADVISER
The First Capital Group of FUNB is the investment adviser (the
"Adviser") to the Fund. FUNB is a subsidiary of First Union Corporation, a bank
holding company headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. First Union
Corporation and its subsidiaries provide a broad range of financial services to
individuals and businesses throughout the United States. First Union Corporation
and FUNB are located at 201 South College Street, Charlotte North Carolina 28288
Pursuant to the advisory agreement (the "Advisory Agreement") between
the Trust and the Adviser, and subject to the supervision of the Trust's Board
of Trustees, the Adviser furnishes to the Fund investment advisory, management
and administrative services, office facilities, and equipment in connection with
its services for managing the investment and reinvestment of the Fund's assets.
The Adviser pays for all of the expenses incurred in connection with the
provision of its services.
All charges and expenses, other than those specifically referred to as
being borne by the Adviser, including, but not limited to, (1) custodian charges
and expenses; (2) bookkeeping and independent auditors' charges and expenses;
(3) transfer agent charges and expenses; (4) fees and expenses of Independent
Trustees; (5) brokerage commissions, brokers' fees and expenses; (6) issue and
transfer taxes; (7) costs and expenses under the Distribution Plan; (8) taxes
and trust fees payable to governmental agencies; (9) the cost of share
certificates; (10) fees and expenses of the registration and qualification of
such Fund and its shares with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") or
under state or other securities laws; (11) expenses of preparing, printing and
mailing prospectuses, statements of additional information, notices, reports and
proxy materials to shareholders of such Fund; (12) expenses of shareholders' and
Trustees' meetings; (13) charges and expenses of legal counsel for such Fund and
for the Independent Trustees of the Trust on matters relating to such Fund; and
(14) charges and expenses of filing annual and other reports with the SEC and
other authorities; and all extraordinary charges and expenses of such Fund.
The Fund pays the Adviser a fee for its services equal to 0.30% of
average net assets. The Adviser, however, has voluntarily agreed to reduce its
fee by 0.10%, resulting in a net advisory fee of 0.20%.
Under the Advisory Agreement, any liability of the Adviser in
connection with rendering services thereunder is limited to situations involving
its willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of
its duties.
The Advisory Agreement continues in effect for two years from its
effective date and, thereafter, from year to year only if approved at least
annually by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by a vote of a majority of the
Fund's outstanding shares (as defined in the 1940 Act). In either case, the
terms of the Advisory Agreement and continuance thereof must be approved by the
vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees (Trustees who are not interested
persons of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, and who have no direct or
indirect financial interest in the Fund's Distribution Plan or any agreement
related thereto) cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on
such approval. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated, without penalty, on 60
days' written notice by the Trust's Board of Trustees or by a vote of a majority
of outstanding shares. The Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically upon
its "assignment" as that term is defined in the 1940 Act.
DISTRIBUTOR
Evergreen Distributor, Inc. (the "Distributor") markets the Fund
through broker-dealers and other financial representatives. Its address is 125
55th Street, New York, NY 10019.
DISTRIBUTION PLAN
Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act permits investment mutual funds to use
their assets to pay for distributing their shares. However, to take advantage of
Rule 12b-1, the 1940 Act requires that mutual funds comply with various
conditions, including adopting a distribution plan. The Fund has adopted a
distribution plan for its Institutional Service Shares (the "Plan") that permits
the Fund to deduct up to 0.25% of the Institutional Service class' average net
assets to pay for shareholder services. The Board of Trustees, including a
majority of the Independent Trustees has approved the Plan.
The National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. ("NASD") limits
the amount that a mutual fund may pay annually in distribution costs for sale of
its shares and shareholder service fees. The NASD limits annual expenditures to
1.00% of the aggregate average daily net asset value of its shares, of which
0.75% may be used to pay such distribution costs and 0.25% may be used to pay
shareholder service fees. The NASD also limits the aggregate amount that the
Fund may pay for such distribution costs to 6.25% of gross share sales since the
inception of the distribution plan, plus interest at the prime rate plus 1.00%
on such amounts remaining unpaid from time to time.
The Independent Trustees or a majority of the outstanding voting shares
of the Fund's Institutional Service Class may terminate the Plan.
The Fund cannot change the Plan in a way that materially increases the
distribution expenses of the Institutional Service Class without obtaining
shareholder approval. Otherwise, the Trustees may amend the Plan.
Management must report the amounts and purposes of expenditures under
the Plan to the Independent Trustees quarterly.
While the Institutional Service Distribution Plan is in effect, the
Fund will be required to commit the selection and nomination of candidates for
Independent Trustees to the discretion of the Independent Trustees.
The Independent Trustees of the Trust have determined that the Fund
will benefit from the Institutional Service shares distribution plan.
ADDITIONAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
Administrator
Evergreen Investment Services, Inc. ("EIS") serves as administrator to
the Fund, subject to the supervision and control of the Trust's Board of
Trustees. EIS provides the Fund with facilities, equipment and personnel and is
entitled to receiive a fee based on the aggregate average daily net assets of
the Fund based on the total assets of all mutual funds advised by First Union
subsidiaries. EIS' fee is calculated in accordance with the following schedule:
0.60% on the first $7 billion; 0.0425% on the next $3 billion; 0.035% on the
next $5 billion; 0.025% on the next $10 billion; 0.019% on the next $5 billion
and 0.014% on assets in excess of $30 billion.
Transfer Agent
Evergreen Service Company ("ESC"), a subsidiary of First Union
Corporation, is the Fund's transfer agent. The transfer agent issues and redeems
shares, pays dividends and performs other duties in connection with the
maintenance of shareholder accounts. The transfer agent's address is 200
Berkeley Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.
Independent auditors
Price Waterhouse LLP audits the Fund's financial statement. The
auditor's address is 160 Federal Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110.
Custodian
State Street Bank and Trust Company is the Fund's custodian. The bank
keeps custody of the Fund's securities and cash and performs other related
duties. The custodian's address is Box 9021, Boston, Massachusetts 02205-9827.
BROKERAGE ALLOCATION AND OTHER PRACTICES
SELECTION OF BROKERS
In effecting transactions in portfolio securities for the Fund, the
Adviser seeks the best execution of orders at the most favorable prices. The
Adviser determines whether a broker has provided the Fund with best execution
and price in the execution of a securities transaction by evaluating, among
other things, the broker's ability to execute large or potentially difficult
transactions, and the financial strength and stability of the broker.
BROKERAGE COMMISSIONS
The Fund expects to buy and sell its fixed-income securities through
principal transactions that is directly from the issuer or from an underwriter
or market maker for the securities. Generally, the Fund will not pay brokerage
commissions for such purchases. Usually, when the Fund buys a security from an
underwriter, the purchase price will include underwriting commission or
concession. The purchase price for securities bought from dealers serving as
market makers will similarly include the dealer's mark up or reflect a dealer's
mark down. When the Fund executes transactions in the over-the-counter market,
it will deal with primary market makers unless more favorable prices are
otherwise obtainable.
GENERAL BROKERAGE POLICIES
The Adviser makes investment decisions for the Fund independently from
those of its other clients. It may frequently develop, however, that the Adviser
will make the same investment decision for more than one client. Simultaneous
transactions are inevitable when the same security is suitable for the
investment objective of more than one account. When two or more of its clients
are engaged in the purchase or sale of the same security, the Adviser will
allocate the transactions according to a formula that is equitable to each of
its clients. Although, in some cases, this system could have a detrimental
effect on the price or volume of the Fund's securities, the Fund believes that
in other cases its ability to participate in volume transactions will produce
better executions. In order to take advantage of the availability of lower
purchase prices, the Fund may occasionally participate in group bidding for the
direct purchase from an issuer of certain securities.
The Board of Trustees periodically reviews the Fund's brokerage policy.
Because of the possibility of further regulatory developments affecting the
securities exchanges and brokerage practices generally, the Board of Trustees
may change, modify or eliminate any of the foregoing practices.
TRUST ORGANIZATION
FORM OF ORGANIZATION
The Trust was formed as a Delaware business trust on September 17, 1997
(the "Declaration of Trust"). A copy of the Declaration of Trust is on file as
an exhibit to the Trust's Registration Statement, of which this statement of
additional information is a part. This summary is qualified in its entirety by
reference to the Declaration of Trust.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number
of shares of beneficial interest of series and classes of shares. Each share of
the Fund represents an equal proportionate interest with each other share of
that series and/or class. Upon liquidation, shares are entitled to a pro rata
share of the Trust based on the relative net assets of each series and/or class.
Shareholders have no preemptive or conversion rights. Shares are redeemable and
transferable.
VOTING RIGHTS
Under the terms of the Declaration of Trust, the Trust is not required
to hold annual meetings. However, the Trust intends to hold meetings at least
annually. At meetings called for the initial election of Trustees or to consider
other matters, shares are entitled to one vote per share. Shares generally vote
together as one class on all matters. Classes of shares of the Fund have equal
voting rights. No amendment may be made to the Declaration of Trust that
adversely affects any class of shares without the approval of a majority of the
shares of that class. Shares have non-cumulative voting rights, which means that
the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of Trustees
can elect 100% of the Trustees to be elected at a meeting and, in such event,
the holders of the remaining 50% or less of the shares voting will not be able
to elect any Trustees.
After the initial meeting as described above, no further meetings of
shareholders for the purpose of electing Trustees will be held, unless required
by law, unless and until such time as less than a majority of the Trustees
holding office have been elected by shareholders, at which time, the Trustees
then in office will call a shareholders' meeting for the election of Trustees.
LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES' LIABILITY
The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee will not be liable for
errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law, but nothing in the Declaration of
Trust protects a Trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be
subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or
reckless disregard of his duties involved in the conduct of his office.
PURCHASE, REDEMPTION AND PRICING OF FUND SHARES
EXCHANGES
Investors may exchange shares of the Fund for shares of the same class
of any other Evergreen "Select" fund, as described under Exchanges in the Fund's
prospectus. Before you make an exchange, you should read the prospectus of the
"Select" fund into which you wish to exchange. The Trust reserves the right to
discontinue, alter or limit the exchange privilege at any time.
HOW THE FUND VALUES SHARES
How and When the Fund Calculates Its Net Asset Value Per Share ("NAV")
The Fund computes its net asset value once daily on Monday through
Friday, as described in the Prospectus. The Fund will not compute its net asset
value on days on which there have been no purchases or sales of its shares.
Also, the Fund will not compute its NAV on the day the following legal holidays
are observed: New Year's Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents' Day, Good
Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and
Christmas Day.
Each class of shares of the Fund calculates its net asset value per
share by adding up its investments and other assets, subtracting its liabilities
and then dividing the result by the number of shares outstanding.
How the Fund Values Securities It Owns
Current values for the Fund's portfolio securities are determined in
the following manner:
(1) securities that are traded on a national securities exchange or the
over-the-counter National Market System ("NMS") are valued on the basis
of the last sales price on the exchange where primarily traded or NMS
prior to the time of the valuation, provided that a sale has occurred;
(2) securities traded in the over-the-counter market, other than on NMS
are valued at the mean of the bid and asked prices at the time of
valuation;
(3) short-term investments maturing in more than sixty days for which
market quotations are readily available, are valued at current market
value;
(4) short-term investments maturing in sixty days or less (including
all master demand notes) are valued at amortized cost (original
purchase cost as adjusted for amortization of premium or accretion of
discount), which, when combined with accrued interest, approximates
market;
(5) short-term investments maturing in more than sixty days when
purchased that are held on the sixtieth day prior to maturity are
valued at amortized cost (market value on the sixtieth day adjusted for
amortization of premium or accretion of discount), which, when combined
with accrued interest, approximates market; and
(6) securities, including restricted securities, for which complete
quotations are not readily available; listed securities or those on NMS
if, in the Fund's opinion, the last sales price does not reflect a
current market value or if no sale occurred; and other assets are
valued at prices deemed in good faith to be fair under procedures
established by the Board of Trustees.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
As described in the prospectus, a shareholder may elect to receive
their dividends and capital gains distributions in cash instead of shares.
However, ESC will automatically convert a shareholder's distribution option so
that the shareholder reinvests all dividends and distributions in additional
shares when it learns that the postal or other delivery service is unable to
deliver checks or transaction confirmations to the shareholder's address of
record. The Fund will hold the returned distribution or redemption proceeds in a
non interest-bearing account in the shareholder's name until the shareholder
updates their address. Therefore, no interest will accrue on amounts represented
by uncashed distribution or redemption checks
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
The Distributor is the principal underwriter for the Trust and with
respect to each class of the Fund. The Trust has entered into a Principal
Underwriting Agreement ( "Underwriting Agreement") with the Distributor with
respect to each class of the Fund. The Distributor is a subsidiary of The BISYS
Group, Inc.
The Distributor, as agent, has agreed to use its best efforts to find
purchasers for the shares. The Distributor may retain and employ representatives
to promote distribution of the shares and may obtain orders from broker-dealers,
and others, acting as principals, for sales of shares to them. The Underwriting
Agreement provides that the Distributor will bear the expense of preparing,
printing, and distributing advertising and sales literature and prospectuses
used by it.
All subscriptions and sales of shares by the Distributor are at the
public offering price of the shares, which is determined in accordance with the
provisions of the Trust's Declaration of Trust, By-Laws, current prospectuses
and statement of additional information. All orders are subject to acceptance by
the respective Fund and the Fund reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to
reject any order received. Under the Underwriting Agreement, the Fund is not
liable to anyone for failure to accept any order.
The Distributor has agreed that it will, in all respects, duly conform
with all state and federal laws applicable to the sale of the shares. The
Distributor has also agreed that it will indemnify and hold harmless the Trust
and each person who has been, is, or may be a Trustee or officer of the Trust
against expenses reasonably incurred by any of them in connection with any
claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which any of them may be a party that
arises out of or is alleged to arise out of any misrepresentation or omission to
state a material fact on the part of the Distributor or any other person for
whose acts the Distributor is responsible or is alleged to be responsible,
unless such misrepresentation or omission was made in reliance upon written
information furnished by the Trust.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that it will remain in effect as
long as its terms and continuance are approved annually (i) by a vote of a
majority of the Trust's Independent Trustees, and (ii) by vote of a majority of
the Trust's Trustees, in each case, cast in person at a meeting called for that
purpose.
The Underwriting Agreement may be terminated, without penalty, on 60
days' written notice by the Board of Trustees or by a vote of a majority of
outstanding shares subject to such agreement. The Underwriting Agreement will
terminate automatically upon its "assignment," as that term is defined in the
1940 Act.
From time to time, if, in the Distributor's judgment, it could benefit
the sales of shares, the Distributor may provide to selected broker-dealers
promotional materials and selling aids, including, but not limited to, personal
computers, related software, and data files.
CALCULATION OF PERFORMANCE DATA
Total return quotations for a class of shares of the Fund as they may
appear from time to time in advertisements are calculated by finding the average
annual compounded rates of return over one, five and ten year periods, or the
time periods for which such class of shares has been effective, whichever is
relevant, on a hypothetical $1,000 investment that would equate the initial
amount invested in the class to the ending redeemable value. To the initial
investment all dividends and distributions are added, and all recurring fees
charged to all shareholder accounts are deducted. The ending redeemable value
assumes a complete redemption at the end of the relevant periods.
Current yield quotations as they may appear, from time to time, in
advertisements will consist of a quotation based on a 30-day period ended on the
date of the most recent balance sheet of the Fund, computed by dividing the net
investment income per share earned during the period by the maximum offering
price per share on the last day of the base period.
Any given yield or total return quotation should not be considered
representative of the Fund's yield or total return for any future period.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Except as otherwise stated in its prospectus or required by law, the
Fund reserves the right to change the terms of the offer stated in its
prospectus without shareholder approval, including the right to impose or change
fees for services provided.
No dealer, salesman or other person is authorized to give any
information or to make any representation not contained in the Fund's
prospectus, statement of additional information or in supplemental sales
literature issued by such Fund or the Distributor, and no person is entitled to
rely on any information or representation not contained therein.
The Fund's prospectus and 0SAI omit certain information contained in
its registration statement, which may be obtained for a fee from the SEC in
Washington, D.C.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited statement of assets and liabilities and the report thereon
of Price Waterhouse LLP for the Fund will be filed by amendment.
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APPENDIX A
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CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
S&P Corporate Bond Ratings
A. Corporate Bond Ratings
An S&P corporate bond rating is a current assessment of the
creditworthiness of an obligor, including obligors outside the U.S., with
respect to a specific obligation. This assessment may take into consideration
obligors such as guarantors, insurers or lessees. Ratings of foreign obligors do
not take into account currency exchange and related uncertainties. The ratings
are based on current information furnished by the issuer or obtained by S&P from
other sources it considers reliable.
The ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following
considerations:
a. Likelihood of default and capacity and willingness of the obligor as
to the timely payment of interest and repayment of principal in accordance with
the terms of the obligation;
b. Nature of and provisions of the obligation; and
c. Protection afforded by and relative position of the obligation in
the event of bankruptcy reorganization or other arrangement under the laws of
bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors' rights.
PLUS (+) OR MINUS (-): To provide more detailed indications of credit
quality, ratings from "AA" to "BBB" may be modified by the addition of a plus or
minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
A provisional rating is sometimes used by S&P. It assumes the
successful completion of the project being financed by the debt being rated and
indicates that payment of debt service requirements is largely or entirely
dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the project. This rating,
however, while addressing credit quality subsequent to completion of the
project, makes no comment on the likelihood of, or the risk of default upon
failure of, such completion.
B. Bond ratings are as follows:
a. AAA - Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by S&P.
Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
b. AA - Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and
repay principal and differs from the higher rated issues only in small degree.
3. A - Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay
principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of
changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated
categories.
4. BBB - Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to
pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate
protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are
more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal
for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
5. BB, B, CCC, CC and C - Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C is regarded,
on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay
interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB
indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest degree of
speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective
characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk
exposures to adverse conditions.
C. Moody's Corporate Bond Ratings
Moody's ratings are as follows:
1. Aaa - Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best
quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally
referred to as "gilt-edge." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an
exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various
protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are
most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
2. Aa - Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by
all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally
known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because
margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of
protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements
present which make the long term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa
securities.
3. A - Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment
attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors
giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate but elements
may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the
future.
4. Baa - Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium grade
obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured.
Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but
certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment
characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
5. Ba - Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative
elements. Their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the
protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby
not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty
of position characterizes bonds in this class.
6. B - Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of the
desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of
maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be
small.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers, 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating
classification from Aa through Baa in its corporate bond rating system. The
modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the higher end of its generic
rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier
3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating
category.
Those municipal bonds in the Aa, A, and Baa groups which Moody's
believes possess the strongest investment attributes are designated by the
symbols Aa 1, A 1, and Baa 1.
MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS
Money market securities are instruments with remaining maturities of
one year or less such as bank certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances,
commercial paper (including variable rate master demand notes), and obligations
issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities,
some of which may be subject to repurchase agreements.
Commercial Paper
Commercial paper will consist of issues rated at the time of purchase
A-1, by Standard & Poor's Ratings Group (S&P), or Prime-1 by Moody's Investors
Service, Inc., (Moody's) or F-1 by Fitch Investors Services, L.P. (Fitch's); or,
if not rated, will be issued by companies which have an outstanding debt issue
rated at the time of purchase Aaa, Aa or A by Moody's, or AAA, AA or A by S&P,
or will be determined by the Fund's investment adviser to be of comparable
quality.
A. S&P Ratings
An S&P commercial paper rating is a current assessment of the
likelihood of timely payment of debt having an original maturity of no more than
365 days. Ratings are graded into four categories, ranging from "A" for the
highest quality obligations to "D" for the lowest. The top category is as
follows:
1. A: Issues assigned this highest rating are regarded as having the
greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are delineated
with the numbers 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety.
2. A-1: This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding
timely payment is either overwhelming or very strong. Those issues determined to
possess overwhelming safety characteristics are denoted with a plus (+) sign
designation.
B. Moody's Ratings
The term "commercial paper" as used by Moody's means promissory
obligations not having an original maturity in excess of nine months. Moody's
commercial paper ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to repay
punctually promissory obligations not having an original maturity in excess of
nine months. Moody's employs the following designation, judged to be investment
grade, to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers.
1. The rating Prime-1 is the highest commercial paper rating assigned
by Moody's. Issuers rated Prime-1 (or related supporting institutions) are
deemed to have a superior capacity for repayment of short term promissory
obligations. Repayment capacity of Prime-1 issuers is normally evidenced by the
following characteristics:
1) leading market positions in well-established industries;
2) high rates of return on funds employed;
3) conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance
on debt and ample asset protection;
4) broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges
and high internal cash generation; and
5) well established access to a range of financial markets and
assured sources of alternate liquidity.
In assigning ratings to issuers whose commercial paper obligations are
supported by the credit of another entity or entities, Moody's evaluates the
financial strength of the affiliated corporations, commercial banks, insurance
companies, foreign governments or other entities, but only as one factor in the
total rating assessment.
