<PAGE>
SCHEDULE 14A
(RULE 14A-101)
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN PROXY STATEMENT
SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION
PROXY STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 14(A) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (AMENDMENT NO. )
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Filed by the Registrant /X/
Filed by a Party other than the Registrant / /
Check the appropriate box:
/X/ Preliminary Proxy Statement
/ / Confidential, for Use of the Commission Only (as permitted
by Rule 14a-6(e)(2))
/ / Definitive Proxy Statement
/ / Definitive Additional Materials
/ / Soliciting Material Under Rule 14a-12
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Name of Registrant as Specified In its Charter)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if Other Than the
Registrant)
</TABLE>
Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box):
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
/X/ No fee required.
/ / Fee computed on table below per Exchange Act Rules 14a-6(i)(1)
and 0-11.
(1) Title of each class of securities to which transaction
applies:
----------------------------------------------------------
(2) Aggregate number of securities to which transaction
applies:
----------------------------------------------------------
(3) Per unit price or other underlying value of transaction
computed pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 0-11 (set forth the
amount on which the filing fee is calculated and state how
it was determined):
----------------------------------------------------------
(4) Proposed maximum aggregate value of transaction:
----------------------------------------------------------
(5) Total fee paid:
----------------------------------------------------------
/X/ Fee paid previously with preliminary materials:
$14,991 paid with preliminary materials filed on October 17,
2000
/ / Check box if any part of the fee is offset as provided by
Exchange Act Rule 0-11(a)(2) and identify the filing for which
the offsetting fee was paid previously. Identify the previous
filing by registration statement number, or the form or
Schedule and the date of its filing.
(1) Amount previously paid:
----------------------------------------------------------
(2) Form, Schedule or Registration Statement No.:
----------------------------------------------------------
(3) Filing Party:
----------------------------------------------------------
(4) Date Filed:
----------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
<PAGE>
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
1802 BRIGHTSEAT ROAD
LANDOVER, MARYLAND 20785-4235
------------------------
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON , 2000
------------------------
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that Washington Homes, Inc., a Maryland corporation,
("Washington Homes") will hold a special meeting of stockholders at the
Greenbelt Marriott Hotel, 6400 Ivy Lane, Greenbelt, Maryland on ,
2000 at 10:00 a.m. local time for the following purposes:
1. To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve and adopt the Agreement
and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 28, 2000, by and among Washington
Homes, Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and WHI
Holding Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary
of Hovnanian, and to approve the merger of Washington Homes with and into
WHI Holding and other transactions described in the merger agreement; and
2. To transact such other business as may properly come before the
Washington Homes special meeting.
We describe more fully the merger agreement, the merger and related matters
in the attached joint proxy statement/prospectus, which includes a copy of the
merger agreement as Annex I.
We have fixed the close of business on , 2000 as the record date
for determining the stockholders of Washington Homes entitled to vote at our
special meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the meeting. Only
holders of record of our common stock at the close of business on that date are
entitled to receive notice of and to vote at our special meeting.
Our board of directors has unanimously recommended that you vote "FOR"
approval of the merger agreement, the merger and related matters. The
affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Washington
Homes common stock entitled to vote at the meeting is required to approve the
merger agreement, the merger and related matters. Under Maryland law, Washington
Homes stockholders do not have dissenters' rights to appraisal, which is a right
to dissent to the merger agreement and the merger and to obtain payment in cash
of the fair value of their Washington Homes shares.
Our board of directors requests that you complete, date and sign the
enclosed proxy card and mail it promptly in the accompanying postage-prepaid
envelope. You may revoke your proxy by delivering a writing to Washington Homes
stating that you have revoked your proxy or by delivering a later dated proxy.
If you attend the Washington Homes meeting, you may vote in person, even if you
have previously delivered a signed proxy.
By Order of the Board of Directors of
Washington Homes
Christopher Spendley
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY
Landover, Maryland
, 2000
WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE SPECIAL MEETING, PLEASE FILL IN, DATE
AND SIGN THE ENCLOSED PROXY AND RETURN IT PROMPTLY IN THE ENCLOSED RETURN
ENVELOPE, WHICH REQUIRES NO POSTAGE IF MAILED FROM THE UNITED STATES.
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
10 HIGHWAY 35
P.O. BOX 500
RED BANK, NEW JERSEY 17701
------------------------
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON , 2000
------------------------
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Special Meeting of Stockholders of Hovnanian
Enterprises, Inc. ("Hovnanian") will be held on , 2000, at
at for the following purposes:
1. To consider and vote upon a proposal to approve the issuance of
Hovnanian Class A common stock pursuant to a merger agreement among
Hovnanian, Washington Homes, Inc. and a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Hovnanian; and
2. To transact such other business as may properly come before the
Hovnanian special meeting and any adjournment thereof.
We describe more fully the merger agreement, the merger and related matters
in the attached joint proxy statement/prospectus, which includes a copy of the
merger agreement as Annex I.
Only stockholders of record at the close of business on , 2000
are entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting.
All stockholders are urged to attend the meeting in person or by proxy.
Stockholders who do not expect to attend the meeting are requested to complete,
sign and date the enclosed proxy and return it promptly in the self-addressed
envelope provided.
By order of the Board of Directors
PETER S. REINHART
SECRETARY
, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PLEASE INDICATE YOUR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS ON THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD, DATE AND
SIGN IT, AND RETURN IT IN THE ENVELOPE PROVIDED. NO POSTAGE IS NECESSARY IF
MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ii
<PAGE>
TO THE STOCKHOLDERS OF
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC. AND
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
----------------
JOINT PROXY STATEMENT / PROSPECTUS
MERGER PROPOSED--YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT
------------------------
The boards of directors of Washington Homes, Inc. and Hovnanian
Enterprises, Inc. have unanimously approved the acquisition of Washington Homes
by Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. In the proposed transaction, Washington Homes
will merge with and into WHI Holding Co., Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Hovnanian. After the merger, WHI Holding will be the surviving corporation. The
Washington Homes board of directors unanimously believes that the merger is in
the best interests of the Washington Homes stockholders and unanimously
recommends that Washington Homes stockholders vote to approve the merger
agreement and the merger. The Hovnanian board of directors unanimously believes
that the merger is in the best interests of the Hovnanian stockholders and
unanimously recommends that Hovnanian stockholders vote to approve the issuance
of Class A common stock in connection with the merger. Washington Homes will
hold a special meeting of its stockholders at the Greenbelt Marriott Hotel, 6400
Ivy Lane, Greenbelt, Maryland on , 2000 at 10:00 a.m. local time to
consider and vote upon the merger agreement, the merger and related matters.
Hovnanian will hold a special meeting of its stockholders at on
, 2000 at local time to consider and vote upon the share
issuance.
In the merger, in exchange for each of your shares of Washington Homes
common stock, you have the right to elect to receive either (a) 1.39 shares of
Hovnanian Class A common stock, (b) $10.08 in cash, or (c) a combination of
Hovnanian Class A common stock and cash. If, however, the total amount of cash
or stock elected by the Washington Homes stockholders exceeds specified
limitations, Hovnanian will adjust the forms of consideration to be received. We
explain the merger consideration and the election feature under the headings
"Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Merger Consideration" and
"Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Election of
Consideration." Hovnanian Class A common stock trades on the American Stock
Exchange under the symbol "HOV." Our common stock trades on the New York Stock
Exchange under the symbol "WHI."
INVESTMENT IN THE COMMON STOCK OF HOVNANIAN AS A RESULT OF THE PROPOSED
MERGER INVOLVES A DEGREE OF RISK. SEE OUR DISCUSSION UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK
FACTORS" ON PAGE .
We cannot complete the merger unless Washington Homes stockholders approve
the merger agreement and the merger. Approval requires the affirmative vote of
the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Washington Homes
common stock entitled to vote. Members of the DeCesaris family beneficially own
approximately 49.4% of Washington Homes common stock entitled to vote at this
meeting and, with specified exceptions, have agreed to vote all of the shares of
Washington Homes common stock beneficially owned by them in favor of the merger.
However, it is important that as many as possible of Washington Homes' remaining
stockholders be present in person or by proxy and vote in favor of the merger in
order to ensure that the merger will be approved. YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT.
FAILURE OF A WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDER TO VOTE IS EQUIVALENT TO VOTING
AGAINST THE MERGER AGREEMENT AND THE MERGER. PLEASE COMPLETE, SIGN, DATE AND
PROMPTLY RETURN THE ACCOMPANYING PROXY CARD IN THE ENCLOSED POSTAGE-PAID
ENVELOPE.
In addition, we cannot complete the merger unless Hovnanian stockholders
approve the share issuance. Approval requires the affirmative vote of holders of
shares of Class A common stock and
<PAGE>
Class B common stock representing a majority of the total votes cast at a
meeting of the holders of outstanding shares all voting together without regard
to class. Principal stockholders of Hovnanian who own 70.7% of the aggregate
voting power of Hovnanian's outstanding common stock have agreed to vote their
shares in favor of, or to consent to, approval of the share issuance in the
merger to the former stockholders of Washington Homes. If these Hovnanian
stockholders vote or consent as they have agreed, approval of the share issuance
by Hovnanian is assured even if no other Hovnanian stockholders vote to approve
the share issuance. YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT, REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF SHARES
YOU OWN. WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE SPECIAL MEETING, PLEASE VOTE AS
SOON AS POSSIBLE TO MAKE SURE THAT YOUR SHARES ARE REPRESENTED AT THE MEETING.
We encourage you to read this document carefully. It contains important
business and financial information about Hovnanian and Washington Homes. In
addition, certain other documents that are not included in or delivered with
this document contain information relevant to your vote. SEE "Where You Can Find
More Information," beginning on page .
On August 25, 2000, the last full trading day before the transaction between
Hovnanian and Washington Homes was announced, Hovnanian's Class A common stock,
which is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol "HOV," closed at
$7.06. On the same day, Washington Homes' common stock, which is traded on the
New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "WHI," closed at $7.13. On ,
2000, the last practicable trading day before the date of this document,
Hovnanian's Class A common stock closed at $ and Washington Homes' common
stock closed at $ .
All information contained in this joint proxy statement/prospectus with
respect to Hovnanian has been provided by Hovnanian. All information contained
in this joint proxy statement/prospectus with respect to Washington Homes has
been provided by Washington Homes.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES
COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THE HOVNANIAN SHARES TO BE ISSUED IN
THE MERGER OR DETERMINED IF THIS DOCUMENT IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
This joint proxy statement/prospectus is dated , 2000, and was
first mailed to stockholders of Washington Homes and Hovnanian on or about
, 2000.
iv
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
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<S> <C>
NOTICE OF SPECIAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS................... i
MERGER PROPOSED--YOUR VOTE IS VERY IMPORTANT................ iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................... v
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER...................... x
SUMMARY..................................................... 1
The Merger................................................ 1
The Companies............................................. 1
The Merger Consideration.................................. 2
Ownership of Hovnanian After the Merger................... 3
Reasons For The Transaction............................... 3
The Special Meetings...................................... 3
Required Vote............................................. 4
Recommendations of the Boards of Directors................ 4
Federal Income Tax Consequences........................... 4
Dissenters' Appraisal Rights.............................. 4
Preemptive Rights......................................... 4
Risk Factors.............................................. 5
Other Interests of Washington Homes Officers and Directors
in the Merger........................................... 5
Other Interests of Hovnanian Officers and Directors in the
Merger.................................................. 5
SELECTED HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA... 6
Hovnanian Consolidated Selected Historical Financial
Data.................................................... 7
Washington Homes Consolidated Selected Historical
Financial Information................................... 8
Combined Companies Selected Condensed Consolidated Pro
Forma Financial Information............................. 9
UNAUDITED COMPARATIVE PER SHARE DATA........................ 10
MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDEND DATA.............................. 11
RISK FACTORS................................................ 12
Risk Factors Relating to the Merger....................... 12
The value of the stock consideration a Washington Homes
stockholder may receive in the merger depends on the
market value of Hovnanian's Class A common stock........ 12
The market for executives in the homebuilding industry is
very competitive and finding or replacing senior
management of Hovnanian may be difficult................ 12
Forward-looking statements................................ 12
Failure of the merger to qualify as a reorganization would
cause stockholders of Washington Homes to recognize
additional gains or losses on their shares of Washington
Homes................................................... 12
Voting control of Hovnanian by Kevork S. Hovnanian and Ara
K. Hovnanian and related persons and entities could
discourage any attempt to takeover Hovnanian--other than
pursuant to a negotiated acquisition.................... 13
General economic, real estate and other conditions--Future
changes in business conditions could adversely affect
Hovnanian's business, including Hovnanian's ability to
build homes at prices Hovnanian's customers are willing
or able to pay.......................................... 13
Hovnanian depends on the Northeast market................. 14
Interest rates; mortgage financing--Future increases in
interest rates could prevent potential customers from
buying Hovnanian's homes and adversely affect
Hovnanian's business.................................... 14
</TABLE>
v
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PAGE
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Governmental regulation and environmental
matters--Governmental regulations could increase the
cost and availability of Hovnanian's development and
homebuilding projects and adversely affect Hovnanian's
business................................................ 14
Competition--Homebuilding is very competitive, and
competitive conditions could adversely affect
Hovnanian's results of operations....................... 15
Substantial leverage--Hovnanian's substantial debt could
adversely affect Hovnanian's financial health and
prevent us from fulfilling Hovnanian's obligations...... 15
Future capital requirements--Hovnanian's future growth
requires additional capital whose availability is not
assured................................................. 16
Future acquisitions--Hovnanian's future growth may include
additional acquisitions, the success of which is not
assured................................................. 16
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS... 17
THE WASHINGTON HOMES SPECIAL STOCKHOLDERS' MEETING.......... 18
When and Where Washington Homes Will Hold its Special
Meeting................................................. 18
What Will Be Voted on at the Washington Homes Special
Meeting................................................. 18
Stockholders Entitled to Vote............................. 18
Vote Required to Approve the Merger....................... 18
Number of Shares that Must Be Represented for a Vote to Be
Taken................................................... 18
Stockholdings of Affiliates of Washington Homes........... 19
Voting Your Shares........................................ 19
Changing Your Vote........................................ 19
Independent Auditors to Be Present at the Special
Meeting................................................. 20
Solicitation of Proxies and Costs......................... 20
Recommendation of Washington Homes Board.................. 20
THE HOVNANIAN SPECIAL STOCKHOLDERS' MEETING................. 21
Date, Time and Place of the Hovnanian Special Meeting..... 21
What Will Be Voted on at the Hovnanian Special Meeting.... 21
Stockholders Entitled to Vote............................. 21
Vote Required............................................. 21
Number of Shares that Must be Represented for a Vote to Be
Taken................................................... 22
Stockholdings of Affiliates of Hovnanian.................. 22
Voting Your Shares........................................ 22
Changing Your Vote........................................ 22
Independent Auditors to Be Present at the Special
Meetings................................................ 22
Solicitation of Proxies and Costs......................... 23
Adjournment............................................... 23
Other Matters............................................. 23
Board Recommendations..................................... 23
BACKGROUND OF THE TRANSACTION............................... 24
RECOMMENDATION OF THE WASHINGTON HOMES BOARD AND REASONS FOR
THE TRANSACTION........................................... 29
OPINION OF WASHINGTON HOMES' FINANCIAL ADVISOR.............. 32
Acquisition Summary....................................... 34
Comparable Acquisition Analysis........................... 34
Premium Paid Analysis..................................... 35
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis............................. 35
Terms of Wasserstein Perella's Engagement................. 36
</TABLE>
vi
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<CAPTION>
PAGE
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RECOMMENDATION OF THE HOVNANIAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND
REASONS FOR THE TRANSACTIONS.............................. 37
TERMS OF HOVNANIAN'S ACQUISITION OF WASHINGTON HOMES........ 39
General................................................... 39
Merger Consideration...................................... 39
Election of Consideration by Stockholders of Washington
Homes................................................... 41
Dividends................................................. 42
Exchange of Washington Homes Certificates................. 42
Washington Homes Employee Stock Options................... 42
Washington Homes Non-Employee Stock Options............... 43
Representations and Warranties............................ 43
Covenants................................................. 44
Conditions to Complete the Merger......................... 47
Termination and Termination Fees.......................... 48
Amendment................................................. 50
Survival of Certain Provisions............................ 50
Restrictions on Resales by Affiliates..................... 51
Allocation of Costs and Expenses.......................... 51
RIGHTS OF DISSENTING STOCKHOLDERS........................... 52
PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS........................................... 52
VOTING AND OTHER AGREEMENTS................................. 52
OTHER INTERESTS OF WASHINGTON HOMES' OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
IN THE MERGER............................................. 56
OTHER INTERESTS OF HOVNANIAN OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS IN THE
MERGER.................................................... 57
ANTICIPATED ACCOUNTING TREATMENT............................ 57
POSSIBLE INCLUSION OF HOVNANIAN'S COMMON STOCK ON NYSE...... 57
COMPARISON OF STOCKHOLDERS' RIGHTS.......................... 58
Authorized and Outstanding Capital Stock.................. 58
Voting Rights............................................. 59
Preemptive Rights......................................... 59
Appraisal and Dissenters' Rights.......................... 60
Conversion Rights......................................... 60
Amendments to Articles/Certficate of Incorporation........ 61
Amendments to Bylaws...................................... 61
Special Meetings of Stockholders.......................... 61
Quorum Requirements....................................... 61
Rights of Inspection...................................... 62
Stockholder Action by Written Consent..................... 62
Classification of the Board of Directors.................. 62
Election of the Board of Directors........................ 63
Cumulative Voting......................................... 63
Number of Directors....................................... 63
Removal of Directors...................................... 64
Additional Directors and Vacancies on the Board of
Directors............................................... 64
Liability of Directors.................................... 64
Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and
Agents.................................................. 66
Restrictions upon Certain Business Transactions;
Mergers................................................. 66
</TABLE>
vii
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PAGE
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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONDENSED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS................................................ 68
THE BUSINESS OF HOVNANIAN................................... 81
General................................................... 81
Business Strategies, Operating Policies and Procedures.... 83
Residential Development Activities........................ 84
Backlog................................................... 86
Residential Land Inventory................................ 87
Customer Financing........................................ 88
BUSINESS OF WASHINGTON HOMES................................ 88
General................................................... 88
Products.................................................. 89
Organization.............................................. 90
Residential Developments.................................. 90
Operations................................................ 90
Financial Information about Segments...................... 93
Regulation................................................ 93
Competition and Market Factors............................ 94
Bonds, Warranties and Other Obligations................... 94
Employees................................................. 94
Joint Ventures............................................ 95
BUSINESS OF THE COMBINED COMPANIES.......................... 95
Pro Forma Homesites Owned and Controlled as of July 31,
2000 and Deliveries for Twelve Months Ended July 31,
2000.................................................... 95
Competition............................................... 96
DESCRIPTION OF HOVNANIAN CAPITAL STOCK...................... 96
Common Stock.............................................. 96
Preferred Stock........................................... 97
Registrar and Transfer Agent.............................. 97
NEW DEBT FINANCING.......................................... 97
MANAGEMENT OF HOVNANIAN FOLLOWING THE MERGER................ 97
HOVNANIAN STOCK OWNERSHIP INFORMATION....................... 98
WASHINGTON HOMES STOCK OWNERSHIP INFORMATION................ 98
Principal Stockholders.................................... 98
Ownership by Directors and Executive Officers............. 100
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS........................................ 101
MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF
THE MERGER................................................ 104
Washington Homes Stockholders Who Receive Solely Hovnanian
Common Stock............................................ 105
Washington Homes Stockholders Who Receive Cash and
Hovnanian Common Stock.................................. 106
Washington Homes Stockholders Who Receive Solely Cash..... 107
Cash Received in Lieu of Fractional Shares................ 107
Special Rules for Stockholders That Are Corporations...... 107
Income Tax Rates.......................................... 108
Material Federal Income Tax Consequences to Hovnanian,
Washington Homes and WHI Holding........................ 108
Backup Withholding........................................ 108
</TABLE>
viii
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OTHER MATTERS............................................... 108
Washington Homes.......................................... 108
Hovnanian................................................. 108
LEGAL MATTERS............................................... 109
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS........................................ 109
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION......................... 109
Washington Homes' SEC Filings............................. 110
Hovnanian's SEC Filings................................... 110
Annex I--Agreement and Plan of Merger
Annex II--Opinion of Wasserstein Perella & Co., Inc.,
Financial Advisor to Washington Homes, Inc.
</TABLE>
ix
<PAGE>
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THE MERGER
This joint proxy statement/prospectus, which we refer to as "this document,"
provides you with detailed information about the merger agreement, the merger,
the share issuance and related matters that Washington Homes and Hovnanian will
submit for approval at their respective special meetings of stockholders. We
encourage you to read this entire document carefully. This document incorporates
important business and financial information about Hovnanian and Washington
Homes that is not included in or delivered with this document. Stockholders may
obtain this information without charge by requesting in writing or by telephone
as follows:
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<S> <C>
Washington Homes, Inc. Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.
1802 Brightseat Road 10 Highway 35
Landover, Maryland 20785-4235 P.O. Box 500
Attention: Mr. Christopher Spendley, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701
Secretary Attention: J. Larry Sorsby,
Tel: (301) 772-8900 Chief Financial Officer
Tel: (732) 747-7800
</TABLE>
If you would like to request documents from us, please do so by
, 2000 to receive them prior to Washington Homes' special meeting
and by , 2000 to receive them prior to Hovnanian's special meeting.
SEE "Where You Can Find More Information," beginning on page .
Q: WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT?
A: This document serves as a joint proxy statement of Washington Homes and
Hovnanian and a prospectus of Hovnanian. As a PROXY STATEMENT, it's being
provided to Washington Homes stockholders and Hovnanian stockholders because
each of the boards of directors is soliciting your proxy for use at their
special meeting of stockholders called, in the case of Washington Homes
stockholders, to consider and vote on the proposed merger of Washington Homes
with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hovnanian and, in the case of Hovnanian
stockholders, to consider and vote on the issuance of Hovnanian Class A common
stock in the merger. As a PROSPECTUS, it's being provided to Washington Homes
stockholders because Hovnanian is offering to exchange shares of its Class A
common stock for your shares of Washington Homes common stock if the merger is
completed.
Q: WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION?
A: Washington Homes will, in effect, become a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of
Hovnanian by merging into WHI Holding Co., Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Hovnanian. As discussed below, each Washington Homes stockholder will receive
cash, Hovnanian Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and stock.
Hovnanian stockholders will keep their shares of Class A common stock and
Class B common stock, which will remain outstanding and unchanged as shares of
Hovnanian following the merger.
Q: WHY ARE WASHINGTON HOMES AND HOVNANIAN MERGING? HOW WILL I BENEFIT?
A: The combined company will benefit from, among other things, an increased
geographical market and a broader product offering. Geographically, the combined
company will now operate in eleven states. The enhanced size and scope of the
business of the combined companies will allow Washington Homes and Hovnanian to
further solidify their presence in their respective principal markets, increase
purchasing power, strengthen relationships and pricing opportunities with
sub-contractors and provide better access to capital markets. In addition to
being the largest builder in New Jersey, Hovnanian will become the largest
builder in North Carolina and second largest in the Washington, D.C.
metropolitan market.
x
<PAGE>
Q: WHAT WILL WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS RECEIVE FOR THEIR WASHINGTON HOMES
STOCK?
A: In exchange for your shares of Washington Homes common stock, you may elect
to receive shares of Hovnanian Class A common stock, cash or a combination of
stock and cash. You may also make a non-election, which means that you do not
make a choice between stock and cash. If you make a non-election, Hovnanian
after the merger will allocate to you either Hovnanian stock, cash or a
combination of stock and cash. If, however, the total amount of cash or stock
elected by the Washington Homes stockholders exceeds specified limitations,
Hovnanian will adjust the forms of consideration to be received. Throughout this
document, we refer to Hovnanian Class A common stock as "Hovnanian stock."
Q: WILL A WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDER HAVE TO TAKE PART CASH AND PART HOVNANIAN
STOCK?
A: Not necessarily. A Washington Homes stockholder can elect to receive all
cash, all Hovnanian stock, or a combination of cash and Hovnanian stock for
their shares of Washington Homes common stock. Theoretically, a Washington Homes
stockholder who elects to receive all cash would receive $10.08 in cash for each
share but no Hovnanian stock, and a Washington Homes stockholder who elects to
receive all Hovnanian stock, would receive 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock times
the number of shares of Washington Homes common stock for which the election is
made, but no cash, all subject to proration. If elections would cause more than
49.9% of Washington Homes' common stock to be converted to cash, Washington
Homes stockholders who elect to receive all cash, or part cash, will receive as
much cash as is possible without making the number of shares converted to cash
in the merger greater than 49.9% of the total number of shares. If elections
would cause more than 60.0% of the aggregate dollar value of the total merger
consideration to be Hovnanian stock, Washington Homes stockholders who elect to
receive all stock, or part stock, will receive as much stock as is possible
without making the total stock distributed in the merger greater than 60.0% of
the aggregate dollar value of the total merger consideration. If a Washington
Homes stockholder does not make an election, or does not make an election
properly, that stockholder will receive (i) Hovnanian stock, (ii) cash, or
(iii) a combination of Hovnanian stock and cash based upon a percentage
allocation determined by Hovnanian in its sole discretion.
Q: HOW LONG DO WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS HAVE TO ELECT THEIR PREFERRED FORM
OF MERGER CONSIDERATION?
A: Until 5:00 p.m. eastern time on the last business day prior to the closing
date of the merger.
Q: SHOULD WASHINGTON HOMES STOCK HOLDERS SEND IN THEIR STOCK CERTIFICATES NOW?
A: No. You should not send in your stock certificates at this time. After the
merger, Hovnanian will mail instructions to all former Washington Homes
stockholders for exchanging their stock certificates.
Q: WILL WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS HAVE DISSENTERS' RIGHTS?
A: No. Under the applicable provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law,
Washington Homes stockholders do not have dissenters' rights of appraisal.
Q: WILL HOVNANIAN STOCKHOLDERS HAVE PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS?
A: No. Hovnanian stockholders will not be entitled to preemptive rights in
connection with the merger.
xi
<PAGE>
Q: WILL I RECEIVE A DIVIDEND ON MY SHARES AFTER THE MERGER?
A: Hovnanian does not currently pay cash dividends on its Class A common stock
and does not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.
Q: WILL WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS RECOGNIZE GAIN OR LOSS IN CONNECTION WITH
THE MERGER?
A: We expect the merger to qualify as a tax-free reorganization for United
States federal income tax purposes. In general, this means that Washington Homes
stockholders who elect to receive Hovnanian common stock will not recognize any
gain or loss on the exchange of their common stock in the merger, except to the
extent they receive cash instead of fractional shares in addition to stock.
Washington Homes stockholders who elect to receive all cash in exchange for
their common stock in the merger will recognize gain or loss, to the extent the
cash received exceeds, or is less than, their tax basis in such stock.
Washington Homes stockholders who elect to receive a combination of cash and
Hovnanian common stock, or receive such combination as a result of prorations
under the agreement, will realize gain, but not loss, to the extent that the
amount of cash received plus the value of the Hovnanian common stock received
exceeds their tax basis in the Washington Homes common stock. Washington Homes
stockholders will recognize such gain in amount equal to the lesser of (1) the
amount of the gain realized or (2) the amount of the cash received.
Q: HOW DO WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS MAKE THEIR ELECTIONS?
A: Along with this document, we have enclosed an election form. You may use
that form to indicate your choice between receiving Hovnanian stock, cash or a
combination of stock and cash for your Washington Homes shares. You may also
indicate a non-election on the enclosed form.
Q: CAN WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS CHANGE THEIR ELECTIONS?
A: Yes. After submitting your election form, you may request Washington Homes
for another form if you wish to change your election. The latest dated and
executed election form will govern your choice. To be valid, Hovnanian's
exchange agent must receive your completed, signed and dated election form by
the election deadline which is 5:00 p.m. eastern time on the last business day
prior to the effective date of the merger. We provide you instructions in this
document and on the election form as to completing and mailing your election
form. We also enclose with this document a postage-paid envelope for you to use
in returning your completed election form.
Q: ASSUMING WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS RECEIVE SHARES OF HOVNANIAN STOCK IN
THE MERGER, WILL THEIR RIGHTS AS A HOVNANIAN STOCKHOLDER BE DIFFERENT FROM WHAT
THEY WERE AS A WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDER?
A: Yes. For a discussion of material differences between the rights of
Washington Homes stockholders and the rights of Hovnanian stockholders, see
"Comparison of Stockholders Rights" beginning on page .
Q: WHAT DO I NEED TO DO NOW?
A: After you have carefully read and considered the information contained in
this document, please respond by completing, signing and dating your proxy card
and returning it in the enclosed postage-paid envelope as soon as possible so
that your shares may be represented and voted at your special meeting. If you
sign, date and return your proxy but do not indicate how you want to vote, we
will count your proxy as a vote in favor of the merger agreement and the merger
or the share issuance, as applicable. If you abstain from voting or do not vote,
that will have the effect of a vote against the merger agreement and the merger
or the share issuance, as applicable.
xii
<PAGE>
Q: CAN I CHANGE MY VOTE AFTER I HAVE MAILED MY SIGNED PROXY CARD?
A: Yes. There are three ways for you to revoke your proxy and change your vote.
First, you may send a later-dated, signed proxy card before the meeting of
Washington Homes or Hovnanian, as appropriate. Second, you may attend your
special meeting in person and vote. Third, you may revoke any proxy by written
notice to the secretary of Washington Homes or Hovnanian, as appropriate, prior
to your special meeting. If you have instructed a broker to vote your shares,
you must follow directions received from your broker to change your vote.
Q: WHAT HAPPENS IF I DON'T RETURN A PROXY CARD OR VOTE AT THE MEETING?
A: Your failure to return your proxy card or vote at the meeting will have the
same effect as voting against the merger agreement and the merger or the share
issuance, as applicable.
Q: IF ANY SHARES ARE HELD IN "STREET NAME," WILL MY BROKER VOTE THEM FOR ME?
A: Yes, but only if you instruct your broker how to vote. Your broker cannot
vote your shares without your instruction, although your broker can cause your
shares to be present for quorum purposes even if you do not give an instruction.
Remember, Washington Homes shares that are not voted will have the same effect
as Washington Homes shares that are voted against the merger agreement and the
merger.
Q: WHAT DOES IT MEAN IF I GET MORE THAN ONE PROXY CARD?
A: Your shares may be registered in different names or at different addresses
or may be in more than one account. Sign and return all proxy cards to be sure
that all your shares of Washington Homes or Hovnanian stock are voted.
Q: IS THERE OTHER INFORMATION I SHOULD CONSIDER?
A: Yes. Much of the business and financial information about Hovnanian and
Washington Homes that may be important to you is not included in this document.
Instead, this information is incorporated by reference to documents separately
filed by Hovnanian and by Washington Homes with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. This means that Hovnanian and Washington Homes may satisfy their
respective disclosure obligations to you by referring you to one or more
documents separately filed by them with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
See "Where You Can Find More Information" on page for a list of documents that
Hovnanian and Washington Homes have incorporated by reference into this document
and for instructions on how to obtain copies of these documents. THE DOCUMENTS
ARE AVAILABLE TO YOU WITHOUT CHARGE.
Q: WHAT IF THERE IS A CONFLICT BETWEEN DOCUMENTS?
A: You should rely on the LATER FILED DOCUMENT. Information in this document
may update information contained in one or more of the Hovnanian or Washington
Homes documents incorporated by reference. Similarly, information in documents
that Hovnanian or Washington Homes may file after the date of this document may
update information contained in this document or information contained in
previously filed documents.
Q: WHEN DO YOU EXPECT TO MERGE?
A: We are working towards completing the merger as quickly as possible. We
expect to complete the merger in the fourth quarter of the 2000 calendar year.
xiii
<PAGE>
SUMMARY
THIS SUMMARY DOES NOT CONTAIN ALL OF THE INFORMATION THAT IS IMPORTANT TO
YOU. YOU SHOULD CAREFULLY READ THIS ENTIRE DOCUMENT AND THE DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS DOCUMENT TO FULLY UNDERSTAND THE MERGER. SEE
"WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION" ON PAGE . MORE INFORMATION ABOUT
WASHINGTON HOMES IS INCLUDED IN THIS DOCUMENT BEGINNING ON PAGE . MORE
INFORMATION ON HOVNANIAN IS INCLUDED IN THIS DOCUMENT BEGINNING ON PAGE .
THE MERGER
The board of directors of Washington Homes, Inc. has unanimously approved
the acquisition of Washington Homes by Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. In the
proposed transaction, Washington Homes will merge into WHI Holding Co., Inc., a
wholly-owned subsidiary of Hovnanian. After the merger, WHI Holding will be the
surviving corporation and the separate corporate existence of Washington Homes
will cease.
THE COMPANIES
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
1802 BRIGHTSEAT ROAD
LANDOVER, MARYLAND 20785-4235
(301) 772-8900
http://www.whinc.com
Washington Homes was incorporated in Maryland in 1965. Washington Homes
designs, builds and markets single-family detached homes, town homes and
condominium homes in the metropolitan areas of Washington, D.C-Baltimore,
Maryland; Greensboro, Raleigh and Charlotte, North Carolina; Nashville,
Tennessee; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Huntsville, Alabama and the Mississippi
Gulf Coast. During its five fiscal years ended July 31, 2000, Washington Homes
delivered 8,497 homes. Washington Homes delivered 2,517 homes during its fiscal
year ended July 31, 2000, generating home building revenues of $459.3 million.
At July 31, 2000, there was a backlog of 1,062 homes under contract with a sales
value of $215.5 million. At July 31, 2000, Washington Homes had total assets of
$168.6 million and stockholders' equity of $83.0 million. For the year ended
July 31, 2000, Washington Homes had revenues of $469.8 million and net income of
$14.6 million. Washington Homes currently offers homes for sale in 82
communities at base sales prices ranging from $70,000 to $500,000. Washington
Homes' marketing efforts target consumers ranging from first time home buyers to
retirees.
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
10 HIGHWAY 35, P.O. BOX 500
RED BANK, NEW JERSEY 07701
(732) 747-7800
http://www.khov.com
Hovnanian designs, constructs and markets high-quality single-family
detached homes and attached condominium apartments and townhouses in planned
residential developments in the Northeast, primarily in New Jersey, North
Carolina, southern California and Poland. Hovnanian markets its homes to
first-time buyers, first- and second-time move-up buyers, luxury buyers, active
adult buyers and empty nesters. Hovnanian offers a variety of homestyles at
prices ranging in the United States from $94,000 to $921,000 with an average
sales price in fiscal 1999 of $241,000. Hovnanian is currently offering homes
for sale in 118 communities. Since the incorporation of its predecessor company
in 1959, Hovnanian has delivered in excess of 66,000 homes.
Hovnanian believes its business strategy, including its implementation of
recent initiatives to reduce costs and increase productivity, has contributed to
strong recent operating results. For the twelve
1
<PAGE>
months ended July 31, 2000, Hovnanian's revenues were $1,082 million, Hovnanian
delivered 4,230 homes, homebuilding gross margin, before impairment loss and
land sales, was 19.8%, EBITDA, which stands for earnings before interest, taxes,
depreciation and amortization, was $81.8 million, and Hovnanian had record new
orders of 4,302 homes. At July 31, 2000, Hovnanian had a record backlog of 2,270
homes, with a base value of $584 million. Over 50% of Hovnanian's non-cash
customers who financed the purchase of their homes with mortgages utilized
Hovnanian's mortgage financing subsidiary, in markets its serves, in the twelve
months ended July 31, 2000.
THE MERGER CONSIDERATION
In exchange for their shares of Washington Homes common stock, the
Washington Homes stockholders will receive either shares of Hovnanian stock,
cash or a combination of stock and cash. The merger agreement provides a formula
for determining the merger consideration. In general, each share of Washington
Homes common stock is convertible into the right to receive 1.39 shares of
Hovnanian stock or $10.08 in cash or a combination of stock and cash. The merger
consideration is valued at approximately $84.0 million. SEE "Terms of
Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Merger Consideration."
If the closing price of the Hovnanian stock is below $5.65, then Hovnanian
can elect to increase the stock consideration by changing the exchange ratio to
make the stock consideration equal to $7.85, which is $5.65 multiplied by 1.39,
per share of Washington Homes common stock. If Hovnanian determines not to
increase the stock consideration, then Washington Homes has the right to
terminate the merger agreement; however, if Washington Homes elects not to
terminate the merger agreement, then the stock consideration will equal 1.39
shares of Hovnanian stock for each share of Washington Homes common stock. On
the other hand, if the closing price of the Hovnanian stock is above $8.47, then
Hovnanian may terminate the merger agreement. If Hovnanian elects not to
terminate the merger agreement, then the stock consideration will remain 1.39
shares of Hovnanian stock for each share of Washington Homes common stock. See
"Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Merger Consideration" for
a more comprehensive discussion of the consideration formula.
The merger agreement provides that no more than 60% of the aggregate dollar
value of the merger consideration will be in shares of Hovnanian stock and that
no more than 49.9% of the shares of Washington Homes common stock can be
converted into cash. Therefore, it is possible that at closing of the merger we
might have to adjust your elected allocation of either stock, cash or a
combination of stock and cash to ensure that the total value of the Hovnanian
stock being issued in the merger shall not exceed 60% of the aggregate dollar
value of the merger consideration and that the amount of cash payable shall not
exceed the 49.9% level referred to above. SEE "Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition
of Washington Homes--Adjustments to Stockholders' Elections."
Hovnanian will not issue fractional shares of Hovnanian stock in the merger.
Any Washington Homes stockholder who would otherwise be entitled to receive a
fraction of a share of Hovnanian stock will instead receive cash for such
fractional share.
You should not send in your stock certificates for exchange until instructed
to do so after we complete the merger. SEE "Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of
Washington Homes--Exchange of Washington Homes Certificates," beginning on page
.
After the merger, the Washington Homes stockholders that receive Hovnanian
stock will have the same rights as those Hovnanian stockholders who own
Hovnanian Class A common stock. We compare the respective rights of the
stockholders of each corporation under "Comparison of Stockholders' Rights,"
beginning on page .
Washington Homes received a written opinion from Wasserstein Perella &
Co., Inc., its financial advisor, to the effect that as of August 27, 2000, the
merger consideration was fair to Washington
2
<PAGE>
Homes stockholders from a financial point of view. We discuss the opinion, its
assumptions and its limitations under "Opinion of Washington Homes' Financial
Advisor," beginning on page , and we attach to this document a copy of the
opinion as Annex II.
OWNERSHIP OF HOVNANIAN AFTER THE MERGER
If we assume that the merger is completed and that 60% of the aggregate
dollar value of the merger consideration is in shares of Hovnanian stock,
Hovnanian in that circumstance would issue approximately 6.8 million shares of
its Class A common stock to the former Washington Homes stockholders upon
completion of the merger. After the merger, the former Washington Homes
stockholders would own approximately 7.0% of the voting power of the outstanding
shares of Hovnanian voting stock. Current affiliates of Hovnanian will own
approximately 79.0% of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Hovnanian
voting stock after the merger and will continue to be able to elect the entire
Hovnanian board of directors and determine the business policies of Hovnanian.
REASONS FOR THE TRANSACTION
Both Washington Homes and Hovnanian are engaged in homebuilding and related
activities. The merger will create a homebuilding company that, based on
information in the homebuilding industry publications, during 1999 would have
been the 10th largest in the United States based on units delivered. The merger
of Washington Homes into Hovnanian will:
- Present opportunities to create greater economies of scale, by combining
human resources, technology and land resources;
- Result in an entity with larger market capitalization for both parties,
and by becoming a larger, more diverse and more competitive homebuilder
with greater financial and management resources, the resultant entity will
be able to compete more effectively in an industry which is consolidating
and becoming more competitive for land and markets;
- Result in the opportunity for Washington Homes' stockholders to elect to
receive the merger consideration in a combination of stock and cash, all
stock or all cash;
- Result in the anticipated tax-free treatment to Washington Homes and the
anticipated tax-free treatment of its stockholders if they receive stock
in the merger; and
- Permit both companies to take greater advantage of opportunities in
existing markets and product lines.
The reasons for the transaction are discussed in greater detail in the
sections of this document captioned "Recommendation of the Washington Homes
Board and Reasons for the Transaction" beginning on page and "Recommendation
of the Hovnanian Board and Reasons for the Transaction" beginning on page .
Some risks of the transaction are discussed in the section of this document
captioned "Risk Factors" beginning on page .
THE SPECIAL MEETINGS
WASHINGTON HOMES
The Washington Homes special meeting will be held at the Greenbelt Marriott
Hotel, 6400 Ivy Lane, Greenbelt, Maryland on , 2000, starting at
10:00 a.m. local time. At the Washington Homes special meeting, the stockholders
will be asked to adopt the merger agreement and approve the merger.
3
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN
The Hovnanian special meeting will be held at [Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.,
starting at local time on , 2000. At the Hovnanian
special meeting, the stockholders will be asked to approve the issuance of
Hovnanian Class A common stock in connection with the merger.
REQUIRED VOTE
WASHINGTON HOMES
The affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the
outstanding shares of Washington Homes common stock entitled to vote is required
for adoption of the merger agreement and approval of the merger. Members of the
DeCesaris family who beneficially own approximately 49.4% of Washington Homes
common stock entitled to vote at the meeting have agreed to vote with certain
exceptions their shares of Washington Homes common stock in favor of the merger.
HOVNANIAN
Under the rules of the American Stock Exchange, the affirmative vote of the
holders of a majority in voting power of the outstanding shares of Hovnanian
Class A common stock and Class B common stock entitled to vote is required to
authorize the issuance of a sufficient number of shares of Hovnanian stock
necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.
Principal stockholders of Hovnanian who own 70.7% of the aggregate voting power
of Hovnanian's Class A common stock and Class B common stock have agreed to vote
their shares in favor of, or to consent to approval of, the issuance of
Hovnanian stock in the merger.
RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BOARDS OF DIRECTORS
The Washington Homes board has unanimously determined that the terms of the
merger are fair to and in the best interests of Washington Homes and its
stockholders and unanimously recommends that the Washington Homes stockholders
vote to approve the merger.
The board of directors of Hovnanian has unanimously approved and adopted the
merger, the merger agreement and related matters and unanimously recommends that
the Hovnanian stockholders vote to approve the share issuance.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The merger has been structured to qualify as a reorganization within the
meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. More
detailed information about anticipated tax consequences of the merger for
Washington Homes stockholders is contained in the section of this document
captioned "Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences of the
Merger," beginning at page .
DISSENTERS' APPRAISAL RIGHTS
Under the Maryland General Corporation law, the holders of Washington Homes
common stock do not have dissenters' appraisal rights.
PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS
Hovnanian's certificate of incorporation and its by-laws do not provide
Hovnanian stockholders preemptive rights in connection with the issuance of
shares of Hovnanian stock in the merger.
4
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
The merger of Washington Homes with Hovnanian is subject to certain risks to
which you should give particular consideration in evaluating whether to vote for
the merger. They are discussed in the section of this document captioned "Risk
Factors," beginning on page .
OTHER INTERESTS OF WASHINGTON HOMES OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS IN THE MERGER
Several officers and directors, who are also stockholders, of Washington
Homes will receive benefits as a result of the merger that are different from,
or in addition to, the benefits you will receive, including among others,
employment agreements with Hovnanian and WHI Holding, stock registration rights,
stock sale rights, voting agreements and conversion of stock options. These
interests are discussed in the section of this document captioned "Other
Interests of Officers and Directors in the Merger," beginning on page .
OTHER INTERESTS OF HOVNANIAN OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS IN THE MERGER
The officers and directors of Hovnanian, who are also stockholders of
Hovnanian, have no interests that are different from, or in addition to, the
benefits Hovnanian stockholders will receive as a result of the merger.
5
<PAGE>
SELECTED HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL DATA
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT FOR PER SHARE INFORMATION)
The following tables set forth selected historical financial data for
Hovnanian and Washington Homes, and selected unaudited pro forma combined
financial data for the combined company. The selected historical financial data
was derived from the consolidated financial statements of Hovnanian and
Washington Homes, which statements we have incorporated by reference into this
document. Stockholders of Hovnanian and Washington Homes should read this
information in conjunction with the historical financial statements and related
notes of each of Hovnanian and Washington Homes and the unaudited pro forma
consolidated financial statements and related notes of Hovnanian presented on
pages through . The Hovnanian and Washington Homes combined results
of operations give effect to Hovnanian's proposed acquisition of Washington
Homes using the purchase method of accounting.
6
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN CONSOLIDATED SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA
The following consolidated selected historical financial data for the five
years ended October 31, 1999 are derived from Hovnanian's audited consolidated
financial statements. The financial data for the nine month periods ended
July 31, 2000 and 1999 are derived from Hovnanian's unaudited consolidated
financial statements. The unaudited financial statements include all
adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which Hovnanian considers
necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of
operations for these periods. Operating results for the nine months ended
July 31, 2000 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected
for the entire year ending October 31, 2000. The data should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes, and other
financial information incorporated by reference herein.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE NINE
MONTHS MONTHS
ENDED ENDED YEARS ENDED OCTOBER 31,
JULY 31, JULY 31, ----------------------------------------------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE DATA) 2000 1999 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
INCOME STATEMENT DATA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revenues........................ $784,019 $648,291 $948,287 $941,947 $784,136 $807,464 $777,745
Expenses........................ 761,533 611,574 897,670 900,655 796,260 782,458 756,091
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before income taxes
and extraordinary loss........ 22,486 36,717 50,617 41,292 (12,124) 25,006 21,654
State and Federal income taxes... 7,485 14,659 19,674 15,141 (5,154) 7,719 7,526
Extraordinary loss net of income
taxes......................... -- (868) (868) (748) -- -- --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)............... $ 15,001 $ 21,190 $ 30,075 $ 25,403 $ (6,970) $ 17,287 $ 14,128
==========================================================================
Per Share Data:
Basic:
Income (loss) before
extraordinary loss.......... $ 0.68 $ 1.04 $ 1.45 $ 1.20 $ (0.31) $ 0.75 $ 0.61
Extraordinary loss............ -- (.04) (.04) (0.03) -- -- --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss)............. $ 0.68 $ 1.00 $ 1.41 $ 1.17 $ (0.31) $ 0.75 $ 0.61
==========================================================================
Weighted average number of
common shares outstanding... 22,089 21,274 21,404 21,781 22,409 23,037 23,032
Assuming Dilution:
Income (loss) before
extraordinary loss.......... $ 0.68 $ 1.03 $ 1.43 $ 1.19 $ (0.31) $ 0.75 $ 0.61
Extraordinary loss............ -- (0.04) (0.04) (0.03) -- -- --
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Income (loss)............. $ 0.68 $ 0.99 $ 1.39 $ 1.16 $ (0.31) $ 0.75 $ 0.61
==========================================================================
Weighted average number of
common shares outstanding... 22,158 21,491 21,612 22,016 22,506 23,120 23,079
BALANCE SHEET DATA
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets.................... $841,518 $612,094 $712,861 $589,102 $637,082 $614,111 $645,378
Mortgages and notes payable..... 222,672 60,821 110,228 150,282 184,519 145,336 183,044
Bonds collateralized by mortgages
receivable.................... 3,147 3,972 3,699 5,652 7,855 9,231 17,880
Senior notes, participating
senior subordinated debentures
and subordinated notes........ 250,000 250,000 250,000 145,449 190,000 200,000 200,000
Stockholders' equity............ 246,397 217,317 236,426 201,392 178,762 193,622 176,335
Shares outstanding (in
thousands).................... 21,344 20,917 22,159 21,560 21,853 23,037 23,037
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stockholders' equity per share... $ 11.54 $ 10.39 $ 10.67 $ 9.34 $ 8.18 $ 8.40 $ 7.65
==========================================================================
</TABLE>
7
<PAGE>
WASHINGTON HOMES CONSOLIDATED SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following consolidated selected historical financial information for the
five years ended July 31, 2000, has been derived from Washington Homes' audited
consolidated financial statements. This financial information should be read in
conjunction with those financial statements and the notes to them and with the
information set forth under "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations" in the Washington Homes 2000 Annual Report
on Form 10-K, which is incorporated by reference into this document.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED JULY 31,
----------------------------------------------------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AMOUNTS) 2000 1999 1998 1997* 1996
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
Total revenues............................. $469,751 $362,733 $240,703 $217,459 $175,025
Gross profit............................... 87,805 67,717 42,539 37,551 33,829
Earnings (loss) before interest, financing
fees and taxes *......................... 31,234 24,710 11,801 (8,399) 11,240
Total interest and financing fees expense... 7,224 7,356 5,793 5,836 4,771
Net earnings (loss) *...................... 14,619 10,648 3,790 (13,289) 3,747
Earnings (loss) per common share--basic *... 1.85 1.34 0.48 (1.67) 0.47
Earnings (loss) per common share--diluted
*........................................ 1.80 1.30 0.48 (1.67) 0.47
Dividends per common share................. -- -- -- -- --
BALANCE SHEET DATA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash....................................... $ 14,317 $ 12,734 $ 10,324 $ 10,335 $ 15,384
Residential inventories.................... 130,573 130,502 115,249 114,228 125,033
Total assets............................... 168,558 167,455 147,355 144,745 170,227
Notes and loans payable.................... 36,323 59,526 59,230 67,104 74,282
Shareholders' equity....................... 82,955 68,949 58,270 54,480 67,769
</TABLE>
------------------------
* 1997 included an after-tax, non-cash charge of $15.8 million for the
impairment of long-lived assets.
8
<PAGE>
COMBINED COMPANIES SELECTED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
The following table presents unaudited pro forma selected condensed
consolidated financial data for Hovnanian and its subsidiaries after giving
effect to the merger using the purchase method of accounting. The pro forma data
is not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained if
the merger had been consummated at the beginning of the periods presented (in
the case of the income statement items), or at the date of the balance sheet (in
the case of balance sheet items), or that may be obtained in the future. The pro
forma data is derived from the Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Financial
Statements beginning on page of this document and should be read in
conjunction with those financial statements and accompanying notes. The
unaudited pro forma data presented below reflect selected condensed consolidated
pro forma operating data for the year ended October 31, 1999 and the nine months
ended July 31, 2000 and the selected condensed consolidated pro forma balance
sheet data of the combined companies as of July 31, 2000.
SELECTED CONDENSED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED OPERATING DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NINE MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED
JULY 31, 2000 OCTOBER 31, 1999
--------------------------------------
(UNAUDITED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
--------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenues.................................................... $1,166,347 $1,327,748
Net income.................................................. $ 22,362 $ 36,681
Net income per common share (diluted)....................... $ 0.79 $ 1.31
Common shares used in calculation of per common share
amount.................................................... 28,344 28,009
</TABLE>
PRO FORMA COMBINED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEET DATA
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AS OF
JULY 31, 2000
-------------
(UNAUDITED)
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
-------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Assets...................................................... $1,008,100
Mortgages and notes and other debts payable (1)............. $ 508,017
Stockholders' equity........................................ $ 291,120
Book value per common share................................. $ 10.84
Common shares used in calculation of per common share
amount.................................................... 26,864
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) Mortgages and notes and other debts payable excludes debt under mortgage
warehouse lines of credit and bonds collateralized by mortgages receivable.
9
<PAGE>
UNAUDITED COMPARATIVE PER SHARE DATA
We have summarized below the per common share combined information for
Hovnanian and Washington Homes on an historical and pro forma combined and pro
forma equivalent basis. In presenting the pro forma information for the time
periods shown in the table, we assumed that Washington Homes and Hovnanian had
been merged throughout those periods. You should read this information in
conjunction with our historical financial statements and related notes contained
in the reports and other information that we have filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. SEE "Where You Can Find More Information." You should not
rely on the pro forma information as being indicative of the results that will
be achieved after the merger.
The combined company unaudited pro forma data represent the effect of the
merger on a share of Hovnanian stock. The Washington Homes pro forma equivalent
data represent the combined company pro forma data before rounding, multiplied
by the conversion ratio of 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock for each share of
Washington Homes common stock, and thereby reflect the effect of the merger on a
share of Washington Homes common stock.
In reviewing the following data, please note that Washington Homes has a
fiscal year ending July 31 and Hovnanian has a fiscal year ending October 31.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HISTORICAL PRO FORMA
---------------------- ---------------------
WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON COMBINED HOMES
HOVNANIAN HOMES COMPANY EQUIVALENT
--------- ---------- -------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
PER COMMON SHARE
BASIC EARNINGS
Year Ended July 31, 2000........................... -- $ 1.85 -- --
Nine Months Ended July 31, 2000.................... $ 0.68 -- $ 0.81 $ 1.13
Twelve Months Ended October 31, 1999............... $ 1.41 -- $ 1.36 $ 1.89
DILUTED EARNINGS
Year Ended July 31, 2000........................... -- $ 1.80 -- --
Nine Months Ended July 31, 2000.................... $ 0.68 -- $ 0.79 $ 1.10
Twelve Months Ended October 31, 1999............... $ 1.39 -- $ 1.31 $ 1.82
CASH DIVIDEND PAID................................. -- -- -- --
BOOK VALUE
As of July 31, 2000................................ $11.54 $10.66 $10.84 $15.07
TANGIBLE BOOK VALUE
As of July 31, 2000................................ $10.64 $ 9.59 $10.12 $14.07
</TABLE>
10
<PAGE>
MARKET PRICE AND DIVIDEND DATA
Hovnanian stock currently trades on the American Stock Exchange under the
symbol "HOV." Washington Homes common stock trades on the New York Stock
Exchange under the symbol "WHI."
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the reported range
of high and low sales prices of the Washington Homes common stock as reported on
the New York Stock Exchange and Hovnanian stock as reported on the American
Stock Exchange, based on published financial sources. As of the date of this
document, Hovnanian has never paid cash dividends on its common stock, and
Washington Homes has not paid cash dividends on its common stock since 1994. SEE
"Description of Hovnanian Capital Stock--Common Stock--Dividends," beginning on
page and "Hovnanian's Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations," which is incorporated in this document by
reference to Hovnanian's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended
October 31, 1999.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON
HOVNANIAN HOMES
SALES PRICES SALES PRICES
---------------------- ----------------------
HIGH LOW HIGH LOW
-------- -------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Quarter ended January 31, 1998............................. $9.25 $6.50 $4.50 $3.50
Quarter ended April 30, 1998............................... 11.50 8.56 5.38 3.75
Quarter ended July 31, 1998................................ 11.19 8.50 6.25 4.65
Quarter ended October 31, 1998............................. 9.88 6.00 6.25 4.00
Quarter ended January 31, 1999............................. 9.25 7.75 6.50 4.63
Quarter ended April 30, 1999............................... 8.94 6.81 7.00 5.13
Quarter ended July 31, 1999................................ 9.50 7.88 8.38 6.00
Quarter ended October 31, 1999............................. 9.00 5.94 7.13 5.06
Quarter ended January 31, 2000............................. 6.88 5.25 5.75 4.69
Quarter ended April 30, 2000............................... 6.62 5.44 6.00 5.00
Quarter ended July 31, 2000................................ 6.38 5.44 6.63 5.13
Quarter ended October 31, 2000............................. 7.94 5.88 9.75 6.44
November 1, 2000 through , 2000
</TABLE>
From the date of the merger agreement through , 2000, Hovnanian
stock has traded within a range from $ to $ . On August 25, 2000, the last
full trading day prior to the public announcement of the signing of the merger
agreement, and on , 2000, the last practicable trading day prior to
the date of this document, the closing prices of Hovnanian stock and Washington
Homes common stock were as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AUGUST 25, 2000 , 2000
---------------- ------------
<S> <C> <C>
Hovnanian................................................... $ 7.06 $ X.XX
Washington Homes............................................ 7.13 X.XX
Equivalent market value per share of Washington Homes(a).... $ 9.81 $ X.XX
Equivalent cash value per share of Washington Homes(b)...... $10.08 $10.08
</TABLE>
------------------------
(a) Based on 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock for each share of Washington Homes
common stock.
(b) Assumes that each share of Washington Homes common stock is exchanged for
the cash consideration in the merger.
11
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
STOCKHOLDERS OF WASHINGTON HOMES SHOULD CAREFULLY CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING
FACTORS, IN ADDITION TO THE OTHER INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT, IN
EVALUATING WHETHER TO VOTE IN FAVOR OF THE MERGER. YOU SHOULD ALSO READ THE
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THIS DOCUMENT. SEE "WHERE YOU CAN FIND
MORE INFORMATION," BEGINNING ON PAGE .
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO THE MERGER
THE VALUE OF THE STOCK CONSIDERATION A WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDER MAY RECEIVE
IN THE MERGER DEPENDS ON THE MARKET VALUE OF HOVNANIAN'S CLASS A COMMON STOCK.
Approximately one-half, in the aggregate, of what stockholders of Washington
Homes will receive will be cash, depending on stock and cash elections and
proration, if any, and the remainder will be Hovnanian stock. No matter what the
price of Hovnanian stock may be at the time of the closing of the merger, the
market price of Hovnanian stock could decrease after the merger, especially if a
substantial number of Washington Homes stockholders decide to sell all or a
portion of the Hovnanian stock held by them after the merger has been
consummated.
THE MARKET FOR EXECUTIVES IN THE HOMEBUILDING INDUSTRY IS VERY COMPETITIVE AND
FINDING OR REPLACING SENIOR MANAGEMENT OF HOVNANIAN MAY BE DIFFICULT.
There are relatively few people with the training and experience to be
effective senior managers of a company as large as the one resulting from the
merger of Washington Homes and Hovnanian. The success of the new company
resulting from the merger will be dependent to a large degree on the collective
efforts of the senior management of the merged companies. The merger of
Washington Homes with Hovnanian will bring Hovnanian additional experienced
executives in the homebuilding industry. If a significant number of Washington
Homes senior management, or Hovnanian's senior management, were to leave,
Hovnanian may have difficulty replacing them with capable and experienced
executives.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MADE IN THIS DOCUMENT MAY PROVE TO BE INACCURATE.
Washington Homes and Hovnanian has each made forward-looking statements in
this document. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and
uncertainties. Many factors could affect the combined Washington Homes and
Hovnanian in the future, and could cause events to occur which were not
anticipated in the forward-looking statements in this document. Those factors
include many of the factors discussed in this Risk Factors section.
FAILURE OF THE MERGER TO QUALIFY AS A REORGANIZATION WOULD CAUSE STOCKHOLDERS OF
WASHINGTON HOMES TO RECOGNIZE ADDITIONAL GAINS OR LOSSES ON THEIR SHARES OF
WASHINGTON HOMES.
Washington Homes and Hovnanian have structured the merger to qualify as a
reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue
Code. Although it has not sought a ruling from the IRS on the matter, Washington
Homes has obtained a legal opinion from its counsel, Duane, Morris & Heckscher
LLP, that the merger constitutes a reorganization within the meaning of
Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. That opinion is based on certain
assumptions and representations of fact contained in representation letters from
Washington Homes and Hovnanian. The opinion neither binds the IRS nor prevents
the IRS from taking a contrary position. If the merger takes place, but fails to
qualify as a reorganization, a stockholder of Washington Homes will generally
recognize gain or loss on each Washington Homes share surrendered. The amount of
the gain or loss will be the amount of the difference between the stockholders'
tax basis in that share and the consideration the Washington Homes stockholder
receives in exchange for that share as a result of the
12
<PAGE>
merger, with the shares of Hovnanian stock valued at their fair market value at
the effective time of the merger.
VOTING CONTROL OF HOVNANIAN BY KEVORK S. HOVNANIAN AND ARA K. HOVNANIAN AND
RELATED PERSONS AND ENTITIES COULD DISCOURAGE ANY ATTEMPT TO TAKEOVER
HOVNANIAN--OTHER THAN PURSUANT TO A NEGOTIATED ACQUISITION.
Hovnanian has two classes of common stock: Class A common stock, which is
entitled to one vote per share, and Class B common stock, which is entitled to
ten votes per share. Kevork S. Hovnanian and Ara K. Hovnanian, as well as
various related persons and entities, beneficially own in the aggregate common
stock of Hovnanian which is entitled to approximately 83.9% of the combined
voting power of the holders of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock
of Hovnanian. Even after the merger, the Hovnanians, and their related persons
and entities, will be entitled to approximately 79.0% of the combined voting
power of those two classes of Hovnanian common stock. That gives them, assuming
that they act in concert, the power to elect all of Hovnanian's directors and to
approve all matters which are presented to Hovnanian's stockholders, even if no
other stockholder of Hovnanian were to vote in favor of such matters. The
ownership by Kevork and Ara Hovnanian, as well as related persons and entities,
of Class B common stock of Hovnanian, assuming they act in concert, would make
it impossible for anyone to acquire shares which would have voting control of
Hovnanian as long as the total number of shares of Class B common stock of
Hovnanian is at least 10% of the combined common stock outstanding of both
classes. Accordingly, while Kevork and Ara Hovnanian, and their related persons
and entities, own Class B common stock of Hovnanian which is at least 10% of the
combined voting power of both classes of Hovnanian's common stock, assuming that
they act in concert, their ownership of that class of common stock would
possibly discourage any third party from attempting to acquire Hovnanian without
the approval of the Hovnanians.
RISK FACTORS RELATING TO HOVNANIAN'S BUSINESS
GENERAL ECONOMIC, REAL ESTATE AND OTHER CONDITIONS--FUTURE CHANGES IN BUSINESS
CONDITIONS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT HOVNANIAN'S BUSINESS, INCLUDING HOVNANIAN'S
ABILITY TO BUILD HOMES AT PRICES HOVNANIAN'S CUSTOMERS ARE WILLING OR ABLE TO
PAY.
The homebuilding industry is cyclical and is significantly affected by
changes in general and local economic conditions, such as:
- employment levels and job growth;
- availability of financing for home buyers;
- interest rates;
- consumer confidence; and
- housing demand.
An oversupply of alternatives to new homes, such as rental properties and
used homes, could depress prices and reduce margins for the sale of new homes.
Weather conditions and natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes,
earthquakes, floods and fires, can harm the homebuilding business.
Hovnanian's success in developing, building and selling homes depends in
part upon the continued availability of suitable undeveloped land at acceptable
prices. The availability of undeveloped land for purchase at favorable prices
depends on a number of factors outside of Hovnanian's control, including the
risk of competitive over-bidding on land and restrictive governmental
regulation. Should suitable land opportunities become less available,
Hovnanian's operating results could be adversely affected.
13
<PAGE>
Land inventory risk can be substantial for homebuilders. The market value of
undeveloped land, buildable lots and housing inventories can fluctuate
significantly as a result of changing economic and market conditions. In the
event of significant changes in economic or market conditions, Hovnanian may
have to sell homes at a loss or hold land in inventory longer than planned.
Inventory carrying costs can be significant and can result in losses from a
poorly performing project or market.
In Hovnanian's business, Hovnanian must continuously seek and make
acquisitions of land for expansion into new markets and for replacement and
expansion of land inventory within its current markets. Although Hovnanian
employs various measures designed to manage inventory risks, it can give no
assurance that such measures will be successful.
The homebuilding industry has from time to time experienced significant
difficulties, including:
- shortages of qualified people in the building trades;
- reliance on local contractors, who may be inadequately capitalized;
- shortages of materials; and
- increases in the cost of certain materials (particularly increases in the
price of lumber, framing and cement, which are significant components of
home construction costs).
These difficulties could cause Hovnanian to take longer and incur more costs
to build its homes. Hovnanian may not be able to recapture increased costs by
raising prices in many cases because Hovnanian fixed its prices up to twelve
months in advance of delivery by signing home sales contracts. In addition, some
home buyers may cancel or not honor their home sales contracts altogether.
HOVNANIAN DEPENDS ON THE NORTHEAST MARKET.
Hovnanian presently conducts, and will continue after the merger to conduct,
a significant portion of its business in the Northeast. Home prices in the
Northeast, including in some of the markets in which Hovnanian operates, have
declined from time to time, particularly as a result of slow economic growth.
Hovnanian cannot be certain that the current economic growth trend in the
Northeast will continue. If home prices decline in one or more of the markets in
which Hovnanian operates, its results of operations may be adversely affected.
INTEREST RATES; MORTGAGE FINANCING--FUTURE INCREASES IN INTEREST RATES COULD
PREVENT POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS FROM BUYING HOVNANIAN'S HOMES AND ADVERSELY AFFECT
HOVNANIAN'S BUSINESS.
Virtually all of Hovnanian's customers finance their acquisitions through
lenders providing mortgage financing. Increases in interest rates or decreases
in availability of mortgage financing could depress the market for new homes
because of the increased monthly mortgage costs to potential home buyers. Even
if potential customers do not need financing, changes in interest rates and
mortgage availability could make it harder for them to sell their homes to
potential buyers who need financing. This could adversely affect Hovnanian's
results of operations.
In addition, Hovnanian believes that the availability of FNMA, FHLMC, FHA
and VA mortgage financing is an important factor in marketing many of its homes.
Any limitations or restrictions on the availability of such financing could
adversely affect Hovnanian's sales.
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS--GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS
COULD INCREASE THE COST AND AVAILABILITY OF HOVNANIAN'S DEVELOPMENT AND
HOMEBUILDING PROJECTS AND ADVERSELY AFFECT HOVNANIAN'S BUSINESS.
Hovnanian is subject to extensive and complex regulations that affect the
development and homebuilding process, including zoning, density and building
standards. These regulations often provide
14
<PAGE>
broad discretion to the administering governmental authorities. This can delay
or increase the cost of development or homebuilding.
Hovnanian is also subject to a variety of local, state, federal and foreign
laws and regulations concerning protection of health and the environment. The
particular environmental laws which apply to any given community vary greatly
according to the community site, the site's environmental conditions and the
present and former uses of the site. These environmental laws may result in
delays, may cause Hovnanian to incur substantial compliance, remediation, and/or
other costs, and can prohibit or severely restrict development and homebuilding
activity in certain environmentally sensitive regions or areas.
Despite Hovnanian's past ability to obtain necessary permits and approvals
for its communities, it can be anticipated that increasingly stringent
requirements will be imposed on developers and homebuilders in the future.
Although Hovnanian cannot predict the effect of these requirements, they could
result in time-consuming and expensive compliance programs and in substantial
expenditures, which could have a material adverse effect on Hovnanian's
operations. In addition, the continued effectiveness of permits already granted
or approvals already obtained is dependent upon many factors, some of which are
beyond Hovnanian's control, such as changes in policies, rules and regulations
and their interpretation and application.
COMPETITION--HOMEBUILDING IS VERY COMPETITIVE, AND COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS COULD
ADVERSELY AFFECT HOVNANIAN'S RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
The homebuilding industry is highly competitive and fragmented. Homebuilders
compete not only for home buyers, but also for desirable properties, financing,
raw materials and skilled labor. Hovnanian competes with other local, regional
and national homebuilders, often within larger subdivisions designed, planned
and developed by such homebuilders. Some of Hovnanian's competitors also have
greater sales and financial resources. In addition, resales of homes and the
availability of rental housing provide additional competition.
The competitive conditions in the homebuilding industry could result in:
- difficulty in acquiring suitable land at acceptable prices;
- increased selling incentives;
- lower sales; or
- delays in construction.
Any of these problems could adversely affect results of operations.
SUBSTANTIAL LEVERAGE--HOVNANIAN'S SUBSTANTIAL DEBT COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT
HOVNANIAN'S FINANCIAL HEALTH AND PREVENT US FROM FULFILLING HOVNANIAN'S
OBLIGATIONS.
Hovnanian has a significant amount of debt. As of July 31, 2000, giving
effect to the Washington Homes merger on that date, Hovnanian's consolidated
debt would have been $510.0 million. On October 2, 2000, Hovnanian completed a
$150 million debt offering, the proceeds of which retired $146.4 million of
debt. The amount of Hovnanian's debt could have important consequences to you.
For example, it could:
- limit Hovnanian's ability to obtain future financing for working capital,
capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements or other
requirements;
- require Hovnanian to dedicate a substantial portion of its cash flow from
operations to the payment on its debt and reduce its ability to use its
cash flow for other purposes;
15
<PAGE>
- limit Hovnanian's flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in
its business;
- place Hovnanian at a competitive disadvantage because it has more debt
than some of its competitors; and
- make Hovnanian more vulnerable in the event of a downturn in its business
or in general economic conditions.
Hovnanian's ability to meet its debt service and other obligations will
depend upon its future performance. Hovnanian is engaged in businesses that are
substantially affected by changes in economic cycles. Hovnanian's revenues and
earnings vary with the level of general economic activity in the markets it
serves. Hovnanian's businesses are also affected by financial, political,
business and other factors, many of which are beyond its control. The factors
that affect Hovnanian's ability to generate cash can also affect its ability to
raise additional funds for these purposes through the sale of equity securities,
the refinancing of debt or the sale of assets. Changes in prevailing interest
rates may affect Hovnanian's ability to meet its debt service obligations,
because borrowings under its revolving credit facilities bear interest at
floating rates.
Based on Hovnanian's current level of operations, Hovnanian believes its
cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under its
revolving credit facilities will be adequate to meet its future liquidity needs
for the long term. Hovnanian cannot assure you, however, that in the future its
business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that borrowings
will be available to it under its revolving credit facilities in an amount
sufficient to enable it to pay its indebtedness or to fund its other liquidity
needs. Hovnanian may need to refinance all or a portion of its debt on or before
maturity. Hovnanian can not assure you that it will be able to refinance any of
its debt, including its revolving credit facilities, on commercially reasonable
terms or at all.
The indentures governing Hovnanian's outstanding debt and its revolving
credit facilities impose restrictions on its operations and activities. The most
significant restrictions relate to debt incurrence, sales of assets and cash
distributions by Hovnanian and require it to comply with certain financial
covenants. If Hovnanian fails to comply with any of these restrictions or
covenants, the trustees or the banks, as appropriate, could cause Hovnanian's
debt to become due and payable prior to maturity.
FUTURE CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS--HOVNANIAN'S FUTURE GROWTH REQUIRES ADDITIONAL
CAPITAL WHOSE AVAILABILITY IS NOT ASSURED.
Hovnanian's operations require significant amounts of cash, and Hovnanian
will be required to seek additional capital, whether from sales of equity or
borrowing more money, for the future growth and development of its business.
Hovnanian can give no assurance as to the terms or availability of such
additional capital. Moreover, the indentures for Hovnanian's outstanding debt
contain provisions that may restrict the debt Hovnanian may incur in the future.
If Hovnanian is not successful in obtaining sufficient capital, it could reduce
Hovnanian's sales and may adversely affect Hovnanian's future growth and results
of operations.
FUTURE ACQUISITIONS--HOVNANIAN'S FUTURE GROWTH MAY INCLUDE ADDITIONAL
ACQUISITIONS, THE SUCCESS OF WHICH IS NOT ASSURED.
Although Hovnanian has not recently announced any acquisitions or mergers
other than the Washington Homes merger, in the future Hovnanian may acquire
other businesses. As a result of these acquisitions, Hovnanian may need to
integrate product lines, dispersed operations and distinct corporate cultures.
These integration efforts may not succeed or may distract Hovnanian's management
from operating its existing business. Hovnanian can give no assurance that it
will be able to realize the earnings enhancements that may be available.
Hovnanian's failure to successfully manage future acquisitions could harm its
operating results.
16
<PAGE>
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
WASHINGTON HOMES AND HOVNANIAN HAVE USED AND INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
"FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" IN THIS DOCUMENT, INCLUDING ONE OR MORE OF THE
FOLLOWING:
- DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANS OR OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT FOR FUTURE OPERATIONS,
PRODUCTS OR SERVICES;
- FORECASTS OF FUTURE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE;
- DESCRIPTIONS OF ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING OR RELATING TO ANY OF THE
FOREGOING.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CAN BE IDENTIFIED BY THE FACT THAT THEY DO NOT
RELATE STRICTLY TO HISTORICAL OR CURRENT FACTS. THEY OFTEN INCLUDE WORDS SUCH AS
"WILL PERMIT," "WILL AFFORD," "BELIEVES," "EXPECTS," "MAY," "SHOULD,"
"PROJECTED," "CONTEMPLATES," OR "ANTICIPATES." THESE STATEMENTS ARE WITHIN THE
MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 AND SECTION 21E OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT
COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY. WASHINGTON HOMES AND HOVNANIAN
HAVE USED THESE STATEMENTS TO DESCRIBE THEIR EXPECTATIONS AND ESTIMATES IN
VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT.
FACTORS THAT MIGHT CAUSE SUCH DIFFERENCES INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO:
THE TIMING OF CLOSING THE PROPOSED MERGER BEING DELAYED; COMPETITIVE PRESSURES
AMONG HOME BUILDERS INCREASING SIGNIFICANTLY; ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, EITHER
NATIONALLY OR LOCALLY IN AREAS IN WHICH HOVNANIAN AND WASHINGTON HOMES CONDUCT
THEIR OPERATIONS, BEING LESS FAVORABLE THAN EXPECTED; THE COST AND EFFORT
REQUIRED TO INTEGRATE ASPECTS OF THE OPERATIONS OF THE COMPANIES BEING MORE
DIFFICULT THAN EXPECTED; EXPECTED COST SAVINGS FROM THE PROPOSED MERGER NOT
BEING FULLY REALIZED OR REALIZED WITHIN THE EXPECTED TIME FRAME; AND LEGISLATION
OR REGULATORY CHANGES WHICH ADVERSELY AFFECT THE ABILITY OF HOVNANIAN AND
WASHINGTON HOMES TO CONDUCT ITS CURRENT AND FUTURE OPERATIONS. HOVNANIAN AND
WASHINGTON HOMES DISCLAIM ANY OBLIGATION TO UPDATE ANY SUCH FACTORS OR TO
PUBLICLY ANNOUNCE THE RESULT OF ANY REVISIONS TO ANY OF THE FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS INCLUDED IN THIS DOCUMENT TO REFLECT FUTURE EVENTS OR DEVELOPMENTS.
HOVNANIAN'S AND WASHINGTON HOMES' ACTUAL RESULTS COULD DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM
THOSE SET FORTH IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS BECAUSE OF MANY REASONS,
INCLUDING THE RISK FACTORS LISTED ABOVE. THIS LIST MAY NOT BE EXHAUSTIVE.
17
<PAGE>
THE WASHINGTON HOMES SPECIAL STOCKHOLDERS' MEETING
This document is being sent in order to provide you with important
information regarding Washington Homes' merger with a wholly-owned subsidiary of
Hovnanian and in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the board of
directors of Washington Homes for use at the special meeting of stockholders
described below. This document also constitutes the prospectus of Hovnanian with
respect to the shares of Hovnanian stock to be issued to the stockholders of
Washington Homes in the merger.
WHEN AND WHERE WASHINGTON HOMES WILL HOLD ITS SPECIAL MEETING
Washington Homes will hold a special meeting of stockholders at the
Greenbelt Marriott Hotel, 6400 Ivy Lane, Greenbelt, Maryland on , 2000
at 10:00 a.m. local time.
WHAT WILL BE VOTED ON AT THE WASHINGTON HOMES SPECIAL MEETING
- To consider and approve the merger agreement, and the merger of Washington
Homes with and into WHI Holding, with WHI Holding being the surviving
corporation, and related matters, and
- To transact such other business as may properly come before the Washington
Homes special meeting.
We may take action on the above matters at the Washington Homes special
meeting on , 2000, or any later date to which the meeting may be
postponed or adjourned.
The Washington Homes board of directors is unaware of other matters to be
voted on at the Washington Homes special meeting. If other matters do properly
come before the Washington Homes special meeting, including consideration of a
motion to adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place for the purpose of
soliciting additional proxies, Washington Homes intends that the persons named
in the proxies will vote, or not vote, on such other matters in their discretion
the shares represented by proxies in the accompanying form.
STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE
Washington Homes has set , 2000 as the record date to
determine which Washington Homes stockholders will be entitled to receive notice
of and to vote at the Washington Homes special meeting. As of the record date,
there were issued and outstanding shares of Washington Homes common
stock. Each Washington Homes stockholder on the record date is entitled to one
vote per share, and may cast such votes either in person or by properly executed
proxy.
VOTE REQUIRED TO APPROVE THE MERGER
Approval of the merger agreement, the merger and related matters requires
the affirmative vote of 66 2/3 percent of the outstanding shares of Washington
Homes common stock entitled to vote at the Washington Homes special meeting.
Abstentions and broker non-votes will have the same effect as votes against
approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger. Accordingly, the
Washington Homes Board urges Washington Homes stockholders to complete, date and
sign the accompanying proxy and return it promptly in the enclosed postage-paid
envelope.
The holders of Washington Homes common stock will be entitled to one vote
for each share of Washington Homes common stock they hold.
NUMBER OF SHARES THAT MUST BE REPRESENTED FOR A VOTE TO BE TAKEN
In order to have a quorum, a majority of the total voting power of the
outstanding shares of Washington Homes's common stock entitled to vote at the
Washington Homes special meeting must be
18
<PAGE>
represented in person or by proxy. Abstentions and broker non-votes will be
counted as present for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum. If a
quorum is not represented at the meeting, the stockholders represented and
entitled to vote at the meeting may adjourn the meeting to a date not more than
120 days after the original record date without giving notice other than
announcement at the meeting.
Stock exchange rules prohibit brokers who hold shares of Washington Homes
common stock in nominee or "street name" for customers who are the beneficial
owners of those shares from giving a proxy to vote shares held for those
customers on the matters to be considered and voted upon at the Washington Homes
meeting without specific instructions from those customers. We will count these
so called "broker non-votes," which we receive, for purposes of determining
whether a quorum exists.
STOCKHOLDINGS OF WASHINGTON HOMES BY CERTAIN PERSONS
For information with respect to the beneficial ownership of Washington Homes
common stock by each of Washington Homes' directors and certain of its executive
officers, by all directors and executive officers of Washington Homes as a group
and by each person known by Washington Homes to be the beneficial owner of more
than 5% of the outstanding shares of Washington Homes common stock, see
"Washington Homes Stock Ownership Information," beginning on page .
VOTING YOUR SHARES
The Washington Homes Board is soliciting proxies from the Washington Homes
stockholders. This will give you an opportunity to vote at the Washington Homes
special meeting. When you deliver a valid proxy, the shares represented by that
proxy will be voted by a named agent in accordance with your instructions. If
you do not vote by proxy or attend the Washington Homes meeting and vote in
person, it will have the same effect as voting against the merger agreement and
the merger. If you vote by proxy but make no specification on your proxy card
that you have otherwise properly executed, the agent will vote the shares FOR
approval of the merger agreement and approval of the merger.
The proxy card also authorizes the persons named on the proxy card to vote
in their discretion with regard to any other matter, other than the transaction
between Washington Homes and Hovnanian, that is properly presented for action at
the special meeting.
CHANGING YOUR VOTE
Any Washington Homes stockholder may revoke the proxy at any time before the
vote at the meeting in one or more of the following ways:
- You can complete a new proxy card and send it to Washington Homes, and the
new proxy card will automatically replace any earlier dated proxy card
that you previously returned;
- You can attend the stockholders' special meeting and vote in person.
Attending the special meeting will not by itself revoke your proxy; or
- You can send to Washington Homes a written notice of revocation, dated
after your proxy, stating that you would like to revoke your proxy.
You should send any written notice of revocation or subsequent proxy to
Washington Homes, 1802 Brightseat Road, Landover, Maryland 20785-4235,
Attention: Christopher Spendley, Secretary, or hand deliver the notice of
revocation or later-dated proxy to the Secretary of Washington Homes at or
before the taking of the vote at the Washington Homes special meeting.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO BE PRESENT AT THE SPECIAL MEETING
Deloitte & Touche LLP is Washington Homes's independent auditor. Washington
Homes expects representatives of Deloitte & Touche LLP to be present at the
Washington Homes special meeting and to have the opportunity to make a statement
if they desire to do so. Washington Homes also expects such representatives of
Deloitte & Touche LLP to be available to respond to appropriate questions.
SOLICITATION OF PROXIES AND COSTS
Washington Homes will bear its own costs of solicitation of proxies.
Washington Homes will make arrangements with brokerage houses, custodians,
nominees and fiduciaries for forwarding of proxy solicitation materials to
beneficial owners of shares held of record by such brokerage houses, custodians,
nominees and fiduciaries, and Washington Homes will reimburse such brokerage
houses, custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for their reasonable expenses
incurred in connection with the solicitation. In addition to solicitation by use
of the mails, Washington Homes may solicit from the Washington Homes
stockholders by directors, officers and employees acting on behalf of Washington
Homes in person or by telephone, telegraph, facsimile or other means of
communications. Washington Homes will not compensate such directors, officers
and employees but may reimburse them for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in
connection with such solicitation. You may direct any questions or requests for
assistance regarding this document and related proxy materials to Christopher
Spendley, Secretary of Washington Homes, by telephone at (301) 772-8900.
REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF SHARES YOU OWN, YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT TO
WASHINGTON HOMES. PLEASE COMPLETE, SIGN, DATE AND PROMPTLY RETURN THE
ACCOMPANYING PROXY CARD IN THE ENCLOSED POSTAGE-PAID ENVELOPE.
ADJOURNMENTS
The stockholders who are present at the Washington Homes special meeting can
adjourn or postpone the meeting. Among other things, they could do this to
permit solicitation of additional proxies. The proxies that are being solicited
by this document give the proxy holders discretion that would enable them to
vote to adjourn or postpone the meeting to which the proxies relate.
OTHER MATTERS
At the date of this document, the board of directors of Washington Homes
does not know of any business which will be presented at the meeting other than
the proposal regarding the merger of Washington Homes with Hovnanian and the
merger agreement. If any other matters properly come before the meeting, the
proxy holders will vote the shares represented by proxies with respect to those
matters in accordance with the proxy holders' judgment.
RECOMMENDATION OF WASHINGTON HOMES BOARD
The board of directors of Washington Homes has unanimously approved the
merger agreement and the merger. The Washington Homes Board believes that the
merger agreement, the merger contemplated by the merger agreement and related
matters are in the best interests of Washington Homes and the Washington Homes
stockholders, and recommends that the Washington Homes stockholders vote FOR
approval of the merger agreement, the merger and the related matters. See
"Recommendation of the Washington Homes Board and Reasons for the Merger,"
beginning on page for a discussion of the reasons the Washington Homes
board of directors recommends the merger.
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THE HOVNANIAN SPECIAL STOCKHOLDERS' MEETING
This document is being sent to you in order to provide you with important
information in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Hovnanian
board of directors for use at the Hovnanian special meeting of stockholders.
This document also constitutes the prospectus of Hovnanian with respect to the
shares of Hovnanian stock to be issued to the stockholders of Washington Homes
in the merger.
DATE, TIME AND PLACE OF THE HOVNANIAN SPECIAL MEETING
The special meeting is scheduled to be held as follows:
, 2000
local time
WHAT WILL BE VOTED ON AT THE HOVNANIAN SPECIAL MEETING
At the Hovnanian special meeting, Hovnanian's stockholders will be asked to:
- consider and approve the issuance of shares of Hovnanian stock to
Washington Homes stockholders in the merger; and
- transact any other business relating to the merger that properly comes
before the Hovnanian special meeting or any adjournment or postponement of
the special meeting.
We are submitting this proposal for the approval of stockholders of
Hovnanian under the rules of the American Stock Exchange.
The Hovnanian board of directors is unaware of other matters to be voted on
at the Hovnanian special meeting. If other matters do properly come before the
Hovnanian special meeting, including consideration of a motion to adjourn to
another time and/or place for the purpose of soliciting additional proxies,
Hovnanian intends that the persons named in the proxies will vote, or not vote,
on such other matters in their discretion the shares represented by proxies in
the accompanying form.
STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE
Hovnanian has set , 2000 as the record date to determine which
Hovnanian stockholders will be entitled to receive notice of and to vote at the
Hovnanian special meeting. As of the record date, there were issued
and outstanding shares of Hovnanian Class A common stock and issued
and outstanding shares of Hovnanian Class B common stock. Each Hovnanian
stockholder of Class A common stock on the record date is entitled to one vote
per share and each Hovnanian stockholder of Class B common stock on the record
date is entitled to ten votes per share. Hovnanian stockholders may cast such
votes either in person or by properly executed proxy.
VOTE REQUIRED
Under the rules of the American Stock Exchange, the affirmative vote of the
holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Hovnanian Class A common
stock and Hovnanian Class B common stock entitled to vote is required to
authorize the issuance of a sufficient number of shares of Hovnanian stock
necessary to complete the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement.
Principal stockholders of Hovnanian who own 70.7% of the aggregate voting power
of Hovnanian's Class A common stock and Class B common stock have agreed to vote
their shares in favor of, or to consent to approval of, the issuance of
Hovnanian stock in the merger. If these Hovnanian stockholders vote or
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consent as they have agreed, approval of the share issuance by Hovnanian is
assured even if no other Hovnanian stockholders vote to approve the share
issuance.
NUMBER OF SHARES THAT MUST BE REPRESENTED FOR A VOTE TO BE TAKEN
In order to have a quorum, a majority of the holders of record of the issued
and outstanding shares of Hovnanian's capital stock must be represented in
person or by proxy. Abstentions and "street name" shares as to which authority
to vote is withheld by the broker, "broker non-votes", will be counted as
present for purposes of determining the presence of a quorum.
STOCKHOLDINGS OF HOVNANIAN BY CERTAIN PERSONS
For information with respect to the beneficial ownership of Hovnanian common
stock by each of Hovnanian's directors and certain of its executive officers, by
all directors and executive officers of Hovnanian as a group and by each person
known by Hovnanian to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding
shares of Hovnanian common stock, see "Hovnanian Stock Ownership Information,"
beginning on page .
VOTING YOUR SHARES
The Hovnanian board of directors is soliciting proxies from the Hovnanian
stockholders. This will give you an opportunity to vote at the Hovnanian special
meeting. When you deliver a valid proxy, the shares represented by that proxy
will be voted by a named agent in accordance with your instructions. Abstentions
and broker non-votes will not affect the outcome of the vote on the proposal to
approve the share issuance. If you vote by proxy but make no specification on
your proxy card that you have otherwise properly executed, the agent will vote
the shares FOR approval of the share issuance in the merger.
The proxy card also authorizes the persons named on the proxy card to vote
in their discretion with regard to any other matter, other than the share
issuance, that is properly presented for action at the special meeting.
CHANGING YOUR VOTE
Any Hovnanian stockholder may revoke his or her proxy at any time before the
vote at the special meeting in one or more of the following ways:
- you can complete a new proxy and send it to Hovnanian and the new proxy
card will automatically replace any earlier dated proxy card that you
previously returned;
- you can attend the Hovnanian stockholders' special meeting and vote in
person. Attending the Hovnanian special meeting will not by itself revoke
your proxy; or
- you can send Hovnanian a written notice of revocation, dated after your
proxy, stating that you would like to revoke your proxy.
Hovnanian stockholders should send any written notice of revocation or
subsequent proxy to Hovnanian, 10 Highway 35, P.O. Box 500, Red Bank, New Jersey
07701, Attention: Peter S. Reinhart, Secretary, or hand deliver the notice of
revocation or later-dated proxy to the Secretary of Hovnanian before the taking
of the vote at the Hovnanian special meeting.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO BE PRESENT AT THE SPECIAL MEETING
Ernst & Young LLP is Hovnanian's independent auditor. Hovnanian expects
representatives of Ernst & Young LLP to be present at the Hovnanian special
meeting and to have an opportunity to
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make a statement if they desire to do so. Hovnanian also expects such
representatives of Ernst & Young LLP to be available to respond to appropriate
questions.
SOLICITATION OF PROXIES AND COSTS
Hovnanian will bear its own costs of solicitation of proxies for its special
meeting. Hovnanian will make arrangements with brokerage houses, custodians,
nominees and fiduciaries for forwarding of proxy solicitation materials to
beneficial owners of shares held of record by such brokerage houses, custodians,
nominees and fiduciaries, and Hovnanian will reimburse such brokerage houses,
custodians, nominees and fiduciaries for their reasonable expenses incurred in
connection with the solicitation. In addition to solicitation by use of the
mails, Hovnanian may solicit proxies from the Hovnanian stockholders by
directors, officers and employees acting on behalf of Hovnanian in person or by
telephone, telegraph, facsimile or other means of communication. Hovnanian will
not compensate such directors, officers and employees but may reimburse them for
reasonable out-of-pocket expenses in connection with such solicitation. You may
direct any questions or requests for assistance regarding this document and
related proxy materials to Peter S. Reinhart, Secretary of Hovnanian, by
telephone at (732) 747-7800. REGARDLESS OF THE NUMBER OF SHARES YOU OWN, IT IS
IMPORTANT THAT YOUR SHARES BE REPRESENTED AND VOTED AT THE MEETING. THEREFORE,
WE URGE YOU TO COMPLETE, SIGN, DATE AND RETURN THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD IN THE
POSTAGE-PAID ENVELOPE PROVIDED FOR THIS PURPOSE.
ADJOURNMENT
The stockholders who are present at the Hovnanian special meeting can
adjourn or postpone the meeting. Among other things, they could do this to
permit solicitation of additional proxies. The proxies that are being solicited
by this document give the proxy holders discretion that would enable them to
vote to adjourn or postpone the meeting to which the proxies relate.
OTHER MATTERS
At the date of this document, the board of directors of Hovnanian does not
know of any business that will be presented at the meeting other than the
proposal regarding the shares issuance in connection with the merger. If any
other matters properly come before the meeting, the proxy holders will vote the
shares represented by proxies with respect to those matters in accordance with
the proxy holders' judgment.
BOARD RECOMMENDATIONS
The board of directors of Hovnanian has unanimously approved the merger
agreement and the merger. The Hovnanian Board believes that the merger
agreement, the merger contemplated by the merger agreement and related matters
are in the best interests of Hovnanian and the Hovnanian stockholders, and
recommends that the Hovnanian stockholders vote FOR approval of the share
issuance of Hovnanian stock to Washington Homes stockholders in the merger. See
"Recommendation of the Hovnanian Board and Reasons for the Merger," beginning on
page for a discussion of the reasons the Hovnanian board of directors
recommends the merger and the share issuance in the merger.
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BACKGROUND OF THE TRANSACTION
For some time, the management of Washington Homes was disappointed by the
fact that, despite what it viewed as strong financial performance, the price to
earnings multiple at which the Washington Home's stock traded in the market was
significantly below that at which the stocks of other publicly-held companies,
outside of the homebuilding industry, traded. Management was also aware of the
fact that publicly-held companies which are in the small cap category in the
homebuilding industry, such as Washington Homes, traded at even lower multiples
than publicly-held companies in the medium cap and large cap categories in that
industry. Accordingly, while the management of Washington Homes was not yet
ready to recommend to its board of directors that a formal process for the sale
of Washington Homes be initiated, management, with the concurrence of the board,
decided to explore various possible alternatives to enhance shareholder value.
In the Fall of 1998, Washington Homes retained Wasserstein Perella &
Co., Inc., which we refer to in this document as "Wasserstein Perella," on an
exclusive basis, as financial advisor to explore various possible financial and
strategic alternatives that might be available in order to enhance the value of
the common stock of Washington Homes. Subsequently, Wasserstein Perella
conducted a thorough analysis of Washington Homes and its position in the
homebuilding industry and discussed with management various strategic
alternatives, including the sale of Washington Homes to certain strategic buyers
in the homebuilding industry, share repurchase programs, dutch auction
procedures, a going private transaction, acquisition of a smaller homebuilder
and other strategic alliances. After being approached by several companies,
informal discussions regarding a possible sale of Washington Homes were held
during 1999. No formal process for the sale of Washington Homes was authorized
or initiated, and no formal discussions pertaining to the sale of Washington
Homes were held with any prospective purchasers during that period.
In April 2000, management of Washington Homes, still disappointed by the
price levels at which its stock traded despite record results, revised its
arrangements with Wasserstein Perella to act as its financial advisor with
respect to a possible strategic transaction which would lead to the merger of
Washington Homes with, or its acquisition by, one of a short list of
approximately a half-dozen strategic candidates in the U.S. homebuilding
industry, including Hovnanian, which had been identified by management of
Washington Homes, in consultation with Wasserstein Perella, as being a good
strategic fit for Washington Homes. Wasserstein Perella was retained to act as
exclusive agent to attempt to arrange the sale of Washington Homes. Wasserstein
Perella had advised Washington Homes that the most effective way to initiate
serious discussions with prospective purchasers pertaining to a strategic
transaction would be to make formal overtures to a limited number of prospective
buyers as part of a formal process. Washington Homes, while it was willing to
use a formal process as a means of determining whether a transaction with
certain identified strategic buyers or merger partners was likely, did not want
to put a formal "for sale" sign on Washington Homes because of concerns about
the impact on and related risks regarding its employees, customers and
suppliers. Accordingly, in its role as financial advisor to Washington Homes,
Wasserstein Perella established a process whereby indications of interest to
acquire Washington Homes, and ultimately, formal acquisition proposals, were
sought from the approximately half-dozen strategic buyers which had been
previously identified.
At management's request, Wasserstein Perella contacted six potential
acquirors, including Hovnanian, to determine their interest in Washington Homes.
During the first week of June 2000, five of the six potential acquirors,
including Hovnanian, entered into confidentiality agreements and received a
confidential information memorandum describing the business and operations of
Washington Homes. Shortly thereafter, each of the prospective acquirors which
had signed a confidentiality agreement received a letter from Wasserstein
Perella explaining the procedures for the forthcoming process pertaining to a
possible transaction involving Washington Homes. Each was requested to provide a
list of dates over the next two week period on which its representatives would
be available to attend a presentation by the management of Washington Homes.
Each was also advised in that letter
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that following the presentations by the management of Washington Homes,
Wasserstein Perella would request from each of them a non-binding indication of
interest that included the following information: (i) an indication of the value
and the form of consideration relating to the proposed transaction and (ii) a
list of significant issues and assumptions that might affect the prospective
acquiror's level of interest, including the future role of current management of
Washington Homes following the consummation of any transaction. In addition, the
letter stated that, upon receiving the indications of interest, Washington Homes
would select a limited number of interested parties to visit a data room and
pursue further due diligence leading to the submission of a definitive offer.
Each letter further advised that qualified parties as determined by Washington
Homes would be provided with a form of purchase agreement specifying the terms
upon which Washington Homes would be willing to enter into a transaction. In
addition, each qualified prospective purchaser would be asked to submit a
written proposal that would specify the amount and form of consideration and
include the purchase agreement marked to show changes from the form provided.
Of the five prospective acquirors, four, including Hovnanian, held
discussions with the management of Washington Homes during the last week of June
and the first week of July. On July 5 and 6, 2000, each of the four prospective
acquirors which had held discussions with the management of Washington Homes
submitted confidential written, non-binding indications of interest to acquire
Washington Homes. The non-binding indications of interest from the four
prospective acquirors offered consideration consisting of stock or a mix of cash
and stock with values denominated by the respective bidders at prices ranging
from approximately $7.25 to $9.00 per share for Washington Homes common stock,
as well as certain other terms and conditions.
Based upon a review of those non-binding indications of interest, three,
including Hovnanian, of the prospective acquirors were offered access to a data
room containing public and non-public information pertaining to Washington Homes
which had been set up at the Washington, D.C. offices of Duane, Morris &
Heckscher LLP, counsel to Washington Homes, at its offices in Washington, D.C.,
commencing in mid-July. All three of the prospective acquirors availed
themselves of the opportunity to review the materials in the data room during
the third and fourth weeks of July and, in addition, two of the prospective
bidders, including Hovnanian, requested and received a tour of the operations of
Washington Homes in Maryland and Virginia.
Under cover of letters dated July 18, 2000, Wasserstein Perella invited each
of the three prospective acquirors which had been granted access to the data
room to submit a firm offer to acquire all of the outstanding common stock of
Washington Homes. The letters set forth certain procedures and guidelines and
stated that the deadline for the submission of offers was noon, Eastern Daylight
Time, on July 28, 2000. The procedures and guidelines contained in those letters
specified, among other things, that (1) only offers to acquire all of the
outstanding common stock of Washington Homes would be considered; (2) while
Washington Homes would consider and evaluate all forms of consideration, it was
Washington Homes' strong preference for its stockholders to be able, but not
required, to elect to receive for the common stock of Washington Homes up to 50%
of the consideration in the aggregate, and up to 100% on an individual basis
subject to proration, in the form of cash, with the remaining consideration to
be in the form of voting equity securities, which would be accorded tax-free
treatment; and (3) each prospective purchaser should indicate its willingness to
enter into an enclosed form of agreement and plan of merger, with a mark-up of
any changes desired set forth thereon.
During the period July 24 to July 27 representatives of Washington Homes
visited each of the three prospective purchasers to perform due diligence which
included financial and operational reviews, as well as an assessment of the
cultural fit with the potential acquirors.
On July 28, 2000, each of the prospective acquirors submitted written
proposals to acquire all of the outstanding common stock of Washington Homes.
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After bids were received, each bidder was advised to make its best and final
offer. Proposals ranging from $8.35 to $10.00 per share were received.
On August 2, 2000, a meeting of the board of directors of Washington Homes
was held for informational purposes to update the board with respect to the
status of the process pertaining to Washington Homes and to review with the
board the pros and cons of each of the three proposals submitted by the
prospective acquirors. After discussing the pros and cons of each of the three
proposals, it was decided that Washington Homes should initially pursue
discussions with one of the prospective bidders (other than Hovnanian).
Discussions with that prospective bidder were commenced, but were terminated
on August 3 because that bidder wanted to limit the stockholders of Washington
Homes the benefit of any upward movement in the stock component of its bid.
During the period from August 3 until August 8, discussions were also held
with another of the three prospective acquirors (other than Hovnanian), but
those discussions broke down when that acquiror stated that it wanted to make a
downward adjustment with respect to the exchange ratio it had proposed with
respect to the stock component of its bid because the market price of its stock
had increased since the date on which it had submitted its proposal.
During the week of August 14, Hovnanian's stock price increased and
Hovnanian contacted Washington Homes to see if this increase in the price of its
stock would be a sufficient basis for further discussions concerning the terms
of a definitive agreement and plan of merger between Washington Homes and
Hovnanian. The nominal value of the Hovnanian bid now appeared to be in excess
of $10.00 per share for Washington Homes' common stock as a result of the
increase in the market price of Hovnanian's stock and the fact that the exchange
ratio proposed in its bid submitted on July 28 would remain the same.
By means of a letter dated August 16, 2000, Hovnanian clarified its proposal
to acquire all of the stock of Washington Homes to indicate that the exchange
ratio for the stock component of its proposal would remain fixed at 1.39 shares
of Hovnanian stock for each share of Washington Homes common stock. That letter
also stated Hovnanian's recognition that "a collar, both up and down, will need
to be negotiated" and left open certain aspects regarding the treatment of the
unvested portions of stock options granted by Washington Homes.
A conference call was held among the representatives of Hovnanian and
Washington Homes on August 17. During that call it was agreed, among other
things, that representatives of Hovnanian would again visit the Washington Homes
data room at Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP on Monday, August 21 and that
representatives of Hovnanian and a representative of Washington Homes would also
meet to discuss questions which might arise as a result of Hovnanian's review of
the materials in the data room.
On August 18, 2000, a draft of a merger agreement was circulated by Duane,
Morris & Heckscher LLP. On August 22, 2000 representatives of Hovnanian and
Washington Homes met at the offices of Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP, in order
to negotiate the definitive terms of an agreement and plan of merger. The
parties conducted negotiations with respect to the terms of the agreement over
the next several days. The principal issues discussed during these negotiations
were the "cap" and "collar" arrangement for changing the number of shares of
Hovnanian stock to be issued to reflect fluctuations in market value, the
maximum amount of stock that would be included in the merger consideration, the
termination fees and expense reimbursement each party would receive if the
transaction did not take place, the circumstances under which such fees would be
payable, and the circumstances under which the board of Washington Homes could
enter into discussions with respect to what the board viewed as a superior
proposal from somebody other than Hovnanian. In addition, Hovnanian also
insisted as a condition to entering into a definitive merger agreement that
voting and option agreements, containing
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no exceptions even in the event of a superior proposal, be entered into by
members of the DeCesaris family who beneficially own approximately 49.4% of the
common stock of Washington Homes and that four executives of Washington Homes
(Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Thomas J. Pellerito, Christopher Spendley and Clayton
Miller) enter into employment agreements with Hovnanian at closing.
With respect to the employment agreements with the four designated
executives, the position of Washington Homes was that it would not be a party to
those agreements and that Hovnanian would have to negotiate directly with each
of those executives regarding the terms of such agreements. See "Interest of
Certain Persons in the Merger" beginning on page .
With respect to the voting and option agreements which Hovnanian requested
that members of the DeCesaris family enter into, Washington Homes also took the
position that it would not be a party to those agreements, but that any such
agreements, if they were entered into, should contain an exception, so that in
the event of a superior offer from a third party other than Hovnanian, such
voting and/or option agreements could be terminated by the members of the
DeCesaris family who had consented to enter into such agreements. Hovnanian
strongly disagreed with the views of Washington Homes regarding its position on
this issue. In addition, Washington Homes insisted that, if there were to be
voting agreements with the members of the DeCesaris family, then Washington
Homes wanted an agreement from members of the Hovnanian family which provided
that they would vote the shares of Hovnanian common stock beneficially owned by
them in favor of the issuance of the Hovnanian stock to be issued as a portion
of the consideration in the proposed merger.
As a result of subsequent negotiations, Hovnanian withdrew its requirement
for an option to purchase the shares of Washington Homes common stock held by
members of the DeCesaris family. However, Hovnanian continued to insist that
voting agreements containing no exception be entered into by members of the
DeCesaris family. Ultimately, representatives of Hovnanian and the members of
the DeCesaris family agreed that Geaton A. DeCesaris, Sr. and Geaton A.
DeCesaris, Jr., who beneficially own in the aggregate approximately 22.5% of the
outstanding shares of Washington Homes common stock, would enter into voting
agreements which contained no exception. Other members of the DeCesaris family,
who beneficially own in the aggregate approximately 26.9% of the outstanding
shares of Washington Homes common stock, would enter into voting agreements
which contained an exception for superior offers made by third parties, other
than third parties which had been granted access to information in the data
room, under specified conditions. In addition, Hovnanian also granted to members
of the DeCesaris family and one member of management, Thomas Pellerito, certain
registration rights to cause Hovnanian to register for resale shares of
Hovnanian stock acquired by them in the merger pursuant to the terms of a
Registration Rights Agreement. Members of the DeCesaris family were also granted
under certain conditions certain "tag along" rights with respect to any shares
of Hovnanian stock acquired by them pursuant to the terms of a Sale
Participation Agreement in the event that members of the Hovnanian family were
to sell 20% or more of the shares of Hovnanian common stock held by them.
For a more complete discussion of the terms and provisions of the Hovnanian
Voting Agreement, the Voting Agreements with the members of the DeCesaris
family, as well as the Registration Rights and Sale Participation Agreements,
see "Voting and Other Agreements" at page .
On August 27, 2000, Hovnanian's board of directors met, with four members
participating by conference telephone, to approve the transaction with
Washington Homes. The Hovnanian board unanimously approved the transaction with
Washington Homes.
On August 27, 2000, Washington Homes' board of directors met (with six
members participating by conference telephone) to discuss the proposed terms of
the merger agreement. At this meeting representatives of Wasserstein Perella
presented to the Washington Homes board Wasserstein Perella's review of the
proposed transaction, including but not limited to, Wasserstein Perella's belief
that the deal protection features included in the merger agreement would not in
and of themselves deter
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suitably motivated third parties from proposing alternative transactions. In
addition, Washington Homes' legal advisors reviewed with the Washington Homes
board the legal parameters surrounding the transaction, the terms and provisions
of the merger agreement and the board members' fiduciary duties with respect to
the transaction. The Washington Homes board was also made aware of the proposed
terms of the employment agreements to be entered into between Hovnanian and
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Thomas J. Pellerito, Christopher Spendley and Clayton
Miller, as well as the terms of the Voting Agreement between Washington Homes
and Kevork S. Hovnanian and Ara K. Hovnanian, the Voting Agreement between
Hovnanian and the members of the DeCesaris family, the Registration Rights
Agreement and the Sale Participation Agreement. Wasserstein Perella then
delivered to the Washington Homes board its written opinion that, based upon and
subject to the matters described in its opinion, the merger consideration to be
received by the Washington Homes stockholders was fair, from a financial point
of view, to those stockholders.
After further discussion and consideration of the terms and provisions of
the merger agreement and the advisability of consummating the merger, the
Washington Homes board unanimously approved the transaction with Hovnanian.
On August 28, 2000, the parties entered into the merger agreement. In
addition, Kevork S. Hovnanian and Ara K. Hovnanian executed a Voting Agreement
with Washington Homes and members of the DeCesaris family executed Voting
Agreements with Hovnanian. Also, members of the DeCesaris family and
Mr. Pellerito entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with Hovnanian and
members of the DeCesaris family entered into a Sale Participation Agreement with
Kevork S. Hovnanian and Ara K. Hovnanian. See "Voting and Other Agreements"
beginning on page .
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RECOMMENDATION OF THE WASHINGTON HOMES BOARD
AND REASONS FOR THE TRANSACTION
The board of directors of Washington Homes believes the merger enhances
stockholder value. The Washington Homes board of directors has determined that
the terms of the merger and the merger agreement are fair to, and in the best
interests of, Washington Homes and its stockholders. Accordingly, the Washington
Homes board of directors has unanimously approved the merger agreement and the
consummation of the merger and recommends that Washington Homes' stockholders
vote FOR approval of the merger agreement and the merger.
In reaching its decision to approve the merger agreement and the merger, the
Washington Homes' board of directors consulted with Washington Homes' senior
management, as well as Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP, its legal counsel, and
Wasserstein Perella, its independent financial advisor. The material factors
considered by the Washington Homes board in its deliberations were the
following:
- The financial terms of the merger, compared with the terms offered by
other prospective bidders, including the amount of cash and stock
comprising the merger consideration and the fact that this consideration
represented a significant premium over prevailing market prices of
Washington Homes' common stock as of the date the merger agreement was
signed;
- The review conducted by senior management of Washington Homes and its
financial advisor, Wasserstein Perella, of the strategic options available
to Washington Homes and the assessment of the senior management of
Washington Homes and its financial advisors that none of these options
presented superior opportunities, or were likely to create greater value
for Washington Homes' stockholders, than the prospects presented by the
merger;
- The small market capitalization for Washington Homes' stock and the
historically low market valuations at which its common stock has traded;
- Current market conditions for and historical trading information with
respect to Washington Homes' common stock;
- The current homebuilding industry environment, characterized by evolving
trends toward consolidation and increasing competition;
- The fact that depressed price/earnings multiples for all homebuilders have
been more pronounced for smaller publicly held homebuilders;
- The belief that the long-term prospects for Washington Homes' stockholders
would be greater owning the stock of the entity resulting from the
combination of Washington Homes with Hovnanian, as compared to holding
Washington Homes' stock, particularly if homebuilding stocks return to
their historical valuation levels;
- The review of other business combinations in the homebuilding industry;
- The belief that combining Washington Homes with Hovnanian will present
opportunities to create greater economies of scale, by combining personnel
resources, technology and land resources;
- Industry trends that emerging electronic commerce initiatives
significantly benefit from increased size of the industry participants;
- The combination of the constituent entities to the merger--Washington
Homes and Hovnanian--will result in an entity with larger market
capitalization, and by becoming a larger, more diverse and more
competitive homebuilder with greater financial and management resources,
the resultant entity will be able to compete more effectively in an
industry which is consolidating and becoming more competitive for land and
markets;
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- The opportunity for Washington Homes' stockholders to elect to receive the
merger consideration in a combination of stock and cash, all stock or all
cash;
- The belief that increased competition requires financial resources and
expenditures beyond Washington Homes' present capacity, and that the
merger will permit both companies to take greater advantage of
opportunities in their markets and product lines;
- The anticipated tax-free treatment to Washington Homes and the anticipated
tax-free treatment for its stockholders to the extent stock is received by
them in the merger;
- The terms of the merger agreement, including the possibility that the
voting agreements entered into with certain of the stockholders of
Washington Homes might discourage other parties that might have an
interest in a business combination with Washington Homes from making a
competing offer, but taking into account the fact that other prospective
bidders for Washington Homes were solicited and none offered financial and
other terms which were deemed to be as good as those offered by Hovnanian;
- The presentation of Wasserstein Perella to the Washington Homes board of
directors;
- The presentation of Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP to the Washington Homes
board of directors regarding their fiduciary duties;
- The opinion of Wasserstein Perella to the Washington Homes board that the
merger consideration was fair from a financial point of view to the
Washington Homes stockholders; and
- The fact that the further effect of the merger on Washington Homes'
constituencies other than its stockholders, including its customers,
employees and management, would be favorable.
The Washington Homes board also identified and considered a variety of
potential negative factors in its deliberations considering the merger,
including the following:
- The loss of control over the future operations of Washington Homes
following the merger;
- The impact of the loss of Washington Homes' status as an independent
company on Washington Homes' stockholders, employees, suppliers and
customers;
- The risk that the potential benefits sought in the merger might not be
fully realized;
- The risk that, despite the efforts of Hovnanian and Washington Homes, key
personnel might not remain employees of Hovnanian and Washington Homes
following the closing of the merger; and
- The potential for adverse price movement in the price of the Hovnanian
stock after the merger is consummated.
After due consideration, the Washington Homes board concluded that the
potential benefits of the merger outweighed the risks outlined above to the
Washington Homes stockholders.
The foregoing discussion of the information and factors considered by the
Washington Homes board is not intended to be exhaustive but is believed to
include all material factors considered by the Washington Homes board. In view
of the complexity and wide variety of information and factors, both positive and
negative, considered by the Washington Homes board, the Washington Homes board
did not find it practical to quantify, rank or otherwise assign relative or
specific weights to the factors considered. In addition, the Washington Homes
board did not reach any specific conclusion with respect to each of the factors
considered, or any aspect of any particular factor, but rather, conducted an
overall analysis of the factors described above, including discussions with
Washington Homes' management and legal and financial advisors. In considering
the factors described above, individual members of the Washington Homes board
may have given different weight to different factors. The
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Washington Homes board considered all these factors as a whole and believed the
factors supported its decision to approve the merger. After taking into
consideration all of the factors set forth above, the Washington Homes board
concluded that the merger was fair to, and in the best interests of, Washington
Homes and its stockholders and that Washington Homes should proceed with the
merger.
BASED ON THE FACTORS DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE WASHINGTON HOMES BOARD OF
DIRECTORS UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS VOTE
"FOR" ADOPTION OF THE MERGER AGREEMENT AND APPROVAL OF THE MERGER.
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OPINION OF WASHINGTON HOMES' FINANCIAL ADVISOR
In the fall of 1998, Washington Homes retained Wasserstein Perella to
explore financial and strategic alternatives that would enhance the value of the
common stock of Washington Homes. Subsequently, Wasserstein Perella conducted an
analysis of Washington Homes and its position in the homebuilding industry and
discussed with management various alternatives, including the sale of Washington
Homes to certain strategic buyers in the U.S. homebuilding industry. While
informal discussions regarding a possible sale of Washington Homes were held
with several prospective buyers during 1999, no formal process for the sale of
Washington Homes was authorized or initiated and no formal discussions
pertaining to the sale of Washington Homes were held with any prospective
purchasers during that period.
In April 2000, Washington Homes revised its arrangements with Wasserstein
Perella and began to consider a possible business combination with certain
strategic buyers in the U.S. homebuilding industry, which had been identified by
management of Washington Homes in consultation with Wasserstein Perella. At the
time of Wasserstein Perella's engagement to assist Washington Homes with respect
to a possible business combination, no specific business combination
transactions were under consideration by Washington Homes. In its role as
financial advisor to Washington Homes, Wasserstein Perella established a process
whereby indications of interest to acquire Washington Homes and, ultimately,
formal acquisition proposals, were sought from approximately six potential
strategic buyers. On August 27, 2000, Wasserstein Perella delivered its oral
opinion, subsequently confirmed in writing in an opinion dated August 27, 2000,
to Washington Homes' board of directors to the effect that, as of that date and
subject to the various assumptions and limitations set forth in the opinion, the
consideration to be received by holders of Washington Homes' common stock in the
merger was fair, from a financial point of view, to those holders.
THE FULL TEXT OF THE OPINION OF WASSERSTEIN PERELLA, DATED AUGUST 27, 2000,
WHICH SETS FORTH, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE OPINION EXPRESSED, THE ASSUMPTIONS
MADE, PROCEDURES FOLLOWED, MATTERS CONSIDERED AND LIMITATIONS ON THE REVIEW
UNDERTAKEN BY WASSERSTEIN PERELLA IN CONNECTION WITH THAT OPINION, IS ATTACHED
AS ANNEX II TO THIS DOCUMENT AND IS INCORPORATED INTO THIS DOCUMENT BY
REFERENCE. HOLDERS OF SHARES OF WASHINGTON HOMES COMMON STOCK ARE URGED TO READ
THE WASSERSTEIN PERELLA OPINION CAREFULLY IN ITS ENTIRETY. THE WASSERSTEIN
PERELLA OPINION IS DIRECTED ONLY TO THE FAIRNESS, FROM A FINANCIAL POINT OF
VIEW, TO THE HOLDERS OF THE COMMON STOCK OF WASHINGTON HOMES AS OF THE DATE
THEREOF AND IT DOES NOT ADDRESS ANY OTHER ASPECT OF THE TRANSACTIONS
CONTEMPLATED BY THE MERGER AGREEMENT. THE WASSERSTEIN PERELLA OPINION DOES NOT
CONSTITUTE A RECOMMENDATION TO ANY SHAREHOLDER WITH RESPECT TO HOW THAT
SHAREHOLDER SHOULD VOTE WITH RESPECT TO THE MERGER. REFERENCES TO THE
WASSERSTEIN PERELLA OPINION IN THIS DOCUMENT AND THE SUMMARY OF THE WASSERSTEIN
PERELLA OPINION SET FORTH BELOW ARE QUALIFIED IN THEIR ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO
THE FULL TEXT OF THE OPINION.
In arriving at its opinion, Wasserstein Perella reviewed, among other
things:
- a draft of the merger agreement, which, for purposes of the opinion, was
assumed not to differ in any material respect from the final form thereof;
- certain publicly available business and financial information relating to
Washington Homes and Hovnanian, which Wasserstein Perella deemed to be
relevant;
- certain internal non-public financial and operating information of
Washington Homes, including estimates and financial forecasts prepared by
the management of Washington Homes, that were provided to Wasserstein
Perella by Washington Homes;
- certain financial and stock market data related to Washington Homes and
Hovnanian and compared this data with similar data for certain other
companies, the securities of which are publicly traded, that Wasserstein
Perella deemed to be relevant; and
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- the financial terms of the merger, and compared these terms with the
financial terms of certain other transactions, which Wasserstein Perella
deemed to be relevant to its inquiry.
Wasserstein Perella also held discussions with the management of each of
Washington Homes and Hovnanian about the respective businesses, operations,
assets, financial condition and future prospects of Washington Homes and
Hovnanian, respectively. Wasserstein Perella also performed such studies,
analyses and investigations and reviewed other information as it considered
appropriate for purposes of arriving at and preparing its opinion.
In conducting its analysis and arriving at its opinion, Wasserstein Perella
assumed and relied upon the accuracy and completeness of all financial and other
information that was provided to or discussed with it or was publicly available,
and did not assume any responsibility for independently verifying this
information. Wasserstein Perella also relied upon the reasonableness and
accuracy of the financial information and analyses provided to it and assumed
that all financial information and analyses provided by Washington Homes and
Hovnanian were prepared in good faith and on bases reflecting the best currently
available judgments and estimates of the respective management of Washington
Homes and Hovnanian. Wasserstein Perella did not express any opinion with
respect to such financial information and analyses or the assumptions upon which
they are based. In addition, Wasserstein Perella did not review any of the books
and records of Washington Homes or Hovnanian, except as described above, or
assume any responsibility for conducting a physical inspection of the properties
or facilities of Washington Homes or Hovnanian, or for making or obtaining an
independent valuation or appraisal of the assets or liabilities, contingent or
otherwise, of Washington Homes or Hovnanian, and Wasserstein Perella was not
provided with any such independent valuation or appraisal. Wasserstein Perella
noted that the merger is intended to qualify as a reorganization within the
meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and Wasserstein Perella
assumed that the merger will qualify as such a reorganization. Wasserstein
Perella was not asked to and did not express any opinion as to the tax
consequences of the merger to any holder of Washington Homes common stock.
Wasserstein Perella also assumed that the transactions described in the merger
agreement would be consummated on the terms set forth in the draft of the merger
agreement made available to it, without material waiver or modification.
Wasserstein Perella's opinion was necessarily based on economic and market
conditions and other circumstances as they existed and could be evaluated by
Wasserstein Perella on the date of its opinion. In addition, Wasserstein Perella
did not express any opinion as to the price or trading range at which Hovnanian
common stock will trade following the merger.
The Wasserstein Perella opinion did not address Washington Homes' underlying
business decision to effect the merger. Except as expressly set forth in this
document, no special instructions were given to Wasserstein Perella relating to
its review, and no limitations were imposed with respect to investigations made
or procedures followed by Wasserstein Perella in rendering the Wasserstein
Perella opinion. Wasserstein Perella was not requested to recommend the amount
of consideration to be paid in the merger.
In arriving at its opinion, Wasserstein Perella performed quantitative
analyses and considered a number of factors. The preparation of an opinion as to
the fairness of a transaction from a financial point of view involves various
determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant methods of financial and
comparative analysis and the application of those methods to the particular
circumstances. In arriving at its opinion, Wasserstein Perella did not assign
any relative weight to any analysis or factor considered but rather made
qualitative judgments as to the significance and relevance of each analysis and
factor.
The following is a summary of the material financial analyses performed by
Wasserstein Perella in connection with providing its opinion to the Washington
Homes' board of directors. Certain of the summaries of financial analyses
include information presented in tabular form. In order to fully
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understand the financial analyses used by Wasserstein Perella, the tables must
be read together with the text accompanying the tables. The tables alone do not
constitute a complete description of the financial analyses. In particular, you
should note that, as discussed above, Wasserstein Perella made qualitative
judgments as to the significance and relevance of each analysis and factor when
applying the various valuation methods to the particular circumstances of
Washington Homes, Hovnanian and the merger. In addition, Wasserstein Perella
made numerous assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business
and economic conditions, and other matters, many of which are beyond the control
of Washington Homes and Hovnanian. Accordingly, the analyses listed in the
tables and described below must be considered as a whole. Considering any
portion of the analyses and the factors considered, without considering all
analyses and factors, could create a misleading or incomplete view of the
process underlying the Wasserstein Perella opinion. Accordingly, Wasserstein
Perella believes that its analysis must be considered as a whole and that
considering any portions of those analyses and of the factors considered,
without considering all analyses and factors, could create a misleading or
incomplete view of the processes underlying those analyses and its opinion.
ACQUISITION SUMMARY
Wasserstein Perella noted that, with an offer comprised of an option to
receive (i) $10.08 per share in cash for each share of Washington Homes common
stock, (ii) 1.39 shares of Hovnanian's class A common stock for each share of
Washington Homes common stock or (iii) a combination of cash and stock, the
merger would provide for a total implied purchase price of $136.8 million,
including the assumption of $62.0 million in debt that was outstanding on
April 30, 2000. That figure assumes a purchase price per share of Washington
Homes common stock of $9.95 per share, which in turn assumes that (x) 49.9% of
the consideration will be in the form of cash, (y) there will be 8,340,813
shares of Washington Homes common stock outstanding on a fully diluted basis on
the closing date of the merger, and (z) the merger will be consummated on or
about November 30, 2000.
COMPARABLE COMPANY TRADING ANALYSIS
Wasserstein Perella reviewed the stock market trading multiples and certain
other financial data for select companies that Wasserstein Perella deemed
comparable to Washington Homes. Using publicly available information,
Wasserstein Perella calculated and analyzed common equity market valuation
multiples based on, among other things, earnings per share and tangible book
value, and enterprise valuation multiples based on, among other things, earnings
before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, as of
August 25, 2000, the last trading day prior to the Washington Homes Board of
Directors meeting to consider the potential merger.
Based on these calculations, Wasserstein Perella noted that the enterprise
valuation multiple range was 4.0 to 5.0 times estimated earnings per share for
fiscal 2000, 0.8 to 1.0 times tangible book value and 3.5 to 5.0 times EBITDA
for the preceding twelve month period.
Assuming a 30% equity control premium in connection with any
change-in-control transaction, which Wasserstein Perella believed was
appropriate based on its experience and is consistent with the premium paid
analysis described below, Wasserstein Perella then calculated the implied
enterprise value of Washington Homes based on the valuation multiples described
above. Wasserstein Perella noted that the proposed purchase price was within the
foregoing range and that this fact supported a determination that the proposed
purchase price was fair to the Washington Homes stockholders.
COMPARABLE ACQUISITION ANALYSIS
Wasserstein Perella reviewed publicly available information to determine the
purchase price and multiple paid in certain transactions involving target
companies that Wasserstein Perella considered comparable to Washington Homes.
Wasserstein Perella calculated the enterprise value of such
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comparable transactions and applied it to certain historical financial criteria
of the acquired business, including book value. Wasserstein Perella then
calculated the implied enterprise value of Washington Homes based on the
preceding historical financial criteria and derived a range of values.
Wasserstein Perella noted that the proposed purchase price was within the
valuation range and that this fact supported a determination that the proposed
purchase price was fair to the Washington Homes stockholders.
The following table presents the high and low book value multiples for
select transactions and this transaction:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMPARABLE
ACQUISITIONS
------------------- WASHINGTON
LOW HIGH HOMES
-------- -------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ENTERPRISE VALUE TO:
Book Value............................................ 0.8x 1.0x 1.0x
</TABLE>
PREMIUM PAID ANALYSIS
Wasserstein Perella reviewed 255 transactions announced between January 1,
1996 and July 26, 2000 involving mergers of publicly-held companies with a
transaction value ranging from $50.0 million to $300.0 million to derive a mean
of premiums paid over the public trading prices one month, one week and one day
before the announcement of each transaction. In connection with this analysis,
Wasserstein Perella noted, among other things, that (1) the reasons for, and
circumstances surrounding, each of the transactions analyzed were diverse,
(2) the characteristics of the companies involved were not necessarily
comparable to those of Washington Homes and Hovnanian and (3) premiums fluctuate
based on perceived growth, synergies, strategic value, the type of consideration
utilized in the transaction, information in the securities markets and other
factors.
Wasserstein Perella's premium paid analysis indicated that the mean of
premiums paid in the transactions over the public per share trading prices one
month, one week and one day before the announcement was 37%, 33% and 30%,
respectively. Based on this range of implied premiums, Wasserstein Perella noted
that the proposed purchase price was within the foregoing range and that this
fact supported a determination that the proposed purchase price was fair from a
financial point of view to the Washington Homes stockholders.
However, because the circumstances surrounding each of the transactions
analyzed were so diverse and because of the inherent differences in the
businesses, operations, financial condition and prospects of Washington Homes
and the companies included in the comparable transactions group, Wasserstein
Perella informed the Washington Homes board of directors that it believed a
purely quantitative premium paid analysis would not be meaningful in the context
of the merger. Instead, an analysis of the results of the foregoing necessarily
involves complex considerations and judgments concerning financial and operating
characteristics of Washington Homes and other factors that could affect the
public trading values of the companies to which they are being compared.
DISCOUNTED CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
Wasserstein Perella performed a discounted cash flow analysis of Washington
Homes using, in part, operating projections provided by Washington Homes'
management. In performing its discounted cash flow analysis, Wasserstein Perella
made various assumptions and applied valuation parameters that it deemed
appropriate.
Utilizing the projections provided by Washington Homes' management,
Wasserstein Perella calculated the theoretical discounted present value per
share for Washington Homes common stock by adding together (a) the projected
future stream of unlevered free cash flow through the fiscal year
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ending July 31, 2004 and (b) the projected continuing value of Washington Homes,
as a stand-alone entity, at the end of the fiscal year ending July 31, 2004
defined as the terminal value. The terminal value was calculated based on
earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization multiples of
3.0x, 4.0x and 5.0x. The cash flow streams and the terminal values were then
discounted to present values using a range of discount rates from 10% to 13%. By
adding the present value of the cash flow streams and terminal value and
subtracting the net debt at April 30, 2000, a range of implied equity values for
Washington Homes was determined. Based on the analysis above, Wasserstein
Perella arrived at an implied purchase price per share valuation range of $8.11
to $18.68 per share. Wasserstein Perella noted that the proposed purchase price
was within the foregoing range and that this fact supported a determination that
the proposed purchase price was fair from a financial point of view to the
Washington Homes stockholders.
Wasserstein Perella is an investment banking firm engaged in, among other
things, the valuation of businesses and their securities in connection with
mergers and acquisitions, negotiated underwritings, competitive biddings,
secondary distributions of listed and unlisted securities, private placements
and valuations for corporate and other purposes. Washington Homes retained
Wasserstein Perella as its financial advisor because Wasserstein Perella is an
internationally recognized investment banking firm and members of Wasserstein
Perella have substantial experience in transactions such as the merger and in
valuing companies. Prior to its initial engagement by Washington Homes in
September 1998, Wasserstein Perella provided no investment banking services to
Washington Homes, and during the past two years, the aggregate amount of
compensation received from Washington Homes by Wasserstein Perella was $100,000.
In the ordinary course of its business, Wasserstein Perella and its affiliates
may trade securities of Washington Homes and, before completion of the merger,
Hovnanian for the accounts of Wasserstein Perella and for the accounts of its
customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold a long or short position in
those securities.
TERMS OF WASSERSTEIN PERELLA'S ENGAGEMENT
Pursuant to the terms of the engagement letter, dated April 28, 2000,
between Washington Homes and Wasserstein Perella, Washington Homes agreed to pay
Wasserstein Perella a fee ranging from 1.25% to 2.0% of the aggregate
consideration, which includes assumption of any debt, paid in any transaction.
Washington Homes also agreed to reimburse Wasserstein Perella's reasonable
expenses, including the fees and disbursements of its counsel, whether or not
the merger is consummated. Washington Homes also has agreed to indemnify and
defend Wasserstein Perella and certain related persons against certain
liabilities and expenses, relating to or arising out of its engagement,
including certain liabilities under the federal securities laws.
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RECOMMENDATION OF THE HOVNANIAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS
AND REASONS FOR THE TRANSACTION
The board of directors of Hovnanian believes the merger enhances stockholder
value. The Hovnanian board of directors has determined that the terms of the
merger and the merger agreement are fair to, and in the best interests of,
Hovnanian and its stockholders. Accordingly, the Hovnanian board of directors
has unanimously approved the merger agreement and the merger and recommends that
Hovnanian stockholders vote FOR approval of the issuance of Class A common stock
to Washington Homes stockholders in the merger.
In reaching its decision to approve the merger agreement and the merger, the
Hovnanian board of directors consulted with Hovnanian's senior management as
well as Simpson Thacher & Bartlett, its legal counsel. The material factors
considered by the Hovnanian board in its deliberations were the following:
- The current homebuilding industry environment, characterized by evolving
trends toward consolidation and increasing competition;
- The belief that the long-term prospects for Hovnanian's stockholders would
be greater after the combination of Hovnanian and Washington Homes;
- The review of other business combinations in the homebuilding industry;
- The similar focus of Washington Homes on quality and profitability;
- The belief that combining Hovnanian and Washington Homes will present
opportunities to create greater economies of scale, by combining personnel
resources, technology and land resources;
- The fact that Washington Homes operates in complementary markets, which
will enhance Hovnanian's market concentration strategy;
- The fact that the combination of Hovnanian and Washington Homes will
result in a company with larger market capitalization, and by becoming a
larger, more diverse and more competitive homebuilder with greater
financial and management resources, the resultant company will be able to
compete more effectively in an industry which is consolidating and
becoming more competitive for land and markets;
- The belief that the increased size and focused market concentration of
Hovnanian following the merger will provide powers and economies of scale
that should lead to superior returns for Hovnanian's stockholders;
- The belief the combination will give associates a wider stage and a more
advantageous environment in which to grow and advance; and
- The experience and strong leadership the team of Washington Homes
executive officers and associates would bring to Hovnanian.
The Hovnanian board also identified and considered a variety of potential
negative factors in its deliberations considering the merger, including the
following:
- The risk that the potential benefits sought in the merger might not be
fully realized;
- The risk that, despite the efforts of Hovnanian and Washington Homes, key
personnel might not remain employees of Hovnanian and Washington Homes
following the closing of the merger; and
- The potential for adverse price movement in the price of Hovnanian stock
after the merger is consummated.
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In view of the wide variety of factors considered in connection with its
evaluation of the merger and the complexity of these matters, the Hovnanian
board did not find it useful, and did not attempt, to quantify, rank or
otherwise assign relative weights to these factors. In addition, the Hovnanian
board did not undertake to make any specific determination as to whether any
particular factor, or any aspect of any particular factor, was favorable or
unfavorable to the Hovnanian board's ultimate determination, but rather the
Hovnanian board conducted an overall analysis of the factors described above,
including thorough discussion with, and questioning of Hovnanian's management
and legal advisors. In considering the factors described above, individual
members of Hovnanian's board may have given different weight to different
factors.
The Hovnanian board considered all these factors as a whole, and overall
considered the factors to be favorable to, and to support its determination.
BASED ON THE FACTORS DESCRIBED ABOVE, THE HOVNANIAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS
UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT THE HOVNANIAN STOCKHOLDERS VOTE "FOR" APPROVAL OF
THE ISSUANCE OF HOVNANIAN CLASS A COMMON STOCK IN THE MERGER.
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TERMS OF HOVNANIAN'S ACQUISITION OF WASHINGTON HOMES
The following summary describes the material terms and provisions of the
merger agreement and the merger. We have attached a copy of the merger agreement
to this document as Annex A, and we have incorporated it into this document by
reference. We urge all stockholders to read the merger agreement carefully in
its entirety. We qualify this summary in its entirety by reference to the merger
agreement.
GENERAL
We expect to complete the merger in the fourth quarter of the 2000 calendar
year. Each share of Washington Homes common stock issued and outstanding at the
effective time of the merger will convert into the right to receive, at the
election of the holder, 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock, cash in an amount equal
to $10.08 or a combination of shares and cash. SEE "Terms of Hovnanian's
Acquisition of Washington Homes--Merger Consideration," beginning on page .
Upon completion of the merger, Hovnanian will issue to the former Washington
Homes stockholders an aggregate maximum of approximately 6.8 million shares of
Hovnanian common stock for all the shares of Washington Homes common stock
outstanding as of the effective time of the merger. This calculation assumes
that 60% of the aggregate dollar value of the merger consideration will be
Hovnanian common stock and that the closing price of Hovnanian stock is $7 1/16.
Under the merger agreement, Washington Homes will merge with and into WHI
Holding Co., Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hovnanian, which we refer to as
WHI Holding, and following the merger the separate corporate existence of
Washington Homes will cease. WHI Holding will survive and continue its corporate
existence as a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hovnanian.
The merger of Washington Homes with and into WHI Holding will become effective
on the date and time specified in the appropriate articles of merger filed with
the State Department of Assessments and Taxation for the State of Maryland and
in the certificate of merger filed with the Secretary of State of the State of
Delaware. Completion of the merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of
conditions set forth in the merger agreement and described in "Terms of
Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Conditions to Complete the Merger,"
beginning on page . We refer below to the time of effectiveness of the
merger of Washington Homes with and into WHI Holding as the effective time of
the merger.
The WHI Holding Certificate of Incorporation will be the Certificate of
Incorporation of the combined company upon completion of the merger. The WHI
Holding by-laws will be the by-laws of the combined company.
MERGER CONSIDERATION
In the merger, holders of Washington Homes common stock will receive, at the
election of the holder, shares of Hovnanian common stock, cash or a combination
of shares and cash as described in detail below.
As of the effective time of the merger, each share of Washington Homes
common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time,
including shares held in the Deferred Compensation Incentive Plan but not
including certain cancelled shares, will be converted, at the election of the
holder of each such share, into the right to receive one of the following:
- 1.39 fully paid and non-assessable shares of Hovnanian Class A common
stock, which we refer to in this document as the "exchange ratio";
- $10.08 in cash from Hovnanian, without interest; or
- a combination of shares of Hovnanian stock and cash.
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The value of each share of Hovnanian stock will vary depending on its market
trading price. The market prices of Hovnanian stock and Washington Homes common
stock will fluctuate prior to the merger in the normal course of trading on a
day-to-day basis. You should obtain current stock price quotations for each
company's stock. You can get these quotations from a newspaper, on the Internet,
or by calling your broker.
For those holders that fail to return the election form or indicate no
preference on the form, those stockholders will be deemed to have made a
non-election, and Hovnanian will choose, in its sole discretion and for the
entire group of such holders, whether such holders will receive cash, stock or a
combination of cash and stock.
In the merger agreement, the closing price is defined as the average of the
closing trade prices of Hovnanian stock as reported on the American Stock
Exchange for the twenty consecutive trading days ending on the third trading day
before the closing date of the merger. If the closing price of Hovnanian stock
is less than $5.65 per share, then Hovnanian in its sole discretion may elect to
modify the exchange ratio so that each share of Washington Homes common stock
would be convertible into that number of shares of Hovnanian stock equal to the
number derived by dividing
- $5.65
- by the closing price of Hovnanian stock, as defined in the preceding
paragraph
- multiplied by
- 1.39, which is the original exchange ratio.
If Hovnanian determines not to exercise its election, then Washington Homes
in its sole discretion may elect to terminate the merger agreement. If
Washington Homes declines to exercise its election, then the exchange ratio
would be 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock for each share of Washington Homes
common stock.
If the closing price, as defined above, of Hovnanian stock is greater than
$8.47 per share, then Hovnanian in its sole discretion may elect to terminate
the merger agreement. Irrespective of the closing price of Hovnanian stock, as
defined above, each share of Washington Homes common stock would continue to be
converted into the right to receive $10.08 in cash.
In addition, the merger agreement provides that the aggregate number of
shares of Washington Homes common stock to be converted into the right to
receive the cash consideration of $10.08 per share may not be greater than 49.9%
of the shares of Washington Homes common stock issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the effective time of the merger; and that the aggregate
number of shares of Hovnanian stock into which shares of Washington Homes common
stock may be converted may be no greater than the number of shares of Hovnanian
stock that, when multiplied by the closing price, as defined above, would
represent 60% of the aggregate dollar value of the total merger consideration.
In order to satisfy these aggregate limitations of the cash and stock
consideration, Hovnanian may make adjustments to the elections made by each of
the Washington Homes stockholders, as explained below.
In the event that the elections of holders result in an aggregate number of
shares of Washington Homes common stock to be converted into the right to
receive the cash consideration of $10.08 per share greater than 49.9% of the
number of issued and outstanding shares of Washington Homes common stock, a
fewer number of shares that were elected by holders to be exchanged for cash
consideration would be exchanged for the $10.08 cash consideration, and instead,
those shares that were not exchanged for cash would be exchanged for 1.39 shares
of Hovnanian common stock in order to compensate for the lower amount of shares
being exchanged for cash consideration.
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In the event that the elections of holders result in an aggregate dollar
value of the stock consideration greater than 60% of the total dollar value of
the stock and cash consideration, a fewer number of shares that were elected by
holders to be exchanged for stock consideration would be exchanged for the 1.39
shares of Hovnanian stock, and instead, those shares that were not exchanged for
stock would be exchanged for $10.08 in cash in order to compensate for the lower
amount of shares being exchanged for stock consideration.
At the effective time of the merger, all issued and outstanding shares of
Washington Homes common stock will be cancelled and will cease to exist, and
holders of Washington Homes common stock will cease to be stockholders of
Washington Homes and will no longer have any rights as Washington Homes
stockholders other than the right to receive consideration in the merger. After
the effective time, there will be no transfers on Washington Homes' stock
transfer books of any shares of Washington Homes common stock.
The merger agreement further provides that if either Simpson Thacher &
Bartlett, attorneys for Hovnanian, or Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP, attorneys
for Washington Homes, is unable to opine that the merger will qualify under
Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code as a tax-free reorganization, the
amount of cash consideration would be decreased and the amount of Hovnanian
stock consideration would be concomitantly increased to the minimum extent
necessary to enable the relevant tax opinions to be rendered. SEE "Material
United States Federal Income Tax Consequences of the Merger," beginning on page
.
ELECTION OF CONSIDERATION BY STOCKHOLDERS OF WASHINGTON HOMES
A form of election accompanies this document. Washington Homes and Hovnanian
will make available one or more election forms to persons who become
stockholders of Washington Homes between the record date and the close of
business on the day prior to the election deadline. The merger agreement has
established the election deadline as 5:00 P.M. eastern time on the last business
day prior to the closing date of the merger. Hovnanian will publicly announce
the election deadline no less than five trading days before the closing date. To
be effective, the election form must be properly completed, signed and submitted
to the exchange agent and accompanied by the holders' stock certificates
representing the shares of Washington Homes common stock for which the election
is being made. Hovnanian will have the discretion, which it may delegate to the
exchange agent, to reasonably determine whether the election forms have been
properly completed, signed and submitted or revoked and to disregard immaterial
defects in the election forms. The decision of Hovnanian or the exchange agent
in these matters will be conclusive and binding.
Any holder of Washington Homes common stock who has made an election by
submitting an election form may at any time prior to the election deadline
change such holder's election by submitting a revised election form, which is
properly completed and signed, to the exchange agent prior to the election
deadline. Any holder of shares of Washinton Homes common stock may at any time
prior to the election deadline revoke his or her election and withdraw his or
her stock certificates deposited with the exchange agent by written notice to
the exchange agent; to be effective, the exchange agent must receive this notice
by 5:00 P.M. eastern time on the day prior to the election deadline.
A holder of Washington Homes common stock who does not submit an election
form which the exchange agent receives prior to the election deadline or who
submits and then revokes his or her election and does not resubmit an election
form in a timely manner shall be deemed to have made a non-election. In
addition, if Hovnanian or the exchange agent determines that any purported
election was not properly made or is defective in any manner that the exchange
agent cannot reasonably determine the holder's election preference, Hovnanian
will deem the holder's purported election of no force and effect and therefore
as a non-election.
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DIVIDENDS
Hovnanian has never paid cash dividends and expects that after the merger,
it will continue its past practice of not paying cash dividends on the shares of
its common stock. SEE "Description of Hovnanian Capital Stock--Common Stock,"
beginning on page and Hovnanian's "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations," which is incorporated in this
document by reference to Hovnanian's annual report on Form 10-K for the year
ended October 31, 1999.
Washington Homes has not paid cash dividends since 1994, and under the
merger agreement is not permitted to pay cash dividends before the effective
time of the merger.
EXCHANGE OF WASHINGTON HOMES CERTIFICATES
Promptly after the effective time, Hovnanian will deposit with the exchange
agent, [name of agent], certificates representing the shares of Hovnanian stock
that are issuable in the merger for shares of Washington Homes common stock.
Hovnanian will also provide to the exchange agent a sufficient amount of cash to
be exchanged for shares of Washington Homes common stock and instead of
fractional shares. Promptly after the effective time of the merger, Hovnanian
will cause the exchange agent to send to each holder of record of shares of
Washington Homes common stock at the effective time of the merger transmittal
materials for use in the exchange of the merger consideration for certificates
representing Washington Homes common stock. Hovnanian will deliver to holders of
Washington Homes common stock who surrender their certificates to the exchange
agent, together with properly executed transmittal materials and any other
required documentation, certificates representing the number of shares of
Hovnanian common stock to which such holders are entitled and/or a check in the
amount equal to the cash to which such holders are entitled, without interest.
Hovnanian will not issue any fractional shares of common stock. Instead,
Hovnanian will pay each holder of Washington Homes common stock who would
otherwise be entitled to a fraction of a share of Hovnanian common stock an
amount in cash, without interest, calculated by multiplying such fraction by the
cash consideration of $10.08. Any amount of cash in lieu of fractional shares
will be included in the check delivered to the holders of Washington Homes
common stock.
Until properly surrendering their certificates, holders of unexchanged
shares of Washington Homes common stock will not be entitled to receive any
dividends or distributions with respect to Hovnanian common stock. After
surrender of the certificates representing Washington Homes common stock, the
record holder of such shares will be entitled to receive any such dividends or
other distributions, without interest, which had previously become payable with
respect to shares of Hovnanian common stock represented by such certificate.
HOLDERS OF WASHINGTON HOMES COMMON STOCK SHOULD NOT SEND IN CERTIFICATES
REPRESENTING WASHINGTON HOMES COMMON STOCK UNTIL THEY RECEIVE TRANSMITTAL
MATERIALS FROM THE EXCHANGE AGENT.
WASHINGTON HOMES EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS
At the effective time of the merger, all outstanding and unexercised
Washington Homes stock options granted under the Washington Homes Employee Stock
Option Plan will no longer represent a right to acquire shares of Washington
Homes common stock, but will convert automatically into options to purchase the
number of shares of Hovnanian common stock equal to the respective numbers of
shares of Washington Homes common stock issuable under the options, multiplied
by the exchange ratio in the merger. The price of each option received upon
conversion of the Washington Homes option will equal the respective option
prices of the Washington Homes option divided by the exchange ratio in the
merger. As of September 20, 2000, Washington Homes employees held stock options
to purchase a total of 731,500 shares, of which 450,000 are vested. Hovnanian
will convert all outstanding
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and unexercised Washington Homes stock options into Hovnanian stock options
subject to the same terms and conditions as the Washington Homes Employee Stock
Option Plan and related option agreements as in effect immediately prior to the
effective time of the merger. Hovnanian has agreed to register the shares
issuable upon exercise of these assumed options under the Securities Act of
1933, as promptly as practicable after completion of the merger.
WASHINGTON HOMES NON-EMPLOYEE STOCK OPTIONS
At the effective time of the merger, each outstanding stock option issued by
Washington Homes to a non-employee member of the board of directors or to any
other person who received an option as a consultant to Washington Homes will be
deemed fully vested and will become a right to receive a cash payment. Such cash
payment will equal the amount, if any, by which the per share exercise price of
each such option is less than $10.08, multiplied by the number of shares
issuable upon exercise of the fully vested option. Upon becoming a right to
receive cash, these options will be cancelled. As of September 20, 2000,
non-employee directors and consultants held options to purchase a total of
109,000 shares of Washington Homes common stock. Upon completion of the merger
and cancellation of all of these outstanding non-employee stock options,
Hovnanian will pay a total of approximately $541,410 to the holders of these
non-employee stock options.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
The merger agreement contains representations and warranties made by
Hovnanian, WHI Holding and/or Washington Homes relating to the following
matters:
- due organization, valid existence and good standing as a corporation
- capitalization
- corporate power and authority
- corporate power and authority to enter into and perform the merger
agreement and related transactions
- non-contravention of certain organizational documents, agreements or
governmental orders
- reports and other documents filed with the SEC, and the accuracy of the
information contained in the documents
- financial statements
- litigation
- employee benefits and ERISA
- tax and accounting matters
- labor matters
- environmental matters
- compliance with laws
- insurance
- brokers, financial advisors and investment bankers and fairness opinion
- the required stockholder vote to approve the merger agreement or to issue
stock
- financing of cash portion of the merger consideration
- investigation and analysis
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- specified contracts
- real property
- disclosure.
COVENANTS
The merger agreement contains various covenants and agreements that govern
the actions of Washington Homes, Hovnanian and WHI Holding and their respective
subsidiaries prior to the effective time of merger, including the following:
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS. Washington Homes and Hovnanian have agreed that each
will conduct its respective business in the ordinary course in all material
respects in substantially the same manner as previously conducted. Each further
agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to keep available the services of
its present officers and employees and to maintain its existing relations with
customers, suppliers and others having business dealings. Washington Homes
further agreed to preserve its present business organization.
CAPITAL STOCK/DIVIDENDS. Washington Homes and Hovnanian has each agreed to
restrictions on its ability to declare or distribute any stock dividend or make
any other distribution in respect of its capital stock; split, combine or
reclassify any of its stock; or repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any
shares of capital stock. Except for stock options outstanding as of the date of
the merger agreement, each has also agreed not to issue or sell or propose to
issue or sell any shares of its capital stock or any securities convertible into
its capital stock or any rights, warrants or options to acquire its capital
stock.
DISPOSITIONS, ACQUISITIONS, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND
REORGANIZATION. Washington Homes and Hovnanian has each agreed not to:
- either (i) acquire or agree to acquire by merger, by consolidation, by
purchase of substantial equity or assets, or by any other manner, any
business organization or division or (ii) acquire or agree to acquire any
assets if the acquisition could reasonably be expected to materially delay
or interfere with the consummation of the merger; nor
- sell, lease, encumber or otherwise dispose of any of its assets other than
in the ordinary course, except in certain conditions.
In addition, Washington Homes has agreed not to authorize or make any
capital expenditures which in the aggregate exceed $250,000, nor to adopt any
plan or agreement of partial liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation,
restructuring, recapitalization or other material reorganization.
AMENDMENTS. The merger agreement prohibits Washington Homes from amending
its Articles of Incorporation or bylaws, and provides that Hovnanian will not
amend its Certificate of Incorporation or by-laws in a manner that is adverse to
completion of the merger or its stockholders, except as may be required to
comply with applicable law.
INDEBTEDNESS, TAX MATTERS AND DISCHARGE OF LIABILITIES. Washington Homes
has agreed not to and not to permit any of its subsidiaries to:
- incur indebtedness or guarantee indebtedness for real estate of more than
$3 million and in an aggregate principal amount of more than $3 million;
nor
- make any tax election or settle any tax liability for an amount in excess
of $300,000; nor
- pay, settle, discharge or satisfy any claim, liability or obligations for
an amount in excess of $500,000.
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COMPENSATION; EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS; BENEFIT PLANS. Except to the extent
Hovnanian agrees otherwise in writing, Washington Homes has agreed not to and
not to permit any of its subsidiaries to:
- increase the rate of compensation of any directors, officers or key
employees, except for increases in the ordinary course of business and for
certain scheduled bonuses; nor
- pay or agree to pay any pension, retirement allowance or other employee
benefit not required or contemplated by any of its existing benefit plans
to any director, officer or employee; nor
- enter into any new employment, severance or termination agreement with any
director, officer or employee; nor
- become obligated under any benefit plan which was not in existence on the
date of the merger agreement or amend any existing benefit plan to enhance
its benefits, except as may be required to comply with applicable law.
QUALIFICATION. Washington Homes has agreed to use its reasonable best
efforts not to and will use its reasonable best efforts not to permit any of its
subsidiaries to take any action that would prevent or impede the merger from
qualifying as a tax free reorganization.
ACQUISITION PROPOSALS. Washington Homes has agreed that it will not, nor
will it allow any of its subsidiaries, directors, officers employees or other
representatives to, directly or indirectly, solicit or otherwise facilitate the
submission of a competitive proposal. Washington Homes must also provide prompt
notice to Hovnanian of receipt of a competitive proposal or of a request for
non-public information by a company which is known to be considering making or
has made a competitive proposal subsequent to the date of the merger agreement.
The merger agreement defines a "competitive proposal" as:
- any proposal or offer from any person relating to any direct or indirect
acquisition or purchase of all or a substantial part of the assets of
Washington Homes or any of its subsidiaries or of over 20% of any class of
equity securities of Washington Homes or any of its subsidiaries;
- any tender offer or exchange offer that if consummated would result in any
person beneficially owning 20% or more of any class of equity securities
of Washington Homes or any of its subsidiaries;
- any merger, consolidation, business combination, sale of substantially all
the assets, recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or similar
transaction involving Washington Homes or any of its subsidiaries, other
than the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement and other than
transactions in the ordinary course of business; or
- any other transaction the consummation of which would reasonably be
expected to, in a material way, impede, interfere with, prevent or delay
the merger or which would reasonably be expected to dilute materially the
benefits to Hovnanian of the transactions contemplated by the merger.
Washington Homes or its board of directors, however, may participate in
discussions or negotiations with, furnish information to, withdraw its
recommendation on the merger, approve or recommend a competitive proposal or
enter into an agreement in respect to a competitive proposal with any person
from whom a competitive proposal has been received, if the Washington Homes
board has determined in good faith after consultation with its independent
financial advisor that the competitive proposal would be more favorable to
Washington Homes' stockholders than the merger with Hovnanian.
REGULATORY APPLICATIONS AND FILINGS. Hovnanian and Washington Homes have
agreed that they will cooperate and use their commercially reasonable efforts to
promptly take all actions and do all things
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necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement,
including making all necessary filings and obtain all necessary government
approvals.
VOTING AGREEMENTS. Washington Homes and Hovnanian have agreed to take all
such further action as may be necessary in accomplishing performance of the two
voting agreements entered into by the parties and various stockholders of
Washington Homes and Hovnanian. SEE "Voting and Other Agreements."
CERTAIN OTHER COVENANTS. The merger agreement contains other covenants of
the parties relating to:
- the Washington Homes stockholders' meeting and the recommendations of its
board of directors;
- the preparation and distribution of this document;
- access to information and confidentiality of information;
- cooperation in issuing public announcements;
- the delivery of comfort letters from respective accountants; and
- the delivery of financial statements of Washington Homes to Hovnanian.
STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING. The merger agreement provides that Hovnanian will,
in cooperation with Washington Homes, use its reasonable best efforts, as
promptly as reasonably practicable, to prepare and submit to the New York Stock
Exchange a listing application covering the Hovnanian stock, including the
shares of Hovnanian stock to be issued in the merger. If, however, Hovnanian
does not satisfy the listing requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, then
Hovnanian will use its reasonable best efforts, in cooperation with Washington
Homes, to submit to the American Stock Exchange a supplemental listing
application covering the shares of Hovnanian stock to be issued in the merger.
EMPLOYEE BENEFIT MATTERS. Employees of Washington Homes will be provided
with the same employee benefit plans as are provided to similarly situated
employees of Hovnanian, and when such employees become participants in any
employee benefit plan of Hovnanian, they will receive credit for prior service
with Washington Homes for purposes of eligibility and vesting, so long as such
crediting of service does not result in duplication of benefits. Hovnanian has
also agreed to honor and assume specified severance policies, employment
agreements, executive termination agreements and individual benefit
arrangements, except that any such agreements with Geaton A. DeCesaris Jr.,
Thomas Pellerito, Christopher Spendley, and Clayton Miller shall be terminated
on the effective date of the merger and replaced by new employment agreements.
SEE "Voting and Other Agreements," beginning on page .
DIRECTORS' AND OFFICERS' INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION. The merger
agreement provides that, after the effective time of the merger, neither
Hovnanian nor WHI Holding will take any action to abrogate or diminish any right
accorded under the Articles of Incorporation or bylaws of Washington Homes as
they existed immediately prior to the effective time to any person who, on or
prior to the effective time, was a director or officer of Washington Homes to
indemnification from claim, liability, damage, cost or expense arising from
matters occurring on or prior to the effective time of the merger in connection
with that person's duties as a director, officer or employee. To the extent
permitted by law, all rights to such indemnification accorded under the articles
of incorporation and bylaws of Washington Homes to any person who, on or prior
to the effective time, was a director or officer of Washington Homes will
survive the effective time and, following the merger, to the extent permitted by
law, Hovnanian and WHI Holding will honor such obligations in accordance with
their terms with respect to events, acts, or omissions occurring prior to the
effective time.
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The merger agreement also provides that Hovnanian will cause WHI Holding to
keep in effect for at least six years after the completion of the merger the
policies of directors' and officers' liability insurance maintained by
Washington Homes to the extent that such policies provide coverage for events
occurring prior to the completion of the merger.
RESALES BY AFFILIATES. Washington Homes has agreed to use its reasonable
efforts to cause each person who may be deemed to be an affiliate of Washington
Homes for purposes of Rule 145 under the Securities Act to deliver to Hovnanian
a written agreement intended to ensure compliance with the Securities Act. In
addition, under the terms of the merger agreement, the registration statement
(of which this document is a part) filed with the SEC in connection with the
registration of the shares of Hovnanian stock to be issued to the stockholders
of Washington Homes in the merger will also serve as the registration statement,
including statutory prospectus, for resales by affiliates of Washington Homes of
those shares of Hovnanian stock received by such persons in the merger.
Hovnanian has also agreed to amend and keep this registration statement
statutorily current for a period of one year after the effective time of the
merger. SEE "Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Restrictions
on Resales by Affiliates," beginning on page .
BOARD REPRESENTATION. In the merger agreement, Hovnanian has agreed to
cause Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., currently chairman of the board of directors,
president and chief executive officer of Washington Homes, to be elected as a
member of the Hovnanian board of directors. Hovnanian has also agreed to
continue to nominate Mr. DeCesaris for election to the board so long as:
- Mr. DeCesaris either remains an employee of Hovnanian or owns in the
aggregate at least 500,000 shares of Hovnanian stock;
- no event has occurred with respect to Mr. DeCesaris that would require
disclosure as to his fitness or integrity, including bankruptcy or
insolvency, criminal convictions, and certain orders, judgments or decrees
under the federal or state securities laws; and
- Mr. DeCesaris has not become an employee, executive officer, board member,
partner, owner or consultant in a home construction and/or financial
services business other than Hovnanian and its subsidiaries.
CONDITIONS TO COMPLETE THE MERGER
The obligations of each of Hovnanian, WHI Holding and Washington Homes to
complete the merger are subject to the satisfaction or waiver of conditions, in
accordance with applicable law, including:
- obtaining the requisite vote of approval of the merger and merger
agreement from the stockholders of Washington Homes;
- obtaining the requisite vote of approval for the issuance of shares from
the stockholders of Hovnanian;
- obtaining all governmental and third party approvals legally required to
complete the merger;
- the absence of any law, rule, regulation or order making illegal or
otherwise prohibiting the completion of the merger; and
- the declaration of effectiveness of the registration statement on
Form S-4 by the SEC and the absence of any stop order or pending or
threatened proceedings seeking a stop order.
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The obligations of each of Hovnanian, WHI Holding and Washington Homes to
complete the merger are further subject to satisfaction or waiver of the
following conditions:
- the representations and warranties of the other party in the merger
agreement are to be true and correct in all material respects as of the
closing date of the merger, except for representations and warranties made
as of a specified date which will be true and correct in all material
respects as of such specified date;
- all of the agreements and covenants of the other party to be performed and
complied with on or prior to the closing date of the merger have been
performed and complied with in all material respects;
- the delivery of opinions to each of Hovnanian and Washington Homes to the
effect that the merger will be treated for federal income tax purposes as
a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal
Revenue Code; and
- the receipt by Washington Homes of an opinion from Wasserstein Perella,
dated as of the date of the merger agreement, to the effect that the
consideration to be received by the stockholders of Washington Homes in
the merger is fair to such stockholders from a financial point of view.
The obligation of each of Hovnanian and WHI Holding to complete the merger
is further subject to satisfaction or waiver of the following condition:
- the employment agreements, dated as of the closing date, shall be in form
and substance similar to those set forth in exhibits to the merger
agreement for each of the four executive officers of Washington Homes
specified in the merger agreement.
TERMINATION AND TERMINATION FEES
GENERAL TERMINATION RIGHTS. The parties may terminate the merger agreement
at any time prior to the effective time, whether before or after approval by the
Washington Homes stockholders:
- by mutual written consent of Washington Homes and Hovnanian;
- by either Hovnanian or Washington Homes, as appropriate, if any of the
following occurs:
(1) the effective time of the merger has not occurred by April 28, 2001,
except to the extent that the failure to consummate the merger
results from the failure of the party seeking termination to perform
or observe the agreements and covenants of such party in the merger
agreement;
(2) the Washington Homes stockholders do not approve the merger agreement
at the Washington Homes special meeting or any adjournment or
postponement of the meeting; or
(3) any governmental entity has issued a final, non-appealable order
permanently enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the merger, as long as
the party seeking termination because of such an order has used its
commercially reasonable efforts to remove such an order.
- by Washington Homes in the event of:
(1) the closing price of the Hovnanian stock is below $5.65, and
Hovnanian elects not to increase the stock consideration by changing
the exchange ratio to make the stock consideration per share of
Washington Homes common stock equal to $7.85 per share; or
(2) a breach by Hovnanian or WHI Holding of any of its respective
representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the
merger agreement, which
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Hovnanian or WHI Holding as appropriate, cannot or has not cured
within 30 days, or which would give rise to a failure of one of
certain conditions to the merger.
- by Hovnanian in the event of:
(1) the closing price, as defined on page above, of the Hovnanian
stock is above $8.47;
(2) a breach by Washington Homes of any of its respective
representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the
merger agreement, which Washington Homes cannot or has not cured
within 30 days, or which would give rise to a failure of one of
certain conditions to the merger;
(3) the Washington Homes board of directors or any committee of the board
of directors (a) withdraws or modifies in a manner adverse to
Hovnanian its approval or recommendation of the merger agreement and
the merger; or (b) approves or recommends any competitive proposal,
defined on page above;
(4) Washington Homes enters into any agreement with respect to any
competitive proposal, defined on page above; or
(5) Washington Homes fails to call a stockholders meeting to vote on the
merger agreement and the merger.
TERMINATION FEES. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Washington Homes
will pay an amount equal to $3 million to Hovnanian if Hovnanian terminates the
merger agreement because:
- the stockholders of Washington Homes do not approve the merger agreement
at their special stockholder meeting or any adjournment or postponement of
that meeting;
- the board of directors of Washington Homes or any committee of the board
of directors withdrew its recommendation of the merger agreement and
merger with Hovnanian, unless at the time of such withdrawal by the board,
one or more of Hovnanian's covenants or representations or warranties
under the merger agreement would not have been satisfied and would not be
reasonably capable of being satisfied;
- the board of directors of Washington Homes or any committee of the board
of directors approved or recommended a competitive proposal, unless at the
time of such recommendation by the board, one or more of Hovnanian's
covenants or representations or warranties under the merger agreement
would not have been satisfied and would not be reasonably capable of being
satisfied;
- Washington Homes entered into an agreement with respect to any competitive
proposal for which the board of directors has determined in good faith
after consultation with its financial advisors would be more favorable to
the stockholders of Washington Homes, unless at the time of such
determination by the board, one or more of Hovnanian's covenants or
representations or warranties under the merger agreement would not have
been satisfied and would not be reasonably capable of being satisfied;
- the board of directors of Washington Homes failed to call a stockholders
meeting to vote upon the Hovnanian merger, unless at the time of such
failure by the board, one or more of Hovnanian's covenants or
representations or warranties under the merger agreement would not have
been satisfied and would not be reasonably capable of being satisfied; or
- of a breach by Washington Homes of any representation, warranty, covenant
or agreement contained in the merger agreement which (i) would give rise
to a failure of certain conditions to
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consummate the merger or (ii) cannot be or has not been cured within
30 days after Hovnanian's giving termination notice.
Under the terms of the merger agreement, Hovnanian must pay an amount equal
to $1 million to Washington Homes if Washington Homes terminates the merger
agreement because:
- of a breach by Hovnanian or WHI Holding of any representation, warranty,
covenant or agreement contained in the merger agreement which (i) would
give rise to a failure of certain conditions to consummate the merger or
(ii) cannot be or has not been cured within 30 days after Washington
Homes' giving termination notice.
The merger agreement also provides that upon acceptance by Washington Homes
or Hovnanian the fees referred to above, the entity paying the fee is fully
released and discharged from any liability or obligation resulting from or under
the merger agreement with Hovnanian.
AMENDMENT
The parties to the merger agreement may amend or modify any provision of the
merger agreement at any time by an agreement in writing signed on behalf of each
of the parties, except that after any approval of the merger agreement by the
stockholders of Washington Homes, the parties may not amend the merger agreement
if such amendment requires by law or rule of any relevant stock exchange further
approval by stockholders without the further approval of such stockholders.
SURVIVAL OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS
IF THE MERGER AGREEMENT BECOMES EFFECTIVE. After the effective time of the
merger, various provisions of the merger agreement regarding the following
matters will survive and remain effective:
- procedures for the issuance of Hovnanian common stock, cash and Hovnanian
stock options in exchange for Washington Homes common stock and
outstanding Washington Homes stock options;
- commitments to provide and maintain certain employee benefits plans,
programs and arrangements and to honor and assume certain severance
policies, employment agreements, executive termination agreements and
individual benefit arrangements;
- indemnification of Washington Homes directors and officers and the
provision of directors' and officers' liability insurance;
- amending and keeping the registration statement statutorily current;
- continued nomination for election of Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. to the
Hovnanian board of directors; and
- all other provisions that contemplate or may contemplate performance or
fulfillment after the effective time of the merger.
IF THE MERGER AGREEMENT TERMINATES BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE TIME. If the merger
agreement terminates before the effective time, various provisions of the merger
agreement regarding the following matters will survive and remain effective:
- confidentiality of information obtained in connection with the merger
agreement;
- liability and fees of the companies to each other as a result of the
termination of the merger agreement; and
- all other provisions that contemplate or may contemplate performance or
fulfillment even though a termination occurs before the effective time of
the merger.
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<PAGE>
RESTRICTIONS ON RESALES BY AFFILIATES
Hovnanian has registered, by a registration statement of which this document
is a part, the shares of its common stock issuable to the Washington Homes
stockholders in the merger under the Securities Act. Holders of these securities
who are not deemed to be "affiliates," as defined in the rules promulgated under
the Securities Act, of Hovnanian or Washington Homes may trade their shares of
Hovnanian stock that they receive in the merger freely without restriction after
the merger.
Any subsequent transfer of shares by any person who is an affiliate of
Washington Homes at the time of submission of the merger agreement to the
Washington Homes stockholders for their vote will, under existing law, require
either:
- the further registration under the Securities Act of the shares of
Hovnanian stock to be transferred;
- compliance with Rule 145 under the Securities Act, which permits limited
sales under certain circumstances; or
- the availability of another exemption from registration of the shares.
An affiliate of Washington Homes is a person who directly, or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under
common control with Washington Homes. These restrictions apply to the directors
and executive officers of Washington Homes and the holders of 10% or more of the
Washington Homes common stock. The same restrictions apply to certain relatives
or the spouses of those persons and any trusts, estates, corporations or other
entities in which those persons have a 10% or greater beneficial or equity
interest. Hovnanian will give stop transfer instructions to its transfer agent
with respect to those shares of Hovnanian stock held by persons subject to these
restrictions, and Hovnanian will place a legend on the certificates for their
shares accordingly.
Washington Homes has agreed in the merger agreement to use its reasonable
efforts to (i) deliver to Hovnanian a letter identifying all persons who may be
deemed to be affiliates of Hovnanian and (ii) cause each person who may be
deemed to be an affiliate of Washington Homes for purposes of Rule 145 under the
Securities Act to deliver to Hovnanian a written agreement intended to ensure
compliance with the Securities Act.
In addition, under the terms of the merger agreement, the registration
statement, of which this document is a part, filed in connection with the
registration of the shares of Hovnanian stock to be issued to the stockholders
of Washington Homes in the merger will also serve as the registration statement
and statutory prospectus for resales by affiliates of Washington Homes of those
shares of Hovnanian stock. Hovnanian has also agreed to amend and keep its
registration statement statutorily current for a period of one year from and
after the effective time of the merger. These two provisions allow the
affiliates of Washington Homes to resell their shares of Hovnanian stock in
excess of the volume and other limitations placed on them by Rule 145(d)
promulgated under the Securities Act. Hovnanian has also agreed, under a
Registration Rights Agreement, to allow eighteen stockholders of Washington
Homes, comprised of Thomas Pellerito and seventeen members of the DeCesaris
family, including Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. and Paul Sukalo, to register for
future sale at the expense of Hovnanian their shares of Hovnanian stock to be
received in the merger. See "Voting and Other Agreements," beginning on page .
ALLOCATION OF COSTS AND EXPENSES
The merger agreement provides that each party to the merger agreement will
be responsible for paying its own costs and expenses incurred in connection with
the merger agreement, whether or not the merger is consummated.
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<PAGE>
RIGHTS OF DISSENTING STOCKHOLDERS
Under the MGCL, Washington Homes stockholders do not have rights to dissent
from the merger agreement and the merger and obtain the fair value of their
Washington Homes shares in cash.
PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS
Hovnanian's certificate of incorporation and by-laws do not provide its
stockholders with preemptive rights.
VOTING AND OTHER AGREEMENTS
WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDER VOTING AGREEMENTS. When the parties signed the
merger agreement, seventeen stockholders of Washington Homes representing
approximately 49.4% of the issued and outstanding common stock, all of whom are
members of the DeCesaris family and three of whom are directors and/or executive
officers of Washington Homes, entered into voting agreements with Hovnanian.
Under the voting agreements, these stockholders agreed:
- to vote all of the shares of Washington Homes common stock they own
beneficially or of record, and over which they control the voting power,
in favor of the merger, the merger agreement and any transactions
contemplated by the merger agreement at any meeting of stockholders of
Washington Homes called to consider and vote on the merger;
- not to sell or otherwise dispose of any of their shares of Washington
Homes common stock other than to Hovnanian in connection with the merger;
- not to solicit or encourage directly or indirectly any offer from any
party other than Hovnanian concerning the possible disposition of
business, assets or capital stock of Washington Homes; and
- not to vote in favor of any action or agreement that would result in a
breach in any material respect of the merger agreement with Hovnanian.
One of the voting agreements, signed by twelve stockholders representing
approximately 26.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of Washington Homes'
common stock, provides for the suspension of the above obligations for those
stockholders upon receipt of a competitive proposal, as defined on page above,
from certain persons other than Hovnanian. Such a suspension of those
obligations would occur only if:
- the competitive proposal were received from a company that had not been
furnished access to any non-public information relating to Washington
Homes; and
- the independent directors of Washington Homes have concluded in good
faith, after consultation with Washington Homes' financial advisors, that
(i) the competitive proposal would provide greater aggregate value to the
Washington Homes' stockholders from a financial point of view than the
transactions contemplated by the merger agreement with Hovnanian; and
(ii) any required financing of the competitive proposal were committed or
were reasonably capable of being financed by the person making the
competitive proposal.
As of the date of this document, we are unaware of any competitive proposal.
Nothing in either of the voting agreements, however, will limit or otherwise
interfere with the actions of the signing stockholders as directors or officers
of Washington Homes or will affect their ability to vote or dispose of their
shares in the event the merger agreement with Hovnanian has first been
terminated in accordance with its terms.
52
<PAGE>
The voting agreements will terminate on the first to occur of:
- the completion of the merger;
- 90 days after termination of the merger under circumstances for which
Hovnanian is entitled to the $3 million termination fee discussed under
"Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Termination and
Termination Fees";
- 15 days after termination of the merger agreement for any other reason; or
- written notice of termination of the voting agreement by Hovnanian to the
stockholders who executed the voting agreements.
HOVNANIAN STOCKHOLDER VOTING AGREEMENT. Under stock exchange rules, the
issuance of shares of Hovnanian stock in connection with the merger with
Washington Homes must be approved by the stockholders of Hovnanian. Principal
stockholders representing approximately 70.7% of the aggregate voting power of
the issued and outstanding shares of Hovnanian common stock have entered into a
voting agreement with Washington Homes in which those stockholders have agreed
to vote the Hovnanian common stock owned beneficially or of record by them in
favor of, or consent to, the share issuance.
Under the voting agreement, the stockholders have agreed, among other
things, (i) to vote all of the shares of Hovnanian common stock owned
beneficially or held of record by them in favor of, or to consent to, the share
issuance and (ii) not to sell, transfer, pledge, encumber, assign or otherwise
dispose of such shares. The voting agreement terminates upon the earlier to
occur of:
- the completion of merger;
- the termination of the merger agreement in accordance with its terms; and
- written notice of termination of the voting agreement by Washington Homes
to the stockholders party to the voting agreement.
Because the shares subject to the voting agreement represent more than a
majority of the voting power of all of the outstanding shares of Hovnanian
common stock, Hovnanian expects that the proposal relating to the share issuance
will be approved at Hovnanian's shareholder meeting, even if no other
stockholders vote to approve this proposal.
REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT. Hovnanian has agreed to allow eighteen
stockholders of Washington Homes, including Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Chairman
of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of Washington Homes, Thomas
Pellerito, Director and President of Homebuilding Operations of Washington
Homes, Paul C. Sukalo, Director and Senior Vice President and 15 other members
of the DeCesaris family, to register for future sale their shares of Hovnanian
stock to be received in the merger. The expenses of any such registration will
be paid by Hovnanian to the same extent that Hovnanian is obligated to pay
registration expenses of any other holders of Hovnanian common stock. Under the
agreement, Hovnanian must use its reasonable best efforts to register some or
all of the Hovnanian stock held by the stockholders of Washington Homes that are
parties to the agreement when:
- Hovnanian proposes to register its Class A common stock under the
Securities Act; or
- a former stockholder or group of former stockholders of Washington Homes
who are parties to the agreement and hold at least 50% of the registerable
securities held by all of former stockholders of Washington Homes that are
parties to the agreement requests registration of their shares.
53
<PAGE>
For a discussion of the registration rights being afforded affiliates of
Washington Homes under the merger agreement, see "Terms of Hovnanian's
Acquisition of Washington Homes--Restrictions on Resales by Affiliates,"
beginning on page .
SALE PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT. Eighteen stockholders of Washington Homes,
including Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Thomas Pellerito and Paul C. Sukalo, have
entered into an agreement with Kevork S. Hovnanian, chairman of Hovnanian's
board of directors, and Ara K. Hovnanian, president and chief executive officer
of Hovnanian, who have agreed, if members of the Hovnanian family sell more than
20% of their Hovnanian stock after the merger, to allow these former Washington
Homes stockholders to participate in their proposed sale by including in their
proposed sale the Hovnanian stock owned by these former Washington Homes
stockholders.
WASHINGTON HOMES' OFFICERS' EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS. Under the terms of the
merger agreement, Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Thomas Pellerito, Christopher
Spendley, and Clayton Miller, each of whom is an executive officer of Washington
Homes, will enter into employment agreements with Hovnanian at the effective
time of the merger.
GEATON A. DECESARIS, JR. Under his employment agreement, Mr. DeCesaris
would serve as Hovnanian's Chief Operating Officer and President of Homebuilding
Operations for a term ending October 31, 2003. Mr. DeCesaris would also serve as
a member of the board of directors of Hovnanian and as a member of the strategic
planning committee of Hovnanian. As an inducement to Mr. DeCesaris to enter into
his employment agreement with Hovnanian, he has agreed to cancel his employment
agreement, dated July 1, 2000, with Washington Homes but will receive a
performance based bonus, covering the period between the date of the signing of
the merger agreement to the completion of the merger and based on results
achieved for Washington Homes stockholders as a result of the merger
transaction, in an amount estimated at $ . Furthermore, under the
terms of his new employment agreement with Hovnanian, Mr. DeCesaris would
receive an annual salary of $500,000, as adjusted annually to compensate for
inflation. Mr. DeCesaris could also receive an annual bonus depending on the
financial performance of WHI Holding and Hovnanian's southeast region, and any
such bonus would be payable 70% in cash and 30% in Hovnanian stock.
Mr. DeCesaris would also receive option grants under the Hovnanian stock option
plan for 50,000 shares annually for four years at an exercise price equal to the
fair market value of the stock on each date of grant. Mr. DeCesaris would also
receive other benefits including two automobiles, reimbursement for business
expenses, and participation in Hovnanian's various employee benefits plans such
as medical, dental, disability insurance plans, life insurance plans and
retirement plans.
In the event that Mr. DeCesaris' employment is terminated without cause by
Hovnanian or for good reason by Mr. DeCesaris, as such terms are defined in the
new employment agreement, Mr. DeCesaris would be entitled to receive an amount
equal to two times the sum of (x) his base salary at the rate in effect at the
date of termination plus (y) the average of the last two fiscal years' annual
bonus earned by Mr. DeCesaris, payable in a lump sum within thirty days after
the date of termination. Mr. DeCesaris would also be subject to a covenant not
to compete or interfere with the business of Hovnanian or its affiliates, for a
period of (i) six months after the date Hovnanian terminates his employment for
cause or (ii) one year after the date his employment is terminated by Hovnanian
or by him for any other reason, other than as a result of the natural expiration
of the term of the employment agreement on October 31, 2003. In addition, for a
period of eighteen months following the date Mr. DeCesaris ceases to be employed
by Hovnanian for any reason, Mr. DeCesaris would be subject to a covenant
(A) not to solicit employees of Hovnanian or its affiliates to leave their
employment and (B) not to compete for any real property that Hovnanian had
investigated or entered into an option to purchase at any time within one year
prior to the date of termination of Mr. DeCesaris' employment.
54
<PAGE>
THOMAS PELLERITO. Under his employment agreement, Mr. Pellerito would serve
as WHI Holding's President, Southeast Region for a term ending October 31, 2003.
Mr. Pellerito would receive an annual salary of $300,000, as adjusted annually
to compensate for inflation. Mr. Pellerito could also receive an annual bonus,
depending on the financial performance of WHI Holding and Hovnanian's southeast
region, and any such bonus would be payable 100% in cash in the fiscal year
ended 2001, 90% in cash and 10% in Hovnanian stock in the fiscal year ended
2002, 80% in cash and 20% in Hovnanian stock in the fiscal year ended 2003, and
70% in cash and 30% in Hovnanian stock in any fiscal year after the fiscal year
ended 2003. The stock component of the annual bonus would be increased by a 20%
premium, subject to vesting at 25% per year. Under the agreement, Hovnanian
would recommend to the compensation committee of the board of directors the
approval of an initial option grant to Mr. Pellerito under the Hovnanian stock
option plan for 20,000 shares at an exercise price equal to the closing price
and subsequent option grants under the Hovnanian stock option plan for 20,000
shares annually for two years at an exercise price equal to the closing price.
Mr. Pellerito would also receive other benefits including vacation and
participation in Hovnanian's various employee benefits plans such as medical,
dental, disability insurance plans, life insurance plans and retirement plans.
In the event that Mr. Pellerito's employment is terminated without cause by
Hovnanian or for good reason by Mr. Pellerito, as such terms are defined in the
employment agreement, Mr. Pellerito would be entitled to receive an amount equal
to the sum of (x) one year's base salary at the rate in effect at the date of
termination plus (y) an amount in respect of his annual bonus, equal to 50% of
the greater of (i) Mr. Pellerito's then base salary or (ii) any annual bonus to
which he would have been entitled to receive pursuant to his employment
agreement. The one year's base salary, plus the 50% base salary amount payable
in respect of the annual bonus, would be payable in a lump sum within thirty
days after the date of termination, and the excess, if any, of 50% of the annual
bonus to which Mr. Pellerito would have been entitled, as described in
clause (ii) above, if any, shall be payable, if at all, when such annual bonus
would otherwise have been payable if Mr. Pellerito's employment had not been
terminated. Mr. Pellerito would also be subject to the same restrictive
covenants, under the same circumstances and for the same periods of time, as
Mr. DeCesaris would be subject, as described above.
CHRISTOPHER SPENDLEY. Under his employment agreement, Mr. Spendley would
serve as WHI Holding's Chief Financial Officer, Southeast Region for a term
ending October 31, 2003. Mr. Spendley would receive an annual salary of
$220,000, as adjusted annually to compensate for inflation. Mr. Spendley could
also receive an annual bonus, depending on the financial performance of WHI
Holding and Hovnanian's southeast region, and any such bonus would be payable
100% in cash in the fiscal year ended 2001, 90% in cash and 10% in Hovnanian
stock in the fiscal year ended 2002, 80% in cash and 20% in Hovnanian stock in
the fiscal year ended 2003, and 70% in cash and 30% in Hovnanian stock in any
fiscal year after the fiscal year ended 2003. The stock component of the annual
bonus would be increased by a 20% premium, subject to vesting at 25% per year.
Under the agreement, Hovnanian would recommend to the compensation committee of
the board of directors the approval of an initial option grant to Mr. Spendley
under the Hovnanian stock option plan for 7,500 shares at an exercise price
equal to the closing price and subsequent option grants under the Hovnanian
stock option plan for 7,500 shares annually for two years at an exercise price
equal to the closing price. Mr. Spendley would also receive other benefits
including participation in Hovnanian's various employee benefits plans such as
medical, dental, disability insurance plans, life insurance plans and retirement
plans.
Mr. Spendley would be provided with the same severance benefits, and would
be subject to the same restrictive covenants, under the same circumstances and
for the same periods of time, as Mr. Pellerito would be subject, as described
above.
CLAYTON MILLER. Under his employment agreement, Mr. Miller would serve as
WHI Holding's Chief Accounting Officer, Southeast Region for a term ending
October 31, 2003. Mr. Miller would
55
<PAGE>
receive an annual salary of $115,000, as adjusted annually to compensate for
inflation. Mr. Miller could also receive an annual bonus, depending on the
financial performance of WHI Holding and Hovnanian's southeast region, and any
such bonus would be payable 100% in cash in the fiscal year ended 2001, 90% in
cash and 10% in Hovnanian stock in the fiscal year ended 2002, 80% in cash and
20% in Hovnanian stock in the fiscal year ended 2003, and 70% in cash and 30% in
Hovnanian stock in any fiscal year after the fiscal year ended 2003. The stock
component of the annual bonus would be increased by a 20% premium, subject to
vesting at 25% per year. Mr. Miller would also receive other benefits including
participation in Hovnanian's various employee benefits plans such as medical,
dental, disability insurance plans, life insurance plans and retirement plans.
Mr. Miller would be provided with the same severance benefits, and would be
subject to the same restrictive covenants, under the same circumstances and for
the same periods of time, as Mr. Pellerito would be subject, as described above.
OTHER INTERESTS OF WASHINGTON HOMES' OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS IN THE MERGER
In considering the recommendation of the Washington Homes Board with respect
to the merger, Washington Homes stockholders should be aware that officers and
directors of Washington Homes have interests in the merger that are different
from, or in addition to, the interests of the stockholders of Washington Homes
generally. The Washington Homes Board was aware of such interests and considered
them, among other matters, in approving the merger agreement and the matters
contemplated by the merger agreement, including the merger. SEE "Voting and
Other Agreements," beginning on page .
As of September 20, 2000, the directors and executive officers of Washington
Homes owned an aggregate of approximately 2,594,391 shares of Washington Homes
common stock and held options to purchase an aggregate of approximately 344,000
shares of Washington Homes common stock at a weighted average exercise price of
approximately $ per share, some of which will vest as a result of the
merger. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Washington Homes' directors and
executive officers will receive the same consideration for their shares of
Washington Homes common stock as the other Washington Homes stockholders.
Washington Homes stock options granted under its employee stock option plan
which are outstanding at the effective time of the merger will be converted into
Hovnanian stock options. We describe the treatment of stock options more fully
under "Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Washington Homes
Stock Options," beginning on page .
As of September 20, 2000, non-employee directors held outstanding options to
purchase a total of 99,000 shares of Washington Homes common stock. In
accordance with the merger agreement, these non-employee directors will receive
cash in the total amount of $494,210 for their options. See "Terms of
Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington Homes--Washington Homes Non-Employee Stock
Options," beginning on page .
Hovnanian will cause WHI Holding to honor and assume specified severance
policies, employment agreements, executive termination agreements, and
individual benefit arrangements currently in force with Washington Homes. In
addition, after the merger Hovnanian will cause WHI Holding, at all times after
the merger, to indemnify and hold harmless each person who has been a director,
officer or employee of Washington Homes against claims, liabilities and losses
incurred by such person while acting on behalf of Washington Homes. After the
merger Hovnanian also will cause WHI Holding to keep in effect for at least six
years after the merger the policies of directors' and officers' liability
insurance maintained by Washington Homes to the extent that those policies
provide coverage for events occurring prior to the merger.
For a discussion of the registration rights being afforded certain
stockholders of Washington Homes under the registration rights agreement, see
"Voting and Other Agreements," beginning on
56
<PAGE>
page . For a discussion of the registration rights being afforded affiliates
of Washington Homes under the merger agreement, see "Terms of Hovnanian's
Acquisition of Washington Homes--Restrictions on Resales by Affiliates,"
beginning on page .
OTHER INTERESTS OF HOVNANIAN OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS IN THE MERGER
The officers and directors of Hovnanian, who are also stockholders of
Hovnanian, have no interests that are different from, or in addition to, the
benefits Hovnanian stockholders will receive as a result of the merger.
ANTICIPATED ACCOUNTING TREATMENT
Hovnanian anticipates that the merger will be accounted for using the
purchase method of accounting.
POSSIBLE INCLUSION OF HOVNANIAN'S COMMON STOCK ON NYSE
Hovnanian is obligated under the merger agreement to use its reasonable best
efforts, as promptly as reasonably practicable, to prepare and submit to the New
York Stock Exchange a listing application covering the shares of Hovnanian stock
to be issued in the merger. If, however, Hovnanian does not satisfy the listing
requirements of the New York Stock Exchange, then Hovnanian must use its
reasonable best efforts to submit to the American Stock Exchange a supplemental
listing application covering the shares of Hovnanian stock to be issued in the
merger. Hovnanian stock is currently listed on the American Stock Exchange under
the symbol "HOV." SEE "Market Price and Dividends Data."
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<PAGE>
COMPARISON OF STOCKHOLDERS' RIGHTS
Upon completion of the merger, the stockholders of Washington Homes that
receive Hovnanian stock in exchange for their shares will become stockholders of
Hovnanian. Hovnanian is incorporated in the State of Delaware and, accordingly,
the rights of Hovnanian stockholders are governed by the Hovnanian certificate
of incorporation, the Hovnanian by-laws and the laws of the State of Delaware,
including the Delaware General Corporation Law, which we refer to as the DGCL.
Washington Homes is incorporated under the laws of the State of Maryland, and
accordingly, the rights of Washington Homes stockholders are governed by the
Washington Homes articles of incorporation, the Washington Homes bylaws and the
laws of the State of Maryland, including the Maryland General Corporation Law,
which we refer to as the MGCL. The following chart summarizes the material
differences between the rights of holders of Washington Homes common stock prior
to the merger and the rights of holders of Hovnanian stock following the merger.
This discussion is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Washington
Homes articles of incorporation, the Washington Homes bylaws, the Hovnanian
certificate of incorporation and the Hovnanian by-laws and the relevant
provisions of Maryland and Delaware law. You can obtain copies of the governing
corporate instruments of Hovnanian and Washington Homes, without charge, by
following the instructions listed under "Where You Can Find More Information,"
beginning on page .
AUTHORIZED AND OUTSTANDING CAPITAL STOCK
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
AUTHORIZED: 15,000,000 shares of voting AUTHORIZED: 87,000,000 shares of Class A
common stock, par value of $0.01 per share; common stock, par value of $0.01 per share;
1,100,000 shares of non-voting common stock, 13,000,000 shares of Class B common stock,
par value of $0.01 per share; and 150,000 par value $0.01 per share; and 100,000 shares
shares of preferred stock, par value of $1.00 of preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per
per share. share.
OUTSTANDING: 8,129,461 shares of voting OUTSTANDING: 14,008,079 shares of Class A
common stock, no shares of non-voting common common stock, 7,633,079 shares of Class B
stock and no shares of preferred stock as of common stock and no shares of preferred stock
September 20, 2000. as of October 12, 2000.
</TABLE>
58
<PAGE>
VOTING RIGHTS
Washington Homes stockholders that elect to receive shares of Hovnanian
stock will receive 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock for each share of Washington
Homes common stock. No Washington Homes stockholders will receive shares of
Hovnanian Class B common stock in the merger. SEE "Terms of Hovnanian's
Acquisition of Washington Homes--Merger Consideration," beginning on page
, "Stock Ownership Information," beginning on page and "Selling
Stockholders," beginning on page .
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
The Washington Homes articles of The Hovnanian certificate of incorporation
incorporation provide that holders of its provides that, except as otherwise required
voting common stock are entitled to cast one by law or as otherwise specifically provided
vote for each share. in the certificate of incorporation, the
holders of Class A and Class B common stock
shall vote together without regard to class
on all matters properly brought before a
meeting. Holders of Class A common stock are
entitled to cast for each matter one vote for
each share, and holders of Class B common
stock are entitled to cast ten votes for each
share, unless the holder of the Class B
shares is a specified type of person or
entity other than the beneficial owner, in
which case such holders of Class B common
stock are entitled to cast one vote for each
share of Class B common stock. Hovnanian's
certificate of incorporation also permits its
board of directors to issue up to 100,000
shares of preferred stock, in one or more
series, with such voting and other rights as
may be fixed by the board of directors.
</TABLE>
PREEMPTIVE RIGHTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Washington Homes' articles of incorporation Under the DGCL, any preemptive rights must be
provide that no holders of stock of any class granted expressly in the certificate of
shall have any preferential right of incorporation. Hovnanian's certificate of
subscription to any shares of stock of any incorporation does not grant any preemptive
class, except as the board of directors may rights to any holders of any class of stock.
determine in its discretion.
</TABLE>
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<PAGE>
APPRAISAL AND DISSENTERS' RIGHTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under the MGCL, a stockholder is entitled to Under the DGCL, stockholders do not have
dissent from and obtain payment of the fair appraisal rights to obtain the fair value in
value of the stockholder's shares in certain cash of their shares of stock when (a) they
situations, including a merger, but such a are stockholders of the surviving corporation
right does not exist, with limited and the merger did not require their approval
exceptions, if the stock is listed on a under the DGCL; (b) the company's shares that
national securities exchange. SEE "Rights of they own are listed either on a national
Dissenting Stockholders," beginning on page securities exchange or on the Nasdaq National
. Market; or (c) the company's shares are held
of record by more than 2,000 stockholders.
However, appraisal rights are available in
any of the above three cases if the
stockholders are required by the terms of the
merger or consolidation to accept
consideration other than (a) shares of stock
of the company surviving or resulting from
the merger or consolidation, (b) shares of
stock of another company which are listed
either on a national securities exchange or
on the Nasdaq National Market or held of
record by more than 2,000 stockholders,
(c) cash in lieu of fractional shares, or
(d) any combination of the above three.
</TABLE>
CONVERSION RIGHTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
None. Hovnanian's certificate of incorporation
provides that each share of Class B common
stock may at any time be converted into one
share of Class A common stock. Additionally,
all shares of Class B common stock will be
converted immediately and automatically into
shares of Class A common stock in various
circumstances, including when the number of
issued and outstanding shares of Class B
common stock is less than 5% of the aggregate
number of shares of Class A common stock and
Class B common stock then outstanding.
</TABLE>
60
<PAGE>
AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES/CERTFICATE OF INCORPORATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
The MGCL provides that a majority of the The DGCL provides that amendments of the
entire board of directors may amend the certificate of incorporation must be proposed
articles of incorporation to increase or and declared advisable by the board of
decrease the aggregate number of shares of directors in a resolution, and approved by
stock of the corporation or the number of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of a
shares of stock of any class that the majority of the outstanding stock entitled to
corporation has authority to issue. vote and of a majority of the outstanding
Otherwise, amendments must be proposed and stock of each class entitled to vote as a
declared advisable by the board of directors class (and in certain situations, even if the
and approved by the stockholders by the class is not entitled to vote as a class),
affirmative vote of two-thirds of all votes unless a higher vote is required in the
entitled to be cast on the matter. corporation's certificate of incorporation.
Hovnanian's certificate of incorporation does
not provide for a higher vote than a majority
to amend its certificate of incorporation.
</TABLE>
AMENDMENTS TO BYLAWS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Washington Homes' bylaws provide that the Under the DGCL, the stockholders entitled to
board of directors may adopt, alter or repeal vote may adopt, amend or repeal the by-laws.
any bylaws, and make new bylaws, except that In addition, the DGCL provides that the board
the board cannot alter or repeal the section of directors may amend the by-laws if so
entitled "Amendments of Bylaws" nor any authorized in the certificate of
bylaws made by the stockholders. The bylaws incorporation.
also provide that the stockholders may adopt, Hovnanian's certificate of incorporation
alter or repeal any bylaws of the corporation provides that the board of directors may
and make new bylaws. alter, amend or repeal the by-laws.
</TABLE>
SPECIAL MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under Washington Homes' bylaws, the president Under Hovnanian's by-laws, special meetings
or the board of directors may call special of stockholders may be called by the
meetings of the stockholders. In addition, president for any purpose and must be called
special meetings of stockholders must be by the president or secretary if directed by
called by the secretary upon the written the board of directors or requested in
request of the holders of shares entitled to writing by the holders of not less than 25%
cast not less than 25% of all of the votes of the capital stock of the corporation.
proposed to be acted on at such meeting.
</TABLE>
QUORUM REQUIREMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under Washington Homes' bylaws, the presence Under Hovnanian's by-laws, the holders of
in person or by proxy of stockholders record, present in person or by proxy, of a
entitled to cast a majority of all the votes majority of the Hovnanian's issued and
entitled to be cast constitutes a quorum. outstanding capital stock constitutes a
quorum.
</TABLE>
61
<PAGE>
RIGHTS OF INSPECTION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Maryland law provides that one or more Under Delaware law, any stockholder of
stockholders who together hold more than 5% record, in person or by attorney or other
of the outstanding stock may make written agent, upon written demand under oath stating
request to inspect and copy during usual the purpose for his or her request, has the
business hours the corporations stock ledger. right during a company's usual business hours
Maryland law does not provide for any to inspect, for any proper purpose, the
additional stockholder right to inspect a company's stock ledger, a list of its
voting list prior to a meeting of stockholders and its books and records and to
stockholders. make copies or extracts of those items. A
proper purpose means a purpose reasonably
related to that person's interest as a
stockholder.
In addition, under the DGCL, any stockholder
may examine a list of stockholders entitled
to vote at a meeting of stockholders for a
period of 10 days prior to the meeting and
during the whole time of the meeting.
</TABLE>
STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Washington Homes' bylaws provide that its Unless a corporation's certificate of
stockholders may take action without a incorporation provides otherwise, the DGCL
meeting if a written consent, setting forth provides that stockholder action may be taken
such action, is signed by each stockholder without a meeting, without prior notice and
entitled to vote on the matter, and any other without a vote, if consents in writing,
stockholder entitled to notice of a meeting setting forth the action so taken, are signed
of stockholders (but not to vote) has waived by the holders of outstanding stock having
in writing any right to dissent from such not less than the minimum number of votes
action. that would be necessary to authorize or take
such action at a meeting at which all shares
entitled to vote were present and voted.
Hovnanian's certificate of incorporation does
not provide otherwise.
</TABLE>
CLASSIFICATION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under Washington Homes' bylaws, the Board of Under the Hovnanian certificate of
Directors of Washington Homes has only one incorporation and by-laws, the Hovnanian
class of directors. The entire board of Board of Directors consists of one class of
directors is elected annually. directors, the Directors' terms are not
staggered.
</TABLE>
62
<PAGE>
ELECTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under the MGCL, directors are elected by a Under the DGCL, directors are elected by a
plurality of all the votes cast. plurality of the votes of the shares present
in person or represented by proxy at the
meeting and entitled to vote.
</TABLE>
CUMULATIVE VOTING
Cumulative voting is a type of voting in which a stockholder may cast as
many votes for directors as he or she has shares of stock multiplied by the
number of directors to be elected. The stockholder may cast all his or her votes
for one or more, but fewer than all, the directors on the slate. With such a
voting arrangement, minority representation on the board of directors is
promoted.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Washington Homes' articles of incorporation Under the DGCL, stockholders do not have
provide that stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of
cumulative voting rights in the election of directors unless the certificate of
directors. incorporation expressly provides for such
rights.
The Hovnanian certificate of incorporation
does not provide for cumulative voting rights
of stockholders in the election of directors.
</TABLE>
NUMBER OF DIRECTORS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
The bylaws of Washington Homes require that Hovnanian's by-laws provide that the board
the number of directors on the board of will consist of not less than one nor more
directors must be no less than 3 and no more than fifteen directors, as determined by the
than 10, the exact number to be set by a board of directors or the stockholders.
majority of the entire board of directors.
Hovnanian's certificate of incorporation
provides that, at any time when any shares of
Class B common stock are outstanding,
one-third of the directors of Hovnanian must
be independent directors. The term
"independent director" means a director who
is neither (i) an officer of Hovnanian or of
any entity which, directly or indirectly, is
in control of, is affiliated with Hovnanian
nor (ii) a record or beneficial owner of 5%
or more of the aggregate number of
outstanding shares of Hovnanian's Class A
common stock and Class B common stock.
</TABLE>
63
<PAGE>
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under Washington Homes' bylaws, the Hovnanian's by-laws and the DGCL together
stockholders may, at any time, remove a provide that a director may be removed with
director, with or without cause, by the or without cause by the holders of a majority
affirmative vote of a majority of all the of the shares then entitled to vote at an
votes entitled to be cast on the matter. election of directors.
</TABLE>
ADDITIONAL DIRECTORS AND VACANCIES ON THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
The bylaws of Washington Homes provide that a The DGCL and Hovnanian's by-laws provide that
vacancy on the Board of Directors for any vacancies and newly created directorships
cause other than an increase in the number of resulting from an increase in the number of
directors may be filled by a majority of the directors may be filled by a majority of the
remaining directors, even if such majority is directors then in office, although less than
less than a quorum. A vacancy by reason of an a quorum, or by the sole remaining director
increase in the number of directors may be or by the stockholders.
filled by a majority vote of the entire board
of directors. A director elected to fill a
vacancy serves until the next annual meeting
of the stockholders.
</TABLE>
LIABILITY OF DIRECTORS
The liability provisions listed below protect Hovnanian and Washington Homes
directors from personal liability for monetary damages from breaches of their
duty of care, but do not eliminate the director's duty of care and have no
effect on the availability of equitable remedies, such as injunction or
rescission, based upon a director's breach of his or her duty of care.
64
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under the MGCL, liability of directors for The DGCL permits the adoption of a provision
money damages may not be limited in the in the certificate of incorporation limiting
articles of incorporation to the extent it is or eliminating the monetary liability of a
proved that the director actually received an director to a corporation or its stockholders
improper benefit or to the extent that a by reason of a director's breach of the
judgment is entered in a proceeding against fiduciary duty of care. However, the law does
the director, finding that the director's not permit any limitation of the liability of
action or failure to act was the result of a director for:
active and deliberate dishonesty and was - breaching the duty of loyalty to the
material to the cause of action in the corporation or its stockholders;
proceeding. - failing to act in good faith;
In addition, under the MGCL, a director is - engaging in intentional misconduct or a
not liable for any action taken as a director known violation of law;
or failure to take any action if the - obtaining an improper personal benefit
director's duties were performed: from the corporation; or
- in good faith; - paying a dividend or approving a stock
- with the care that an ordinarily prudent repurchase that was illegal under the
person in a like position would use under Delaware law.
similar circumstances; and The certificate of incorporation of Hovnanian
- in a manner the director reasonably does not limit the monetary liability of a
believes to be in the best interests of director to Hovnanian or its stockholders.
the corporation.
Washington Homes' articles of incorporation
provide that directors of the corporation
shall not be liable to the corporation or its
stockholders for money damages, to the
maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
</TABLE>
65
<PAGE>
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Under the MGCL, a director or officer may be Under the DGCL, a company is permitted to
entitled to indemnification unless the act or indemnify its officers, directors and certain
omission was committed in bad faith or the other persons against any expenses,
act or omission was the result of active and judgments, fines and amounts paid in
deliberate dishonesty or the director settlement incurred in any civil, criminal,
actually received an improper personal administrative or investigative action or
benefit or the director had reasonable cause proceeding if that individual acted in good
to believe that the act or omission was faith and in a manner he or she reasonably
unlawful. believed to be in or not opposed to the best
Under Washington Homes's bylaws, the interests of the company, and with respect to
corporation will indemnify and pay or any criminal action or proceeding, had no
reimburse reasonable expenses to present and reasonable cause to believe his or her
former directors or officers to the maximum conduct was unlawful. In addition, under
extent permitted under Maryland law. Delaware law, to the extent that a director,
officer, employee or agent of a company has
been successful on the merits or otherwise in
defense of any proceeding referred to above
or in defense of any claim, issue or matter
in such an action or proceeding, he or she
must be indemnified against expenses,
including attorney's fees, actually and
reasonably incurred by him or her in
connection with that proceeding. However, in
the case of actions by or in the right of the
corporation, indemnification is limited to
expenses, including attorney's fees, actually
and reasonably incurred, and no
indemnification may be made for any claim,
issue or matter as to which the person has
been adjudged to be liable to the
corporation, unless indemnification is
otherwise required by a court.
Under Hovnanian's by-laws, the corporation
indemnifies current and former directors or
officers, and Hovnanian may, at the
discretion of the board of directors,
indemnify any current or former employee or
agent of Hovnanian to the full extent
permitted by Delaware law, as stated above.
</TABLE>
RESTRICTIONS UPON CERTAIN BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS; MERGERS
The provisions of the Delaware business combinations statute may have
anti-takeover effects. These provisions may discourage attempts by others to
acquire control of Hovnanian without negotiation with the Hovnanian Board. This
would enhance the ability of the Hovnanian Board to attempt to promote the
interests of all of the Hovnanian stockholders. However, to the extent that
66
<PAGE>
these provisions make Hovnanian a less attractive takeover candidate, they may
not always be in the best interests of Hovnanian or its stockholders.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN
---------------- ---------
<S> <C>
Washington Homes is subject to the control Generally, Section 203 of the DGCL prohibits
shares acquisitions provisions of the MGCL, a publicly held company from engaging in a
which limits the ability of persons acquiring business combination with an interested
more than 20% of Washington Homes voting stockholder for a period of three years after
stock to vote those shares absent approval of the time the person became an interested
such voting rights by the affirmative vote of stockholder unless:
two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be - before that time, the board of directors
cast on the matter. of the company approved either the business
Generally, Section 3-601 of the MGCL combination or the transaction which
prohibits a publicly held company from resulted in the stockholder becoming an
engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder;
interested stockholder for a period of five - upon consummation of the transaction which
years after the time the person became an resulted in the stockholder becoming an
interested stockholder unless: interested stockholder, the interested
- before that time, the board of directors stockholder owned at least 85% of the
of the company approved the transaction outstanding voting stock, with specified
which otherwise would have resulted in the exceptions; or
stockholder becoming an interested - the business combination is approved by
stockholder; or the board of directors and by the affirmative
- the business combination is recommended by vote, and not by written consent, of at
the board of directors and approved by the least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting
affirmative vote of at least 80% of the shares that are not owned by the
outstanding voting shares of the interested stockholder.
corporation; and by the affirmative vote Under the DGCL, a "business combination"
of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding includes mergers, asset sales and other
voting shares held by persons other than transactions resulting in financial benefit
the interested stockholder or affiliates to the stockholder, and an "interested
or associates of the interested stockholder" is a person who, together with
stockholder. affiliates or associates, owns or, within
Under the MGCL, a "business combination" three years, did own 15% or more of the
includes mergers, consolidations, or share company's voting stock.
exchanges and other transactions with an Under the DGCL, a corporation may elect not
"interested stockholder," defined as a person to be governed by Section 203 of the DGCL in
who, together with affiliates or associates, either its certificate of incorporation or
owns or, within two years, did own 10% or its by-laws.
more of the company's voting stock. Neither Hovnanian's certificate of
In addition, under the MGCL, a merger or incorporation or its by-laws elect not to be
share exchange generally must be deemed governed by Section 203.
advisable by the board of directors and
approved by the stockholders of the Maryland
corporation by an affirmative vote of
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast
on the matter.
</TABLE>
67
<PAGE>
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following pro forma consolidated financial statements of Hovnanian, give
effect to the proposed merger with Washington Homes using the purchase method of
accounting. The pro forma consolidated financial statements are based on the
unaudited historical consolidated financial statements of Hovnanian and
Washington Homes. The pro forma consolidated financial statements are based on
the estimates and assumptions set forth in the notes, including Hovnanian
management's estimates of the value of the tangible and intangible assets
acquired. These estimates and assumptions are preliminary and have been made
solely for the purpose of developing the pro forma information.
Under the terms of the merger agreement, Washington Homes' stockholders will
receive the equivalent of 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock or $10.08 in cash for
each share of Washington Homes, subject to certain adjustments. Stock options
held by employees of Washington Homes will be converted to Hovnanian options
with a similar aggregate implied value. Additionally, vested stock options held
by non-employees of Washington Homes will be purchased by Hovnanian for the
difference of $10.08 and their respective exercise prices.
For purposes of this pro forma, we have utilized the following assumptions.
7,780,961 shares of Washington Homes common stock outstanding; 1,094,000
employee stock options issued, of which 920,000 employee stock options are
vested as of the date of completion of the merger and the fair value of these
options are included as a component of the purchase price; and 109,000 vested
stock options are held by non-employees of Washington Homes. Accordingly, the
total purchase price is estimated to be approximately $84.0 million, based on
Hovnanian's closing share price of $7 1/16 on August 25, 2000. The agreement
includes provisions that limit the maximum amount of shares that convert to cash
to 49.9% of the total shares outstanding, with the balance, not to exceed 60% of
the total dollar value of the merger consideration, paid in Hovnanian shares.
The Hovnanian price per share on the day the transaction closes will ultimately
be utilized to determine the actual acquisition cost of Washington Homes. In
these pro forma consolidated financial statements, Hovnanian management has
assumed that 50% of the consideration, including cash in lieu of fractional
shares, will be paid in cash and the balance in Hovnanian shares.
The pro forma consolidated balance sheet assumes that the merger took place
on July 31, 2000. The pro forma consolidated statements of income for the year
ended October 31, 1999 and the nine months ended July 31, 2000 assumes that the
merger took place as of November 1, 1998. Additionally, the supplemental pro
forma statement of income for the twelve months ended July 31, 2000 assumes the
merger took place August 1, 1999.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated financial statements, are presented for
illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of the consolidated financial
position or results of operations of future periods that actually would have
been realized had Hovnanian and Washington Homes been a consolidated company
during the specified periods. The pro forma consolidated financial statements,
including the notes thereto, are qualified in their entirety by reference to,
and should be read in conjunction with, the historical financial statements of
Hovnanian as filed in its (i) Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 1999 and
(ii) Form 10-Q for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and the historical
financial statements of Washington Homes as of and for the three years ended
July 31, 2000, including the notes thereto, as filed by Washington Homes on its
Form 10-K on October 12, 2000.
68
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
JULY 31, 2000
UNAUDITED
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA
HOVNANIAN PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS
ENTERPRISES, WASHINGTON INCREASE PRO FORMA
INC. HOMES, INC. (DECREASE) JULY 31, 2000
------------ ----------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Assets
Homebuilding:
Cash and cash equivalents................. $ 19,268 $ 14,317 $ (1)(2) $ 33,585
Inventories............................... 616,426 130,573 1,292(1) 748,291
Property, plant and equipment--net 34,553 34,553
Senior rentals............................ 10,372 10,372
Other..................................... 103,135 21,681 152(1)(3) 124,968
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Total homebuilding...................... 783,754 166,571 1,444 951,769
Financial services.......................... 48,928 1,987 50,915
Collateralized mortgage financing........... 4,561 4,561
Income taxes receivable..................... 4,275 (2,977) (443)(1) 855
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Total assets................................ $841,518 $165,581 $ 1,001 $1,008,100
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Homebuilding:
Nonrecourse land mortgages................ $ 12,609 $ 2,314 $ 14,923
Accounts payable and other liabilities.... 73,640 42,675 116,315
Customers' deposits....................... 37,149 2,923 40,072
Nonrecourse mortgages secured by operating
properties.............................. 3,577 3,577
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Total homebuilding...................... 126,975 47,912 174,887
Financial services.......................... 41,942 705 42,647
Collateralized mortgage financing........... 3,147 3,147
Notes payable............................... 423,057 34,009 $ 39,233(2) 496,299
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Total liabilities........................... 595,121 82,626 39,233 716,980
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Stockholders' equity:
Common Stock Class A...................... 172 78 (23)(1)(4) 227
Common Stock Class B...................... 79 79
Paid in capital........................... 45,862 34,566 10,837(1)(4)(12) 91,265
Retained earnings......................... 228,258 48,311 (48,311)(3)(4) 228,258
Deferred compensation..................... (735)(12) (735)
Treasury stock............................ (27,974) (27,974)
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Total stockholders' equity.................. 246,397 82,955 (38,232) 291,120
-------- -------- -------- ----------
Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity.................................... $841,518 $165,581 $ 1,001 $1,008,100
======== ======== ======== ==========
</TABLE>
69
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, 1999
UNAUDITED
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(5) PRO FORMA
HOVNANIAN PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS PRO FORMA
ENTERPRISES, WASHINGTON INCREASE YEAR ENDED
INC. HOMES, INC (DECREASE) OCTOBER 31, 1999
------------ ---------- ----------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of homes............................ $908,553 $371,873 $1,280,426
Land sales and other revenues............ 17,409 5,525 22,934
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total homebuilding..................... 925,962 377,398 1,303,360
Financial services......................... 20,239 3,630 23,869
Collateralized mortgage financing.......... 519 519
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total revenues......................... 946,720 381,028 1,327,748
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of sales.......................... 730,025 306,475 $ 5,034(7) 1,041,534
Selling, general and administration.... 81,396 41,209 (590)(6)(12) 122,015
Inventory impairment loss.............. 2,091 2,091
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total homebuilding................... 813,512 347,684 4,444 1,165,640
Financial services..................... 19,195 3,479 22,674
Collateralized mortgage financing...... 504 504
Corporate general and administration... 28,652 28,652
Interest............................... 30,343 9,330 1,516(8)(13) 41,189
Other operations....................... 3,897 976 1,468(9)(13) 6,341
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total expenses....................... 896,103 361,469 7,428 1,265,000
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Income before taxes and extraordinary
loss..................................... 50,617 19,559 (7,428) 62,748
Income taxes............................... 19,674 7,553 (2,028)(9) 25,199
Extraordinary loss......................... (868) (868)
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Net income................................. $ 30,075 $ 12,006 $(5,400) $ 36,681
======== ======== ======= ==========
Earnings per share:
Basic.................................... $ 1.41 (11) $ 1.36
Weighted shares outstanding............ 21,404 (1)(14) 26,924
Diluted.................................. $ 1.39 (11) $ 1.31
Weighted shares outstanding............ 21,612 (1)(14) 28,009
</TABLE>
70
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000
UNAUDITED
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(5) PRO FORMA PRO FORMA
PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS NINE MONTHS
HOVNANIAN WASHINGTON INCREASE ENDED
ENTERPRISES, INC. HOMES, INC (DECREASE) JULY 31, 2000
----------------- ---------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of homes........................ $763,177 $373,389 $1,136,566
Land sales and other revenues........ 7,651 4,113 11,764
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total homebuilding................. 770,828 377,502 1,148,330
Financial services..................... 12,859 4,826 17,685
Collateralized mortgage financing...... 332 332
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total revenues..................... 784,019 382,328 1,166,347
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of sales........................ 614,574 308,948 $ 3,776(7) 927,298
Selling, general & administration.... 76,495 41,674 (464)(6)(12) 117,705
Inventory impairment loss............ 1,517 1,517
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total homebuilding................. 692,586 350,622 3,312 1,046,520
Financial services..................... 13,999 4,099 18,098
Collateralized mortgage financing...... 283 283
Corporate general and administration... 24,361 24,361
Interest............................... 24,256 7,205 1,728(8)(13) 33,189
Other operations....................... 6,048 674 1,379(9)(13) 8,101
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Total expenses..................... 761,533 362,600 6,419 1,130,552
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Income before income taxes............... 22,486 19,728 (6,419) 35,795
Income taxes............................. 7,485 7,736 (1,788)(9) 13,433
-------- -------- ------- ----------
Net income............................... $ 15,001 $ 11,992 $(4,631) $ 22,362
======== ======== ======= ==========
Earnings per share:
Basic.................................. $ .68 (11) $ .81
Weighted shares outstanding.......... 22,089 (1)(14) 27,609
Diluted................................ $ .68 (11) $ .79
Weighted shares outstanding.......... 22,158 (1)(14) 28,344
</TABLE>
71
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC. AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000
UNAUDITED
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(10)
HOVNANIAN (5)
ENTERPRISES, INC. WASHINGTON HOMES, PRO FORMA PRO FORMA
TWELVE MONTHS INC. TWELVE ADJUSTMENTS TWELVE MONTHS
ENDED MONTHS ENDED INCREASE ENDED
JULY 31, 2000 JULY 31, 2000 (DECREASE) JULY 31, 2000
----------------- ----------------- ----------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of homes................ $1,050,636 $459,278 $1,509,914
Land sales and other
revenues................... 13,613 4,858 18,471
---------- -------- ---------- ----------
Total homebuilding......... 1,064,249 464,136 1,528,385
Financial services............. 17,670 5,615 23,285
Collateralized mortgage
financing.................... 529 529
---------- -------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues............. 1,082,448 469,751 1,552,199
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of sales................ 850,018 378,857 $ 3,067(7) 1,231,942
Selling, general and
administration............. 101,431 51,697 (651)(6)(12) 152,477
Inventory impairment loss.... 1,975 1,975
---------- -------- ---------- ----------
Total homebuilding......... 953,424 430,554 2,416 1,386,394
Financial services............. 18,836 4,971 23,807
Collateralized mortgage
financing.................... 446 446
Corporate general and
administration............... 32,144 32,144
Interest....................... 33,362 9,317 1,512(8)(13) 44,191
Other operations............... 7,850 899 906(9)(13) 9,655
---------- -------- ---------- ----------
Total expenses............. 1,046,062 445,741 4,834 1,496,637
---------- -------- ---------- ----------
Income before income taxes....... 36,386 24,010 (4,834) 55,562
Income taxes..................... 12,500 9,391 (1,212)(9) 20,679
---------- -------- ---------- ----------
Net income....................... $ 23,886 $ 14,619 $ (3,622) $ 34,883
========== ======== ========== ==========
Earnings per share:
Basic.......................... $ 1.08 (11) $ 1.27
Weighted shares
outstanding................ 22,015 (1)(14) 27,535
Diluted........................ $ 1.08 (11) 1.23
Weighted shares
outstanding................ 22,135 (1)(14) $ 28,371
</TABLE>
72
<PAGE>
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(IN THOUSANDS EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
(1) Adjustment reflects the components of its purchase price. Under the terms of
the transaction, Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. ("Hovnanian") will effectively
exchange 1.39 shares of Hovnanian Class A Common shares or pay $10.08 in
cash for each share of Washington Homes, Inc. ("Washington Homes"), subject
to certain adjustments. The 1,094,000 stock options held by employees of
Washington Homes are converted to Hovnanian options with a similar aggregate
implied value. Of this amount 920,000 employees' stock options are vested as
of the merger date and the fair value of these options are included as a
component of purchase price. Additionally, the 109,000 vested stock options
held by non-employees of Washington Homes are purchased by Hovnanian for the
difference of $10.08 and their respective exercise prices. Accordingly, the
total purchase price is estimated to be approximately $84.0 million, based
on Hovnanian's closing share price of $7 1/16 on August 25, 2000. The
agreement includes provisions that limit the maximum amount of cash to 50%
of the total consideration, with the balance not to exceed 60%, paid in
Hovnanian shares. In these pro forma consolidated financial statements,
Hovnanian management has assumed that 50% of the consideration will be paid
in cash and the balance in Hovnanian shares (resulting in 5,519,746 Class A
Common shares being issued at a par value per share of $.01).
The aggregate purchase price approximates the fair value of assets acquired
less liabilities assumed.
The following table summarizes the calculation of the purchase price at July
31, 2000:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(DOLLARS IN
THOUSANDS)
-----------
<S> <C>
Merger consideration
--Cash (including non-employee stock options)............. $38,983
--Hovnanian Class A shares................................ 38,983
--Fair Value of Vested Hovnanian Options.................. 5,739
Transaction costs........................................... 250
-------
Total purchase price........................................ $83,955
=======
</TABLE>
(2) Adjustment reflects the anticipated funding of the cash portion of the
purchase price as well as a repayment of the approximately $34.0 million of
existing Washington Homes debt and a draw of $39.2 million on the existing
Hovnanian credit facility.
(3) Adjustment reflects the write-off of approximately $.3 million of financing
costs in connection with the retirement of certain Washington Homes
indebtedness, as described in Note (2) above.
(4) Adjustment reflects the elimination of the Washington Homes stockholders'
equity.
73
<PAGE>
(5) As Washington Homes has a calendar year end of July 31, the pro forma
results of operations for the year ended October 31, 1999 and nine months
ended July 31, 2000 are based upon the quarterly historical results of
operations of Washington Homes as previously filed, conformed to Hovnanian's
fiscal year end and Hovnanian's financial statement presentation as follows:
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
PRO FORMA RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, 1999
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED PERIODS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LESS: THREE ADD: THREE MONTHS
YEAR ENDED MONTHS ENDED ENDED
JULY 31, 1999 OCTOBER 31, 1998 OCTOBER 1, 1999
------------- ---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of Homes................................. $353,729 $67,745 $85,889
Land Sales & Other Revenues................... 9,004 1,383 1,534
-------- ------- -------
Total Homebuilding.......................... 362,733 69,128 87,423
Financial Services..............................
Collateralized Mortgage Financing...............
-------- ------- -------
Total Revenues.............................. 362,733 69,128 87,423
-------- ------- -------
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of Sales................................. 290,934 55,867 69,190
Selling, General & Administration............. 46,671 9,371 12,033
Inventory Impairment Loss.....................
-------- ------- -------
Total Homebuilding.......................... 337,605 65,238 81,223
Financial Services..............................
Collateralized Mortgage Financing...............
Corporate General & Administration..............
Interest........................................ 7,356 1,716 1,752
Other Operations................................ 418 97 166
-------- ------- -------
Total Expenses.............................. 345,379 67,051 83,141
-------- ------- -------
Income Before Income Taxes........................ 17,354 2,077 4,282
Income Taxes...................................... 6,706 808 1,655
-------- ------- -------
Net Income........................................ $ 10,648 $ 1,269 $ 2,627
======== ======= =======
</TABLE>
74
<PAGE>
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
PRO FORMA RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, 1999
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED PERIODS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA
YEAR ENDED RECLASSIFICATION YEAR ENDED
OCTOBER 31, 1999 ADJUSTMENTS OCTOBER 31, 1999
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of Homes................................. $371,873 $371,873
Land Sales & Other Revenues................... 9,155 (3,630) 5,525
-------- ------ --------
Total Homebuilding.......................... 381,028 (3,630) 377,398
Financial Services.............................. 3,630 3,630
Collateralized Mortgage Financing...............
-------- ------ --------
Total Revenues.............................. 381,028 381,028
-------- ------ --------
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of Sales................................. 304,257 2,218 306,475
Selling, General & Administration............. 49,333 (8,124) 41,209
Inventory Impairment Loss.....................
-------- ------ --------
Total Homebuilding.......................... 353,590 (5,906) 347,684
Financial Services.............................. 3,479 3,479
Collateralized Mortgage Financing
Corporate General & Administration..............
Interest........................................ 7,392 1,938 9,330
Other Operations................................ 487 489 976
-------- ------ --------
Total Expenses.............................. 361,469 361,469
-------- ------ --------
Income Before Income Taxes........................ 19,559 19,559
Income Taxes...................................... 7,553 7,553
-------- ------ --------
Net Income........................................ $ 12,006 $ 12,006
======== ====== ========
</TABLE>
75
<PAGE>
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
PRO FORMA RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED PERIODS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LESS: THREE MONTHS
YEAR ENDED ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED
JULY 31, 2000 OCTOBER 31, 1999 JULY 31, 2000
------------- ------------------ -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of Homes............................... $459,278 $85,889 $373,389
Land Sales & Other Revenues................... 10,473 1,534 8,939
-------- ------- --------
Total Homebuilding........................ 469,751 87,423 382,328
Financial Services............................
Collaterized Mortgage Financing...............
-------- ------- --------
Total Revenues............................ 469,751 87,423 382,328
-------- ------- --------
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of Sales............................... 375,014 69,190 305,824
Selling, General & Administration........... 62,752 12,033 50,719
Inventory Impairment Loss...................
-------- ------- --------
Total Homebuilding........................ 437,766 81,223 356,543
Financial Services............................
Collaterized Mortgage Financing...............
Corporate General & Administration............
Interest...................................... 7,224 1,752 5,472
Other Operations.............................. 751 166 585
-------- ------- --------
Total Expenses............................ 445,741 83,141 362,600
-------- ------- --------
Income Before Income Taxes...................... 24,010 4,282 19,728
Income Taxes.................................... 9,391 1,655 7,736
-------- ------- --------
Net Income...................................... $ 14,619 $ 2,627 $ 11,992
======== ======= ========
</TABLE>
76
<PAGE>
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
PRO FORMA RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED PERIODS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA
RECLASSIFICATION NINE MONTHS ENDED
ADJUSTMENTS JULY 31, 2000
---------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of Homes............................................. $373,389
Land Sales & Other Revenues............................... (4,826) 4,113
-------- --------
Total Homebuilding.................................... (4,826) 377,502
Financial Services........................................ 4,826 4,826
Collaterized Mortgage Financing...........................
-------- --------
Total Revenues........................................ 382,328
-------- --------
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of Sales........................................... 3,124 308,948
Selling, General & Administration....................... (9,045) 41,674
Inventory Impairment Loss...............................
-------- --------
Total Homebuilding.................................... (5,921) 350,622
Financial Services........................................ 4,099 4,099
Collaterized Mortgage Financing...........................
Corporate General & Administration........................
Interest.................................................. 1,733 7,205
Other Operations........................................ 89 674
-------- --------
Total Expenses........................................ 362,600
-------- --------
Income Before Income Taxes.................................. 19,728
Income Taxes................................................ 7,736
-------- --------
Net Income.................................................. $ 11,992
======== ========
</TABLE>
77
<PAGE>
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
PRO FORMA RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000
PREVIOUSLY REPORTED
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA
TWELVE
TWELVE MONTHS MONTHS
ENDED RECLASSIFICATION ENDED
JULY 31, 2000 ADJUSTMENTS JULY 31, 2000
------------- ---------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of Homes..................................... $459,278 $459,278
Land Sales & Other Revenues....................... 10,473 $ (5,615) 4,858
-------- -------- --------
Total Homebuilding.............................. 469,751 (5,615) 464,136
Financial Services.................................. 5,615 5,615
Collaterized Mortgage Financing
-------- -------- --------
Total Revenues.................................. 469,751 469,751
-------- -------- --------
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of Sales..................................... 375,014 3,843 378,857
Selling, General & Administration 62,752 (11,055) 51,697
Inventory Impairment Loss.........................
-------- -------- --------
Total Homebuilding.............................. 437,766 (7,212) 430,554
Financial Services.................................. 4,971 4,971
Collaterized Mortgage Financing Corporate General &
Administration Interest........................... 7,224 2,093 9,317
Other Operations.................................... 751 148 899
-------- -------- --------
Total Expenses.................................. 445,741 445,741
-------- -------- --------
Income Before Income Taxes............................ 24,010 24,010
Income Taxes.......................................... 9,391 9,391
-------- -------- --------
Net Income............................................ $ 14,619 $ 14,619
======== ======== ========
</TABLE>
(6) Adjustment reflects a reduction in general and administrative expenses. In
connection with the merger, Hovnanian management believes that it will
realize cost savings related to the elimination of professional fees and
other costs associated with the operation of Washington Homes as a public
independent company, including legal, audit and tax fees, annual report
preparation and printing costs and stock registration and filing fees
aggregating $.8 million, $.7 million and $.9 million for the year ended
October 31, 1999, for the nine months ended July 31, 2000 and for the
twelve months ended July 31, 2000, respectively.
(7) Represents additional cost of sales for the allocation of the purchase
price to homebuilding inventories sold during the period, as if the merger
occurred on November 1, 1998 aggregating approximately $5.0 million, $3.8
million and $3.1 million for the year ended October 31, 1999, for the nine
months ended July 31, 2000 and for the twelve months ended July 31, 2000,
respectively.
(8) Represents additional interest expense, including interest amortized as
homes are delivered, on the draw on the Hovnanian existing credit facility
at an interest rate of 8.32% aggregating approximately $2.1 million, $2.3
million and $2.2 million for the year ended October 31, 1999, for the nine
months ended July 31, 2000 and for the twelve months ended July 31, 2000,
respectively.
78
<PAGE>
(9) Represents net increases to income tax expense for adjustments to
amortization of certain deferred tax assets, reductions in general and
administrative expenses, and for the elimination of financing costs
partially offset by additional interest expense incurred calculated at
Hovnanian's effective tax rate aggregating approximately $2.0 million, $1.8
million and $1.2 million for the year ended October 31, 1999, for the nine
months ended July 31, 2000 and for the twelve months ended July 31, 2000,
respectively.
(10) The supplemental pro forma statement of operations is based upon the
Hovnanian's quarterly historical results of operations as previously
filed, as follows:
Pro Forma Results of Operations for the Twelve Months Ended July 31, 2000
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PREVIOUSLY
REPORTED NINE THREE MONTHS TWELVE MONTHS
MONTHS ENDED ENDED OCTOBER ENDED
JULY 31, 2000 31, 1999 JULY 31, 2000
--------------- -------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Homebuilding:
Sale of Homes............................... $763,177 $287,459 $1,050,636
Land Sales & Other Revenues................. 7,651 5,962 13,613
-------- -------- ----------
Total Homebuilding........................ 770,828 293,421 1,064,249
Financial Services............................ 12,859 4,811 17,670
Collaterized Mortgage Financing............... 332 197 529
-------- -------- ----------
Total Revenues............................ 784,019 298,429 1,082,448
Expenses:
Homebuilding:
Cost of Sales............................... 614,574 235,444 850,018
Selling, General & Administration........... 76,495 24,936 101,431
Inventory Impairment Loss................... 1,517 458 1,975
-------- -------- ----------
Total Homebuilding........................ 692,586 260,838 953,424
Financial Services............................ 13,999 4,837 18,836
Collaterized Mortgage Financing............... 283 163 446
Corporate General & Administration............ 24,361 7,783 32,144
Interest...................................... 24,256 9,106 33,362
Other Operations.............................. 6,048 1,802 7,850
-------- -------- ----------
Total Expenses............................ 761,533 284,529 1,046,062
-------- -------- ----------
Income Before Income Taxes...................... 22,486 13,900 36,386
Income Taxes.................................... 7,485 5,015 12,500
-------- -------- ----------
Net Income...................................... $ 15,001 $ 8,885 $ 23,886
======== ======== ==========
</TABLE>
79
<PAGE>
(11) If the shareholders of Washington Homes elect to receive the maximum
amount of Hovnanian stock as transaction consideration (60%), then the pro
forma financial statements would be adjusted as follows:
PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TWELVE
NINE MONTHS MONTHS
YEAR ENDED ENDED ENDED
OCTOBER 31, 1999 JULY 31, 2000 JULY 31, 2000
---------------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net Income.................................... $36,944 $22,663 $35,181
Basic Earnings Per Share...................... $ 1.32 $ .79 $ 1.23
Diluted Earnings Per Share.................... $ 1.27 $ .77 $ 1.20
</TABLE>
PRO FORMA BALANCE SHEET AT JULY 31, 2000
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Total Liabilities........................................... $709,926
Shareholders Equity......................................... $297,989
</TABLE>
(12) Stock options to purchase Washington Homes stock held by the employees of
Washington Homes have been converted to Hovnanian options with a similar
implied value. The fair value of vested options converted of approximately
$5.7 million has been included as part of the purchase price. The unvested
portion of converted options for which a post acquisition service period
is required to vest has been valued at their intrinsic value of
approximately $.7 million and included as a deferred compensation cost, a
component of shareholder equity, and will be amortized over the remaining
vesting period. Amortization aggregating approximately $.3 million, $.2
million and $.3 million for the year ended October 31, 1999, for the nine
months ended July 31, 2000 and for the twelve months ended July 31, 2000,
respectively.
(13) Adjustment reflects the elimination of amortization of financing costs in
conjunction with the retirement of certain Washington Homes indebtedness
aggregating approximately $1.0 million, $.6 million and $.8 million for
the year ended October 31, 1999, for the nine months ended July 31, 2000
and for the twelve months ended July 31, 2000, respectively.
(14) Basic earnings per share are computed based upon the weighted average
number of Common Stock Class A and Class B shares outstanding during the
period. Diluted earnings per share are computed based upon the increased
number of Common Stock Class A shares (including the issuance of 5,519,746
Class A shares in connection with the merger) that would be outstanding
assuming the exercise of dilutive Common Stock Class A stock options under
the treasury stock method as shown below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PRO FORMA PRO FORMA PRO FORMA
YEAR ENDED NINE MONTHS ENDED TWELVE MONTHS ENDED
OCTOBER 31, 1999 JULY 31, 2000 JULY 31, 2000
---------------- ----------------- -------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Common Stock Class
A and Class B Shares--Basic...... 26, 924 27,609 27,535
Common Stock Class A Stock
Options.......................... 1,085 735 836
Weighted Average Common Stock Class
A and Class B....................
------- ------ ------
Shares--Diluted.................. 28,009 28,344 28,371
======= ====== ======
</TABLE>
80
<PAGE>
THE BUSINESS OF HOVNANIAN
GENERAL
Hovnanian designs, constructs and markets high-quality, single-family
detached homes and attached condominium apartments and townhouses in planned
residential developments in the Northeast, primarily in New Jersey, southern New
York state and eastern Pennsylvania, Metro D.C., northern Virginia and Maryland,
Texas, North Carolina, southern California and Poland. Hovnanian markets its
homes to first-time buyers, first- and second-time move-up buyers, luxury
buyers, active adult buyers and empty nesters. Hovnanian offers a variety of
homestyles at prices ranging in the United States from $94,000 to $921,000 with
an average sales price in fiscal 1999 of $241,000. Hovnanian is currently
offering homes for sale in 118 communities. Since the incorporation of
Hovnanian's predecessor company in 1959, Hovnanian have delivered in excess of
66,000 homes, including 4,230 homes in the twelve months ended July 31, 2000. In
addition, Hovnanian provides financial services (mortgage loans and title
insurance) to its homebuilding customers.
Hovnanian has successfully strengthened its market positions through recent
and pending acquisitions, including its positions in the New Jersey market
through the acquisition of Matzel and Mumford and in the Dallas-Fort Worth
market through the acquisition of Goodman Family of Builders L.P. and will
strengthen its market position in the North Carolina and Metro D.C. markets
through the proposed merger with Washington Homes.
Hovnanian employed approximately 1,500 full-time associates as of July 31,
2000. Hovnanian was originally incorporated in New Jersey in 1967 as successor
to a business founded in 1959 by Kevork S. Hovnanian and became a Delaware
corporation in August 1983. Hovnanian's principal executive offices are located
at 10 Highway 35, P.O. Box 500, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701, and its telephone
number is (732) 747-7800.
BUSINESS STRATEGIES, OPERATING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Over the past few years, Hovnanian's strategies have included several
initiatives to fundamentally transform the traditional practices it uses to
design, build and sell homes and focus on "building better." Hovnanian believes
that the adoption and implementation of processes and systems successfully used
in other manufacturing industries, such as rapid cycle times, vendor
consolidation, vendor partnering and just-in-time material procurement, will
dramatically improve its business and give it a clear advantage over its
competitors. Hovnanian's concentration in selected markets is a key factor that
enables it to achieve powers and economies of scale and differentiate itself
from most of its competitors. These performance enhancing strategies are
designed to achieve operational excellence through the implementation of
standardized and streamlined "best practice processes."
STRATEGIC INITIATIVES. To improve Hovnanian's homebuilding gross profit
margins, it has introduced a number of strategic initiatives, including.
Partners In Excellence, Process Redesign and Training.
Partners In Excellence, Hovnanian's total quality management initiative, is
intended to focus on improving the way operations are performed. It involves all
of Hovnanian's associates through a systematic, team-oriented approach to
improvement. It increases Hovnanian's profits by streamlining processes and by
reducing costly errors. Hovnanian was recognized for its efforts by receiving
the 1997 Gold National Housing Quality Award from PROFESSIONAL BUILDER magazine
and The NAHB Research Center.
Process Redesign is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of
Hovnanian's processes to achieve dramatic improvements in performance.
Hovnanian's Process Redesign efforts are currently focused on streamlining and
standardizing all of its key business processes. In addition, Hovnanian is
working to streamline its processes and implement SAP's enterprise-wide
"Enterprise Resource Package" computer software system throughout its
organization.
81
<PAGE>
Training is designed to provide Hovnanian's associates with the knowledge,
attitudes, skill and habits necessary to succeed at their jobs. Hovnanian's
Training Department regularly conducts training classes in sales, construction,
administration, and managerial skills. In addition, as Process Redesign develops
new processes, the Training Department is responsible for educating Hovnanian's
associates on the processes, procedures and operations.
LAND ACQUISITION, PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT. Before entering into a contract
to acquire land, Hovnanian completes extensive comparative studies and analyses,
which assist it in evaluating the economic feasibility of such land acquisition.
Hovnanian generally follows a policy of acquiring options to purchase land for
future community developments. Hovnanian attempts to acquire land with a minimum
cash investment and negotiate takedown options, thereby limiting the financial
exposure to the amounts invested in property and predevelopment costs. This
policy significantly reduces risk and generally allows Hovnanian to obtain
necessary development approvals before acquisition of the land, thereby
enhancing the value of the options and the land eventually acquired.
Hovnanian's option and purchase agreements are typically subject to numerous
conditions, including, but not limited to, its ability to obtain necessary
governmental approvals for the proposed community. Generally, the deposit on the
agreement will be returned to Hovnanian if all approvals are not obtained,
although predevelopment costs may not be recoverable. By paying an additional,
nonrefundable deposit, Hovnanian has the right to extend a significant number of
its options for varying periods of time. In all instances, Hovnanian has the
right to cancel any of its land option agreements by forfeiture of its deposit
on the agreement. In such instances, Hovnanian generally is not able to recover
any predevelopment costs.
Hovnanian's development activities include site planning and engineering,
obtaining environmental and other regulatory approvals and constructing roads,
sewer, water and drainage facilities, and for its residential developments,
recreational facilities and other amenities. These activities are performed by
Hovnanian's staff, together with independent architects, consultants and
contractors. Hovnanian's staff also carries out long-term planning of
communities.
DESIGN. Hovnanian's residential communities are generally located in
suburban areas near major highways. The communities are designed as
neighborhoods that fit existing land characteristics. Hovnanian strives to
create diversity within the overall planned community by offering a mix of homes
with differing architecture, textures and colors. Wherever possible,
recreational amenities such as a swimming pool, tennis courts, a club house and
tot lots are included.
CONSTRUCTION. Hovnanian designs and supervises the development and building
of its communities. Its homes are constructed according to standardized
prototypes which are designed and engineered to provide innovative product
design while attempting to minimize costs of construction. Hovnanian employs
subcontractors for the installation of site improvements and construction of
homes. Agreements with subcontractors are generally short term and provide for a
fixed price for labor and materials. Hovnanian rigorously controls costs through
the use of a computerized monitoring system. Because of the risks involved in
speculative building, Hovnanian's general policy is to construct an attached
condominium or townhouse building only after signing contracts for the sale of
at least 50% of the homes in that building. A majority of Hovnanian's single
family detached homes are constructed after the signing of a contract and
mortgage approval has been obtained.
MATERIALS AND SUBCONTRACTORS. Hovnanian attempts to maintain efficient
operations by utilizing standardized materials available from a variety of
sources. In addition, Hovnanian contracts with subcontractors representing all
building trades in connection with the construction of its homes. Hovnanian has
reduced construction and administrative costs by consolidating the number of
vendors serving its Northeast market from 350 to 79 and by executing national
purchasing contracts with select vendors. Hovnanian plans to implement this
strategy throughout all of its markets. In recent years,
82
<PAGE>
Hovnanian has experienced no significant construction delays due to shortages of
materials or labor. Hovnanian can not predict, however, the extent to which
shortages in necessary materials or labor may occur in the future.
MARKETING AND SALES. Hovnanian's residential communities are sold
principally through on-site sales offices. In order to respond to Hovnanian's
customers' needs and trends in housing design, Hovnanian relies upon its
internal market research group to analyze information gathered from, among other
sources, buyer profiles, exit interviews at model sites, focus groups and
demographic data bases. Hovnanian makes use of newspaper, radio, magazine, its
website, billboard, video and direct mail advertising, special promotional
events, illustrated brochures, full-sized and scale model homes in its
comprehensive marketing program. In addition, Hovnanian has opened home design
galleries in its Northeast region, Texas and California, which Hovnanian expects
will increase option sales and profitability in these markets. Hovnanian plans
to open a similar gallery in each of its markets.
CUSTOMER SERVICE AND QUALITY CONTROL. Hovnanian's associates responsible
for customer service participate in pre-closing quality control inspections as
well as responding to post-closing customer needs. Prior to closing, each home
is inspected and any necessary completion work is undertaken by Hovnanian. In
some of Hovnanian's markets, it is enrolled in a standard limited warranty
program which, in general, provides a homebuyer with a one-year warranty for the
home's materials and workmanship, a two-year warranty for the home's heating,
cooling, ventilating, electrical and plumbing systems and a ten-year warranty
for major structural defects. All of the warranties contain standard exceptions,
including, but not limited to, damage caused by the customer.
CUSTOMER FINANCING. Hovnanian sells its homes to customers who generally
finance their purchases through mortgages. Over 50% of Hovnanian's non-cash
customers who financed the purchase of their homes with mortgages utilized its
wholly-owned mortgage banking subsidiary, in markets it serves, in the twelve
months ended July 31, 2000. Mortgages originated by Hovnanian's mortgage
subsidiary are sold in the secondary market.
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
Hovnanian's residential development activities include evaluating and
purchasing properties, master planning, obtaining governmental approvals and
constructing, marketing and selling homes. A residential development generally
includes a number of residential buildings containing from two to twenty-four
individual homes per building and/or single family detached homes, together with
amenities such as recreational buildings, swimming pools, tennis courts and open
areas.
Hovnanian attempts to reduce the effect of certain risks inherent in the
housing industry through the following policies and procedures:
- Through Hovnanian's presence in multiple geographic markets, its goal is
to reduce the effects that housing industry cycles, seasonality and local
conditions in any one area may have on its business. In addition,
Hovnanian plans to achieve a significant market presence in each of its
markets in order to obtain powers and economies of scale.
- Hovnanian acquires land for future development principally through the use
of land options, which need not be exercised before the completion of the
regulatory approval process. Hovnanian structures these options in most
cases with flexible takedown schedules rather than with an obligation to
takedown the entire parcel upon approval. Additionally, Hovnanian
purchases improved lots in certain markets by acquiring a small number of
improved lots with an option on additional lots. This allows Hovnanian to
minimize the economic costs and risks of carrying a large land inventory,
while maintaining its ability to commence new developments during
favorable market periods.
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<PAGE>
- In an attempt to reduce Hovnanian land acquisition costs, Hovnanian
monitors housing industry cycles and seeks to acquire land options near
the cyclical trough of specific geographic housing cycles.
- Hovnanian generally begins construction of an attached condominium or
townhouse building only after entering into contracts for the sale of at
least 50% of the homes in that building. A majority of Hovnanian's
single-family detached homes are started after a contract is signed and
mortgage approvals obtained. This limits the build-up of inventory of
unsold homes and the costs of maintaining and carrying that inventory.
- Hovnanian offers a broad product array to provide housing to a wide range
of customers. Hovnanian's customers consist of first-time buyers, first-
and second-time move-up buyers, luxury buyers, active adult buyers and
empty nesters.
- Hovnanian offers a wide range of customer options to satisfy individual
customer tastes. Hovnanian has constructed decoration centers in our
larger communities where the customer can better see customization
possibilities for their new home. Hovnanian opened a larger regional home
design gallery in New Jersey and one in Texas and in California. It is
Hovnanian's expectation to open regional design galleries in each of its
major markets.
Current base prices for Hovnanian's homes in contract backlog at
October 31, 1999 (exclusive of upgrades and options) range from $114,000 to
$921,000 in its Northeast Region, from $145,000 to $370,000 in Metro D.C., from
$94,000 to $570,000 in Texas, from $105,000 to $467,000 in North Carolina, from
$129,000 to $385,000 in California, from $176,000 to $318,000 in Florida, and
from $33,000 to $166,000 in other markets.
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Information on homes delivered by geographic market is set forth below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED
---------------------------------------
OCTOBER 31, OCTOBER 31, OCTOBER 31,
1999 1998 1997
----------- ----------- -----------
(HOUSING REVENUES IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Northeast Region: (1)
Housing Revenues.......................................... $560,586 $595,873 $445,817
Homes Delivered........................................... 2,063 2,530 2,128
Average Price............................................. $271,733 $235,522 $209,500
Metro D.C.:
Housing Revenues.......................................... $ 45,493 $ 38,904 $ 14,398
Homes Delivered........................................... 198 152 70
Average Price............................................. $229,762 $255,947 $205,685
Texas:
Housing Revenues.......................................... $ 13,184 -- --
Homes Delivered........................................... 66 -- --
Average Price............................................. $199,757 -- --
North Carolina:
Housing Revenues.......................................... $145,153 $127,592 $125,242
Homes Delivered........................................... 756 687 695
Average Price............................................. $192,001 $185,723 $180,204
California:
Housing Revenues.......................................... $105,941 $ 82,546 $ 69,252
Homes Delivered........................................... 514 457 365
Average Price............................................. $206,110 $180,625 $189,731
Florida:
Housing Revenues.......................................... $ 36,566 $ 44,168 $ 74,146
Homes Delivered........................................... 159 241 418
Average Price............................................. $229,974 $183,269 $177,382
Other:
Housing Revenues.......................................... $ 1,630 $ 6,561 $ 2,952
Homes Delivered........................................... 12 71 41
Average Price............................................. $135,833 $ 92,408 $ 72,000
Combined Total:
Housing Revenues.......................................... $908,553 $895,644 $731,807
Homes Delivered........................................... 3,768 4,138 3,717
Average Price............................................. $241,123 $216,443 $196,881
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) Fiscal 1999 includes $31,961,000 housing revenues and 88 homes from a New
Jersey homebuilder acquired on August 7, 1999.
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<PAGE>
The following table summarizes Hovnanian's active communities under
development as of October 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REMAINING
CONTRACTED HOMES
APPROVED HOMES NOT SITES
COMMUNITIES LOTS DELIVERED DELIVERED(1) AVAILABLE(2)
----------- -------- --------- ------------ ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Northeast Region........................ 27 9,224 3,279 1,075 4,870
Metro D.C............................... 9 998 453 141 404
Texas................................... 33 2,833 730 252 1,851
North Carolina.......................... 30 3,718 1,317 202 2,199
California.............................. 8 2,175 339 127 1,709
Florida................................. 2 900 781 37 82
Other................................... 1 115 -- 10 105
--- ------ ----- ----- ------
Total................................. 110 19,963 6,899 1,844 11,220
=== ====== ===== ===== ======
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) Includes 96 lots under option.
(2) Of the total home sites available, 599 were under construction or completed,
including 76 models and sales offices, 7,057 were under option and 216 were
financed through purchase money mortgages.
In addition, as of October 31, 1999, in substantially completed or suspended
developments, Hovnanian had 105 homes under construction or completed including
73 homes which are under contract. Hovnanian also had 66 lots without
construction, including four under contract, in these substantially completed or
suspended developments.
The following table summarizes Hovnanian's total started or completed unsold
homes as of October 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNSOLD HOMES MODELS TOTAL
------------ -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Northeast Region............................................ 114 31 145
Metro D.C................................................... 13 9 22
Texas....................................................... 225 28 253
North Carolina.............................................. 129 -- 129
California.................................................. 53 10 63
Florida..................................................... 5 -- 5
Other....................................................... 14 -- 14
--- -- ---
Total..................................................... 553 78 631
=== == ===
</TABLE>
As of October 31, 1999, Hovnanian controlled 26,808 lots in active and
proposed communities. It is Hovnanian's objective to control a supply of land
sufficient in the aggregate to meet anticipated building requirements for up to
five years in its housing markets.
BACKLOG
At October 31, 1999 and July 31, 2000, Hovnanian had a backlog of signed
contracts with base values aggregating $460.7 million and $584.0 million, for
1,921 homes and 2,270 homes, respectively. Substantially all of Hovnanian's
backlog at July 31, 2000 is expected to be completed and closed within the next
nine months.
Sales of Hovnanian's homes are typically made pursuant to a standard sales
contract. These contracts generally require a nominal customer deposit at the
time of signing and a majority of these
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<PAGE>
contacts require the remainder of a 5% to 10% down payment due 30 to 60 days
after signing and provide the customer with a statutorily mandated right of
rescission for a period ranging up to 15 days after execution. These contracts
generally include a financing contingency, which permits the customer to cancel
his obligation in the event mortgage financing at prevailing interest rates,
including financing arranged or provided by Hovnanian, is unobtainable within
the period specified in the contract. This contingency period typically is four
to eight weeks following the date of execution.
RESIDENTIAL LAND INVENTORY
It is Hovnanian's objective to control a supply of land, primarily through
options, consistent with anticipated homebuilding requirements in its housing
markets. Controlled land as of October 31, 1999, exclusive of communities under
development described under "Business of Hovnanian--Residential Development
Activities," is summarized in the following table:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF PROPOSED
PROPOSED DEVELOPED
COMMUNITIES LOTS
----------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Northeast Region:
Under Option........................................... 40 7,104
Owned.................................................. 3 265
-- ------
Total................................................ 43 7,369
== ======
Metro D.C.:
Under Option........................................... 9 1,634
Owned.................................................. 2 1,041
-- ------
Total................................................ 11 2,675
== ======
Texas:
Under Option........................................... 11 469
North Carolina:
Under Option........................................... 3 605
Owned.................................................. 2 208
-- ------
Total................................................ 5 813
== ======
California:
Under Option........................................... 5 634
Florida:
Owned.................................................. 3 1,033
Other:
Owned.................................................. 1 580
Totals:
Under Option........................................... 68 10,446
Owned.................................................. 11 3,127
-- ------
Combined Total....................................... 79 13,573
== ======
</TABLE>
In Hovnanian's Northeast Region, its objective is to control a supply of
land sufficient to meet anticipated building requirements for at least three to
five years. Hovnanian typically options parcels of unimproved land for
development.
In North Carolina and Metro D.C., a portion of the land Hovnanian acquired
was from land developers on a lot takedown basis. In Texas Hovnanian primarily
acquires improved lots from land
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developers. Under a typical agreement with the lot developer, Hovnanian
purchases a minimal number of lots. The balance of the lots to be purchased are
covered under an option agreement or a non-recourse purchase agreement. Due to
the dwindling supply of improved lots in these markets, Hovnanian is currently
optioning parcels of unimproved land for development.
In California, Hovnanian has focused its development efforts in the southern
portion of the state. Where possible, Hovnanian plans to option developed or
partially developed lots with no more than 50 to 75 lots to be taken down during
any twelve month period. With a limited supply of developed lots in California,
Hovnanian is currently optioning parcels of unimproved land for development.
CUSTOMER FINANCING
At Hovnanian's communities, on-site personnel facilitate sales by offering
to arrange financing for prospective customers through K. Hovnanian
Mortgage, Inc., which we refer to in this document as "KHM". Hovnanian believes
that the ability to offer financing to customers on competitive terms as a part
of the sales process is an important factor in completing sales.
KHM's business consists of providing Hovnanian's customers as well as
unrelated third parties with competitive financing and coordinating and
expediting the loan origination transaction through the steps of loan
application, loan approval and closing. KHM has its headquarters in Red Bank,
New Jersey. It originates loans in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, North
Carolina, Florida, California, South Carolina and Illinois.
KHM, like other mortgage bankers, customarily sells nearly all of the loans
that it originates. Additionally, KHM sells virtually all of the loan servicing
rights to loans it originates. Loans are sold either individually or in pools to
GNMA, FNMA, or FHLMC or against forward commitments to institutional investors,
including banks and savings and loan associations.
KHM plans to grow its mortgage banking operations. KHM originates loans from
customers who purchase homes from Hovnanian's affiliates. KHM's objective is to
increase the capture rate of non-cash homebuyers to 70% over the next several
years.
BUSINESS OF WASHINGTON HOMES
GENERAL
Washington Homes, Inc. designs, builds and markets single-family detached
homes, townhomes and condominium homes in the metropolitan areas of Washington,
DC-Baltimore, Maryland; Greensboro, Raleigh and Charlotte, North Carolina;
Nashville, Tennessee; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Huntsville, Alabama and the
Mississippi Gulf Coast. Washington Homes commenced operations in 1965 and
entered the Raleigh and Greensboro, North Carolina markets through an
acquisition effective as of May 1, 1994. During fiscal year 1996, Washington
Homes began operating in Charlotte, North Carolina and Nashville, Tennessee and
expanded operations in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During fiscal year 1999,
Washington Homes entered the Huntsville, Alabama and the Mississippi Gulf Coast
markets through an acquisition effective as of March 1, 1999. Washington Homes
operates under the name "Washington Homes" in Maryland, Virginia and
Pennsylvania and as "Westminster Homes" in North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama
and Mississippi.
Washington Homes' marketing efforts target consumers ranging from first time
home buyers to retirees. During the five years ended July 31, 2000 Washington
Homes delivered 8,497 homes and currently offers homes for sale in 82
communities at base sales prices ranging from $70,000 to $500,000. 2,517 homes
were delivered during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2000 generating
homebuilding revenues of $459.3 million of which 25 were delivered by a joint
venture with another builder. The average selling price of homes delivered by
Washington Homes during fiscal year 2000 was approximately $184,300. At
July 31, 2000, there was a backlog of 1,062 homes under contract with a
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<PAGE>
sales value of $215.5 million including 32 homes with a sales value of
$6.2 million from the joint venture.
Washington Homes, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Maryland in 1965.
Washington Homes' principal executive offices are located at 1802 Brightseat
Road, Landover, Maryland 20785-4235, and its telephone number is
(301) 772-8900.
PRODUCTS
Washington Homes builds homes designed by its personnel with assistance from
outside architectural firms. It strives to create a diversity of architectural
styles in each residential community, providing exterior and interior design
options for homes with the same basic floor plans that are intended to appeal to
a broad range of potential buyers and respond to changes in the market place.
Each residential community offers several home plans, with the opportunity
to select various exterior styles. Washington Homes develops new designs to
replace or augment existing ones as part of its continuing efforts to assure
that its homes are responsive to current consumer preferences.
The range of base sales prices and home sizes for Washington Homes' homes as
of July 31, 2000 was as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BASE SALES PRICE RANGE OF SIZES
----------------------- ----------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Single-family detached homes......................... $ 75,000--$500,000 1,000 to 4,500 sq. ft.
Townhomes............................................ $ 97,000--$250,000 1,050 to 2,500 sq. ft.
Condominiums......................................... $ 70,000--$105,000 600 to 1,400 sq. ft.
</TABLE>
In all of Washington Home's communities, certain options, including
fireplaces, finished basements, brick fronts, expanded rooms, upgraded
appliances, upgraded carpet and premium lot locations, are available to the
purchaser for an additional charge.
The following table sets forth a breakdown of Washington Homes' deliveries
by housing type in each of the last three years:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED JULY 31,
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------
HOMES % AMOUNT HOMES % AMOUNT HOMES % AMOUNT
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Single-family
detached homes............... 1,741 69.2 $343,472 1,519 71.5 $271,376 990 66.9 $170,139
Townhomes...................... 671 26.7 107,546 571 26.9 78,971 420 28.4 56,054
Condominiums................... 80 3.2 8,260 34 1.6 3,382 69 4.7 6,918
----- ----- -------- ----- ----- -------- ----- ----- --------
Subtotal..................... 2,492 99.1 459,278 2,124 100.0 353,729 1,479 100.0 233,111
Joint Venture--Active Adult
Single-family detached homes... 7 0.3 1,447 -- -- -- -- -- --
Townhomes...................... 18 0.6 2,893 -- -- -- -- -- --
----- ----- -------- ----- ----- -------- ----- ----- --------
Total........................ 2,517 100.0 $463,618 2,124 100.0 $353,729 1,479 100.0 $233,111
===== ===== ======== ===== ===== ======== ===== ===== ========
</TABLE>
During fiscal 1997, Washington Homes decided to phase out its condominium
operations and has not subsequently added any new condominium communities.
Activity is the result of building out previously established communities.
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<PAGE>
ORGANIZATION
Washington Homes' homebuilding operations are organized into nine
geographically based homebuilding divisions grouped into three operating
regions. Division offices for the Mid-Atlantic region are maintained in
Landover, Maryland; Chantilly, Virginia and Upper St. Clair, Pennsylvania.
Division offices for the Southeast region are maintained in Cary, Charlotte and
Greensboro, North Carolina. Division offices for the Mid-South region are
maintained in Brentwood, Tennessee; Madison, Alabama and Ocean Springs,
Mississippi. Corporate headquarters are located in Landover, Maryland.
Each division is headed by a division president who reports to a regional
president or the President--Homebuilding Operations. Division presidents have
responsibility for day-to-day operations, including implementation of community
marketing strategies, pricing of homes, managing subcontractors, delivering
finished homes and providing attendant service work. Division presidents are
supported by sales and production managers. Sales managers coordinate marketing
and advertising programs and oversee the sales representatives based at each
community. Production managers oversee field operations with managerial
responsibility for on-site production superintendents and are responsible for
purchasing materials, procuring subcontractor services, technical design and
construction issues.
Sales and building activities are managed at each community by a sales
representative and a superintendent. The sales representative is responsible for
implementing Washington Homes' marketing programs and for follow-through with
customers, from contract signing and loan application to delivery. The
superintendent coordinates the work of subcontractors and is responsible for
quality control and delivery of the finished product in a timely manner.
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS
As of July 31, 2000, Washington Homes controlled over 10,000 homesites, as
follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
COMMUNITIES IN LOTS OWNED
WHICH ----------------------
HOMES ARE CURRENTLY TOTAL FINISHED LOTS UNDER LOTS UNDER
MARKET OFFERED FOR SALE LOTS LOTS DEVELOPMENT OPTION
------ ------------------- -------- -------- ----------- ----------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Maryland............................ 15 1,666 351 517 798
Virginia............................ 13 2,403 236 106 2,061
Pennsylvania........................ 3 313 25 15 273
-- ------ ----- --- -----
Mid-Atlantic Region............... 31 4,382 612 638 3,132
Raleigh............................. 8 891 140 -- 751
Greensboro.......................... 11 1,423 281 325 817
Charlotte........................... 10 1,156 105 -- 1,051
-- ------ ----- --- -----
Southeast Region.................. 29 3,470 526 325 2,619
Tennessee........................... 8 939 119 -- 820
Alabama............................. 8 1,123 265 -- 858
Mississippi......................... 6 530 118 -- 412
-- ------ ----- --- -----
Mid-South Region.................. 22 2,592 502 -- 2,090
Combined Total...................... 82 10,444 1,640 963 7,841
== ====== ===== === =====
</TABLE>
OPERATIONS
LAND ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT. Washington Homes builds homes on building
lots which it either acquires as finished lots from developers or which it
develops itself. At July 31, 2000, Washington Homes owned or held options for
10,444 building lots.
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<PAGE>
Washington Homes' general strategy is to purchase, to the extent feasible,
finished building lots through land acquisition option contracts which provide
the maximum degree of flexibility for the timing of land purchases and minimize
Washington Homes' investment outlay. Through the utilization of land acquisition
option contracts, Washington Homes purchases the right, but not the obligation,
to buy a large number of building lots from a land developer. The options allow
Washington Homes to purchase building lots on a takedown schedule commensurate
with anticipated home sales. As a result, Washington Homes generally does not
purchase the building lot until the building lot can be utilized in its
construction schedule. The purchase agreements generally limit Washington Homes'
financial exposure to amounts placed with property sellers as deposits. Although
option contracts generally contain predetermined lot takedown schedules and
price escalation provisions, Washington Homes believes use of such contracts
significantly reduces risk since Washington Homes is able to minimize its
investment in land and limit its exposure to debt financing. At July 31, 2000,
Washington Homes owned 1,640 finished lots and had under option 7,841
homebuilding lots for which it had posted deposits of approximately
$9.2 million in the form of cash, letters of credit and promissory notes.
Washington Homes also develops land for its own residential operations, and
597 or 23.7% of the homes delivered in fiscal 2000 were built on land developed
by Washington Homes. As of July 31, 2000, Washington Homes owned 963 residential
lots in 16 communities which were in the process of land development. All
communities have obtained the required zoning and public approvals and, with two
exceptions, have physical construction underway. Washington Homes does not buy
land for the purpose of speculation.
Washington Homes from time to time experiences difficulties in obtaining
building lots. Washington Homes has experienced delays in acquiring lots from
land developers, primarily due to the difficulty experienced by developers in
completing development. In certain instances, Washington Homes acquired the land
from the developer and completed the development process itself. The imposition
of sewer moratoria, zoning changes and other governmental actions also can
affect the availability and use of land.
In its land development operations, Washington Homes employs experienced
supervisory personnel who deal directly with independent engineers and
consultants for land and site planning, obtaining governmental and environmental
approvals, and constructing on- and off-site improvements where necessary (such
as roads, water, sewers, storm drainage and other public facilities and
amenities). Actual development work is performed by independent contractors,
utility companies and/or local governmental water and sewer agencies.
MARKETING. Generally, a sales office, which is staffed by a Company sales
representative, is located in each community. In addition, a significant portion
of sales are derived from the introduction of customers to Washington Homes'
communities by local independent real estate brokers. Washington Homes maintains
an extensive broker co-op program. Washington Homes' sales personnel are
compensated with salary and/or incentive compensation and are trained by
Washington Homes. Sales personnel attend weekly meetings for updates on
financing availability, construction schedules, new land acquisitions, and
marketing and advertising plans. The concentration of Washington Homes'
communities allows Washington Homes to employ sales personnel on a long-term
basis, rather than a single community basis, which management believes results
in reduced training costs and a more motivated sales force with extensive
knowledge of Washington Homes' operating policies and housing products.
Washington Homes utilizes model home presentations (generally one per
community) as an integral part of Washington Homes' marketing program. In
addition, Washington Homes advertises in newspapers, local and regional
publications, on radio, as well as on billboards and roadside signage.
Washington Homes has established an internet site to provide customers with
information on products, communities and base prices.
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<PAGE>
Washington Homes utilizes standard sales contracts which require the
customer to make an earnest money deposit which is generally in the range of
$500 to $5,000. Upon execution of the contract and receipt of the deposit, the
home sale is included in backlog. The sales contract is generally cancelable
without forfeiture of deposit if the customer is unable to sell an existing home
or obtain permanent financing. The sales contract sets forth details of the home
being purchased, location, options ordered, details of financing sought and
closing requirements.
In addition to relying on management's extensive experience, Washington
Homes determines the prices for its homes through a Company-designed competitive
analysis program that compares a Washington Homes home with homes offered by
other builders in the relevant marketing area. Washington Homes accomplishes
this by evaluating differences in product features, amenities and location and
updates such analyses frequently.
Washington Homes has established new home design centers in Bowie, Maryland;
Chantilly, Virginia; Greensboro, North Carolina; Huntsville, Alabama and Ocean
Springs, Mississippi for the marketing of options available on Washington Homes'
homes. These centers provide for centralized option selection to enhance homes
on order. Washington Homes intends to expand this concept to other divisions in
fiscal 2001.
BUILDING. In its construction of homes, Washington Homes acts as a general
contractor with independent contractors performing all home construction and
site improvements work generally under fixed-price contracts. Construction is
performed under the direction of superintendents employed by Washington Homes.
Washington Homes enforces its commitment to quality by providing its
construction superintendents with incentive compensation arrangements based on
the homebuyer's satisfactory responses to pre-closing and post-closing
checklists.
OPERATING CONTROLS. Washington Homes attempts to limit exposure resulting
from speculative building. Generally, construction of single-family homes is
commenced only after a sales contract has been executed and the customer has
received preliminary loan approval. Construction of multi-family buildings is
generally commenced after sales contracts have been executed for a majority of
the homes in a particular building. Washington Homes may begin construction of
detached homes prior to obtaining sales contracts in order to maintain a limited
inventory, in anticipation of winter weather conditions or to conform to local
market requirements.
When possible, Washington Homes contracts on a fixed-price basis for
materials, such as appliances, lumber and carpeting, in an effort to minimize
the effects of changes in costs and to take advantage of bulk purchase
discounts. Washington Homes focuses on the gross profit margins of each home
sold in each community and the monitoring of selling, general and administrative
expenses. Every home and every community is considered a profit center for
budgeting and cost control purposes.
FINANCING FOR CUSTOMERS. Washington Homes builds, markets and prices its
homes under the guidelines and specifications of the Federal Housing
Administration ("FHA") and the Veterans Administration ("VA"), in order to
afford its prospective purchasers the added benefits of FHA insured and VA
guaranteed mortgages. In some areas on occasion, Washington Homes has obtained
lower than market interest rate financing for purchasers of its homes through
state or county bond programs. Washington Homes also assists its homebuyers in
obtaining conventional mortgage financing, generally following the guidelines
established by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac).
In fiscal 1993, Washington Homes established Homebuyer's Mortgage, Inc.
("Homebuyer's") as a subsidiary to provide residential mortgage services to
Washington Homes' customers and others. Homebuyer's primarily processes mortgage
applications with underwriting and funding provided by independent wholesale
lenders. In fiscal 2000, Homebuyer's closed 1,831 loans totaling $298.1 million
in permanent residential financing compared to 1,406 loans totaling
$210.6 million the previous fiscal year.
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<PAGE>
Washington Homes' capture rate (the percentage of Washington Homes' homebuyers
using Washington Homes' mortgage services) increased to 71% from 60% the
previous fiscal year.
During fiscal 2000, the homebuilding industry experienced somewhat higher
interest rates than those experienced in recent years. There can be no assurance
that a favorable interest rate environment or that government programs providing
assistance for homebuyers will continue in the future.
The following table summarizes certain mortgage operating information
(dollars in thousands) for Homebuyer's Mortgage, Inc.:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEARS ENDED JULY 31,
------------------------------------
2000 1999 1998
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Number of loans originated................................ 1,831 1,406 898
Average amount of loan originated......................... $ 163 $ 150 $ 136
Total amount of loans originated.......................... $298,100 $210,605 $121,920
Capture Rate.............................................. 71% 60% 55%
</TABLE>
OTHER SERVICES. Through various joint ventures, Washington Homes provides
title insurance agency services in Maryland, Virginia and Tennessee and other
insurance agency services in Maryland and Virginia.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT SEGMENTS
Washington Homes operates in two business segments, homebuilding and
financial services. Financial services include the operations of Homebuyer's
Mortgage, Inc. and the title insurance agency joint ventures.
REGULATION
Washington Homes is subject to a variety of federal, state and local
statutes, ordinances, rules and regulations concerning protection of health,
safety and the environment. The particular environmental laws, which apply to
any given community, vary greatly according to the community site, the
environmental condition of the site and the present and former uses of the site.
These environmental laws may result in delays, cause Washington Homes to incur
compliance and other costs and prohibit or restrict development in certain
environmentally sensitive regions or areas. Prior to consummating the purchase
of land, Washington Homes requires independent environmental engineers to
evaluate such land for the presence of wetlands and hazardous or toxic
materials, wastes or substances. Washington Homes has not been materially
affected to date by the presence or potential presence of such conditions.
To varying degrees, site development and building permits and approvals are
required to complete the residential developments currently being planned by
Washington Homes. The timing and ability of Washington Homes to obtain necessary
approvals and permits for these communities is often beyond Washington Homes'
control. The length of time necessary to obtain permits and approvals increases
the carrying costs of unimproved property acquired for the purpose of
development and construction. In addition, the continued effectiveness of
permits already granted may be subject to factors such as changes in policies,
rules and regulations and their interpretation and application.
When developing land, Washington Homes must obtain the approval of numerous
governmental authorities regulating such matters as permitted land uses and
levels of density, the installation of utility services such as water and waste
disposal and the dedication of acreage for open space, parks, schools and other
community purposes. To date, the governmental approval process and restrictive
zoning and moratoria have not had material adverse effect on Washington Homes'
development activities nor does Washington Homes currently have any lots that
cannot be developed due to local or
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<PAGE>
federal regulatory restrictions. There is no assurance, however, that these or
other restrictions will not adversely affect Washington Homes in the future.
COMPETITION AND MARKET FACTORS
The metropolitan housing markets served by Washington Homes are highly
competitive. In its marketing efforts, Washington Homes encounters competition
from other homebuilders and apartment and condominium developers, as well as
from sellers of existing homes. In the locations where Washington Homes builds,
there is intense competition among numerous large and small homebuilders.
Competition in the homebuilding industry is intense, in part because of the
historic ease with which large national homebuilders, many of which may have
greater financial resources than Washington Homes, can expand their operations.
Washington Homes competes on the basis of price, location, mortgage
financing terms, design and Washington Homes' reputation for quality. Based upon
the experience of its management, Washington Homes believes that it compares
favorably with its principal competitors in terms of its knowledge, expertise
and its ability to obtain building lots at prices and locations which allow it
to offer a well-priced, quality product and to obtain financing for its
customers.
Washington Homes also competes with other builders for the acquisition of
building lots. This competition is based primarily on a builder's reputation,
and perceived abilities to market its homes.
The housing industry is cyclical and affected generally by consumer
confidence levels, prevailing economic conditions and particularly by interest
rate levels. A variety of other factors affect the housing industry and demand
for new homes, including the availability of labor and materials and increases
in the costs thereof; changes in costs associated with home ownership, such as
increases in property taxes and energy costs; changes in consumer preferences;
demographic trends and the availability of and changes in mortgage financing
programs.
BONDS, WARRANTIES AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS
Washington Homes is frequently required, in conjunction with the development
of its communities, to obtain performance or maintenance bonds to ensure
completion of Washington Homes' development obligations. The amount of such
obligations outstanding at any time varies in accordance with Washington Homes'
pending development activities. To date, Washington Homes has fulfilled its
development obligations. Should Washington Homes fail to build required
improvements and the bonds backing such obligations were called, Washington
Homes would be obligated to reimburse the issuing surety company or bank.
Washington Homes' financial exposure in this regard is reduced as improvements
are completed and bonds released. At July 31, 2000, Washington Homes had
approximately $15.2 million in letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding.
All homes delivered by Washington Homes are sold with the benefit of
Washington Homes' two-year limited warranty as to workmanship supplemented by a
limited ten-year warranty as to structural integrity under the Residential
Warranty Corporation program, a privately insured program, and other similar
warranty programs. To assist Washington Homes in meeting its warranty
obligations to customers, Washington Homes requires subcontractors to provide
warranties of their workmanship to Washington Homes.
EMPLOYEES
At July 31, 2000, Washington Homes employed 531 full time personnel of whom
94 were sales and marketing personnel, 178 were executive, administrative and
clerical personnel and 259 were involved in construction. Although none of
Washington Homes' employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements,
certain of the independent contractors which Washington Homes engages employ
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personnel who may be represented by labor unions or may be subject to collective
bargaining agreements. Washington Homes believes that its relations with its
employees and independent contractors are good.
JOINT VENTURES
Washington Homes participates in various joint ventures formed to develop
residential land into finished building lots for sale to Washington Homes and
other homebuilders utilizing non-recourse acquisition and development loans. In
addition, during fiscal year 1999 Washington Homes formed a joint venture with
US Home Corporation to construct and market active adult housing in the Raleigh,
North Carolina market. During fiscal 1999 and 2000, Washington Homes entered
into several joint venture agreements with a local real estate developer to
develop residential building lots for the Huntsville, Alabama and Mississippi
Gulf Coast markets.
Washington Homes has a series of joint ventures that are utilized to provide
title services and provide insurance to its homebuyers.
Washington Homes' interest in the joint ventures' operating results has not
been significant to date. Washington Homes expects to continue to evaluate
potential joint ventures and other strategic alliances as part of its
operations.
BUSINESS OF THE COMBINED COMPANIES
Complementing Hovnanian's position as the largest builder in New Jersey, pro
forma for the merger with Washington Homes, Hovnanian believes it would also be
the largest builder in North Carolina and the second largest builder in Metro
D.C. Pro forma for the merger, for the twelve months ended July 31, 2000,
Hovnanian would have had revenues of $1,552 million, delivered 6,747 homes,
EBITDA, which stands for earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization, of $113.6 million and new orders of 6,873 homes. Pro forma for the
merger, Hovnanian's backlog would have been 3,332 homes with a value of
$799.5 million at July 31, 2000. Backlog and new order numbers used in
calculating the pro forma figures were a record for both Hovnanian and
Washington Homes.
The combined company will benefit from, among other things, an increased
geographic market and a broader product offering. Geographically, the combined
company will operate in eleven states. Washington Homes' product offering will
be materially enhanced by the Hovnanian strategic positions in its respective
geographic markets. The enhanced size of the combined business will solidify
further positions in principal current markets, as well as helping to expand the
areas of activities.
The following table provides data, on a geographic basis, regarding the
combined homebuilding operations of Washington Homes and Hovnanian at or for the
twelve month period ended July 31, 2000.
PRO FORMA HOMESITES OWNED AND CONTROLLED AS OF JULY 31, 2000 AND DELIVERIES FOR
TWELVE MONTHS ENDED JULY 31, 2000
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TOTAL HOMESITES
OWNED AND TOTAL
GEOGRAPHIC AREA CONTROLLED DELIVERIES
--------------- --------------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
[TABLE TO BE COMPLETED]
</TABLE>
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COMPETITION
The residential housing business is highly competitive. In their activities,
each of Hovnanian and Washington Homes has competed, and the combined companies
will continue to compete, with numerous developers and builders in and near each
of the geographic areas in which Hovnanian and Washington Homes operate. The
competition ranges from small local builders to larger regional and national
builders and developers, some of which have greater sales and financial
resources than Washington Homes and Hovnanian. Resale of housing and
availability of real housing provide additional competition. Washington Homes
and Hovnanian compete primarily on the basis of reputation, price, location,
design, quality, service and amenities.
DESCRIPTION OF HOVNANIAN CAPITAL STOCK
The authorized capital stock of Hovnanian is 100,100,000 shares consisting
of 87,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share,
13,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and
100,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share in such series and
with such voting powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating,
optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or
restrictions thereof, as maybe fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors
for each series. The following summary description of certain provisions of
Hovnanian's Restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws does not purport
to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to said provisions.
COMMON STOCK
As of August 28, 2000, 13,716,017 shares of Class A common stock and
7,635,522 shares of Class B common stock were outstanding. The Class A common
stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange. There is no established public
trading market for the Class B common stock. In order to trade Class B common
stock, the shares must be converted into Class A common stock on a one-for-one
basis. Any issuance of common stock made in connection with the merger will
consist only of Class A common stock. The outstanding Class A common stock is,
and any Class A common stock issued in connection with the merger will be, fully
paid and non-assessable.
DIVIDENDS. Cash dividends on the Class A common stock will be paid if, when
and as determined by the Board of Directors of Hovnanian out of funds legally
available for this purpose. Certain debt instruments to which Hovnanian is a
party contain restrictions on the payment of cash dividends. At October 31,
1999, $35.4 million of retained earnings were free of such restrictions. The
amount of any regular cash dividend payable on a share of Class A common stock
will be an amount equal to 110% of the corresponding regular cash dividend
payable on a share of Class B common stock. Hovnanian has never paid cash
dividends nor does it currently intend to pay cash dividends.
VOTING RIGHTS. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote for
each share held by them on all matters presented to stockholders. Holders of
Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share.
LIQUIDATION RIGHTS. After satisfaction of the preferential liquidation
rights of any Preferred Stock, the holders of the Class A common stock and
Class B common stock are entitled to share ratably as a single class in the
distribution of all remaining net assets.
PREEMPTIVE AND OTHER RIGHTS. The holders of Class A common stock do not
have preemptive rights as to additional issues of common stock or conversion
rights. The shares of Class A common stock are not subject to redemption or to
any further calls of assessments and are not entitled to the benefit of any
sinking fund provisions. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of
Class A common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the
rights of the holder of shares of any series of Preferred Stock, which Hovnanian
may designate and issue in the future.
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PREFERRED STOCK
The certificate of incorporation authorizes the Board of Directors to issue
from time to time up to 100,000 shares of Preferred Stock, in one or more
series, and with such voting powers, designations, preferences and relative,
participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations
or restrictions thereof, as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of
Directors for each series. No shares of Preferred Stock have been issued and
Hovnanian has no present plans to issue any shares of Preferred Stock. The
Preferred Stock, however, could be used by the Hovnanian board of directors
without further action by the Hovnanian stockholders as an anti-takeover device.
REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT
Hovnanian's registrar and transfer agent is Equiserve, LP.
NEW DEBT FINANCING
On October 2, 2000, a subsidiary of Hovnanian completed an offering of
$150,000,000 10 1/2% Senior Notes due 2007, which are guaranteed by Hovnanian.
The proceeds of the offering will be used to repay outstanding debt under
Hovnanian's revolving credit agreement. Hovnanian intends to borrow under the
revolving credit agreement to fund a portion of the merger with Washington
Homes. However, the completion of the offering was not a condition to the
merger.
MANAGEMENT OF HOVNANIAN FOLLOWING THE MERGER
The directors and executive officers of Hovnanian following the merger will
be as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME POSITION
---- -------------------------------------
<S> <C>
Kevork A. Hovnanian.................. Chairman of the Board
Ara K. Hovnanian..................... President and Chief Executive
Officer, Director
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr.............. Chief Operating Officer and President
of Homebuilding Operations, Director
J. Larry Sorsby...................... Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer, Director
Paul W. Buchanan..................... Senior Vice President and Corporate
Controller, Director
William L. Carpitella................ Senior Vice President, Organizational
Development
Peter S. Reinhart.................... Secretary, Senior Vice President and
General Counsel, Director
Kevin Hake........................... Treasurer and Vice President
Arthur M. Greenbaum.................. Director
Desmond P. McDonald.................. Director
Stephen D. Weinroth.................. Director
</TABLE>
For information regarding the ages and business backgrounds of the current
executive officers of Hovnanian, please refer to the caption "Directors and
Executive Officers of the Registrant" in Part III of the Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1999. Similar information
regarding Hovnanian's directors appears in Hovnanian's proxy statement for its
1999 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated into this document by
reference. Information regarding
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Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Thomas J. Pellerito, Christopher Spendley and Clayton
Miller is incorporated by reference to Washington Homes' Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2000, which is incorporated into
this document by reference.
HOVNANIAN STOCK OWNERSHIP INFORMATION
Information relating to the stock ownership of management, directors and 5%
stockholders of Hovnanian is incorporated in this document by reference to the
section titled "Voting Rights and Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial
Owners and Management" of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting held on
March 16, 2000, which has also been incorporated by reference into the
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 1999. For instructions on how to
obtain information incorporated by reference, see "Where You Can Find More
Information" on page .
WASHINGTON HOMES STOCK OWNERSHIP INFORMATION
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table indicates the number of shares of our common stock owned
by persons known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our outstanding
common stock as of September 20, 2000.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND ADDRESS OF AMOUNT AND NATURE OF PERCENT
BENEFICIAL OWNER (1) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP OF CLASS
------------------------------------------------- -------------------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr.(3)(4)(5)(6)............. 1,117,294 13.7
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Sr.(3)(4)(7)................ 709,369 8.7
A. Hugo DeCesaris(3)(4)(5)(8).................... 602,835 7.4
Marco A. DeCesaris(3)(4)(5)(9)................... 540,551 6.6
Joseph A. DeCesaris(3)(4)(5)..................... 463,403 5.7
Dimensional Fund Advisors, Inc.(10) ............. 522,000 6.4
1299 Ocean Avenue
Santa Monica, CA 90401
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) The address for DeCesaris family members is 1802 Brightseat Road, Landover,
Maryland 20785-4235.
(2) Based on 8,129,461 shares outstanding.
(3) Includes shares held by spouse and jointly with spouse. Each person listed
has joint voting and investment power with that person's spouse with
respect to the shares jointly owned. Also includes shares held in that
person's retirement plan accounts.
(4) Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Marco A. DeCesaris, A. Hugo DeCesaris and Joseph
A. DeCesaris are the sons and Paul C. Sukalo is the son-in-law of Geaton A.
DeCesaris, Sr. While these persons have acted together in various
businesses, principally in real estate, there is no agreement among them to
vote their shares together or to otherwise act in concert concerning our
affairs. Each of the individuals disclaims beneficial ownership of any
shares other than as listed opposite such person's name in the table above
or the following table.
(5) Does not include shares held by certain DeCesaris family trusts for the
benefit of family members, portions of which may be deemed indirectly
beneficially owned as follows: 100,000 shares by Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr.,
40,000 shares by Marco A. DeCesaris, 40,000 by A. Hugo DeCesaris and 80,000
by Joseph A. DeCesaris. The co-trustees of these trusts have shared voting
and investment power with respect to shares held.
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<PAGE>
(6) Includes 21,500 shares held as custodian for family members and 7,000 by a
corporation which he controls.
(7) Includes 590,000 shares held in a trust for family members for which
Mr. DeCesaris acts as trustee.
(8) Includes 72,000 shares held as custodian for family members.
(9) Includes 8,000 shares held as custodian for family members.
(10) Beneficial ownership is as of December 31, 1999. Dimensional Fund
Advisors, Inc., has informed us that it is a registered investment advisor
and investment manager, that it has sole power to vote and sole
dispositive power with respect to all shares held.
Of the above listed principal stockholders, Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Geaton
A. DeCesaris, Sr., Marco A. DeCesaris, Joseph A. DeCesaris, and A. Hugo
DeCesaris have signed agreements with Hovnanian under which they have agreed
that they will vote their shares of Washington Homes common stock in favor of
the merger agreement and the merger. SEE "Voting and Other Agreements."
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<PAGE>
OWNERSHIP BY DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following table sets forth information as of September 20, 2000
regarding benficial ownership of our common stock by each director, each
executive officer and our directors and executive officers as a group.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SHARES PERCENTAGE OF
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION BENEFICIALLY OWNED OUTSTANDING SHARES(7)
--------------------------- ------------------ ---------------------
<S> <C> <C>
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. .................... 1,117,294(1)(2)(3)(4) 13.7%
Chairman of the Board,
President and Chief Executive Officer
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Sr ..................... 709,369(1)(3)(5) 8.7
Chairman Emeritus and Director
Thomas Pellerito ............................ 365,000(4) 4.5
President, Homebuilding Operations,
Chief Operating Officer
Paul C. Sukalo .............................. 266,211(1)(3)(6) 3.3
Senior Vice President, Director
Clayton Miller .............................. 12,462(1)(3)(4) *
Senior Vice President
Christopher Spendley ........................ 1,000(3)(4) *
Senior Vice President, Secretary
Thomas Connelly ............................. 56,000(1)(3)(4) *
Director
Richard S. Frary ............................ 53,830(1)(3) *
Director
Ronald M. Shapiro ........................... 2,225(3) *
Director
Richard B. Talkin ........................... 11,000(1)(3) *
Director
All Directors and executive officers as a
group (10 persons)......................... 2,594,391(1)(2)(3)(4)(5) 31.9
</TABLE>
------------------------
* Less than 1% of issued and outstanding shares of common stock.
(1) Includes shares held by spouse or jointly with spouse, and/or shares held in
retirement plan accounts.
(2) Does not include 100,000 shares held in the DeCesaris family trusts which
may be deemed indirectly beneficially owned by Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., but
does include 21,500 shares held as custodian for family members and 7,000
shares by a corporation which he controls.
(3) Does not include shares which such person has a right to acquire through the
exercise of options as follows: Mr. DeCesaris, Jr. 95,000; Mr. DeCesaris,
Sr. 20,000; Mr. Sukalo 24,000; Mr. Spendley 72,000; Mr. Miller 34,000;
Mr. Connelly 20,000; Mr. Shapiro 27,000; Mr. Talkin 27,000; and Mr. Frary
25,000 and all executive officers and directors as a group 344,000.
(4) Does not include shares which such person has the right to receive under the
deferred compensation incentive plan as follows: Mr. DeCesaris, Jr. 26,736;
Mr. Pellerito 21,787; Mr. Miller 3,975; Mr. Spendley 7,950; and
Mr. Connelly 1,157.
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(5) Includes 590,000 shares held in a trust for the benefit of DeCesaris family
members for which Geaton A. DeCesaris, Sr. acts as trustee.
(6) Does not include 60,000 shares held in the DeCesaris family trusts which may
be deemed indirectly beneficially owned by Paul C. Sukalo.
(7) Based on 8,129,461 shares outstanding.
Messrs. DeCesaris, Jr., DeCesaris, Sr. and Sukalo have signed agreements
with Hovnanian under which they have agreed that they will vote their shares of
Washington Homes common stock in favor of the merger agreement and the merger.
SEE "Voting and Other Agreements."
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
In the merger agreement, Hovnanian agreed to register in the registration
statement of which this document is a part the shares of Hovnanian stock to be
acquired by our affiliates in the merger. Hovnanian further agreed that it would
keep the registration statement statutorily current for one year to allow those
affiliates to sell their shares of Hovnanian stock from time to time in their
discretion. SEE "Terms of Hovnanian's Acquisition of Washington
Homes--Restrictions on Resales by Affiliates," beginning on page . In
addition, Hovnanian has entered into a registration rights agreement with
eighteen stockholders of Washington Homes, under which Hovnanian has agreed to
register for future sale those stockholders' shares of Hovnanian stock to be
received in the merger. SEE "Voting and Other Agreements," beginning on page
. The table below presents information regarding the share ownership of
these stockholders, before and after the merger.
The following table assumes that (a) each of the named individuals elects to
receive all Hovnanian stock in exchange for his/her/its shares of Washington
Homes common stock and (b) the exchange rate is 1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock
for each share of Washington Homes common stock. Although each share of
Hovnanian Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share, and each share
of Hovnanian Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share, we have
aggregated the votes of each class of Hovnanian common stock because the two
classes of common stock vote together as a group, and not separately, on all
matters properly raised at Hovnanian stockholders' meetings.
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<PAGE>
None of the selling stockholders listed in the table and footnotes below own
any shares of Hovnanian stock as of the date of this document.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SHARES OF NUMBER OF SHARES IF
WASHINGTON HOMES HOVNANIAN STOCK TO NUMBER OF SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK OWNED BE RECEIVED IN HOVNANIAN STOCK THAT
NAME OF STOCKHOLDER(1) BEFORE MERGER(3) MERGER(4)(5) MAY BE SOLD(6)
---------------------- ------------------- ------------------- --------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr.(2)............ 1,212,294 1,685,089 1,185,089
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Sr.(2)............ 139,369 193,723 193,723
Thomas Pellerito....................... 365,000 507,350 507,350
Paul C. Sukalo(2)...................... 290,211 403,393 403,393
Thomas Connelly(2)..................... 56,000 77,840 77,840
Richard S. Frary(2).................... 53,830 74,824 74,824
Ronald M. Shapiro...................... 2,225 3,093 3,093
Richard B. Talkin(2)................... 11,000 15,290 15,290
Marco A. DeCesaris..................... 556,551 773,606 773,606
Joseph A. DeCesaris(2)................. 463,403 644,130 644,130
A. Hugo DeCesaris(2)................... 628,835 874,081 874,081
The DeCesaris Family GRAT Trust........ 590,000 820,100 820,100
The Geaton A. and Elizabeth H.
DeCesaris Family Trust............... 20,000 27,800 27,800
The Geaton A. and Josephine A.
DeCesaris Family Trust............... 100,000 139,000 139,000
The Joseph A. and Donna M. DeCesaris
Family Trust......................... 80,000 111,200 111,200
The Marco A. DeCesaris Family Trust.... 40,000 55,600 55,600
The Paul C. and Ida A. Sukalo Family
Trust................................ 60,000 83,400 83,400
The A. Hugo and Julie P. DeCesaris
Family Trust......................... 40,000 55,600 55,600
</TABLE>
------------------------
(1) None of the selling stockholders has held a position with Hovnanian during
the last three years. Following the merger, however, Geaton A. DeCesaris,
Jr. will be the chief operating officer, president of homebuilding
operations and a director of Hovnanian and Thomas Pellerito will be
president, southeast region of WHI Holding. In addition, Marco A. DeCesaris,
Joseph A. DeCesaris, A. Hugo DeCesaris and Paul Sukalo are currently
employed by Washington Homes and anticipate being employed by WHI Holding
after the merger.
(2) Includes shares held jointly with their respective spouses, in part as
follows: Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. and Josephine A. DeCesaris 1,067,350;
Geaton A. DeCesaris, Sr. and Elizabeth H. DeCesaris 101,865; Joseph A.
DeCesaris and Donna M. DeCesaris 463,403; A. Hugo DeCesaris and Julie P.
DeCesaris 530,835; and Paul C Sukalo and Ida A. Sukalo 254,986. All spouses
are considered selling stockholders for purposes of this document.
(3) Represents number of shares owned of record and beneficially by named person
whether jointly and individually, and includes all shares subject to stock
options, all as of September 20, 2000. Includes shares which such person has
a right to acquire through the exercise of options as follows: Geaton A.
DeCesaris, Jr. 95,000; Geaton A. DeCesaris, Sr. 20,000; Paul C. Sukalo
24,000; A. Hugo
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<PAGE>
DeCesaris 26,000; and Marco A. DeCesaris 16,000. Does not include shares
which such person has a right to acquire through the exercise of options as
follows: Thomas Connelly 20,000; Ronald M. Shapiro 27,000; Richard B. Talkin
27,000; and Richard S. Frary 25,000. Also includes shares held in each
person's retirement plan accounts. Does not include shares which such person
has the right to receive under the deferred compensation incentive plan as
follows: Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. 26,736; Thomas Pellerito 21,787; A. Hugo
DeCesaris 2,148; and Thomas Connelly 1,157.
(4) Assumes that each share of Washington Homes common stock is exchanged for
1.39 shares of Hovnanian stock.
(5) Except for Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., who would own approximately 1.6% of the
total voting power of Hovnanian after the merger, none of these selling
stockholders will individually own in excess of 1% of the voting power of
Hovnanian.
(6) Although all shares of Hovnanian stock to be acquired in the merger by each
named person are being registered, the table assumes that all shares of
Hovnanian stock as indicated in the table will be sold, including all shares
subject to stock options and all shares held in retirement plan accounts,
except that it is also assumed that Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. will not sell
500,000 shares. It is possible that the named person will not sell all of
the shares indicated in the table or will sell some or all of the indicated
shares from time to time over a period of time.
The selling stockholders, whose names are listed in the table above, offer
for resale by means of this document some or all of the shares of Hovnanian
stock that they may receive at their election from Hovnanian in the merger in
exchange for their shares of Washington Homes common stock. We refer to these
shares of Hovnanian stock in this and the next section as the "subject shares."
Assuming that 60% of the value of the merger consideration is Hovnanian stock,
the subject shares will constitute approximately % of the votes of
Hovnanian's issued and outstanding voting stock as of the date completion of the
merger. Hovnanian will receive no portion of any proceeds from any sale of any
of the subject shares by the selling stockholders.
Prior to execution of the merger agreement and Washington Homes' proposed
merger with Hovnanian, the selling stockholders had no relationship or
affiliation with Hovnanian or any of its affiliates. Following the merger,
certain of the selling stockholders will enter employment agreements with
Hovnanian. SEE "Voting and Other Agreements," beginning on page .
Hovnanian is registering the selling stockholders' shares to permit public
secondary trading of the subject shares by the selling stockholders and to allow
the selling stockholders to offer the subject shares for resale at such times as
they each choose. Hovnanian cannot give any estimate as to the number of shares
that each of the selling stockholders will hold after completion of the merger
because there currently are no agreements, arrangements or understandings with
respect to the sale of any of the subject shares. The selling stockholders, and
each selling stock holder, may offer from time to time the subject shares held
by them in their sole discretion.
Hovnanian is registering all of the subject shares of its stock on behalf of
the selling stockholders in accordance with the merger agreement. Hovnanian will
issue the subject shares to the selling stockholders in connection with the
merger. Depending on market conditions and other factors, the selling
stockholders may sell some or all of the subject shares offered by this
prospectus from time to time, in one or more transactions, on the New York Stock
Exchange or the American Stock Exchange, whichever is applicable, or otherwise,
at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at negotiated prices, or at
fixed prices, which may be changed. The selling stockholders may effect such
sales directly, or through agents, or through dealers. The selling stockholders
may sell some or all of the subject shares in ordinary broker's transactions or
through privately negotiated transactions or through a combination of any of
these methods of sale. In connection with their sales, the selling stockholders
may pay usual and customary or specifically negotiated brokerage fees or
commissions. The selling
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stockholders will act independently from us in making decisions with respect to
the timing, manner and size of each sale.
The aggregate proceeds to the selling stockholders from the sale of the
subject shares will be the purchase price of the common stock sold less the
aggregate agents' commissions, if any, and other expenses of issuance and
distribution not borne by Hovnanian. The selling stockholders and any dealers or
agents that participate in the distribution of the subject shares may be deemed
to be "underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933. Any
profit on the sale of the shares and any commissions received by any such dealer
or agent in effecting sales of the selling stockholders's shares may be deemed
to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. There is
no underwriter or coordinating broker acting in connection with the proposed
sale of the subject shares by the selling stockholders.
The selling stockholders will sell the subject shares only through
registered or licensed brokers or dealers if required under applicable state
securities laws. Because the selling stockholders may be deemed to be
underwriters within the meaning of Section 2(11) under the Securities Act, they
will be subject to the prospectus delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
Hovnanian will make copies of this document available to the selling
stockholders and have informed them of the need for delivery of copies of this
document to purchasers at or prior to the time of any sale of the subject
shares.
Hovnanian will bear all costs and expenses, including registration fees, in
connection with the registration of the subject shares under the Securities Act.
The selling stockholders will bear all commissions and discounts, if any,
payable with respect to sales of the subject shares. The selling stockholders
will pay any transaction costs associated with effecting any sales that occur.
The selling stockholders may agree to indemnify any broker-dealer or agent that
participates in transactions involving sales of the subject shares against
certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE MERGER
The following discussion is a summary description of the material U.S.
federal income tax consequences of the merger applicable to Washington Homes
stockholders. This discussion is for general information only and does not
purport to consider all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be
relevant to a Washington Homes stockholder. This discussion is based upon the
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, existing regulations, and
administrative and judicial interpretations of the Internal Revenue Code, all as
in effect as of the date of this document and all of which are subject to change
(possibly with retroactive effect). This discussion applies only to Washington
Homes stockholders who hold their shares of Washington Homes common stock as
capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code
and does not apply to the following:
- stockholders who received their shares of Washington Homes common stock
from the exercise of employee stock options or similar securities or
otherwise as compensation;
- stockholders who hold their shares of Washington Homes common stock as
part of a "straddle," "hedge," "conversion transaction," "synthetic
security" or other integrated investment;
- stockholders (including, without limitation, financial institutions,
insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, dealers or traders in
securities, and stockholders subject to the alternative minimum tax) who
may be subject to special rules;
- stockholders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; or
- stockholders who, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are non-resident
alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships, or foreign
estates or trusts.
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This discussion also does not consider the effect of any foreign, state or
local laws or any U.S. federal laws other than those pertaining to the income
tax.
ACCORDINGLY, YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE THE TAX EFFECT
TO YOU OF THE MERGER, INCLUDING THE APPLICATION AND EFFECT OF FOREIGN, OR U.S.
FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS.
TAX OPINION AND MERGER. Completion of the merger is contingent upon the
receipt by:
- Hovnanian of an opinion from its attorneys to the effect that the merger
will be treated as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a)
of the Internal Revenue Code; and
- Washington Homes of an opinion from its attorneys to the effect that the
merger will be treated as a reorganization within the meaning of
Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.
The opinions will be based upon certain customary assumptions and
representations of fact, including representations of fact contained in
certificates of officers of Hovnanian and Washington Homes. We will not seek any
ruling from the Internal Revenue Service as to the U.S. federal income tax
consequences of the merger, and the opinions of counsel are not binding upon the
Internal Revenue Service or any court. Accordingly, we can give no assurance
that the Internal Revenue Service will not contest the conclusions expressed in
the opinions or that a court will not sustain such contest.
To qualify as a reorganization, among other requirements, the merger must
satisfy a "continuity of interest" test, under which the Washington Homes
stockholders must receive a meaningful ownership interest in Hovnanian as a
result of the merger. Generally, this test will be considered satisfied if
Washington Homes stockholders in the aggregate exchange a substantial part of
their Washington Homes common stock for Hovnanian common stock in the merger.
For advance ruling purposes, the Internal Revenue Service has provided a safe
harbor which requires the historic stockholders of the acquired entity exchange
at least 50%, by value, of the total outstanding stock of the acquired entity
for stock of the acquiring entity to satisfy the continuity of interest test.
This safe harbor, however, merely indicates the level of continuity required by
the Internal Revenue Service for the issuance of an advance ruling and does not
represent the degree of continuity that is required to qualify as a
reorganization. Relevant case law has permitted a lower percentage threshold for
satisfaction of the continuity of interest test.
The merger has been structured with the intent that at least 50.1% of the
consideration provided in the merger will consist of Hovnanian stock. It is
possible, however, that the value of the Hovnanian common stock issued at the
time of the merger could fall below this threshold. The merger agreement
provides that if either the tax opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett, attorneys
for Hovnanian, or Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP, attorneys for Washington Homes,
cannot be issued as a result of the merger potentially failing to satisfy the
continuity of interest requirement, the amount of cash consideration would be
decreased and the amount of Hovnanian stock consideration would be concomitantly
increased to the minimum extent necessary to enable the relevant tax opinions to
be rendered.
The following discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences of the
merger to Washington Homes stockholders assumes that the merger will qualify as
a "reorganization" within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Internal Revenue
Code. As discussed below, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the merger
to a Washington Homes stockholder depend on the form of consideration received
by the stockholder.
WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS WHO RECEIVE SOLELY HOVNANIAN COMMON STOCK
A Washington Homes stockholder who exchanges shares of Washington Homes
common stock solely for Hovnanian stock will not recognize any gain or loss on
that exchange (except to the extent the stockholder receives cash in lieu of
fractional shares of Hovnanian, as discussed below). The
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aggregate adjusted tax basis of Hovnanian stock received will equal the
Washington Homes stockholder's aggregate adjusted tax basis in the shares of
Washington Homes common stock surrendered in the merger. The holding period of
the Hovnanian stock received in the merger will include the holding period of
the Washington Homes common stock surrendered in the merger. See the discussion
below under "B Cash Received in Lieu of Fractional Shares" for the U.S. federal
income tax consequences of the receipt of cash in lieu of a fractional share of
Hovnanian stock.
WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS WHO RECEIVE CASH AND HOVNANIAN COMMON STOCK
If the consideration received in the merger by a Washington Homes
stockholder consists of part cash and part Hovnanian stock, then any gain
realized by the stockholder will be recognized to the extent of the lesser of
(1) the excess of the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value, as of
the date of the merger, of the shares of Hovnanian stock received, over the
adjusted basis of the shares of Washington Homes common stock surrendered in
exchange therefor, and (2) the amount of cash received by the stockholder in the
exchange. However, if a Washington Homes stockholder's adjusted basis in the
shares of Washington Homes common stock surrendered in the transaction is
greater than the sum of the amount of cash and the fair market value of the
Hovnanian stock received, the Washington Homes stockholder's loss will not be
currently allowed or recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
In the case of a Washington Homes stockholder who recognizes gain on the
exchange, if the exchange sufficiently reduces the stockholder's proportionate
stock interest, as discussed below, the gain will be characterized as a capital
gain. If the exchange does not sufficiently reduce the stockholder's
proportionate stock interest, such gain will be taxable as a dividend to the
extent of the stockholder's ratable share of accumulated earnings and profits of
Washington Homes, and the remainder, if any, of such recognized gain will be
capital gain. Any recognized capital gain will be long-term capital gain if the
stockholder's holding period for the shares of Washington Homes common stock
surrendered exceeds one year.
The determination of whether the exchange sufficiently reduces a Washington
Homes stockholder's proportionate stock interest will be made in accordance with
Section 302 of the Internal Revenue Code, taking into account the stock
ownership attribution rules of Section 318 of the Internal Revenue Code. Under
Section 318, individuals are treated as constructively owning stock owned by
specified members of the individual's family or by certain entities in which the
individual or his family members have a beneficial interest and certain entities
are treated as constructively owning stock owned by persons having a beneficial
interest in the entity. For purposes of determining whether the exchange
sufficiently reduces a stockholder's proportionate stock interest, a Washington
Homes stockholder is treated as if (1) all such stockholder's shares of
Washington Homes common stock were first exchanged in the merger for Hovnanian
stock, and (2) a portion of such Hovnanian stock was then redeemed for the cash
actually received in the merger. The Washington Homes stockholder's hypothetical
stock interest in Hovnanian (both actual and constructive) after hypothetical
step (2) is compared to such Washington Homes stockholder's hypothetical stock
interest in Hovnanian, both actual and constructive, after hypothetical step
(1). Dividend treatment will apply unless (A) the stockholder's stock interest
in Hovnanian has been completely terminated, (B) there has been a "substantially
disproportionate" reduction in the stockholder's stock interest in Hovnanian
(i.e., such interest after hypothetical step (2) is less than 80% of the
interest after hypothetical step (1)), or (C) the exchange is not "essentially
equivalent to a dividend." While the determination is based on a Washington
Homes stockholder's particular facts and circumstances, the Internal Revenue
Service has indicated in published rulings that a distribution is not
"essentially equivalent to a dividend" and will therefore result in capital gain
treatment if the distribution results in any actual reduction in the stock
interest of an extremely small minority stockholder in a publicly held
corporation and the stockholder exercises no control with respect to corporate
affairs.
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BECAUSE THE DETERMINATION OF WHETHER A PAYMENT WILL BE TREATED AS HAVING THE
EFFECT OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF A DIVIDEND GENERALLY WILL DEPEND UPON THE FACTS
AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF EACH WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDER, YOU ARE STRONGLY ADVISED
TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE TAX TREATMENT OF CASH RECEIVED IN
THE MERGER, INCLUDING THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP RULES OF THE
INTERNAL REVENUE CODE AND THE EFFECT OF ANY TRANSACTIONS IN HOVNANIAN STOCK OR
SHARES OF WASHINGTON HOMES COMMON STOCK BY YOU.
The basis of a Washington Homes stockholder who receives cash and Hovnanian
stock in the merger in the Hovnanian stock received will equal such
stockholder's adjusted basis in the stockholder's shares of Washington Homes
common stock increased by any gain recognized as a result of the merger and
reduced by the amount of cash received in the merger. The holding period of the
Hovnanian stock received will include the holding period of the shares of
Washington Homes common stock surrendered in the merger.
WASHINGTON HOMES STOCKHOLDERS WHO RECEIVE SOLELY CASH
The exchange of shares of Washington Homes common stock solely for cash
generally will result in recognition of gain or loss by the stockholder in an
amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash received and the
stockholder's adjusted tax basis in the shares of Washington Homes common stock
surrendered. The gain or loss recognized will be long-term capital gain or loss
if the stockholder's holding period for the shares of Washington Homes common
stock surrendered exceeds one year. There are limitations on the extent to which
stockholders may deduct capital losses from ordinary income.
If a Washington Homes stockholder who receives only cash in exchange for all
such stockholder's shares of Washington Homes common stock actually or
constructively owns Hovnanian stock after the merger (as the result of
constructive ownership of shares of Washington Homes common stock that are
exchanged for Hovnanian stock in the merger, prior actual or constructive
ownership of Hovnanian stock or otherwise), all or a portion of the cash
received by the stockholder may, in certain circumstances, be taxed as a
dividend, and such stockholders should consult their tax advisors to determine
the amount and character of the income recognized in connection with the merger.
CASH RECEIVED IN LIEU OF FRACTIONAL SHARES
A Washington Homes stockholder who receives cash in lieu of a fractional
Hovnanian common share will be treated as having first received such fractional
Hovnanian common share in the merger then as having received cash in exchange
for the fractional share interest. Thus, such a Washington Homes stockholder
generally will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference
between the amount of cash received in lieu of the fractional Hovnanian common
share and the portion of the basis in the shares of Washington Homes common
stock allocable to that fractional interest.
SPECIAL RULES FOR STOCKHOLDERS THAT ARE CORPORATIONS
To the extent that cash received in exchange for shares of Washington Homes
common stock is taxable as a dividend, as described above, to a Washington Homes
stockholder that is a corporation, that stockholder will be (1) eligible for a
dividends received deduction, subject to applicable limitations, and
(2) subject to the "extraordinary dividend" provisions of the Internal Revenue
Code. Any such cash that is taxable as a dividend to a corporate stockholder
will constitute an extraordinary dividend. Consequently, the nontaxed portion of
any such dividend will reduce the adjusted tax basis of a Washington Homes
stockholder that is a corporation in the Hovnanian stock received in the merger,
but not below zero, and will thereafter be taxable as capital gain.
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INCOME TAX RATES
Capital gain recognized in the merger by individuals and certain other
noncorporate Washington Homes stockholders who have held their shares of
Washington Homes common stock for more than one year generally will be subject
to a U.S. federal income tax rate of 20%. Gain or dividend income otherwise
recognized by Washington Homes stockholders generally will be subject to a
(1) maximum 39.6% U.S. federal income tax rate for individuals and certain other
noncorporate stockholders, or (2) maximum 35% U.S. federal income tax rate for
corporations.
MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES TO HOVNANIAN, WASHINGTON HOMES AND WHI
HOLDING
Assuming that the merger is treated as a reorganization, none of Hovnanian,
Washington Homes and WHI Holding will recognize gain or loss as a result of the
merger.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Payments in connection with the merger may be subject "backup withholding"
at a rate of 31%, unless a Washington Homes stockholder, (1) provides a correct
taxpayer identification number (which, for an individual stockholder, is the
stockholder's social security number) and any required information to the paying
agent, (2) provides a certification of foreign status on Form W-8, or successor
form, or (3) is a corporation or comes within certain exempt categories and,
when required, demonstrates that fact and otherwise complies with applicable
requirements of the backup withholding rules. A Washington Homes stockholder who
does not provide a correct taxpayer identification number may be subject to
penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Any amount paid as backup
withholding does not constitute an additional tax and will be creditable against
the stockholder's U.S. federal income tax liability. Each Washington Homes
stockholder should consult with his own tax advisor as to his qualification for
exemption from backup withholding and the procedure for obtaining such
exemption. YOU MAY PREVENT BACKUP WITHHOLDING BY COMPLETING A SUBSTITUTE
FORM W-9 (CONTAINED WITH THE TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO BE FORWARDED TO YOU) AND
SUBMITTING IT TO THE PAYING AGENT FOR THE MERGER WHEN YOU SUBMIT YOUR WASHINGTON
HOMES SHARE CERTIFICATES FOR EXCHANGE.
OTHER MATTERS
WASHINGTON HOMES
As of the date of this document, the Washington Homes Board knows of no
matters that will be presented for consideration at the Washington Homes special
meeting other than as described in this document. If any other matters shall
properly come before the Washington Homes special meeting and be voted upon, the
enclosed proxies will be deemed to confer discretionary authority on the
individuals named as proxies therein to vote the shares represented by such
proxies as to any such matters. The persons named as proxies intend to vote or
not to vote in accordance with the recommendation of the management of
Washington Homes.
Washington Homes normally holds its annual meeting in November or December
of each year. Because of the proposed merger, Washington Homes does not know
whether or not it will hold its annual meeting for the year 2000. If Washington
Homes holds its annual meeting in November or December 2000, the deadlines for
Washington Homes stockholders to have submitted shareholder proposals have
already past.
HOVNANIAN
As of the date of this document, the Hovnanian board of directors knows of
no matters that will be presented for consideration at the Hovnanian special
meeting other than as described in this document. If any other matters shall
properly come before the Hovnanian special meeting and be voted upon, the
enclosed proxies will be deemed to confer discretionary authority on the
individuals names as
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proxies therein to vote the shares represented by such proxies as to any such
matters. The persons named as proxies intend to vote or not to vote in
accordance with the recommendation of the management of Hovnanian.
Hovnanian stockholder proposals for inclusion in the proxy materials related
to the 2001 annual meeting of stockholders must be received by Hovnanian no
later than November 30, 2000. To be properly brought before the annual meeting,
any proposal must be received 45 days prior to the 2001 annual meeting.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Hovnanian stock to be issued in connection with the
merger will be passed upon by Hovnanian's counsel, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett,
New York, New York. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett and Duane, Morris & Heckscher
LLP, Washington, D.C., counsel for Washington Homes will pass on certain federal
income tax consequences of the merger.
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
The consolidated financial statements of Hovnanian as of October 31, 1999
and 1998 and for each of the three years in the period ended October 31, 1999,
incorporated herein by reference, have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP,
independent auditors, as stated in their report incorporated herein by
reference.
The consolidated financial statements of Washington Homes as of July 31,
2000 and 1999 and for each of the three years in the period ended July 31, 2000,
incorporated by reference in this document, have been audited by Deloitte &
Touche LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their reports appearing therein.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
Hovnanian and Washington Homes file annual, quarterly and special reports,
proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any
reports, statements or other information we file at the SEC's public reference
room at Room 1024, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. In addition,
such reports, proxy statements and other information can be inspected at the
SEC's Regional Offices at 7 World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, NY 10048
and Citicorp Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois
60661. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the
public reference rooms. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from
commercial document retrieval services and at the web site maintained by the SEC
at [http://www.sec.gov]. In addition, you may read and copy Hovnanian' SEC
filings at the American Stock Exchange, 86 Trinity Place, New York, New York
10006 and Washington Homes' SEC filings at the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad
Street, New York, New York 10005. Hovnanian's Internet address is
[http://www.khov.com], and Washington Homes' Internet address is
[http://www.whinc.com].
Hovnanian has filed a registration statement on Form S-4 to register with
the SEC the Hovnanian common stock to be issued to the holders of Washington
Homes common stock in the merger. This document is a part of that registration
statement and constitutes a prospectus of Hovnanian in addition to being a proxy
statement of Washington Homes for the Washington Homes special meeting. As
allowed by SEC rules, this document does not contain all the information you can
find in the registration statement or the exhibits to the registration
statement.
The SEC allows us to "incorporate by reference" information into this
document, which means that we can disclose important information to you by
referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information
incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this document, except for any
information superseded or modified by information in this document. Any such
statement so superceded or modified shall not be deemed, except as so superceded
or modified,
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to constitute a part of this document. This document incorporates by reference
the documents set forth below that we have previously filed with the SEC. These
documents contain important information about Hovnanian and Washington Homes,
their finances and their common stock.
WASHINGTON HOMES' SEC FILINGS
- Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended July 31, 2000;
- Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on September 5, 2000 and
September 20, 2000;
- Schedule 13D pertaining to Hovnanian, dated September 7, 2000; and
- Schedule 13D pertaining to Washington Homes, dated as of September 7,
2000, filed by and on behalf of a "group" (as such term is defined for
purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act) as set forth therein.
HOVNANIAN'S SEC FILINGS
- Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 1999;
- Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended January 31, 2000,
April 30, 2000 and July 31, 2000;
- Current Reports on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on August 28, 2000 and
September 20, 2000;
- Schedule 13D pertaining to Washington Homes, dated September 7, 2000;
- the description of the Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of
Hovnanian set forth in Hovnanian's Registration Statement of Form 8-A
filed November 24, 1992 and any amendment or report filed for the purpose
of updating any such description; and
- the section titled "Voting Rights and Security Ownership of Certain
Beneficial Owners and Management" set forth in Hovnanian's Proxy Statement
for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders held on March 16, 2000.
We incorporate by reference additional documents that we file with the SEC
under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act between the date of
this document and the effective time of the merger.
Hovnanian has supplied all information contained or incorporated by
reference in this document relating to Hovnanian, and Washington Homes has
supplied all such information relating to Washington Homes.
If you are a stockholder of Washington Homes, we may have sent you some of
the documents incorporated by reference, but you can obtain any of them through
us or the SEC. You can obtain documents incorporated by reference from us
without charge, excluding all exhibits unless we have specifically incorporated
by reference an exhibit in this document. Stockholders of Washington Homes may
obtain documents incorporated by reference in this document by requesting them
in writing or by telephone from the appropriate party at the following address:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.
10 Highway 35
P.O. Box 500
Red Bank, New Jersey 07701
Attention: J. Larry Sorsby, Chief Financial Officer
Tel: (732) 747-7800
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Washington Homes, Inc.
1802 Brightseat Road
Landover, Maryland 20785-4235
Attention: Christopher Spendley, Secretary
Tel: (301) 772-8900
If you would like to request documents from us, please do so by
, 2000 to receive them prior to the Washington Homes special meeting.
NO ONE HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY
REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IN CONNECTION WITH
THE SOLICITATION OF PROXIES OR THE OFFERING OF SECURITIES MADE BY THIS DOCUMENT.
IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS
HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY WASHINGTON HOMES, HOVNANIAN OR ANY OTHER PERSON ON
THEIR BEHALF. THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A
SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, ANY SECURITIES, OR THE SOLICITATION OF A PROXY
IN ANY JURISDICTION TO OR FROM ANY PERSON TO WHOM IT IS NOT LAWFUL TO MAKE ANY
SUCH OFFER OF SOLICITATION IN SUCH JURISDICTION. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS
DOCUMENT NOR ANY DISTRIBUTION OF SECURITIES TO WHICH IT RELATES WILL UNDER ANY
CIRCUMSTANCE CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN THE AFFAIRS
OF WASHINGTON HOMES OR HOVNANIAN SINCE THE DATE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THAT
INFORMATION IN IT IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SUBSEQUENT TO ITS DATE.
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WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
PROXY SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The undersigned hereby appoints Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. and Christopher
Spendley, and either of them, each with full power of substitution, as proxies
for the undersigned to vote all shares of Common Stock of Washington
Homes, Inc., a Maryland corporation, which the undersigned is entitled to vote
at the Special Meeting of Stockholders to be held on , 2000 at
10:00 a.m. local time at the Greenbelt Marriott Hotel, 6400 Ivy Lane, Greenbelt,
Maryland and at any adjournment or postponement thereof, as hereinafter
specified. The undersigned hereby revokes all proxies heretofore given. IF THE
UNDERSIGNED MAKES NO VOTING SPECIFICATION BELOW, THIS PROXY WILL BE VOTED FOR
THE FOLLOWING PROPOSAL.
1. To approve the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 28, 2000, by
and among Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc. ("Hovnanian"), a Delaware corporation,
its wholly owned subsidiary WHI Holding Company, Inc. ("WHI Holding"), and
Washington Homes, Inc. ("Washington Homes"), and to approve the merger of
Washington Homes with and into WHI Holding, with WHI Holding being the
surviving corporation, and all of the matters contemplated by the merger
agreement.
/ / FOR / / AGAINST / / ABSTAIN
2. The proxies are authorized to vote in their discretion upon such other
business that may properly come before the Washington Homes special meeting
and any adjournment or postponement thereof.
/X/ Please mark your votes as in this example.
<PAGE>
Date: ____________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Signature(s)
Please sign here exactly as
name(s) appear(s) on the left.
When signing as attorney,
executor, administrator, trustee,
guardian, or in any other
fiduciary capacity, give full
title. If more than one person
acts as trustee, all should sign.
All joint owners must sign.
I plan to attend the Special
Meeting:__________________________
Please mark, sign and date, and
mail in the enclosed postage paid
envelope.
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
PROXY
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
NOMINEE HOLDER OF CLASS B COMMON STOCK
THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints Kevork S. Hovnanian, Ara K.
Hovnanian and Desmond P. McDonald, and each of them, his true and lawful agents
and proxies with full power of substitution in each, to represent the
undersigned at the Special Meeting of Stockholders of HOVNANIAN
ENTERPRISES, INC. to be held at , at on ,
2000, and at any adjournments thereof, upon the matters set forth in the notice
of meeting and Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, dated , 2000 and
upon all other matters properly coming before said meeting.
CONTINUED AND TO BE SIGNED ON REVERSE SIDE
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
/X/ Please mark votes as in this example
THIS PROXY WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED WILL BE VOTED (1) FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE
ISSUANCE OF HOVNANIAN CLASS A COMMON STOCK IN THE MERGER AND (2) ON ANY OTHER
MATTERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISCRETION OF THE NAMED ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS, IF
NO INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONTRARY ARE INDICATED.
Approval of the share issuance / / FOR / / AGAINST / / ABSTAIN
MARK HERE FOR ADDRESS CHANGE AND NOTE AT LEFT
Date: ____________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Signature(s):
Please mark, sign, date and return
the proxy card promptly using the
enclosed envelope. This Proxy must
be signed exactly as name appears
hereon. If the signer is a
corporation, please sign full
corporate name by duly authorized
officer.
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
PROXY
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
CLASS A COMMON STOCK
THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints Kevork S. Hovnanian, Ara K.
Hovnanian and Desmond P. McDonald, and each of them, his true and lawful agents
and proxies with full power of substitution in each, to represent the
undersigned at the Special Meeting of Stockholders of HOVNANIAN
ENTERPRISES, INC. to be held at , at on ,
2000, and at any adjournments thereof, upon the matters set forth in the notice
of meeting and Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, dated , 2000 and
upon all other matters properly coming before said meeting.
CONTINUED AND TO BE SIGNED ON REVERSE SIDE
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
/X/ Please mark votes as in this example
THIS PROXY WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED WILL BE VOTED (1) FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE
ISSUANCE OF HOVNANIAN CLASS A COMMON STOCK IN THE MERGER AND (2) ON ANY OTHER
MATTERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISCRETION OF THE NAMED ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS, IF
NO INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONTRARY ARE INDICATED.
1. Approval of the share issuance / / FOR / / AGAINST / / ABSTAIN
MARK HERE FOR ADDRESS CHANGE AND NOTE AT LEFT
Date: ____________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Signature(s):
Please mark, sign, date and return
the proxy card promptly using the
enclosed envelope. This Proxy must
be signed exactly as name appears
hereon. If the signer is a
corporation, please sign full
corporate name by duly authorized
officer.
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
PROXY
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
BENEFICIAL OWNER OF CLASS B COMMON STOCK
THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints Kevork S. Hovnanian, Ara K.
Hovnanian and Desmond P. McDonald, and each of them, his true and lawful agents
and proxies with full power of substitution in each, to represent the
undersigned at the Special Meeting of Stockholders of HOVNANIAN
ENTERPRISES, INC. to be held at , at on ,
2000, and at any adjournments thereof, upon the matters set forth in the notice
of meeting and Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, dated , 2000 and
upon all other matters properly coming before said meeting.
By signing on the reverse hereof, the undersigned certifies that (A) with
respect to of the shares represented by this proxy, the undersigned
has been the beneficial owner of such shares since the date of their issuance or
is a Permitted Transferee (as defined in paragraph 4(A) of Article FOURTH of the
Company's Certificate of Incorporation) of any such beneficial owner and
(B) with respect to the remaining shares represented by this proxy,
the undersigned has not been the beneficial owner of such shares since the date
of their issuance nor is the undersigned a Permitted Transferee of any such
beneficial owner.
If no certificate is made, it will be deemed that all shares of Class B
common stock represented by this proxy have not been held, since the date of
issuance, for the benefit or account of the same beneficial owner of such shares
or any Permitted Transferee.
CONTINUED AND TO BE SIGNED ON REVERSE SIDE
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
/X/ Please mark votes as in this example
THIS PROXY WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED WILL BE VOTED (1) FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE
ISSUANCE OF HOVNANIAN CLASS A COMMON STOCK IN THE MERGER AND (2) ON ANY OTHER
MATTERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISCRETION OF THE NAMED ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS, IF
NO INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONTRARY ARE INDICATED.
1. Approval of the share issuance / / FOR / / AGAINST / / ABSTAIN
MARK HERE FOR ADDRESS CHANGE AND NOTE AT LEFT
Date: ____________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Signature(s):
Please mark, sign, date and return
the proxy card promptly using the
enclosed envelope. This Proxy must
be signed exactly as name appears
hereon. If the signer is a
corporation, please sign full
corporate name by duly authorized
officer.
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
PROXY
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
CLASS B COMMON STOCK
THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The undersigned hereby constitutes and appoints Kevork S. Hovnanian, Ara K.
Hovnanian and Desmond P. McDonald, and each of them, his true and lawful agents
and proxies with full power of substitution in each, to represent the
undersigned at the Special Meeting of Stockholders of HOVNANIAN
ENTERPRISES, INC. to be held at , at on ,
2000, and at any adjournments thereof, upon the matters set forth in the notice
of meeting and Joint Proxy Statement/Prospectus, dated , 2000 and
upon all other matters properly coming before said meeting.
CONTINUED AND TO BE SIGNED ON REVERSE SIDE
<PAGE>
DETACH HERE
/X/ Please mark votes as in this example
THIS PROXY WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED WILL BE VOTED (1) FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE
ISSUANCE OF HOVNANIAN CLASS A COMMON STOCK IN THE MERGER AND (2) ON ANY OTHER
MATTERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISCRETION OF THE NAMED ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS, IF
NO INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONTRARY ARE INDICATED.
1. Approval of the share issuance / / FOR / / AGAINST / / ABSTAIN
MARK HERE FOR ADDRESS CHANGE AND NOTE AT LEFT
Date: ____________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Signature(s):
Please mark, sign, date and return
the proxy card promptly using the
enclosed envelope. This Proxy must
be signed exactly as name appears
hereon. If the signer is a
corporation, please sign full
corporate name by duly authorized
officer.
<PAGE>
ANNEX I
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER
AMONG
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
WHI HOLDING CO., INC.
AND
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
DATED AS OF AUGUST 28, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ARTICLE I
THE MERGER
SECTION 1.01 THE MERGER.................................................. I-1
SECTION 1.02 CLOSING..................................................... I-1
SECTION 1.03 EFFECTIVE TIME.............................................. I-2
SECTION 1.04 CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS OF THE SURVIVING I-2
CORPORATION.................................................
SECTION 1.05 DIRECTORS................................................... I-2
SECTION 1.06 OFFICERS.................................................... I-2
SECTION 1.07 FURTHER ASSURANCES.......................................... I-2
ARTICLE II
EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CONSTITUENT CORPORATIONS;
EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
SECTION 2.01 CAPITAL STOCK OF MERGER SUB................................. I-2
SECTION 2.02 CANCELLATION OF TREASURY STOCK AND PARENT OWNED STOCK....... I-3
SECTION 2.03 CONVERSION OF COMPANY COMMON STOCK.......................... I-3
SECTION 2.04 EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES.................................... I-6
SECTION 2.05 RULE 145 AFFILIATES......................................... I-8
SECTION 2.06 STOCK OPTIONS AND OTHER STOCK PLANS......................... I-9
SECTION 2.07 TAX CONSEQUENCES............................................ I-9
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
SECTION 3.01 ORGANIZATION................................................ I-9
SECTION 3.02 CAPITALIZATION.............................................. I-10
SECTION 3.03 AUTHORITY................................................... I-11
SECTION 3.04 NONCONTRAVENTION; FILINGS AND CONSENTS...................... I-11
SECTION 3.05 COMPANY SEC DOCUMENTS; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS................. I-12
SECTION 3.06 INFORMATION SUPPLIED........................................ I-12
SECTION 3.07 ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES OR EVENTS........................ I-12
SECTION 3.08 LITIGATION.................................................. I-13
SECTION 3.09 ABSENCE OF CHANGES IN BENEFIT PLANS......................... I-13
SECTION 3.10 EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS........................... I-13
SECTION 3.11 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS, ERISA.................................... I-13
SECTION 3.12 LABOR MATTERS............................................... I-15
SECTION 3.13 TAXES....................................................... I-15
SECTION 3.14 COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS............................. I-16
SECTION 3.15 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS....................................... I-16
SECTION 3.16 INSURANCE................................................... I-17
SECTION 3.17 BROKERS..................................................... I-17
SECTION 3.18 VOTE REQUIRED............................................... I-17
SECTION 3.19 CERTAIN CONTRACTS........................................... I-17
SECTION 3.20 REAL PROPERTY............................................... I-18
SECTION 3.21 OPINION OF FINANCIAL ADVISOR................................ I-18
SECTION 3.22 DISCLOSURE.................................................. I-18
</TABLE>
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<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
SECTION 4.01 ORGANIZATION................................................ I-19
SECTION 4.02 CAPITALIZATION.............................................. I-19
SECTION 4.03 AUTHORITY................................................... I-20
SECTION 4.04 VALID ISSUANCE OF PARENT COMMON STOCK....................... I-20
SECTION 4.05 NONCONTRAVENTION; FILINGS AND CONSENTS...................... I-20
SECTION 4.06 PARENT SEC DOCUMENTS; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.................. I-21
SECTION 4.07 INFORMATION SUPPLIED........................................ I-22
SECTION 4.08 ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES OR EVENTS........................ I-22
SECTION 4.09 LITIGATION.................................................. I-22
SECTION 4.10 OWNERSHIP OF COMPANY CAPITAL STOCK.......................... I-22
SECTION 4.11 INTERIM OPERATIONS OF MERGER SUB............................ I-22
SECTION 4.12 BROKERS..................................................... I-22
SECTION 4.13 PARENT FINANCING............................................ I-22
SECTION 4.14 DISCLOSURE.................................................. I-22
SECTION 4.15 INVESTIGATION BY PARENT..................................... I-23
SECTION 4.16 VOTE REQUIRED............................................... I-23
ARTICLE V
COVENANTS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
SECTION 5.01 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY.......................... I-23
SECTION 5.02 COVENANTS OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB.......................... I-25
SECTION 5.03 NO SOLICITATION............................................. I-26
ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
SECTION 6.01 COMPANY SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING............................... I-27
SECTION 6.02 REGISTRATION STATEMENT; PROXY STATEMENT..................... I-28
SECTION 6.03 INFORMATION; CONFIDENTIALITY................................ I-29
SECTION 6.04 APPROVALS AND CONSENTS; COOPERATION......................... I-30
SECTION 6.05 COMPANY BENEFIT PLANS....................................... I-31
SECTION 6.06 FEES AND EXPENSES........................................... I-31
SECTION 6.07 PLAN OF REORGANIZATION...................................... I-32
SECTION 6.08 PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS........................................ I-32
SECTION 6.09 LETTERS OF ACCOUNTANTS...................................... I-32
SECTION 6.10 DIRECTORS' AND OFFICERS' INSURANCE AND INDEMNIFICATION...... I-33
SECTION 6.11 RESALES BY AFFILIATES....................................... I-33
SECTION 6.12 STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING...................................... I-34
SECTION 6.13 DELIVERY OF 2000 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS....................... I-34
SECTION 6.14 BOARD REPRESENTATION........................................ I-34
SECTION 6.15 VOTING AGREEMENTS........................................... I-34
ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER
SECTION 7.01 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF EACH PARTY................. I-35
SECTION 7.02 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB...... I-35
SECTION 7.03 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY................ I-36
</TABLE>
I-ii
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C>
ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER
SECTION 8.01 TERMINATION................................................. I-36
SECTION 8.02 EFFECT OF TERMINATION....................................... I-37
SECTION 8.03 AMENDMENT................................................... I-37
SECTION 8.04 EXTENSION; WAIVER........................................... I-37
ARTICLE IX
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 9.01 NONSURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS.............................. I-38
SECTION 9.02 NOTICES..................................................... I-39
SECTION 9.03 DEFINITIONS................................................. I-39
SECTION 9.04 INTERPRETATION.............................................. I-40
SECTION 9.05 COUNTERPARTS................................................ I-40
SECTION 9.06 ENTIRE AGREEMENT; THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES................. I-40
SECTION 9.07 ASSIGNMENT.................................................. I-40
SECTION 9.08 GOVERNING LAW............................................... I-40
SECTION 9.09 ENFORCEMENT................................................. I-40
SECTION 9.10 SEVERABILITY................................................ I-40
</TABLE>
EXHIBITS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
EXHIBIT A Form of Company Tax Opinion Representation Letter........... A-1
EXHIBIT B Form of Parent Tax Opinion Representation Letter............ B-1
EXHIBIT C Form of Company Affiliate Letter............................ C-1
EXHIBIT D Employment Agreement of Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr............. D-1
EXHIBIT E Employment Agreement of Thomas Pellerito.................... E-1
EXHIBIT F Employment Agreement of Christopher Spendley................ F-1
EXHIBIT G Employment Agreement of Clayton Miller...................... G-1
</TABLE>
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<PAGE>
AGREEMENT AND PLAN OF MERGER, dated as of August 28, 2000 among
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("PARENT"), WHI Holding
Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent
("MERGER SUB"), and Washington Homes, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the
"COMPANY").
WITNESSETH:
WHEREAS, the respective Boards of Directors of Parent, Merger Sub and the
Company have approved the acquisition of the Company by Parent upon the terms
and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement and Plan of Merger,
including, without limitation, the exhibits attached hereto (collectively, this
"AGREEMENT");
WHEREAS, the respective Boards of Directors of Parent, Merger Sub and the
Company have approved the merger of the Company with and into Merger Sub (the
"MERGER") upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this
Agreement, whereby each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the
Company ("COMPANY COMMON STOCK") issued and outstanding immediately prior to the
Effective Time of the Merger, other than shares owned directly or indirectly by
Parent or by the Company, will be converted into the right to receive shares of
Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Parent (the "PARENT COMMON
STOCK") or cash, in each case subject to the provisions of Article II of this
Agreement;
WHEREAS, for federal income tax purposes, the Merger is intended to qualify
as a tax-free reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the United
States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "CODE"); and
WHEREAS, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company desire to make certain
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in connection with the
Merger and also to prescribe certain conditions to the Merger.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual
representations, warranties, covenants and agreements herein contained, and
intending to be legally bound hereby, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company hereby
agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
THE MERGER
SECTION 1.01 THE MERGER. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set
forth in this Agreement, and in accordance with the Maryland General Corporation
Law (the "MGCL") and the Delaware General Corporation Law (the "DGCL"), the
Company shall be merged with and into Merger Sub at the Effective Time (as
defined in Section 1.03). Upon the Effective Time, the separate corporate
existence of the Company shall cease, and Merger Sub shall continue as the
surviving corporation (the "SURVIVING CORPORATION") and shall succeed to and
assume all the rights, assets, liabilities and obligations of the Company in
accordance with the MGCL and the DGCL.
SECTION 1.02 CLOSING. The closing of the Merger (the "CLOSING") shall take
place at 10:00 a.m. on a date to be specified by the parties which shall be no
later than the second Business Day after the satisfaction or waiver (subject to
applicable law) of the conditions (excluding conditions that, by their nature,
cannot be satisfied until the Closing Date (as defined below)), set forth in
Article VII, unless this Agreement has been theretofore terminated pursuant to
its terms or unless another time or date is agreed to in writing by the parties
hereto (the actual time and date of the Closing being referred to herein as the
"CLOSING DATE"), at the offices of Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP, 1667 K Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-1608. The Company shall as promptly as practicable
notify Parent, and Parent and Merger Sub shall as promptly as practicable notify
the Company, when the conditions to such party's obligation to effect the Merger
contained in Article VII shall have been satisfied.
I-1
<PAGE>
SECTION 1.03 EFFECTIVE TIME. On the Closing Date, the parties shall
execute and file in the offices of the State Department of Assessments and
Taxation for the State of Maryland appropriate articles of merger or other
appropriate documents (in any such case, the "ARTICLES OF MERGER") executed and
acknowledged in accordance with the relevant provisions of the MGCL and shall
make all other filings or recordings required under the MGCL and shall execute
and file in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware a
certificate of merger (the "CERTIFICATE OF MERGER") executed in accordance with
the DGCL and shall make all other filings or recordings required under the DGCL.
The "EFFECTIVE TIME" shall be 11:59 p.m. eastern time on the Closing Date which
date and time shall be specified in the Articles of Merger and the Certificate
of Merger, or at such other time as is agreed to in writing by the parties
hereto and specified in the Articles of Merger and the Certificate of Merger.
SECTION 1.04 CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION AND BY-LAWS OF THE SURVIVING
CORPORATION. (a) The Certificate of Incorporation of Merger Sub as in effect
immediately prior to the Effective Time shall become, without any further action
on the part of Parent, Merger Sub or the Company, the Certificate of
Incorporation of the Surviving Corporation from and after the Effective Time,
and thereafter may be amended as provided therein and as permitted by law and
this Agreement.
(b) The By-Laws of Merger Sub as in effect immediately prior to the
Effective Time shall become, without any further action on the part of Parent,
Merger Sub or the Company, the By-Laws of the Surviving Corporation from and
after the Effective Time, and thereafter may be amended as provided therein and
as permitted by law and this Agreement.
SECTION 1.05 DIRECTORS. The directors of Merger Sub immediately prior to
the Effective Time shall be the directors of the Surviving Corporation, until
the earlier of their death, resignation or removal or until their respective
successors are duly elected and qualified, as the case may be.
SECTION 1.06 OFFICERS. The officers of the Company immediately prior to
the Effective Time shall be the officers of the Surviving Corporation, until the
earlier of their death, resignation or removal or until their respective
successors are duly elected and qualified, as the case may be.
SECTION 1.07 FURTHER ASSURANCES. If, at and after the Effective Time, the
Surviving Corporation shall consider or be advised that any deeds, bills of
sale, assignments, assurances or any other actions or things are necessary or
desirable to vest, perfect or confirm of record or otherwise in the Surviving
Corporation any and all right, title and interest in, to and under any of the
rights, properties or assets of either of the Merger Sub or the Company acquired
or to be acquired by the Surviving Corporation as a result of, or in connection
with, the Merger or otherwise to carry out this Agreement, the officers and
directors of the Surviving Corporation shall be authorized to execute and
deliver, in the name and on behalf of each of the Merger Sub and the Company, or
otherwise, all such deeds, bills of sale, assignments and assurances and to take
and do, in such names and on such behalves or otherwise, all such other actions
and things as may be necessary or desirable to vest, perfect or confirm of
record or otherwise any and all right, title and interest in, to and under such
rights, properties or assets in the Surviving Corporation or otherwise to carry
out the purposes of this Agreement.
ARTICLE II
EFFECT OF THE MERGER ON THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE
CONSTITUENT CORPORATIONS; EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES
SECTION 2.01 CAPITAL STOCK OF MERGER SUB. As of the Effective Time, by
virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder of any
shares of Company Common Stock, Parent Common Stock or capital stock of Merger
Sub, each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Merger Sub issued
and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time shall remain outstanding
as one share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Surviving
Corporation.
I-2
<PAGE>
SECTION 2.02 CANCELLATION OF TREASURY STOCK AND PARENT OWNED STOCK. As of
the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part
of the holder of any shares of Company Common Stock or any shares of capital
stock of Merger Sub, each share of Company Common Stock issued and held
immediately prior to the Effective Time in the Company's treasury and each share
of Company Common Stock that is owned by Parent, Merger Sub or any other
subsidiary of Parent ("CANCELED SHARES") shall automatically be canceled and
retired and shall cease to exist, and no consideration shall be delivered in
exchange therefor; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that shares of the Company's Common Stock
held under the Company's Deferred Compensation Incentive Plan shall not be
canceled under this Section 2.02.
SECTION 2.03 CONVERSION OF COMPANY COMMON STOCK. (a) As of the Effective
Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the holder
of any shares of Company Common Stock or any shares of capital stock of Merger
Sub, each share of Company Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior
to the Effective Time (other than Canceled Shares and provided that shares of
the Company's Common Stock held under the Company's Deferred Compensation
Incentive Plan shall be deemed issued and outstanding for purposes of this
Section 2.03) shall be converted into, at the election of the holder thereof,
one of the following (or a combination of shares of Parent Common Stock and cash
determined in accordance with Sections 2.03(b), (d), (e), (f) and (g)) (the
"MERGER CONSIDERATION"):
either--
(i) the right to receive 1.39 fully paid and non-assessable shares of
Parent Common Stock (sometimes referred to hereinafter, as the context
requires, as the "EXCHANGE RATIO" or the "STOCK CONSIDERATION"); PROVIDED,
HOWEVER, that,
(A) if the "Closing Price" (as defined in
Section 2.03(a)(iii) below) of Parent Common Stock is less than $5.65 per
share, then each outstanding share of Company Common Stock, at the
election and in the sole discretion of Parent, may be converted into that
number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the product of
(I) $5.65 divided by the Closing Price of the Parent Common Stock
multiplied by (II) the Exchange Ratio (the "TOPPING UP ELECTION");
PROVIDED, FURTHER, that, in the event that the Parent does not exercise
its right to make the Topping Up Election as provided in the preceding
clause and notify the Company of its election to do so in writing at
least two trading days before the Closing Date, then the Company, in its
sole discretion, may elect to terminate this Agreement, and if this
Agreement is not so terminated, holders of the shares of the Company
Common Stock will receive the Stock Consideration without any further
adjustments to the Exchange Ratio with the Cash Consideration adjusted in
order to qualify the transaction as a tax free reorganization under
Section 368(a) of the Code; and
(B) if the Closing Price of Parent Common Stock is greater than $8.47
per share, then Parent, in its sole discretion, may elect to terminate
this Agreement;
OR--
(ii) the right to receive in cash from Parent, without interest, an
amount equal to $10.08 (the "CASH CONSIDERATION").
(iii) the term "CLOSING PRICE" shall mean the average of the closing
trade prices of Parent Common Stock for the twenty consecutive trading days
ending on the third trading day before the Closing Date and reported on the
American Stock Exchange (the "AMEX").
As of the Effective Time, all such shares of Company Common Stock shall no
longer be outstanding and shall automatically be canceled and retired and shall
cease to exist, and each holder of a certificate representing any such shares of
Company Common Stock shall cease to have any rights with respect
I-3
<PAGE>
thereto, except the right to receive, upon surrender of such certificate in
accordance with Section 2.04, the Merger Consideration.
(b) ELECTIONS. Subject to the election and allocation procedures set forth
in this Section 2.03, each holder of record (or beneficial owner through
appropriate and customary documentation and instructions) of shares of Company
Common Stock as of the record date for the Company Shareholders' Meeting (as
defined in Section 6.01) (other than holders of Canceled Shares) (the "HOLDERS")
will be entitled, with respect to each share of Company Common Stock held by
such Holder, to (i) elect to receive the Stock Consideration (a "STOCK
ELECTION"), (ii) elect to receive the Cash Consideration (a "CASH ELECTION"),
(iii) elect to receive a combination of Stock Consideration and Cash
Consideration (a "COMBINATION ELECTION") based upon the percentage allocation
designated by such Holder, in which case such percentage allocation shall be
allocated pro rata among the shares held by such Holder with an allocated
portion of whole shares deemed covered by a "Stock Election" and an allocated
portion of whole shares deemed covered by a "Cash Election," or (iv) indicate
that such Holder has no preference as to the receipt of the Stock Consideration
or the Cash Consideration (a "NON-ELECTION" and any Stock Election, Cash
Election, Combination Election or Non-Election shall be referred to herein as an
"ELECTION"). Any Holder not making an Election shall be deemed to have made a
Non-Election. Non-Elections, as a group and not individually, shall, in the sole
discretion of Parent, be deemed to be (and shall be deemed to be covered by)
(i) a Stock Election, (ii) a Cash Election or (iii) a Combination Election based
upon the percentage allocation determined by Parent in its sole discretion.
(c) ELECTION NUMBERS. The number of shares of Company Common Stock to be
converted into the right to receive the Cash Consideration in the Merger shall
be no greater than 49.9% of the number of shares of Company Common Stock issued
and outstanding or held in the Company's treasury immediately prior to the
Effective Time less the number of Canceled Shares (the "CASH ELECTION NUMBER")
and the aggregate number of shares of Parent Common Stock into which shares of
Company Common Stock may be converted in the Merger shall be no greater than
that number of shares of Parent Common Stock that, when multiplied by the
Closing Price, would represent 60% of the aggregate dollar value of the Merger
Consideration (calculated on the basis of a value equal to the Closing Price for
each share of Parent Common Stock included in the Merger Consideration) (the
"Maximum Parent Shares").
(d) CASH ELECTION ADJUSTMENTS. If the aggregate number of shares of
Company Common Stock covered by Cash Elections (the "CASH ELECTION SHARES")
exceeds the Cash Election Number, (i) all shares of Company Common Stock covered
by Stock Elections (the "STOCK ELECTION SHARES") shall be converted into the
right to receive the Stock Consideration, and (ii) to the extent necessary so
that Cash Election Shares shall be no greater than the Cash Election Number, all
Cash Election Shares shall be converted into the right to receive Parent Common
Stock and cash in the following manner:
each Cash Election Share shall be converted into the right to
receive (A) an amount in cash, without interest, equal to the
product of (1) the Cash Consideration and (2) a fraction (the
"CASH FRACTION"), the numerator of which shall be the Cash
Election Number and the denominator of which shall be the total
number of Cash Election Shares, and (B) a number of shares of
Parent Common Stock equal to the product of (1) the Stock
Consideration and (2) a fraction equal to one minus the Cash
Fraction.
(e) STOCK ELECTION ADJUSTMENTS. If the aggregate number of shares of
Company Common Stock covered by Stock Elections exceeds the Maximum Parent
Shares, then (i) each share of Company Common Stock with respect to which a Cash
Election shall have been made shall be converted into the
I-4
<PAGE>
right to receive the Cash Election; and (ii) each share of Company Common Stock
with respect to which a Stock Election shall have been made shall be converted
into the right to receive:
(A) the number of shares of Parent Common Stock equal to the
product of (1) the Stock Election Shares and (2) a fraction (the
"STOCK FRACTION"), the numerator of which shall be the Maximum
Parent Shares and the denominator of which shall be the aggregate
number of shares of Parent Common Stock that would be issuable
pursuant to a Stock Election but for the limitation on such number
set forth in Section 2.03(c) above; and (B) the amount of cash,
without interest, equal to the product of (1) the Cash
Consideration and (2) a fraction equal to one minus the Stock
Fraction.
(f) NON-ELECTION ADJUSTMENTS. In the event that Section 2.03(d) or
Section 2.03(e) above is not applicable, all Cash Election Shares shall be
converted into the right to receive the Cash Consideration and all Stock
Election Shares shall be converted into the right to receive the Stock
Consideration.
(g) ADJUSTMENTS RELATING TO TAX OPINIONS. If either (i) the tax opinion of
Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP referred to in Section 7.03(c) cannot be rendered
(as reasonably determined by Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP and concurred in by
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett or (ii) the tax opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett
referred to Section 7.02(c) cannot be rendered (as reasonably determined by
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett and concurred in by Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP),
in either case as a result of the Merger potentially failing to satisfy
continuity of interest requirements under applicable federal income tax
principles relating to reorganizations under Section 368(a) of the Code, then
Parent and the Company agree that the Cash Election Number shall be decreased to
the minimum extent necessary to enable the relevant tax opinion or opinions, as
the case may be, to be rendered.
(h) EXERCISE OF ELECTION. All Cash Elections, Stock Elections, Combination
Elections and Non-Elections shall be made on a form designed for that purpose
and mutually acceptable to the Company and Parent (a "FORM OF ELECTION") and
mailed to holders of record of shares of Company Common Stock as of the record
date for the Company Shareholders' Meeting (as defined in Section 6.01) or such
other date as Parent and the Company shall mutually agree (the "ELECTION FORM
RECORD DATE"). A form of Election shall be included with or mailed
contemporaneously with each copy of the Proxy Statement mailed to shareholders
of the Company in connection with the Company Shareholders' Meeting. Parent and
the Company shall make available one or more Forms of Election as may be
reasonably requested by all persons who become holders (or beneficial owners) of
Company Common Stock between the Election Form Record Date and the close of
business on the day prior to the Election Deadline (as defined in
Section 2.03(i)). Elections shall be made by holders of Company Common Stock by
delivering to the Exchange Agent (as defined in Section 2.04(a)) a Form of
Election. To be effective, a Form of Election must be properly completed, signed
and submitted to the Exchange Agent and accompanied by the Certificates (as
defined in Section 2.04(b)) representing the shares of Company Common Stock as
to which the election is being made (or an appropriate guarantee of delivery by
an appropriate trust company in the United States or a member of a registered
national securities exchange or the National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc.). Parent will have the discretion, which it may delegate in whole
or in part to the Exchange Agent, to reasonably determine whether Forms of
Election have been properly completed, signed and submitted or revoked and to
disregard immaterial defects in Forms of Election. The decision of Parent (or
the Exchange Agent) in such matters shall be conclusive and binding. Neither the
Exchange Agent nor Parent will be under any obligation to notify any person of
any defect in a Form of Election submitted to the Exchange Agent. The Exchange
Agent shall also make all computations contemplated by this Section 2.03 and all
such computations shall be conclusive and binding on the holders of Company
Common Stock.
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<PAGE>
(i) ELECTION DEADLINE. A Form of Election must be received by the Exchange
Agent by 5:00 p.m. eastern time on the last Business Day prior to the Closing
Date (the "ELECTION DEADLINE") (which date shall be publicly announced by Parent
as soon as practicable but in no event less than five trading days prior to the
Closing Date) in order to be effective. Any holder of Company Common Stock who
has made an election by submitting a Form of Election to the Exchange Agent may
at any time prior to the Election Deadline change such holder's election by
submitting a revised Form of Election, properly completed and signed that is
received by the Exchange Agent prior to the Election Deadline. Any holder of
Company Common Stock may at any time prior to the Election Deadline revoke his
election and withdraw his Certificates deposited with the Exchange Agent by
written notice to the Exchange Agent received by 5:00 p.m. eastern time on the
day prior to the Election Deadline. As soon as practicable after the Election
Deadline, the Exchange Agent shall determine the allocation of the cash portion
of the Merger Consideration and the stock portion of the Merger Consideration
and shall notify Parent of its determination.
(j) DEEMED NON-ELECTION. For the purposes hereof, a holder of shares of
Company Common Stock who does not submit a Form of Election which is received by
the Exchange Agent prior to the Election Deadline (including a holder who
submits and then revokes his or her Form of Election and does not resubmit a
Form of Election which is timely received by the Exchange Agent) shall be deemed
to have made a Non-Election. If Parent or the Exchange Agent shall determine
that any purported Cash Election, or Stock Election was not properly made or is
defective in any manner such that the Exchange Agent cannot reasonably determine
the election preference of the shareholder submitting such Form of Election,
such purported Cash Election, Stock Election or Combination Election set forth
therein shall be deemed to be of no force and effect and the shareholder making
such purported Cash Election, Stock Election or Combination Election shall, for
purposes hereof, be deemed to have made a Non-Election.
SECTION 2.04 EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES. (a) EXCHANGE AGENT. From and after
the Effective Time, as required by the Exchange Agent Parent shall (i) deposit
with a bank or trust company designated by Parent and reasonably satisfactory to
the Company (the "EXCHANGE AGENT"), for the benefit of the holders of shares of
Company Common Stock (other than Canceled Shares), for exchange in accordance
with this Article II through the Exchange Agent, certificates evidencing such
number of shares of Parent Common Stock issuable to holders of Company Common
Stock in the Merger pursuant to Section 2.03 and (ii) make available to the
Exchange Agent cash in the amount required to be exchanged for shares of Company
Common Stock in the Merger pursuant to Section 2.03 (such certificates for
shares of Parent Common Stock, together with any dividends or distributions with
respect thereto, and cash, being hereinafter referred to as the "EXCHANGE
FUND"). The Exchange Agent shall, pursuant to irrevocable instructions, deliver
the cash and the Parent Common Stock contemplated to be issued pursuant to
Section 2.03 out of the Exchange Fund. Except as contemplated by
Section 2.04(g) hereof, the Exchange Fund shall not be used for any other
purpose.
(b) EXCHANGE PROCEDURES. As promptly as reasonably practicable after the
Effective Time, Parent shall cause the Exchange Agent to mail to each holder of
record of a certificate or certificates (to the extent such certificates have
not already been submitted to the Exchange Agent with Forms of Election) which
immediately prior to the Effective Time represented outstanding shares (other
than Canceled Shares) of Company Common Stock (the "CERTIFICATES") (i) a letter
of transmittal (which shall be in customary form and shall specify that delivery
shall be effected, and risk of loss and title to the Certificates shall pass,
only upon proper delivery of the Certificates to the Exchange Agent and shall be
in such form and have such other provisions as Parent and the Exchange Agent
shall reasonably specify) and (ii) instructions for use in effecting the
surrender of the Certificates in exchange for certificates evidencing shares of
Parent Common Stock or cash.
(c) EXCHANGE OF CERTIFICATES. Upon surrender to the Exchange Agent of a
Certificate for cancellation, together with such letter of transmittal, duly
executed and completed in accordance with
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the instructions thereto, and such other documents as may be reasonably required
by the Exchange Agent pursuant to such instructions, the holder of such
Certificate shall be entitled to receive in exchange therefor (i) a certificate
representing that number of whole shares of Parent Common Stock, if any, which
such holder has the right to receive pursuant to this Article II and (ii) a
check in the amount (after giving effect to any required tax withholding) equal
to the cash, if any, which such holder has the right to receive pursuant to the
provisions of this Article II (including any cash in lieu of any fractional
shares of Parent Common Stock to which such holder is entitled pursuant to
Section 2.04(f) and any dividend or other distributions (other than stock
dividends) to which such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 2.04(d)), in
each case without interest, and the Certificate so surrendered shall immediately
be canceled. In the event of a transfer of ownership of shares of Company Common
Stock which is not registered in the transfer records of the Company, the
applicable Merger Consideration, cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Parent
Common Stock to which such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 2.04(f) and
any dividend, or other distributions (other than stock dividends) to which such
holder is entitled pursuant to Section 2.04(d) may be issued to a transferee if
the Certificate representing such shares of Company Common Stock is presented to
the Exchange Agent, accompanied by all documents required to evidence and effect
such transfer and by evidence that any applicable stock transfer taxes have been
paid. Until surrendered as contemplated by this Section 2.04, each Certificate
shall be deemed at all times after the Effective Time for all purposes to
represent only the right to receive upon such surrender the applicable Merger
Consideration with respect to the shares of Company Common Stock formerly
represented thereby, cash in lieu of any fractional shares of Parent Common
Stock to which such holder is entitled pursuant to Section 2.04(f) and any
dividends or other distributions to which such holder is entitled pursuant to
Section 2.04(d).
(d) DISTRIBUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO UNEXCHANGED SHARES OF PARENT COMMON
STOCK. No dividends or other distributions declared or made after the Effective
Time with respect to Parent Common Stock with a record date after the Effective
Time shall be paid to the holder of any unsurrendered Certificate with respect
to the shares of Parent Common Stock represented thereby, and no cash payment in
lieu of any fractional shares shall be paid to any such holder pursuant to
Section 2.04(f), until the holder of such Certificate shall surrender such
Certificate. Subject to the effect of escheat, tax or other applicable laws,
following surrender of any such Certificate, there shall be paid to the holder
of the certificates representing whole shares of Parent Common Stock issued in
exchange therefor, without interest, (i) promptly, the amount of any cash
payable with respect to a fractional share of Parent Common Stock to which such
holder is entitled pursuant to Section 2.04(f) and the amount of dividends or
other distributions with a record date after the Effective Time and theretofore
paid with respect to such whole shares of Parent Common Stock, and (ii) at the
appropriate payment date, the amount of dividends or other distributions (other
than stock dividends), with a record date after the Effective Time but prior to
surrender and a payment date occurring after surrender, payable with respect to
such whole shares of Parent Common Stock.
(e) NO FURTHER RIGHTS IN COMPANY COMMON STOCK. All shares of Parent Common
Stock issued or cash paid upon conversion of the shares of Company Common Stock
in accordance with the terms hereof (including any cash paid pursuant to
Section 2.04(d) or (f)) shall be deemed to have been issued in full satisfaction
of all rights pertaining to such shares of Company Common Stock and, following
the Effective Time, there shall be no further registration of transfers on the
stock transfer books of the Surviving Corporation of the shares of Company
Common Stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time. If,
after the Effective Time, Certificates are presented to the Surviving
Corporation for any reason, they shall be canceled and exchanged as provided in
this Section 2.04. From and after the Effective Time, holders of Certificates
shall cease to have any rights as shareholders of the Company, except as
provided by law.
(f) NO FRACTIONAL SHARES. No certificates or scrip representing fractional
shares of Parent Common Stock shall be issued in the Merger and such fractional
share interests will not entitle the
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owner thereof to vote or to any other rights of a shareholder of Parent. In lieu
of any such fractional securities, each holder of shares of Company Common Stock
who would otherwise have been entitled to a fraction of a share of Parent Common
Stock upon surrender of Certificates for exchange pursuant to this Agreement
shall be paid an amount in cash (without interest) equal to the product obtained
by multiplying (i) such fractional share interest to which such holder (after
taking into account all fractional share interests then held by such holder)
would otherwise be entitled by (ii) the Cash Consideration. As promptly as
practicable after the determination of the amount of cash, if any, to be paid to
holders of fractional share interests, the Exchange Agent shall so notify
Parent, and Parent shall deposit such amount with the Exchange Agent and shall
cause the Exchange Agent to forward payments to such holders of fractional share
interests subject to and in accordance with the terms of Sections 2.04(b),
(c) and (d).
(g) TERMINATION OF EXCHANGE FUND. To the extent permitted by applicable
law, any portion of the Exchange Fund (including any shares of Parent Common
Stock) which remains undistributed to the holders of shares of Company Common
Stock six months after the Effective Time shall be delivered to Parent, upon
demand, and any holders of shares of Company Common Stock who have not
theretofore complied with this Article II shall thereafter look only to Parent
for the applicable Merger Consideration, any cash in lieu of fractional shares
of Parent Common Stock to which they are entitled pursuant to Section 2.04(f)
and any dividends or other distribution (other than stock dividends) with
respect to the Parent Common Stock to which they are entitled pursuant to
Section 2.04(d). Any portion of the Exchange Fund remaining unclaimed by holders
of shares of Company Common Stock five years after the Effective Time (or such
earlier date, as is immediately prior to such time as such amounts would
otherwise escheat to or become property of any government entity) shall, to the
extent permitted by applicable law, become the property of Parent free and clear
of any claims or interest of any person previously entitled thereto.
(h) NO LIABILITY. Notwithstanding Section 2.04(g), none of the Exchange
Agent, Parent nor the Surviving Corporation shall be liable to any holder of
shares of Company Common Stock for any such shares of Parent Common Stock (or
dividends or distributions with respect thereto), or cash delivered to a public
official pursuant to any abandoned property, escheat or similar law.
(i) WITHHOLDING RIGHTS. The Exchange Agent shall be entitled to deduct and
withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement to
any holder of shares of Company Common Stock such amounts as it is required to
deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code,
or any provision of state, local or foreign tax law. To the extent that amounts
are so withheld by the Surviving Corporation or Parent, as the case may be, such
withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having
been paid to the holder of the shares of Company Common Stock in respect of
which such deduction and withholding was made by the Surviving Corporation or
Parent, as the case may be.
(j) LOST CERTIFICATES. If any Certificate shall have been lost, stolen or
destroyed upon the delivery to the Exchange Agent of an affidavit of that fact
by the person claiming such Certificate to be lost, stolen or destroyed and, if
required by the Surviving Corporation, the posting by such person of a bond, in
such reasonable amount as the Surviving Corporation may direct, as indemnity
against any claim that may be made against it with respect to such Certificate,
the Exchange Agent will issue in exchange for such lost, stolen or destroyed
Certificate the applicable Merger Consideration, any cash in lieu of fractional
shares of Parent Common Stock to which the holders thereof are entitled pursuant
to Section 2.04(f) and any dividends or other distributions (other than stock
dividends) to which the holders thereof are entitled pursuant to this Agreement.
SECTION 2.05 RULE 145 AFFILIATES. Certificates surrendered for exchange by
any Person constituting a Rule 145 Affiliate of the Company shall not be
exchanged for the Merger Consideration until Parent has received a written
agreement from such Person as provided in Section 6.12(a).
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SECTION 2.06 STOCK OPTIONS AND OTHER STOCK PLANS. (a) At the Effective
Time, all issued and outstanding stock options issued by the Company under the
Employee Stock Option Plan or otherwise held by an employee of the Company shall
be converted into options to purchase such number of shares of Parent Common
Stock as are equal to the respective numbers of shares of Company Common Stock
issuable thereon multiplied by the Exchange Ratio, at an option price determined
by dividing the respective option prices at which shares of Company Common Stock
may be purchased upon exercise thereof by the Exchange Ratio, and upon such
other terms and conditions as are contained in such options. Parent agrees to
register the shares of Parent Common Stock issuable upon exercise of such
options under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), as
promptly as practicable after the Closing Date. As promptly as reasonably
practicable after the Closing Date, Parent shall issue to each holder of such
outstanding options a document evidencing the foregoing assumption by Parent.
(b) At the Effective Time, each stock option issued by the Company to a
non-employee member of the Board of Directors of the Company or any other person
who received an option as a consultant to the Company which is outstanding at
the Effective Time (i) shall be deemed to be fully vested and will become the
right to receive a sum in cash equal to (A) the amount, if any, by which the per
share exercise price of the option is less than the Cash Consideration times
(B) the number of shares of Company Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the
option in full (irrespective of vesting provisions) and (ii) will be canceled.
In order to receive the amount to which a holder of an option is entitled under
this Section, the holder must deliver to the Surviving Corporation (I) any
certificate or option agreement relating to the option and (II) a document in
which the holder acknowledges that the payment the holder is receiving is in
full satisfaction of any rights the holder may have under or with regard to the
option. Parent or the Surviving Corporation will pay the amount due under this
Section to a holder of an option promptly after the Surviving Corporation
receives from the holder the items described in clauses (I) and (II) of the
preceding sentence.
(c) In the event any option issued by the Company has been lost, stolen or
destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming
such option to be lost, stolen or destroyed, Parent will, in exchange for such
lost, stolen or destroyed option, pay or cause to be paid the cash consideration
described in Section 2.06(b) or issue or cause to be issued substitute options
of the Parent as described in Section 2.06(a). The Company shall take all
actions necessary to cause the events described in Sections 2.06(a) and 2.06(b)
to occur.
SECTION 2.07 TAX CONSEQUENCES. It is intended that the Merger shall
constitute a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code,
and that this Agreement shall constitute a "plan of reorganization" for purposes
of the Code. In the event that the requirements of such section would not be
satisfied as a result of the Merger, the Parent and the Company will take the
actions required pursuant to Section 2.03(g).
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
Except as disclosed in a separate disclosure schedule which has been
delivered by the Company to the Parent prior to the date of this Agreement (the
"COMPANY DISCLOSURE SCHEDULE") (each section of which qualifies the
correspondingly numbered representation and warranty or covenant to the extent
specified therein and such other representations and warranties or covenants to
the extent a matter in such section is disclosed in such a way as to make its
relevance to the information called for by such other representation and
warranty or covenant readily apparent), the Company hereby represents and
warrants to Parent and Merger Sub as follows:
SECTION 3.01 ORGANIZATION. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries is a
corporation, limited liability company or limited partnership duly organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the
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laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization and has all
requisite corporate, company or partnership power and authority and all
necessary government approvals to own, lease and operate its properties and to
carry on its business as now being conducted, except where the failure to be so
organized, existing and in good standing or to have such power, authority and
governmental approvals would not be reasonably expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect on the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. The Company
and each of its subsidiaries is duly qualified or licensed to do business and in
good standing in each jurisdiction in which the property owned, leased or
operated by it or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such
qualification or licensing necessary, except where the failure to be so duly
qualified or licensed and in good standing have not had and would not have a
Material Adverse Effect. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company
of this Agreement has been duly authorized by the Company and the board of
directors of the Company has recommended approval and adoption of this Agreement
and the Merger by the Company's shareholders. This Agreement is a valid and
binding agreement of the Company enforceable against it in accordance with its
terms, except as the same may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting generally the enforcement
of creditors' rights and remedies and general principles of equity, including
any limitations on the availability of the remedy of specific performance or
injunctive relief regardless of whether specific performance or injunctive
relief is sought in a proceeding at law or in equity. The Company has made
available to Parent complete and correct copies of its Restated Articles of
Incorporation, as amended and supplemented, and By-Laws and the articles of
incorporation and by-laws or other comparable charter or organizational
documents of its subsidiaries, in each case as amended to the date of this
Agreement. The list of subsidiaries of the Company set forth in Schedule 3.01 of
the Company Disclosure Schedule is a true and accurate list of the subsidiaries
of the Company. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.01 of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, all the outstanding shares of capital stock of or equity interest in
each subsidiary of the Company are owned by the Company or by another wholly
owned subsidiary of the Company, free and clear of all liens, and are duly
authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
SECTION 3.02 CAPITALIZATION. As of the date of this Agreement, the
authorized capital stock of the Company consists of (i) 15,000,000 shares of
Company voting common stock, par value $0.01 per share (previously referred to
as the Company Common Stock) and (ii) 1,100,000 shares of Company non-voting
common stock, $0.01 par value per share ("NON-VOTING COMMON STOCK") and
(iii) 150,000 shares of Company preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, (the
"PREFERRED STOCK"). As of the date of this Agreement, (i) 7,788,961 shares of
Company Common Stock were issued and outstanding and (ii) no shares of Company
Non-Voting Common Stock or the Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding. All
the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock are duly authorized, validly
issued, fully paid and nonassessable and each class of capital stock of the
Company is free of any preemptive rights in respect thereof. Except as set forth
in Schedule 3.02 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, as of the date hereof, no
bonds, debentures, notes or other indebtedness of the Company convertible into
voting securities of the Company are issued or outstanding and, except as set
forth above, (i) no shares of capital stock or other voting securities of the
Company are outstanding, (ii) no equity equivalents, interests in the ownership
or earnings of the Company or other similar rights are outstanding and
(iii) except as set forth in Schedule 3.02 of the Company Disclosure Schedule,
there are no existing options, warrants, calls, subscriptions or other rights or
agreements or commitments relating to the capital stock of the Company or any of
its subsidiaries or obligating the Company or any of its subsidiaries to issue,
transfer or sell any shares of capital stock, or other equity interest, in the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or obligating the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to grant, extend or enter into any such option, warrant, call,
subscription or other right, agreement or commitment. As of the date of this
Agreement, there are no outstanding contractual obligations of the Company or
any of its subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of
capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except as may be
necessary to fund the Company's Deferred Compensation Incentive Plan and the
Company's 401(k) Plan.
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SECTION 3.03 AUTHORITY. The Company has the requisite corporate power and
authority to execute, perform and deliver this Agreement and, subject, in the
case of the consummation of the Merger, to the requisite approval of this
Agreement by the holders of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock, to
consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution, performance and
delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the consummation by the Company of
the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate action on the part of the Company, subject, in the case of the
consummation of the Merger, to the requisite approval of this Agreement by the
holders of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock and no other corporate
proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to authorize the execution
and delivery of this Agreement, or to consummate the Merger and the other
transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and
delivered by the Company and, assuming this Agreement constitutes the valid and
binding obligation of Parent and Merger Sub, constitutes the valid and binding
obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with
its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent
conveyance, moratorium and similar laws, now or hereafter in effect, affecting
creditors' rights and remedies and to general principles of equity.
SECTION 3.04 NONCONTRAVENTION; FILINGS AND CONSENTS. (a) The execution,
performance and delivery of this Agreement by the Company do not, and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and compliance
with the provisions of this Agreement will not, conflict with, or result in any
violation of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both)
under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, or acceleration of
any obligation or to loss of a material benefit under, or result in the creation
of any lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries under (i) any provision of the Restated Articles of Incorporation,
as amended and supplemented, or By-Laws of the Company or the comparable charter
or organizational documents of any of its subsidiaries, (ii) any loan or credit
agreement, note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease or other agreement,
instrument, permit, concession, franchise or license applicable to the Company
or any of its subsidiaries or their respective properties or assets or
(iii) subject to the governmental filings and other matters referred to in
paragraph (b) below, any judgment, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule
or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or their
respective properties or assets, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and
(iii), any such conflicts, violations, defaults, rights or liens that
individually or in the aggregate would not (x) impair in any material respect
the ability of the Company to perform its obligations under this Agreement or
(y) prevent, materially delay or impede, in any material respect, the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(b) No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration,
declaration or filing with any federal, national, state, municipal, local or
foreign government, any instrumentality, subdivision, court, administrative
agency or commission or other authority thereof, or any quasi-governmental or
private body exercising any regulatory, taxing, importing or other governmental
or quasi-governmental authority (a "GOVERNMENTAL ENTITY") or any other
individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association,
trust, unincorporated organization, other entity (as defined in the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("EXCHANGE ACT")) ("PERSON"), is required by or
with respect to the Company or any of its subsidiaries in connection with the
execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company or the consummation by
the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for
(i) the filing of a premerger notification and report form by the Company under
the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the "HSR
ACT"), if applicable, (ii) the filing with the SEC of (x) the Proxy Statement
(as defined in Section 6.02), (y) such reports under Section 13(a) of the
Exchange Act, and (z) compliance with any applicable requirements of the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and any other applicable securities laws,
whether state or foreign, as may be required in connection with this Agreement
and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (iii) the filing of the
Articles of Merger with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation for the
State of Maryland and the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of
the
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State of Delaware and appropriate documents with the relevant authorities of
other states in which the Company is qualified to do business, (iv) such as may
be required by any applicable state securities or "blue sky" laws and (v) such
other consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations
and filings (including filings and recordings among land records in the
jurisdictions in which real property is held by the Company or its subsidiaries)
the failure of which to be obtained or made would not, individually or in the
aggregate, (x) impair in any material respect the ability of the Company to
perform its obligations under this Agreement or (y) prevent, delay or impede, in
any material respect, the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement.
SECTION 3.05 COMPANY SEC DOCUMENTS; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. As of their
respective filing dates, (i) each of the Company's filings with the United
States Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on Form 10-K dated
October 25, 1999 for the year ended July 31, 1999 (including any Exhibits
thereto) and the Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended October 31, 1999,
January 31, 2000 and April 30, 2000 (including any Exhibits thereto) or the
proxy statement dated October 15, 1999, in each case in the form filed by the
Company with the SEC (the "COMPANY SEC DOCUMENTS") complied, and all similar
documents filed from the date of this Agreement to the Closing Date will comply,
in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act or the
Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations of the SEC
promulgated thereunder applicable to such Company SEC Documents and (ii) none of
the Company SEC Documents contained, nor will any similar document filed after
the date of this Agreement contain, any untrue statement of a material fact or
omitted, or will omit, to state a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. Each of the financial statements of
the Company (including the related notes) included or incorporated by reference
in the Company SEC Documents (including any similar documents filed after the
date of this Agreement) comply as to form in all material respects with
applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of
the SEC with respect thereto, have been prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles (except, in the case of unaudited statements, as
permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC) applied on a consistent basis during the
periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto) and fairly
present the consolidated financial position of the Company and its consolidated
subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of their
operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject to normal year-end
adjustments in the case of any unaudited interim financial statements). Except
for liabilities and obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice, since the date of the most recent consolidated
balance sheet included in the Company SEC Documents, neither the Company nor any
of its subsidiaries has any liabilities or obligations of any nature (whether
accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) required by generally accepted
accounting principles to be set forth on a consolidated balance sheet of the
Company and its consolidated subsidiaries or in the notes thereto.
SECTION 3.06 INFORMATION SUPPLIED. None of the information supplied or to
be supplied by the Company or any of its subsidiaries expressly for inclusion or
incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement and the Proxy Statement
will, (i) at the time the Registration Statement is filed with the SEC or at any
time it is amended or supplemented, (ii) on the date the Proxy Statement is
first mailed to the shareholders of the Company, (iii) at the time the
Registration Statement becomes effective and (iv) at the time of the Company
Shareholders' Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
are made, not misleading. The Proxy Statement will comply as to form in all
material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange
Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
SECTION 3.07 ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES OR EVENTS. Except as disclosed in
the Company SEC Documents or as contemplated by this Agreement, since July 31,
1999 the Company and its subsidiaries
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have conducted their respective businesses only in the ordinary course, and
there has not been (i) any Material Adverse Effect, (ii) any declaration,
setting aside or payment of any dividend or other distribution with respect to,
or repurchase or redemption of, the Company's capital stock other than
repurchases of Company Common Stock by the Company pursuant to the Company's
stock repurchase program or to fund the Company's Deferred Compensation
Incentive Plan or the Company's 401(k) Plan, (iii) any split, combination or
reclassification of any of the Company's capital stock or any issuance or the
authorization of any issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of
or in substitution for shares of its capital stock, (iv) any change in
accounting methods, principles or practices by the Company materially affecting
its assets, liabilities or business, except insofar as may have been required by
a change in generally accepted accounting principles (v) any salary or
compensation increases to any employee of the Company or of any of the Company's
subsidiaries except in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practices, (vi) any increase in indebtedness for borrowed money incurred by the
Company, or any of its subsidiaries, nor any incurrence of any other obligation
or liability (fixed or contingent) except in the ordinary course of business and
consistent with past practices, (vii) any transaction with respect to a merger,
consolidation, liquidation or reorganization of the Company or any subsidiary of
the Company other than such proceedings relating to this Agreement, or
(viii) any agreement by the Company or any subsidiary of the Company to take any
of the actions described in the foregoing.
SECTION 3.08 LITIGATION. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.08 of the
Company Disclosure Schedule or disclosed in the Company SEC Documents, there are
no suits, actions or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries that would reasonably
be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse
Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or any officers,
directors or shareholders of the Company or of any subsidiary of the Company is
subject to any outstanding order, writ, injunction or decree that would
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 3.09 ABSENCE OF CHANGES IN BENEFIT PLANS. Except as set forth in
Schedule 3.09 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, there exist no employment,
consulting, severance, termination or indemnification agreements, arrangements
or understandings between the Company or any of its subsidiaries and any current
or former employee, officer or director of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, and there is no oral or written understanding or arrangement to
enter into any such agreement with any such individual.
SECTION 3.10 EMPLOYEES, OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS. The Company has delivered
a list, accurate in all respects, of the names and positions of each of the
officers, directors and substantially all of the employees (in the case of
employees earning at least $25,000 per year) of the Company and each subsidiary
of the Company, and the annual wage, salary and bonus information for such
employees as of the date of such list.
SECTION 3.11 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS, ERISA. (a) Schedule 3.10 of the Company
Disclosure Schedule contains a list of all "employee pension benefit plans" (as
defined in Section 3(2) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974,
as amended ("ERISA")) (sometimes referred to herein as "COMPANY PENSION PLANS"),
"employee welfare benefit plans" (as defined in Section 3(l) of ERISA)
(sometimes referred to herein as "WELFARE PLANS"), and each other plan,
arrangement or policy (written or oral) relating to employment, stock options,
stock-based awards, stock purchases, compensation, deferred compensation,
bonuses, severance, vacation, fringe benefits or other employee benefits, in
each case maintained, or contributed to, by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries or any other person or entity that, together with the Company is
treated as a single employer under Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Code
(each, together with the Company, a "COMMONLY CONTROLLED ENTITY"), for the
benefit of any current or former employees, officers, agents, consultants or
directors of the Company or any of its subsidiaries (all of the foregoing being
herein called "COMPANY BENEFIT PLANS"). The Company has made available to Parent
true and complete copies of (v) each Company
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Benefit Plan (or, in the case of any unwritten Company Benefit Plans,
descriptions thereof), (w) the most recent annual report on Form 5500 filed with
the Internal Revenue Service with respect to each Company Benefit Plan (if any
such report was required), (x) the most recent summary plan description (or
similar document) for each Company Benefit Plan for which a summary plan
description is required or was otherwise provided to plan participants or
beneficiaries, (y) each trust agreement, group annuity contract and/or funding
arrangement relating to any Company Benefit Plan and (z) the most recent
determination letter received from the Internal Revenue Service with respect to
each Company Benefit Plan intended to qualify under Section 401 of the Code.
(b) Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.10(b) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, all Company Pension Plans and related trusts that are intended to be
tax-qualified plans have been the subject of determination letters from the
Internal Revenue Service to the effect that such Company Pension Plans and
related trusts are qualified and exempt from federal income taxes under Sections
401(a) and 501(a), respectively, of the Code, and no such determination letter
has been revoked nor, to the knowledge of the Company, has revocation been
threatened; no event has occurred and, to the knowledge of the Company, no
circumstances exist that would adversely affect the tax qualification of such
Company Pension Plan nor has any such Company Pension Plan been amended since
the date of its most recent determination letter or application therefor in any
respect that would adversely affect its qualification or materially increase its
costs or require security under Section 302 of ERISA.
(c) To the knowledge of the Company, each Company Benefit Plan has been
administered in all material respects in accordance with its terms, and in form
and operation is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable
provisions of ERISA, the Code and all other applicable laws. There are no
investigations or audits by any governmental agency, termination or other
proceedings or any claims (except claims for benefits payable in the normal
operation of the Company Benefit Plans), suits or proceedings against or
involving any Company Benefit Plan or the assertion of any rights to or claims
for benefits under any Company Benefit Plan that could give rise to any material
liability, and, to the knowledge of the Company, there are not any facts that
would reasonably be expected to give rise to any material liability in the event
of any such investigation, claim, suit or proceeding (except for claims for
benefits payable in the normal operation of the Company Benefits Plans).
(d) Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.10(d) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, no Commonly Controlled Entity is required to contribute to any "multi
employer plan" as defined in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA or has withdrawn from
any such multi employer plan where such withdrawal has resulted or would result
in any material "withdrawal liability" (within the meaning of Section 4201 of
ERISA) that has not been fully paid. To the knowledge of the Company, none of
the Company, any of its subsidiaries, any officer of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries or any of the Company Benefit Plans which are subject to ERISA,
including the Company Pension Plans, any trusts created thereunder or any
trustee or administrator thereof, has engaged in a "prohibited transaction" (as
such term is defined in Section 406 of ERISA or Sections 4975 or 4976 of the
Code) for which no exemption exists under Section 408 of ERISA or
Section 4975(d) of the Code, or any other breach of fiduciary responsibility
that could subject the Company, any of its subsidiaries or any officer of the
Company or any of its subsidiaries to any material tax or penalty on prohibited
transactions imposed by such Section 4975 or to any material liability under
Sections 409 or 502(i) or (1) of ERISA. Neither any of such Company Benefit
Plans nor any of such trusts has been terminated, nor, except where any
termination or failure to report would not result in a material liability to the
Company or the Parent, has there been any "reportable event" (as that term is
defined in Section 4043 of ERISA) with respect thereto, during the last five
years for which a waiver has not been granted under regulations issued pursuant
to ERISA Section 4043.
(e) Except as set forth in Schedule 3.10(e) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, no employee of the Company or any of its subsidiaries will be entitled
to any severance benefits or any other additional benefits or any acceleration
of the time of payment or vesting of any benefits under any Company
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Benefit Plan as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
either alone or in conjunction with another subsequent event. Except for the
Agreement between Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. and the Company set forth in
Section 3.10 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, neither the payment nor the
vesting of any of the foregoing benefits shall constitute a "parachute payment"
within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code.
(f) No liability under Title IV of ERISA has been incurred by the Company or
any Commonly Controlled Entity that has not been satisfied in full, and to the
knowledge of the Company, no condition exists that presents a material risk to
the Company or any Commonly Controlled Entity of incurring a liability under
such Title, other than liability for premiums due the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation ("PBGC") (which premiums have been paid when due). To the extent
this representation applies to Sections 4064, 4069 or 4204 of Title IV of ERISA,
it is made not only with respect to each Company Pension Plan but also with
respect to any employee benefit plan, program, agreement or arrangement subject
to Title IV of ERISA to which the Company or any Commonly Controlled Entity
made, or was required to make, contributions during the five (5) year period
ending on the Closing Date. No Company Pension Plan or any trust established
thereunder has incurred any "accumulated funding deficiency" (as defined in
Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code), whether or not waived, as of
the last day of the most recent fiscal year of each Company Pension Plan ended
prior to the Closing Date; and all contributions required to be made with
respect thereto (whether pursuant to the terms of any Company Pension Plan or
otherwise) on or prior to the Closing Date have been timely made. With respect
to each Company Benefit Plan subject to Title IV of ERISA, the present value of
accrued benefits under such plan, based upon actuarial assumptions used for
funding purposes in the most recent actuarial report prepared by such plan's
actuary with respect to such plan did not exceed, as of its latest valuation
date, the then current value of the assets of such plan allocable to such
accrued benefits.
(g) Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.10(g) of the Company Disclosure
Schedule, no Company Benefit Plan provides benefits, including death or medical
benefits (whether or not insured), with respect to current or former employees
of the Company or any Commonly Controlled Entity beyond their retirement or
other termination of service (other than (i) coverage mandated by applicable law
or (ii) death benefits or retirement benefits under any "employee pension
benefit plan," as that term is defined in Section 3(2) of ERISA.
SECTION 3.12 LABOR MATTERS. As of the date hereof, neither the Company nor
any of its subsidiaries is a party to or bound by any collective bargaining
agreements or contracts with respect to any employees of the Company or any
subsidiary of the Company.
SECTION 3.13 TAXES. (a) Except as set forth in Schedule 3.12 of the
Company Disclosure Schedule, the Company and each of its subsidiaries has
(i) filed, or caused to be filed, with the appropriate taxing authorities all
Tax Returns required to be filed on or before the date hereof, and such Tax
Returns are true, correct and complete in all material respects and (ii) paid,
or caused to be paid, on a timely basis all Taxes due and payable (whether or
not shown on any Tax Return) without penalty or established adequate reserves in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for the payment of all
such Taxes, except for any such failure to file, incompleteness or inaccuracy,
failure to pay, or inadequacy of such reserve, that is not reasonably likely,
individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect on the
Company. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has withheld and paid all
Taxes required to have been withheld and paid in connection with amounts paid or
owing to any employee, independent contractor, creditor, stockholder, or other
third party, except where such failure to withhold or pay such Taxes would not
be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Except as is not reasonably likely, individually or in the aggregate, to
have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) there are not pending or, to the knowledge
of the Company, threatened in writing, any
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disputes, claims, audits, examinations, investigations or other proceedings in
respect of Taxes or Tax matters and (ii) neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries have waived any statute of limitations in respect of Taxes or
agreed to any extension of time with respect to a Tax assessment or deficiency.
The federal income Tax Returns of the Company and each of its subsidiaries have
been examined and settled with the Internal Revenue Service (or the applicable
statute of limitation for the assessment of federal income Taxes for such
periods have expired) for all years through July 31, 1996. There are no material
liens or encumbrances for Taxes on any of the assets of the Company or any of
its subsidiaries, except for (i) statutory liens for Taxes not yet due or
payable, (ii) liens for Taxes that are being contested in good faith and are set
forth in Section 3.13 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, and (iii) any other
liens for Taxes that are not reasonably likely, individually or in the
aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(c) Except as is not reasonably likely, individually or in the aggregate, to
have a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries
has (i) filed a consent under Section 341(f) of the Code concerning collapsible
corporations; (ii) except for the Agreement between Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr. and
the Company as set forth in Section 3.10 of the Company Disclosure Schedule,
made any material payments, or is a party to any agreement that under certain
circumstances could obligate it to make any material payments, that will not be
deductible under Section 280G of the Code; and (iii) been a United States real
property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897(c)(2) of the Code
during the applicable period specified by Section 897(c)(1)(A)(ii) of the Code.
Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is party to any tax allocation
or sharing agreement. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries (i) has
been a member of an affiliated group filing a consolidated United States federal
income Tax Return (other than a group the common parent of which was the
Company) or (ii) has any liability for the Taxes of any person (other than the
Company and its subsidiaries), including liability arising from the application
of Treasury Regulation Section 1.1502-6 (or any analogous provision of state,
local or foreign law) as a transferee or successor, by contract, or otherwise.
For purposes of this Agreement, "TAXES" means (A) all federal, state, local
and foreign taxes, levies and other assessments, including, without limitation,
all income, sales, use, transfer, profits, capital gains, withholding, payroll,
real property and personal property and any other taxes, assessments and similar
charges in the nature of a tax (including interest and penalties attributable
thereto) imposed by any governmental authority and (B) any liability of the
Company or any subsidiary for the payment of any amount of the type described in
clause (A) as a result of being a member of an affiliated or combined group;
"TAX RETURNS" means any return, report, information return or other document
(including relating or supporting information) relating to Taxes.
SECTION 3.14 COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE LAWS. Since July 31, 1999 neither
the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has violated or failed to comply with
any statute, law, permit, regulation, ordinance, rule, judgment, decree or order
of any Governmental Entity applicable to its business or operations, except for
violations and failures to comply that would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The conduct
of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries is in conformity with all
federal, state and local governmental and regulatory requirements applicable to
its business and operations, except where such nonconformities would not, in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company
and its subsidiaries have all permits, licenses and franchises from governmental
agencies required to conduct their businesses as now being conducted, except for
such permits, licenses and franchises the absence of which would not, in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 3.15 ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS. (i) The Company and its subsidiaries
are, and have been, in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws,
including having all environmental permits which are necessary to enable them to
conduct their businesses as they currently are being conducted
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except as would not individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse
Effect, (ii) neither the Company nor any subsidiary has received any written
notice of material noncompliance or material liability under any Environmental
Law which is now pending, (iii) neither the Company nor any subsidiary has
performed any acts, including releasing, storing or disposing of or arranging
for the disposing of hazardous materials or any other material regulated, or
that could result in liability, under any Environmental Law, including any
petroleum, asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls, ureaformaldehyde insulation,
lead-containing paint or radon, (collectively, "HAZARDOUS MATERIALS"), there is
no condition, including the presence of wetlands, protected species or Hazardous
Materials, on any property owned, operated or leased by the Company or a
subsidiary, and there was no condition, including the presence of wetlands,
protected species or Hazardous Materials, on any property formerly owned,
operated or leased by the Company or a subsidiary while the Company or a
subsidiary owned, operated or leased that property, that could result in a
material liability to the Company or a subsidiary under any Environmental Law
which would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect and
(iv) except for those which would not individually or in the aggregate have a
Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company nor any subsidiary is subject to
any order of any court or governmental agency requiring the Company or any
subsidiary to take, or refrain from taking, any actions in order to comply with
any Environmental Law and no action or proceeding seeking such an order is
pending or, insofar as any officer of the Company is aware, threatened against
the Company. As used in this Agreement, the term "ENVIRONMENTAL LAW" means any
Federal, state or local law, rule, rule of common law, regulation, guideline or
other legally enforceable requirement of a governmental authority relating to
protection of the environment or to environmental conditions or to human health
or safety as relating to the environment or exposure to Hazardous Material.
SECTION 3.16 INSURANCE. The Company and its subsidiaries have obtained and
maintained in full force and effect insurance with responsible and reputable
insurance companies or associations in such amounts, on such terms and covering
such risks, including fire and other risks insured against by extended coverage,
as is reasonably prudent and consistent with industry practice, and each has
maintained in full force and effect public liability insurance, insurance
against claims for personal injury or death or property damage occurring in
connection with the activities of the Company or its subsidiaries or any
properties owned, occupied or controlled by the Company or its subsidiaries, in
such amount as reasonably deemed necessary by the Company or its subsidiaries.
The Company has not received a notice of default under any such policy and has
not received written notice of any pending or threatened termination or
cancellation, coverage limitation or reduction, or material premium increase
with respect to any such policy. Schedule 3.15 of the Company Disclosure
Schedule contains a description of all policies of property, fire and casualty,
product liability, workers' compensation and other forms of insurance owned or
held by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
SECTION 3.17 BROKERS. No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or
other person, other than Wasserstein Perella, the fees and expenses of which
will be paid by the Company, a copy of such agreement having been delivered or
made available to Parent, is entitled to any broker's, finder's, financial
advisor's or other similar fee or commission in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of
the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, there is no claim or basis for
any claim for payment of any finder's fees, brokerage or agent's commissions or
like payment in connection with the negotiations leading to this Agreement or
the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
SECTION 3.18 VOTE REQUIRED. The only vote of the holders of any class or
series of capital stock of the Company necessary to approve this Agreement and
the transactions contemplated hereby is the affirmative vote of the holder of
two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Company Common Stock (the "COMPANY
SHAREHOLDERS' APPROVAL").
SECTION 3.19 CERTAIN CONTRACTS. As of the date hereof, except as disclosed
on Section 3.19 of the Company Disclosure Schedule, neither the Company nor any
of its subsidiaries is a party to or
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bound by (i) any "material contracts" (as such term is defined in Item
601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K of the SEC); (ii) any joint ventures, partnerships,
or similar arrangements; (iii) other agreements or arrangements that give rise
to a right of the other parties thereto to terminate such material contract or
to a right of first refusal or similar right thereunder as a result of the
execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation by the Company of
the Merger and the other transactions contemplated hereby; or (iv) any
agreements, licenses or other arrangements that contain exclusive grants of
rights that could, after the Effective Time, restrict Parent or any of its
affiliates or any successor thereto, from engaging in or competing with any line
of business or in any geographic area (collectively, the "Company Material
Contracts"). The Company has provided Parent with a true and accurate copy of
all Company Material Contracts and all such Company Material Contracts are valid
and in full force and effect except to the extent they have previously expired
in accordance with their terms or if the failure to be in full force and effect,
individually or in the aggregate, would not reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect on the Company. Neither the Company nor any of its
subsidiaries has violated any provision of, or committed or failed to perform
any act which, with or without notice, lapse of time or both, would constitute a
default under the provisions of any Company material Contract, except in each
case for those violations and defaults which, individually or in the aggregate,
would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect on the
Company.
SECTION 3.20 REAL PROPERTY. (a) Except as is not reasonably likely,
individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) the
Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable fee title (in the case of
owned property, the "OWNED PROPERTY") and valid leasehold interest (in the case
of leased property, the "LEASED PROPERTY") to or in all real property owned,
leased or otherwise used in the business of the Company or its subsidiaries;
(ii) Company title to the Owned Property and the Leased Property is free and
clear of imperfections, liens, security interests, claims and other charges and
encumbrances the existence of which would, individually or in the aggregate,
adversely affect the value of such property or impair the use of such property
in the usual conduct of the business of the Company; (iii) all the buildings,
structures, equipment and other tangible assets of the Company (whether owned or
leased) are in normal operating condition (normal wear and tear excepted) and
are fit for use in the ordinary course of business, and, with respect to the
Owned Property, there are no existing, or to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened, condemnation or eminent domain proceedings (or proceedings in lieu
thereof) affecting the property or any portion thereof; and (iv) the Company has
not received any written notice from any government entity or authority alleging
any material violation of any zoning, building, fire, use, air, water, waste
disposal, safety, or health codes, ordinances, laws, rules or regulations with
respect to the Owned Property which have not been remedied in all material
respects.
(b) Except as is not reasonably likely, individually or in the aggregate, to
have a Material Adverse Effect, (i) for each of the agreements by which the
Company has obtained a leasehold interest in each Leased Property (each of the
foregoing being a "LEASE") the Company or its subsidiary is the holder of the
lessee's or tenant's interest thereunder; (ii) to the knowledge of the Company,
no circumstance exists which, with the giving of notice, the passage of time or
both, could result in a default under any of the Leases; (iii) the Company has
complied with and timely performed all conditions, covenants, undertakings and
obligations on their parts to be complied with or performed under each of the
Leases; (iv) the Company and the Company's other subsidiaries have paid all
rents and other charges to the extent due and payable under the Leases; and
(v) there are no leases, subleases, licenses, concessions or any other contracts
or agreements granting to any person or entity other than the Company any right
to the possession, use, occupancy or enjoyment of any Property or any portion
thereof.
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SECTION 3.21 OPINION OF FINANCIAL ADVISOR. The Company has received an
opinion of Wasserstein Parella (the "ADVISOR") to the effect that, as of the
date hereof, from a financial point of view, the consideration to be received in
the merger is fair to the holders of Company Common Stock.
SECTION 3.22 DISCLOSURE. No representation or warranty hereunder or
information contained in the financial statements referred to in Section 3.05,
the Company Disclosure Schedule or any certificate, statement, or other document
delivered by the Company hereunder contains any untrue statement of a material
fact or omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements
contained therein or herein, in light of the circumstances in which they were
made, not misleading.
ARTICLE IV
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB
Except as disclosed in a separate disclosure schedule which has been
delivered by the Parent to the Company prior to the date of this Agreement (the
"PARENT DISCLOSURE SCHEDULE") (each section of which qualifies the
correspondingly numbered representation and warranty or covenant to the extent
specified therein and such other representations and warranties or covenants to
the extent a matter in such section is disclosed in such a way as to make its
relevance to the information called for by such other representation and
warranty or covenant readily apparent), Parent and Merger Sub hereby jointly and
severally represent and warrant to the Company as follows:
SECTION 4.01 ORGANIZATION. Each of Parent and Merger Sub and Parent's
subsidiaries is a corporation duly organized, validly existing and in good
standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has all
requisite corporate power and authority and all necessary government approvals
to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now
being conducted, except where the failure to be so organized, existing and in
good standing or to have such power, authority and governmental approvals would
not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Parent and
its subsidiaries taken as a whole. Each of Parent and Merger Sub and each of
Parent's subsidiaries is duly qualified or licensed to do business and in good
standing in each jurisdiction in which the property owned, leased or operated by
it or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification or
licensing necessary, except where the failure to be so duly qualified or
licensed and in good standing has not had and would not have a Material Adverse
Effect. The execution, delivery and performance by Parent of this Agreement has
been duly authorized by the Parent and the board of directors of Parent has
recommended approval and adoption of this Agreement and the Merger by the
Parent's shareholders. This Agreement is a valid and binding agreement of the
Parent enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as the same
may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
or similar laws affecting generally the enforcement of creditors' rights and
remedies and general principles of equity, including any limitations on the
availability of the remedy of specific performance or injunctive relief
regardless of whether specific performance or injunctive relief is sought in a
proceeding at law or in equity.
SECTION 4.02 CAPITALIZATION. (a) As of the date of this Agreement, the
authorized capital stock of Parent consists of (i) 100,000,000 shares of Parent
common stock, par value $0.01 per share and (ii) 100,000 shares of Parent
preferred stock (the "PARENT PREFERRED STOCK"). As of July 26, 2000,
(i) 13,716,017 shares of Parent Class A common stock (previously referred to as
the Parent Common Stock) were issued and outstanding, (ii) 7,635,522 shares of
Parent Class B common stock were issued and outstanding and (iii) no shares of
Parent Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding. All the outstanding shares
of Parent common stock are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
nonassessable and each class of capital stock of Parent is free of any
preemptive rights in respect thereof. As of the date hereof, no bonds,
debentures, notes or other indebtedness of Parent convertible into voting
securities of Parent are issued or outstanding and, except as set forth above,
(i) no shares of capital stock or other voting securities of Parent are
outstanding, (ii) no equity equivalents, interests in
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the ownership or earnings of Parent or other similar rights are outstanding and
(iii) except as set forth in Schedule 4.02 of Parent Disclosure Schedule, there
are no existing options, warrants, calls, subscriptions or other rights or
agreements or commitments relating to the capital stock of Parent or obligating
Parent or any of its subsidiaries to issue, transfer or sell any shares of
capital stock, or other equity interest in, Parent or obligating Parent or any
of its subsidiaries to grant, extend or enter into any such option, warrant,
call, subscription or other right, agreement or commitment. As of the date
hereof, there are no outstanding contractual obligations of Parent or any of its
subsidiaries to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any shares of capital
stock of Parent.
(b) As of the Effective Time, Parent will have authorized sufficient shares
of Parent Common Stock to permit the issuance of the Stock Consideration in the
Merger.
(c) The authorized capital stock of Merger Sub consists of 1,000 shares of
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, all of which are duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free of any preemptive rights
in respect thereof and all of which are owned by Parent.
SECTION 4.03 AUTHORITY. Each of Parent and Merger Sub has the requisite
corporate power and authority to execute, perform and deliver this Agreement
and, subject, in the case of the issuance of a sufficient number of shares of
Parent Common Stock necessary to the consummation of the Merger in accordance
with the terms of this Agreement, to the requisite approval of the issuance of
such Parent Common Stock by the holders of the outstanding shares of Parent
common stock (the "Share Issuance"), to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement. The execution, performance and delivery of this Agreement by
Parent and Merger Sub and the consummation by Parent and Merger Sub of the
transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate action on the part of Parent and Merger Sub, subject, in the case of
the issuance of a sufficient number of shares of Parent Common Stock necessary
to the consummation of the Merger in accordance with the terms of this
Agreement, to the requisite approval of the issuance of such Parent Common Stock
by the holders of the outstanding shares of Parent common stock and no other
corporate proceedings on the part of the Company are necessary to authorize the
execution and delivery of this Agreement, or to consummate the Merger and the
other transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed
and delivered by Parent and Merger Sub and, assuming this Agreement constitutes
the valid and binding obligation of the Company, constitutes the valid and
binding obligation of Parent and Merger Sub, enforceable against Parent and
Merger Sub in accordance with its terms, subject to bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium and similar laws, now or
hereafter in effect, affecting creditors' rights and remedies and to general
principles of equity.
SECTION 4.04 VALID ISSUANCE OF PARENT COMMON STOCK. The Parent Common
Stock which will be issued in connection with the Merger, when issued and
delivered in accordance with the terms hereof, will be duly and validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable and will be issued in compliance with all
applicable federal and state securities laws PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that such shares
of Parent Common Stock shall be subject to restrictions on transfer of shares of
capital stock imposed by the rules and regulations of the Securities Act, the
Exchange Act or blue sky laws.
SECTION 4.05 NONCONTRAVENTION; FILINGS AND CONSENTS. (a) The execution,
performance and delivery of this Agreement by either Parent or Merger Sub do
not, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and
compliance with the provisions of this Agreement will not, conflict with, or
result in any violation of, or default (with or without notice or lapse of time,
or both) under, or give rise to a right of termination, cancellation, or
acceleration of any obligation or to loss of a material benefit under, or result
in the creation of any lien upon any of the properties or assets of Parent or
Merger Sub or any of Parent's subsidiaries under (i) any provision of the
Certificate of Incorporation or By-Laws of either Parent or Merger Sub or the
comparable charter or organizational documents of any of Parent's subsidiaries,
(ii) any loan or credit agreement, note, bond,
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mortgage, indenture, lease or other agreement, instrument, permit, concession,
franchise or license applicable to Parent or Merger Sub or any of Parent's
subsidiaries or their respective properties or assets or (iii) subject to the
governmental filings and other matters referred to in paragraph (b) below, any
judgment, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable
to Parent or Merger Sub or any of Parent's subsidiaries or their respective
properties or assets, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), any
such conflicts, violations, defaults, rights or liens that individually or in
the aggregate would not (x) impair in any material respect the ability of Parent
or Merger Sub to perform their respective obligation under this Agreement or
(y) prevent, materially delay or impede, in any material respect, the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(b) No consent, approval, order or authorization of, or registration,
declaration or filing with, any Governmental Entity, or any other Person is
required by or with respect to Parent or Merger Sub or any of Parent's
subsidiaries in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by
Parent or Merger Sub or the consummation by Parent or Merger Sub of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for (i) the filing of a
premerger notification and report form by Parent and Merger Sub under the HSR
Act, if applicable, (ii) the filing with the SEC of (w) the Registration
Statement, (x) Information Statement, (y) such reports under Section 13(a) of
the Exchange Act, and (z) compliance with any applicable requirements of the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act, and any other applicable securities laws,
whether state or foreign, as may be required in connection with this Agreement
and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (iii) the filing of the
Articles of Merger with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation for the
State of Maryland and the Certificate of Merger with the Secretary of State of
the State of Delaware and appropriate documents with the relevant authorities of
other states in which Parent is qualified to do business, (iv) such as may be
required by any applicable state securities or "blue sky" laws and (v) such
other consents, approvals, orders, authorizations, registrations, declarations
and filings the failure of which to be obtained or made would not, individually
or in the aggregate, (x) impair in any material respect the ability of Parent or
Merger Sub to perform their respective obligations under this Agreement or
(y) prevent, delay or impede, in any material respect, the consummation of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
SECTION 4.06 PARENT SEC DOCUMENTS; FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. As of their
respective dates, (i) each of the Parent's filings with the SEC in the report on
Form 10-K dated January 13, 2000 for the year ended October 31, 1999 (including
any exhibits thereto) and the Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended
January 31, 2000 and April 30, 2000 (including any Exhibits thereto) or the
proxy statement dated January 26, 2000, in each case in the form filed by the
Parent with the SEC (the "PARENT SEC DOCUMENTS") complied, and all similar
documents filed from the date of this Agreement to the Closing Date will comply,
in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act or the
Exchange Act, as the case may be, and the rules and regulations of the SEC
promulgated thereunder applicable to such Parent SEC Documents and (ii) none of
the Parent SEC Documents contained, nor will any similar document filed after
the date of this Agreement contain, any untrue statement of a material fact or
omitted, or will omit, to state a material fact required to be stated therein or
necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading. Each of the financial statements of
the Parent (including the related notes) included or incorporated by reference
in the Parent SEC Documents (including any similar documents filed after the
date of this Agreement) comply as to form in all material respects with
applicable accounting requirements and the published rules and regulations of
the SEC with respect thereto, have been prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles (except, in the case of unaudited statements, as
permitted by Form 10-Q of the SEC) applied on a consistent basis during the
periods involved (except as may be indicated in the notes thereto) and fairly
present the consolidated financial position of the Parent and its consolidated
subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and the consolidated results of their
operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject to normal year-end
adjustments in the case of any unaudited interim financial statements). Except
for liabilities and
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obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past
practice, since the date of the most recent consolidated balance sheet included
in the Parent SEC Documents, neither the Parent nor any of its subsidiaries has
any liabilities or obligations of any nature (whether accrued, absolute,
contingent or otherwise) required by generally accepted accounting principles to
be set forth on a consolidated balance sheet of the Parent and its consolidated
subsidiaries or in the notes thereto.
SECTION 4.07 INFORMATION SUPPLIED. None of the information supplied or to
be supplied by Parent or Merger Sub, or any of their subsidiaries, expressly for
inclusion or incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement,
Information Statement and the Proxy Statement will, (i) at the time the
Registration Statement is filed with the SEC or at any time it is amended and
supplemented, (ii) on the date the Proxy Statement and Information Statement are
first mailed to the shareholders of the Company, (iii) at the time the
Registration Statement becomes effective and (iv) at the time of the Company
Shareholders' Meeting, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
are made, not misleading, except that no representation or warranty is made by
Parent or Merger Sub with respect to statements made or incorporated by
reference therein based on information supplied by the Company specifically for
inclusion or incorporation by reference therein. The Registration Statement and
the Information Statement will comply as to form in all material respects with
the requirements of the Exchange Act and the Securities Act, as the case may be,
and the rules and regulations thereunder.
SECTION 4.08 ABSENCE OF CERTAIN CHANGES OR EVENTS. Since October 31, 1999,
there has not been any Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 4.09 LITIGATION. Except as set forth in Schedule 4.09 of the
Parent Disclosure Schedule or disclosed in the Parent SEC Documents, there are
no suits, actions or proceedings pending or, to the knowledge of Parent,
threatened against Parent or any of its subsidiaries that would reasonably be
expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
Neither Parent nor any of its subsidiaries is subject to any outstanding order,
writ, injunction or decree that would reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.
SECTION 4.10 OWNERSHIP OF COMPANY CAPITAL STOCK. Except as set forth in
Schedule 4.10 of the Parent Disclosure Schedule, neither Parent nor Merger Sub
nor any of their respective affiliates is the beneficial owner of any shares of
capital stock of the Company.
SECTION 4.11 INTERIM OPERATIONS OF MERGER SUB. Merger Sub was formed
solely for the purpose of engaging in the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement and has not engaged in any business activities or conducted any
operations other than in connection with the performance of its obligations
hereunder.
SECTION 4.12 BROKERS. The Company will not be subject to any liability for
any fees or expenses of any broker, investment banker, financial advisor or
other person, in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Parent or Merger Sub.
SECTION 4.13 PARENT FINANCING. Parent has or will at the Closing have
financing in amounts sufficient to pay the Cash Consideration portion of the
Merger Consideration, plus cash to pay for any fractional shares, pursuant to
this Agreement and consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and has
provided to the Company evidence of the same.
SECTION 4.14 DISCLOSURE. No representation or warranty hereunder or
information contained in the Parent SEC Documents, Parent Financial Statements,
the Parent Disclosure Schedule or any certificate, statement, or other document
delivered by Parent hereunder contains any untrue statement of a material fact
or omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statement
contained therein or herein, in light of the circumstances in which they were
made, not misleading.
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SECTION 4.15 INVESTIGATION BY PARENT. Parent has conducted its own
independent review and analysis of the businesses, assets, condition, operations
and prospects of the Company and the Company's subsidiaries and acknowledges
that Parent has been provided access to the properties, premises, and records of
the Company and its subsidiaries for this purpose. In entering into this
Agreement, Parent has relied solely upon its own investigation and analysis, and
Parent:
(a) acknowledges that none of the Company, the Company's subsidiaries,
or any of their respective directors, officers, employees, affiliates,
agents or representatives makes any representation or warrant express or
implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any of the information
provided or made available to Parent or its agents or representatives prior
to the execution of this Agreement, and
(b) agrees, to the fullest extent permitted by law, that none of the
Company, the Company's subsidiaries, or any of their respective directors,
officers, employees, affiliates, agents, or representatives shall have any
liability or responsibility whatsoever to Parent on any basis (including,
without limitation, in contract or tort, under federal or state securities
laws or otherwise) based on any information provided or made available, or
statements made, to Parent prior to the execution of this Agreement,
except that the foregoing limitations shall not apply to the Company to the
extent the Company makes specific representations and warranties set forth in
Article III of this Agreement and in the Company Disclosure Schedule, but always
subject to the limitations and restrictions contained herein and therein.
SECTION 4.16 VOTE REQUIRED. The affirmative vote of holders of shares of
Parent Class A common stock and Parent Class B common stock (collectively,
"PARENT STOCK") representing a majority of the total votes cast at a meeting of
the holders of outstanding shares of Parent Stock all voting together without
regard to class (the "REQUIRED PARENT VOTE"), with every holder of outstanding
shares of Parent Class A common stock entitled to case thereon one vote and
every holder of outstanding shares of Parent Class B common stock entitled to
cast thereon ten votes, all in accordance with Parent's Certificate of
Incorporation, as amended, is the only vote of the holders of any class or
series of Parent capital stock necessary to approve the Share Issuance.
ARTICLE V
COVENANTS RELATING TO CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
SECTION 5.01 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY. Prior to the Effective
Time, the Company agrees as to itself and its subsidiaries (except as expressly
contemplated or permitted by this Agreement, as set forth in Schedule 5.01 of
the Company Disclosure Schedule, or to the extent that Parent shall otherwise
consent in writing) as follows:
(a) REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. The Company shall not and shall
cause its subsidiaries not to take any action which would cause the
representations and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement to not
be true, correct and accurate, in all material respects (determined as
provided in Section 7.02(a)). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company
shall use its best efforts to promptly notify Parent of (A) any
circumstance, event or action by the Company or by any subsidiary of the
Company or otherwise, the existence, occurrence or taking, as applicable, of
which would result in any of the representations and warranties of the
Company in this Agreement (i) if specifically qualified by materiality, not
being true and complete as so qualified, and (ii) if not qualified by
materiality, not being true and correct in all material respects, in each
case when made or at the Closing, or (B) any failure of the company to
comply with or satisfy any covenant, condition or agreement to be complied
with or satisfied by it prior to the Closing; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no
such notification shall affect the representations, warranties,
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covenants or agreements of the parties or the conditions to the obligations
of the parties under this Agreement.
(b) ORDINARY COURSE. The Company and its subsidiaries shall carry on
their respective businesses in the usual, regular and ordinary course in all
material respects in substantially the same manner as heretofore conducted,
shall preserve their present business organizations and shall use
commercially reasonable efforts to keep available the services of their
present officers and employees and endeavor to preserve in all material
respects their relationships with customers, suppliers and others having
business dealings with the Company and its subsidiaries.
(c) DIVIDENDS; CHANGES IN STOCK. The Company shall not and shall not
propose to (i) declare or pay any dividends on or make other distributions
in respect of any of its capital stock, (ii) split, combine or reclassify
any of its capital stock or issue or authorize or propose the issuance of
any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares
of its capital stock or (iii) repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, or
permit any subsidiary to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire, any shares
of capital stock, except to fund the Company's Deferred Compensation
Incentive Plan and 401(k) Plan.
(d) ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES. Except as may be issued upon the exercise
of outstanding (as of the date hereof) stock options issued by the Company,
the Company shall not, and it shall not permit any of its subsidiaries to,
issue, deliver or sell, or authorize or propose the issuance, delivery or
sale of, any shares of its capital stock of any class or any securities
convertible into, or any rights, warrants, calls, subscriptions or options
to acquire, any such shares or convertible securities, or any other
ownership interest other than issuances by a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Company of its capital stock to the Company.
(e) GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. The Company shall not amend or propose to
amend its Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended, or By-Laws.
(f) NO ACQUISITIONS. The Company shall not, and it shall not permit
any of its subsidiaries to, acquire or agree to acquire by merging or
consolidating with, or by purchasing a substantial equity interest in or
substantial portion of the assets of, or by any other manner, any business
or any corporation, partnership, association, joint venture or other
business organization or division thereof or otherwise acquire or agree to
acquire any assets (excluding the acquisition of assets used in the
operations of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries in the
ordinary course, which assets do not constitute a business unit, division or
all or substantially all of the assets of the transferor) to the extent such
acquisition could reasonably be expected to materially delay or interfered
with the consummation of the Merger.
(g) NO DISPOSITIONS. The Company shall not, and it shall not permit
any of its subsidiaries to, sell, lease, encumber or otherwise dispose of,
or agree to sell, lease, encumber or otherwise dispose of, any of its
assets, other than (i) dispositions and leases of real estate and homes in
the ordinary course of business, (ii) encumbrances on real estate in the
ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice and
(iii) other assets having an aggregate book value of not more than
$1,000,000.
(h) INDEBTEDNESS. The Company shall not, and it shall not permit any
of its subsidiaries to, incur (which shall include entering into credit
agreements, lines of credit or similar arrangements) any indebtedness for
borrowed money or guarantee any such indebtedness or issue or sell any debt
securities or warrants or rights to acquire any debt securities of the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or guarantee any debt securities of
others, other than in the ordinary course of business (i) take downs under
the Company's and its subsidiaries' existing credit facilities in the
ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, (ii) debt in
connection with the acquisition of real estate not to exceed $3,000,000, and
(iii) indebtedness and guarantees of indebtedness, in an aggregate principal
amount of not more than $3,000,000.
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(i) TAX MATTERS. The Company shall not make, and will not permit any
of its subsidiaries to make, any tax election or settle or compromise any
income tax liability of the Company or of any of its subsidiaries for an
amount in excess of $300,000.
(j) DISCHARGE OF LIABILITIES. The Company shall not, and it shall not
permit any of its subsidiaries to, pay, discharge, settle or satisfy any
claim, liabilities or obligations (absolute, accrued, asserted or
unasserted, contingent or otherwise) for amount in excess of $500,000 in the
aggregate (other than payments of liabilities reflected or disclosed in the
Company's financial statements or incurred in the ordinary course of
business and consistent with past practice), or waive the benefit of, or
agree to modify in any manner, any confidentiality, standstill or similar
agreement to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party.
(k) EMPLOYEE BENEFITS. The Company shall not, and shall not permit any
of its subsidiaries to, (i) grant any increase in the compensation of any of
its directors, officers or key employees, except for (x) increases for
officers and employees in the ordinary course of business and (y) the
bonuses to be paid as set forth in Schedule 5.01(k), (ii) pay or agree to
pay any pension, retirement allowance or other employee benefit not required
or contemplated by any of the existing Company Benefit Plans as in effect on
the date hereof to any director, officer or employee, (iii) enter into any
new employment, severance or termination agreement with any director,
officer or employee or (iv) except as may be required to comply with
applicable law, become obligated under any Company Benefit Plan which was
not in existence on the date hereof or amend any such plan in existence on
the date hereof to enhance the benefits thereunder.
(l) CAPITAL EXPENDITURES. The Company shall not, and shall not permit
any of its subsidiaries to, authorize or make any capital expenditures
(other than capital expenditures incurred in the ordinary course of the
business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted or
listed on Schedule 5.01(k) of the Company Disclosure Schedule) which in the
aggregate exceed $250,000.
(m) REORGANIZATION. The Company shall not adopt a plan or agreement of
complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation,
restructuring, recapitalization or other material reorganization.
(n) QUALIFICATION. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts
not to, and shall use its best efforts not to permit any of its subsidiaries
to, take any action (including any action otherwise permitted by this
Section 5.01) that would prevent or impede the Merger from qualifying as a
reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code.
SECTION 5.02 COVENANTS OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB. From the date hereof
through the Closing, without the prior written consent of the Company, unless
otherwise required or permitted by any other provision of this Agreement or the
Company and Parent Shareholder Voting Agreements:
(a) REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Neither Parent nor Merger Sub
shall take any action that would cause the representations and warranties
made by Parent and Merger Sub in this Agreement not to be true, correct and
accurate, in all material respects (determined as provided in
Section 7.03(a)), as of the Closing.
(b) NOTICE. Parent shall use its best efforts to promptly notify the
Company of any failure of Parent or Merger Sub to comply with or satisfy any
covenant, condition or agreement to be complied with or satisfied by either
of them prior to the Closing; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that no such notification
shall affect the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements of the
parties or the conditions to the obligations of the parties under this
Agreement.
(c) ORDINARY COURSE. The Parent and its subsidiaries shall carry on
their respective businesses in the usual, regular and ordinary course in all
material respects in substantially the
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same manner as heretofore conducted, and shall use commercially reasonable
efforts to keep available the services of their present officers and
employees and endeavor to preserve their relationships with customers,
suppliers and others having business dealings with the Parent and its
subsidiaries.
(d) DIVIDENDS; CHANGES IN STOCK. The Parent shall not (i) declare or
pay any dividends on or make other distributions in respect of any of its
capital stock other than dividends not in excess of the amount paid of
Parent Common Stock in the comparable year earlier period, (ii) split,
combine or reclassify any of its capital stock or issue or authorize or
propose the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in
substitution for shares of its capital stock or (iii) except for redemptions
or repurchases of Parent Common Stock not to exceed $1,500,000, repurchase,
redeem or otherwise acquire, or permit any subsidiary to repurchase, redeem
or otherwise acquire, any shares of capital stock.
(e) ISSUANCE OF SECURITIES. The Parent shall not, and it shall not
permit any of its subsidiaries to, issue, deliver or sell, or authorize or
propose the issuance, delivery or sale of, any shares of its capital stock
of any class or any securities convertible into, or any rights, warrants,
calls, subscriptions or options to acquire, any such shares or convertible
securities, or any other ownership interest other than issuances by a wholly
owned subsidiary of the Parent of its capital stock to the Parent or another
wholly-owned subsidiary of Parent.
(f) GOVERNING DOCUMENTS. Except as may be required to comply with
applicable law, the Parent shall not amend or propose to amend its
Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, or By-Laws in a manner adverse to
the consummation of the Merger or the Parent's shareholders.
(g) NO ACQUISITIONS. The Parent shall not, and it shall not permit any
of its subsidiaries to, acquire or agree to acquire by merging or
consolidating with, or by purchasing a substantial equity interest in or
substantial portion of the assets of, or by any other manner, any business
or any corporation, partnership, association or other business organization
or division thereof if such acquisition, merger, consolidation, purchase or
other transactions could reasonably be expected to materially delay the
Closing contemplated by the terms of this Agreement, unless Parent obtains
the written approval of the Company with respect to any such transaction,
which approval will not be unreasonably withheld by the Company.
(h) NO DISPOSITIONS. The Parent shall not, and it shall not permit any
of its subsidiaries to, sell, lease, encumber or otherwise dispose of, or
agree to sell, lease, encumber or otherwise dispose of, any of its assets,
other than (i) dispositions and leases of real estate and homes in the
ordinary course of business; (ii) encumbrances on real estate in the
ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice and
(iii) other assets having an aggregate book value of not more than
$3,000,000, if such sale, lease, encumbrance or disposition, or agreement to
do any of the foregoing, could reasonably be expected to materially delay
the Closing contemplated by the terms of this Agreement unless Parent
obtains the written approval of the Company with respect to any such
transactions, which approval will not be unreasonably withheld by the
Company.
SECTION 5.03 NO SOLICITATION. (a) The Company shall not, nor shall it
permit any of its subsidiaries to, nor shall it authorize or permit any officer,
director or employee of, or any investment banker, attorney, accountants,
consultants or other advisor or representative of, the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries directly or indirectly to solicit or initiate, or knowingly
encourage or otherwise facilitate the submission of, any "competitive proposal"
(as defined below in this Section 5.03(a)). The Company shall, and shall cause
its subsidiaries and the directors, employees and other agents of the Company
and its subsidiaries, to cease immediately and cause to be terminated all
activities, discussions or negotiations, if any, with any Persons conducted
prior to the date hereof with respect to any competitive proposal. The Company
shall provide Parent with prompt notice, but in no event later than 24 hours
after its or any of its advisors' receipt of a competitive proposal, or of any
request (other than
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in the ordinary course of business and not related to a competitive proposal)
for non-public information relating to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or
for access to the properties, books, or records of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries by any Person who is known to be considering making, or has made, a
competitive proposal. The Company shall provide such notice orally and in
writing and shall identify the Person making, and the terms and conditions of,
any such competitive proposal, indication or request. For purposes of this
Agreement, "COMPETITIVE PROPOSAL" means (i) any proposal or offer from any
person relating to any direct or indirect acquisition or purchase of all or a
substantial part of the assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or of
over 20% of any class of equity securities of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, or (ii) any tender offer or exchange offer that if consummated
would result in any person beneficially owning 20% or more of any class of
equity securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (iii) any merger,
consolidation, business combination, sale of substantially all the assets,
recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution or similar transaction involving the
Company or any of its subsidiaries, other than the transactions contemplated by
this Agreement and other than transactions in the ordinary course of business,
or (iv) any other transaction the consummation of which would reasonably be
expected to, in a material way, impede, interfere with, prevent or delay the
Merger or which would reasonably be expected to dilute materially the benefits
to Parent of the transactions contemplated hereby.
(b) Section 5.03(a) will not prevent the Company or the Board of Directors
of the Company, as the case may be, from, in response to a competitive proposal
which the Company receives despite compliance with Section 5.03(a) and which the
Company's Board of Directors determines in good faith after consultation with
its independent financial advisor would result (if consummated in accordance
with its terms) in a transaction which would be more favorable to the Company's
shareholders than the Merger, (i) furnishing non-public information (after
receipt of an appropriate confidentiality agreement no less favorable to the
Company than the Company Confidentiality Agreement) to the person, entity or
group which makes the competitive proposal and entering into discussions and
negotiations with that person, entity or group, (ii) withdrawing or modifying
its approval of this Agreement or the Merger (subject to Section 6.01(b) below),
(iii) approving or recommending a competitive proposal or (iv) entering into an
agreement with respect to a competitive proposal; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, other
than in the ordinary course of business and not related to a competitive
proposal or other than as permitted by the preceding clauses 5.03(b)(i), (ii),
(iii) and (iv), the Company will not (w) engage in any discussion or
negotiations with any Person who is known by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to be considering making, or to have made, a competitive proposal,
(x) disclose any non-public information relating to the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to any Person who is known by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to be considering making, or to have made, a competitive proposal,
(y) afford access to the properties, books or records of the Company or any of
its subsidiaries to any Person who is known by the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to be considering making, or to have made, a competitive proposal,
or (z) amend or grant any waiver or release under any standstill or similar
agreement with respect to any class of equity securities of the Company (a
"STANDSTILL AGREEMENT").
ARTICLE VI
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
SECTION 6.01 COMPANY SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING. (a) The Company shall duly
call a meeting of its shareholders (the "COMPANY SHAREHOLDERS' MEETING") to
consider and vote upon the approval and adoption of this Agreement and the
Merger and the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to hold the
Company Shareholders' Meeting as soon as practicable after the date on which the
Registration Statement becomes effective. The Board of Directors of the Company
shall, subject to Section 6.01(b), use its reasonable best efforts to recommend
such approval and adoption of this Agreement and the Merger unless such
recommendation would, in the opinion of outside legal counsel
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to the Company, result in a breach of the fiduciary duties of the Board of
Directors under applicable Legal Requirements, and the Company shall take all
lawful action to solicit such approval, including, without limitation, timely
mailing the Proxy Statement.
(b) The Board of Directors of the Company shall not withdraw, or modify in a
manner adverse to Parent, its recommendation to its shareholders unless the
Company has complied with the terms of Section 5.03 in all material respects,
including, without limitation, the requirement in Section 5.03 that it notify
Parent promptly after its receipt of any competitive proposal. Unless this
Agreement is previously terminated in accordance with Article Eight, the Company
shall submit this Agreement to its shareholders at the Company Shareholders'
Meeting even if the Board of Directors of the Company determines at any time
after the date hereof that it is no longer advisable or recommends that the
Company shareholders reject it.
SECTION 6.02 REGISTRATION STATEMENT; PROXY STATEMENT. (a) As promptly as
practicable after the execution of this Agreement, (i) Parent and the Company
shall cooperate and prepare and Parent shall file with the SEC a registration
statement on Form S-4 (together with all amendments thereto, the "REGISTRATION
STATEMENT") in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of the
shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued to the shareholders of the Company in
the Merger, a portion of which Registration Statement shall also serve as
(i) the information statement, which the Parent, with the cooperation of the
Company, shall prepare (together with any amendments thereof or supplements
thereto, the "INFORMATION STATEMENT") and (ii) the proxy statement, which the
Company, with the cooperation of Parent, shall prepare (together with any
amendments thereof or supplements thereto, the "PROXY STATEMENT") relating to
the Company Shareholders' Meeting. The respective parties will cause the
Information Statement, the Proxy Statement and the Registration Statement to
comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable provisions of the
Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, the
rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") and the AMEX, the
DGCL and the MGCL. Both the Company and Parent shall furnish to each other all
information concerning the Company or Parent each may reasonably request in
connection with such actions and the preparation of the Registration Statement,
the Information Statement and the Proxy Statement. Each of the Company and
Parent shall use its commercially reasonable efforts, to cause the Registration
Statement to become effective as promptly as practicable and to keep the
Registration Statement effective as long as is necessary to consummate the
Merger. Prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement Parent shall
take all action required under any applicable federal or state securities laws
in connection with the issuance of shares of Parent Common Stock pursuant to the
Merger. The Parent will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Information
Statement to be mailed to each of the Parent's shareholders as promptly as
practicable after the Registration Statement is declared effective under the
Securities Act. The Company, with the cooperation of Parent, will use its
reasonable best efforts to cause the Proxy Statement to be mailed to each of the
Company's shareholders as promptly as practicable after the Registration
Statement is declared effective under the Securities Act. The parties shall
promptly provide copies, consult with each other and prepare written responses
with respect to any written comments received from the SEC with respect to the
Registration Statement, the Information Statement and the Proxy Statement
received from the SEC. The parties will cooperate in preparing and filing with
the SEC any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the
Information Statement or Proxy Statement.
(b) The Proxy Statement shall include the unanimous and unconditional
recommendation of the Board of Directors of the Company to the shareholders of
the Company that they vote in favor of the adoption of this Agreement and the
Merger, except as otherwise provided in Section 5.03 or Section 6.01 of this
Agreement.
(c) No amendment or supplement to the Proxy Statement, the Information
Statement or the Registration Statement will be made by Parent or the Company
without the approval of the other party, which approval shall not be
unreasonably withheld. Each of the Company and Parent will advise
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the other party, promptly after it receives notice thereof, of the time when the
Registration Statement has become effective or any supplement or amendment has
been filed, of the issuance of any stop order, of the suspension of the
qualification of Parent Common Stock issuable in connection with the Merger for
offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of any request by the SEC, the NYSE or
AMEX for amendment of the Proxy Statement, the Information Statement or the
Registration Statement or comments thereon and responses thereto or requests by
the SEC for additional information.
(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, neither
Parent nor the Company shall have any obligation to have the Registration
Statement declared effective unless and until (i) Parent shall have received the
"comfort letter" in accordance with Section 6.11(a) and (ii) the Company shall
have received the "comfort letter" in accordance with Section 6.11(b).
(e) The information supplied by the Company for inclusion in the
Registration Statement and included in the Information Statement and the Proxy
Statement shall not, at (i) the time the Registration Statement is declared
effective, (ii) the time the Information Statement (or any amendment thereof or
supplement thereto) is first mailed to the shareholders of the Parent,
(iii) the time the Proxy Statement (or any amendment thereof or supplement
thereto) is first mailed to the shareholders of the Company, (iv) the time of
the Company Shareholders' Meeting and (v) the Effective Time, contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or fail to state any material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not
misleading. If at any time prior to the Effective Time any event or
circumstances relating to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or their
respective officers and directors, should be discovered by the Company that
should be set forth in an amendment or a supplement to the Proxy Statement,
Information Statement or Registration Statement, the Company shall promptly
inform Parent. All documents that the Company is responsible for filing with the
SEC in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby will comply as to
form in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the DGCL, the
MGCL, the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the NYSE and the AMEX.
(f) The information supplied by Parent for inclusion in the Proxy Statement
and included in the Registration Statement shall not, at (i) the time the
Registration Statement is declared effective, (ii) the time the Information
Statement (or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto) is first mailed to
the shareholders of the Parent, (iii) the time the Proxy Statement (or any
amendment thereof or supplement thereto) is first mailed to the shareholders of
the Company, (iv) the time of the Company Shareholders' Meeting and (v) the
Effective Time, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or fail to state
any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make
the statements therein not misleading. If at any time prior to the Effective
Time any event or circumstance relating to Parent or any of its subsidiaries, or
their respective officers and directors, should be discovered by Parent that
should be set forth in an amendment or a supplement to the Proxy Statement,
Information Statement or Registration Statement, Parent shall promptly inform
the Company. All documents that Parent is responsible for filing with the SEC in
connection with the transactions contemplated hereby will comply as to form in
all material respects with the applicable requirements of the DGCL, the MGCL,
the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, the NYSE and the AMEX.
SECTION 6.03 INFORMATION; CONFIDENTIALITY. (a) The Company shall, and
shall cause its subsidiaries, officers, employees, counsel, financial advisors
and other representative to, provide to Parent, and to Parent's officers,
employees, accountants, counsel, financial advisors and other representatives,
access during normal business hours throughout the period prior to the Effective
Time to all the officers, employees, properties, books, contracts, commitments
and records of the Company and its subsidiaries; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, Parent and
its representatives shall not materially interfere with the operation of the
business of the Company, and during such period, the Company shall, and shall
cause its subsidiaries, officers, employees, counsel, financial advisors and
other representatives to furnish promptly to Parent (i) a copy of each report,
schedule, registration statement and other
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document filed by it or its subsidiaries during such period pursuant to the
requirements of applicable federal or state securities laws, (ii) no later than
20 days following the end of each calendar month, monthly financial statements
similar to those which have been prepared on a historical basis and (iii) all
other information concerning its business, properties, financial condition,
operations and current and former personnel as Parent may reasonable request.
Until the Effective Time, Parent will be bound by the terms of the
confidentiality agreement with the Company dated June 7, 2000 (the "COMPANY
CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT").
(b) Parent shall provide to the Company, and to the Company's officers,
employees, accountants, counsel, financial advisors and other representatives,
access during normal business hours throughout the period prior to the Effective
Time to all the officers, employees, properties, books, contracts, commitments
and records of Parent and its subsidiaries; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, the Company and
its representatives shall not materially interfere with the operation of the
business of Parent, and during such period, Parent shall furnish promptly to the
Company (i) a copy of each report, schedule, registration statement and other
document filed by it or its subsidiaries during such period pursuant to the
requirements of federal or state securities laws and (ii) all other information
concerning its business, properties and current and former personnel as the
Company may reasonably request. Until the Effective Time, the Company will be
bound by the terms of the confidentiality agreement with Parent dated
August 22, 2000 (the "PARENT CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT") on terms no less
favorable than those of the Company Confidentiality Agreement.
SECTION 6.04 APPROVALS AND CONSENTS; COOPERATION. (a) Upon the terms and
subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, each of the parties
agrees to cooperate with each other and to use all commercially reasonable
efforts to promptly take, or cause to be taken, all actions, and to do, or cause
to be done, and to assist and cooperate with the other parties in doing, all
things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate and make effective, in the
most expeditious manner practicable, the Merger and the other transactions
contemplated by this Agreement, including, without limitation, (i) the obtaining
of all necessary actions or nonactions, waivers, consents and approvals from
Governmental Entities and the making of all necessary registrations, submissions
of information, applications and filings (including filings with Governmental
Entities) and the taking of all reasonable steps as may be necessary to obtain
an approval or waiver from, or to avoid an action or proceeding by, any
Governmental Entity, (ii) the obtaining and maintenance of all necessary
consents, approvals, permits, authorizations and other confirmations or waivers
from third parties, including any consents required under land acquisition
agreements, (iii) the defending of any lawsuits or other legal proceedings,
whether judicial or administrative, investigating or challenging this Agreement
or the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement,
including seeking to have any stay or temporary restraining order entered by any
court or other Governmental Entity vacated or reversed and (iv) the execution
and delivery of any additional instruments necessary to consummate the
transactions contemplated by, and to fully carry out the purposes of, this
Agreement.
(b) Parent and the Company shall file as soon as practicable after the date
of this Agreement notifications under the HSR Act, if required, and shall
respond as promptly as practicable to all inquiries or requests received from
the Federal Trade Commission or the Antitrust Division of the Department of
Justice for additional information or documentation and shall respond as
promptly as practicable to all inquiries and requests received from any State
Attorney General or other Governmental Entity in connection with the
transactions contemplated hereby. The parties shall cooperate with each other in
connection with the making of all such filings or responses, including providing
copies of all such documents to the other party and its advisors prior to filing
or responding. Parent and Merger Sub agree to use their respective reasonable
efforts to avoid the entry of (or, if entered, to lift, vacate or reverse) any
order, decree, judgment or ruling of any court or Governmental Entity
restraining or preventing the consummation of the Merger on the basis of any
federal, state or local antitrust laws or regulations. Concurrently with the
filing of notifications under the HSR Act or as
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soon thereafter as practicable, the Company and Parent shall each request early
termination of HSR Act waiting period.
SECTION 6.05 COMPANY BENEFIT PLANS. (a) Parent shall or shall cause the
Surviving Corporation to provide current and former employees of the Company and
its subsidiaries with the same employee benefits plan, programs, and
arrangements as are provided to similarly situated current and former employees
of the Parent.
(b) All service credited to each employee by the Company or its subsidiaries
through the Effective Time shall be recognized by Parent for all purposes,
including for purposes of eligibility, vesting and benefit accruals (other than
for purposes of benefit accruals under any defined benefit pension plan) under
any employee benefit plan provided by Parent for the benefit of the employees;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that, to the extent necessary to avoid duplication of
benefits, amounts payable under employee benefit plans provided by Parent may be
reduced by amounts payable under similar Company Benefit Plans with respect to
the same periods of service. In addition, with respect to any welfare benefit
plan established or maintained by Parent or its subsidiaries for the benefit of
employees of the Company, Parent shall, or shall cause the relevant subsidiary
to, waive any pre-existing condition exclusions other than any pre-existing
condition that was not waived by a Welfare Plan and provide that any covered
expenses incurred on or before the Effective Time in respect of the current plan
year by any employee of the Company (or any covered dependent of such an
employee) shall be taken into account for purposes of satisfying applicable
deductible, coinsurance and maximum out-of-pocket provisions after the Effective
Time in respect of such current plan year.
(c) Parent hereby agrees to cause the Surviving Corporation to honor
(without modification) and assume the severance policies, employment agreements,
executive termination agreements and individual benefit arrangements disclosed
in Schedule 3.10 of the Company Disclosure Schedule to Parent, except for any
such agreements or arrangements with Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr., Thomas Pellerito,
Christopher Spendley and Clayton Miller which shall be terminated as of the
Closing Date and replaced by the employment agreements referred to in
Section 7.02(d) hereof.
SECTION 6.06 FEES AND EXPENSES. (a) Except as provided below in this
Section 6.06, all fees and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement
and the Merger and any other transaction contemplated by this Agreement shall be
paid by the party incurring such fees or expenses, whether or not the Merger is
consummated.
(b) If:
(i) Parent shall terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.01(g)
and prior to the Company Stockholders Meeting there is a competitive
proposal;
(ii) Parent shall terminate this Agreement pursuant to Section 8.01(c),
unless at the time of such failure to recommend, withdrawal of a
recommendation or adverse recommendation, recommendation of a competitive
proposal, or entering into an agreement with respect to a competitive
proposal, any of the conditions set forth in Section 7.03(a) or 7.03(b)
would not have been satisfied as of such date and would not be reasonably
capable of being satisfied; or
(iii) Parent shall terminate this Agreement pursuant to
Section 8.01(e)(ii) because of a failure to satisfy or waive the conditions
set forth in Section 7.02(a) or (b),
then in any case as described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) (each such case
of termination being referred to as a "TRIGGER EVENT") the Company shall pay to
Parent (by wire transfer of immediately available funds not later than the date
of termination of this Agreement) an amount equal to $3,000,000. Acceptance by
Parent of the payment referred to in the foregoing sentence shall constitute
conclusive evidence that this Agreement has been validly terminated and upon
acceptance of payment of such amount the Company shall be fully released and
discharged from any liability or obligation
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resulting from or under this Agreement. Parent's rights hereunder are in
addition to any rights Parent may have under the Voting Agreement.
(c) If the Company shall terminate this Agreement pursuant to
Section 8.01(f)(ii) because of a failure to satisfy or waive the conditions set
forth in Section 7.03(a) or (b), then Parent shall pay to Company (by wire
transfer of immediately available funds not later than the date of termination
of this Agreement) an amount equal to $1,000,000. Acceptance by the Company of
the payment referred to in the foregoing sentence shall constitute conclusive
evidence that this Agreement has been validly terminated and upon acceptance of
payment of such amount Parent shall be fully released and discharged from any
liability or obligation resulting from or under this Agreement.
SECTION 6.07 PLAN OF REORGANIZATION. This Agreement is intended to
constitute a "plan of reorganization" within the meaning of Section 1.368-2(g)
of the income tax regulations promulgated under the Code. From and after the
date of this Agreement and until the Effective Time, each party hereto shall use
its best efforts to cause the Merger to qualify, and will not take any actions
or cause any actions to be taken which could prevent the Merger from qualifying,
as a reorganization under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code.
Following the Effective Time, neither the Surviving Corporation, Parent nor any
of their affiliates shall take any action, fail to take any action, or cause any
action to be taken or fail to be taken which would cause the Merger to fail to
qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code.
SECTION 6.08 PUBLIC ANNOUNCEMENTS. Unless otherwise required by applicable
law, court process or the requirements of any listing agreement with any
applicable stock exchange, Parent and the Company shall each use their
reasonable efforts to consult with each other before issuing communications to
employees regarding the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or before
issuing any press release or otherwise making any public statements with respect
to this Agreement or any transaction contemplated by this Agreement and shall
not issue any such press release or make any such public statement prior to such
consultation. The Company and Parent shall each provide to the other a copy of
each press release or other public statement relating to its business reasonably
in advance to making such release or statement. The parties agree that the
initial press release or releases to be issued with respect to the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement shall be mutually agreed upon prior to the
issuance thereof.
SECTION 6.09 LETTERS OF ACCOUNTANTS. (a) The Company shall use its
reasonable best efforts to cause to be delivered to Parent a "comfort" letter of
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Company's independent public accountants, dated and
delivered within two Business Days before the date on which the Registration
Statement shall become effective, and addressed to Parent, in the form, scope
and content reasonably satisfactory to Parent and as contemplated by Statement
on Auditing Standards No. 72 issued by the American Institute of Certified
Public Accountants, Inc. ("SAS 72"), relating to the financial statements and
other financial data with respect to the Company and its consolidated
subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Proxy Statement and
such other matters as may be reasonably required by Parent, and based upon
procedures carried out to a specified date not earlier than five days prior to
the date thereof.
(b) Parent shall use its reasonable efforts to cause to be delivered to the
Company a "comfort" letter of Ernst & Young LLP ("Ernst & Young"), Parent's
independent public accountants, dated within two Business Days before the date
on which the Registration Statement shall become effective, and addressed to the
Company in the form, scope and content reasonably satisfactory to Parent and as
contemplated by SAS 72, relating to the financial statements and other financial
data with respect to Parent and its consolidated subsidiaries included in or
incorporated by reference in the Proxy Statement and such other matters as may
be reasonably required by the Company, and based upon procedures carried out to
a specified date not earlier than five days prior to the date thereof. In
connection with Parent's efforts to obtain such letter, if requested by Ernst &
Young, the Company shall provide a representation letter to Ernst & Young
complying with SAS 72, if then required.
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SECTION 6.10 DIRECTORS' AND OFFICERS' INSURANCE AND
INDEMNIFICATION. (a) The Surviving Corporation will and Parent shall cause the
Surviving Corporation to, at all times after the Effective Time indemnify and
hold harmless each person who is at the date of this Agreement, or has been at
any time prior to the date of this Agreement, a director, officer or employee of
the Company or any of its subsidiaries ("INDEMNIFIED PARTIES"), in each case to
the fullest extent permitted by applicable law with respect to any claim,
liability, loss, damage, cost or expense (whenever asserted or claimed) based in
whole or in part, or arising in whole or in part out of, any act or omission by
that person at or prior to the Effective Time in connection with that person's
duties as a director, officer or employee of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries to the same extent and on the same terms (including with respect to
advancement of expenses) provided in the Company's Articles of Incorporation or
By-Laws, or in any indemnification agreements, in effect on the date of this
Agreement provided the person to whom expenses are advanced provides a customary
undertaking complying with applicable law to replay such advances if it is
ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification.
(b) Parent will cause the Surviving Corporation to keep in effect for at
least six years after the Effective Time the policies of directors' and
officers' liability insurance maintained by the Company and its subsidiaries at
the date of this Agreement to the extent that such policy provides coverage for
events occurring prior to the Effective Time for all persons [who are or were
directors and officers of the Company or its subsidiaries on the date of this
Agreement]; provided that (i) Parent may substitute policies having the same
coverage and amounts and containing terms and conditions which are no less
advantageous to the persons who are currently covered by the Company's policies
and with carriers comparable in terms of credit worthiness to those which have
written the policies maintained by the Company at the date of this Agreement and
(ii) neither Parent nor the Surviving Corporation will be required to pay an
annual premium for that insurance in excess of two times the annual premium
relating to the year during which this Agreement is executed, but if they are
not able to maintain the required insurance for an annual premium for that
amount, they will purchase as much coverage as it can obtain for that amount.
SECTION 6.11 RESALES BY AFFILIATES. (a) Promptly after the execution of
this Agreement, each of the directors of the Company will execute an agreement
to the effect set forth in this Section 6.12(a). Prior to the Effective Time,
the Company shall deliver to Parent a letter identifying all other Persons who
at the Effective Time, may be deemed to be "affiliates" of the Company for
purposes of Rule 145 under the Securities Act or who may otherwise be deemed to
be Affiliates of the Company (the "RULE 145 AFFILIATES"). The Company shall use
its reasonable best efforts to cause each Person who is identified as a
Rule 145 Affiliate in such list to deliver to Parent on or prior to the 30th day
prior to the Effective Time, a written agreement, in the form attached hereto as
Exhibit C, that such Rule 145 Affiliate will not sell, pledge, transfer or
otherwise dispose of any Parent Common Stock issued to such Rule 145 Affiliate
pursuant to the Merger, except pursuant to an effective registration statement
or in compliance with Rule 145 under the Securities Act or an exemption from the
registration requirements of the Securities Act.
(b) In respect of shares of Parent Common Stock which are acquired by
persons defined to be affiliates of the Company, the Registration Statement on
Form S-4 filed with the SEC by the Parent in connection with the registration
under the Securities Act of the shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued to
the shareholders of the Company in the Merger shall also serve as the
registration statement and statutory prospectus for resales by affiliates of the
Company of shares of Parent Common Stock acquired by them pursuant to the Merger
and Parent hereby agrees to amend and keep "evergreen" such Registration
Statement for a period of 1 year from and after the Effective Time of the Merger
so that such affiliates of the Company may effect resales of Parent Common Stock
acquired by them pursuant to the Merger in excess of the volume and other
limitations imposed on them by Rule 145(d) promulgated under the Securities Act.
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SECTION 6.12 STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING. Parent shall, in cooperation with the
Company, use its reasonable best efforts, as promptly as reasonably practicable,
to prepare and submit to the NYSE a listing application covering the shares of
Parent Common Stock to be issued in the Merger and shall use its reasonable best
efforts to cause such shares to be approved for listing on the NYSE prior to the
Effective Time; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that if Parent shall not satisfy the
requirements for listing on the NYSE, then Parent shall, in cooperation with the
Company, use its reasonable best efforts, as promptly as reasonably practicable,
to prepare and submit to the AMEX a supplemental listing application covering
the shares of Parent Common Stock to be issued in the Merger.
SECTION 6.13 DELIVERY OF 2000 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. The Company will
deliver to Parent, no later than September 6, 2000, unaudited copies of the
Company's consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ending July 31,
2000 (collectively, the "UNAUDITED 2000 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS"), which shall have
been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (except for the
absence of notes thereto) and which are consistent with prior years' preparation
of the Company's audited financials.
SECTION 6.14 BOARD REPRESENTATION. Parent agrees to cause Geaton A.
DeCesaris, Jr. ("DeCesaris") to be elected as a member of its Board of Directors
as of the Effective Time and to cause DeCesaris to continue to be nominated for
election as a member of the Board of Directors of the Parent at each annual
meeting of the stockholders of the Parent from and after the Effective Time for
(i) so long as DeCesaris either remains as an employee of Parent or owns in the
aggregate at least 500,000 shares of Parent Common Stock, (ii) so long as there
shall not have occurred any event with respect to DeCesaris that, in the
determination of counsel to Parent, would require disclosure by Parent pursuant
to Paragraph (f) of Item 401 of Regulation S-K (as such provisions, or any
successor provisions, may be amended from time to time) in any filing with the
SEC, and (iii) so long as DeCesaris has not become an executive officer, board
member, owner, partner, consultant or employee of any company engaged in a home
construction and/or financial services business or any other business of Parent
and its subsidiaries. For purposes of the foregoing, DeCesaris shall be deemed
not a shareholder of a company that would otherwise be a competing entity if his
record and beneficial ownership of the capital stock of such company amount to
no more than 5% of the outstanding capital stock of such company.
SECTION 6.15 VOTING AGREEMENTS. (a) The Company agrees, at Parent's
request, from time to time to execute and deliver such documents and take all
such further action as may be necessary or appropriate to assist Parent in
respect of the agreements of the principal shareholders of the Company set forth
in the agreements among Parent, Merger Sub and the principal shareholders of the
Company dated as of the date hereof (the "Company Shareholder Voting
Agreements") including, without limitation, notifying the Company's transfer
agent that there is a stop transfer order with respect to such stockholders'
shares of Company Common Stock and that the Company Shareholder Voting
Agreements place limits on the voting and transfer of such shares.
(b) Parent agrees, at the Company's request, from time to time to execute
and deliver such documents and take all such further action as may be necessary
or appropriate to assist the Company in respect of the agreements of the
principal shareholders of Parent set forth in the agreement between the Company
and principal shareholders of Parent dated as of the date hereof (the "Parent
Shareholder Voting Agreement"), including, without limitation, notifying
Parent's transfer agent that there is a stop transfer order with respect to such
stockholders' shares of Parent Common Stock and Parent Class B common stock, and
that the Parent Shareholder Voting Agreement places limits on the voting and
transfer of such shares.
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ARTICLE VII
CONDITIONS TO THE MERGER
SECTION 7.01 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF EACH PARTY. The obligations
of the Company, Parent and Merger Sub to consummate the Merger are subject to
the satisfaction or waiver on or prior to the Closing Date of the following
conditions:
(a) REGISTRATION STATEMENT. The Registration Statement shall have
become effective under the Securities Act and no stop order suspending the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect and no
proceeding for that purpose shall be pending before or threatened by the
SEC.
(b) SHAREHOLDER APPROVALS. This Agreement shall have been approved by
the requisite affirmative vote of the shareholders of (i) the Company in
accordance with the Company's Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended
and supplemented, By-Laws and the MGCL and (ii) the Parent in accordance
with the rules and regulations of the AMEX, the Company's Listing Agreement
with the AMEX and the DGCL.
(c) NO INJUNCTION OR RESTRAINT. No Governmental Entity shall have
enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any law, rule, regulation
or order which is then in effect and has the effect of making the Merger
illegal or otherwise prohibiting consummation of the Merger.
(d) HSR ACT. Any waiting period (and any extension thereof) applicable
to the consummation of the Merger under the HSR Act shall have expired or
been terminated.
(e) CONSENTS AND APPROVALS. All consents, approvals and authorizations
legally required to be obtained to consummate the Merger shall have been
obtained from all Governmental Entities or Persons as applicable and shall
be final (in the case of any consent or waiver from a Governmental Entity)
and in full force and effect as of the Closing, except for such consents,
approvals and authorizations the failure of which to obtain would not have a
Material Adverse Effect on Parent or the Company (assuming for purposes of
this paragraph (e) that the Merger shall have been effected).
SECTION 7.02 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF PARENT AND MERGER SUB. The
obligations of Parent and Merger Sub to consummate the Merger are further
subject to the satisfaction or waiver by Parent on or prior to the Closing Date
of the following further conditions:
(a) COMPANY REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Each of the
representations and warranties of the Company contained in this Agreement
that are qualified with respect to materiality shall be true and correct in
all material respects and such representations and warranties that are not
so qualified shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of
the Closing Date, as if made on and as of such date (other than
representations and warranties which address matters only as of a certain
date which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such
certain date), in each case except as contemplated or permitted by this
Agreement, and Parent shall have received a certificate of the Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company to such effect.
(b) COMPANY AGREEMENTS AND COVENANTS. The Company shall have performed
or complied in all material respects with all agreements and covenants
required by this Agreement to be performed or complied with by it on or
prior to the Closing Date, and Parent shall have received a certificate of
the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company
to that effect.
(c) TAX OPINION. Parent shall have received the opinion of Simpson
Thacher & Bartlett, counsel to Parent, based upon representation letters
substantially in the forms of Exhibits A and B to this Agreement, dated on
or about the Closing Date, and such other facts, representations and
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assumptions as counsel may reasonably deem relevant, to the effect that the
Merger will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a tax-free
reorganization qualifying under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code
and that each of Parent, Merger Sub and the Company will be a party to the
reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(b) of the Code, dated on
the Closing Date.
(d) EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS. The employment agreements, entered as of
the Closing Date, which shall be in form and substance similar to those set
forth as Exhibits D, E, F and G hereto, by Parent and each of Geaton A.
DeCesaris, Jr., Thomas Pellerito, Christopher Spendley and Clayton Miller
shall be in full force and effect.
SECTION 7.03 CONDITIONS TO THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE COMPANY. The obligations
of the Company to consummate the Merger are further subject to the satisfaction
or waiver by the Company on or prior to the Closing Date of the following
further conditions:
(a) PARENT REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Each of the representations
and warranties of each of Parent and Merger Sub contained in this Agreement
that are qualified with respect to materiality shall be true and correct in
all material respects and such representations and warranties that are not
so qualified shall be true and correct in all material respects on and as of
the Closing Date as if made on and as of such date (other than
representations and warranties which address matters only as of a certain
date which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such
certain date), in each case except as contemplated or permitted by this
Agreement, and the Company shall have received a certificate of the Chief
Executive Officer of Parent to such effect.
(b) PARENT AGREEMENTS AND COVENANTS. Each of Parent and Merger Sub
shall have performed or complied in all material respects with all
agreements and covenants required by this Agreement to be performed or
complied with by it on or prior to the Closing Date, and the Company shall
have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of Parent to that
effect.
(c) TAX OPINION. The Company shall have received the opinion of Duane,
Morris & Heckscher LLP, counsel to the Company, based upon representation
letters substantially in the forms of Exhibits A and B to this Agreement,
dated on or about the Closing Date, and such other facts, representations
and assumptions, as counsel may reasonably deem relevant, to the effect that
the Merger will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a tax-free
reorganization qualifying under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code
and that each of Parent, Merger Sub and the Company will be a party to the
reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, dated on
the Closing Date.
(d) OPINION OF WASSERSTEIN PERELLA. The Company has received an
opinion from the Advisor dated as of the date hereof, to the effect that the
consideration to be received by the stockholders of the Company pursuant to
the Merger is fair to such stockholders from a financial point of view, a
copy of which will be made available to Parent promptly after the date of
this Agreement.
ARTICLE VIII
TERMINATION, AMENDMENT AND WAIVER
SECTION 8.01 TERMINATION. This Agreement may be terminated and the Merger
and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement may be abandoned at
any time prior to the Effective Time, whether before or after approval thereof
by shareholders of the Company, as follows:
(a) by mutual written consent of Parent and the Company;
(b) by either Parent or the Company if the Effective Time shall not have
occurred by the end of eight (8) months following the date of this
Agreement; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the right to
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terminate this Agreement under this Section 8.01(b) shall not be available
to any party whose failure to fulfill any obligation under this Agreement
has been the cause of, or resulted in, the failure of the Effective Time to
occur by the end of six (6) months following the date of this Agreement;
(c) by Parent if (i) the Board of Directors of the Company or any
committee thereof shall have withdrawn or modified in a manner adverse to
Parent its approval or recommendation of this Agreement and the Merger,
(ii) the Board of Directors of the Company or any committee thereof shall
have approved or recommended any competitive proposal, (iii) the Company
shall have entered into any agreement with respect to any competitive
proposal in accordance with Section 5.04(b) of this Agreement, or
(iv) shall have failed to call the Company Shareholders' Meeting in
accordance with Section 6.01 hereof;
(d) by either Parent or the Company if any Governmental Entity shall
have issued an order, decree or ruling or taken any other action permanently
enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting the Merger and such order,
decree or ruling or other action shall have become final and nonappealable;
PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the party seeking to terminate this Agreement under
this Section 8.01(d) shall have used its commercially reasonable efforts to
remove such injunction, order or decree;
(e) by Parent (i) as provided in Section 2.03(a)(i)(B) or (ii) in the
event of a breach by the Company of any representation, warranty, covenant
or other agreement contained in this Agreement which (A) would give rise to
the failure of a condition set forth in Section 7.02 and (B) cannot be or
has not been cured within 30 days after the giving by Parent of written
notice to the Company;
(f) by the Company (i) as provided in Section 2.03(a)(i)(A) or (ii) in
the event of a breach by Parent or Merger Sub of any representation,
warranty, covenant or agreement contained in this Agreement which (A) would
give rise to the failure of a condition set forth in Section 7.03 or
(B) cannot be or has not been cured within 30 days after the giving by the
Company of written notice to Parent or Merger Sub, as applicable; or
(g) by Parent or the Company if the shareholders of the Company do not
approve this Agreement at the Company Shareholders' Meeting or any
adjournment or postponement thereof.
SECTION 8.02 EFFECT OF TERMINATION. In the event of termination of this
Agreement by either the Company or Parent as provided in Section 8.01, this
Agreement shall forthwith become void and have no effect, without any liability
or obligation on the part of Parent, Merger Sub or the Company, other than the
provisions of Section 3.17, Section 4.15, Section 6.03, Section 6.06, this
Section 8.02 and Article IX, and except to the extent that such termination
results from the material breach by a party of any of its representations,
warranties, covenants or agreements set forth in this Agreement or for fraud.
SECTION 8.03 AMENDMENT. This Agreement may be amended by the parties at
any time before or after any required approval of this Agreement by the
shareholders of the Company; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that after any such approval,
there shall not be made any amendment that by law or in accordance with the
rules of any relevant stock exchange requires further approval by such
shareholders without the further approval of such shareholders. This Agreement
may not be amended except by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each
of the parties.
SECTION 8.04 EXTENSION; WAIVER. At any time prior to the Effective Time,
the parties may to the extent legally allowed (a) extend the time for the
performance of any of the obligations or other acts of the other parties,
(b) waive any inaccuracies in the representations and warranties contained in
this Agreement or in any document delivered pursuant to this Agreement or
(c) subject to the provision of Section 8.03, waive compliance with any of the
agreements or conditions contained in this
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<PAGE>
Agreement. Any agreement on the part of a party to any such extension or waiver
shall be valid only if set forth in any instrument in writing signed on behalf
of such party. The failure of any party to this Agreement to assert any of its
rights under this Agreement or otherwise shall not constitute a waiver of those
rights.
ARTICLE IX
GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 9.01 NONSURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS. None of the representations
and warranties in this Agreement or in any instrument delivered pursuant to this
Agreement shall survive the Effective Time. This Section 9.01 shall not limit
any covenant or agreement of the parties which by its terms contemplates
performance after the Effective Time.
SECTION 9.02 NOTICES. All notices, requests, claims, demands and other
communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed
given if delivered personally or sent by overnight courier (providing proof of
delivery), telecopy or enclosed in a properly sealed envelope, certified or
registered mail (postage and certification or registration prepaid) to the
parties at the following addresses (or at such address for a party as shall be
specified by like notice):
(a) if to Parent or Merger Sub, to:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.
10 Highway 35, P.O. Box 500
Red Bank, New Jersey 07701
Attention: Ara Hovnanian
Facsimile No.: (732) 747-7159
with copies to:
Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc.
10 Highway 35, P.O. Box 500
Red Bank, New Jersey 07701
Attention: Peter Reinhart
Facsimile No.: (732) 747-6835
Simpson, Thacher & Bartlett
425 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10017-3954
Attention: Vincent Pagano, Esq.
Facsimile No.: (212) 455-2502
(b) if to the Company, to:
Washington Homes, Inc.
1802 Brightseat Road
Landover, Maryland 20785-4235
Attention: Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr.
Facsimile No.: (301) 772-8934
with a copy to:
Duane, Morris & Heckscher LLP
1667 K Street, N.W., Suite 700
Washington, D.C. 20006-1608
Attention: John W. Griffin, Esq.
Facsimile No.: (202) 776-7801
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<PAGE>
Any such notice will be deemed to be given when received, if personally
delivered, sent by overnight delivery or sent by telecopy (during the
recipient's normal business hours), and, if mailed, five days after deposit in
the United States mail, properly addressed, with proper postage affixed. Any
party may change its address for purposes of notice by giving notice in
accordance with the provisions of this Section 9.02.
SECTION 9.03 DEFINITIONS. For purposes of this Agreement:
(a) an "AFFILIATE" of any person means another person that directly or
indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by,
or is under common control with, such first person;
(b) "BENEFICIAL OWNER" shall have the meaning under Section 13(d) of the
Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
(c) "BUSINESS DAY" means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday which is not a day on which national banking institutions in the
cities of Landover, Maryland or New York, New York are authorized or
obligated by law or executive order to be closed.
(d) "CONTROL" (including the terms "controlled by" and "under common
control with") means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to
direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person,
whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise;
(e) "KNOWLEDGE" or "KNOWN" means, with respect to the matter in
question, if any of the executive officers of the Company or Parent, as the
case may be, has after reasonable inquiry actual knowledge of such matter;
(f) "LIEN" means any encumbrance, hypothecation, infringement, lien,
mortgage, pledge, restriction, security interest, title retention or other
security arrangement, or any adverse right or interest, charge or claim of
any nature whatsoever of, on, or with respect to any asset, property or
property interest; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the term "lien" shall not include
(i) liens for water and sewer charges and current taxes not yet due and
payable without penalty or being contested in good faith, (ii) mechanics',
carriers', workers', repairers', materialmen's, warehousemen's and other
similar liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business or
(iii) all liens approved in writing by the other party hereto;
(g) "MATERIAL ADVERSE CHANGE" or "MATERIAL ADVERSE EFFECT" means, when
used in connection with the Company or Parent, any change, event,
occurrence, fact, circumstance or effect (or any development that, insofar
as can reasonably be foreseen, is likely to result in any change, event,
occurrence, fact, circumstance or effect) that is materially adverse to
(i) the business, operations, results of operations, properties, assets,
liabilities or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company or Parent,
as the case may be, and their respective subsidiaries taken as a whole or
(ii) would prevent or materially delay the ability of the Company or Parent
and their respective subsidiaries, as the case may be, to perform their
obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the Merger or other
transactions contemplated by this Agreement, other than a material adverse
change or material adverse effect resulting from (w) a change in laws, rules
or regulations of governmental agencies, (x) a change in United States
generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), or (y) a change or
occurrence affecting the homebuilding industry generally; and
(h) a "SUBSIDIARY" of any person means another person, an amount of the
voting securities, other voting ownership or voting partnership interests of
which is sufficient to elect at least a majority of its Board of Directors
or other governing body or managing member or partner (or, if there are no
such voting interests, 50% or more of the equity interests of which) is
owned directly or indirectly by such first person.
I-39
<PAGE>
SECTION 9.04 INTERPRETATION. When a reference is made in this Agreement to
a Section, an Article, Exhibit or Schedule, such reference shall be to a Section
or an Article of, or an Exhibit or Schedule to, this Agreement unless otherwise
indicated. The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are
for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning
interpretation of this Agreement. Whenever the words "include," "includes" or
"including" are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by
the words "without limitation."
SECTION 9.05 COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in one or more
counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and
shall become effective when one or more counterparts have been signed by each of
the parties and delivered to the other parties, it being understood that all
parties need not sign the same counterpart.
SECTION 9.06 ENTIRE AGREEMENT; THIRD-PARTY BENEFICIARIES. This Agreement
constitutes the entire agreement, and supersedes all prior agreements and
understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the
subject matter of this Agreement (PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that the provisions of the
Company Confidentiality Agreement and Parent Confidentiality Agreement shall
remain valid and in effect) and, except for the provisions of Section 6.11 and
Article II of which the shareholders of the Company shall be third-party
beneficiaries, is not intended to confer upon any person other than the parties
any rights or remedies hereunder.
SECTION 9.07 ASSIGNMENT. Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights,
interests or obligations under this Agreement shall be assigned, in whole or in
part, by operation of law or otherwise by any of the parties without the prior
written consent of the other parties. Subject to the preceding sentence, this
Agreement will be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by,
the parties and their respective successors and assigns.
SECTION 9.08 GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by, and
construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard
to any applicable conflicts of law, except to the extent that the MGCL and the
DGCL shall be held to govern the terms of the Merger.
SECTION 9.09 ENFORCEMENT. The parties agree that irreparable damage would
occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not
performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It
is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or
injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically
the terms and provisions of this Agreement in any court of the United States
located in the State of Maryland, New York or New Jersey or in Maryland, New
York or New Jersey state court, this being in addition to any other remedy to
which they are entitled at law or in equity. In addition, each of the parties
hereto (a) consents to submit itself to the personal jurisdiction of any federal
court located in the State of Maryland, New York or New Jersey or any Maryland,
New York or New Jersey state court in the event any dispute arises out of this
Agreement or any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, (b) agrees
that it will not attempt to deny or defeat such personal jurisdiction by motion
or other request for leave from any such court and (c) agrees that it will not
bring any action relating to this Agreement or any of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement in any court other than a federal or state court
sitting in the State of Maryland, New York or New Jersey.
SECTION 9.10 SEVERABILITY. If any term or other provision of this
Agreement is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any law or
public policy, all other terms and provisions of this Agreement shall
nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal
substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner
materially adverse to any party. Upon such determination that any term or other
provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the parties hereto
shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the
original intent of the parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in
order that the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated as originally
contemplated to the greatest extent possible.
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<PAGE>
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Parent, Merger Sub and the Company have caused this
Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized,
all as of the date first written above.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES, INC.
By: /s/ J. LARRY SORSBY
--------------------------------------
Name: J. Larry Sorsby
Title: SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
WHI HOLDING CO., INC.
By: /s/ J. LARRY SORSBY
--------------------------------------
Name: J. Larry Sorsby
Title: SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT AND
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
WASHINGTON HOMES, INC.
By: /s/ GEATON A. DECESARIS, JR.
--------------------------------------
Name: Geaton A. DeCesaris, Jr.
Title: PRESIDENT AND
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
</TABLE>
I-41
<PAGE>
ANNEX II
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C>
Wasserstein Perella & Co.,
[LOGO] Inc.
31 West 52nd Street
New York, New York 10019-6118
Telephone 212-969-2700
Fax 212-969-7836
</TABLE>
August 27, 2000
Board of Directors
Washington Homes, Inc.
1802 Brightseat Road
Landover, Maryland 20785
Members of the Board:
You have asked us to advise you with respect to the fairness, from a
financial point of view, to the shareholders of Washington Homes, Inc. (the
"Company") of the Consideration (as defined below) to be received pursuant to
the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 27, 2000 (the "Merger
Agreement"), among the Company, Hovnanian Enterprises, Inc., a Delaware
corporation ("Parent"), and WHI Holding Co., Inc., a Delaware corporation and a
wholly owned subsidiary of Parent ("Sub"). The Merger Agreement provides for,
among other things, a merger of the Company with and into Sub (the "Merger")
pursuant to which each outstanding share of common stock, par value $0.01 per
share, of the Company (other than any such shares held in the treasury of the
Company or owned by Parent, Sub or any other Subsidiary of Parent) will be
converted into the option to receive (i) 1.39 shares of class A common stock,
par value $0.01 per share, of Parent (the "Stock Consideration"), (ii) $10.08 in
cash (the "Cash Consideration"), or (iii) a combination of shares of class A
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Parent and cash (the "Partial Stock
and Partial Cash Consideration" and, together with the Stock Consideration and
the Cash Consideration, the "Consideration"). The terms and conditions of the
Merger are set forth in more detail in the Merger Agreement.
In connection with rendering our opinion, we have reviewed a draft of the
Merger Agreement, dated August 25, 2000, and for purposes hereof, we have
assumed that the final form of this document will not differ in any material
respect from the draft provided to us. We have also reviewed and analyzed
certain publicly available business and financial information relating to the
Company and Parent for recent years and interim periods to date, as well as
certain internal financial and operating information, including financial
forecasts, analyses and projections prepared by or on behalf of the Company and
Parent and provided to us for purposes of our analysis, and we have met with
management of the Company and Parent to review and discuss such information and,
among other matters, each of the Company and Parent's business, operations,
assets, financial condition and future prospects.
We have reviewed and considered certain financial and stock market data
relating to the Company and Parent, and we have compared that data with similar
data for certain other companies, the securities of which are publicly traded,
that we believe may be relevant or comparable in certain respects to the Company
and Parent or one or more of their respective businesses or assets, and we have
reviewed and considered the financial terms of certain recent acquisitions and
business combination transactions in the homebuilding industry that we believe
to be reasonably comparable to the Merger or otherwise relevant to our inquiry.
We have also performed such other financial studies, analyses, and
investigations and reviewed such other information as we considered appropriate
for purposes of this opinion.
<PAGE>
Board of Directors
Washington Homes, Inc.
August 27, 2000
Page 2
In our review and analysis and in formulating our opinion, we have assumed
and relied upon the accuracy and completeness of all the historical financial
and other information provided to or discussed with us or publicly available,
and we have not assumed any responsibility for independent verification of any
of such information. We have also assumed and relied upon the reasonableness and
accuracy of the financial projections, forecasts and analyses provided to us,
and we have assumed that such projections, forecasts and analyses were
reasonably prepared in good faith and on bases reflecting the best currently
available judgments and estimates of the Company's and Parent's management. We
express no opinion with respect to such projections, forecasts and analyses or
the assumptions upon which they are based. In addition, we have not reviewed any
of the books and records of the Company or Parent, or assumed any responsibility
for conducting a physical inspection of the properties or facilities of the
Company or Parent, or for making or obtaining an independent valuation or
appraisal of the assets or liabilities of the Company or Parent, and no such
independent valuation or appraisal was provided to us. We note that the Merger
is intended to qualify as a tax-free reorganization for United States federal
income tax purposes, and we have assumed that the Merger will so qualify. We
have assumed that the transactions described in the Merger Agreement will be
consummated without waiver or modification of any of the material terms or
conditions contained therein by any party thereto. Our opinion is necessarily
based on economic and market conditions and other circumstances as they exist
and can be evaluated by us as of the date hereof. We are not expressing any
opinion herein as to the prices at which any securities of Parent or the Company
will actually trade at any time.
In the ordinary course of our business, we may actively trade the debt and
equity securities of the Company and Parent for our own account and for the
accounts of customers and, accordingly, may at any time hold a long or short
position in such securities.
We are acting as financial advisor to the Company in connection with the
proposed Merger and will receive a fee for our services, a significant portion
of which is contingent upon the consummation of the Merger.
Our opinion addresses only the fairness from a financial point of view to
the shareholders of the Company of the Consideration provided for pursuant to
the Merger Agreement, and we do not express any views on any other term of the
Merger. Specifically, our opinion does not address the Company's underlying
business decision to effect the transactions contemplated by the Merger
Agreement.
This letter is for the benefit and use of the Board of Directors of the
Company in its consideration of the Merger and, except for inclusion in its
entirety in any registration statement or proxy statement required to be
circulated to shareholders of the Company and Parent relating to the Merger, may
not be quoted, referred to or reproduced at any time or in any manner without
our prior written consent. This opinion does not constitute a recommendation to
any shareholder or as to how such holder should vote with respect to the Merger
or whether such holder should elect to receive the Stock Consideration, the Cash
Consideration or the Partial Stock Consideration and Partial Cash Consideration,
and should not be relied upon by any shareholder as such.
II-2
<PAGE>
Board of Directors
Washington Homes, Inc.
August 27, 2000
Page 3
Based upon and subject to the foregoing, including the various assumptions
and limitations set forth herein, it is our opinion that as of the date hereof
the Consideration to be received pursuant to the Merger Agreement is fair to the
shareholders of the Company from a financial point of view.
Very truly yours,
WASSERSTEIN PERELLA & CO., INC.
[SIG]
II-3
