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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 10-K/A
(MARK ONE)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED: DECEMBER 31, 1999
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM __________ TO __________ .
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER
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CRITICAL PATH, INC.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
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CALIFORNIA 911788300
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NUMBER)
320 FIRST STREET, 94105
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA (ZIP CODE)
(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
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REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (415) 808-8800
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT: NONE
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(G) OF THE ACT: COMMON STOCK
(TITLE OF CLASS)
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
Registrant was approximately $3,757,912,930 as of March 15, 2000 based on the
closing price of the Common Stock as reported on The Nasdaq Stock Market for
that date. There were 57,932,617 shares of the Registrant's Common Stock issued
and outstanding on March 15, 2000.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain sections of Critical Path, Inc.'s definitive Proxy Statement for
the 2000 Annual Meeting of Stockholders anticipated to be held on June 6, 2000
are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K/A to the extent
stated herein.
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CRITICAL PATH, INC.
INDEX
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PAGE
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PART I
Item 1. Business.......................................... 3
Risk Factors.................................... 21
Item 2. Properties........................................ 30
Item 3. Legal............................................. 30
Item 4. Submission of Notes to a Vote of Security 31
Holders...................................................
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related 32
Stockholder Matters...............................
Item 6. Selected Financial Data........................... 34
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial 35
Condition and Results of Operations...............
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About 51
Market Risk.......................................
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplemental Data........ 51
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on 51
Accounting and Financial Disclosure...............
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the 52
Registrant................................................
Item 11. Executive Compensation............................ 56
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners 58
and Management....................................
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Party 60
Transactions..............................................
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and 63
Reports on Form 8-K...............................
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein by
reference contain forward-looking statements that have been made pursuant to the
provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These
forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates and
projections about our industry, management's beliefs, and certain assumptions
made by management. Words such as "anticipates," "expects," "intends," "plans,"
"believes," "seeks" and "estimates" and similar expressions are intended to
identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of
future performance and actual actions or results may differ materially. These
statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are
difficult to predict, including those noted in the documents incorporated herein
by reference. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking
statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless
required by law. Readers should, however, carefully review the risk factors
included in other reports or documents filed by us from time to time with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, particularly the Quarterly Reports on Form
10-Q.
COMPANY OVERVIEW
We are a leading provider of complete end-to-end Internet messaging and
collaboration solutions for Internet service providers or ISPs,
telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web portals and
corporations. We provide services and products, both on a hosted and licensed
basis, that enable our customers to provide feature-rich email, messaging,
collaboration and directory services to their customers and employees. Our
allsourcing strategy provides flexibility to our customers by giving them the
option of using our Critical Path hosted services, licensing our software to run
on their own hardware, or selecting a combination of both. Our solutions enable
customers to improve messaging performance, reduce the cost of providing
messaging services and focus on other aspects of their businesses.
We have over 2,000 customers and reach over 55 million end-users and 20
million wireless devices through our customer relationships. Our customers
include leading Internet companies such as AltaVista, E*TRADE, ICQ (a subsidiary
of America Online) and Netscape as well traditional enterprises such as General
Electric, Proctor & Gamble and Promus Hotel Corporation. International customers
include Avantel, British Telecommunications, Cable and Wireless, Eircell, Global
Telesystems Group, Korea Telecom, Sina and Starmedia. In addition, we have a
number of relationships to expand our distribution channels with companies such
as British Telecommunications, Compuserve (a subsidiary of American Online),
France Telecom, MCI Worldcom, Mitsui, Network Solutions, NTT, Qwest
Communications, Sprint, US West and VeriSign.
There are a number of trends that are driving demand for messaging and
collaboration solutions. Email has broadened from a simple messaging tool to a
widely accepted form of communication. At the same time, the complexity of
individual messages and the scale of the supporting applications and hardware
are growing dramatically, forcing businesses to dedicate significant resources
to the operation and maintenance of their messaging systems. In addition,
customers are increasingly demanding reliable and scalable service and enhanced
product offerings. Accordingly, it is important for businesses to adopt more
effective approaches to the management of their messaging and collaboration
needs.
Our end-to-end solutions complement our core email hosting services and
support the growing demands of our rapidly expanding worldwide customer base. We
provide a full spectrum of messaging and collaboration solutions, such as
calendaring, document archival, Internet fax, secure document delivery, resource
management and wireless access. Our solutions are supported by our global
infrastructure with data centers located worldwide connected to key Internet
exchange points.
In recent months, we have significantly expanded our range of products and
services and the delivery options we offer our domestic and international
customers. Our extended messaging solutions include support for wireless devices
through relationships with American Mobile Satellite, Arch Communications,
Cellnet, VAST and other international wireless carriers; integrated calendaring
and resource scheduling; bi-directional
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fax to email; and security measures and directory services. In addition to our
outsourced hosted services, we now offer midsourcing, where a customer selects
which products and services to outsource to augment their existing messaging
infrastructure, and insourcing, where a customer installs and maintains our
software.
Our objective is to be the premier provider of comprehensive, advanced
messaging and collaboration services. We plan to attain this goal by:
- Extending our technology leadership in messaging applications;
- Acquiring new businesses and technologies that could expand our product
and service offerings;
- Developing and leveraging strategic relationships;
- Increasing our sales and marketing efforts;
- Offering value-added products and services such as secure guaranteed
delivery, collaborative messaging and calendaring; and
- Expanding our international presence.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
To achieve our objectives, we have announced several recent acquisitions
and strategic relationships that have expanded our range of products and
customers and broadened our global reach, including:
docSpace Acquisition. On March 8, 2000, we acquired The docSpace Company, a
provider of Web-based enhanced delivery services. The total purchase price was
valued at approximately $300 million in our common stock and cash. docSpace
provides services for businesses to send, store and collaborate on their
important files securely via encryption technologies from anywhere in the world.
ISOCOR Acquisition. On January 19, 2000, we acquired ISOCOR for common
stock valued at approximately $274 million. The acquisition enables us to
provide directory and meta-directory services to connect disparate database
applications and to overcome incompatibilities across the corporate enterprise.
Customers such as IBM, Proctor & Gamble and Netscape use our directory products
to connect databases, email directories, online ordering systems and proprietary
groupware systems, enabling the organizations to provide accurate, up-to-date
information to employees, customers and trading partners.
FaxNet Acquisition. On December 6, 1999, we acquired FaxNet Corporation, a
provider of Internet fax and messaging solutions and a leading outsource
supplier of enhanced fax and integrated messaging solutions. The total purchase
price was approximately $199 million, and consisted of shares of our common
stock and cash. FaxNet has attracted customers such as Ameritech, Ariba, Bell
Atlantic, Bell South, MediaOne Group, Qwest, Time Warner's Road Runner and US
West, by providing branded, private label, turnkey solutions.
RemarQ Acquisition. On January 28, 2000, we announced the signing of a
definitive agreement to acquire RemarQ Communities Inc., a provider of
customized, collaborative message boards for business use. The total purchase
price will be approximately $267 million in our common stock. The acquisition,
which is expected to close on or before March 31, 2000, will enable us to offer
products that allow customers to hold online discussions over extranets,
intranets, or the Internet. Message boards are an ideal environment for
knowledge exchange and team collaboration.
Critical Path Pacific Alliance. We have signed a memorandum of
understanding to enter into a joint venture with Mitsui and Co, Ltd. and NTT
Communications Corp. to bring our messaging solutions to Japan. The joint
venture will leverage our technology, infrastructure and services; Mitsui's
extensive partnerships in Japan and throughout Asia; and NTT's Data Centers and
technical backbone to deliver advanced Internet messaging services to the
Japanese business and wireless markets.
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INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
Growth of Messaging. Email has broadened from a simple personal messaging
tool to a strategic business tool. According to International Data Corporation,
or IDC, there were approximately 315 million electronic mailboxes worldwide as
of July 1999, and this number is expected to grow to over 750 million electronic
mailboxes by 2005. IDC estimates that 1.4 trillion emails are sent annually.
Email messages have increased in volume and functionality, and this trend is
expected to continue. For example, email is expected to become a major vehicle
for e-commerce transactions. Forrester Research predicts that the typical online
consumer will participate in eight to ten commerce-related exchanges via email
per week by 2001. Furthermore, the electronic mailbox as a locating and
delivering device has enabled additional applications such as directory
services, scheduling, document sharing, work-flow and unified messaging. This
increased functionality, along with the widespread acceptance of email,
positions the electronic mailbox as a platform for other forms of electronic
messaging.
Growth of Wireless Messaging. The number of devices on which people can
access Internet messaging is growing sharply. Many wireless phones, pagers,
Personal Digital Assistants and other devices now have access to email and other
forms of Internet messaging. IDC forecasts that there will be approximately one
billion wireless handsets in 2003, roughly double the number of Internet-enabled
computers expected to be in use. Nokia and Ericsson both assert that all new
wireless phones manufactured in 2001 and later will provide Internet access.
Current Trends in Messaging. As the importance of messaging grows,
customers increasingly expect their messaging service to meet the same standards
of carrier-class reliability and availability that consumers have traditionally
received from their telephone service providers. For example, customers expect
reliability from their messaging service similar to the dial tone they hear when
they pick up the telephone. Similarly, customers want access to their messages
to be as ubiquitous as their telephone access by being able to download their
email from anywhere in the world, at anytime and through a variety of devices.
Just as many individuals have multiple phone numbers for home and business use,
a growing number of people have multiple email accounts. As a result, domain
names, which are the Internet identities that correlate to unique electronic
addresses, such as [email protected], are proliferating. Companies use multiple
domains to build awareness of their brands in electronic communication, and
individuals increasingly use domains to express personal identity.
To address this growth, a wide range of businesses, including ISPs,
telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web portals and
corporations, are finding that providing their customers or employees with email
access is a necessity. ISPs, web hosting companies and telecommunications
providers offer email to enhance their services offerings and to maintain
competitiveness with other companies in their industry. Many web portals offer
email service to increase web traffic on their sites and strengthen their brand
due to repeat traffic from users checking for messages. In addition,
corporations increasingly view email as a means to decrease costs and increase
productivity.
Email messages have increased not only in volume but also in complexity and
functionality. The use of enhanced messaging services such as graphics,
multimedia elements, fax attachments and secure delivery is becoming more common
and requires greater functionality on the part of the messaging service to
process and deliver these messages. As organizations and the numbers of users
grow, the ability to accommodate thousands, or millions, of additional mailboxes
in a single domain requires substantial investments in hardware, software and
personnel. Further, in the largest email implementations, such as ISPs or web
portals, the design architecture must handle complex networking and scale issues
across many domains. Web organizations that implement and host multiple domains
for customers incur substantial additional expenses because of the complexity
associated with hosting multiple domains. There is no unified email service
standard, and online service providers must continually enhance and maintain
email applications for existing standards, as well as seek to develop new
features and functionality for emerging standards. For example, LDAP is an
emerging standard that is the foundation for adding additional applications to
login and access features of email service. Moreover, ISPs and corporations
running their own email must make substantial
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investments in backup systems and networking equipment if they are to meet the
growing expectation of email service with carrier-class access, availability and
reliability.
Today, most organizations are using internal hardware and software
solutions to address their email needs. Many companies attempting to manage
expanding and increasingly sophisticated email systems lack the resources and
expertise to cost-effectively implement, maintain, scale, enhance and service
the hardware and software components of an email system. Businesses often find
it difficult to implement state-of-the-art technology in their own
infrastructure and individuals with the expertise to maintain a sophisticated
email system can be scarce and costly to hire, train and retain. As a result,
organizations seeking to lower their costs and to quicken time to market with
complex technologies are increasingly looking to outsource non-core competencies
to maintain competitiveness.
Another trend in messaging is the growing diversity and importance of
sourcing options. Gartner Group forecasts that 65% of corporations will
outsource some or all of their messaging by 2001. The Radicatti Group estimates
the market size for outsourced messaging will exceed $6 billion in 2003.
Outsourced messaging services require specialized technology that can handle
additional functionality, such as directory synchronization.
THE CRITICAL PATH SOLUTION
Critical Path delivers advanced messaging and collaboration solutions to
ISPs, telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web portals and
corporations, giving them the ability to provide feature-rich email, messaging
and directory services to their customers and employees. Critical Path's
products and services are designed to provide the following key benefits:
Focus. Critical Path's customers benefit from the company's depth of
expertise in many areas of advanced Internet messaging. Messaging has become the
number one business communication tool, making it mission-critical for many
companies. Yet messaging technology and the demands of users have become more
complex with the advent of integrated email, fax, voice and calendaring.
Critical Path delivers access to industry-leading solutions regardless of
whether a customer chooses to outsource their messaging needs to Critical Path
or license its software to manage their messaging needs in-house.
Lower total cost of ownership. Critical Path's outsourcing customers do not
need to lease, buy or continually upgrade existing hardware and software, or
recruit and retain systems engineers and administrative personnel for their
messaging services. Critical Path's service is designed to reduce customers'
administrative burden by eliminating the cycle of purchasing, installing,
testing, debugging and deploying messaging systems. The software is maintained
at Critical Path's facilities, not at customers' facilities, and Critical Path
employs a team of systems administrators to monitor the service 24 hours a day,
seven days a week. By having the capability to host millions of mailboxes,
Critical Path's hosted service provides customers with cost savings over
in-house messaging solutions through economies of scale.
Scalability; reliability. Critical Path's hosted and licensed systems are
designed to facilitate scalability and reliability. While existing competitive
email software solutions can scale to support millions of users at a single
domain ([email protected]), Critical Path has designed its hosted architecture to
support its service over hundreds of millions of mailboxes across millions of
domains ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], etc.), allowing
each customer to create email addresses at his or her own domain. Critical
Path's hardware and software infrastructure consists of multiple servers running
software in a manner that balances the use of the servers without dedicating any
server to a specific domain or mailbox. This infrastructure allows multiple
domain hosting while reducing the amount of required equipment and capacity.
Critical Path has created a global network strategy to provide the type of
continuous service that individuals have come to expect from their telephone and
other utility service providers. Critical Path provides its customers improved
performance through its multiple peering relationships, agreements with
companies with existing peering relationships and the purchase of additional
access to telecommunication paths from national Internet access providers.
Critical Path maintains six data centers in the United States and two data
centers in Europe. Critical Path plans to open an additional data center in
Asia.
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Leading-edge technology. Critical Path provides customers with access to
advanced technologies through both outsourced, midsourced and insourced delivery
mechanisms. Critical Path's outsourced messaging solutions eliminate the need
for customers and partners to maintain a core competency in advanced messaging
by having experts with experience in rapidly deploying new technologies,
combating system failures due to unsolicited commercial email traffic and
maintaining network and system security. Critical Path's products and services
include webmail, POP3, IMAP4 and hosted groupware, fax and directory systems,
which enable customers to choose messaging solutions that meet their needs.
Critical Path also delivers wireless access, integrated calendars, security and
other complex features. Critical Path's technological capabilities enable it to
quickly implement competitive new technologies for its customers and end-users,
reducing their time to market for leading technologies.
Critical Path's server software has been designed to provide high
performance while reducing hardware requirements. This has been achieved through
a design methodology that eliminates the overhead of protocol layering and
reduces the number of computer instructions required to perform common
operations. The design also reduces the risk that messages will be lost or will
not be duplicated in the event of external system breakdowns, such as loss of
power or hardware failures. This promotes high reliability of the electronic
information exchange and allows Internet service providers to utilize the
software to offer email services to their customers.
Anytime, anywhere accessibility. Critical Path has designed its services to
allow easy access by customers and end-users. Designed and built on open
Internet-based standards, Critical Path's services are compatible with leading
desktop software such as Microsoft Outlook, Netscape Messenger and Qualcomm's
Eudora. In addition, it has developed a web-based email interface that is
compatible with leading web browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer and
Netscape Navigator. Critical Path's services are designed to allow
administrators and end-users to access their email system anywhere at any time,
providing end-users with the means to send and receive messages to and from
mobile phones, pagers and other wireless devices. Critical Path has recently
entered into relationships with wireless service providers to deliver email and
messaging access to digital wireless phones and pagers.
Enhanced security. Critical Path has created a custom firewall solution to
enhance network and data center security for its hosted services. Using a
combination of licensed software technology, internally developed software and
sophisticated third-party hardware, Critical Path reduces the potential for
network breaches. Critical Path has network and data center surveillance 24
hours a day, seven days a week to identify and curtail potential security
breaches. In addition, Critical Path provides secure document delivery services
and digital certificates for greater messaging security. For its hosted
services, Critical Path also provides a secure software interface to mailbox
account provisioning that allows customers to integrate their existing
functionality with Critical Path's email system. This enables customers to add
and delete accounts and functionality either at the domain level or at the
individual end-user level over an encrypted connection.
Branding; customer control. Critical Path's messaging service solution
enables its customers to maintain brand control by allowing graphical user
interfaces to be branded uniquely for each customer. Critical Path is, and will
continue to be, the brand behind the brand. Critical Path's fully customized
web-based "brandable" email product interface includes customer logos and
preserves the existing "look and feel" of the customers' brands. Critical Path's
web-based, brandable, mail administration center is designed to give customers
control of their mail accounts via a secure web-based interface.
STRATEGY
Critical Path's objective is to be the premier provider of comprehensive,
advanced Internet messaging and collaborative services. Critical Path plans to
attain this goal by pursuing the following key strategies:
Extend Technology Leadership in Messaging Applications. Critical Path
intends to continue expanding its ability to deliver industry-leading
functionality in all areas of electronic messaging. Building upon its
Internet-based messaging architecture, Critical Path plans to continue to
deliver industry-leading functionality, capabilities and new applications that
will extend the core functionality of email and Internet messaging, support
wireless devices, and provide secure delivery and cost-effective resource
management. Critical Path's
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development team regularly meets with customers and participates in research
projects with leading industry groups and analysts to anticipate future customer
needs. Critical Path also participates in open standards organizations and
Internet technology leadership groups, such as the Internet Engineering Task
Force.
Acquire New Businesses and Technologies. Critical Path evaluates
opportunities with respect to possible acquisitions of businesses or
technologies on an ongoing basis. Critical Path will continue to seek
acquisitions that will complement its current and planned business activities.
Critical Path has a dual strategy in pursuing acquisitions. First, Critical Path
plans to focus on target companies in its market with large numbers of customers
which will enable it to expand its customer base. Second, Critical Path will
evaluate companies that help it augment its service and product offerings for
customers. In addition, these value-added services and products may be used by
customers not using Critical Path's messaging service to enhance the
functionality of their messaging solutions.
Develop and Leverage Strategic Relationships. Critical Path intends to
expand its marketing and distribution channels through strategic relationships
with key ISPs, telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web portals
and corporations to increase quickly the number of its end-users. Critical
Path's strategic partners include British Telecommunications, Compuserve,
E*TRADE, France Telecom, ICQ (a subsidiary of America Online), MCI Worldcom,
Mitsui, Netscape, Network Solutions, NTT, Quest Communications, Sprint, US West
and VeriSign. Critical Path intends to further develop new and existing
strategic relationships to expand its distribution channels and to undertake
joint product development and marketing efforts, such as integrating its
messaging services into e-commerce applications.
Increase Sales and Marketing Efforts. Critical Path intends to continue to
expand its sales and marketing activities while focusing on five target markets:
ISPs, telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web portals and
corporations. In this expansion, Critical Path plans to target and hire seasoned
sales professionals with specific expertise and contacts within its focused
markets. Critical Path also intends to expand its indirect sales channel by
teaming with additional leading distributors, resellers and system integrators
with strong backgrounds and market presence. As of March 15, 2000, Critical Path
had 243 sales and marketing personnel.
Offer Value-Added Services. Critical Path intends to continue to extend its
messaging services by offering additional value-added services. These services
are intended to extend Critical Path's relationships with current customers, to
attract new customers and to allow it to differentiate itself in the messaging
market. Critical Path believes that its messaging technology can continue to
form the foundation of a wide range of Internet messaging applications for which
it intends to provide solutions.
Expand International Presence. In addition to expanding its U.S. presence,
Critical Path believes there is substantial opportunity for outsourcing
messaging services in non-U.S. markets. Critical Path intends to further develop
its worldwide sales offices, data centers and strategic relationships. Critical
Path currently has operations in Argentina, Brazil, Denmark, France, Germany,
Ireland, Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. In addition, Critical Path
supports its worldwide operations by offering localized web-based application
interfaces. For example, Critical Path has already developed web-based
application interfaces in 15 languages and dialects and has recently signed a
memorandum of understanding for a joint venture in Japan.
SERVICES AND PRODUCTS
Critical Path offers its messaging solutions through both outsourced
services, where Critical Path hosts the software on its servers, and insourced
server software packages, where the customer licenses software to run on its own
servers. In addition, a customer may choose to midsource, a combination of
outsourced and insourced solutions. Critical Path believes its combination of
outsourcing and insourcing options delivers unique value to customers by
providing continuity of relationship and technology across a variety of
offerings and user populations.
Messaging Services. Critical Path offers many messaging services to ISPs,
telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web portals and
corporations. Its "all-in" service model pricing includes all
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enhancements, upgrades and new standard features. Pricing for email and other
hosted messaging services generally is based on a per mailbox, per month charge
that varies depending on functionality and volume. Web portal market pricing
also may include a share of revenue generated by advertising on the web-based
email interface. Critical Path offers a flexible suite of messaging services.
The standard email service offering includes its basic services such as POP3 and
webmail as part of the monthly mailbox fee. The premium services are optional
add-ons to the basic mailbox charge and are offered for an additional fee.
Critical Path's service offerings includes web-based end-user support.
Additional support through customer help desks is provided 24 hours a day, seven
days a week by contractual agreement. Professional implementation and
transitioning support for new customers is also included in the basic offering.
Critical Path has introduced to market a variety of messaging services.
Information concerning Critical Path's current products and services is
summarized in the following table:
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TARGET
SERVICE DESCRIPTION BENEFITS MARKETS
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CORE MAIL SERVICES
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Web-Based - Hosting service based on a web - Requires no software downloads All
Email mail interface or configurations
- End-users simply point any
browser to
http://mail.userdomain.com and
enter account name and password
for full email access
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POP3 Hosting - Hosting service based on Post - Allows users to connect to a All
Office Protocol shared mail server and download
email to their desktop client
(Microsoft Outlook, Eudora),
which stores the message on the
user's hard drive.
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IMAP4 Hosting - Hosting service that bridges the - Email messages and files hosted All
gap between POP3 functionality and on an IMAP server can be
web based email accessibility manipulated from multiple email
based on Internet mail access environments without the need
protocol to transfer data
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Web-Based - Mail Administration Center (MAC) - Allows email administrators to All
Administration has Secure Socket Layer-based add, delete and modify accounts
brandable web interface online
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Localization - Web mail interface in 15 - Allows display of web-based All
languages, both romance and double email interface in foreign
byte languages and transfer and
storage of messages containing
single-byte and double-byte
message data
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Secure - Secure delivery of documents - Reliably and securely delivers Corporate
Delivery documents to only the intended
recipient
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<TABLE>
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TARGET
SERVICE DESCRIPTION BENEFITS MARKETS
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Spam Blocking/ - Utilizes comprehensive filtering - Protects users from unsolicited All
UBE system bulk email, commonly referred
Filtering to as "spam" or "junk mail"
- Identifies and eliminates spam
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Virus Scanning - Provides virus scanning - Detects and cleans messages Corporate
before they are transmitted or
received
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Directory - Common directory layer to share - Search capabilities All
Services information between various - End-users can update their own
(LDAP) independent software applications directory entries, and domain
- LDAP services allow publishing of administrators can update, add
directory information for user and delete entries
communities - Key component of many
collaborative applications such
as certified delivery and
calendaring
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Directory - Synchronizes multiple messaging - Keeps multiple messaging Corporate
Synchroni- directories systems up-to-date with new or
zation deleted users
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COLLABORATION SERVICES
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Integrated - Online calendars integrated with - Integrates scheduling function All
Calendaring CP Web Mail that allow customers with the ability to access the
to post events to shared calendars user's schedule and those of
for end users colleagues. Provides end users
with sophisticated scheduling
functionality
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Groupware - Off-premises hosting of Microsoft - Delivers full groupware Corporate
Hosting Exchange capabilities for a predictable
monthly fee without
administrative headaches
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Resource - Schedule shared resources and - Increases productivity and Corporate
Management manage utilization return on assets through higher
utilization
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WIRELESS SERVICES
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Wireless Email - Forwarding & filtering - Allows customers to access All
Access capabilities their email messages from any
wireless device
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Wireless SMS - Two way SMS Messaging - Gateway for SMS Messaging All
Messaging
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<TABLE>
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TARGET
SERVICE DESCRIPTION BENEFITS MARKETS
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FAX SERVICES
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Never Busy Fax - Similar to call waiting, but for - Faxes are stored on the server Telecom
faxing instead of phoning until the destination fax Providers
machine or line is available
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Fax Mailbox - Receive, redirect, and archive - Remotely access important Telecom
faxes messages, any place, any time Providers
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Broadcast Fax - User sends fax and list of - Disseminate faxes quickly and Telecom
recipients for outsourced delivery easily Providers
by fax
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fax Request - Outbound demand fax - Users can post a document for Telecom
access by customers or partners Providers
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fax to Email - Receive faxes in your email - No need for additional hardware All
and never miss a fax
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FaxMission - Print driver allows users to send - User has control of broadcasts All
Desktop Fax faxes from any Windows application from the desktop, never needs
Software to leave the application in
which a document is created
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Email to Fax - Send faxes from any email client - Never leave email and no All
additional software to maintain
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Web Fax - Send faxes from a web interface - Never leave the Internet site, All
no need for email or software
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MESSAGING UTILITIES
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Telex - Enables customers to send and - Provides simplicity, security Corporate
receive Telex messages from their and speed
current LAN-based email system
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
X.400 - Enables every user to send and - Savings, simplicity, security Corporate
receive X.400 messages and and speed
attachments
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMTP Gateway - Gateway to Internet from LAN-based - Provides Internet access to Corporate
Services mail systems users of proprietary systems
who would otherwise not be able
to mail to others outside their
Local Area Network
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
</TABLE>
Message Server Products. N-PLEX, Critical Path's Internet server product,
provides robust message management, administrative control and secure message
transfer to the SMTP, POP3 and IMAP4 standards.
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Security holes are greatly reduced by the proprietary design, and authenticated
login facilities have been added using encryption technology to prevent
unauthorized access to the mail systems.
The N-PLEX Management Center manages Critical Path's insourced message
server products, providing the high level of service necessary for implementing
mission-critical electronic information exchange. The N-PLEX Management Center
performs remote management of components over TCP/IP, thereby allowing the
administrator to manage multiple sites simultaneously from a central management
station. The management facilities include remote configuration, routing
configuration, fault notification, performance monitoring, system management and
message tracking.
Directory Products. As systems increase in size and complexity,
organizations increasingly need to implement a central repository for the
information required to communicate across systems. The Global Directory Server,
or GDS, Critical Path's directory product, is designed to store and disseminate
information on both a wide area and local area basis. This information may
include email addresses and cryptographic material for digital signatures and
message confidentiality that are used invisibly by client software, as well as
information that users may access directly, such as telephone numbers, fax
numbers, physical mail addresses and pictures. The directory allows efficient
and rapid updating of this information for use at diverse locations, reducing
errors and saving the time and personnel resources required to maintain and
distribute this data. This distributed application architecture allows system
managers to optimize the location of information so that information required
locally is on the local server, while users continue to have transparent access
to information on any other server in the network.
MetaConnect, Critical Path's meta-directory product, is designed to unify
data for effective intranet and Internet use, enabling an organization to
provide employees, customers and trading partners accurate, updated information
from existing data sources. This product manages the connections to disparate
directories and applications databases and joins the information together in one
meta-directory, which can be centrally managed as a unified resource across the
enterprise. The product is designed to use most existing LDAP v3 directory
servers, including Microsoft Active Directory, Netscape Directory Server,
Novell's NDS and Critical Path Global Directory Server.
Calendaring and Scheduling Server Products. Critical Path's EventCenter
calendaring solution is designed for enterprises and portals who need to
communicate many complex events and programs. Using a web browser, managers
create program calendars. Viewers can choose a rolled-up view of multiple
calendars, a single calendar view, or the details of a single event. EventCenter
creates a single source of program and event information for more-informed
planning and streamlined coordination.
Critical Path's resource management solution, Reserve and Mobilize, help
customers reduce costs and increase efficiency through the improved utilization
of resources and workspace. Critical Path's solutions are typically used for
asset management and space utilization by large, Fortune 1000 companies, such as
Arthur Andersen, AT&T, IBM, KPMG, Pitney Bowes and State Farm Insurance. Reserve
automates the scheduling of shared corporate resources. Using a web browser and
corporate intranet, any authorized user can quickly and easily check on
availability and schedule a desired resource. Reserve Services standardizes and
automates the service request process throughout the enterprise. Using a web
browser and corporate intranet, users can place requests for services, which are
then delivered directly to the service provider. Mobilize automates the
reservation and coordination processes for shared workspaces. Using a web
browser and corporate intranet, incoming mobile workers can select and locate
their workspaces, route phone lines and arrange for needed equipment.
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CUSTOMERS
Critical Path currently offers advanced messaging and collaboration
products and services to millions of end users across its target markets. The
following is a list of various representative companies with whom Critical Path
has service or product agreements within their respective categories.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS WEB PORTALS
-------------------------- -----------
<S> <C>
AGIS Alta Vista
Belgacom Ancestry.com
British Telecom Asia Mail
Compuserve E*TRADE
DSL Networks Raging Bull
France Telecom Sina
Infostrada Starmedia
Isp.net The Password (a division of Password
Korea Telecom Internet Publishing)
NetConX The Zone Network
Satyam Third Age Media
Surfree.com WorldSport
US Online Network
WNC Net CORPORATIONS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS PROVIDERS Bank Law Services
Black & Decker
Ameritech California Family Health Council
AT&T Chevron
Avantel Continental Airlines
Bell Atlantic Deloitte & Touche
BellSouth Dow
British Telecom Ernst & Young
GTS General Electric
MCI Worldcom KPMG Peat Marwick
Qwest Minolta
Sprint Mobil
US West New York Life
PeoplePC
WEB HOSTING COMPANIES Pitney Bowes
Proctor & Gamble
123 India Promus Hotel Corporation
CardSecure Siemens
Data2 Info SmithKline Beecham
Navisite State Farm Insurance
Network Solutions
TABNet
Tonic Domains Corporation
True Media Solutions
Ultima Networks
</TABLE>
TARGET MARKETS
Critical Path targets customers in the following distinct target markets:
ISPs, telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web portals and
corporations.
Internet Service Providers. ISPs are companies that provide access to the
Internet. Email and other messaging services have become an integral part of ISP
service offerings. ISPs provide service via dial-up and ISDN as well as
dedicated private-line hookups. Many ISPs offer free home-page hosting to
members at the
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<PAGE> 14
ISP's domain name, for example, www.ispname.com/-username. Some ISPs are also
providing commercial web hosting, hosting sites at a domain name registered by
the user. ISPs serve large and small companies by providing a direct connection
from the companies' networks to the Internet.
Telecommunications Providers. Telecommunications providers add advanced
Internet messaging solutions to their connectivity and data management offerings
to increase value and retain customers. Telecommunications providers desire both
a broad set of features and functionality as well as a selection of insourced,
outsourced and midsourced delivery mechanisms.
Web Hosting Companies. Web hosting companies offer corporate customers and
individual consumers hosting of their website on a commercial web server, at a
unique domain registered to the customer. In addition, web hosting companies are
increasingly offering web design, domain name registration service and messaging
services to their customers. Critical Path believes that most business customers
are looking for a full-service web hosting company that can provide domain name
registration, basic website services and enhanced website services including
e-commerce and messaging.
Web Portals. Web portals include online communities, search engines and
applications that offer a one-stop source of information to a broad range of
users and vertical portals, such as E*TRADE, which cater to the needs of a
specific audience. The goal of portal sites is to develop a sense of community
to draw large online audiences, encourage repeat visits, and keep users engaged.
Portals are accomplishing this by providing users with value-rich content and
services such as search engines, access to applications and services, free
individual homepages and email and other forms of advanced messaging.
Corporations. Email and other messaging services have become a
mission-critical application for businesses. In addition, the ability to access
Internet-based email from outside the office has added to its appeal and utility
for corporations. A large percentage of the corporate market's email is supplied
internally by LAN mail systems. Companies are struggling with aging LAN-based
systems designed in the late 1980s and early 1990s when email was used on a much
more casual basis and by a smaller user population.
WIRELESS RELATIONSHIPS
Critical Path's technology supports one-way and two-way messaging services
to up to 20 million wireless devices and is one of the only companies able to
provide end-users with the means to send and receive messages to and from mobile
phones, paging and other wireless devices. Critical Path has established
relationships with companies such as American Mobile Satellite, Arch
Communications, Debitel, FCR (France), Fiat (Italy), Meteor (Ireland), Mitsui
(Japan), Omnitel Pronto Italia (Italy), SwissCom (Switzerland), Tele2 (Sweden)
and TriGem (Korea). It is estimated that the number of world-wide wireless
subscribers will grow from just over 400 million subscribers in 1999 to 1
billion in 2003. Critical Path is aggressively targeting the wireless market
across all major segments including ISPs, portals carriers, wireless original
equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, and other cellular and paging companies.
STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS
A key element of Critical Path's strategy is to expand its distribution
channels through strategic relationships with entities that are equity investors
or entities with which it has contractual reseller relationships. Critical Path
believes that these strategic relationships will enable it to expand its
distribution channels. The following are examples of Critical Path's existing
strategic relationships that it believes will position it to increase quickly
the number of electronic mailboxes it hosts.
American Mobile Satellite. In February 2000, Critical Path formed a
marketing alliance with American Mobile Satellite enabling the two companies to
work together to promote a seamless wireless email solution to Critical Path's
customers. Using American Mobile's nationwide ARDIS(R) network and a wireless
handheld email device, Critical Path will enable its customers to provide their
end users with a two-way wireless extension of their desktop email. This allows
the end user to send and receive email from their desktop address, whether in
the office or on the road. In addition to a single address, users can decide how
often their email will be forwarded and, using filters, can selectively
designate which emails are forwarded.
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<PAGE> 15
VAST. In September 1999, Critical Path formed a strategic relationship with
VAST. Through this relationship, VAST will provide Critical Path's carrier-class
Internet messaging solutions to wireless carriers and other businesses that wish
to extend their Internet-based services to wireless users. VAST works with
wireless carriers to provide access to value-added services like web-based email
and information services that can generate additional revenue for carriers.
Through VAST Gateway Services, wireless carriers and other companies can extend
these capabilities to wireless users at a low cost. Critical Path enables VAST
to provide email to wireless devices including pagers and cellular phones. This
relationship will provide two-way communication capabilities to these devices
for Internet messaging, including the ability to read, forward, reply to and
delete email messages. This capability ensures users' messages, folders, and
address books are available anywhere, anytime.
BellSouth. In July 1999, Critical Path entered into an agreement with
BellSouth Telecommunications, Inc., a multi-billion dollar international
communications company, pursuant to which Critical Path will provide Enhanced
Fax Services including Broadcast, Never Busy, Fax Request and Fax Mailbox, as
well as FaxMission Desktop Internet Fax Services.
Road Runner. In June 1999, Critical Path entered into an agreement with
Road Runner, a joint venture among affiliates of Time Warner, MediaOne,
Microsoft, Compaq and Advance/Newhouse. Pursuant to this agreement, Critical
Path provides Road Runner customers with FaxMission Internet Fax services that
are fully branded under the Road Runner name as FaxRunner.
Ameritech. In March 1999, Critical Path entered into a five year agreement
with Ameritech Services, Inc., pursuant to which Critical Path will provide to
Ameritech's customers, Enhanced Fax Services including Never Busy, Fax Mailbox,
Broadcast Fax, Fax Request, as well as Internet Fax Services including Internet
Fax Inbound and Internet Fax Outbound.
America Online/ICQ. In January 1999, Critical Path entered into an
agreement with ICQ, a subsidiary of America Online, pursuant to which Critical
Path provides email hosting services which are integrated with ICQ's instant
messaging service provided to ICQ's customers. The ICQ instant messaging service
allows users to communicate in real time over the Internet. Critical Path's
agreement with ICQ also provides for the integration of features of the ICQ
instant messaging service with Critical Path's standard email services and its
offering of these integrated services to other customers. In April 1999,
Critical Path expanded its relationship with America Online to include AOL Latin
America and AOL Enterprise.
US West. In December 1998, Critical Path entered into an agreement with US
West, pursuant to which it provides email services to US West's telephone
customers. Critical Path believes that US West views web mail as part of its
strategy to offer its telephone customers value-added Internet services. Web
mail is a user-friendly, simple vehicle to transition telephone customers from
dial-tone to web-tone. The agreement also provides for the enhanced email
functionality of US West's enterprise Internet customers through an email
viewer.
In March 1997, Critical Path entered into an agreement with US West,
pursuant to which it will provide Enhanced Fax Services including Broadcast Fax,
Never-Busy, Fax Mail, Fax Request, and SMARTLIST, to US West's customers. In
February 1998, Critical Path expanded its relationship with US West to include
FaxMission and Fax to email.
E*TRADE. In September 1998, Critical Path entered into an agreement with
E*TRADE, an online brokerage services company, pursuant to which each party will
include the other in certain advertising campaigns, including E*TRADE's
international and strategic partner relationships. Critical Path will also
provide email services to users of E*TRADE's Internet access services. E*TRADE
uses Critical Path's email services to extend its brand and value-added services
to its fast-growing customer base. Critical Path is currently renegotiating the
components of the services offered under its agreement with E*TRADE.
Sprint. In September 1998, Critical Path entered into an agreement with
Sprint's IP Business Services pursuant to which Critical Path provides email
services to Sprint's corporate IP customers. Sprint has over 7,000 sales
representatives who can now offer hosted email services to their business
customers at their own domain name. Critical Path provides a dedicated customer
support number and a sales support center to
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<PAGE> 16
support Sprint's sales representatives. In January 2000, Sprint and Critical
Path executed an amendment to this agreement expanding the relationship,
allowing Sprint to provide additional messaging services to its small business
customers.
Bell Atlantic. In August 1998, Critical Path entered into an agreement with
Bell Atlantic. Pursuant to this agreement, Critical Path will provide Enhanced
Fax Services including Fax Broadcast, Fax Request, Never-Busy, Fax Mailbox, and
Internet Fax Services including FaxMission and Fax to email. Critical Path also
provides Bell Atlantic with services for branding under the Bell Atlantic name,
support and telemarketing.
Network Solutions. In May 1998, Critical Path entered into an agreement
with Network Solutions, a registrar of Internet domain names, pursuant to which
Critical Path provides email outsourcing services to users of Network Solutions'
website. In exchange for Critical Path's services, Network Solutions will
provide domain name registration services for Critical Path's customers. Through
this agreement, a Network Solutions customer is able to extend its brand using
its unique domain name for its email address instead of the domain name of its
Internet access provider.
MCI Worldcom. In December 1997, Critical Path entered into an agreement
with MCI Worldcom to provide enterprise messaging integration services. In
February 2000, Critical Path and MCI expanded this relationship to include
additional Critical Path services such as Webmail, POP3, IMAP and Microsoft
Exchange hosting services.
SALES AND MARKETING
Sales Strategy. Critical Path's sales efforts target all market segment
audiences through direct and indirect channels. Critical Path maintains its own
direct sales force to introduce and educate prospective customers and partners
about its service. The direct sales group targets larger ISPs,
telecommunications companies, medium to large corporate customers, large web
hosting companies and high-trafficked web portals. Critical Path currently has
domestic offices in the San Francisco, Irvine, San Jose, New York, Phoenix,
Boston, Seattle, Los Angeles, Chicago, Atlanta, Denver and Washington D.C.
metropolitan areas. Critical Path currently has international offices in
Argentina, Brazil, Denmark, England, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy and
Switzerland. Within Critical Path's direct sales group, a subgroup is
responsible for retaining and increasing use by existing customers. This group
is critical to ensuring customer satisfaction and selling existing customers new
add-on services as they become available in our service offering.
A telesales group is located in Phoenix, Arizona, which conducts sales
activities over the phone. The target markets of the telesales group are smaller
ISPs, web hosting companies and corporations. The majority of the activity
generated through this channel results from phone calls that we initiate to
prospective customers. The telesales group also handles outbound calls to a
specific list of contacts provided by Critical Path's marketing organization. In
addition, the telesales group follows up on leads resulting from web and
telephone communication initiated by prospective customers and qualifies those
leads by placing additional calls or referring them to the direct sales group.
The indirect sales channel will use the sales forces of Critical Path's
partners to offer its services to their end-users. To gain market presence and
market share overseas, Critical Path teams with leading distributors, resellers
and system integrators that have strong industry backgrounds and market presence
in their respective markets and geographic regions. Resellers include:
Ameritech, BellSouth, British Telecommunications, GTS, MCI Worldcom, Peregrine,
Qwest, Sprint and US West.
Marketing Strategy. Critical Path's marketing strategy is focused on media
relations and public relations in order to develop a reputation as an industry
leader for Internet messaging. Critical Path will use focused print and online
advertising campaigns for lead generation. Direct marketing is used to target
customer segments. Co-branded and cooperative direct mail will be the
cornerstone of the direct marketing efforts. Event, forum and trade show
participation will also be used to promote Critical Path's business-to-business
brand presence.
Enhanced Services Development. Critical Path's product management and
marketing organizations focus on marketing and service development. This team
determines Critical Path's application pipeline and
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<PAGE> 17
feature development schedules and provides direction for engineering,
operations, sales and support teams. Critical Path has product marketing
managers for each of its product areas who are responsible for defining
strategies to address specific customer needs within each product category.
These managers work with its technical service managers, who are in turn
responsible for service strategies and development plans.
Critical Path's service management team focuses on developing provisioning
and billing, messaging and directory services and mail center technology. In
addition, Critical Path's products and services management team manages a
cross-departmental service development effort. The development process also
includes quality-control steps such as reviews, walk-throughs and
post-implementation audits. The products and services development process
incorporates input from a variety of sources, including Critical Path's current
and potential customers, and refines this information through a business
prioritization process.
TECHNOLOGY
In offering messaging services, Critical Path employs advanced software and
hardware, combining internal expertise with industry standard technology to
create a proprietary infrastructure.
Mail Center Technology. Critical Path has created a proprietary email
system, Mail Center Technology, or MCT, designed to ensure access to hundreds of
millions of mailboxes across millions of domains. MCT is able to handle
high-volume loads for complex and diverse mail environments such as those
required by ISPs, telecommunications providers, web hosting companies, web
portals and corporations providing email accounts to their end-users for
activities such as trading securities, shopping or participating in online
communities. Critical Path has written proprietary load-balancing and messaging
software, and uses Oracle Corporation databases in account provisioning and
management.
MCT is made up of multiple groups of servers and routers acting as a
single, virtual point of contact to customers for messaging services. MCT
hardware and software consists of Sun Microsystems servers running Solaris,
Cisco routers, EMC redundant storage arrays, Veritas software and rackmounted
Intel processor-based servers running FreeBSD, a free, standards-based operating
system supported by the growing open source engineering community.
All aspects of MCT are deployed in a redundant configuration with the goal
of ensuring that if any process or system goes down, another will be available
to handle customer traffic seamlessly. This behavior is called "transparent
failover" and is designed to increase the availability of messaging services to
the customer. MCT also includes a dynamic load-balancing system that acts as
proxy servers for firewall safety. The load balancers are configured in parallel
to ensure that if one goes down, the load is transferred to the remaining
systems.
Account Provisioning Protocol. Critical Path has created a proprietary
Account Provisioning Protocol, or APP, for account creation and maintenance. APP
enables accounts transitioning from other services or legacy systems to be
bulk-loaded, tested, replicated and deployed on Critical Path's service
automatically. This protocol addresses a critical time to market issue by
enabling organizations to quickly transition to the new standards-based email
service with minimal down-time and degradation to their existing internal
systems. In addition, APP can be used by customers and partners to facilitate
automatic account sign-ups from websites, typically in less than three minutes.
Data Centers and Network Access. Critical Path maintains data centers with
third parties in San Francisco, Sunnyvale and Palo Alto, California; Salt Lake
City, Utah; Sterling, Virginia; London, England; and Munich, Germany. Critical
Path also plans to maintain a data center in Asia. The data centers have private
peering with all major backbones to allow high-bandwidth access to the Internet.
With multiple high-speed connections to different backbone providers, Critical
Path has reduced the likelihood that its customers will suffer downtime as a
result of network outages. Critical Path's backbone architecture and
interconnection strategy consists of clear channel DS-3 connections and direct
100 MB/sec Ethernet connections. Critical Path's data centers feature redundant
systems for power, fire protection, seismic reinforcement, and security
surveillance 24 hours a day, seven days a week by both personnel and video
monitors.
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Critical Path currently has bilateral peering arrangements in place with
the following organizations: aussie.net, AboveNet Communications, Compaq/Digital
Equipment Corporation, Concentric Networks, Dacom, DataResearch Associates,
DIGEX, Direct Network Access, Electric Lightwave, Excite@Home, Exodus
Communications, Frontier GlobalCenter, GTE Internetworking/Genuity, Globix,
Hanaro Telecom, Hurricane Electric, Inet, MAXIM, Paradox Digital, Pilot Network
Services, Route Server Next Generation, Singapore Telecom, Telestra Corporation,
Tycho Internet, Verio, ViaNet Communications, Web Professionals, WebTV Networks,
XMISSION, and Zocalo. In addition to its peering connections, Critical Path
currently purchases additional Internet access from MCI WorldCom and Sprint,
through their relationships with AboveNet Communications Inc.
Network Security. Critical Path has created a custom firewall solution to
reduce the incidence of network security breaches, utilizing Cisco routers for
firewall hardware. To enhance security for the network, Critical Path's staff
members monitor the network and hardware 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Any
suspicious activity is reported and investigated immediately.
Critical Path's operations and engineering staffs include many active
participants in open Internet security groups. Newsgroups and industry
consortium postings are actively monitored for information regarding reported
security flaws. Suspected flaws in software and hardware products that could
compromise security are investigated thoroughly and fixes are implemented, often
within a matter of hours.
The goals of Critical Path's security efforts are to prevent intruders from
gaining access to customers' email messages, passwords or financial information,
to protect server software and design information from being accessed by
intruders, and to prevent malicious individuals from causing service failure or
slowdown. Critical Path accomplishes these goals by ensuring that server
clusters are entirely isolated from the Internet at large except for the
specific services Critical Path provides, continuously monitoring the network to
detect intrusion attempts, staying up to date on current security issues, and
tracking abuse incidents, such as "spamming", blocking such incidents as
necessary, and reporting incidents to the appropriate originating ISPs.
Spam Blocking. Critical Path's basic hosted email and web-based email
services include comprehensive spam (unsolicited commercial email) prevention at
no additional charge. This spam prevention is currently being used to screen
messages for all customers.
Critical Path's engineers have written proprietary software that
automatically screens incoming messages for telltale items in message headers
and subject lines. Critical Path has also developed a comprehensive database of
commonly forged addresses and frequently abused domain names. Most additions to
the "black list" have been reported by Critical Path's end-users, who are
encouraged to notify Critical Path of suspected abuse. The black list is
actively reviewed to ensure that no legitimate domains or individual users are
blocked from accessing the system or sending messages.
In addition to filtering technology at the server level, Critical Path's
personnel monitor incoming messages 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Critical
Path is part of a group of key network operators and ISPs working to develop
technologies and other measures aimed at protecting users from junk email.
Critical Path has representatives serving on the Coalition Against Unsolicited
Commercial email, the leading national organization lobbying for anti-spam
legislation. Critical Path's Acceptable Use Policy explicitly states that
partners and customers may not use its service to send unsolicited bulk email.
Customer Support. Critical Path provides customer support 24 hours a day,
seven days a week by contractual agreement. Critical Path's customer support
service consists of two tiers. Tier 1 includes technical support in response to
end-user inquiries. Although its customers typically provide Tier 1 support
directly to their end-users, they can outsource this function and Critical Path
can provide Tier 1 support to their end-users via email or web-based support.
Critical Path also provides support information on its website.
Tier 2 support includes technical support for customers' systems
administrators. Critical Path's technical support representatives include pooled
and dedicated representatives. Pooled representatives are trained to resolve the
majority of inquiries and, where necessary, to escalate and manage inquiries
through to resolution. Dedicated representatives must meet stringent technical
criteria, are assigned to strategic accounts and assist in identifying and
qualifying new features and functionality in addition to advanced problem
solving.
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In an effort to further improve customer satisfaction, Critical Path has
deployed customer relationship management tools designed to allow customers to
track the status of their open tickets and access standard reported metrics
through a secure web interface. These tools will also facilitate Critical Path's
ability to track recurring customer issues that will identify opportunities for
service improvements. Critical Path's staff of trained technical
representatives, coupled with leading edge monitoring and tracking tools allows
it to successfully serve the needs of its clients.
Research and Development
The Company's products and services are based on internally developed
systems. The Company must continually improve these systems to accommodate the
level of use of its products and services. In addition, the Company may add new
features and functionality to its products and that could result in the need to
develop or license additional technologies. The Company's inability to add
additional software and hardware or to upgrade its technology or network
infrastructure could have adverse consequences. These consequences include
service interruptions, impaired quality of the users' experience and the
diversion of development resources. The Company's failure to provide new
features or functionality also could result in these consequences. The Company
may not be able to effectively upgrade and expand its systems in a timely manner
or to integrate smoothly any newly developed or purchased technologies with its
existing systems. These difficulties could harm or limit its ability to expand
its business. See "Risk Factors -- The inability to expand our systems may limit
our growth" and "-- System failures could harm our business."
The Company incurred $454,000, $2.1 million and $7.7 million in research
and development expenses in 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. The Company
anticipates that it will continue to devote significant resources to product
development in the future as it adds new features and functionality to its
products and services. The market in which the Company competes is characterized
by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new
service and product announcements, introductions and enhancements and changing
customer demands. Accordingly, the Company's future success will depend on its
ability to adapt to rapidly changing technologies, to adapt its services to
evolving industry standards and to continually improve the performance, features
and reliability of its products and services and service offerings and evolving
demands of the marketplace. The failure of the Company to adapt to such changes
would harm the Company's business. In addition, the widespread adoption of new
Internet, networking or telecommunications technologies or other technological
changes could require substantial expenditures by the Company to modify or adapt
its services or infrastructure. See "Risk Factors -- Our failure to manage
growth could harm us;" "-- We must keep pace with rapid technological change to
remain competitive" and "-- We need to develop new services, features and
functions in order to expand."
COMPETITION
The market for Internet-based messaging services is characterized by
companies that elect to develop and maintain in-house solutions and companies
that seek outsourcing arrangements for their messaging service. For customers
seeking outsourcing arrangements, Critical Path competes with email service
providers, such as USA.NET, mail.com and Commtouch. For those seeking
product-based solutions Critical Path competes with Sun/Netscape Alliance,
Microsoft, Software.com and Lotus Development Corporation. These companies could
potentially leverage their existing capabilities and relationships to enter the
hosted messaging and collaboration industry by redesigning their system
architecture, pricing and marketing strategies to sell through to the entire
market. In the future, ISPs, web hosting companies and outsourced application
companies may broaden their service offerings to include outsourced messaging
solutions.
The level of competition is likely to increase as current competitors
increase the sophistication of their offerings and as new participants enter the
market. In the future, as Critical Path expands its service offerings, Critical
Path expects to encounter increased competition in the development and delivery
of these services. Many of Critical Path's current and potential competitors
have longer operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand
recognition and significantly greater financial, marketing and other resources
than it does and may enter into strategic or commercial relationships with
larger, more established and well-financed companies. Certain competitors may be
able to enter into such strategic or commercial relationships on more
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favorable terms. Further, certain competitors may offer services at or below
cost. In addition, new technologies and the expansion of existing technologies
may increase competitive pressures on Critical Path. Increased competition may
result in reduced operating margins and loss of market share.
Critical Path believes that its solution competes favorably with that of
other providers with respect to the following:
- providing cost savings over in-house solutions by relieving customers of
expenses associated with acquiring and maintaining hardware and software
and the expense and effort associated with attracting and retaining
qualified technical personnel to manage them;
- providing greater functionality and access to leading technologies,
services and products, which in turn enables customers to choose the
solution that best suits their end-users' needs;
- enabling customers to maintain brand control, thereby enhancing their
brand identity; and
- facilitating scalability through an infrastructure designed to support
hundreds of millions of mailboxes across millions of domains.
However, despite Critical Path's competitive positioning, it may not be
able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and
competitive pressures Critical Path faces could have a material adverse effect
on its business, operating results and financial condition.
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Although there are currently few laws and regulations directly applicable
to the Internet and commercial email services, it is possible that a number of
laws and regulations may be adopted with respect to the Internet or commercial
email services covering issues such as user privacy, pricing, content,
copyrights, distribution, antitrust and characteristics and quality of products
and services. Further, the growth and development of the market for online email
may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws that may impose
additional burdens on those companies conducting business online. The adoption
of any additional laws or regulations may impair the growth of the Internet or
commercial online services, which could, in turn, decrease the demand for our
products and services and increase our cost of doing business, or otherwise have
a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition. Moreover, the applicability to the Internet of existing laws in
various jurisdictions governing issues such as property ownership, sales and
other taxes, libel and personal privacy is uncertain and may take years to
resolve. Any such new legislation or regulation, the application of laws and
regulations from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently apply to our business
or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet could have a
material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial
condition.
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RISK FACTORS
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS
WE HAVE A LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY UPON WHICH YOU CAN EVALUATE OUR BUSINESS AND
FACE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY STAGE COMPANIES THAT MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR
BUSINESS.
Because we have had a limited operating history, it is difficult to
evaluate our business and we may face various risks, expenses and difficulties
associated with early stage companies. You should consider the risks, expenses
and difficulties that we may encounter when making your investment decision.
These risks include our ability to:
- Acquire businesses and technologies;
- Integrate the operations of the companies that we have recently acquired;
- Manage growing domestic and international operations;
- Create and maintain strategic relationships;
- Expand sales and marketing activities;
- Expand our customer base and retain key clients;
- Introduce new services;
- Compete in a highly competitive market;
- Upgrade our systems and infrastructure to handle any increases in
messaging traffic;
- Reduce service interruptions; and
- Recruit and retain key personnel.
WE HAVE A HISTORY OF LOSSES, EXPECT CONTINUING LOSSES AND WE MAY NEVER ACHIEVE
PROFITABILITY.
As of December 31, 1999, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately
$129.5 million. We have not achieved profitability in any period, and expect to
continue to incur net losses for the foreseeable future. We expect that our
operating expenses will increase as we spend resources on building our business
and that this increase may have a negative effect on operating results and
financial condition in the near term.
We have spent heavily on technology and infrastructure development. We
expect to continue to spend substantial financial and other resources on
developing and introducing new end-to-end Internet messaging and collaboration
solutions, and expanding our sales and marketing organizations, strategic
relationships and operating infrastructure. We expect that our cost of revenues,
sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses, operations
and customer support expenses, and depreciation and amortization expenses will
continue to increase in absolute dollars and may increase as a percent of
revenues. If revenues do not correspondingly increase, our operating results and
financial condition could be negatively affected.
Should we continue to incur net losses in future periods, we may not be
able to increase the number of employees or investment in capital equipment,
sales and marketing programs, and research and development in accordance with
our present plans. We may never obtain sufficient revenues to achieve
profitability. If we do achieve profitability, we may not sustain or increase
profitability in the future. This may, in turn, cause our stock price to
decline.
DUE TO OUR LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY AND THE EMERGING NATURE OF THE INTERNET
MESSAGING AND COLLABORATION SOLUTIONS MARKET, FUTURE REVENUES ARE UNPREDICTABLE,
AND OUR QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS MAY FLUCTUATE.
We cannot accurately forecast our revenues as a result of our limited
operating history and the emerging nature of the Internet messaging and
collaboration solutions market. Our revenues could fall short of expectations if
we experience delays or cancellations of even a small number of orders. We often
offer volume-
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based pricing, which may affect operating margins. A number of factors are
likely to cause fluctuations in operating results, including, but not limited
to:
- Continued growth of the Internet in general and of messaging and
collaboration usage in particular;
- Demand for outsourced email services;
- Our ability to attract and retain customers and maintain customer
satisfaction;
- Our ability to upgrade, develop and maintain our systems and
infrastructure;
- The amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures
relating to expansion of business and infrastructure;
- Technical difficulties or system outages;
- The announcement or introduction of new or enhanced services by
competitors;
- Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel with Internet
industry expertise, particularly sales and marketing personnel;
- The pricing policies of competitors;
- Failure to increase international sales; and
- Governmental regulation surrounding the Internet and messaging in
particular.
In addition to the factors set forth above, operating results will be
impacted by the extent to which we incur non-cash charges associated with
stock-based arrangements with employees and non-employees. In particular, we
have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial non-cash charges
associated with the grant of warrants to our customers and other parties with
which we have commercial relationships. For example, we recognized a $27.4
million non-cash charge to advertising expense during 1999 in connection with
the amortization of a warrant to America Online.
Period-to-period comparisons of operating results are not a good indication
of future performance. It is likely that operating results in some quarters will
be below market expectations. In this event, the price of our common stock is
likely to decline.
FURTHER ACQUISITIONS COULD RESULT IN DILUTION, OPERATING DIFFICULTIES AND OTHER
HARMFUL CONSEQUENCES.
We expect to acquire or invest in additional businesses, products, services
and technologies that complement or augment our service offerings and customer
base. Since January 1999, we have completed the acquisition of seven companies
for an aggregate consideration consisting of cash, common stock and the
assumption of stock options and warrants totaling approximately $1.1 billion. In
addition, in February 2000, we agreed to acquire RemarQ for common stock valued
at approximately $267.0 million.
We are currently engaged in discussions with a number of companies
regarding strategic acquisitions or investments. Although these discussions are
ongoing, we have not signed any definitive agreements, other than our agreement
with RemarQ as described above, and cannot assure you that any of these
discussions or the RemarQ agreement will result in actual acquisitions. To be
successful, we will need to identify suitable acquisition candidates, integrate
disparate technologies and corporate cultures and manage a geographically
dispersed company. We cannot assure you that we will be able to do this
successfully. Acquisitions could divert attention from other business concerns
and could expose us to unforeseen liabilities. In addition, we may lose key
employees while integrating any new companies.
We expect to pay for some acquisitions by issuing additional common stock,
which would dilute current shareholders. We may also use cash to make
acquisitions. It may be necessary for us to raise additional funds through
public or private financings. We cannot assure you that we will be able to raise
additional funds at any particular point in the future or on favorable terms. In
addition, we may be required to amortize significant amounts of goodwill and
other intangible assets in connection with future acquisitions, which would
materially increase operating expenses.
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WE WILL FACE TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL AND STRATEGIC CHALLENGES THAT MAY PREVENT US
FROM SUCCESSFULLY INTEGRATING DOCSPACE, ISOCOR, FAXNET, XETI, AMPLITUDE, DOTONE
FABRIK COMMUNICATIONS AND REMARQ.
Acquisitions involve risks related to the integration and management of
acquired technology, operations and personnel. The integration of docSpace,
ISOCOR, FaxNet, Xeti, Amplitude, dotOne, Fabrik Communications and RemarQ into
our business has been and will be a complex, time consuming and expensive
process and may disrupt our business if not completed in a timely and efficient
manner. We must operate as a combined organization utilizing, common information
and communication systems, operating procedures, financial controls and human
resources practices. In particular, we are currently evaluating, upgrading or
replacing our financial information systems and establishing uniformity among
the systems of the acquired businesses. We may encounter substantial
difficulties, costs and delays involved in integrating the operations of our
subsidiaries, including:
- potential incompatibility of business cultures;
- perceived adverse changes in business focus;
- potential conflicts in sponsor, advertising or strategic relationships;
and
- the loss of key employees and diversion of the attention of management
from other ongoing business concerns.
Consequently, we may not be successful in integrating acquired businesses
or technologies and may not achieve anticipated revenue and cost benefits. We
also cannot guarantee that these acquisitions will result in sufficient revenues
or earnings to justify our investment in, or expenses related to, these
acquisitions or that any synergies will develop. If we fail to execute our
acquisition strategy successfully for any reason, our business will suffer
significantly.
WE HAVE EXPERIENCED RAPID GROWTH WHICH HAS PLACED A STRAIN ON RESOURCES AND OUR
FAILURE TO MANAGE GROWTH COULD CAUSE OUR BUSINESS TO SUFFER.
We have expanded our operations rapidly and intend to continue this
expansion. The number of our employees increased from 93 on December 31, 1998 to
840 on March 15, 2000. This expansion has placed, and is expected to continue to
place, a significant strain on managerial, operational and financial resources.
To manage any further growth, we will need to improve or replace our existing
operational, customer service and financial systems, procedures and controls.
Any failure to properly manage these systems and procedural transitions could
impair our ability to attract and service customers, and could cause us to incur
higher operating costs and delays in the execution of our business plan. We will
also need to continue the expansion of our operations and employee base. Our
management may not be able to hire, train, retain, motivate and manage required
personnel. In addition, our management may not be able to successfully identify,
manage and exploit existing and potential market opportunities. If we cannot
manage growth effectively, our business and operating results could suffer.
IF WE FAIL TO EXPAND SALES AND MARKETING ACTIVITIES, WE MAY BE UNABLE TO EXPAND
OUR BUSINESS.
Our ability to increase revenues will depend on our ability to successfully
recruit, train and retain sales and marketing personnel. We plan to continue to
invest significant resources to expand our sales and marketing organizations.
Competition for additional qualified personnel is intense and we may not be able
to hire and retain personnel with relevant experience.
The complexity and implementation of our Internet messaging services
require highly trained sales and marketing personnel to educate prospective
customers regarding the use and benefits of our services. Current and
prospective customers, in turn, must be able to educate their end-users. With
our relatively brief operating history and our plans for expansion, we have
considerable need to recruit, train and retain qualified staff. Any delays or
difficulties encountered in these staffing efforts would impair our ability to
attract new customers and to enhance our relationships with existing customers.
This in turn would adversely impact the timing and extent of revenues. Because
the majority of our sales and marketing personnel have recently joined us and
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have limited experience working together, our sales and marketing organizations
may not be able to compete successfully against the larger and more experienced
sales and marketing organizations of our competitors. If we do not successfully
expand sales and marketing activities, our business could suffer and our stock
price could decline.
UNPLANNED SYSTEM INTERRUPTIONS AND CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS COULD REDUCE OUR ABILITY
TO PROVIDE MESSAGING AND COLLABORATION SERVICES AND COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS AND
REPUTATION.
Our customers have in the past experienced some interruptions in our
messaging service. We believe that these interruptions will continue to occur
from time to time. These interruptions are due to hardware failures, unsolicited
bulk email, or "spam," attacks and operating system failures. For example, in
January 2000, our customers experienced a service interruption due to an
operating system failure. Our revenues depend on the number of end-users who use
our messaging services. Our business will suffer if we experience frequent or
long system interruptions that result in the unavailability or reduced
performance of systems or networks or reduce our ability to provide email
services. We expect to experience occasional temporary capacity constraints due
to sharply increased traffic, which may cause unanticipated system disruptions,
slower response times, impaired quality and degradation in levels of customer
service. If this were to continue to happen, our business and reputation could
suffer dramatically.
We have entered into service agreements with some customers that require
minimum performance standards, including standards regarding the availability
and response time of messaging services. If we fail to meet these standards, our
customers could terminate their relationships with us and we could be subject to
contractual monetary penalties. Any unplanned interruption of services may
adversely affect our ability to attract and retain customers.
IF WE DO NOT SUCCESSFULLY ADDRESS THE RISKS INHERENT IN THE EXPANSION OF OUR
INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS, OUR BUSINESS COULD SUFFER.
We intend to continue to expand into international markets and to spend
significant financial and managerial resources to do so. If revenues from
international operations do not exceed the expense of establishing and
maintaining these operations, our business, financial condition and operating
results will suffer. At present, we have international operations in Argentina,
Brazil, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom and as of December 31, 1999 we derived 24.8% of our revenues from
international sales on a pro forma basis. We have limited experience in
international operations and may not be able to compete effectively in
international markets. We face certain risks inherent in conducting business
internationally, such as:
- Unexpected changes in regulatory requirements including U.S. export
restrictions on encryption technologies;
- Difficulties and costs of staffing and managing international operations;
- Differing technology standards;
- Difficulties in collecting accounts receivable and longer collection
periods;
- Political and economic instability;
- Fluctuations in currency exchange rates;
- Imposition of currency exchange controls;
- Potentially adverse tax consequences; and
- Reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.
Any of these factors could adversely affect international operations and,
consequently, business and operating results. Specifically, failure to
successfully manage international growth could result in higher operating costs
than anticipated, or could delay or preclude altogether our ability to generate
revenues in key international markets.
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WE DEPEND ON STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS AND OTHER SALES CHANNELS AND THE LOSS OF
ANY STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIPS COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS AND HAVE AN ADVERSE IMPACT
ON REVENUES.
We depend on strategic relationships to expand distribution channels and to
undertake joint product development and marketing efforts. Our ability to
increase revenues depends upon marketing services through new and existing
strategic relationships. We have entered into written agreements with ICQ (a
subsidiary of America Online), E*TRADE, Network Solutions, Sprint and US West,
among others. We depend on a broad acceptance of outsourced messaging services
on the part of potential partners and acceptance of our company as the supplier
for these outsourced messaging services. We also depend on joint marketing and
product development through strategic relationships to achieve market acceptance
and brand recognition. For example, through our relationship with E*TRADE, we
can conduct shared advertising campaigns and include messaging services in
E*TRADE's international strategic relationships. Our agreements with strategic
partners typically do not restrict them from introducing competing services.
These agreements typically are for terms of one to three years, and
automatically renew for additional one-year periods unless either party gives
prior notice of its intention to terminate the agreement. In addition, these
agreements are terminable by our partners without cause, and some agreements are
terminable by us, upon 30-120 days' notice. Most of the agreements also provide
for the partial refund of fees paid or other monetary penalties in the event
that our services fail to meet defined minimum performance standards.
Distribution partners may choose not to renew existing arrangements on
commercially acceptable terms, or at all. If we lose any strategic
relationships, fail to renew these agreements or relationships or fail to
develop new strategic relationships, business will suffer. The loss of any key
strategic relationships would have an adverse impact on current and future
revenue. For example, for the year ended December 31, 1999, E*TRADE accounted
for approximately 15% of our net revenues, excluding the value of stock purchase
rights received by customers. In addition to strategic relationships, we also
depend on the ability of our customers to sell and market our services to their
end-users.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO RESPOND TO THE RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE OF THE INTERNET
MESSAGING AND COLLABORATION INDUSTRY.
The Internet messaging industry is characterized by rapid technological
change, changes in user and customer requirements and preferences, and the
emergence of new industry standards and practices that could render our existing
services, proprietary technology and systems obsolete. We must continually
improve the performance, features and reliability of our services, particularly
in response to competitive offerings. Our success depends, in part, on our
ability to enhance our existing email and messaging services and to develop new
services, functionality and technology that address the increasingly
sophisticated and varied needs of prospective customers. If we don't properly
identify the feature preferences of prospective customers, or if we fail to
deliver email features which meet the standards of these customers, our ability
to market our service successfully and to increase revenues could be impaired.
The development of proprietary technology and necessary service enhancements
entail significant technical and business risks and require substantial
expenditures and lead-time. We may not be able to keep pace with the latest
technological developments. We may also be unable to use new technologies
effectively or adapt services to customer requirements or emerging industry
standards.
IF OUR SYSTEM SECURITY IS BREACHED, OUR BUSINESS AND REPUTATION COULD SUFFER.
A fundamental requirement for online communications is the secure
transmission of confidential information over public networks. Third parties may
attempt to breach our security or that of our customers. If these attempts are
successful, customers' confidential information, including customers' profiles,
passwords, financial account information, credit card numbers or other personal
information could be breached. We may be liable to our customers for any breach
in security and a breach could harm our reputation. We rely on encryption
technology licensed from third parties. Although we have implemented network
security measures, our servers are vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or
electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, which could lead to interruptions,
delays or loss of data. We may be required to expend significant capital and
other resources to license encryption technology and additional technologies to
protect against security breaches or
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to alleviate problems caused by any breach. Failure to prevent security breaches
may have a material adverse effect on business and operating results.
WE WILL CONTINUE TO DEPEND ON BROAD MARKET ACCEPTANCE FOR OUTSOURCED
INTERNET-BASED EMAIL SERVICE.
The market for outsourced Internet-based email service is new and rapidly
evolving. Concerns over the security of online services and the privacy of users
may inhibit the growth of the Internet and commercial online services. We cannot
estimate the size or growth rate of the potential market for our service
offerings, and we do not know whether our service will achieve broad market
acceptance. To date a substantial portion of our revenues have been derived from
sales of email service offerings and we currently expect that email service
offerings will account for a substantial portion of our revenues for the
foreseeable future. We depend on the widespread acceptance and use of
outsourcing as an effective solution for email. If the market for outsourced
email fails to grow or grows more slowly than we currently anticipate, our
business would suffer dramatically.
WE EXPECT THE MESSAGING SERVICES MARKET WILL BE VERY COMPETITIVE AND WE WILL
NEED TO COMPETE SUCCESSFULLY IN THIS MARKET.
We expect that the market for Internet-based email service will be
intensely competitive. In addition to competing with companies that develop and
maintain in-house solutions, we compete with email service providers, such as
USA.NET, Inc. and mail.com, and with product-based companies, such as
Software.com, Inc. and Lotus Development Corporation. We believe that
competition will increase and that companies such as Microsoft, which currently
offers email products primarily to Internet service providers that provide
access to the Internet; web hosting companies; web sites intended to be major
starting sites for users when they connect to the Internet, commonly referred to
as web portals; and corporations may leverage their existing relationships and
capabilities to offer email services.
We believe competition will increase as current competitors increase the
sophistication of their offerings and as new participants enter the market. Many
current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, larger
customer bases, greater brand recognition and significantly greater financial,
marketing and other resources than we do and may enter into strategic or
commercial relationships with larger, more established and better-financed
companies. Further, any delays in the general market acceptance of the email
hosting concept would likely harm our competitive position. Any delay would also
allow competitors additional time to improve their service or product offerings,
and provide time for new competitors to develop email service solutions and
solicit prospective customers within our target markets. Increased competition
could result in pricing pressures, reduced operating margins and loss of market
share, any of which could cause our business to suffer.
IF WE DO NOT SUCCESSFULLY ADDRESS SERVICE DESIGN RISKS, OUR REPUTATION COULD BE
DAMAGED AND OUR BUSINESS AND OPERATING RESULTS COULD SUFFER.
We must accurately forecast the features and functionality required by
target customers. In addition, we must design and implement service enhancements
that meet customer requirements in a timely and efficient manner. We may not
successfully determine customer requirements and may be unable to satisfy
customer demands. Furthermore, we may not be able to design and implement a
service incorporating desired features in a timely and efficient manner. In
addition, if any new service we launch is not favorably received by customers
and end-users, our reputation could be damaged. If we fail to accurately
determine customer feature requirements or service enhancements or to market
services containing such features or enhancements in a timely and efficient
manner, our business and operating results could suffer materially.
WE NEED TO UPGRADE OUR SYSTEMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE TO ACCOMMODATE INCREASES IN
MESSAGING TRAFFIC.
We must continue to expand and adapt our network infrastructure as the
number of users and the amount of information we wish to transmit increases, and
as their requirements change. The expansion and adaptation of our network
infrastructure will require substantial financial, operational and management
resources. Due to the limited deployment of services to date, the ability of our
network to connect and manage a substantially
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larger number of customers at high transmission speeds is unknown, and we face
risks related to the network's ability to operate with higher customer levels
while maintaining expected performance.
As the frequency and complexity of messaging increases, we will need to
make additional investments in our infrastructure, which may be expensive. In
addition, we may not be able to accurately project the rate or timing of
messaging traffic increases or upgrade our systems and infrastructure to
accommodate future traffic levels, which may cause service degradation or
outages. We may also not be able to achieve or maintain a sufficiently high
capacity of data transmission as customer usage increases. Customer demand for
our services could be greatly reduced if we fail to maintain high capacity data
transmission. In addition, as we upgrade our network infrastructure to increase
capacity available to customers, we are likely to encounter equipment or
software incompatibility which may cause delays in implementations. We may not
be able to expand or adapt our network infrastructure to meet additional demand
or customers' changing requirements in a timely manner or at all.
BECAUSE WE PROVIDE MESSAGING AND COLLABORATION SERVICES OVER THE INTERNET, OUR
BUSINESS COULD SUFFER IF EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION OF DATA OVER THE INTERNET IS
INTERRUPTED.
The recent growth in the use of the Internet has caused frequent
interruptions and delays in accessing the Internet and transmitting data. To
date we have not experienced a significant adverse effect from these
interruptions. However, because we provide messaging and collaboration services
over the Internet, interruptions or delays in Internet transmissions will
adversely affect customers' ability to send or receive their messages. We rely
on the speed and reliability of the networks operated by third parties.
Therefore, our market depends on improvements being made to the entire Internet
infrastructure to alleviate overloading and congestion.
We depend on telecommunications network suppliers such as Level 3, Qwest,
Exodus and TeleHouse to transmit messages across their networks. In addition, to
deliver our services, we rely on a number of public and private peering
interconnections, which are arrangements among access providers to carry one
another's traffic. If these providers were to discontinue these arrangements,
and alternative providers did not emerge or were to increase the cost of
providing access, our ability to transmit messaging traffic would be reduced. If
we were to increase our current prices to accommodate any increase in the cost
of providing access, it could negatively impact sales. If we did not increase
prices in response to rising access costs, margins would be negatively affected.
Furthermore, if additional capacity is not added as traffic increases, our
ability to distribute content rapidly and reliably through these networks will
be adversely affected.
IF WE ENCOUNTER SYSTEM FAILURES, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE SERVICE
AND OUR BUSINESS AND REPUTATION COULD BE DAMAGED.
Our ability to successfully receive and send messages and provide
acceptable levels of customer service largely depends on the efficient and
uninterrupted operation of computer and communications hardware and network
systems. Our systems and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption
from fire, flood, earthquake, power loss, telecommunications failure and similar
events. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could subject us to
contractual monetary penalties if we fail to meet minimum performance standards,
and could have a material adverse effect on business and operating results and
damage our reputation.
WE MUST RECRUIT AND RETAIN OUR KEY EMPLOYEES TO EXPAND OUR BUSINESS.
Our success depends on the skills, experience and performance of senior
management and other key personnel, many of whom have worked together for only a
short period of time. For example, our Chief Operating Officer and Chief
Financial Officer have joined us within the past three months. The loss of the
services of any senior management or other key personnel, including the
President, David Thatcher, and Chief Executive Officer, Douglas Hickey, could
materially and adversely affect business results. We do not have long-term
employment agreements with any executive officers and other key personnel. Our
success also depends on our ability to recruit, retain and motivate other highly
skilled sales and marketing, technical and managerial personnel. Competition for
these people is intense, and we may not be able to successfully recruit,
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train or retain qualified personnel. In particular, we may not be able to hire a
sufficient number of qualified software developers.
UNKNOWN SOFTWARE DEFECTS COULD DISRUPT SERVICES, WHICH COULD HARM OUR BUSINESS
AND REPUTATION.
Our service offerings depend on complex software, both internally developed
and licensed from third parties. Complex software often contains defects,
particularly when first introduced or when new versions are released. We may not
discover software defects that affect new or current services or enhancements
until after they are deployed. Although we have not experienced any material
software defects to date, it is possible that, despite testing, defects may
occur in the software. These defects could cause service interruptions, which
could damage our reputation or increase service costs, cause us to lose revenue,
delay market acceptance or divert development resources, any of which could
cause business to suffer.
WE MAY NEED ADDITIONAL CAPITAL AND RAISING ADDITIONAL CAPITAL MAY DILUTE
EXISTING SHAREHOLDERS.
We believe that existing capital resources will enable us to maintain
current and planned operations for at least the next 12 months. However, we may
be required to raise additional funds due to unforeseen circumstances. If
capital requirements vary materially from those current planned, we may require
additional financing sooner than anticipated. Such financing may not be
available in sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us and may be dilutive
to existing shareholders.
WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO PROTECT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND PROPRIETARY RIGHTS.
We regard our copyrights, service marks, trademarks, trade secrets and
similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on
trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality and/or
license agreements with employees, customers and partners to protect proprietary
rights. Despite these precautions, unauthorized third parties may infringe or
copy portions of our services or reverse engineer or obtain and use information
that we regard as proprietary. End-user license provisions protecting against
unauthorized use, copying, transfer and disclosure of the licensed program may
be unenforceable under the laws of certain jurisdictions and foreign countries.
The status of United States patent protection in the software industry is not
well defined and will evolve as the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office grants
additional patents. We have several patents pending in the United States and may
seek additional patents in the future. We do not know if the patent application
or any future patent application will be issued with the scope of the claims
sought, if at all, or whether any patents received will be challenged or
invalidated. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect
proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Our
means of protecting proprietary rights in the United States or abroad may not be
adequate and competitors may independently develop similar technology.
Third parties may infringe or misappropriate copyrights, trademarks and
similar proprietary rights belonging to us. In addition, other parties have
asserted and may assert infringement claims against us. For example, a company
that we acquired is a party to a lawsuit involving alleged infringement of a
third party's patent. The recently acquired company has denied the allegations
of infringement and has made counterclaims. Although we have not received notice
of any other alleged patent infringement, we cannot be certain that our products
do not infringe issued patents that may relate to our products. In addition,
because patent applications in the United States are not publicly disclosed
until the patent is issued, applications may have been filed which relate to our
software products. We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time
to time in the ordinary course of business, including claims of alleged
infringement of trademarks and other intellectual property rights of third
parties. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time-consuming and
could divert management's attention away from operating our business.
WE MAY NEED TO LICENSE THIRD-PARTY TECHNOLOGIES AND WE FACE RISKS IN DOING SO.
We intend to continue to license certain technology from third parties,
including web server and encryption technology. The market is evolving and we
may need to license additional technologies to remain competitive. We may not be
able to license these technologies on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
In
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addition, we may fail to successfully integrate any licensed technology into our
services. These third-party in-licenses may expose us to increased risks,
including risks related to the integration of new technology, the diversion of
resources from the development of proprietary technology, and an inability to
generate revenues from new technology sufficient to offset associated
acquisition and maintenance costs. An inability to obtain any of these licenses
could delay product and service development until equivalent technology can be
identified, licensed and integrated. Any such delays in services could cause our
business and operating results to suffer.
THE TRADING PRICES AND VOLUMES OF OUR STOCK HAVE BEEN VOLATILE AND WE EXPECT
THAT THIS VOLATILITY WILL CONTINUE.
Our stock price and trading volumes have been highly volatile since our
initial public offering on March 29, 1999. We expect that this volatility will
continue in the future due to factors such as:
- Actual or anticipated fluctuations in results of operations;
- Changes in or failure to meet securities analysts' expectations;
- Announcements of technological innovations and acquisitions;
- Introduction of new services by us or our competitors;
- Developments with respect to intellectual property rights;
- Conditions and trends in the Internet and other technology industries;
and
- General market conditions.
In addition, the stock market has from time to time experienced significant
price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices for the
common stocks of technology companies, particularly Internet companies. These
broad market fluctuations may result in a material decline in the market price
of our common stock. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market
price of a particular company's securities, securities class action litigation
has often been brought against that company. We may become involved in this type
of litigation in the future. Litigation is often expensive and diverts
management's attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect
on our business and operating results.
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION AND LEGAL UNCERTAINTIES COULD IMPAIR THE GROWTH OF THE
INTERNET AND DECREASE DEMAND FOR OUR SERVICES OR INCREASE OUR COST OF DOING
BUSINESS.
Although there are currently few laws and regulations directly applicable
to the Internet and messaging services, a number of laws have been proposed
involving the Internet, including laws addressing user privacy, pricing,
content, copyrights, distribution, antitrust and characteristics and quality of
products and services. Further, the growth and development of the market for
messaging services may prompt calls for more stringent consumer protection laws
that may impose additional burdens on those companies conducting business
online. The adoption of any additional laws or regulations may impair the growth
of the Internet or commercial online services which could decrease the demand
for our services and increase our cost of doing business, or otherwise harm
business and operating results. Moreover, the applicability to the Internet of
existing laws in various jurisdictions governing issues such as property
ownership, sales and other taxes, libel and personal privacy is uncertain and
may take years to resolve.
WE MAY HAVE LIABILITY FOR INTERNET CONTENT AND WE MAY NOT HAVE ADEQUATE
LIABILITY INSURANCE.
As a provider of messaging services, we face potential liability for
defamation, negligence, copyright, patent or trademark infringement and other
claims based on the nature and content of the materials transmitted via our
services. We do not and cannot screen all of the content generated by our users,
and we could be exposed to liability with respect to this content. Furthermore,
some foreign governments, such as Germany, have enforced laws and regulations
related to content distributed over the Internet that are more strict than those
currently in place in the United States.
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<PAGE> 30
Although we carry general liability and umbrella liability insurance, our
insurance may not cover claims of these types or may not be adequate to
indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed. There is a risk that a
single claim or multiple claims, if successfully asserted against us, could
exceed the total of our coverage limits. There is also a risk that single claim
or multiple claims asserted against us may not qualify for coverage under our
insurance policies as a result of coverage exclusions that are contained within
these policies. Should either of these risks occur, capital contributed by our
stockholders may need to be used to settle claims. Any imposition of liability,
particularly liability that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of
insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and
business and operating results, or could result in the imposition of criminal
penalties.
FUTURE SALES OF OUR COMMON STOCK MAY DEPRESS THE PRICE OF OUR COMMON STOCK.
As of March 15, 2000, we had approximately 57.9 million shares of common
stock outstanding. Sales of a substantial number of shares of common stock in
the public market could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.
In the near future, 7.6 million shares will become eligible for sale under an
S-3 registration statement that we will file to meet our registration rights
obligations in connection with recent acquisitions. In addition, we expect the
RemarQ acquisition to close in late March. Approximately 4.0 million shares of
our common stock will be freely tradeable upon the closing of this transaction.
Certain of our shareholders and warrantholders have registration rights with
respect to the common stock and common stock issuable under the warrants. See
"Description of Capital Stock -- Registration Rights".
OUR DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS WILL BE ABLE TO
EXERT SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE OVER US.
After this offering, our directors, executive officers and principal
shareholders will beneficially own a substantial portion of our outstanding
common stock. These shareholders, if they vote together, will be able to
exercise significant influence over all matters requiring shareholder approval,
including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate
transactions. This concentration of ownership may also delay or prevent a change
in control of our company.
OUR ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION AND BYLAWS CONTAIN PROVISIONS WHICH COULD DELAY OR
PREVENT A CHANGE IN CONTROL.
Our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws contain provisions that could
delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could
limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares
of our common stock. Some of these provisions:
- Authorize the issuance of preferred stock which can be created and issued
by the board of directors without prior stockholder approval, commonly
referred to as "blank check" preferred stock, with rights senior to those
of common stock;
- Prohibit shareholder action by written consent; and
- Establish advance notice requirements for submitting nominations for
election to the board of directors and for proposing matters that can be
acted upon by shareholders at a meeting.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our principal executive offices are located in San Francisco, California,
in a 31,500 square foot facility under a lease expiring on June 30, 2002, with a
five-year renewal option and a sublease expiring on March 31, 2002. In addition,
in January 2000, we entered into a lease for an additional 40,000 square feet of
office space in San Francisco, California. In addition, we lease facilities in
Argentina, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Switzerland and the
United Kingdom. We believe that our facilities will be adequate for the next 12
months. However, we may not be able to lease additional space on commercially
reasonable terms or at all.
ITEM 3. LEGAL
The Company recently acquired The docSpace Company, which is involved in a
patent infringement action with Tumbleweed Communications Corp. The lawsuit
relates to a Tumbleweed patent that describes
30
<PAGE> 31
an apparatus for delivering documents via the Internet. docSpace has denied the
allegations of infringement, and has counterclaimed for violations of the
antitrust laws and related state law claims. This case is in the preliminary
phase and the Company is not currently able to assess the impact, if any, on its
financial position or results of operations.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There were no submissions of matters to a vote of security holders during
the quarter ended December 31, 1999.
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<PAGE> 32
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Our Common Stock has been quoted on the Nasdaq National Market under the
symbol "CPTH" since March 29, 1999. The following table presents, for the
periods indicated, the high and low closing prices per share of the common stock
as reported on the Nasdaq National Market.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
HIGH LOW
------- ------
<S> <C> <C>
First Quarter (from March 29, 1999 to March 31, 1999)....... $ 77.00 $65.88
Second Quarter (from April 1, 1999 to June 30, 1999)........ $134.88 $36.88
Third Quarter (from July 1, 1999 to September 30, 1999)..... $ 53.88 $30.94
Fourth Quarter (from October 1, 1999 to December 31,
1999)..................................................... $ 94.38 $35.00
</TABLE>
As of February 29, 2000, there were approximately 1,061 holders of record
of the our Common Stock. Most shares of our Common Stock are held by brokers and
other institutions on behalf of shareholders.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
1. From February 1997 to February 1998, the Company issued and sold 6,258,251
shares of common stock to 5 investors at a purchase price of $0.02 per
share.
2. From February 1997 to February 26, 1999, the Company issued and sold
8,486,398 shares of common stock to employees, directors and consultants at
prices ranging from $0.02 to $2.20 per share.
3. On April 1, 1998, the Company issued and sold 12,707,869 shares of Series A
Preferred Stock to a total of 29 investors for an aggregate purchase price
of $9,170,002.
4. On September 11, 1998 and January 13, 1999, the Company issued and sold
6,863,991 shares of Series B Preferred Stock to a total of 19 investors for
an aggregate purchase price of $29,061,014.
5. On January 13, 1999, the Company issued and sold 1,090,909 shares of common
stock to one investor for an aggregate purchase price of $2,400,000.
6. In January 1999 the Company issued a warrant to purchase up to 2,442,766
shares of Series B Preferred Stock to one investor in connection with the
Company's entering into a commercial agreement with a subsidiary of such
investor.
7. On May 26, 1999 and in connection with the acquisition of substantially all
of the operating assets of the Connect Service business of Fabrik, the
Company issued 109,091 shares of common stock to Fabrik.
8. On July 21, 1999 and in connection with the acquisition of all of the
outstanding capital stock of dotOne Corporation, the Company issued 640,623
shares of common stock to the former shareholders of dotOne.
9. On September 17, 1999 the Company issued 95,104 shares of common stock to
one warrantholder in connection with the net exercise of a warrant held by
the warrantholder.
10. On October 1, 1999 the Company issued 237,703 shares of common stock to one
warrantholder in connection with the net exercise of a warrant held by the
warrantholder.
11. On November 22, 1999 and in connection with all of the outstanding capital
stock of Xeti, Inc., the Company issued 274,048 shares of common stock to
the former shareholders of Xeti.
12. On December 6, 1999 and in connection with the acquisition of all of the
outstanding capital stock of the FaxNet Corporation, the Company issued
2,845,282 shares of common stock to the former shareholders of FaxNet.
13. On March 8, 2000 and in connection with the acquisition of all of the
outstanding capital stock of the docSpace Company, the Company issued
3,805,826 shares of common stock to the former shareholders of docSpace.
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<PAGE> 33
The foregoing transactions were made in reliance on Section 4(2) of the
Securities Act, or Regulation D promulgated thereunder, or Rule 701 promulgated
under Section 3(b) of the Securities Act, as transactions by an issuer not
involving a public offering or transactions pursuant to compensatory benefit
plans and contracts relating to compensation as provided under Rule 701.
14. On August 31, 1999 and in connection with the acquisition of all the
outstanding capital stock of Amplitude Software Corporation, the Company
issued 4,107,250 shares of common stock to the former shareholders of
Amplitude.
The foregoing transaction was made in reliance on Section 3(a)(10) of the
Securities Act as an exchange of securities that has been approved after a
fairness hearing by a government agency.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Company raised aggregate net proceeds of $254.8 million in connection
with its initial and secondary public equity offerings in March and June of
1999, respectively. As of December 31, 1999, approximately $75.9 million of
these net proceeds remain. During the latter half of 1999, the Company used
approximately $23.9 million to fund operations and approximately $116.4 million
in connection with acquisitions. The remaining proceeds were utilized for
purchase of equipment and strategic investments.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We have never declared or paid any dividends on our common stock. We do not
anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently
intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance operations and the
expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will
be at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend upon our
financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors
the board of directors deems relevant.
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<PAGE> 34
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
The selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 1997, 1998
and 1999, and the selected consolidated statement of operations data for the
period from February 19, 1997 (our inception) to December 31, 1997, for the
years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, have been derived from the Consolidated
Financial Statements of Critical Path. The data set forth below should be read
in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto
included elsewhere in this document.
The unaudited pro forma consolidated statement of operations data for the
year ended December 31, 1999, reflects the effect of the acquisition of certain
assets and customer relationships from Fabrik Communications, the acquisitions
of dotOne Corporation, Amplitude Software Corporation, FaxNet Corporation,
ISOCOR Corporation and The docSpace Company, and the probable acquisition of
RemarQ Communities Inc. as if the acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 1999.
The unaudited pro forma balance sheet data reflects the acquisition of ISOCOR
Corporation and The docSpace Company and the probable acquisition of RemarQ
Communities Inc. as if the acquisitions had occurred on December 31, 1999.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31,
------------------------------ PRO FORMA
1997 1998 1999 1999
------- -------- --------- -----------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Net revenues......................................... $ -- $ 897 $ 16,157 $ 83,544
Cost of net revenues................................. -- (2,346) (21,557) (53,366)
------- -------- --------- ---------
Gross profit (loss).................................. -- (1,449) (5,400) 30,178
------- -------- --------- ---------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing................................ 244 1,687 13,811 52,123
Research and development........................... 454 2,098 7,682 22,820
General and administrative......................... 358 3,814 14,051 40,344
Acquisition-related retention bonus................ -- -- 3,587 22,422
Amortization of intangible assets.................. -- -- 32,259 383,991
Stock-based expenses............................... -- 2,400 46,460 47,522
------- -------- --------- ---------
Total operating expenses................... 1,056 9,999 117,850 569,222
------- -------- --------- ---------
Loss from operations................................. (1,056) (11,448) (123,250) (539,044)
Interest and other income, net....................... -- 375 7,061 7,124
Interest expense..................................... (18) (388) (752) (1,561)
------- -------- --------- ---------
Net loss............................................. $(1,074) $(11,461) $(116,941) $(533,481)
======= ======== ========= =========
Net loss per share -- basic and diluted.............. $ (0.54) $ (2.94) $ (3.93) $ (10.98)
======= ======== ========= =========
Weighted average shares -- basic and diluted......... 1,994 3,899 29,770 48,577
======= ======== ========= =========
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------- PRO FORMA
1997 1998 1999 1999
------- ------- -------- -----------
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents............................. $ 1 $14,791 $ 75,932 $ 52,935
Working capital....................................... (1,524) 12,524 76,275 42,331
Total assets.......................................... 550 20,663 673,805 1,501,878
Capital lease obligations, long term portion.......... 42 2,454 5,669 7,844
Shareholders' equity.................................. (1,021) 15,358 616,992 1,407,115
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 35
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto of Critical Path, Inc.
appearing elsewhere in this Information Statement. The following discussion
contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ significantly
from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause
future results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to, those discussed in "Risk Factors"
and elsewhere in this Information Statement.
OVERVIEW
Critical Path was founded in February 1997 to deliver email hosting
solutions to Internet service providers, telecommunications providers, Web
hosting companies, Web portals and corporations. From inception to October 1997,
the Company's operating activities related primarily to the planning and
development of our proprietary technological solution, recruitment of personnel,
raising of capital and purchase of operating assets. The Company initiated its
email hosting service in October 1997 and has continued to make investments to
improve the quality of its service. In December 1997, the Company enhanced its
initial service offering, a hosting service based on Post Office Protocol 3,
with the addition of a Web mail interface. Post Office Protocol 3 is a standard
protocol for receiving email commonly referred to as "POP3". In January 1999,
the Company further enhanced its service with the addition of an offering based
on the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, or "LDAP," a directory software
protocol.
Operations
The Company continues to derive most of its revenues through the sale of
electronic messaging services and products. The Company's service revenues are
derived primarily from contractual relationships that provide for revenues based
either on contractual rates per mailbox or per message, non-refundable fixed
payments or as a percentage of customer-generated email advertising revenues.
These contracts are typically one to three years in length. Revenues from
contracts specifying a contractual rate per active mailbox per month are
recognized monthly for each active mailbox covered by the respective contract.
Revenues from contracts that provide non-refundable fixed payments are not
dependent upon the active number of mailboxes and are therefore recognized
ratably over the contract term. Revenues based upon a percentage of the email
advertising revenues generated by customers are recognized when those revenues
are earned and reported by the customer.
Revenues for software licenses for which collection of the resulting
receivable is deemed probable are recognized upon delivery of the licensed
software. Revenues from software maintenance are recognized ratably over the
maintenance term. Agreements with some of the Company's customers require
minimum performance standards regarding the availability and response time of
the Company's messaging services. If the Company fails to meet these standards,
customers could terminate their relationships and the Company could be subject
to contractual monetary penalties.
Revenues from the Company's enhanced facsimile, long distance and other
services are recognized as the services are performed. Amounts billed or
received in advance of service delivery are recorded as deferred revenue.
The Company expects to expand its operations and employee base, including
its sales, marketing, technical, operational and customer support resources. In
particular, the Company intends to expand its sales force to deliver its
complete end-to-end Internet messaging and collaboration solutions to customers
in its five target markets: ISPs, telecommunication providers, Web hosting
companies, Web portals and corporations. The Company also intends to further
develop new and existing strategic relationships to expand its distribution
channels and to undertake joint product development and marketing efforts.
The Company intends to increase the number of worldwide sales offices and
data centers. There are currently sales offices in Argentina, Brazil, Denmark,
England, France, Ireland, Italy, Switzerland, and the
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<PAGE> 36
United States and data centers in the United States, Germany, and the United
Kingdom. The Company expects to open an additional data center in Asia.
Future investments in technology may involve the development, acquisition
or licensing of technologies that complement or augment the Company's existing
services and technologies.
During 1998, the Company recorded aggregate unearned compensation totaling
approximately $19.9 million in connection with certain sales of stock and the
grant of certain stock options to employees, directors and advisors. This amount
is being amortized over the four-year vesting period of the related options.
These options were issued to create incentives for continued performance. Of the
total unearned compensation, approximately $448,000, $217,000, $269,000 and $1.7
million was amortized in the quarters ended March 31, June 30, September 30 and
December 31, 1998, respectively. In January and March 1999, the Company granted
options resulting in an additional $18.1 million of unearned compensation.
Amortization of unearned compensation was approximately $3.7 million, $4.9
million, $4.8 million and $4.3 million during the quarters ended March 31, June
30, September 30 and December 31, 1999, respectively. The Company expects
aggregate per quarter amortization related to unearned compensation of between
$3.4 million and $2.4 million during 2000, between $2.0 million and $1.3 million
during 2001, and between $1.0 million and $634,000 during 2002.
Acquisitions
In May of 1999, the Company acquired substantially all the operating assets
of the Connect Service business of Fabrik Communications, Inc. The Company
purchased the ongoing business operations as well as nearly 500 customer
relationships of Fabrik. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase
method of accounting and, accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the
net assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair values on the date of
acquisition. The total purchase price of $20.1 million consisted of $12.0
million cash, Common Stock valued at $8.0 million, and other acquisition costs
of approximately $100,000. Of the total purchase price, approximately $500,000
was allocated to property and equipment, and the remainder was allocated to
intangible assets, including customer base ($2.1 million), assembled workforce
($400,000), and goodwill ($17.1 million). The acquired intangible assets,
excluding goodwill, are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of two
to three years. Goodwill will be amortized using the straight-line method over
three years, resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge of $1.7 million during
the amortization period. At December 31, 1999, cumulative amortization of
intangible assets totaled $3.9 million.
In July of 1999, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of dotOne
Corporation, a leading provider of corporate email and messaging services. The
acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and,
accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible net liabilities
and intangible net assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair values
on the date of the acquisition. The total purchase price of approximately $57.0
million consisted of $17.5 million cash, Common Stock valued at $35.0 million,
assumed stock options with an estimated fair market value of $3.2 million, and
other acquisition costs of approximately $1.3 million. Of the total purchase
price, approximately $1.7 million was allocated to net tangible liabilities, and
the remainder was allocated to intangible assets, including customer base ($4.6
million), assembled workforce ($1.5 million), existing technology ($600,000),
and goodwill ($52.0 million). The acquired intangible assets, excluding
goodwill, are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of three to five
years. Goodwill is being amortized using the straight-line method over three
years, resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge of $4.7 million during the
amortization period. At December 31, 1999, cumulative amortization of intangible
assets totaled $7.9 million.
In August of 1999, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of Amplitude
Software Corporation, a leading provider of Internet calendaring and resource
scheduling solutions. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase
method of accounting and, accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the
tangible and intangible assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair
values on the date of the acquisition. The total purchase price of $214.4
million consisted of $45.0 million cash, Common Stock valued at $141.3 million,
assumed stock options with an estimated fair market value of $22.0 million, and
other acquisition costs of approximately $6.1 million. Of the total purchase
price, approximately $4.4 million was allocated to net
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<PAGE> 37
tangible assets and the remainder was allocated to intangible assets, including
customer base ($600,000), assembled workforce ($3.8 million), existing
technology ($4.1 million), and goodwill ($201.5 million). The acquired
intangible assets, excluding goodwill, are being amortized over their estimated
useful lives of two to four years. Goodwill is being amortized using the
straight-line method over four years, resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge
of $13.4 million during the amortization period. At December 31, 1999,
cumulative amortization of intangible assets totaled $17.8 million.
In November of 1999, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of Xeti,
Inc., a leading developer of standards-based public key infrastructure
solutions. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of
accounting and accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible and
intangible net assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair values on
the acquisition date. The total purchase price of approximately $23.8 million
consisted of $2.0 million in cash, Common Stock valued at $18.5 million, assumed
stock options of $3.1 million and other acquisition costs of approximately
$200,000. The Company also assumed the stock option plans of Xeti, Inc. Of the
total purchase price, approximately $200,000 was allocated to net tangible
assets and the remainder was allocated to intangible assets, including assembled
workforce ($360,000), existing technology ($540,000) and goodwill ($22.7
million). The acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill, are being
amortized over their estimated useful lives of two to three years. Goodwill is
being amortized using the straight-line method over three years, resulting in an
aggregate quarterly charge of $2.0 million during the amortization period. At
December 31, 1999, cumulative amortization of intangible assets totaled
$660,600.
In December of 1999, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of FaxNet
Corporation, a leading outsource supplier of enhanced fax and integrated
messaging solutions. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method
of accounting and, accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible
and intangible assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair values on
the date of the acquisition. The total purchase price of $199.3 million
consisted of $20.0 million cash, Common Stock valued at $152.4 million, assumed
stock options with an estimated fair market value of $7.3 million, assumed
subordinated notes of $4.2 million and other liabilities of $7.5 million, and
other acquisition costs of approximately $7.9 million consisting of financial
advisor and other professional fees. Of the total purchase price, approximately
$1.6 million was allocated to net tangible assets and the remainder was
allocated to intangible assets, including customer base ($5.5 million),
assembled workforce ($900,000), existing technology ($6.1 million), and goodwill
($185.2 million). The acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill, are being
amortized over their estimated useful lives of three to eight years. Goodwill is
being amortized using the straight-line method over eight years, resulting in an
aggregate quarterly charge of $6.2 million during the amortization period. At
December 31, 1999, the cumulative amortization of intangible assets was $2.1
million.
In January of 2000, the Company acquired all outstanding shares of ISOCOR
Corporation, a leading supplier of Internet messaging, directory and directory
software solutions. The acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase
method of accounting and, accordingly, the purchase price has been allocated to
the tangible and intangible assets acquired on the basis of their respective
fair values on the date of the acquisition. The total purchase price of $274.0
million consisted of Common Stock valued at $225.7 million, assumed stock
options with an estimated fair market value of $37.2 million, and other
acquisition costs of approximately $11.1 million consisting of financial advisor
and other professional fees. Of the total purchase price, approximately $19.2
million was allocated to net tangible assets and the remainder was allocated to
intangible assets, including customer base ($9.8 million), assembled workforce
($3.4 million), in-process technology ($200,000), existing technology ($18.3
million), and goodwill ($223.1 million). The acquired in-process technology was
expensed in the period of acquisition. The other acquired intangible assets,
excluding goodwill, will be amortized over their estimated useful lives of three
years. Goodwill will be amortized using the straight-line method over three
years, resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge of $21.2 million during the
amortization period.
In January of 2000, the Company signed a definitive agreement to acquire
RemarQ Communities Inc., a provider of Internet collaboration services for
corporations, Web portals and Internet service providers. The acquisition, which
is subject to the approval of RemarQ's stockholders and is expected to close on
or before March 31, 2000, will be accounted for using the purchase method of
accounting and, accordingly, the
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<PAGE> 38
purchase price will be allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired
on the basis of their respective fair values on the date of the acquisition. The
total estimated purchase price of approximately $267.5 million will consist of
Common Stock and assumed stock options valued at approximately $267.0 million,
and other estimated acquisition costs of approximately $500,000. Of the total
purchase price, the Company anticipates that approximately $8.7 million will be
allocated to net tangible assets and the remainder will be allocated to
intangible assets, including assembled workforce ($3.2 million), customer base
($5.6 million), existing technology ($4.3 million), and goodwill totaling
approximately ($245.7 million). The acquired intangible assets, excluding
goodwill, are expected to be amortized over their estimated useful lives of
three years. The Company expects to amortize goodwill using the straight-line
method over three years, resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge of $22.7
million during the amortization period.
In March of 2000, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of The
docSpace Company, a leading provider of Web-based services for secure file
delivery, storage and collaboration. The acquisition has been accounted for
using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the purchase price has
been allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired on the basis of
their respective fair values on the date of the acquisition. The total purchase
price of approximately $300.4 million consisted of $30.0 million cash, Common
Stock valued at $234.0 million, assumed warrants for $26.4 million, and other
acquisition costs of approximately $10.0 million. Of the total purchase price,
approximately $5.4 million has been allocated to net tangible liabilities and
the remainder has been allocated to intangible assets, including assembled
workforce ($500,000), existing technology ($21.5 million), and goodwill ($283.8
million). The acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill, will be amortized
over their estimated useful lives of three years. Goodwill will be amortized
using the straight-line method over three years, resulting in an aggregate
quarterly charge of $25.5 million during the amortization period.
Warrants
In January 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with ICQ, a
subsidiary of America Online, Inc., pursuant to which the Company provides email
hosting services that are integrated with ICQ's instant messaging service
provided to ICQ's customers. The ICQ instant messaging service is designed to
allow users to communicate in real time over the Internet. As part of the
agreement, ICQ agreed to provide sub-branded advertising for Critical Path in
exchange for a warrant to purchase 2,442,766 shares of Common Stock, issuable
upon attainment of each of five milestones. The Company believes that this
agreement will have a significant current and potential future impact on the
Company's results of operations. The following table summarizes the shares
underlying each milestone and the related exercise price:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES
UNDERLYING EXERCISE
WARRANT PRICE
---------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Milestone 1............................................. 814,254 $ 4.26
Milestone 2............................................. 407,128 5.50
Milestone 3............................................. 407,128 6.60
Milestone 4............................................. 407,128 8.80
Milestone 5............................................. 407,128 11.00
---------
Totals........................................ 2,442,766
=========
</TABLE>
In the quarter ended June 30, 1999, the Company amended the vesting terms
of the agreement with ICQ. The revised vesting terms did not impact the shares
underlying the first milestone, which vested immediately upon the execution of
the agreement. The shares underlying each of the remaining milestones vest on
the date in a quarter in which ICQ completes a minimum registration of 100,000
sub-branded ICQ mailboxes, compared to 250,000 sub-branded ICQ mailboxes as
provided in the terms of the original agreement. The amended agreement also
provides that only one milestone may be achieved on a quarterly basis. The
Company believes it is probable that all milestones will be achieved.
Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assuming a term of seven
years and expected volatility of 90%, the initial fair value of the warrant on
the effective date of the agreement approximated $16.5 million,
38
<PAGE> 39
which is being amortized to advertising expense using the straight-line method
over four years. The shares underlying the second through fifth milestones are
remeasured at each subsequent reporting date until each sub-branded ICQ mailbox
registration threshold is achieved and the related warrant shares vest, at which
time the fair value attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the
event such remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair
value, which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be
recognized immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone
has been previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not.
As of December 31, 1999, three of the five milestones had been attained
resulting an aggregate charge to stock-based expenses of $27.4 million during
1999. The remaining shares underlying the fourth and fifth milestones were
remeasured using the December 31, 1999 closing price of $94.38 resulting in a
revised fair value of the warrant of $109.7 million. The Company expects that
future changes in the trading price of the Company's Common Stock at the end of
each quarter, and at the time certain milestones are achieved, will cause
additional substantial changes in the ultimate amount of the related stock-based
charges.
In October 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with Qwest
Communications Corporation, pursuant to which the Company will provide email
hosting services to Qwest's customers. As part of the agreement, Qwest agreed to
provide sub-branded advertising for Critical Path in exchange for warrants to
purchase up to a maximum of 3,534,540 shares of Common Stock upon attainment of
each of six milestones. The Company believes that this agreement could have a
significant current and potential future impact on the Company's results of
operations. The following table summarizes the shares underlying each milestone
and the related exercise price:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REGISTERED NO. SHARES
OF SUB-BRANDED UNDERLYING EXERCISE
EMAIL BOXES WARRANTS PRICE
-------------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Milestone 1............................ Upon Execution 589,090 $41.581
Milestone 2............................ 400,000 589,090 44.581
Milestone 3............................ 800,000 589,090 47.581
Milestone 4............................ 1,200,000 589,090 50.581
Milestone 5............................ 1,600,000 589,090 53.581
Milestone 6............................ 2,000,000 589,090 56.581
---------
Total........................ 3,534,540
=========
</TABLE>
The shares underlying those milestones for which achievement is considered
probable are remeasured at each subsequent reporting date, beginning at December
31, 1999, until each sub-branded Qwest mailbox registration threshold is
achieved and the related warrant shares vest, at which time the fair value
attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the event such
remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair value,
which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be recognized
immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone has been
previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not.
Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assuming a term of 5 years
and expected volatility of 90%, the initial fair value of the warrants
associated with the first milestone on the effective date of the agreement
approximated $22.2 million, which is being amortized to advertising expense
using the straight-line method over 3 years. The Company expects that future
changes in the trading price of the Company's Common Stock at the end of each
quarter, and at the time certain milestones are considered probable and
achieved, may cause additional substantial changes in the ultimate amount of the
related stock-based charges.
In December 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with Worldsport
Network Ltd., the exclusive provider of Internet solutions for the General
Association of International Sports Federations ("GAISF") and a majority of the
international federations it recognizes. Worldsport will offer Critical Path's
advanced Web-based email and calendaring services to the entire GAISF network
and its members. As part of the agreement, Worldsport agreed to provide
sub-branded advertising for the Company in exchange for warrants to purchase up
to a 1.25% equity interest in the Company on a fully diluted basis upon
attainment of each of five
39
<PAGE> 40
milestones. The warrants are exercisable for five years after becoming vested.
Any warrants not vested within five years of the date of the agreement will be
cancelled. The Company believes that this agreement could have a significant
current and potential future impact on the Company's results of operations. The
following table summarizes the vesting milestones and related exercise prices:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REGISTERED NO. OF
SUB-BRANDED
EMAIL BOXES EXERCISE PRICE
----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C>
Milestone 1.................... 2 million Average of the Company's closing price for
the 15 days prior to reaching milestone 1
("Initial Exercise Price").
Milestone 2.................... 4 million Initial Exercise Price plus $5.00
Milestone 3.................... 8 million Initial Exercise Price plus $10.00
Milestone 4.................... 12 million Initial Exercise Price plus $15.00
Milestone 5.................... 20 million Initial Exercise Price plus $20.00
</TABLE>
The shares underlying those milestones for which achievement is considered
probable are remeasured at each subsequent reporting date, beginning at December
31, 1999, until each sub-branded Worldsport mailbox registration threshold is
achieved and the related warrant shares vest, at which time the fair value
attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the event such
remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair value,
which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be recognized
immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone has been
previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not.
As of December 31, 1999, none of the milestones were considered probable
and, as a result, no deferred compensation associated with these warrants was
recognized. The Company expects that future changes in the trading price of the
Company's Common Stock at the end of each quarter, and at the time subsequent
milestones considered probable and are achieved, will cause additional
substantial changes in the ultimate amount of the related stock-based charges.
In December 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with one of its
lessors, in connection with an office lease, pursuant to which the lessor is
entitled to purchase up to a maximum of 25,000 shares of Common Stock. The
warrants may be exercised beginning January 1, 2000 through December 20, 2006 at
a price of $90.00 per share. The warrants vest at the beginning of each month on
a straight-line basis in the amount of 521 shares per month.
Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and assuming a term of 6 years
and expected volatility of 90%, the fair value of the warrants on the effective
date of the agreement approximated $2.0 million, which will be amortized to
general and administrative expenses using the straight-line method over 10 years
beginning January 2000.
In January 2000, the docSpace Company entered into an agreement with AT&T
Corporation, pursuant to which the docSpace Company will provide secure
messaging services to AT&T's Internet portal customers. As part of the
agreement, AT&T agreed to provide marketing, publicity, promotional and
provision branding for docSpace, and upon completion of the acquisition for
Critical Path, in exchange for a warrant to purchase up to a maximum of 349,123
shares of Common Stock upon attainment of each of three milestones. The Company
believes that this agreement could have a significant current and potential
future impact on the Company's results of operations. The following table
summarizes the shares underlying each milestone and the related exercise price:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES
UNDERLYING EXERCISE
WARRANTS PRICE
---------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Milestone 1................................................. 199,499 $39.098
Milestone 2................................................. 74,812 39.098
Milestone 3................................................. 74,812 39.098
-------
Total............................................. 349,123
=======
</TABLE>
40
<PAGE> 41
The Company believes that all shares underlying these warrants are
considered probable of issuance. The shares underlying the warrants associated
with first milestone were fully vested on the inception date of the agreement.
The shares underlying the remaining warrants associated with the second and
third milestone will be remeasured at each subsequent reporting date, beginning
at March 31, 2000, until each sub-branded AT&T mailbox registration threshold is
achieved, and the related warrant shares vest, at which time the fair value
attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the event such
remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair value,
which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be recognized
immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone has been
previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not. The Company expects
that future changes in the trading price of the Company's Common Stock at the
end of each quarter, and at the time certain milestones are achieved, will cause
additional substantial changes in the ultimate amount of the related stock-based
charges.
Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assuming a term of 7 years
and expected volatility of 90%, the initial fair value of all the warrants on
the effective date of the agreement approximated $26.4 million, which is
included as a component of the purchase price of the acquisition. The warrants
underlying the second and third milestones will be remeasured at each subsequent
reporting date until the milestone requirements are met. The remeasured amounts
will be capitalized and amortized to advertising expense using the straight-line
method over 3 years.
The Company has incurred significant losses since its inception, and as of
December 31, 1999 had an accumulated deficit of approximately $129.5 million.
The Company intends to continue to invest heavily in sales and marketing,
continued development of its network infrastructure, and continued technology
enhancements. In addition, the Company expects to continue to expand its
business through acquisitions and internal development. The Company expects to
continue to incur substantial operating losses for the foreseeable future.
In view of the rapidly evolving nature of the Company's business, recent
acquisitions, and limited operating history, the Company believes that
period-to-period comparisons of revenues and operating results, including gross
profit margin and operating expenses as a percentage of total net revenues, are
not meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future
performance. At December 31, 1999, the Company had 488 employees, in comparison
with 93 employees at December 31, 1998. The Company does not believe that its
historical growth rates for revenue, expenses, or personnel are indicative of
future results.
41
<PAGE> 42
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table presents the historical results of the Company's
operations for the periods ended December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999 and the
relative composition of net revenues and selected statement of operations data
as a percentage of net revenues for the periods ended December 31, 1998 and
1999, only, as the Company did not begin to generate revenue until 1998.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF
HISTORICAL AMOUNTS NET REVENUES
------------------------------ --------------
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31 1997 1998 1999 1998 1999
------------------------ ------- -------- --------- ------ ----
(IN THOUSANDS)
(UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net revenues.................................... $ -- $ 897 $ 16,157 100% 100%
Cost of net revenues............................ -- (2,346) (21,557) (262) (133)
------- -------- --------- ------ ----
Gross profit (loss)........................... -- (1,449) (5,400) (162) (33)
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing........................... 244 687 13,811 188 85
Research and development...................... 454 2,098 7,682 234 48
General and administrative.................... 358 3,814 14,051 425 87
Acquisition-related retention bonus........... -- -- 3,587 -- 22
Amortization of intangible assets............. -- -- 32,259 -- 200
Stock-based expenses.......................... -- 2,400 46,460 268 288
------- -------- --------- ------ ----
Total operating expenses.............. 1,056 9,999 117,850 1,115 729
------- -------- --------- ------ ----
Loss from operations............................ (1,056) (11,448) (123,250) (1,277) (763)
Interest and other income, net................ -- 375 7,061 42 44
Interest expense.............................. (18) (388) (752) (43) (5)
------- -------- --------- ------ ----
Net loss........................................ $(1,074) $(11,461) $(116,941) (1,278)% (724)%
======= ======== ========= ====== ====
</TABLE>
Net Revenues
Net revenues increased to $16.2 million in 1999 from $897,000 in 1998.
These increases in net revenue resulted from a substantial increase in the
number of email boxes the Company hosted during 1999 in comparison with the
previous year, as well as from the contribution to current revenues of acquired
companies' revenue streams. At December 31, 1999, the Company hosted 11.1
million active email boxes compared to 800,000 email boxes at December 31, 1998.
In addition, the Company recognized $1.0 million from licensing its software in
1999.
In connection with certain customer contracts executed in 1998, the Company
granted warrants and stock purchase rights to purchase Series B Convertible
Preferred Stock. The fair value of these warrants and stock purchase rights,
determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, has been recognized
ratably as a sales discount over the terms of the respective agreements.
Amortization of this discount amounted to $231,000 and $106,000 for the years
ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
In early 1998, the Company executed agreements with E*TRADE, an online
brokerage services company, and Verio, a web hosting organization, pursuant to
which the Company derives revenue for providing messaging services. During the
years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, E*TRADE accounted for approximately 62%
and 15%, respectively, of the Company's net revenues, excluding the value of
stock purchase rights received by customers. During these same periods, Verio
accounted for approximately 30% and 4%, respectively, of the Company's net
revenues.
Cost of Net Revenues
Cost of net revenues consists principally of costs incurred in the delivery
and support messaging services, including depreciation of capital equipment used
in network infrastructure, amortization of purchased technology included in
intangibles, and personnel costs incurred in operations and customer support
functions.
42
<PAGE> 43
During 1999, these costs were $21.6 million or 133% of net revenues, in
comparison with costs of $2.3 million or 262% of net revenues, for 1998.
Significant acquisitions of equipment for data centers have been made over the
past 12 months, and as a result depreciation expense of networking equipment
during 1999 increased substantially in comparison with the previous year.
Additionally, the Company incurred $3.5 million of consulting and outside
contractor charges during 1999 in its continued effort to enhance its network
and migrate to a new storage platform. Staffing also increased significantly in
operations and customer support during 1998 and 1999, resulting in increased
compensation and other personnel costs. Operations and customer support staff
increased from no employees at December 31, 1997, to 25 employees at December
31, 1998, and further to 174 employees as of December 31, 1999.
During the year ended December 31, 1999, the Company also incurred a
stock-based charge of approximately $2.0 million in connection with a severance
agreement for a terminated employee. This expense was charged to cost of net
revenues, based on the functions and duties previously performed by the
terminated employee. Furthermore, the Company recognized stock-based charges
associated with stock options granted with an exercise price below market value
on the date of grant to employees involved in the revenue-generating activities
of the Company in the amount of $193,000 and $2.6 million in 1998 and 1999,
respectively. Excluding these special charges, cost of net revenues would have
been $2.2 million or 240% of net revenues and $17.0 million or 105% of net
revenues, respectively.
Operating Expenses
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist principally of
compensation for sales and marketing personnel, advertising, public relations,
other promotional costs, and, to a lesser extent, related overhead. Sales and
marketing expenses during the year ended December 31, 1999, amounted to $13.8
million, or 85.5% of net revenues, in comparison with $1.7 million, or 188.1%,
during the previous year and $244,000 in 1997. Increases in marketing and
promotional expenses, incentive compensation payments to sales personnel, and
increases in compensation associated with additional headcount accounted for the
increase in sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing staff increased
from 30 employees to 168 employees at December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
At December 31, 1997, the Company had 2 employees in sales and marketing.
Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist
principally of compensation for technical staff, payments to outside
contractors, and, to a lesser extent, related overhead. The Company recognizes
research and development expenses, in-process research and development costs, as
they are incurred. Research and development expenses amounted to $7.7 million,
or 47.5% of net revenues, during the year ended December 31, 1999, in comparison
with $2.1 million, or 233.9% of net revenues, for the previous year and $454,000
in 1997.
These significant increases resulted primarily from increases in personnel
and use of outside contractors as the Company continues to develop and enhance
its messaging service offerings and to develop new electronic messaging
services. Research and development staff increased from 27 employees to 94
employees at December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. At December 31, 1997, the
Company had 11 employees in research and development.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist
principally of compensation for personnel, fees for outside professional
services, occupancy costs and, to a lesser extent, related overhead. General and
administrative expenses amounted to approximately $14.1 million, or 87.0% of net
revenues, during the year ended December 31, 1999, in comparison with $3.8
million or 425.2% of net revenues, during the previous fiscal year and $358,000
in 1997. These increases were attributable primarily to increases in
compensation associated with additional headcount, higher fees for outside
professional services, and higher occupancy costs. General and administrative
staff increased from 11 employees to 52 employees at December 31, 1998 and 1999,
respectively. At December 31, 1997, the Company had 4 employees performing
general and administrative functions.
43
<PAGE> 44
Acquisition-Related Bonus Program
In connection with its acquisitions of dotOne, Amplitude, Xeti and FaxNet,
the Company established a retention bonus program in the aggregate amount of $14
million to provide incentive for former dotOne, Amplitude, Xeti and FaxNet
employees to continue their employment with Critical Path. Payment of bonuses to
the listed employees will occur one year following the date of acquisition,
unless the listed employees voluntarily terminate their employment with the
Company prior to the respective acquisition's one-year anniversary. The
aggregate amount of the eligible bonuses is adjusted downward at each point that
a former dotOne, Amplitude, and FaxNet employee chooses to terminate his or her
employment with the Company. The amount of any such downward adjustment
corresponds to the amount that the terminating employee would have received had
he or she elected to continue employment with the Company. A ratable share of
the adjusted eligible bonus amount will be accrued and charged to compensation
expense over the respective 12 months commencing on the date the bonuses are
granted.
As of December 31, 1999, the aggregate, adjusted eligible bonus amount was
$11.6 million, and the ratable charge to 1999 compensation expense was $4.1
million. Based on the functions of the employees scheduled to receive
acquisition bonuses, $520,000 of the compensation charge was allocated to cost
of net revenues and the remaining $3,587,000 was allocated to operating
expenses.
Similar bonus programs have also been established to provide incentives for
former employees of ISOCOR, docSpace and RemarQ to continue their employment
with Critical Path in the amount of $741,000, $5.0 million, and $2.0 million,
respectively.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
In connection with its acquisitions of Fabrik, dotOne, Amplitude, Xeti and
FaxNet, accounted for under the purchase method of accounting, the Company
recorded goodwill and other intangible assets representing the excess of the
purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets acquired. Other intangible
assets primarily include assembled workforce, customer base and existing
technology. The aggregate amortization of these intangibles was $32.3 million in
1999. There were no acquisitions in 1997 or 1998. The Company anticipates that
future amortization of intangibles associated with its 1999 and first quarter
2000 acquisitions will continue to be amortized on a straight-line basis over
their expected useful lives ranging from two to eight years, and will amount to
approximately $87.4 million in 2000, $96.1 million in 2001, $92.0 million in
2002, $22.7 million in 2003 and approximately $6.0 million thereafter until the
related goodwill and other purchased intangibles are fully amortized. It is
likely that the Company will continue to expand its business through
acquisitions and internal development. Any additional acquisitions or impairment
of goodwill and other purchased intangibles could result in additional merger
and acquisition related costs.
Stock-Based Expenses
In connection with certain stock option grants and Common Stock issuances
during the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, the Company recognized
unearned compensation totaling $19.9 million and $22.3 million, respectively,
which is being amortized over the vesting periods of the related options.
Amortization expense recognized during 1998 and 1999 totaled approximately $2.5
million and $17.6 million, respectively. Approximately $193,000 and $2.6 million
of amortized unearned compensation was allocated to cost of net revenues, and
the remaining $2.3 million and $15.0 million was amortized to operating expenses
for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. During 1999, the
Company also incurred a one-time stock-based charge of approximately $2 million
in connection with a severance agreement for a terminated employee. This expense
was charged to cost of net revenues.
The Company incurred stock-based expenses for warrants the Company granted
to ICQ, a subsidiary of AOL, and Qwest, and for Common Stock issued to one other
strategic partner. Amortization of the fair value of these warrants and Common
Stock resulted in stock-based expenses of approximately $31.1 million for the
year ended December 31, 1999.
44
<PAGE> 45
Interest and Other Income and Interest Expense
Interest and other income consists primarily of interest earnings on cash
and cash equivalents. Interest and other income amounted to $375,000 and $7.1
million during the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. The
Company completed private placements of equity securities in April 1998,
September 1998, and January 1999, and closed public offerings of Common Stock in
April 1999 and June 1999. As a result, interest income increased significantly
during 1999 in comparison with 1998 due to higher cash balances available for
investing. During the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, the Company
incurred interest expense on capital lease obligations and stock-based charges
in the amount of $388,000 and $752,000, respectively, of which $161,000 and
$64,000 related to the amortization of stock-based charges and the remainder to
interest payments on capital lease obligations.
Income Taxes
No provision for federal or state income taxes has been recorded as the
Company has incurred net operating losses from its inception through December
31, 1999. As of December 31, 1999, the Company had approximately $94.9 million
of federal and state net operating loss carryforwards, which expire in varying
amounts through 2019 and 2005, respectively, available to offset future taxable
income. Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the amounts of and benefits from net
operating loss carryforwards may be impaired or limited in certain
circumstances. For example, the amount of net operating losses that the Company
may utilize in any one year would be limited in the presence of a cumulative
ownership change of more than 50% over a three-year period. At December 31,
1999, the Company also had research and development credit carryforwards of
approximately $1.2 million and $717,000 for federal and state purposes,
respectively. The research and development credit carryforwards begin to expire
through 2019 for federal purposes, and do not expire for state purposes. Because
there is significant doubt as to whether the Company will realize any benefit
from this deferred tax asset, the Company has established a full valuation
allowance as of December 31, 1999.
45
<PAGE> 46
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly statements of
operations data for each of the Company's most recent quarters. This information
has been derived from Critical Path's consolidated unaudited financial
statements, which, in management's opinion, have been prepared on the same basis
as the audited consolidated financial statements, and include all adjustments,
consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair
presentation of the information for the quarters presented. This information
should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements
of Critical Path and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this document. The
operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the
operating results for any future period.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
------------------ ----------------------------------------------
THIRD FOURTH FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net revenues............... $ 156 $ 605 $ 1,049 $ 2,006 $ 4,913 $ 8,189
Cost of net revenues....... 941 1,093 2,360 3,977 7,523 7,697
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Gross profit (loss)...... (785) (488) (1,311) (1,971) (2,610) 492
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing...... 558 851 1,984 3,219 3,557 5,051
Research and
development........... 560 861 1,379 1,430 1,895 2,978
General and
administrative........ 895 1,726 1,550 2,691 3,678 6,132
Acquisition-related
retention bonus....... -- -- -- -- 570 3,017
Amortization of
intangible assets..... -- -- -- 550 9,263 22,446
Stock-based expenses..... 224 1,532 11,657 8,162 5,425 21,216
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Total operating
expenses....... 2,237 4,970 16,570 16,052 24,388 60,840
Loss from operations....... (3,022) (5,458) (17,881) (18,023) (26,998) (60,348)
Interest and other income,
net...................... 48 255 351 1,882 2,841 1,987
Interest expense........... (87) (126) (64) (180) (167) (341)
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Net loss................... $(3,061) $(5,329) $ (17,594) $ (16,321) $(24,324) $(58,702)
======= ======= ========= ========= ======== ========
AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUES
Net revenues............... 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Cost of net revenues....... 603 181 225 198 153 94
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Gross profit (loss)...... (503) (81) (125) (98) (53) 6
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing...... 358 141 189 161 72 62
Research and
development........... 359 142 131 71 38 36
General and
administrative........ 574 285 148 134 75 75
Acquisition-related
retention bonus....... -- -- -- -- 12 37
Amortization of
intangible assets..... -- -- -- 27 189 274
Stock-based expenses..... 143 253 1,111 407 110 259
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Total operating
expenses....... 1,434 821 1,579 800 496 743
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Loss from operations....... (1,937) (902) (1,704) (898) (549) (737)
Interest and other income,
net...................... 31 42 33 94 57 24
Interest expense........... (56) (21) (6) (9) (3) (4)
------- ------- --------- --------- -------- --------
Net loss................... (1,962)% (881)% (1,677)% (813)% (495)% (717)%
======= ======= ========= ========= ======== ========
</TABLE>
46
<PAGE> 47
Net revenues increased quarterly due to a continuous increase in the number
of email boxes hosted during the last half of 1998 and 1999, as well as from the
contribution to 1999 revenues of acquired companies' revenue streams.
Cost of net revenues increased as a result of the depreciation expense
associated with significant acquisitions of equipment for data centers made
during 1999. Additionally, the Company incurred $3.5 million of consulting and
outside contractor charges during 1999 in its continued effort to enhance its
network and migrate to a new storage platform. During the third quarter of 1999,
the Company incurred a one-time stock-based charge of approximately $2 million
in connection with a severance agreement for a terminated employee. This expense
was charged to cost of net revenues, based on the functions and duties
previously performed by the terminated employee. Furthermore, the Company
recognized stock-based charges associated with stock options granted with an
exercise price below market value on the date of grant to employees involved in
the revenue-generating activities of the Company in the amount of $193,000 and
$4.5 million in 1998 and 1999, respectively.
Operating expenses increased on a quarterly basis as a result of staffing
increases in operations and customer support during the second half 1998 and
1999, resulting in increased compensation and other personnel costs. In
addition, the Company incurred higher fees for outside professional services and
amortization of unearned compensation. Furthermore, the Company's 1999
acquisitions resulted in amortization charges for purchased intangibles as well
as acquisition-related retention bonuses during the second had half of 1999.
Fluctuations in Quarterly Results
The Company has incurred operating losses since inception and cannot be
certain that profitability will be achieved on a quarterly or annual basis in
the future. The Company believes that future operating results will be subject
to quarterly fluctuations due to a variety of factors, including, but not
limited to:
- continued growth of the Internet and of email usage;
- demand for outsourced messaging and collaboration services;
- the ability to attract and retain customers and maintain customer
satisfaction;
- the ability to upgrade, develop and maintain systems and infrastructure;
- the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures
relating to expansion of the Company's business and infrastructure;
- technical difficulties or system outages;
- the announcement or introduction of new or enhanced services by
competitors;
- the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel with Internet
industry expertise, particularly sales and marketing personnel;
- the pricing policies of competitors;
- failure to increase international sales; and
- governmental regulation surrounding the Internet and email in particular.
In addition to the factors set forth above, operating results will be
impacted by the extent to which the Company incurs non-cash charges associated
with stock-based arrangements with the employees and non-employees. In
particular, the Company expects to incur substantial non-cash charges associated
with the grant of warrants to ICQ, Inc., a subsidiary of America Online, and may
incur substantial non-cash charges associated with the grant of warrants to
Qwest Communications Corporation and Worldsport Network Ltd. In addition to
amortization, which totaled $28.8 million in 1999, of the initial fair value of
these warrants, future changes in the trading price of the Company's Common
Stock at the end of each quarter and at the date the
47
<PAGE> 48
related milestones are achieved will cause additional substantial changes in the
ultimate amount of such amortization.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's cash and cash equivalents increased by approximately $61.2
million during the year ended December 31, 1999. This net change occurred as the
Company raised approximately $259.8 million in proceeds from the sale of equity
securities, net of issuance costs, and exercise of stock options, used $23.8
million in cash to fund operating activities, paid $116.4 million (net of cash
acquired) to consummate acquisitions, advanced $15.0 million to third parties
and approximately $200,000 to officers pursuant to promissory notes, invested
$7.5 million to obtain equity positions in strategic partners, disbursed $41.8
million to purchase property and equipment, and paid $3.4 million to retire
principal on capital lease obligations and acquire treasury shares. Installation
of network infrastructure equipment in the Company's data centers, license of
new software platforms, purchases of furniture and equipment for new employees,
and leasehold improvements related to expansion of the Company's facilities
accounted for the significant increase in capital expenditures. The Company
expects that investments in property and equipment will continue to grow as the
Company seeks to increase its capacity to provide end-to-end messaging and
collaboration services. Capital lease obligations, including both short-term and
long-term portions, increased approximately $8.3 million, net of principal
repayments, during 1999 as the Company secured financing for a substantial share
of the additions to property and equipment. The Company's capital lease
obligations contain no provisions that would limit the Company's future
borrowing ability.
In January 1999, the Company completed the second round of the Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock financing through the issuance of approximately 3.2
million shares, including 454,544 shares issued pursuant to outstanding stock
purchase rights, for net proceeds of $12.5 million. Also in January 1999, the
Company sold 1,090,909 shares of Common Stock for net proceeds of $2.4 million.
In April 1999, the Company received approximately $114.1 million in net proceeds
upon the closing of the Company's initial public offering of Common Stock. In
June 1999, the Company received approximately $140.7 million in net proceeds
upon the closing of its secondary public offering of Common Stock.
In May 1999, the Company made a minority investment of $3 million in the
common stock of Starmedia Network, Inc. Based on the closing price of
Starmedia's stock at December 31, 1999, the fair value of the Company's
investment was $10.9 million and is recorded in Investments. The excess of the
investment's carrying value over its cost is recorded as an unrealized gain on
investments and included in the equity section of the Company's balance sheet.
The Company made additional investments during 1999 in privately-held companies
totaling $4.5 million.
In July 1999, the Company advanced $10.0 million to a privately-held
company pursuant to a promissory note. The note bears interest at the prime rate
of interest as stipulated in The Wall Street Journal. The amount was advanced in
connection with the Company's evaluation of the obligor for potential
acquisition. Under the terms of the note, all principal and accrued interest is
repayable within 90 days of written demand by the holder. Upon the decision by
the Company not to proceed with an acquisition of the obligor, the Company
presented a demand notice for repayment on August 18, 1999. All principal and
interest was subsequently paid.
In August 1999, the Company advanced $5.0 million to docSpace pursuant to a
promissory note. The note bore interest at a rate equal to 8.0% per annum simple
interest. The amount was advanced in connection with the Company's evaluation of
docSpace for potential acquisition. Under the terms of the note, any portion of
the principal and/or interest outstanding on the note may be converted into
Common Stock at the election of docSpace. In March of 2000, the Company
consummated its acquisition of docSpace at which time a portion of this advance
was converted into common stock of docSpace with the remainder offsetting the
cash portion paid.
The Company believes that existing capital resources will enable it to
maintain current and planned operations for at least the next 12 months.
However, operating and investing activities on a long-term basis may require the
Company to seek additional equity or debt financing. In addition, the Company
may, from
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<PAGE> 49
time to time, evaluate potential acquisitions of other businesses, products, and
technologies. In the first quarter of 2000, the Company completed its
acquisitions ISOCOR and docSpace and as a result, expended approximately $51.1
million in cash proceeds and other acquisition costs. In addition, the Company
anticipates closing its proposed acquisition of RemarQ on or before March 31,
2000, resulting in $500,000 of estimated cash expenditures. The Company expects
that future acquisitions of businesses and other strategic assets will require
considerable outlays of capital. The Company also expects to incur significant
capital expenditures in connection with its financial accounting integration
system.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements," which provides guidance on the recognition, presentation, and
disclosure of revenue in financial statements filed with the SEC. SAB No. 101
outlines the basic criteria that must be met to recognize revenue and provides
guidance for disclosures related to revenue recognition policies. Management
believes that the impact of SAB No. 101 will not have a material effect on the
financial position or results of operations of the Company.
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS
133"). SFAS 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative
instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other
contracts (collectively referred to as derivatives), and for hedging activities.
In June 1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities -- Deferral of Effective Date of FASB
Statement No. 133" ("SFAS 137"). SFAS 133, as amended by SFAS 137, is effective
for all fiscal quarters of all fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000, with
earlier application encouraged. Critical Path does not currently use derivative
instruments.
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<PAGE> 50
SUPPLEMENTAL PRO FORMA FINANCIAL DATA
The following supplemental pro forma financial information presents the
Company's consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31,
1998 and 1999, excluding the impact of certain special items consisting of (i)
stock-based compensation charges associated with outstanding options and
warrants, (ii) amortization of intangible assets associated with purchase
business combinations, and (iii) accruals for employee retention bonuses
associated with purchase business combinations. Such supplemental presentation
is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace the
consolidated operating results prepared and presented in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31 1998 1999
------------------------ ----------------------- -----------------------
AS REPORTED PRO FORMA AS REPORTED PRO FORMA
----------- --------- ----------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net revenues(1)..................................... $ 897 $ 1,128 $ 16,157 $ 16,263
Cost of net revenues(2)............................. (2,346) (2,153) (21,557) (17,025)
-------- ------- --------- --------
Gross profit (loss)................................. (1,449) (1,025) (5,400) (762)
-------- ------- --------- --------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing............................... 1,687 1,687 13,811 13,811
Research and development.......................... 2,098 2,098 7,682 7,682
General and administrative........................ 3,814 3,814 14,051 14,051
Acquisition-related retention bonus(3)............ -- -- 3,587 --
Amortization of intangible assets(3).............. -- -- 32,259 --
Stock-based expenses(4)........................... 2,400 -- 46,460 --
-------- ------- --------- --------
Total operating expenses.................. 9,999 7,599 117,850 35,544
-------- ------- --------- --------
Loss from operations................................ (11,448) (8,624) (123,250) (36,306)
Interest and other income, net...................... 375 375 7,061 7,061
Interest expense(5)................................. (388) (227) (752) (688)
-------- ------- --------- --------
Net loss............................................ $(11,461) $(8,476) $(116,941) $(29,933)
-------- ------- --------- --------
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Pro Forma amounts exclude stock-based charges associated with warrants and
stock purchase rights issued to certain customers as part of an email
services agreement.
(2) Pro Forma amounts exclude stock-based charges associated with stock options
granted with an exercise price below market value on the date of grant to
employees involved in the revenue-generating activities of the Company. In
addition, the pro forma amounts exclude approximately $2 million associated
with a severance agreement with a terminated employee.
(3) Pro Forma amounts exclude acquisition-related retention bonuses and
amortization of intangible assets associated with the Company's acquisition
during 1999.
(4) Pro Forma amounts exclude stock-based charges associated with stock options
and stock purchase rights issued to certain employees and outside
consultants, as well as warrants issued with the marketing agreement between
the Company and ICQ and Qwest.
(5) Pro Forma amounts exclude stock-based charges associated with warrants
issued to certain lenders in connection with the Company's various
financings and promissory notes.
50
<PAGE> 51
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company does not have any derivative financial instruments as of
December 31, 1999. However, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk. The
Company employs established policies and procedures to manage its exposure to
changes in the market risk of its marketable securities, which are classified as
available-for-sale as of December 31, 1998. The Company's capital lease
obligations have fixed interest rates and the fair value of these instruments is
affected by changes in market interest rates. The Company believes that the
market risk arising from holdings of its financial instruments is not material.
In the future, mainly as a result of the Company's acquisition of ISOCOR in
January 2000, a substantial portion of the Company's worldwide operations will
have a functional currency other than the United States dollar. In particular,
the Company will maintain substantial development operations in Ireland, where
the functional currency is the Irish Pound; Germany, where the functional
currency is the German Mark; and Italy, where the functional currency is the
Lira. In addition, a significant portion of the Company's revenues will also be
denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar. Fluctuations in
exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of
operations and could also result in exchange losses. The impact of future
exchange rate fluctuations cannot be predicted adequately. To date, the Company
has not sought to hedge the risks associated with fluctuations in exchange
rates, but may undertake such transactions in the future. There can be no
assurance that any hedging techniques implemented by the Company would be
successful or that the Company's results of operations will not be materially
adversely affected by exchange rate fluctuations.
Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosure about
market risk is set forth in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations -- Liquidity and Capital Resources."
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA
Reference is made to the Index of Consolidated Financial Statements which
appears on page F-1 of this report. The Report of Independent Accountants,
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
which are listed in the Index of Consolidated Financial Statements and which
appear beginning on page F-2 of this report are incorporated into this Item 8.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
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<PAGE> 52
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The executive officers, directors and key employees of Critical Path and
their ages as of March 15, 2000 are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AGE POSITION
---- --- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Douglas T. Hickey.................... 45 Chief Executive Officer and Director
David C. Hayden...................... 45 Chairman of the Board of Directors
David A. Thatcher.................... 45 President
Mark J. Rubash....................... 42 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Paul R. Gigg......................... 46 Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Joseph Duncan........................ 52 Vice President and Chief Information Officer
Michael Serbinis..................... 26 Vice President and Chief Security Officer
Judie A. Hayes....................... 53 Vice President of Corporate Communications
William H. Rinehart.................. 36 Vice President of Worldwide Internet Sales
Marcy Swenson........................ 36 Vice President of Architecture
Mari E. Tangredi..................... 36 Vice President of Corporate Development
Cynthia D. Whitehead................. 53 Vice President of Operations and Customer Service
Brett M. Robertson................... 39 Vice President of Strategic Development and General
Counsel
Sharon Wienbar....................... 38 Vice President Marketing
R. Scott Newth....................... 36 Vice President, Finance and Planning
Christos M. Cotsakos................. 51 Director
Lisa Gansky(1)....................... 41 Director
Kevin R. Harvey(1)................... 35 Director
James A. Smith(2).................... 47 Director
George Zachary(2).................... 34 Director
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Member of Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
(2) Member of Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Douglas T. Hickey has served as the Chief Executive Officer and a director
of Critical Path since October 1998, and was also President from October 1998
through January 2000. From February 1998 to October 1998, Mr. Hickey served as
Executive Vice President of Frontier Communications Corporation, a
telecommunications company, and as President of Frontier GlobalCenter. From July
1996 to February 1998, Mr. Hickey served as President and CEO of GlobalCenter,
Inc., a web hosting company. In February 1998, GlobalCenter was acquired by
Frontier. From December 1994 to July 1996, Mr. Hickey was President of Internet
services at MFS Communications, a provider of high-speed fiber-optic services.
From September 1990 to November 1994, Mr. Hickey was general manager of North
American sales and field operations at Ardis, a Motorola company. Mr. Hickey
received a B.S. in economics from Siena College.
David C. Hayden founded Critical Path and served as the Chairman, President
and Chief Executive Officer and Secretary from its inception in February 1997 to
October 1998. Mr. Hayden has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of
Critical Path since October 1998. From February 1993 to August 1996, Mr. Hayden
served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and co-founder of The McKinley
Group, Inc., creators of Magellan, an Internet search engine. Mr. Hayden
received a B.A. in political science from Stanford University.
David A. Thatcher became President of Critical Path on January 31, 2000;
prior to that he served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and
Secretary of Critical Path since December 1998, and served as a director of
Critical Path from May 1997 to March 1998 and from May 1998 to November 1998.
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<PAGE> 53
From June 1998 to December 1998, Mr. Thatcher served as President and Chief
Executive Officer of Geoworks Corporation, a provider of software solutions for
the wireless market. Mr. Thatcher joined Geoworks Corporation in March 1997 as
Vice President of Finance and Administration and Chief Financial Officer and was
appointed President and Director in January 1998. From May 1996 to January 1997,
Mr. Thatcher served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Diba, Inc.,
an Internet software company, which was later acquired by Sun Microsystems, Inc.
From January 1996 to May 1996, Mr. Thatcher served as Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer of The McKinley Group. From March 1993 to November 1995, Mr.
Thatcher served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Peregrine
Systems, Inc., a provider of customer support software. Mr. Thatcher received a
B.S. in accounting from San Diego State University and is a CPA in California.
Mark J. Rubash joined Critical Path as Executive Vice President, Chief
Financial Officer in January 2000. From July 1992 through January 2000, Mr.
Rubash served as a Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent
accounting and consulting firm. From October 1987 through July 1992, Mr. Rubash
served as a Manager and Senior Manager of Price Waterhouse LLP. Mr. Rubash
received a B.S. in accounting from California State University at Sacramento and
is a Certified Public Accountant in California.
Paul R. Gigg became the Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
Officer of Critical Path upon the closing of its merger with ISOCOR on January
19, 2000. He joined ISOCOR in 1993 and had served as its President, Chief
Executive Officer and a member of the Board of Directors since November 1997.
Prior to joining ISOCOR, Mr. Gigg was Director of Marketing and Engineering at
Dowty Communications (formerly Case Communications), a developer and supplier of
networking products. Mr. Gigg holds a B.S.E.E. degree from the University of
Wales, United Kingdom.
Joseph Duncan has served as Vice President and Chief Information Officer of
Critical Path since December 1998. From December 1997 to December 1998, Mr.
Duncan was founder and Chief Executive Officer of Charybdis Software, a software
company. From June 1993 to November 1997, Mr. Duncan held various positions at
Oracle Corporation, most recently as Senior Vice President for Groupware Systems
and Object-Oriented Tools. Mr. Duncan received a B.A. in philosophy from the
University of Minnesota.
Michael Serbinis joined Critical Path as its Chief Security Officer in
March 2000. From November 1997 to March 2000, Mr. Serbinis was the Chief
Technology Officer of The docSpace Company, which he co-founded in November
1997. From September 1996 to October 1997, Mr. Serbinis was a software engineer
for Total Control, a subsidiary of General Electric. From April 1996 to August
1996, Mr. Serbinis led search engine engineering at Zip2 Corporation. From
September 1992 to September 1995, Mr. Serbinis was an artificial intelligence
research engineer with Microsoft Corporation. Mr. Serbinis received a BSc in
Engineering Physics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Judie A. Hayes joined Critical Path as Vice President of Corporate
Communications in December 1998. From January 1997 to December 1998, Ms. Hayes
served as Vice President Corporate Marketing and Communications for Frontier
GlobalCenter. From March 1995 to January 1997, Ms. Hayes served as Senior
Director of Corporate Communications for NETCOM On-Line Communication Services,
Inc., an Internet service provider. Ms. Hayes has served as Director of
Marketing Communications for MCI Data Services Division, a telecommunications
company, and Director of Corporate Communications for British Telecom North
America, a telecommunications company. Ms. Hayes received her bachelor's degree
from University of Wisconsin-Whitewater.
William H. Rinehart joined Critical Path as Vice President, Sales in
November 1998. From May 1997 to November 1998, Mr. Rinehart served as Senior
Vice President, General Manager at Frontier GlobalCenter. From July 1996 to June
1997, Mr. Rinehart held a range of positions including Vice President, Product
Development and Vice President, Sales for Genuity, a Bechtel company. He has
also served as Vice President, General Manager at MFS Communications, Internet
Division, from January 1995 to July 1996. From April 1993 to January 1995, Mr.
Rinehart was a Senior Account Executive at Ardis, a wireless data communications
company. Mr. Rinehart received a B.S. in business administration from Ball State
University.
53
<PAGE> 54
Marcy Swenson has served as the Vice President of Software Engineering of
Critical Path since June 1997. From May 1995 to June 1997, Ms. Swenson served as
Vice President of Software Development at Providence Systems. In June 1987, Ms.
Swenson co-founded After Hours Software, Inc., which provides custom software
solutions to Fortune 500 customers, and served as Vice President of Software and
Consulting Services until May 1994. Ms. Swenson has completed advanced studies
in Artificial Intelligence at Stanford University, and received a B.S. in
math/computer science from UCLA.
Mari E. Tangredi has served as Vice President, Corporate Development for
Critical Path since January 2000. From August 1999 to January 2000, Ms. Tangredi
served as Vice President, Business Development at Critical Path, and prior to
that she had served as the company's Vice President, Business Development and
Marketing. From June 1995 to November 1997, Ms. Tangredi served as the General
Manager/Vice President of Electronic Commerce of Pacific Bell. From July 1986 to
May 1995, Ms. Tangredi worked at AT&T Corp. as a programmer and later in various
positions in sales, emerging product development and customer care, providing
network products and services to Fortune 500 customers. Ms. Tangredi received a
B.S. in M.I.S. from Clarkson University and an M.B.A in high technology from
Northeastern University.
Cynthia D. Whitehead has served as Vice President of Customer Service since
March 1999. From May 1998 to March 1999, Ms. Whitehead was an independent
information technology consultant. From 1997 to May 1998, Ms. Whitehead was Vice
President of Information Technology and Chief Information Officer of SBC
Communications, parent of Pacific Bell and Southwestern Bell. From 1970 to 1997,
Ms. Whitehead was employed in various capacities with Pacific Telesis, most
recently as Chief Information Officer and as Vice President -- Technology
Services Group of its Pacific Bell operating subsidiary. Ms. Whitehead received
a B.A. in Psychology from Stanford University.
Brett M. Robertson has served as Vice President of Strategic Development
and General Counsel since June 1999. From July 1998 to December 1998, Ms.
Robertson served as General Counsel of Broderbund Software. From August 1994 to
July 1998 Ms. Robertson served as Associate General Counsel of Broderbund
Software. From 1986 to August 1994, Ms. Robertson practiced corporate law at
various law firms including Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, O'Melveny and
Myers, and Cooley Godward LLP. Ms. Robertson received her B.A. from the
University of California at Berkeley and her J.D. from the University of
Virginia.
Sharon Wienbar has served as Vice President of Marketing of Critical Path
since August 1999. From March 1999 to August 1999, Ms. Wienbar served as Vice
President Marketing at Amplitude Software. From 1991 to 1998, Ms. Wienbar was
most recently Vice President at Adobe Systems. Ms. Wienbar received her M.S. and
B.A. from Harvard University and her M.B.A. from Stanford.
R. Scott Newth has served as Vice President of Finance and Planning since
March 2000. From July 1999 to March 2000, Mr. Newth served as President,
Enterprise Messaging. From February 1998 to July 1999, Mr. Newth was President
and Chief Executive Officer of DotOne Corporation. From March 1997 to February
1998, Mr. Newth served as Chief Financial Officer of DotOne. Prior to joining
DotOne, Mr. Newth spent eleven years in investment and merchant banking in large
international companies. Mr. Newth received his B.S. in Finance and M.B.A. from
Florida State University.
Christos M. Cotsakos has served as a director of Critical Path since May
1998. Mr. Cotsakos has served as President, Chief Executive Officer and a
director of E*TRADE Group, an on-line brokerage services company, since March
1996. From March 1995 to January 1996, Mr. Cotsakos served as President,
Co-Chief Executive Officer, Chief Operating Officer and a director of A.C.
Nielsen, Inc. From September 1993 to March 1995, he served as President and
Chief Executive Officer of Nielsen International. From March 1992 to September
1993, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Nielsen Europe,
Middle East and Africa. Mr. Cotsakos serves as a director of National Processing
Company, Forte Software, Inc. and The Fourth Network Communications Network,
Inc. Mr. Cotsakos received a B.A. from William Patterson College and an M.B.A.
from Pepperdine University and is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in economics at the
Management School, University of London.
Lisa Gansky has served as a director of Critical Path since May 1998. Ms.
Gansky has been a Principal at Trading Fours, a venture development company,
since January 1997. From June 1995 to January 1997,
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<PAGE> 55
Ms. Gansky served as Vice President of AOL, Inc., an online and Internet
services company. From June 1994 to January 1995, Ms. Gansky founded and served
as Chief Executive Officer of Global Network Navigator, Inc., an Internet
solutions company.
Kevin R. Harvey has served as a director of Critical Path since April 1998.
Mr. Harvey has been a General Partner of Benchmark Capital, a venture capital
firm, since January 1995. From July 1993 to January 1995, he served as General
Manager for Lotus Development Corporation. In August 1990, Mr. Harvey founded
Approach Software Corporation ("Approach"), a software company, where he served
as the President and Chief Executive Officer until July 1993 when Approach was
sold to Lotus Development Corporation. Prior to founding Approach, Mr. Harvey
founded Styleware, a software company, which was subsequently sold to Claris
Corporation. Mr. Harvey is also a director of Silicon Gaming, Inc., an
entertainment and gaming technology company, and a director of several privately
held companies. Mr. Harvey received a B.S.E.E. degree from Rice University,
1987.
James A. Smith has served as a director of Critical Path since January
1999. Mr. Smith has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of US
West Dex, a provider of Internet directory and database marketing services,
since October 1997. From March 1996 to October 1997, Mr. Smith served as Vice
President of Local Markets for US West. From July 1992 to March 1996, Mr. Smith
served as Vice President and General Manager of Mass Markets for US West. Mr.
Smith received a B.A. from Willamette University and a J.D. from the University
of Washington.
George Zachary has served as a director of Critical Path since April 1998.
Mr. Zachary has been a partner at Mohr, Davidow Ventures II, a venture capital
firm, since January 1996. From March 1993 to December 1997, Mr. Zachary ran the
consumer products business at Silicon Graphics, Inc., a computer workstation
company. Since September 1986 until March 1993, Mr. Zachary has held various
engineering and marketing management positions at Silicon Graphics, Inc., VPL
Research, Inc., Apple Computer, Inc., Texas Instruments Incorporated and C-ATS
Software Inc. Mr. Zachary received a B.S. degree from Massachusetts Institute of
Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sloan School of Management.
We have authorized seven (7) directors. All directors are elected to hold
office until our next annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors
have been elected. Officers are elected at the first board of directors meeting
following the stockholders' meeting at which the directors are elected and serve
at the discretion of the board of directors. There are no family relationships
among any of our directors or executive officers.
COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
The Compensation Committee is responsible for determining salaries,
incentives and other forms of compensation for our directors, officers and other
employees and administering various incentive compensation and benefit plans.
The Compensation Committee consists of two outside directors. Lisa Gansky and
Kevin Harvey are currently the two outside directors on our Compensation
Committee.
DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
We reimburse each member of our board of directors for out-of-pocket
expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings. No member of our
board of directors currently receives any additional cash compensation. In
connection with their joining the board of directors in May 1998, directors
Christos Cotsakos and Lisa Gansky each received an option to purchase 136,363
shares of common stock vesting monthly over two years at an exercise price of
$0.22 per share.
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<PAGE> 56
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth the total compensation received for services
rendered to us during 1999 by our Chief Executive Officer and our four other
most highly compensated executive officers who received salary and bonus in 1999
in excess of $100,000 ("Named Executive Officers").
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
LONG-TERM
COMPENSATION
AWARDS
ANNUAL COMP SECURITY
-------------------- UNDERLYING
NAME AND PRINCIPAL POSITION FISCAL YEAR SALARY BONUS OPTIONS
--------------------------- ----------- -------- -------- ------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Douglas T. Hickey.............................. 1999 $332,373 $ -- --
Chief Executive Officer and Director 1998 51,136(6) 2,549,374(1)
David C. Hayden................................ 1999 222,157 -- --
Chairman of the Board of Directors 1998 170,833 135,000 1,363,636(2)
David A. Thatcher.............................. 1999 185,000 -- --
President 1998 9,110(7) -- 712,473(3)
William H. Rinehart............................ 1999 185,000 -- --
Vice President of Worldwide Internet Sales 1998 19,621(8) -- 454,545(4)
Cynthia D. Whitehead........................... 1999 126,614 43,215 230,000(5)
Vice President of Operations and Customer
Service 1998 -- -- --
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) In October of 1998, Mr. Hickey received two options to purchase shares of
common stock (an option to purchase 478,468 and 2,070,906 shares) at an
exercise price of $0.836, each of which vest in equal installments over 48
months.
(2) Option to purchase 1,363,636 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$0.022 per share vests as to 25% of the shares on the first anniversary of
Mr. Hayden's employment with Critical Path and 1/48th each full month
thereafter.
(3) Includes options to purchase 576,110 of Common Stock at exercise price of
$0.836 that vest in equal installments over 48 months. In addition, Mr.
Thatcher was granted options to purchase 136,363 shares of Common Stock at
an exercise price of $0.22 per share that vest in equal installments over 48
months.
(4) Options to purchase 454,545 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of
$0.836 per share that vest in equal installments over 48 months.
(5) Options to purchase 230,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of
$24.00 per share that vest as to 25% of the shares on the first anniversary
of Ms. Whitehead's employment with Critical Path and 1/48th each full month
thereafter.
(6) Mr. Hickey commenced employment in October of 1998.
(7) Mr. Thatcher commenced employment in December of 1998.
(8) Mr. Rinehart commenced employment in November of 1998.
We granted stock options to certain Named Executive Officers during 1999.
We have never granted any stock appreciation rights.
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<PAGE> 57
OPTION GRANTS IN LAST FISCAL YEAR
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
POTENTIAL REALIZABLE VALUE AT
PERCENTAGE OF ASSUMED ANNUAL RATES OF
TOTAL OPTIONS STOCK PRICE APPRECIATION FOR
GRANTED TO EXERCISE OR OPTION TERM(3)
OPTIONS EMPLOYEES IN BASE PRICE EXPIRATION -----------------------------
NAME GRANTED FISCAL YEAR(1) ($/SHARE)(2) DATE 5% 10%
---- -------- -------------- ------------ ---------- ------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Douglas T. Hickey....... -- -- -- -- -- --
David C. Hayden......... -- -- -- -- -- --
David A. Thatcher....... -- -- -- -- -- --
William H. Rinehart..... -- -- -- -- -- --
Cynthia D. Whitehead.... 230,000(4) 3.17 $24 3/26/09 $3,471,498.34 $8,797,458.38
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) Based on options to purchase an aggregate of 7,249,308 shares of common
stock granted during fiscal 1999. Under the terms of Critical Path's 1998
Stock Plan, the committee designated by the board of directors to administer
the 1998 Stock Plan retains the discretion, subject to certain limitations
within the 1998 Stock Plan, to modify, extend or renew outstanding options
and to reprice outstanding options. Options may be repriced by canceling
outstanding options and reissuing new options with an exercise price equal
to the fair market value on the date of reissue, which may be lower than the
original exercise price of such canceled options. See "Stock Plans."
(2) The exercise price on the date of grant was equal to 100% of the fair market
value on the date of grant as determined by the board of directors.
(3) The 5% and 10% assumed rates of appreciation are mandated by the rules of
the Securities and Exchange Commission and do not represent Critical Path's
estimate or projection of the future common stock price. There can be no
assurance that any of the values reflected in the table will be achieved.
(4) These incentive stock options have a ten-year term, subject to earlier
termination in certain events related to termination of employment, and vest
as to 25% of the shares on the first anniversary of the vest start date, and
vest ratably on a monthly basis thereafter, becoming fully vested on the
fourth anniversary of the vest start date.
FISCAL YEAR END OPTION VALUES
The following table provides summary information concerning stock options
held as of December 31, 1999 by each of the Named Executive Officers. Two of
these officers exercised options in 1999.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF SECURITIES VALUE OF UNEXERCISED
UNDERLYING UNEXERCISED IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS
SHARES OPTIONS AT FISCAL YEAR-END AT FISCAL YEAR-END(1)
ACQUIRED ON VALUE --------------------------- --------------------------------
NAME EXERCISE REALIZED EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE
---- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------- -------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Douglas T. Hickey...... 0 -- 139,553 1,108,134 $13,170,314.38 $104,580,146.25
David C. Hayden........ 0 -- 994,317 369,319 98,838,666.88 34,854,480.63
David A. Thatcher...... 136,363 $299,988.60(4) 144,027 432,083 13,592,548.13 39,928,458.13
William H. Rinehart.... 37,878 420,445.80(5) 85,227 331,440 8,043,298.13 31,279,650.00
Cynthia D. Whitehead... 0 -- 0 230,000 0 21,706,250.00
</TABLE>
- ---------------
(1) The value of unexercised in-the-money options at fiscal year-end is based on
a price per share of $94.375, the closing price quoted on Nasdaq as of
December 31, 1999, less the exercise price.
(2) Mr. Hickey's option agreements allow for early exercise subject to
repurchase by Critical Path over the vesting period.
(3) Mr. Hayden's option agreements allow for early exercise subject to
repurchase by Critical Path over the vesting period.
(4) Assumes a per share fair market value of $2.20 on January 4, 1999, as
determined by the Board of Directors.
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<PAGE> 58
(5) Assumes a per share fair market value of $11.10 on March 25, 1999, as
determined by the Board of Directors.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
The report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and the
performance graph are incorporated by reference from the Company's proxy
statement for its annual meeting which is anticipated to occur on June 6, 2000.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of common stock as of February 29, 2000, by:
- each person or entity known to Critical Path to own beneficially more
than 5% of Critical's Path's common stock;
- each of Critical Path's directors;
- each of Critical Path's Named Executive Officers; and
- all executive officers and directors as a group.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND ADDRESS OF TOTAL SHARES PERCENTAGE OF
BENEFICIAL OWNER(1) BENEFICIALLY OWNED(2) COMMON STOCK(2)
------------------- --------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C>
Christos Cotsakos(3)........................................ 4,022,223 7.4%
E*TRADE Group, Inc.
Four Embarcadero
2400 Geng Road
Palo Alto, CA 94306....................................... 3,865,877 7.6
David Hayden(4)............................................. 3,332,737 6.2
James A. Smith(5)
US West Internet Ventures, Inc.
1999 Broadway, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202.......................................... 2,276,131 4.2
Kevin M. Harvey(6)
Benchmark Capital Partners II, L.P.
2489 Sand Hill Road, Suite 200
Menlo Park, CA 94025...................................... 2,182,812 4.0
Douglas T. Hickey(7)........................................ 1,436,646 2.7
Marcy Swenson............................................... 1,044,236 1.9
George Zachary(8)
Mohr, Davidow Ventures V, L.P.
2775 Sand Hill Road, Suite 240
Menlo Park, CA 94025...................................... 633,802 1.2
David Thatcher(9)........................................... 315,133 *
Lisa Gansky................................................. 199,274 *
Mari Tangredi(10)........................................... 154,958 *
Joseph Duncan............................................... 121,926 *
William H. Rinehart......................................... 111,777 *
Paul Gigg(11)............................................... 80,731 *
Cynthia Whitehead........................................... 62,998 *
Judie Hayes................................................. 42,019 *
Robert S. Newth(12)......................................... 38,519 *
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 59
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME AND ADDRESS OF TOTAL SHARES PERCENTAGE OF
BENEFICIAL OWNER(1) BENEFICIALLY OWNED(2) COMMON STOCK(2)
------------------- --------------------- ---------------
<S> <C> <C>
Mark J. Rubash(13).......................................... 29,687 *
Brett Robertson(14)......................................... 20,833 *
Sharon Wienbar(15).......................................... 14,815 *
All directors and executive officers as a group(16)......... 16,121,257 29.4
</TABLE>
- ---------------
* Less than 1%
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, the address for the following shareholders is
c/o Critical Path, Inc., 320 1(st) Street, San Francisco, California 94105.
(2) Applicable percentage ownership is based on 54,086,715 shares of common
stock outstanding as of February 29, 2000. Beneficial ownership is
determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities
and Exchange Commission. In computing the number of shares beneficially
owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of
common stock subject to options held by that person that are currently
exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of the date of this prospectus
are deemed outstanding. These shares, however, are not deemed outstanding
for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of another person.
Except as indicated in the footnotes to this table and pursuant to
applicable community property laws, each shareholder named in the table has
sole voting and investment power with respect to the shares set forth
opposite such shareholder's name.
(3) Includes 156,346 shares held by The Cotsakos Revocable Trust, UAD 9/3/87 of
which Mr. Cotsakos is the trustee. Also includes 3,865,877 shares held by
E*TRADE Group, of which Mr. Cotsakos is the President and Chief Executive
Officer. Mr. Cotsakos disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares held by
E*TRADE group, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest.
(4) Includes 85,227 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(5) Consists of shares held by US West Internet Ventures, a subsidiary of US
West. Mr. Smith is the President and Chief Executive Officer of US West
Dex, also a subsidiary of US West. Mr. Smith disclaims beneficial ownership
of all shares held by US West Internet Ventures, except to the extent of
his pecuniary interest therein.
(6) Includes 2,070,968 shares held by Benchmark Capital Partners II, L.P., of
which Mr. Harvey is a managing partner. Mr. Harvey disclaims beneficial
ownership of all such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest
therein.
(7) Includes 179,425 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000, and 18,180 shares held in the name of Mr. Hickey's minor
children's name.
(8) Includes 604,251 shares held by Mohr, Davidow Ventures V, L.P., of which
Mr. Zachary is a member. Mr. Zachary disclaims beneficial ownership of all
such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
(9) Includes 92,036 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(10) Includes 62,632 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(11) Includes 44,425 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(12) Includes 38,519 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(13) Includes 29,687 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(14) Includes 20,833 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(15) Includes 14,815 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
(16) Includes 801,268 shares subject to options exercisable within 60 days after
February 29, 2000.
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<PAGE> 60
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
SERIES B FINANCING
Critical Path sold an aggregate of 6,863,992 shares of Series B Preferred
Stock in September 1998 and January 1999 at a sale price of $4.26 per share.
Each share of Series B Preferred Stock converted into one share of common stock
in connection with Critical Path's Initial Public Offering in March 1999.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF
SHARES OF SERIES B
PREFERRED STOCK
INVESTOR PURCHASED
-------- ------------------
<S> <C>
E*TRADE Group, Inc. ........................................ 3,460,767
US West Data Investments, Inc............................... 1,313,919
Mohr, Davidow Ventures V, L.P. ............................. 234,629
Benchmark Capital Partners II, L.P. ........................ 234,629
CMG@Ventures II, L.L.C...................................... 351,943
The Cotsakos Revocable Trust, UAD 9/3/87.................... 39,886
</TABLE>
Christos Cotsakos, the Chief Executive Officer of E*TRADE Group, Inc., is a
director of Critical Path. Mr. Cotsakos is the trustee of The Cotsakos Revocable
Trust, UAD 9/3/87.
The shares held by Mohr, Davidow Ventures V, L.P. include 9,340,570 shares
held by it and 703,034 shares held by Mohr, Davidow Ventures V, L.P. as nominee
for MDV Entrepreneurs' Network Fund II (A), L.P. and MDV Entrepreneurs' Network
Fund II (B), L.P. George Zachary, a member of Mohr, Davidow Ventures V, L.P., is
a director of Critical Path.
The shares held by Benchmark Capital Partners II, L.P. are held by it as
nominee for Benchmark Capital Partners II, L.P., Benchmark Founders' Fund II,
L.P., Benchmark Founders Fund II-A, L.P. and Benchmark Members' Fund II, L.P.
Kevin Harvey, a managing member of Benchmark Capital Partners II, L.P., is a
director of Critical Path.
ACQUISITIONS
In July of 1999, Critical Path acquired all outstanding shares of dotOne
Corporation for a total purchase price of $57.0 million consisting of $17.5
million cash, Common Stock valued at $35.0 million, assumed stock options with
an estimated fair market value of $3.2 million, and other acquisition costs of
approximately $1.3 million. In connection with this acquisition, R. Scott Newth,
Critical Path's Vice President, Finance and Planning, may receive a bonus of
$625,000 if he is still employed by Critical Path on the one year anniversary of
the acquisition.
In August of 1999, Critical Path acquired all outstanding shares of
Amplitude Software Corporation, for a total purchase price of $214.4 million
consisting of $45.0 million cash, Common Stock valued at $141.3 million, assumed
stock options with an estimated fair market value of $22.0 million, and other
acquisition costs of approximately $6.1 million. In connection with this
acquisition, Sharon Weinbar, Critical Path's Vice President Marketing, may
receive a bonus of $750,000 if she is still employed by Critical Path on the one
year anniversary of the acquisition.
In January of 2000, Critical Path acquired all outstanding shares of ISOCOR
Corporation for a total purchase price of $274.0 million consisting of Common
Stock valued at $225.7 million, assumed stock options with an estimated fair
market value of $37.2 million, and other acquisition costs of approximately
$11.1 million. In connection with this acquisition, Paul Gigg, Critical Path's
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, may receive a bonus of
$150,000 if he is still employed by Critical Path on the one year anniversary of
the acquisition.
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<PAGE> 61
EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT AND CHANGE IN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS
Critical Path and Mr. Hickey are parties to a letter agreement dated
October 1, 1998 governing his employment with Critical Path. The agreement sets
forth Mr. Hickey's compensation level and eligibility for salary increases,
bonuses, benefits and option grants under the 1998 Stock Plan. The agreement
provides for accelerated vesting of a portion of Mr. Hickey's options in the
event of a change of control. Mr. Hickey also received a loan in the amount of
$500,000, bearing interest at the applicable federal rate. The loan will be due
on the earlier of five years of 30 days following termination of his employment
and is non-recourse unless Mr. Hickey terminates his employment voluntarily. Mr.
Hickey's employment under the letter agreement is at-will and may be terminated
by Critical Path or Mr. Hickey at any time, with or without cause and with or
without notice.
LOANS TO OFFICERS
In January of 1999, Critical Path loaned William Rinehart, Vice President
of Worldwide Internet Sales, $65,000 pursuant to a promissory note bearing
interest at the rate of 4.64% per annum. The note is due and payable in 2004.
In November of 1998, Critical Path loaned Doug Hickey, Chief Executive
Officer, $1.1 million pursuant to a promissory note bearing interest at the rate
of 4.51% per annum. The note is due and payable in 2003.
In January of 2000, the Company agreed to lend Mark Rubash, Executive Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer, $100,000. The loan is due and payable in
2005.
COMMERCIAL RELATIONSHIPS
In December 1998, Critical Path entered into an agreement with US West
pursuant to which Critical Path agreed to provide email services and certain
related development services to US West. In exchange for such services, US West,
through the use of its sales channels, will provide Critical Path assistance in
selling advertising for the email sites of certain customers of Critical Path.
The agreement also provides for the joint development of certain services and
features from time to time. James Smith, a director of the Company, is the
President and Chief Executive Officer of US West Dex. For the year ended
December 31, 1999, US West accounted for approximately $460,000 of Critical
Path's revenues.
In April 1998, Critical Path entered into an agreement with E*TRADE
pursuant to which each party will include the other party in certain advertising
campaigns, including E*TRADE's international strategic partner relationships.
Critical Path will also provide email services to users of E*TRADE's Internet
access services. In addition, under the terms of the agreement, Critical Path
agreed to develop certain features for its email services which Critical Path
may make available to other customers in addition to E*TRADE. Christos Cotsakos,
the Chief Executive Officer of E*TRADE is a director of Critical Path. In
addition, E*TRADE owns in excess of five percent of Critical Path. For the year
ended December 31, 1999, E*TRADE accounted for approximately $2.4 million of
Critical Path's revenues.
INDEMNIFICATION
Critical Path's articles of incorporation limit the liability of its
directors for monetary damages arising from a breach of their fiduciary duty as
directors, except to the extent otherwise required by the California
Corporations Code. Such limitation of liability does not affect the availability
of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission.
Critical Path's bylaws provide that Critical Path may indemnify its
directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by California law,
including in circumstances in which indemnification is otherwise discretionary
under California law. Critical Path has also entered into indemnification
agreements with its officers and directors containing provisions that may
require Critical Path, among other things, to indemnify such officers and
directors against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status
or service as directors or officers (other than liabilities arising from willful
misconduct of a culpable nature), to advance
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<PAGE> 62
their expenses incurred as a result of any proceeding against them as to which
they could be indemnified, and to obtain directors' and officers' insurance if
available on reasonable terms.
RELATED TRANSACTIONS POLICY
Critical Path believes that the foregoing transactions were in its best
interests. It is Critical Path's current policy that all transactions by
Critical Path with officers, directors, 5 percent shareholders and their
affiliates will be entered into only if such transactions are approved by a
majority of the disinterested independent directors, are on terms no less
favorable to Critical Path than could be obtained from unaffiliated parties and
are reasonably expected to benefit Critical Path.
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<PAGE> 63
PART IV. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a)(1) Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Please see the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
which appears on page F-1 of this report. The Report of Independent Accountants,
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
which are listed in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and which
appear beginning on page F-2 of this report are included in Item 8 above.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule
Financial Statement Schedules have been omitted because the information
required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is included in the
Financial Statements or notes thereto.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
On March 20, 2000 the Company filed on Form 8-K announcing the acquisition
of the docSpace Company.
On February 3, 2000 the Company filed a report on Form 8-K announcing the
acquisition of ISOCOR.
On November 12, 1999 the Company filed a report on Form 8-K/A (as an
amendment to the Form 8-K filed on September 13, 1999) to report the financial
information required in connection with its acquisition of Amplitude.
On November 1, 1999, the Company filed a report on Form 8-K announcing the
signing of a definitive reorganization agreement between Critical Path and
ISOCOR.
On October 1, 1999 the Company filed a report on Form 8-K/A (as an
amendment to the Form 8-K filed on August 2, 1999) to report the financial
information required in connection with its acquisition of DotOne.
(c) Exhibits
The following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference or are filed
with this report as indicated below:
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
2.1 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 26, 1999, between the
Registrant and Fabrik Communications, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Registration on
Form S-1/A (File No. 333-78197))
2.2 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated October 20,
1999, by and among Critical Path, Inc., Initialize
Acquisition Corp. and ISOCOR. (Incorporated by reference to
Annex A to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-4 (File No. 333-92199))
2.3 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated June 22, 1999,
among Critical Path, Inc., Amplitude Software Corp. and
Apollo Acquisition Corp. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K
(File No. 000-25331))
2.4 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated July 15, 1999,
among Critical Path, Inc., dotOne Corporation and dotOne
Acquisition Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1
to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.
000-25331))
2.5 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated January 28,
2000, by and among Critical Path, Inc., D.V. Acquisition
Corp. and RemarQ Communities, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Registrant's Annual Report
on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25331))
2.6 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated November 3,
1999, by and among Critical Path, Inc., Compass Holding
Corp., Compass Acquisition Corp., 3034996 Nova Scotia
Company, 3034997 Nova Scotia Company and The docSpace
Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.6 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
000-25331))
2.7 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated November 2,
1999, by and among Critical Path, Inc., Wellfleet
Acquisition Corp. and FaxNet Corporation. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.7 to the Registrant's Annual Report
on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25331))
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 64
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
2.8 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated October 8, 1999,
by and among Critical Path, Inc., Xeti Acquisition Corp. and
Xeti, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.8 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
000-25331))
3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(b) to the
Registrant's Registration on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3(ii)(b) to the Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
4.1 Form of Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
4.2 Warrant to Purchase Preferred Stock dated September 11, 1998
issued by the Registrant to Hambrecht & Quist LLC.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
4.3 Warrant to Purchase Preferred Stock dated January 13, 1999
issued by the Registrant to Hambrecht & Quist LLC.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
4.4 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated January 29, 1999
issued by the Registrant to America Online, Inc.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.1 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and
each of its directors and officers. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.2 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.3 1998 Stock Plan and forms of stock option agreements
thereunder. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to
the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-71499))
10.4 Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated September
11, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.5 Amendment to Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement
dated January 13, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.6 Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement dated
September 11, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.6 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-71499))
10.7 Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investors' Rights
Agreement dated January 13, 1999. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.8 Master Equipment Lease Agreement dated April 28, 1998, and
Lease Line Schedule thereto, by and between the Registrant
and Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.9 Master Lease Agreement dated May 1, 1998, and addendum
thereto, by and between the Registrant and Comdisco, Inc.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.10 Standard Industrial/Multitenant Lease-Gross dated June 20,
1997 by and between the Registrant and 501 Folsom Street
Building. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.11 Letter Agreement dated October 1, 1998 by and between the
Registrant and Douglas Hickey. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
</TABLE>
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<PAGE> 65
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
10.12 Promissory Note and Security Agreement dated November 2,
1998 by and between the Registrant and Douglas Hickey.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.13 Warrant Agreement dated April 28, 1998 by and between the
Registrant and Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.14 Warrant Agreement dated May 1, 1998 by and between the
Registrant and Comdisco, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.15 Master Services Agreement dated December 10, 1998 by and
between the Registrant and US West Communications Services,
Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.16 Email Services Agreement dated May 27, 1998 by and between
the Registrant and Network Solutions, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.17 Email Services Agreement dated July 6, 1998 by and between
the Registrant and Starmedia Network, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.18 Amendment to email Services Agreement September 30, 1998 by
and between the Registrant and E*TRADE Group, Inc.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.19 Email Services Agreement dated September 14, 1998 by and
between the Registrant and Sprint Communications Company
L.P. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.20 Email Services Agreement dated March 19, 1998 by and between
the Registrant and NTX, Inc. dba TABNet, Inc. (Incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.21 QuickStart Loan and Security Agreement dated May 12, 1998 by
and between the Registrant and Silicon Valley Bank.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.22 Email Services Agreement dated January 29, 1999 by and
between the Registrant and ICQ, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.23 Sublease dated February 8, 1999 by and between Times Direct
Marketing, Inc. and the Registrant (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.23 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.24 Promissory Note and Security Agreement dated January 26,
1999 by and between the Registrant and Bill Rinehart.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.25 Office lease dated December 1999 by and between Ecker-Folsom
Properties, LLC and the Registrant (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registrant's Annual Report
on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25331))
10.26 Office lease dated December 1999 by and between Ecker-Folsom
Properties, LLC and the Registrant (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Registrant's Annual Report
on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25331))
21.1 List of Subsidiaries (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
21.1 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File
No. 000-25331))
23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent
Accountants
</TABLE>
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CRITICAL PATH, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Report of Independent Accountants........................... F-2
Consolidated Balance Sheet.................................. F-3
Consolidated Statement of Operations........................ F-4
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders' Equity.............. F-5
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows........................ F-6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-7
</TABLE>
F-1
<PAGE> 67
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
of Critical Path, Inc.
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements listed
in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the
financial position of Critical Path, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company")
at December 31, 1998 and 1999, and the results of its operations and its cash
flows for the period from February 19, 1997 (Inception) to December 31, 1997 and
for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States. These financial statements
are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to
express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We
conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States, which require that we plan and perform
the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements
are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for the opinion expressed
above.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
San Francisco, California
March 17, 2000
F-2
<PAGE> 68
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
DECEMBER 31 -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents................................. $ 14,791 $ 75,932
Restricted cash........................................... 325 325
Accounts receivable, net.................................. 121 10,147
Other current assets...................................... 138 40,800
-------- ---------
Total current assets.............................. 15,375 127,204
Investments................................................. -- 18,426
Notes receivable from officers.............................. 500 669
Property and equipment, net................................. 4,687 52,517
Intangible assets, net...................................... -- 474,297
Other assets................................................ 101 692
-------- ---------
Total assets...................................... $ 20,663 $ 673,805
======== =========
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable.......................................... $ 760 $ 35,621
Accrued expenses.......................................... 89 7,120
Deferred revenue, current................................. 500 1,603
Capital lease obligations, current........................ 1,502 6,585
-------- ---------
Total current liabilities......................... 2,851 50,929
Deferred revenue, long-term................................. -- 215
Capital lease obligations, long-term........................ 2,454 5,669
-------- ---------
Total liabilities................................. 5,305 56,813
-------- ---------
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity
Preferred Stock and paid-in-capital, $0.001 par value.
Shares authorized: 22,725 and 5,000
Series A Convertible
Shares issued and outstanding -- 12,725 and none
Liquidation value -- $9,162.......................... 9,124 --
Series B Convertible
Shares issued and outstanding -- 3,637 and none
Liquidation value -- $15,494......................... 15,441 --
Common Stock and paid-in-capital, $0.001 par value
Shares authorized -- 38,636 and 150,000
Shares issued and outstanding -- 8,294 and 46,937 (net
of 134 treasury shares at cost of $229)............... 21,850 864,699
Notes receivable from shareholders.......................... (1,151) (1,154)
Unearned compensation....................................... (17,371) (124,906)
Accumulated deficit, including other comprehensive income... (12,535) (121,647)
-------- ---------
Total shareholders' equity........................... 15,358 616,992
-------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity........ $ 20,663 $ 673,805
======== =========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-3
<PAGE> 69
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31 ------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net revenues............................................... $ -- $ 897 $ 16,157
Cost of net revenues....................................... -- (2,346) (21,557)
------- -------- ---------
Gross profit (loss)........................................ -- (1,449) (5,400)
------- -------- ---------
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing...................................... 244 1,687 13,811
Research and development................................. 454 2,098 7,682
General and administrative............................... 358 3,814 14,051
Acquisition-related retention bonus...................... -- -- 3,587
Amortization of intangible assets........................ -- -- 32,259
Stock-based expenses..................................... -- 2,400 46,460
------- -------- ---------
Total operating expenses......................... 1,056 9,999 117,850
------- -------- ---------
Loss from operations....................................... (1,056) (11,448) (123,250)
Interest and other income, net............................. -- 375 7,061
Interest expense........................................... (18) (388) (752)
------- -------- ---------
Net loss................................................... $(1,074) $(11,461) $(116,941)
======= ======== =========
Net loss per share -- basic and diluted.................... $ (0.54) $ (2.94) $ (3.93)
======= ======== =========
Weighted average shares -- basic and diluted............... 1,994 3,899 29,770
======= ======== =========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-4
<PAGE> 70
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31 ------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Convertible Preferred Stock and paid-in-capital
Balance, beginning of year............................... $ -- $ -- $ 24,565
Issuance of Series A Preferred Stock, net................ -- 9,124 --
Issuance of Series B Preferred Stock, net................ -- 15,441 10,749
Exercise of stock purchase rights and warrants........... -- -- 1,747
Conversion of Preferred Stock, net....................... -- -- (37,061)
------- -------- ---------
Balance, end of year.................................. -- 24,565 --
------- -------- ---------
Common Stock and paid-in-capital
Balance, beginning of year............................... -- 53 21,850
Issuance of Common Stock................................. 53 78 645,828
Exercise of stock options and warrants................... -- 1,114 1,648
Issuance of warrants and stock purchase rights........... -- 723 --
Unearned compensation related to stock options and
warrants.............................................. -- 19,882 158,541
Conversion of Preferred Stock, net....................... -- -- 37,061
Purchase of treasury stock............................... -- -- (229)
------- -------- ---------
Balance, end of year.................................. 53 21,850 864,699
------- -------- ---------
Notes receivable from shareholders
Balance, beginning of year............................... -- -- (1,151)
Issuance of Common Stock................................. -- (85) --
Exercise of stock options and warrants................... -- (1,066) (29)
Repayment of shareholder notes........................... -- -- 26
------- -------- ---------
Balance, end of year.................................. -- (1,151) (1,154)
------- -------- ---------
Unearned compensation
Balance, beginning of year............................... -- -- (17,371)
Unearned compensation related to stock options and
warrants.............................................. -- (19,882) (158,541)
Amortization of unearned compensation.................... -- 2,511 51,006
------- -------- ---------
Balance, end of year.................................. -- (17,371) (124,906)
------- -------- ---------
Accumulated deficit, including other comprehensive income
Balance, beginning of year............................... -- (1,074) (12,535)
------- -------- ---------
Net loss................................................. (1,074) (11,461) (116,941)
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized investment gains........................... -- -- 7,926
Foreign currency translation adjustments.............. -- -- (97)
------- -------- ---------
Comprehensive loss.................................. (1,074) (11,461) (109,112)
------- -------- ---------
Balance, end of year.................................. (1,074) (12,535) (121,647)
------- -------- ---------
Total Shareholders' Equity....................... $(1,021) $ 15,358 $ 616,992
======= ======== =========
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
<PAGE> 71
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31 ------- -------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Operations
Net loss................................................. $(1,074) $(11,461) $(116,941)
Provision for doubtful accounts.......................... -- 50 573
Depreciation and amortization............................ 26 1,019 40,322
Common stock issued for services......................... 3 -- --
Amortization of warrants and stock purchase rights....... -- 473 31,317
Amortization of unearned compensation.................... -- 2,511 19,845
Accounts receivable...................................... -- (171) (4,708)
Other assets............................................. (48) (86) (25,612)
Accounts payable......................................... 609 151 25,916
Accrued expenses......................................... 18 71 5,633
Deferred revenue......................................... -- 500 (163)
------- -------- ---------
Net cash used in operating activities................. (466) (6,943) (23,818)
------- -------- ---------
Investing
Notes receivable from officers........................... -- (500) (169)
Property and equipment purchases......................... (409) (491) (41,819)
Purchase of investments.................................. -- -- (10,500)
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired.......... -- -- (116,359)
Acquisition advances..................................... -- -- (15,000)
Restricted cash.......................................... -- (325) --
------- -------- ---------
Net cash used in investing activities................. (409) (1,316) (183,847)
------- -------- ---------
Financing
Proceeds from issuance of Preferred Stock, net........... -- 23,445 12,496
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock................... 50 41 259,803
Proceeds from equipment lease line....................... -- 198 --
Proceeds from convertible promissory notes payable....... 847 500 --
Repayment of convertible promissory notes payable........ -- (227) --
Proceeds from payments of shareholder notes receivable... -- -- 26
Principal payments on lease obligations.................. (21) (908) (3,193)
Purchase of treasury stock............................... -- -- (229)
------- -------- ---------
Net cash provided by financing activities............. 876 23,049 268,903
------- -------- ---------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents.................... 1 14,790 61,238
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents...... -- -- (97)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period........... -- 1 14,791
------- -------- ---------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period................. $ 1 $ 14,791 $ 75,932
======= ======== =========
Supplemental cash flow disclosure:
Cash paid for interest................................... $ 1 $ 244 $ 688
Cash paid for income taxes............................... $ -- $ -- $ --
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Property and equipment leases............................ $ 118 $ 4,714 $ 5,863
Common Stock issued for notes receivable................. $ -- $ 1,151 $ 29
Conversion of notes payable into Preferred Stock......... $ -- $ 1,120 $ --
Unrealized gain on investment............................ $ -- $ -- $ 7,926
Common stock and options issued for acquisitions......... $ -- $ -- $ 387,651
</TABLE>
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial
statements.
F-6
<PAGE> 72
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 -- THE COMPANY AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company
Critical Path, Inc. was incorporated in California on February 19, 1997.
Critical Path, along with its subsidiaries (collectively referred to herein as
the "Company") provides complete end-to-end Internet messaging and collaboration
solutions to corporations, Internet service providers, telecommunications
companies, web hosting companies and web portals.
Acquisitions
To date, business combinations have been accounted for under the purchase
method of accounting. The Company includes the results of operations of the
acquired business from the acquisition date. Net assets of the companies
acquired are recorded at their fair value at the acquisition date. The excess of
the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired is included in
goodwill and other purchased intangibles in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheet.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally
accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company
and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and
transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash equivalents and restricted cash
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents
consist primarily of deposits in money market funds. Restricted cash comprises
amounts held on deposit that are required as collateral for Company issued
credit cards.
Investments
The Company's marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale as
of the balance sheet date and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains
and losses, net of tax, recorded in shareholders' equity. Realized gains or
losses and permanent declines in value, if any, on available-for-sale securities
will be reported in other income or expense as incurred. The Company uses the
cost method to account for certain non-marketable securities in which it has a
minority interest and does not exercise significant influence. The Company
periodically reviews these investments for other-than-temporary impairment.
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a
concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted
cash, and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are
deposited with financial institutions that management believes are creditworthy.
The Company's accounts receivable are derived from transactions with companies
primarily located in the United States. The Company maintains reserves for
potential credit losses; historically, such losses have been within management's
expectations.
F-7
<PAGE> 73
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
During the year ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, approximately 62% and 30%
of revenues, before charges related to amortization of the fair value of
warrants issued to customers, were derived from the delivery of Internet
messaging services to two customers. During the year ended December 31, 1999,
these two customers accounted for approximately 15% and 4% of net revenues
before charges related to amortization of warrants.
Fair value of financial instruments
The Company's financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents,
restricted cash, accounts and notes receivable, accounts payable and capital
lease obligations, are carried at cost, which approximates fair value due to the
short maturity of these instruments.
Property and equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the
estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years, or the
lease term, if applicable. Gains and losses on disposals are included in income
at amounts equal to the difference between the net book value of the disposed
assets and the proceeds received upon disposal. Expenditures for replacements
and betterments are capitalized, while expenditures for maintenance and repairs
are charged against earnings as incurred.
Internally developed software
During 1999, the Company adopted Statement of Position ("SOP") 98-1,
"Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for
Internal Use," which requires that certain costs for the development of internal
use software should be capitalized, including the costs of coding, software
configuration, upgrades and enhancements. The adoption of this pronouncement did
not have a material effect on the Company's financial results.
Intangible assets
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price paid over the fair
value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired in business
combinations. Identifiable intangible assets primarily include assembled
workforce, customer base, and existing technology. The Company uses modeling
techniques on new acquisitions and long-range business plans, revised annually,
to assess whether a revision of the existing estimated useful lives of
intangible assets is necessary. Intangible assets are stated net of accumulated
amortization and are amortized on a straight-line basis over their expected
useful lives ranging from two to eight years.
Valuation of long-lived assets
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No.
121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived
Assets to be Disposed Of," the Company periodically evaluates the carrying value
of long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment, when
events and circumstances indicate that the book value of an asset may not be
recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized whenever the review demonstrates
that the book value of a long-lived asset is not recoverable. Since February 19,
1997 (inception) through December 31, 1999, no impairment losses have been
identified.
F-8
<PAGE> 74
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Revenue recognition
The Company derives most of its revenue through the sale of electronic
messaging services. Billings for such services are based either on contractual
rates per active mailbox per month, non-refundable fixed payments or a
percentage of customer generated email advertising revenues. Revenues from
contracts specifying a contractual rate per active mailbox per month are
recognized monthly for each active mailbox covered by the respective contract.
Revenues from contracts that provide non-refundable fixed payments are not
dependent upon the active number of mailboxes and are therefore recognized
ratably over the contract term. Revenues based upon a percentage of customer
generated email advertising revenues are recognized when such revenues are
earned and reported by the customer.
Revenues for software licenses for which collection of the resulting
receivable is deemed probable are recognized upon delivery of the product
provided there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the fee is fixed and
determinable, and the agreement does not require significant customization of
the software. Revenues from software maintenance are recognized ratably over the
maintenance term. Revenues from the Company's enhanced facsimile, long distance
and other services are recognized as the services are performed. Amounts billed
or received in advance of service delivery are recorded as deferred revenue.
Research and development
Research and development costs include expenses incurred by the Company to
develop and enhance its messaging service offerings and to develop new
electronic messaging services. Research and development costs, including
in-process research and development costs, are expensed as incurred.
Advertising expense
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and totaled $0, $135,000 and
$414,000 during the period from February 19, 1997 (Inception) through December
31, 1997 and the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
Stock-based compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based employee compensation arrangements in
accordance with the provisions of Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion
No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and complies with the
disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation." Under APB No. 25, compensation expense is based on the
difference, if any, on the date of the grant, between the fair value of the
Company's stock and the exercise price of the option. The Company accounts for
equity instruments issued to non-employees in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS No. 123 and Emerging Issues Task Force ("EITF") 96-18, "Accounting for
Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in
Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services."
Income taxes
Income taxes are computed using an asset and liability approach, which
requires the recognition of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and
deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences of events
that have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements or
tax returns. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities
are based on provisions of the enacted tax law; the effects of future changes in
tax laws or rates are not anticipated. The measurement of deferred tax assets is
reduced, if necessary, by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on
available evidence, are not expected to be realized.
F-9
<PAGE> 75
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Net loss per share
Net loss per share is calculated in accordance with SFAS No. 128, "Earnings
per Share" and Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Staff Accounting
Bulletin ("SAB") No. 98. Under the provisions of SFAS No. 128 and SAB No. 98,
basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss available to
common shareholders for the period by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the period, excluding shares subject to repurchase and
in escrow relative to acquisition. Diluted net loss per share is computed by
dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted average number of common
and potential common shares outstanding during the period if their effect is
dilutive. Potential common shares comprise restricted Common Stock, shares held
in escrow, and incremental Common and Preferred shares issuable upon the
exercise of stock options and warrants and upon conversion of Series A and
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock.
Comprehensive income
Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No.
130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." SFAS No. 130 establishes standards for
reporting comprehensive income and its components in financial statements.
Comprehensive income, as defined, includes all changes in equity (net assets)
during a period from non-owner sources.
Foreign currency translation
Assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies are translated at the
exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated at
average rates of exchange prevailing during the year. Translation adjustments
resulting from this process are charged or credited to other comprehensive
income, a component of shareholders' equity. Gains and losses on foreign
currency transactions are included in "Interest and other expense, net."
Segment and geographic information
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 131,
"Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information." This
Statement establishes standards for the way companies report information about
operating segments in annual financial statements. It also establishes standards
for related disclosures about products and services, geographic areas and major
customers. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 131, the Company has
determined that it does not have separately reportable operating segments. The
Company operates in one principal business segment across domestic and
international markets. Substantially all of the Company's operating results and
identifiable assets are in the United States.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform to
the current period presentation.
Recent accounting pronouncements
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") issued
Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") No. 101, "Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements," which provides guidance on the recognition, presentation, and
disclosure of revenue in financial statements filed with the SEC. SAB No. 101
outlines the basic criteria that must be met to recognize revenue and provides
guidance for disclosures related to revenue recognition policies. Management
believes that the impact of SAB No. 101 will not have a material effect on the
financial position or results of operations of the Company.
F-10
<PAGE> 76
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS
No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". SFAS
133 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments,
including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts
(collectively referred to as derivatives), and for hedging activities. In June
1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 137, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities -- Deferral of Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133".
SFAS 133, as amended by SFAS 137, is effective for all fiscal quarters of all
fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000, with earlier application encouraged.
Critical Path does not currently use derivative instruments.
NOTE 2 -- ACQUISITIONS
Fabrik Communications
On May 26, 1999, the Company acquired substantially all the operating
assets of the Connect Service business of Fabrik Communications ("Fabrik"). The
acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and,
accordingly, the net assets and results of operations of Fabrik's Connect
Service have been included in the Company's consolidated financial statements
since the acquisition date. The purchase price has been allocated to the
tangible and intangible net assets acquired on the basis of their respective
fair values on the date of acquisition. The total purchase price was
approximately $20.1 million, consisting of $12.0 million cash, Common Stock
(109,091 shares) valued at $8.0 million, and other acquisition-related expenses
of approximately $100,000. Of the total purchase price, approximately $500,000
was allocated to property and equipment, and the remainder was allocated to
intangible assets, including customer base ($2.1 million), assembled workforce
($400,000) and goodwill ($17.1 million). The acquired intangible assets will be
amortized over their estimated useful lives of two to three years. Goodwill will
be amortized using the straight-line method over three years, resulting in an
aggregate quarterly charge of approximately $1.7 million during the amortization
period.
The following entries were recorded in connection with the acquisition of
the Connect Service business of Fabrik Communications:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN THOUSANDS)
--------------
<S> <C>
Fair value of assets acquired............................... $20,100
Liabilities assumed......................................... --
Fair value of Common Stock issued........................... (8,000)
-------
Cash paid, including acquisition costs...................... 12,100
Less: cash acquired......................................... --
-------
Net cash paid............................................... $12,100
=======
</TABLE>
dotOne Corporation
On July 21, 1999, the Company acquired dotOne Corporation ("dotOne"), a
leading corporate email messaging service provider. The acquisition has been
accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the net
assets and results of operations of dotOne have been included in the Company's
consolidated financial statements since the acquisition date. The purchase price
has been allocated to the tangible net liabilities and intangible net assets
acquired on the basis of their respective fair values on the date of
acquisition. The total purchase price was approximately $57.0 million,
consisting of $17.5 million cash, Common Stock (640,623 shares) valued at $35.0
million, assumed stock options with an estimated fair market value of $3.2
million, and other acquisition-related expenses of approximately $1.3 million.
Of the total purchase price, approximately $1.7 million was allocated to net
tangible liabilities, and the remainder was allocated to intangible assets,
including customer base ($4.6 million), assembled workforce ($1.5 million),
existing technology ($600,000), and goodwill ($52.0 million). The acquired
intangible assets will be
F-11
<PAGE> 77
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
amortized over their estimated useful lives of three to five years. Goodwill
will be amortized using the straight-line method over three years, resulting in
an aggregate quarterly charge of $4.7 million during the amortization period.
The following entries were recorded in connection with the dotOne
acquisition:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C>
Fair value of assets acquired............................... $ 60,484
Liabilities assumed......................................... (3,497)
Fair value of Common Stock and options issued............... (38,200)
--------
Cash paid, including acquisition costs...................... 18,787
Less: cash acquired......................................... 419
--------
Net cash paid............................................... $ 18,368
========
</TABLE>
Amplitude Software Corporation
On August 31, 1999, the Company acquired Amplitude Software Corporation
("Amplitude"), a leading provider of Internet calendaring and resource
scheduling solutions. The acquisition has been accounted for using the purchase
method of accounting and, accordingly, the net assets and results of operations
of Amplitude have been included in the Company's consolidated financial
statements since the acquisition date. The purchase price has been allocated to
the tangible and intangible net assets acquired on the basis of their respective
fair values on the date of acquisition. The total purchase price was $214.4
million, consisting of $45.0 million cash, Common Stock (4,107,250 shares)
valued at $141.3 million, assumed stock options with an estimated fair market
value of $22.0 million, and other acquisition-related expenses of approximately
$6.1 million. Of the total purchase price, approximately $4.4 million was
allocated to net tangible assets, and the remainder was allocated to intangible
assets, including customer base ($600,000), assembled workforce ($3.8 million),
existing technology ($4.1 million), and goodwill ($201.5 million). The acquired
intangible assets will be amortized over their estimated useful lives of two to
four years. Goodwill will be amortized using the straight-line method over four
years, resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge of approximately $13.4 million
during the amortization period.
The following entries were recorded in connection with the Amplitude
acquisition:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C>
Fair value of assets acquired............................... $ 217,916
Liabilities assumed......................................... (3,536)
Fair value of Common Stock and options issued............... (163,289)
---------
Cash paid, including acquisition costs...................... 51,091
Less: cash acquired......................................... 3,337
---------
Net cash paid............................................... $ 47,754
=========
</TABLE>
Xeti, Inc.
On November 24, 1999, the Company acquired Xeti, Inc. ("Xeti"), a leading
developer of standards-based public key infrastructure solutions. The
acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and
accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible and intangible net
assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair values on the acquisition
date. The total purchase price of approximately $23.8 million consisted of $2.0
million in cash, Common Stock (274,048 shares) valued at $18.5 million, assumed
stock options of $3.1 million, and other acquisition costs of approximately
$200,000. Of the total purchase price, approximately $200,000 was allocated to
net tangible assets and the remainder was allocated to intangible assets,
including assembled work force ($360,000), existing technology ($540,000) and
goodwill
F-12
<PAGE> 78
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
($22.7 million). The inquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill, are being
amortized over their estimated useful lives of two to three years. Goodwill is
being amortized using the straight-line method over three years, resulting in an
aggregate quarterly charge of $2.0 million during the amortization period.
The following entries were recorded in connection with the Xeti
acquisition:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN THOUSANDS)
--------------
<S> <C>
Fair value of assets acquired............................... $23,868
Liabilities assumed......................................... 81
Fair value of Common Stock and options issued............... 21,600
-------
Cash paid, including acquisition costs...................... 2,187
Less: cash acquired......................................... 235
-------
Net cash paid............................................... $ 1,952
=======
</TABLE>
FaxNet Corporation
On December 6, 1999, the Company acquired FaxNet Corporation, ("FaxNet"), a
leading outsource supplier of carrier-class enhanced fax and integrated
messaging solutions. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method
of accounting and accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible
and intangible net assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair values
on the acquisition date. The fair value of intangible assets was determined
based upon a valuation using a combination of methods, including an income
approach for the acquired existing technology, an income approach for the
customer base and replacement cost approach for the value of the assembled
workforce.
The total purchase price of approximately $199.3 million consisted of $20.0
million of cash, $152.4 million of the Company's Common Stock (2,845,282
shares), assumed stock options with a fair value of $7.3 million, assumed
subordinated notes of $4.2 million and other liabilities of $7.5 million, and
other acquisition related expenses of approximately $7.9 million, consisting of
financial advisor and other professional fees. Of the total purchase price,
approximately $1.6 million was allocated to net tangible assets, and the
remainder was allocated to intangible assets, including existing technology
($6.1 million), customer base ($5.5 million), assembled workforce ($900,000) and
goodwill ($185.2 million). The acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill,
are amortized over their estimated useful lives of three to eight years.
Goodwill is being amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated
useful life of eight years resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge of $6.2
million during the amortization period.
The following entries were recorded in connection with the FaxNet
acquisition:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
(IN THOUSANDS)
--------------
<S> <C>
Fair value of assets acquired............................... $209,735
Liabilities assumed......................................... 10,348
Fair value of common stock and options issued............... 159,662
--------
Cash paid, including acquisition costs...................... 39,725
Less: cash acquired......................................... 3,515
--------
Net cash paid............................................... $ 36,210
========
</TABLE>
F-13
<PAGE> 79
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Pro Forma Results (Unaudited)
The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the Company's
consolidated results of operations for the year ended December 31, 1998 and 1999
as if the acquisitions had been consummated at the beginning of each period. The
pro forma consolidated results of operations include certain pro forma
adjustments, including the amortization of intangible assets and the reduction
of interest income for lower cash balances as a result of the elimination of the
Fabrik cash balance which was not acquired by the Company.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
Year Ended December 31 --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C>
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net revenues................................................ $ 30,796 $ 41,329
Net loss.................................................... (148,819) (228,213)
Net loss per share:.........................................
Basic and diluted......................................... (6.94) (6.16)
</TABLE>
The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of those that would
have actually occurred had the acquisitions taken place at the beginning of the
periods presented.
ISOCOR Corporation
On January 19, 2000, the Company acquired ISOCOR Corporation, ("ISOCOR"), a
leading supplier of Internet messaging, directory and directory software
solutions. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method of
accounting and accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the tangible and
intangible net assets acquired on the basis of their respective fair values on
the acquisition date. The fair value of intangible assets was determined based
upon a valuation using a combination of methods, including an income approach
for the acquired existing and in-process technologies, an income approach for
the customer base and replacement cost approach for the value of the assembled
workforce.
The total purchase price of approximately $274.0 million consisted of
$225.7 million of the Company's Common Stock (5,029,964 shares), assumed stock
options with a fair value of $37.2 million, and other acquisition related
expenses of approximately $11.1 million, consisting primarily of payments for
financial advisor and other professional fees. Of the total purchase price,
$19.2 million was allocated to net tangible assets, and the remainder was
allocated to intangible assets, including in-process technology ($200,000),
existing technology ($18.3 million), customer base ($9.8 million), assembled
workforce ($3.4 million) and goodwill ($223.1 million). The acquired in-process
technology was expensed in the period the transaction was consummated. The other
acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill, will be amortized over their
estimated useful lives of three years. Goodwill will be amortized over its
estimated useful life of three years resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge
of $21.2 million during the amortization period.
The docSpace Company
In March of 2000, the Company acquired all outstanding stock of The
docSpace Company, a leading provider of Web-based services for secure file
delivery, storage and collaboration. The acquisition was accounted for using the
purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the purchase price was allocated
to the tangible and intangible assets acquired on the basis of their respective
fair values on the acquisition date. The fair value of intangible assets was
determined based upon a preliminary valuation using a combination of methods,
including a cost approach for the acquired existing technology, and replacement
cost approach for the value of the assembled workforce.
The total purchase price of $300.4 million consisted of $30.0 million cash,
Common Stock (3,805,820 shares) valued at $234.0 million, the assumption of
warrants valued at $26.4 million and other acquisition costs of approximately
$10.0 million. Of the total purchase price, approximately $5.4 million has been
F-14
<PAGE> 80
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
allocated to net tangible liabilities and the remainder has been allocated to
intangible assets, including assembled workforce ($500,000), existing technology
($21.5 million), and goodwill ($283.8 million). The acquired intangible assets,
excluding goodwill, will be amortized over their estimated useful lives of three
years. Goodwill will be amortized using the straight-line method over three
years, resulting in an aggregate quarterly charge of $25.5 million during the
amortization period.
RemarQ Communities, Inc.
On January 28, 2000, the Company signed a definitive agreement to acquire
RemarQ Communities Inc., ("RemarQ"), a provider of Internet collaboration
services for corporations, Web portals and Internet service providers. The
acquisition, which is subject to the approval of RemarQ's stockholders and is
expected to close on or before March 31, 2000, will be accounted for using the
purchase method of accounting and accordingly, the purchase price will be
allocated to the tangible and intangible net assets acquired on the basis of
their respective fair values on the acquisition date.
The total estimated purchase price of approximately $267.5 million will
consist of approximately $267.0 million of the Company's Common Stock including
assumed stock options based upon the number of shares to be determined at
closing (estimated to be 3,982,930 shares including assumed stock options based
upon the terms of the merger agreement and assuming no dissenting shares), and
an average of the closing market price of the Company's Common Stock over a
period of two days prior and two days after the proposed transaction was
announced ($67.0375), and other estimated acquisition related expenses of
approximately $500,000, consisting primarily of payments for legal and other
professional fees. Of the total estimated purchase price, approximately $8.7
million will be allocated to net tangible assets, and the remainder will be
allocated to intangible assets, including existing technology ($4.3 million),
assembled workforce ($3.2 million), customer base ($5.6 million), and goodwill
totaling ($245.7 million). The acquired intangible assets, excluding goodwill,
will be amortized over their estimated useful lives of one to three years.
Goodwill will be amortized using the straight-line method over its estimated
useful life of three years.
NOTE 3 -- ACQUISITION-RELATED RETENTION BONUS
In connection with its acquisitions of dotOne, Amplitude, Xeti and FaxNet,
the Company established a retention bonus program in the aggregate amount of $14
million to provide incentive for former dotOne, Amplitude, Xeti and FaxNet
employees to continue their employment with Critical Path. Payment of bonuses to
the listed employees will occur one year following the date of acquisition,
unless the listed employees voluntarily terminate their employment with the
Company prior to the respective acquisition's one-year anniversary. The
aggregate amount of the eligible bonuses is adjusted downward at each point that
a former dotOne, Amplitude, and FaxNet employee chooses to terminate his or her
employment with the Company. The amount of any such downward adjustment
corresponds to the amount that the terminating employee would have received had
he or she elected to continue employment with the Company. A ratable share of
the adjusted eligible bonus amount will be accrued and charged to compensation
expense over the respective 12 months commencing on the date the bonuses are
granted. As of December 31, 1999, the aggregate, adjusted eligible bonus amount
was $11.6 million, and the ratable charge to compensation expense was $4.1
million. Based on the functions of the employees scheduled to receive
acquisition bonuses, $520,000 of the compensation charge was allocated to cost
of net revenues and the remaining $3.6 million was allocated to operating
expenses.
F-15
<PAGE> 81
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 4 -- ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1998 1999
---------------------- ---- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Accounts receivable................................ $171 $10,770
Allowance for doubtful accounts.................... (50) (623)
---- -------
Accounts receivable, net................. $121 $10,147
==== =======
</TABLE>
Bad debt expense was $0, $50, and $446 in 1997, 1998, and 1999,
respectively.
NOTE 5 -- OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31 1998 1999
----------- ---- -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred acquisition costs......................... $ -- $21,000
Notes receivable................................... -- 15,572
Other current assets............................... 138 4,228
---- -------
Other current assets..................... $138 $40,800
==== =======
</TABLE>
Deferred acquisition costs
In connection with the Company's agreements to acquire docSpace and ISOCOR
(see Note 2 -- "Acquisitions"), the Company has accrued for certain
acquisition-related costs in the amount of $10 million and $11 million,
respectively. Upon consummation of these acquisitions, the related amounts were
recognized as part of the relative purchase price.
Notes receivable
In July 1999, the Company advanced $10 million to a privately-held company
pursuant to a promissory note. The note bears interest at the prime rate of
interest as stipulated in the Wall Street Journal. The amount was advanced in
connection with the Company's evaluation of the obligor for potential
acquisition. Under the terms of the note, all principal and accrued interest is
repayable within 90 days of written demand by the holder. Upon the decision by
Critical Path not to proceed with an acquisition of the obligor, Critical Path
presented a demand notice for repayment on August 18, 1999. All amounts owed to
Critical Path pursuant to this note were due to be paid not later than November
16, 1999, however, Critical Path granted an extension to the obligor. All
principal and interest was subsequently paid in January 2000.
In August 1999, the Company advanced $5 million to docSpace pursuant to a
promissory note. The note bears interest at the prime rate of interest of 8.0%
per annum and matures on August 2, 2000. The amount was advanced in connection
with the Company's evaluation of docSpace for potential acquisition. Under the
terms of the note, any portion of the principal and/or interest outstanding on
the note may be converted into Common Stock at the election of docSpace. On
March 8, 2000, the Company consummated its acquisition of docSpace.
F-16
<PAGE> 82
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 6 -- INVESTMENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NET ESTIMATED
COST UNREALIZED FAIR
DECEMBER 31, 1999 BASIS GAINS VALUE
----------------- ----- ---------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Marketable securities.................................. $ 3,000 $7,926 $10,926
Non-marketable securities, at cost..................... 7,500 -- 7,500
------- ------ -------
Investments.......................................... $10,500 $7,926 $18,426
======= ====== =======
</TABLE>
The Company's investments consist of equity investments in strategic
corporate partners. The Company's investment in Starmedia is a marketable
security and is stated at fair value, which is based on quoted market rates.
Adjustments to the fair value of this investment are recorded as a component of
other comprehensive income. The Company's other investments are recorded at
historical cost. Although the market value of these investments are not readily
determinable, management believes the fair value of these investments exceed
their carrying value. No long-term investments were held as of December 31,
1998.
NOTE 7 -- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31 1998 1999
----------- ------ -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Computer equipment and software............................. $5,247 $64,312
Furniture and fixtures.................................... 74 1,694
Leasehold improvements.................................... 411 1,499
------ -------
5,732 67,505
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization........ (1,045) (14,988)
------ -------
$4,687 $52,517
====== =======
</TABLE>
Property and equipment includes $4.8 million and $18.6 million of assets
under capital leases at December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively. Accumulated
depreciation of assets under capital leases totaled $765,000 and $7.0 million at
December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
Depreciation expense of assets totaled $26,000, $1,019,000 and $8,063,000
for the periods ended December 31, 1997, 1998, and 1999, respectively.
The company expensed software development costs during the periods ended
December 31, 1997, 1998, and 1999, respectively. To date, no amounts associated
with internally developed software have been capitalized.
NOTE 8 -- INTANGIBLE ASSETS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31 1999
----------- --------------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C>
Goodwill.................................................... $475,368
Customer list............................................... 12,800
Assembled workforce......................................... 6,960
Existing technology......................................... 9,940
Patent license.............................................. 1,488
--------
506,556
Less: accumulated amortization.............................. (32,259)
--------
Intangible assets, net...................................... $474,297
========
</TABLE>
F-17
<PAGE> 83
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Related amortization expense was $32.6 million in 1999. There were no
intangible assets during 1997 and 1998.
NOTE 9 -- RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Notes receivable from shareholders
At December 31, 1998, the Company had notes receivable from shareholders
and officers of the Company related to purchases of Common Stock totaling
$85,000 and $1,066,000 which accrue interest at 5.69% and 4.51% per annum,
respectively. At December 31, 1999, the Company had notes receivable from
shareholders, who are officers of the Company, related to purchases of Common
Stock totaling $1,066,000 and $30,000 respectively, and which accrue interest at
4.51% per annum. The notes are full recourse and secured by the Common Stock.
The notes are due and payable in February 2003 or, for the $1,066,000 note, 90
days following termination of the officer.
Notes receivable from officers
At December 31, 1998 and 1999, the Company held notes receivable from
officers totaling $500,000 and $669,000, respectively. The notes accrue interest
at the rate of 4.51% and between 4.51% and 4.64% per annum, respectively, and
are secured by all shares of the Company's Common Stock held by these
individuals, and are due and payable in November 2003 and between November 2003
and February 2004, respectively, or 30 days following termination of the
officer.
Revenues
In April 1998, the Company entered into an email services agreement with a
significant customer, who was also a holder of the Company's Series B Preferred
Stock and is still a holder of the Company's Common Stock. Net revenues from
this shareholder approximated $605,000 and $2.4 million for the years ended
December 31, 1998 and 1999, respectively.
The following is a summary of revenues and receivables associated with
related parties:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REVENUES RECEIVABLES
-------------- --------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1998 1999 1998 1999
---------------------- ---- ------ ---- ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
E*TRADE..................................... $605 $2,423 $-- $1,055
US West..................................... 29 460 29 426
AOL......................................... -- 287 -- 267
---- ------ --- ------
$634 $3,170 $29 $1,748
==== ====== === ======
</TABLE>
NOTE 10 -- BORROWINGS
Convertible promissory notes
At December 31, 1997, the Company had obligations totaling $420,000 under
7% convertible promissory notes payable to individual investors. In April 1998,
the principal amount of the notes was converted into 582,040 shares of Series A
Convertible Preferred Stock at $0.72 per share. In January and February 1998,
the Company issued an additional $430,000 of 7% convertible promissory notes to
individual investors. In April 1998, the principal amount of the notes was
converted into 595,897 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at $0.72
per share.
F-18
<PAGE> 84
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Convertible promissory notes-related parties
At December 31, 1997, the Company had obligations totaling $427,000 under
7% - 10% convertible promissory notes payable to the Company's founder and an
individual associated with the founder. In April 1998, $200,000 of the principal
amount of the notes was converted into 277,162 shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock at $0.72 per share and the remaining balance of $227,000 was
repaid in cash.
In January and February 1998, the Company issued an additional $70,000 of
7% convertible promissory notes to a member of the Board of Directors and an
individual associated with the Company's founder. In April 1998, the principal
amount of the notes was converted into 97,006 shares of Series A Convertible
Preferred Stock at $0.72 per share. See Note 9 -- "Related Parties".
NOTE 11 -- INCOME TAXES
The Company did not provide any current or deferred federal, state or
foreign income tax provision or benefit for any of the periods presented because
it has experienced operating losses since inception. The Company has provided a
full valuation allowance on the deferred net tax asset, consisting primarily of
net operating loss carryforwards, because of uncertainty regarding its
realizability
At December 31, 1999, the Company had approximately $94.9 million of
federal and state net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future
taxable income. Federal and state net operating loss carryforwards expire in
varying amounts through 2019 and 2005, respectively. Under the Tax Reform Act of
1986, the amounts of and benefits from net operating loss carryforwards may be
impaired or limited in certain circumstances. Events which cause limitations in
the amount of net operating losses that the Company may utilize in any one year
include, but are not limited to, a cumulative ownership change of more than 50%,
as defined, over a three year period. These carryforwards will begin to expire
at various times starting in 2012 and 2005 for federal and state tax purposes,
respectively. To the extent that net operating loss carryforwards, when
realized, relate to stock option deductions of approximately $8.9 million, the
resulting benefits will be credited to shareholders' equity.
At December 31, 1999, the Company also had research and development credit
carryforwards of approximately $1.2 million and $717,000 for federal and state
purposes, respectively. The research and development credit carryforwards expire
through 2019 for federal purposes, and do not expire for state purposes.
F-19
<PAGE> 85
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of
the Company's deferred tax assets are approximately as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DECEMBER 31 1998 1999
----------- ------ -------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
Deferred tax assets
Net operating loss carryforwards.......................... $3,763 $37,791
Research and development credits.......................... 238 1,630
Fixed assets.............................................. -- 2,295
Accrued liabilities....................................... -- 1,946
Other..................................................... -- 77
------ -------
Total deferred tax assets................................... 4,001 43,739
Deferred tax liabilities
Intangible assets......................................... -- (18,379)
------ -------
Total deferred tax liabilities.............................. -- (18,379)
------ -------
Valuation allowance for net deferred tax assets............. 4,001 25,360
------ -------
Net deferred tax assets..................................... $ -- $ --
====== =======
</TABLE>
The difference between the Company's effective income tax rate and the
federal statutory rate is as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1998 1999
---------------------- ------ ------
<S> <C> <C>
Statutory tax benefit....................................... (34.00)% (34.00)%
State taxes, net of federal benefit......................... (5.83) (5.83)
Stock-based expenses........................................ -- 12.71
Goodwill amortization....................................... -- 8.97
Research and development credits............................ (2.57) (0.79)
Change in valuation allowance............................... 42.19 18.90
Other....................................................... 0.21 0.04
------ ------
Provision for income taxes.................................. 0.00% 0.00%
====== ======
</TABLE>
NOTE 12 -- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Leases
The Company leases office space and equipment under noncancelable operating
and capital leases with various expiration dates through 2004. Rent expense for
the period from February 19, 1997 (inception) to December 31, 1997 and for the
years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999, totaled $33,000, $220,000 and
$1,253,000, respectively.
Certain lease agreements contain covenants, which, among other
restrictions, prohibit the Company with respect to changes in business without
prior written consent of the bank. The Company's acquisition of Amplitude (see
Note 2 -- "Acquisitions") triggered a change in business covenant violation of
the Amplitude's lease facility agreement acquired by the Company. The Company
has obtained a waiver from the bank for its violation and has amended the
underlying agreement so as to prevent future violations.
F-20
<PAGE> 86
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating and capital
leases are as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CAPITAL OPERATING
LEASES LEASES
------- ---------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C>
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31
2000...................................................... $ 6,971 $ 3,327
2001...................................................... 5,441 3,879
2002...................................................... 1,720 3,138
2003...................................................... 16 2,354
2004 and thereafter....................................... -- 12,553
------- -------
Total minimum lease payments.............................. 14,148 $25,251
=======
Less: Amount representing interest........................ (1,814)
Unamortized discount...................................... (80)
-------
Present value of capital lease obligations................ 12,254
Less: Current portion..................................... (6,585)
-------
Long-term portion of capital lease obligations............ $ 5,669
=======
</TABLE>
Equipment lease lines
In April 1998, the Company entered into a financing agreement that provides
for the acquisition of equipment up to $1,000,000. Amounts available under this
agreement are limited to specific acquisitions through March 2001 and are
collateralized by the related equipment. Such amounts are payable over a three-
year period in monthly installments of principal and interest, with interest
accruing at a rate of 6.3% per annum.
In April 1998, the Company entered into another financing agreement that
provides for the acquisition of equipment up to $2,000,000. Amounts available
under this agreement are limited to specific acquisitions between May 1, 1998
and April 30, 1999. Such amounts are payable over a three-year period in monthly
installments of principal and interest, with interest accruing at the rate of
7.0% per annum. As part of this agreement, the Company issued warrants to
purchase 97,006 shares of Series A Preferred Stock at a purchase price of $0.72
per share. The Company estimated the fair value of these warrants at date of
issuance was approximately $53,000 that is being amortized as interest expense
over the term of the lease obligation.
In May 1998, the Company entered into a financing agreement that provides
for the acquisition of equipment up to $3,500,000 and software and tenant
improvements up to $1,500,000. Amounts available under this agreement were
limited to specific acquisitions between March 1, 1998 and May 1, 1999. Such
amounts are payable over a three-year period in monthly installments of
principal and interest, with interest accruing at the rate of 7.0% per annum. As
part of this agreement, the Company issued warrants to purchase 242,516 shares
of Series A Preferred Stock at a purchase price of $0.72 per share. The Company
estimated the fair value associated with these warrants at date of issuance was
approximately $133,000 which is being amortized as interest expense over the
term of the lease obligation.
Service Level Agreements
Net revenues are derived from contractual relationships that typically have
one to three year terms. Certain agreements require minimum performance
standards regarding the availability and response time of email services. If
these standards are not met, such contracts are subject to termination and the
Company could be subject to monetary penalties.
F-21
<PAGE> 87
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Contingencies
The Company recently acquired The docSpace Company, which is involved in a
patent infringement action with Tumbleweed Communications Corp. The lawsuit
relates to a Tumbleweed patent that describes an apparatus for delivering
documents via the Internet. docSpace has denied the allegations of infringement,
and has counterclaimed for violations of the antitrust laws and related state
law claims. This case is in the preliminary phase and the Company is not
currently able to assess the impact, if any, on its financial position or
results of operations.
The Company is party to various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of
its business. The Company believes that the ultimate outcome of these matters
will not have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of
operations, or operating cash flow.
NOTE 13 -- SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Changes in equity security shares outstanding were:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
----- ------ -------
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31 (IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Convertible Preferred Stock..............................
Shares outstanding, beginning of year.................. -- -- 16,362
Issuance of Series A................................... -- 12,725 --
Issuance of Series B................................... -- 3,637 2,773
Exercise of stock purchase rights and warrants......... -- -- 577
Conversion of Preferred Stock.......................... -- -- (19,912)
----- ------ -------
Shares outstanding, end of year..................... -- 16,362 --
----- ------ -------
Common Stock Shares outstanding, beginning of year....... -- 2,394 8,294
Issuance of Common Stock............................... 2,394 3,864 17,285
Exercise of stock options and warrants................. -- 2,036 1,580
Conversion of Preferred Stock.......................... -- -- 19,912
Purchase of Treasury Stock............................. -- -- (134)
----- ------ -------
Shares outstanding, end of year..................... 2,394 8,294 46,937
===== ====== =======
</TABLE>
Incorporation and Authorized Capital
The Company's Articles of Incorporation, as amended, authorize the Company
to issue 150 million shares of Common Stock at $0.001 par value, and 5 million
shares of Preferred Stock, at $0.001 par value. The holders of Preferred Stock
have various voting and dividend rights as well as preferences in the event of
liquidation.
Preferred Stock
On April 1, 1998, the Company completed its Series A Convertible Preferred
Stock ("Series A") financing through the issuance of 12,707,851 shares at a
price per share of $0.72 for net cash proceeds of $7,991,000, and the conversion
of convertible promissory notes payable totaling $1,120,000. The Company issued
an additional 18,013 shares of Series A Preferred Stock to the convertible
promissory note holders upon the exercise of their warrants for proceeds of
$13,000.
In September 1998, the Company issued 3,636,739 shares of its Series B
Convertible Preferred Stock ("Series B") at $4.26 per share for net proceeds of
approximately $15,441,000. In connection with this financing, the Company issued
warrants to purchase 70,290 shares of Series B at $4.26 per share to the
placement agent.
F-22
<PAGE> 88
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
In January 1999, the Company completed the second round of the Series B
financing through the issuance of 2,772,708 shares at $4.26 per share for net
proceeds of approximately $10,749,000. In connection with this financing, the
Company issued warrants to purchase 51,364 shares of Series B at $4.26 per share
to the placement agent.
Prior to the closing of the Company's initial public offering, the Series B
placement agent sold back to the Company at $4.26 per share an aggregate of
53,293 shares held by the placement agent or its affiliates.
As of the closing of the Company's initial public offering, all of the
Preferred Stock outstanding was converted into an aggregate of 19,912,000 shares
of Common Stock at conversion ratio of 1:1.
Common Stock
In January 1999, the Company sold 1,090,909 shares of Common Stock at a
price of $2.20 per share to a customer that also agreed to provide marketing
related services. In connection with the transactions, the Company recognized a
charge totaling $2,247,000 that will be attributed to sales and marketing
expense over the one-year term of the agreement.
On March 29, 1999, the Company completed its initial public offering
(referred to herein as the "Offering") of 5,175,000 shares of Common Stock
(including the exercise of the underwriters over allotment option) and realized
net proceeds of $114.1 million.
On June 2, 1999, the Company completed its secondary public offering of
3,000,000 shares of Common Stock and realized net proceeds of $140.7 million.
Warrants
In May 1998, the Company issued a warrant to purchase up to $250,000 of
Preferred Stock in the Company's next financing round to a customer as part of
an email services agreement. The warrant was exercisable until December 31, 2001
and the exercise price per share was equal to the price per share at which the
Company sold the Preferred Stock. In September 1998, the warrant was exercised
in connection with the Series B financing at a per share price of $4.26. The
Company has estimated the fair value of the warrants approximated $143,000,
which will be recognized as a sales discount over the term of the services
agreement. Approximately $95,000 and $48,000 was recognized in 1998 and 1999,
respectively.
In connection with various financing agreements described in Note 10, the
Company issued warrants to purchase 339,522 shares of Series A at $0.72 per
share. The warrants are exercisable for seven years from May 1, 1998, or five
years from the effective date of the Company's initial public offering,
whichever is shorter. The total amount of related warrants were exercised in
September and October of 1999.
In connection with the issuance of certain convertible promissory notes
described in Note 10, the Company issued warrants to purchase 113,636 shares of
Common Stock at $0.02 per share and 241,123 shares of Series A at $0.72 per
share. These warrants are exercisable for one and three years, respectively. The
warrants to purchase Common Stock were exercised in September 1998. At December
31, 1998, warrants to purchase 18,013 shares of Series A had been exercised. The
Company estimated the fair value of the warrants issued at approximately
$119,000 that was being amortized as interest expense during 1998 through March
of 1999 at which time the remaining warrants to purchase 223,110 share of Series
A were exercised.
In connection with the Series B financings, the Company issued warrants to
purchase 121,654 shares of Series B at $4.26 per share to the placement agent.
The total amount of warrants was exercised in March 1999.
In January 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with ICQ, Inc., a
subsidiary of America Online, Inc., pursuant to which the Company provides email
hosting services that are integrated with ICQ's
F-23
<PAGE> 89
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
instant messaging service provided to ICQ's customers. As part of the agreement,
ICQ agreed to provide sub-branded advertising for the Company in exchange for a
warrant to purchase 2,442,766 shares of Series B, issuable upon attainment of
each of five milestones. The following table summarizes the shares underlying
each milestone and the related exercise price:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES
UNDERLYING EXERCISE
WARRANT PRICE
---------- --------
<S> <C> <C>
Milestone 1............................................... 814,254 $4.26
Milestone 2............................................... 407,128 5.50
Milestone 3............................................... 407,128 6.60
Milestone 4............................................... 407,128 8.80
Milestone 5............................................... 407,128 11.00
---------
Totals.......................................... 2,442,766
=========
</TABLE>
In the quarter ended June 30, 1999, the Company amended the vesting terms
of the agreement with ICQ. The revised vesting terms did not impact the shares
underlying the first milestone, which vested immediately upon the execution of
the agreement. The shares underlying each of the remaining milestones vest on
the date in a quarter in which ICQ completes a minimum registration of 100,000
sub-branded ICQ mailboxes, compared to 250,000 sub-branded ICQ mailboxes as
provided in the terms of the original agreement. The amended agreement also
provides that only one milestone may be achieved on a quarterly basis. The
Company believes it is probable that all milestones will be achieved.
Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assuming a term of seven
years and expected volatility of 90%, the initial fair value of the warrant on
the effective date of the agreement approximated $16.5 million, which is being
amortized to advertising expense using the straight-line method over four years.
The shares underlying the second through fifth milestones are remeasured at each
subsequent reporting date until each sub-branded ICQ mailbox registration
threshold is achieved and the related warrant shares vest, at which time the
fair value attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the event
such remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair
value, which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be
recognized immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone
has been previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not.
As of December 31, 1999, three of the five milestones had been attained.
Aggregate charges to stock-based expenses of $27.4 million were recorded during
1999 related to these warrants. The remaining shares underlying the fourth and
fifth milestones were remeasured using the December 31, 1999 closing price of
$94.38 resulting in a revised fair value of the warrant of $109.7 million. The
Company expects that future changes in the trading price of the Company's Common
Stock at the end of each quarter, and at the time certain milestones are
achieved, will cause additional substantial changes in the ultimate amount of
the related stock-based charges.
Qwest Communications Corporation
In October 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with Qwest
Communications Corporation, a telecommunications company, pursuant to which the
Company will provide email hosting services to Qwest's customers. As part of the
agreement, Qwest agreed to provide sub-branded advertising for Critical Path in
exchange for a warrant to purchase up to a maximum of 3,534,540 shares of Common
Stock upon attainment of each of six milestones. The Company believes that this
agreement could have a significant current and
F-24
<PAGE> 90
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
potential future impact on the Company's results of operations. The following
table summarizes the shares underlying each milestone and the related exercise
price:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REGISTERED NO. SHARES
OF SUB-BRANDED UNDERLYING EXERCISE
EMAIL BOXES WARRANTS PRICE
-------------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Milestone 1.......................... Upon Execution 589,090 $41.581
Milestone 2.......................... 400,000 589,090 44.581
Milestone 3.......................... 800,000 589,090 47.581
Milestone 4.......................... 1,200,000 589,090 50.581
Milestone 5.......................... 1,600,000 589,090 53.581
Milestone 6.......................... 2,000,000 589,090 56.581
---------
Total...................... 3,534,540
=========
</TABLE>
The shares underlying those milestones for which achievement is considered
probable are remeasured at each subsequent reporting date, beginning at December
31, 1999, until each sub-branded Qwest mailbox registration threshold is
achieved and the related warrant shares vest, at which time the fair value
attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the event such
remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair value,
which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be recognized
immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone has been
previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not.
Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assuming a term of 5 years
and expected volatility of 90%, the initial fair value of the warrants
associated with the first milestone approximated $22.2 million, which is being
amortized to advertising expense using the straight-line method over 3 years.
The Company expects that future changes in the trading price of the Company's
Common Stock at the end of each quarter, and at the time certain milestones are
considered probable and achieved, may cause additional substantial changes in
the ultimate amount of the related stock-based charges.
Worldsport Network Ltd.
In December 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with Worldsport
Network Ltd., the sole and exclusive provider of Internet solutions for the
General Association of International Sports Federations ("GAISF") and a majority
of the international federations it recognizes. Worldsport will offer Critical
Path's advanced Web-based email and calendaring services to the entire GAISF
network and its members. As part of the agreement, Worldsport agreed to provide
sub-branded advertising for the Company in exchange for warrants to purchase up
to a 1.25% equity interest in the Company on a fully diluted basis upon
attainment of each of five milestones based on the number of email boxes
Worldsport registers and provides sub-branding. The warrants are exercisable for
five years after becoming vested. Any warrants not vested within five years of
the date of the agreement will be cancelled. The Company believes that this
agreement could have a
F-25
<PAGE> 91
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
significant current and potential future impact on the Company's results of
operations. The following table summarizes the vesting milestones and related
exercise prices:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REGISTERED NO.
OF SUB-BRANDED
EMAIL BOXES EXERCISE PRICE
----------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C>
Milestone 1....................... 2 million Average of the Company's closing
price for 15 days prior to
reaching the milestone 1
(Initial Exercise Price).
Milestone 2....................... 4 million Initial Exercise Price plus $5.00
Milestone 3....................... 8 million Initial Exercise Price plus $10.00
Milestone 4....................... 12 million Initial Exercise Price plus $15.00
Milestone 5....................... 20 million Initial Exercise Price plus $20.00
</TABLE>
The shares underlying those milestones for which achievement is considered
probable are remeasured at each subsequent reporting date, beginning at December
31, 1999, until each sub-branded Worldsport mailbox registration threshold is
achieved and the related warrant shares vest, at which time the fair value
attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the event such
remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair value,
which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be recognized
immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone has been
previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not.
As of December 31, 1999, none of the milestones were considered probable
and as a result, no deferred compensation associated with these warrants was
recognized. The Company expects that future changes in the trading price of the
Company's Common Stock at the end of each quarter, and at the time subsequent
milestones are considered probable and achieved, will cause additional
substantial changes in the ultimate amount of the related stock-based expenses.
Lessor Warrant
In December 1999, the Company entered into an agreement with one of its
lessors, in connection with an office lease, pursuant to which the lessor is
entitled to purchase up to a maximum of 25,000 shares of Common Stock. The
warrants may be exercised beginning January 1, 2000 through December 20, 2006 at
a price of $90.00 per share. The warrants vest at the beginning of each month on
a straight-line basis in the amount of 521 shares per month.
Using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and assuming a term of 6 years
and expected volatility of 90%, the fair value of the warrants on the effective
date of the agreement approximated $2.0 million, which will be amortized to
general and administrative expenses using the straight-line method over 10 years
beginning January 2000.
AT&T
In January 2000, the docSpace Company entered into an agreement with AT&T
Corporation, pursuant to which the docSpace Company will provide secure
messaging services to AT&T's Internet portal customers. As part of the
agreement, AT&T agreed to provide marketing, publicity, promotional and
provision branding for docSpace, and upon completion of the acquisition for
Critical Path, in exchange for a warrant to purchase up to a maximum of 349,123
shares of Common Stock upon attainment of each of three milestones. The Company
believes that this agreement could have a significant current and potential
future impact on the
F-26
<PAGE> 92
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Company's results of operations. The following table summarizes the shares
underlying each milestone and the related exercise price:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SHARES
UNDERLYING EXERCISE
WARRANTS PRICE
---------- ----------
<S> <C> <C>
Milestone 1................................................. 199,499 39.098
Milestone 2................................................. 74,812 39.098
Milestone 3................................................. 74,812 39.098
-------
Totals............................................ 349,123
=======
</TABLE>
The Company believes that all shares underlying these warrants are
considered probable of issuance. The shares underlying the warrants associated
with the first milestone were fully vested on the inception date of the
agreement. The shares underlying the remaining warrants associated with the
second and third milestone will be remeasured at each subsequent reporting date,
beginning at March 31, 2000, until each sub-branded AT&T mailbox registration
threshold is achieved and the related warrant shares vest, at which time the
fair value attributable to that tranche of the warrant is fixed. In the event
such remeasurement results in increases or decreases from the initial fair
value, which could be substantial, these increases or decreases will be
recognized immediately, if the fair value of the shares underlying the milestone
has been previously recognized, or over the remaining term, if not. The Company
expects that future changes in the trading price of the Company's Common Stock
at the end of each quarter, and at the time certain milestones are achieved,
will cause additional substantial changes in the ultimate amount of the related
stock-based charges.
Using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and assuming a term of 7 years
and expected volatility of 90%, the initial fair value of all the warrants on
the effective date of the agreement approximated $26.4 million, which is
included as a component of the purchase price of the acquisition. The warrants
underlying the second and third milestones will be remeasured at each subsequent
reporting date until the milestone requirements are met. The remeasured amounts
will be capitalized and amortized to expense using the straight-line method over
3 years.
The Company expects that future changes in the trading price of the
Company's Common Stock at the end of each quarter, and at the time certain
milestones are achieved, will cause additional substantial changes in the
ultimate amount of the related stock-based charges.
Stock Purchase Rights
In February 1998, the Company entered into stock purchase agreements with
three founders and sold 3,863,635 shares of the Company's Common Stock at $0.02
per share. Under the terms of the stock purchase agreements, the Company has the
right to purchase the shares of Common Stock at the original issue price in the
event any one of the founders ceases to be an employee of the Company. These
repurchase rights lapse 25% on the first anniversary of the vesting start date
and ratably each month thereafter for 36 months. In the event of a change in
control of the Company or the closing date of the Offering, repurchase rights
with respect to 50% of the then unvested shares of Common Stock will lapse. On
September 1, 1999, 80,508 shares were repurchased in connection with the early
termination of one of the founders. At December 31, 1998 and 1999, 2,130,680 and
1,155,303 of these shares of Common Stock were subject to repurchase rights,
respectively. In connection with the issuance of these shares, the Company
recorded unearned compensation of $1,306,000 that is being recognized over the
periods in which the Company's repurchase rights lapse.
In May 1998, the Company issued a right to purchase 454,544 shares of
Common Stock or Preferred Stock in a subsequent financing to a customer as part
of an email services agreement. Under the agreement, the price was equal to 80%
of the price at which the Preferred Stock was sold in the subsequent financing
for the initial 227,272 shares and 100% of such price for the remaining 227,272
shares. In September 1998, the
F-27
<PAGE> 93
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
Company completed its initial Series B financing at a per share price of $4.26.
The Company estimated the fair value of the purchase right to be $194,000, which
is recognized as a sales discount over the term of the services agreement.
Approximately $136,000 and $58,000 was recognized in 1998 and 1999,
respectively. No warrants were exercised as of December 31, 1998. In January
1999, the customer exercised stock purchase rights to purchase 454,544 shares of
Series B for cash proceeds of approximately $1,744,000.
In October 1998, an officer exercised stock options to purchase 1,274,687
shares of the Company's Common Stock at a price of $0.84 per share. Under the
terms of the option, the Company has the right to purchase the unvested shares
of Common Stock at the original issue price in the event the officer ceases to
be an employee of the Company. The repurchase rights lapse ratably each month
for 48 months. At December 31, 1998 and 1999, 1,221,575 and 902,903 of these
shares of Common Stock were subject to repurchase rights, respectively. In
connection with the option grant preceding this transaction, the Company
recognized unearned compensation totaling $3.8 million that is included in the
aggregate unearned compensation charges discussed below.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In January 1999, the Board of Directors adopted the 1999 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan (the "Purchase Plan") effective on the date of the Company's
Offering. The Purchase Plan reserves 600,000 shares for issuance thereunder.
Employees generally will be eligible to participate in the Purchase Plan if the
Company customarily employs them for more than 20 hours per week and more than
five months in a calendar year and are not 5% or greater shareholders. Under the
Purchase Plan, eligible employees may select a rate of payroll deduction up to
15% of their compensation subject to certain maximum purchase limitations. The
Purchase Plan will be implemented in a series of overlapping twenty-four month
offering periods beginning on the effective date of the Offering with subsequent
offering periods beginning on the first trading day on or after May 1 and
November 1 of each year. Purchases will occur on each April 30 and October 31
(the "Purchase Dates") during each participation period. Under the Purchase
Plan, eligible employees will be granted an option to purchase shares of Common
Stock at a purchase price equal to 85% of the fair market value per share of
Common Stock on either the start date of the offering period or the date on
which the option is exercised, whichever is less. If the fair market value of
the Common Stock on any Purchase Date (other than the final Purchase Date) is
lower than the fair market value on the start date of that offering period, then
all participants in that offering period will be automatically withdrawn from
such offering period and re-enrolled in the offering period immediately
following.
Stock purchases under the Purchase Plan were 42,495 in 1999. The estimated
weighted average fair value of those purchase was $11.00 per share in 1999. The
Company based its estimates on the Black-Scholes model using the following
assumption: risk-free weighted average interest rate of 6.0%, volatility factor
of expected market price of the Company's Common Stock of 90.0%, and expected
life of 90 days.
Stock Options
In January 1998, the Company's Board of Directors adopted the 1998 Stock
Option Plan ("1998 Plan"). The 1998 Plan provides for the granting of up to
12,288,741 stock options to employees and consultants of the Company. Options
granted under the Plan may be either incentive stock options ("ISOs") or
nonqualified stock options ("NSOs"). ISOs may be granted only to Company
employees (including officers and directors). NSOs may be granted to Company
employees and consultants. In September 1999, the Company's Board of Directors
adopted the 1999 Stock Option Plan ("1999 Plan"). The 1999 Plan provides for the
granting of up to 4.0 million NSOs options to employees, directors, and
consultants.
F-28
<PAGE> 94
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company has, in connection with the acquisition of various companies,
assumed the stock option plans of each acquired company. At December 31, 1999, a
total of 830,672 shares of the Company's Common Stock were reserved for
outstanding shares issued under the assumed plans, and the related options are
included in the following table.
Options under all of the Company's stock option plans may be granted for
periods of up to ten years and at prices no less than 85% of the estimated fair
value of the shares on the date of grant as determined by the Board of
Directors, provided, however, that (i) the exercise price of an ISO may not be
less than 100% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant,
and (ii) the exercise price of an ISO granted to a 10% shareholder may not be
less than 110% of the estimated fair value of the shares on the date of grant.
Options generally vest 25% per year and are exercisable for a maximum period of
ten years from the date of grant.
A summary of the status of the Company's stock option plans as of December
31, 1998, and 1999, and changes during the periods ending on those dates is
presented below:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
---------------------- ----------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
---------- -------- ---------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding, beginning of the period........... -- -- 7,752,556 $ 0.86
Granted and assumed............................ 10,595,453 $0.74 8,315,363 26.87
Exercised...................................... (1,924,723) 0.58 (1,247,665) 1.32
Canceled....................................... (918,174) 0.16 (1,032,295) 19.04
---------- ----------
Outstanding, end of the period................. 7,752,556 0.86 13,787,959 15.12
Options exercisable at December 31............. 939,522 0.02 2,245,271 0.88
Weighted-average fair value of options
granted during the period.................... 1.56 30.15
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
at December 31, 1999:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
------------------------------------------------- OPTIONS EXERCISABLE
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE -------------------------------------
NUMBER REMAINING WEIGHTED-AVERAGE WEIGHTED-AVERAGE
RANGE OF EXERCISE PRICES OUTSTANDING CONTRACTUAL LIFE EXERCISE PRICE NUMBER EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE
- ------------------------ ----------- ---------------- ---------------- ------------------ ----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
$ 0.022 - $ 0.022 1,791,043 8.14 $ 0.02 1,122,718 $ 0.02
$ 0.040 - $ 0.550 377,929 8.28 0.33 88,043 0.27
$ 0.740 - $ 0.836 3,105,722 8.82 0.82 490,474 0.83
$ 1.110 - $ 2.200 1,480,620 8.83 2.14 412,572 2.02
$ 2.270 - $ 4.012 1,586,121 9.01 3.61 107,184 3.26
$ 4.120 - $29.803 1,319,911 9.25 19.21 19,593 8.75
$33.875 - $33.875 2,866,925 9.67 33.87 4,167 33.89
$34.500 - $84.000 1,246,688 9.81 58.76 520 47.75
$84.500 - $84.500 5,000 9.99 84.50 0 --
$87.000 - $87.000 8,000 9.33 87.00 0 --
---------- ---- ------ --------- ------
13,787,959 9.05 $15.12 2,245,271 $ 0.88
========== =========
</TABLE>
The compensation cost associated with the Company's stock-based
compensation plans, determined using the minimum value method prescribed by SFAS
No. 123, did not result in a material difference from the reported net loss for
the year ended December 31, 1998. Had compensation cost been recognized based on
F-29
<PAGE> 95
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
the fair value at the date of grant for options granted during 1999, the pro
forma amounts of the Company's net loss and net loss per share would have been
as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1999
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 ---------------------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT
PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C>
Net loss -- as reported................................. $(116,941)
Net loss -- pro forma................................... (79,690)
Basic and diluted net loss per share -- as reported..... (3.93)
Basic and diluted net loss per share -- pro forma....... (2.68)
</TABLE>
The Company calculated the minimum value and the fair value of each option
grant on the date of grant during the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1999,
respectively, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model as prescribed by SFAS
No. 123 using the following assumptions:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1998 1999
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 ---- ----
<S> <C> <C>
Risk-free interest rate..................................... 5.9% 6.0%
Expected lives (in years)................................... 4.0 4.0
Dividend yield.............................................. 0.0% 0.0%
Expected volatility......................................... 0.0% 90.0%
</TABLE>
Unearned stock-based compensation
In connection with certain stock option grants and Common Stock issuances
to employees, directors and advisors during the years ended December 31, 1998
and 1999, the Company recognized unearned compensation totaling $19.9 million
and $22.3 million respectively, which is being amortized over the vesting
periods of the related options. Amortization expense recognized during 1998 and
1999 totaled approximately $2.5 million, and $17.6 million, respectively.
During 1999, the Company also incurred a stock-based charge of
approximately $2 million in connection with a severance agreement for a
terminated employee. This expense was charged to cost of net revenues.
Other comprehensive income
The tax effects allocated to each component of "Other comprehensive income"
were:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
BEFORE TAX BENEFIT NET OF
TAX (EXPENSE) TAX
------ ----------- ------
(IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Unrealized investment gains............................ $7,926 -- $7,926
Foreign currency translation adjustments............... (97) -- (97)
------ -- ------
Other comprehensive income............................. $7,829 -- $7,829
====== == ======
</TABLE>
F-30
<PAGE> 96
CRITICAL PATH, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
NOTE 14 -- LOSS PER SHARE
Net loss per share is calculated as follows:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
1997 1998 1999
---------- ----------- ------------
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Net loss........................................... $(1,074) $(11,461) $(116,941)
Weighted average shares outstanding................ 2,717 5,119 32,860
Weighted average common shares issued subject to
repurchase agreements............................ (723) (1,220) (2,830)
Shares held in escrow related to acquisitions...... -- -- (260)
------- -------- ---------
Shares used in computation of basic and diluted
loss per share................................... 1,994 3,899 29,770
======= ======== =========
Basic and diluted loss per share................... $ (0.54) $ (2.94) $ (3.93)
======= ======== =========
</TABLE>
At December 31, 1998 and 1999, 28,607,997 and 19,164,493 potential common
shares respectively, are excluded from the determination of diluted net loss per
share, as the effect of such shares on a weighted average basis is
anti-dilutive.
NOTE 15 -- QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH
-------- -------- -------- --------
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1998
Net Revenues.......................................... $ 70 $ 66 $ 156 $ 605
Gross profit (loss)................................... (12) (164) (785) (488)
Loss from operations.................................. (1,170) (1,798) (3,022) (5,458)
Net loss.............................................. (1,320) (1,751) (3,061) (5,329)
Net loss per share -- basic and diluted............... (0.49) (0.50) (0.74) (1.14)
1999
Net Revenues.......................................... $ 1,049 $ 2,006 $ 4,913 $ 8,189
Gross profit (loss)................................... (1,311) (1,971) (2,610) 492
Loss from operations.................................. (17,881) (18,023) (26,998) (60,348)
Net loss.............................................. (17,594) (16,321) (24,324) (58,702)
Net loss per share -- basic and diluted............... (2.51) (0.49) (0.65) (1.41)
</TABLE>
F-31
<PAGE> 97
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
Registrant has duly caused this amendment to its Annual Report on Form 10-K to
be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the
City of San Francisco, State of California, on the 27th day of March, 2000.
Critical Path, Inc.
By: /s/ DOUGLAS T. HICKEY
------------------------------------
Douglas T. Hickey
Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
amendment to its Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below by the
following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME TITLE DATE
---- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
/s/ DOUGLAS T. HICKEY Chief Executive Officer March 27, 2000
- ----------------------------------------------------- and Director
Douglas T. Hickey (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ MARK J. RUBASH Executive Vice President, March 27, 2000
- ----------------------------------------------------- Chief Financial Officer
Mark J. Rubash (Principal Financial and
Accounting Officer)
* Chairman of the Board March 27, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
David C. Hayden
Director March 27, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Christos M. Cotsakos
Director March 27, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Lisa Gansky
* Director March 27, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
Kevin R. Harvey
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 98
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NAME TITLE DATE
---- ----- ----
<S> <C> <C>
* Director March 27, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
James A. Smith
* Director March 27, 2000
- -----------------------------------------------------
George Zachary
*By: /s/ DOUGLAS T. HICKEY
---------------------------------------
Douglas T. Hickey
Attorney-in-fact
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 99
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- ------- -----------
<S> <C>
2.1 Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 26, 1999, between the
Registrant and Fabrik Communications, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Registration on
Form S-1/A (File No. 333-78197))
2.2 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated October 20,
1999, by and among Critical Path, Inc., Initialize
Acquisition Corp. and ISOCOR. (Incorporated by reference to
Annex A to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form
S-4 (File No. 333-92199))
2.3 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated June 22, 1999,
among Critical Path, Inc., Amplitude Software Corp. and
Apollo Acquisition Corp. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K
(File No. 000-25331))
2.4 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated July 15, 1999,
among Critical Path, Inc., dotOne Corporation and dotOne
Acquisition Corp. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1
to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K (File No.
000-25331))
2.5 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated January 28,
2000, by and among Critical Path, Inc., D.V. Acquisition
Corp. and RemarQ Communities, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the Registrant's Annual Report
on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25331))
2.6 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated November 3,
1999, by and among Critical Path, Inc., Compass Holding
Corp., Compass Acquisition Corp., 3034996 Nova Scotia
Company, 3034997 Nova Scotia Company and The docSpace
Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.6 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
000-25331))
2.7 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated November 2,
1999, by and among Critical Path, Inc., Wellfleet
Acquisition Corp. and FaxNet Corporation. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 2.7 to the Registrant's Annual Report
on Form 10-K (File No. 000-25331))
2.8 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization, dated October 8, 1999,
by and among Critical Path, Inc., Xeti Acquisition Corp. and
Xeti, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.8 to the
Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
000-25331))
3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i)(b) to the
Registrant's Registration on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3(ii)(b) to the Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
4.1 Form of Common Stock Certificate. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
4.2 Warrant to Purchase Preferred Stock dated September 11, 1998
issued by the Registrant to Hambrecht & Quist LLC.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
4.3 Warrant to Purchase Preferred Stock dated January 13, 1999
issued by the Registrant to Hambrecht & Quist LLC.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
4.4 Warrant to Purchase Common Stock dated January 29, 1999
issued by the Registrant to America Online, Inc.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.1 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and
each of its directors and officers. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.2 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 100
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT
NUMBER DESCRIPTION
- ------- -----------
<S> <C>
10.3 1998 Stock Plan and forms of stock option agreements
thereunder. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to
the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File
No. 333-71499))
10.4 Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated September
11, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.5 Amendment to Series B Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement
dated January 13, 1999. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.6 Amended and Restated Investors' Rights Agreement dated
September 11, 1998. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.6 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1
(File No. 333-71499))
10.7 Amendment to the Amended and Restated Investors' Rights
Agreement dated January 13, 1999. (Incorporated by reference
to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant's Registration Statement
on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.8 Master Equipment Lease Agreement dated April 28, 1998, and
Lease Line Schedule thereto, by and between the Registrant
and Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.9 Master Lease Agreement dated May 1, 1998, and addendum
thereto, by and between the Registrant and Comdisco, Inc.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.10 Standard Industrial/Multitenant Lease-Gross dated June 20,
1997 by and between the Registrant and 501 Folsom Street
Building. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.11 Letter Agreement dated October 1, 1998 by and between the
Registrant and Douglas Hickey. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.12 Promissory Note and Security Agreement dated November 2,
1998 by and between the Registrant and Douglas Hickey.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.13 Warrant Agreement dated April 28, 1998 by and between the
Registrant and Lighthouse Capital Partners II, L.P.
(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.14 Warrant Agreement dated May 1, 1998 by and between the
Registrant and Comdisco, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.14 to the Registrant's Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.15 Master Services Agreement dated December 10, 1998 by and
between the Registrant and US West Communications Services,
Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No.
333-71499))
10.16 Email Services Agreement dated May 27, 1998 by and between
the Registrant and Network Solutions, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
10.17 Email Services Agreement dated July 6, 1998 by and between
the Registrant and Starmedia Network, Inc. (Incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-71499))
</TABLE>
<PAGE> 1
EXHIBIT 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration
Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-95933, 333-95279, and 333-87553) of Critical
Path, Inc. of our report dated March 17, 2000 relating to the consolidated
financial statements, which appears in this Annual Report on Form 10-K/A.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
San Francisco, California
March 24, 2000
