<PAGE>
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON OCTOBER 7, 1998
REGISTRATION NO. 333-56213
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
---------------
PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 2
TO
FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
---------------
ACE SECURITIES CORP.
(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)
---------------
DELAWARE 56-2088493
(STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION (I.R.S. EMPLOYER
OF INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) IDENTIFICATION NO.)
6707 FAIRVIEW ROAD, SUITE D
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28210
(704) 365-0569
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF
REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
ELIZABETH S. ELDRIDGE
ACE SECURITIES CORP.
6707 FAIRVIEW ROAD, SUITE D
CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA 28210
(704) 365-0569
(NAME, ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE,
OF AGENT FOR SERVICE)
---------------
COPY TO:
JORDAN M. SCHWARTZ, ESQ.
CADWALADER, WICKERSHAM & TAFT
100 MAIDEN LANE NEW
YORK, NEW YORK 10038
---------------
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC:
From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
---------------
If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered
pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the
following box. [_]
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on
a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of
1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or
interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. [X]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering
pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier
effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c)
under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434,
please check the following box. [_]
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF PROPOSED MAXIMUM PROPOSED MAXIMUM
SECURITIES TO BE AMOUNT BEING OFFERING AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF
REGISTERED REGISTERED PRICE PER UNIT(1) OFFERING PRICE(1) REGISTRATION FEE
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Asset Backed
Certificates (the
"CERTIFICATES") and
Asset Backed Notes
(the "NOTES" and,
together with the
Certificates, the
"SECURITIES"), issued
in Series............ $1,500,000,000 100% $1,500,000,000 $442,500(2)
</TABLE>
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(1) Estimated solely for the purposes of calculating the registration fee on
the basis of the proposed maximum aggregate offering price.
(2) $147,500 previously paid.
---------------
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT
SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THE REGISTRATION
STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 8(A) OF
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL BECOME
EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID SECTION
8(A), MAY DETERMINE.
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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<PAGE>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A +
+REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE +
+SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY +
+OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT +
+BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER +
+TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF +
+THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD +
+BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS +
+OF ANY SUCH STATE. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED OCTOBER 7, 1998
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus dated , 199 )
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACE SECURITIES CORP.,
DEPOSITOR
[ ] TRUST 199
ISSUER
$
ASSET BACKED CERTIFICATES, SERIES 199 -
[ ],
ASSET SELLER AND SERVICER
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Series 199 - Asset Backed Certificates (the "CERTIFICATES") will
include the following four senior classes: Class A-1 Certificates, Class A-2
Certificates, Class A-3 Certificates and Class A-4 Certificates (each, a
"CLASS" and collectively, the "Class A Certificates"). In addition to the
Class A Certificates, the Series 199 - Asset Backed Certificates will
include the Class R Certificates (the "RESIDUAL CERTIFICATES"). Only the
Class A Certificates are offered hereby.
The Depositor has caused (the "CERTIFICATE INSURER") to issue a
certificate guaranty insurance policy (the "CERTIFICATE INSURANCE POLICY")
for the benefit of the Class A Certificateholders pursuant to which it will
guarantee certain payments to the Class A Certificateholders as described
herein.
The Certificates will each evidence a beneficial ownership interest in a
trust fund (the "TRUST FUND") consisting primarily of (i) certain
conventional, fixed-rate, one- to four-family, first lien and second lien
mortgage loans, with terms to maturity of approximately 30 years (the
"INITIAL MORTGAGE LOANS"), to be deposited by ACE Securities Corp. (the
"DEPOSITOR") into the Trust Fund for the benefit of the Certificateholders,
(ii) amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account and the Capitalized
Interest Account and (iii) the Certificate Insurance Policy described herein.
Certain characteristics of the Mortgage Loans are described herein under
"Description of the Mortgage Loans."
(Cover continued on next page)
Capitalized terms used in this Prospectus Supplement and not otherwise
defined herein have the meanings assigned in the Prospectus. See the "Index
of Defined Terms" beginning on page S- herein and the "Index of Defined
Terms" in the Prospectus.
PROCEEDS OF THE ASSETS IN THE TRUST FUND AND PROCEEDS FROM THE CERTIFICATE
INSURANCE POLICY ARE THE SOLE SOURCE OF PAYMENTS ON THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES.
THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES DO NOT REPRESENT AN INTEREST IN OR OBLIGATION OF THE
DEPOSITOR, THE CERTIFICATE INSURER, THE SERVICER, THE TRUSTEE OR ANY OF THEIR
AFFILIATES. NEITHER THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES NOR THE UNDERLYING MORTGAGE
LOANS ARE INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR INSTRUMENTALITY
OR BY THE DEPOSITOR, THE SERVICER OR ANY OF THEIR AFFILIATES.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT OR THE PROSPECTUS. ANY
REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS DESIGNATION OF THE SECURITY PASS-THROUGH
ASSET BACKED CERTIFICATES BALANCE(1) RATE
<S> <C> <C>
Class A-1 $ %
Class A-2 $ %
Class A-3 $ %
Class A-4 $ %
</TABLE>
(1) Approximate. The initial Security Balances are subject to adjustment as
described herein.
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS IN THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES SHOULD CONSIDER THE
MATERIAL RISKS DISCUSSED UNDER "RISK FACTORS" IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
BEGINNING ON PAGE S-[ ] AND IN THE PROSPECTUS BEGINNING ON PAGE [ ].
The Class A Certificates are being offered by Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
and [Other Underwriter] (the "UNDERWRITERS") from time to time in negotiated
transactions or otherwise at varying prices to be determined at the time of
sale. Proceeds to the Depositor are expected to be $ plus accrued
interest from , 199 to, but not including, , 199 , before
deducting issuance expenses payable by the Depositor estimated to be $ .
The Class A Certificates purchased by each Underwriter are offered by such
Underwriter subject to prior sale, when, as and if delivered to and accepted
by such Underwriter and subject to certain other conditions. The Underwriters
reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify such offer and to reject any
order in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of the Class A
Certificates will be made only in book-entry form through the facilities of
The Depository Trust Company, on or about , 199 against payment
therefor in immediately available funds.
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES [OTHER UNDERWRITER]
, 199
<PAGE>
(Cover continued from previous page)
It is a condition of the issuance of the Class A Certificates that they be
rated " " by and " " by .
The Class A Certificates initially will be represented by certificates
registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of The Depository Trust
Company ("DTC"), as further described herein, which will be the "holders" or
"CERTIFICATEHOLDERS" of such Certificates, as such terms are used herein. The
interests of beneficial owners of the Class A Certificates will be represented
by book entries on the records of DTC and the participating members of DTC.
Definitive certificates will be available for the Class A Certificates only
under limited circumstances. See "Description of the Certificates -- General"
herein and "Risk Factors -- Owners of Book-Entry Securities Not Entitled to
Exercise Rights of Holders of Securities" and "Description of the
Securities -- Book-Entry Registration and Definitive Securities" in the
Prospectus.
As described herein, a "real estate mortgage investment conduit" ("REMIC")
election will be made in connection with the Trust Fund for federal income tax
purposes. Each Class of Class A Certificates will represent ownership of
"regular interests" in the REMIC and the Class R Certificates will constitute
the sole class of "residual interests" in the REMIC. See "Federal Income Tax
Consequences" herein and in the Prospectus.
Distributions on the Class A Certificates will be made on the [25th] day of
each month or, if such day is not a business day, then on the next business
day, commencing in , 199 (each, a "DISTRIBUTION DATE"). As described
herein, interest payable with respect to each Distribution Date on each Class
of Class A Certificates will accrue on the basis of a 360-day year consisting
of twelve 30-day months and will be based on the Security Balance thereof and
the then-applicable Pass-Through Rate thereof. Distributions in respect of
principal of the Class A Certificates will be made as described herein under
"Description of the Certificates -- Class A Principal Distribution Amount."
THE YIELD TO MATURITY ON THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES WILL BE SENSITIVE IN
VARYING DEGREES TO THE RATE AND TIMING OF PRINCIPAL PAYMENTS (INCLUDING
PREPAYMENTS) ON THE MORTGAGE LOANS. INVESTORS IN THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES
SHOULD CONSIDER THE ASSOCIATED RISKS, INCLUDING, IN THE CASE OF CLASS A
CERTIFICATES PURCHASED AT A DISCOUNT, THE RISK THAT A SLOWER THAN ANTICIPATED
RATE OF PAYMENTS IN RESPECT OF PRINCIPAL (INCLUDING PREPAYMENTS) ON THE
MORTGAGE LOANS COULD RESULT IN AN ACTUAL YIELD THAT IS LOWER THAN ANTICIPATED.
A FASTER THAN ANTICIPATED RATE OF PAYMENTS IN RESPECT OF PRINCIPAL (INCLUDING
PREPAYMENTS) ON THE MORTGAGE LOANS COULD RESULT IN AN ACTUAL YIELD THAT IS
LOWER THAN ANTICIPATED FOR INVESTORS PURCHASING CLASS A CERTIFICATES AT A
PREMIUM. INVESTORS PURCHASING CLASS A CERTIFICATES AT A PREMIUM SHOULD ALSO
CONSIDER THE RISK THAT A RAPID RATE OF PAYMENTS IN RESPECT OF PRINCIPAL
(INCLUDING PREPAYMENTS) ON THE MORTGAGE LOANS COULD RESULT IN THE FAILURE OF
SUCH INVESTORS TO FULLY RECOVER THEIR INITIAL INVESTMENTS.
The Mortgage Loans generally may be prepaid in full or in part at any time;
however, a prepayment may subject the related Mortgagor to a prepayment charge
with respect to the majority of the Mortgage Loans. See "Summary -- Special
Prepayment Considerations" and "-- Special Yield Considerations" herein,
"Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations" herein and "Yield
Considerations" in the Prospectus.
On or about , 19 (the "CLOSING DATE"), approximately $ (the "PRE-
FUNDED AMOUNT") will be deposited in the name of (the "TRUSTEE") in an account
(the "PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT"). The Pooling and Servicing Agreement provides that
additional mortgage loans (the "SUBSEQUENT MORTGAGE LOANS," and together with
the Initial Mortgage Loans, the "MORTGAGE LOANS") may be deposited in the
Trust Fund by the Depositor from time to time between the Closing Date and
, 199 (the "PRE-FUNDING PERIOD") upon being acquired with funds on deposit
in the Pre-Funding Account in the manner and to the extent described herein.
S-2
<PAGE>
On the Closing Date an amount will be deposited in the name of the Trustee
in the Capitalized Interest Account. The Capitalized Interest Account will be
applied by the Trustee to cover shortfalls in interest accrued on the Class A
Certificates during the Pre-Funding Period attributable to the pre-funding
feature.
To the extent statements contained herein do not relate to historical or
current information, this Prospectus Supplement may be deemed to consist of
forward looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that may
adversely affect the distributions to be made on, or the yield of, the Class A
Certificates, which risks and uncertainties are discussed under "Risk Factors"
and "Prepayment and Yield Considerations" herein. As a consequence, no
assurance can be given as to the actual distributions on, or the yield of, any
Class of Class A Certificates.
There is currently no secondary market for the Class A Certificates. The
Underwriters intend to make a secondary market in the Class A Certificates,
but are not obligated to do so. There can be no assurance that a secondary
market for the Class A Certificates will develop or, if it does develop, that
it will continue. The Class A Certificates will not be listed on any
securities exchange. Accordingly, the liquidity of the Class A Certificates
may be limited.
THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES OFFERED BY THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT CONSTITUTE
PART OF A SEPARATE SERIES OF CERTIFICATES ISSUED BY THE DEPOSITOR AND ARE
BEING OFFERED PURSUANT TO THE PROSPECTUS DATED , 199 , OF WHICH THIS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT IS A PART AND WHICH ACCOMPANIES THIS PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT. THE PROSPECTUS CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING THIS
OFFERING WHICH IS NOT CONTAINED HEREIN, AND PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE URGED TO
READ THE PROSPECTUS AND THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT IN FULL. SALES OF THE CLASS
A CERTIFICATES MAY NOT BE CONSUMMATED UNLESS THE PURCHASER HAS RECEIVED BOTH
THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS.
CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN THIS OFFERING MAY ENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS
THAT MAINTAIN OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE PRICE OF THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES,
INCLUDING SHORT-COVERING TRANSACTIONS IN SUCH CERTIFICATES, AND THE IMPOSITION
OF PENALTY BIDS. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES, SEE "METHOD OF
DISTRIBUTION."
UNTIL NINETY DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, ALL DEALERS
EFFECTING TRANSACTIONS IN THE CLASS A CERTIFICATES, WHETHER OR NOT
PARTICIPATING IN THIS DISTRIBUTION, MAY BE REQUIRED TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS TO WHICH IT RELATES. THIS DELIVERY REQUIREMENT
IS IN ADDITION TO THE OBLIGATION OF DEALERS TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
AND PROSPECTUS WHEN ACTING AS UNDERWRITERS AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR UNSOLD
ALLOTMENTS OR SUBSCRIPTIONS.
S-3
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
SUMMARY................................................................... S-5
RISK FACTORS.............................................................. S-15
Sub-prime Loans May be More Likely to Default........................... S-15
Risk of Delinquencies and Potential Delinquencies....................... S-15
Increased Risk of Loss on Foreclosure of Second Liens................... S-15
Characteristics of Trust Fund May Change With Addition of Subsequent
Mortgage Loans......................................................... S-16
Failure to Comply With Consumer Protection Laws May Adversely Affect
Certificates........................................................... S-16
Book-Entry Certificates May Experience Decreased Liquidity and Payment
Delay.................................................................. S-17
DESCRIPTION OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS......................................... S-18
General................................................................. S-18
Mortgage Rates.......................................................... S-19
Mortgage Loan Characteristics........................................... S-19
Subsequent Mortgage Loans............................................... S-23
The Asset Seller........................................................ S-24
Underwriting............................................................ S-24
Additional Information.................................................. S-25
DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES........................................... S-26
General................................................................. S-26
Pre-Funding Account..................................................... S-26
Capitalized Interest Account............................................ S-27
Overcollateralization Provisions and Support Features................... S-27
Priority of Payment..................................................... S-29
Class A Interest Distribution Amount.................................... S-30
Class A Principal Distribution Amount................................... S-31
Advances................................................................ S-32
Certificate Insurance Policy............................................ S-32
Allocation of Losses.................................................... S-34
CERTIFICATE INSURER....................................................... S-35
CERTAIN YIELD AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS............................... S-36
THE SERVICER.............................................................. S-40
General................................................................. S-40
Delinquency and Loss Experience of the Servicer......................... S-40
POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT........................................... S-42
General................................................................. S-42
Servicing and Other Compensation and Payment of Expenses................ S-42
The Trustee............................................................. S-42
Termination............................................................. S-42
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES........................................... S-44
LEGAL INVESTMENT.......................................................... S-45
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... S-45
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION.................................................... S-47
SECONDARY MARKET.......................................................... S-47
LEGAL OPINIONS............................................................ S-48
RATINGS................................................................... S-48
EXPERTS................................................................... S-49
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS.................................................... S-50
</TABLE>
S-4
<PAGE>
SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
detailed information appearing elsewhere herein and in the Prospectus.
Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings assigned in the Prospectus. Reference is made to the "Index of Defined
Terms" beginning on page herein and the "Index of Defined Terms" in the
Prospectus.
Title of Certificates....... Asset Backed Certificates, Series 199 -- (the
"CERTIFICATES").
Issuer...................... [ ] Trust 199 - .
Depositor................... ACE Securities Corp. (the "DEPOSITOR"). See "The
Depositor" in the Prospectus.
Servicer.................... (the "SERVICER "). Among other things, the
Servicer is obligated under certain circumstances
to advance delinquent payments of principal and
interest with respect to the Mortgage Loans. The
Servicer will be entitled to (i) a monthly
servicing fee (the "SERVICING FEE") with respect
to each Mortgage Loan it services payable on each
Distribution Date that is expressed as one-
twelfth of [a fixed percentage per annum]
multiplied by the scheduled principal balance of
such Mortgage Loan on the first day of the
related Due Period and (ii) other additional
servicing compensation described herein. See "The
Servicer" herein.
Asset Seller................
(the "ASSET SELLER "). See "Description of
the Mortgage Loans--The Asset Seller" herein.
Trustee..................... , a [national banking association] (the
"TRUSTEE").
Cut-off Date................ , 199 .
Closing Date................ On or about .
Forms of Class A
Certificates;
Denominations...............
Each Class of Class A Certificates will be issued
in book-entry form. Each Class of Class A
Certificates will be issued in a minimum
denomination of $ and integral multiples of
$ in excess thereof.
The Class A Certificates will be issued in book-
entry form through the facilities of The
Depository Trust Company ("DTC ") and are
referred to collectively herein as the "Book-
Entry Certificates." Each Class of Book-Entry
Certificates will be represented by one or more
certificates registered in the name of Cede &
Co., as nominee of DTC. No person acquiring an
interest in the Book-Entry Certificates (a
"BENEFICIAL OWNER ") will be entitled to receive
a Class A Certificate in fully registered,
certificated form (a "DEFINITIVE CERTIFICATE"),
except under the limited circumstances described
under Description of the
S-5
<PAGE>
Certificates--Book-Entry Registration and
Definitive Securities" in the Prospectus. The
interests of Beneficial Owners of the Book-Entry
Certificates will be represented by book entries
on the records of DTC and its anticipating
organizations. All references herein to holders
and Certificateholders reflect the rights of
Beneficial Owners only as such rights may be
exercised through DTC and its participating
organizations, for so long as such Certificates
remain Book-Entry Certificates. See "Risk
Factors--Book-Entry Certificates May Experience
Decreased Liquidity and Payment Delay" and
"Description of the Certificates--General" herein
and "Description of the Securities--Book Entry
Registration and Definitive Securities" in the
Prospectus.
The Trust Property..........
The Certificates represent interests in a trust
fund (the "TRUST FUND ", initially consisting
primarily of (i) a pool of conventional, fixed-
rate mortgage loans originated by or purchased by
the Asset Seller as described herein (each, an
"INITIAL MORTGAGE LOAN") and evidenced by
promissory notes or other evidence of
indebtedness (each, a "MORTGAGE NOTE") secured by
mortgages, deeds of trust or other instruments
(each, a "MORTGAGE") creating a first or second
lien on one- to four-family dwellings (each a
"MORTGAGED PROPERTY "), with an aggregate
principal balance of approximately $ as of the
Cut-off Date, after giving effect to payments
received prior to the Cut-off Date, (ii) all
monies received with respect to the Mortgage
Loans on and after the Cut-off Date (other than
amounts received on and after the Cut-off Date in
respect of interest occurred on the Mortgage
Loans prior to the Cut-off Date), (iii) an
irrevocable certificate guaranty insurance policy
(the "CERTIFICATE INSURANCE POLICY ") to be
issued on or before the Closing Date by (the
"CERTIFICATE INSURER ") in favor of the Trustee
for the benefit of the Class A Certificateholders
and (iv) amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding
Account and the Capitalized Interest Account and
certain other property. The Initial Mortgage
Loans will be deposited into the Trust Fund on
the Closing Date. The actual Mortgage Loans may
vary from the description below due to number of
factors, including prepayments, substitutions or
the purchase of Subsequent Mortgage Loans. In the
event that any of the characteristics as of the
Cut-off Date of the Initial Mortgage Loans that
constitute the Trust Fund on the date of initial
issuance of the Certificates vary materially from
those described herein, revised information
regarding the Initial Mortgage Loans will be made
available to purchasers of the Class A
Certificates, on or before such issuance date,
and a Current Report on Form 8-K containing such
information
S-6
<PAGE>
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission within 15 days following such date. In
addition, a Current Report on Form 8-K will be
filed following each purchase of Subsequent
Mortgage Loans. On the Closing Date, the Pre-
Funded Amount will be deposited in the name of
the Trustee into the Pre-Funding Account. It is
intended that additional mortgage loans
originated by or purchased by the Asset Seller
(the "SUBSEQUENT MORTGAGE LOANS," and together
with the Initial Mortgage Loans, the "MORTGAGE
LOANS") will be transferred into the Trust Fund
by the Depositor from time to time during the
Pre-Funding Period upon being acquired with funds
on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account. On the
Closing Date, the sum of the aggregate principal
balance of the Initial Mortgage Loans as of the
Cut-off Date and the Pre-Funding Amount will
equal the original aggregate Security Balance of
the Class A Certificates.
The Mortgage Loans.......... The Initial Mortgage Loans had approximate
individual principal balances at origination of
at least $ but not more than $ with an
average principal balance at origination of
approximately $ . All of the Initial Mortgage
Loans have terms to maturity from the date of
origination or modification of 30 years. The
Initial Mortgage Loans have a weighted average
remaining term to stated maturity of
approximately months as of the Cut-off Date.
Approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans
(by aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off
Date) are refinanced mortgage loans. None of the
Mortgage Loans were thirty or more days
delinquent in their Monthly Payments (such
Mortgage Loans, "DELINQUENT MORTGAGE LOANS") as
of the Cut-off Date. Prospective investors in the
Class A Certificates should be aware, however,
that only approximately % of the Initial
Mortgage Loans (by aggregate principal balance as
of the Cut-off Date) had a first payment due on
or before , and therefore, the remaining
Initial Mortgage Loans could not have been
Delinquent Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date.
Approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans
(by aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off
Date) will be secured by second liens on the
related Mortgaged Property.
The mortgage interest rate specified in the
related Mortgage Note (the "MORTGAGE RATE") on
each Initial Mortgage Loan is fixed. As of the
Cut-off Date, the Initial Mortgage Loans will
bear interest at Mortgage Rates of at least %
per annum but no more than % per annum,
S-7
<PAGE>
with a weighted average Mortgage Rate of
approximately % per annum as of the Cut-off
Date.
The Initial Mortgage Loans were underwritten, and
the Subsequent Mortgage Loans will be
underwritten, in accordance with the underwriting
standards described in "DESCRIPTION OF THE
MORTGAGE LOANS--UNDERWRITING STANDARDS" in this
Prospectus Supplement. See also "Risk Factors--
Sub-prime Loans May be More Likely to Default" in
this Prospectus Supplement. For a further
description of the Mortgage Loans, see
"DESCRIPTION OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS" herein.
Pre-Funding Account.........
On the Closing Date, approximately $ (the "PRE-
FUNDED AMOUNT") will be deposited into an account
maintained with the Trustee (the "PRE-FUNDING
ACCOUNT"). During the period (the "PRE-FUNDING
PERIOD") from and including the Closing Date
until the earliest of (i) the date on which the
amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account is
less than $ or (ii) the close of business on
, 199 , the Pre-Funded Amount will be
maintained in the Pre-Funding Account. The Pre-
Funded Amount will be reduced by the amount
thereof used to purchase Subsequent Mortgage
Loans in accordance with the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. The Depositor expects that
the Pre-Funded Amount will be reduced to less
than $ by , 199 . Except as set forth in
the following sentence, the Pre-Funded Amount
will be used only to purchase Subsequent Mortgage
Loans. Any Pre-Funded Amount remaining at the end
of the Pre-Funding Period will be payable to the
Class A Certificateholders in accordance with the
priorities set forth herein under "Description of
the Certificates--Class A Principal Distribution
Amount".
Capitalized Interest On the Closing Date an amount will be deposited
Account..................... into an account maintained with the Trustee (the
"CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT"). The Capitalized
Interest Account will be applied by the Trustee
to cover shortfalls in interest accrued during
the Pre-Funding Period on the Class A
Certificates attributable to the pre-funding
feature. Any amounts remaining in the Capitalized
Interest Account and not used for such purpose
following the Pre-Funding Period are required to
be paid directly to the Class R
Certificateholders.
The Class A Certificates.... The Class A Certificates will each evidence a
beneficial ownership interest in the Trust Fund
and will be issued pursuant to a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement, to be dated as of the Cut-
off Date, among the Depositor, the Servicer and
the Trustee (the "POOLING AND SERVICING
AGREEMENT"). Each Class of Class A Certificates
will have the approximate Security Balance as of
the Closing Date set forth on the cover of this
Prospectus Supplement. Any
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difference between the aggregate Security
Balances of the Class A Certificates as of the
Closing Date and the approximate initial
aggregate Security Balance of such Classes as of
the date of this Prospectus Supplement will not
exceed 5% of the initial aggregate Security
Balance of the Class A Certificates as stated on
the cover of this Prospectus Supplement. Any
difference allocated to the Class A Certificates
will be allocated to one or more of the Classes
of Class A Certificates.
Interest Distributions...... On each Distribution Date, the holders of the
Class A Certificates will be entitled to receive,
to the extent of amounts available for
distribution as described herein, interest
distributions in an amount equal to the sum of
(i) interest accrued during the calendar month
immediately preceding the month in which such
Distribution Date occurs (the "INTEREST ACCRUAL
PERIOD") on the Security Balance thereof
immediately prior to such Distribution Date at
the applicable Pass-Through Rate (based on a 360-
day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) and
(ii) the Class A Carry-Forward Amount, if any.
The aggregate amount of interest allocable to the
Class A Certificates (the "Class A Interest
Distribution Amount") will be allocable to the
related Class A Certificates on a pro rata basis.
See "Description of the Certificates--Priority of
Payment" and "--Class A Interest Distribution
Amount" herein.
The "PASS-THROUGH RATE" for each Class of Class A
Certificates is set forth on the cover of this
Prospectus Supplement.
Principal Distribution...... Holders of the Class A Certificates will be
entitled to receive on each Distribution Date, to
the extent of amounts available for distribution
as described herein remaining after interest on
the Class A Certificates is distributed, an mount
(the "CLASS A PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT")
equal to the sum of (i) the portion of the Class
A Carry-Forward Amount, as applicable, which
relates to a shortfall in a distribution of a
related Subordination Deficit, (ii) all scheduled
installments of principal in respect of the
Mortgage Loans received or advanced during the
related Due Period, together with all unscheduled
recoveries of principal on such Mortgage Loans
received by the Servicer during the prior
calendar month, (iii) the Principal Balance of
each Mortgage Loan that was repurchased by the
Asset Seller, (iv) any amounts received in
connection with a substitution of a Mortgage
Loan, (v) the net Liquidation Proceeds collected
by the Servicer on liquidated Mortgage Loans
during the prior calendar month (to the extent
such net Liquidation
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Proceeds are related to principal), (vi) the
amount of any related Subordination Deficit for
such Distribution Date, (vii) the proceeds
received by the Trustee of any termination of the
Trust Fund (to the extent such proceeds are
related to principal), (viii) the amount of any
related Subordination Increase Amount for such
Distribution Date and (ix) with respect to the
Distribution Date occurring in , 199 , any
amounts in the Pre-Funding Account after giving
effect to any purchase of Subsequent Mortgage
Loans; minus (x) the amount of any related
Subordination Reduction Amount for such
Distribution Date.
In no event will any Class A Principal
Distribution Amount with respect to any
Distribution Date be less than zero or greater
than the Security Balances of the Class A
Certificates.
See "Description of the Certificates--Priority of
Payment" and "--Class A Principal Distribution
Amount" herein.
Credit Enhancement.......... The credit enhancement provided for the benefit
of the Class A Certificateholders consists solely
of (a) the overcollateralization mechanics that
use the internal cash flows of the Mortgage Loans
and (b) the Certificate Insurance Policy.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION. The subordination
provisions of the Trust Fund result in a limited
acceleration of the Class A Certificates relative
to the amortization of the Mortgage Loans,
generally in the early months of the transaction.
The accelerated amortization is achieved by the
application of certain excess interest to the
payment of the Security Balances of the Class A
Certificates. This acceleration feature creates
overcollateralization which equals the excess of
the aggregate principal balances of the Mortgage
Loans and the Pre-Funded Amount over the
aggregate Security Balance of the Class A
Certificates. Once the required level of the
acceleration feature will cease, unless
overcollateralization is reached, and subject to
the provisions described in the next paragraph,
the acceleration feature will cease, unless
necessary to maintain the required level of
collateralization.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement provides
that, subject to certain trigger tests, the
required level of overcollateralization with
respect to the Mortgage Loans may increase or
decrease over time. An increase would result in a
temporary period of accelerated amortization of
the Class A Certificates to increase the actual
level of overcollateralization to its required
level; a decrease would result in a temporary
period of decelerated
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<PAGE>
amortization to reduce the actual level of
overcollateralization to its required level. See
"Description of the Certificates--
Overcollateralization Provisions and Support
Features" herein.
THE CERTIFICATE INSURANCE POLICY. The Class A
Certificateholders will have the benefit of the
Certificate Insurance Policy, as discussed more
fully below. See "Description of the
Certificates--Certificate Insurance Policy"
herein.
Certificate Insurer......... (the "CERTIFICATE INSURER"). See " " herein.
Certificate Insurance The Certificate Insurer will issue the
Policy...................... Certificate Insurance Policy as a means of
providing additional credit enhancement to the
Class A Certificates.
Under the Certificate Insurance Policy, the
Certificate Insurer will pay the Trustee, for the
benefit of the holders of the Class A
Certificates, as further described herein, an
amount that will insure the payment of (i) on
each Distribution Date, an amount equal to (a)
the Class A Interest Distribution Amount and (b)
the Subordination Deficit and (ii) any unpaid
Preference Amount. A payment by the Certificate
Insurer under the Certificate Insurance Policy is
referred to herein as an "Insured Payment." See
"Description of the Certificates--The Certificate
Insurance Policy" herein.
Advances.................... The Servicer is required to make advances
("ADVANCES") in respect of delinquent payments of
principal and interest on the Mortgage Loans,
subject to the limitations described herein. See
"Description of the Certificates--Advances"
herein and "Description of the Securities--
Advances in Respect of Delinquencies" in the
Prospectus.
Optional Termination........ The Servicer, at its option, on any Distribution
Date when the aggregate Principal Balance of the
Mortgage Loans is less than % of the sum of the
aggregate principal balance of the Initial
Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date and the
aggregate principal balance of the Subsequent
Mortgage Loans as of the first day of the month
such Subsequent Mortgage Loans are added to the
Trust Fund (the "SUBSEQUENT CUT-OFF DATE"), may
purchase from the Trust Fund all remaining
Mortgage Loans and other assets thereof at the
price described herein, and thereby effect early
retirement of the related Certificates. No such
termination is permitted without the prior
written consent of the Certificate Insurer if it
would result in a draw on the Certificate
Insurance Policy. See "Pooling and Servicing
Agreement--Termination" herein
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<PAGE>
and "Description of the Securities--Termination"
in the Prospectus.
Special Prepayment
Considerations..............
The rate and timing of principal payments on the
Class A Certificates will depend, among other
things on the rate and timing of principal
payments (including prepayments, defaults,
liquidations and purchases of the Mortgage Loans
due to a breach of a representation or warranty)
on the Mortgage Loans. As is the case with
mortgage-backed certificates generally, the Class
A Certificates are subject to substantial
inherent cash-flow uncertainties because the
Mortgage Loans may be prepaid at any time.
Generally, when prevailing interest rates
increase, prepayment rates on mortgage loans tend
to decrease, resulting in a slower return of
principal to investors at a time when
reinvestment at such higher prevailing rates
would be desirable. Conversely, when prevailing
interest rates decline, prepayment rates on
mortgage loans tend to increase, resulting in a
faster return of principal to investors at a time
when reinvestment at comparable yields may not be
possible.
The Class A Certificates are subject to various
priorities for payment of principal as described
herein. Distributions of principal on such
Classes having an earlier priority of payment
will be affected by the rates of prepayments of
the Mortgage Loans earlier than such Classes
having a later priority of payment. The timing of
commencement of principal distributions and the
weighted average lives of the Class A
Certificates with a later priority of payment
will be affected by the rates of prepayments
experienced both before and after the
commencement of principal distributions on such
Classes.
See "Description of the Certificates--Class A
Principal Distribution Amount" and "Certain Yield
and Prepayment Considerations" herein, and "Yield
Considerations" in the Prospectus.
Special Yield
Considerations.............. The yield to maturity of the Class A Certificates
will depend on, among other things, the rate and
timing of principal payments (including
repayments, defaults, liquidations and purchases
of the Mortgage Loans due to a breach of a
representation or warranty) on the Mortgage Loans
and the allocation thereof to reduce the Security
Balances thereof. The yield to maturity on the
Class A Certificates will also depend on the
Pass-Through Rate and the purchase price for such
Certificates. If the Class A Certificates are
purchased at a premium and principal
distributions thereon occur at a rate faster than
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<PAGE>
anticipated at the time of purchase, the
investor's actual yield to maturity will be lower
than that assumed at the time of purchase.
Conversely, if the Class A Certificates are
purchased at a discount and principal
distributions thereon occur at a rate slower than
that assumed at the time of purchase, the
investor's actual yield to maturity will be lower
than that assumed at the time of purchase.
See "Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations"
herein and "Yield Considerations" in the
Prospectus.
Federal Income Tax
Consequences................
A real estate mortgage investment conduit
("REMIC") election will be made with respect to
the Trust Fund for federal income tax purposes.
Assuming compliance with all provisions of the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, for federal
income tax purposes, the Trust Fund will qualify
as a REMIC under Sections 860A through 86OG of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the "CODE").
For federal income tax purposes, the Class R
Certificates will be the sole class of "residual
interests" in the REMIC and each Class of Class A
Certificates will represent "regular interests"
in the REMIC and will generally be treated as
representing ownership of debt instruments of the
REMIC. Holders of Class A Certificates will be
required to report interest income thereon on the
accrual method of accounting, which may require
them to report taxable income before actually
receiving a cash distribution.
For federal income tax reporting purposes, the
Class A Certificates will [not] be treated as
having been issued with original issue discount.
The prepayment assumption that will be used in
determining the rate of accrual of original issue
discount, market discount and premium, if any,
with respect to the Class A Certificates for
federal income tax purposes will be a rate equal
to % SPA. No representation is made that the
Mortgage Loans will prepay at these rates or at
any other rates. See "Certain Yield and
Prepayment Considerations" herein.
For further information regarding the federal
income tax consequences of investing in the Class
A Certificates, see "Federal Income Tax
Consequences" herein and in the Prospectus.
ERISA Considerations........ The United States Department of Labor has issued
an individual exemption, Deutsche Bank Securities
Inc. that generally exempts from certain of the
prohibited transaction provisions of the Employee
Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as
amended ("ERISA"), and the excise taxes imposed
on such prohibited transactions by Section 4975
of the Code, transactions relating to the
purchase, sale and holding by Plans (as defined
herein) of pass-through certificates underwritten
by Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., such as the
Class A Certificates,
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<PAGE>
provided that certain conditions are satisfied. A
fiduciary of a Plan should make its own
determination as to whether the Exemption or any
other prohibited transaction exemption will be
applicable to an investment in the Class A
Certificates. See "ERISA Considerations" herein
and in the Prospectus.
Legal Investment............ [The Class A Certificates will constitute
"mortgage related securities" for purposes of the
Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of
1984, as amended ("SMMEA"), so long as they are
rated in one of the two highest rating categories
by at least one nationally recognized statistical
rating organization. As such, the Class A
Certificates will be legal investments for
certain entities to the extent provided in
SMMEA.]
[The Class A Certificates will not constitute
"mortgage related securities" for purposes of the
Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of
1984, as amended.] Institutions whose investment
activities are subject to legal investment laws
and regulations, regulatory capital requirements
or review by regulatory authorities may be
subject to restrictions on investment in the
Class A Certificates and should consult with
their legal advisors. See "Legal Investment"
herein and in the Prospectus.
Ratings..................... It is a condition to the issuance of the Class A
Certificates that they be rated " " by and
" " by . A rating is not a recommendation
to buy, sell or hold the Class A Certificates and
may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any
time by the assigning rating organization. A
rating does not address the possibility that, as
a result of principal prepayments, holders of
such Certificates may receive a lower than
anticipate yield. See "Certain Yield and
Prepayment Considerations" and "Ratings" herein
and "Yield Considerations" and "Rating" in the
Prospectus.
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<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
Prospective Class A Certificateholders should consider, among other things,
the factors discussed under "Risk Factors" in the Prospectus and the following
factors in connection with the purchase of the Class A Certificates.
SUB-PRIME LOANS MAY BE MORE LIKELY TO DEFAULT
The Initial Mortgage Loans were underwritten, and the Subsequent Mortgage
Loans will be underwritten, by the Asset Seller in accordance with its
underwriting standards described in "Description of the Mortgage Loans--
Underwriting" below, which are primarily intended to provide single family
mortgage loans for non-conforming credits. A "non-conforming credit" or "SUB-
PRIME LOAN" means a mortgage loan which is ineligible for purchase by Fannie
Mae or Freddie Mac due to credit characteristics that do not meet the Fannie
Mae or Freddie Mac underwriting guidelines, including mortgagors whose
creditworthiness and repayment ability do not satisfy such Fannie Mae or
Freddie Mac underwriting guidelines and mortgagors who may have a record of
credit write-offs, outstanding judgments, prior bankruptcies and other credit
items that do not satisfy such Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac underwriting
guidelines. ACCORDINGLY, SUB-PRIME LOANS ARE LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE RATES OF
DELINQUENCY, FORECLOSURE AND LOSS THAT ARE HIGHER, AND MAY BE SUBSTANTIALLY
HIGHER, THAN MORTGAGE LOANS ORIGINATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE FANNIE MAE OR
FREDDIE MAC UNDERWRITING GUIDELINES.
Under the Asset Seller's non-conforming credit underwriting standards, the
critical factors in underwriting a Mortgage Loan are the income and employment
history of the prospective mortgagor, the creditworthiness of the prospective
mortgagor, an assessment of the value of the related Mortgaged Property and
the adequacy of such property as collateral in relation to the amount of such
Mortgage Loan. Therefore, changes in values of the Mortgaged Properties may
have a greater effect on the delinquency, foreclosure and loss experience of
the related Mortgage Loans than on mortgage loans originated in accordance
with the Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac credit underwriting guidelines. No
assurance can be given that the values of the Mortgaged Properties have
remained or will remain at the levels in effect on the dates of origination of
the Mortgage Loans. If the values of the Mortgaged Properties decline after
the dates of origination of the Mortgage Loans, then the rates of
delinquencies, foreclosures and losses on the Mortgage Loans may increase and
such increase may be substantial.
RISK OF DELINQUENCIES AND POTENTIAL DELINQUENCIES
None of the Initial Mortgage Loans were thirty or more days delinquent in
their scheduled payments (such Mortgage Loans, "DELINQUENT MORTGAGE LOANS") as
of the Cut-off Date. Prospective investors in the Class A Certificates should
be aware, however, that only approximately % of the Mortgage Loans (by
aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date), had a first scheduled
payment due on or before 199 , and therefore, the remaining Initial Mortgage
Loans could not have been Delinquent Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date.
INCREASED RISK OF LOSS ON FORECLOSURE OF SECOND LIENS
Approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans (by aggregate outstanding
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) are secured by second liens on the
related Mortgaged Properties. Mortgage Loans secured by second mortgages will
be entitled to proceeds that remain from the sale of the related Mortgaged
Property after any related senior mortgage loans and prior statutory liens
have been satisfied and, if such were satisfied by the Servicer, after the
Servicer
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<PAGE>
has been reimbursed. In the event that such proceeds are insufficient to
satisfy such loans and prior liens in the aggregate and the Certificate
Insurer is unable to perform its obligations under the Certificate Insurance
Policy, the Class A Certificates may bear (i) the risk of delay in
distributions while a deficiency judgment against the borrower is obtained and
(ii) the risk of loss if the deficiency judgment is not realized upon. See
"Risk Factors--Junior Mortgage Loans are More Likely to Experience Losses on
Foreclosure" in the Prospectus. In addition, the rate of default of second
mortgage loans may be greater than that of mortgage loans secured by first
liens on comparable properties.
CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUST FUND MAY CHANGE WITH ADDITION OF SUBSEQUENT MORTGAGE
LOANS
Subsequent Mortgage Loans may have characteristics different from those of
the related Initial Mortgage Loans. However, each Subsequent Mortgage Loan
must satisfy the eligibility criteria referred to herein under "Description of
the Mortgage Loans--Subsequent Mortgage Loans" at the time of its conveyance
to the Trust Fund and be underwritten in accordance with the criteria set
forth herein under "Description of the Mortgage Loans--Underwriting." However,
Subsequent Mortgage Loans may be of a different credit quality and seasoning
than the Initial Mortgage Loans. Following the transfer of Subsequent Mortgage
Loans to the Trust Fund, the aggregate characteristics of the Mortgage Loans
then held in the Trust Fund may vary from those of the Initial Mortgage Loans.
To the extent that any Pre-Funded Amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding
Account has not been fully applied to the acquisition of Subsequent Mortgage
Loans by the end of the Pre-Funding Period, the holders of the Class A
Certificates will receive a prepayment of principal in an amount equal to the
Pre-Funded Amount (net of reinvestment income payable to the Class R
Certificateholders) remaining on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account.
The addition of Subsequent Mortgage Loans to the Trust Fund on any date
(each, a "SUBSEQUENT TRANSFER DATE") is subject to the receipt of confirmation
from the Rating Agencies that the addition of such Subsequent Mortgage Loans
will not result in a reduction or withdrawal of the initial rating of any of
the Class A Certificates and the approval of the Certificate Insurer. If, as a
result of the failure to receive such confirmation or approval, the Depositor
is unable to transfer Subsequent Mortgage Loans to the Trust Fund, principal
prepayments to holders of the Class A Certificates will occur following the
Pre-Funding Period.
FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT
CERTIFICATES
Applicable state laws generally regulate interest rates and other charges,
require certain disclosure, and require licensing of the [Asset Seller] [Other
Originators]. In addition, other state laws, public policy and general
principles of equity relating to the protection of consumers, unfair and
deceptive practices and debt collection practices may apply to the
origination, servicing and collection of the Mortgage Loans. The [Asset
Seller] will be required to repurchase any Mortgage Loans which, at the time
of origination, fail to comply with applicable federal and state laws and
regulations, which failure results in a material adverse effect on the Trust
Fund, the Certificate Insurer or the parties to the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement. Depending on the provisions of the applicable law and the specific
facts and circumstances involved, violations of these laws, policies and
principles may limit the ability of the Servicer to collect all or part of the
principal of or interest on the Mortgage Loans, may entitle the Mortgagor to a
refund of amounts previously paid and, in addition, could subject the
Depositor, the Servicer, the Asset Seller or the Other Originators to damages
and administrative enforcement. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans"
in the Prospectus.
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<PAGE>
The Mortgage Loans are also subject to federal laws, including:
(i) the Federal Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated
thereunder, which require certain disclosures to the Mortgagors regarding
the terms of the Mortgage Loans;
(ii) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B promulgated
thereunder, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of age, race, color,
sex, religion, marital status, national origin, receipt of public
assistance or the exercise of any right under the Consumer Credit
Protection Act, in the extension of credit; and
(iii) the Fair Credit Reporting Act, which regulates the use and
reporting of information related to the Mortgagor's credit experience.
Violations of certain provisions of these federal laws may limit the ability
of the Servicer to collect all or part of the principal of or interest on the
Mortgage Loans and in addition could subject the Asset Seller, the Other
Originators, the Depositor or the Servicer to damages and administrative
enforcement. The [Asset Seller] will be required to repurchase any Mortgage
Loans which, at the time of origination, did not comply with such federal laws
or regulations. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans" in the
Prospectus.
It is possible that some of the Mortgage Loans will be subject to the Riegle
Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 (the "RIEGLE
ACT") which incorporates the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act of 1994.
The Riegle Act adds certain additional provisions to Regulation Z, the
implementing regulation of the Truth-In-Lending Act. These provisions impose
additional disclosure and other requirements on creditors with respect to non-
purchase money mortgage loans with high interest rates or high upfront fees
and charges. In general, mortgage loans within the purview of the Riegle Act
have annual percentage rates over 10% greater than the yield on Treasury
Securities of comparable maturity and/or fees and points which exceed the
greater of 8% of the total loan amount or $400. The provisions of the Riegle
Act apply on a mandatory basis to all mortgage loans originated on or after
October 1, 1995. These provisions can impose specific statutory liabilities
upon creditors who fail to comply with their provisions and may affect the
enforceability of the related loans. In addition, any assignee of the creditor
would generally be subject to all claims and defenses that the consumer could
assert against the creditor, including, without limitation, the right to
rescind the mortgage loan.
BOOK-ENTRY CERTIFICATES MAY EXPERIENCE DECREASED LIQUIDITY AND PAYMENT DELAY
Issuance of the Class A Certificates in book-entry form may reduce the
liquidity of such Certificate in the secondary trading market since investors
may be unwilling to purchase Class A Certificates for which they cannot obtain
physical certificates.
Since transactions in the Book-Entry Certificates will be effected only
through DTC, the ability of a Beneficial Owner to pledge Book-Entry
Certificates to persons or entities that do not participate in the DTC system,
or otherwise to take actions in respect of such Certificates, may be limited
due to lack of a physical certificate representing such Certificates.
Beneficial Owners may experience some delay in their receipt of
distributions of interest and principal on the Book-Entry Certificates since
such distributions will be forwarded by the Trustee to DTC, and DTC will
credit such distributions to the accounts of its Participants which will
thereafter credit them to the accounts of Beneficial Owners either directly or
indirectly through Indirect Participants. See "Description of the Securities--
Book Entry Registration and Definitive Securities" in the Prospectus.
S-17
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF THE MORTGAGE LOANS
GENERAL
The statistical information presented in this Prospectus Supplement
describes the mortgage loans included in the Trust Fund as of the Closing Date
(the "INITIAL MORTGAGE LOANS").
The Initial Mortgage Loans underlying the Certificates had an aggregate
Principal Balance as of the Cut-off Date of $ . The Initial Mortgage Loans
will generally consist of conventional, fixed-rate, monthly payment, first
lien mortgage loans (except that approximately % of the Initial Mortgage
Loans (by aggregate Principal Balance as of the Cut-Off Date) are second lien
mortgages). All of the Initial Mortgage Loans have terms to maturity from the
date of origination or modification of 30 years. The Initial Mortgage Loans
will be originated by (the "ASSET SELLER") or acquired by the Asset
Seller from various other entities (the "OTHER ORIGINATORS"). The Initial
Mortgage Loans were underwritten substantially in accordance with the
underwriting criteria described herein under "--Underwriting" below. The
Depositor will acquire the Initial Mortgage Loans from the Asset Seller. The
Asset Seller will make certain representations and warranties with respect to
the Mortgage Loans and, as more particularly described in the Prospectus, will
have certain repurchase or substitution obligations in connection with a
breach of any such representation or warranty, as well as in connection with
an omission or defect in respect of certain constituent documents required to
be delivered with respect to the Mortgage Loans, in any event if such breach,
omission or defect cannot be cured and it materially and adversely affects the
interests of Certificateholders. See "Description of the Agreements Material--
Terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements, Trust Agreements and Underlying
Servicing Agreements--Assignment of Assets; Repurchases" and "--
Representations and Warranties; Repurchases" in the Prospectus.
Pursuant to the terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Depositor
will assign the representations and warranties made by the Asset Seller to the
Trustee for the benefit of the Certificateholders.
Each Mortgage Loan will contain a customary "due-on-sale" clause. See
"Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans-Due-on-Sale Clauses" in the
Prospectus.
Approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans (by aggregate Principal
Balance as of the Cut-Off Date) provide for payment of a prepayment charge.
Generally, each such Mortgage Loan provides for payment of a prepayment charge
for certain partial prepayments and all prepayments in full made within
approximately three or five years of the origination of such Initial Mortgage
Loan, in an amount equal to six months' advance interest on the amount of the
prepayment that, when added to all other amounts prepaid during the twelve-
month period immediately preceding the date of the prepayment, exceeds twenty
percent of the original principal amount of the Initial Mortgage Loan. The
Servicer will be entitled to all prepayment charges received on the Mortgage
Loans and such amounts will not be available for distribution on the
Certificates.
[None of the Mortgage Loans originated under a program which does not meet
the credit underwriting standards of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation ("FREDDIE MAC") or Fannie Mae (a "STANDARD NON-CONFORMING
PROGRAM") are insured by a primary mortgage insurance policy.] [Approximately
% of the Initial Mortgage Loans (by aggregate Principal Balance as of the
Cut-off Date) had Loan-to-Value Ratios at the date of origination in excess of
% but will not be covered by a primary mortgage insurance policy.]
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<PAGE>
MORTGAGE RATES
The Mortgage Rate on each Initial Mortgage Loan is fixed. The day of each
month in which Mortgage Loan payments are due (the "DUE DATE") is generally
the first day of the month for all of the Initial Mortgage Loans. Initial
Mortgage Loans, comprising approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans (by
aggregate Principal Balance as of the Cut-off Date) have a first Due Date that
is not the first day of the month. There is no Retained Interest (as defined
in the Prospectus) with respect to any of the Mortgage Loans.
MORTGAGE LOAN CHARACTERISTICS
The Initial Mortgage Loans will consist of Mortgage Loans with an aggregate
Principal Balance as of the Cut-off Date, after deducting payments of
principal due on or prior to such date, of $ . All percentages of the
Initial Mortgage Loans described herein are approximate percentages (except as
otherwise indicated) by aggregate Principal Balance as of the Cut-off Date.
Approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans were originated by and
, respectively. Approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans have
original terms to stated maturity of approximately 30 years.
Approximately % and % of the Initial Mortgage Loans are secured by first
liens and second liens, respectively.
As of the Cut-off Date, each Initial Mortgage Loan will have a Principal
Balance of not less than $ or more than $ and the average Principal
Balance of the Initial Mortgage Loans will be approximately $ . The latest
stated maturity date of any of the Initial Mortgage Loans will be ;
however, the actual date on which any Mortgage Loan is paid in full may be
earlier than the stated maturity date due to unscheduled payments of
principal. Based on information supplied by the mortgagors in connection with
their loan applications at origination, approximately % of the Initial
Mortgage Loans will be secured by Mortgaged Properties which are owner
occupied primary residences, approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans
will be secured by Mortgaged Properties which are second homes and
approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans will be secured by Mortgaged
Properties which are non-owner occupied properties. No Initial Mortgage Loan
provides for negative amortization or deferred interest.
Set forth below is a description of certain additional characteristics of
the Initial Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date (except as otherwise
indicated). Dollar amounts and percentages may not add up to totals due to
rounding.
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<PAGE>
MORTGAGE RATES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
MORTGAGE RATES MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
--- --- ---
=== === ===
REMAINING MONTHS TO STATED MATURITY
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
REMAINING MONTHS TO STATED MATURITY MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ----------------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
--- --- ---
=== === ===
</TABLE>
The weighted average remaining term to stated maturity of the Initial
Mortgage Loans will be approximately months.
YEARS OF ORIGINATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
YEARS OF ORIGINATION MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
--- --- ---
=== === ===
</TABLE>
The earliest month and year of origination of any Initial Mortgage Loan is
, 199 and the latest month and year of origination is , 199 .
S-20
<PAGE>
ORIGINAL LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ORIGINAL LOAN- PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
TO- NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
VALUE RATIOS MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- -------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
--- --- ---
=== === ===
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The Loan-to-Value Ratio of Initial Mortgage Loans secured by second liens
includes the outstanding principal balance of the related Senior Liens.
See "Description of the Trust Funds--The Mortgage Loans" in the
Prospectus.
The minimum and maximum Loan-to-Value Ratios at origination of the Initial
Mortgage Loans were approximately % and %, respectively, and the weighted
average Loan-to-Value Ratio at origination of the Initial Mortgage Loans was
approximately %.
MORTGAGE LOAN PROGRAM
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
LOAN PROGRAM MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ------------ ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Full Documentation......
Stated Income...........
Alternate
Documentation..........
Quick Documentation.....
No Income
Qualification..........
Lite Documentation......
--- --- ---
Total.................
=== === ===
</TABLE>
ORIGINAL MORTGAGE LOAN PRINCIPAL BALANCES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
ORIGINAL INITIAL MORTGAGE NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
LOAN PRINCIPAL BALANCE MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ------------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
--- --- ---
=== === ===
</TABLE>
The average original principal balance of the Initial Mortgage Loans will be
approximately $ .
S-21
<PAGE>
PROPERTY TYPE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
PROPERTY TYPE MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Single Family...........
2-4 Family..............
Condominium.............
PUD.....................
--- --- ---
Total.................
=== === ===
</TABLE>
RISK CATEGORIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
RISK CLASSIFICATION MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ------------------- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
A.......................
A--.....................
B.......................
C.......................
D.......................
--- --- ---
Total.................
=== === ===
</TABLE>
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MORTGAGED PROPERTIES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
STATE MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ----- ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
--- --- ---
=== === ===
</TABLE>
No more than approximately % of the Initial Mortgage Loans will be secured
by Mortgaged Properties located in any one zip code.
PURPOSES OF MORTGAGE LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF CUT-
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID OFF DATE AGGREGATE
LOAN PURPOSE MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ------------ ----------------- ----------------- ------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Purchase................
Refinance (Rate/Term)...
Refinance (Equity Take-
Out)...................
--- --- ---
Total.................
=== === ===
</TABLE>
In general, in the case of a Mortgage Loan made for "rate/term" refinance
purposes (not for "equity take-out"), substantially all of the proceeds are
used to pay in full the principal balance of a previous mortgage loan of the
mortgagor with respect to a Mortgaged Property
S-22
<PAGE>
and to pay origination and closing costs associated with such refinancing.
Mortgage Loans made for "equity take out" refinance purposes involve the use
of the proceeds to pay in full the principal balance of such previous mortgage
loan and related costs except that a portion of the proceeds are generally
retained by the mortgagor for uses unrelated to the Mortgaged Property. The
amount of such proceeds retained by the mortgagor may be substantial.
OCCUPANCY STATUS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF
CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID AGGREGATE
OCCUPANCY MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- --------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Investment................
Primary...................
Second Homes..............
--- --- ---
Total...................
=== === ===
</TABLE>
DELINQUENCY STATUS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PERCENTAGE OF
CUT-OFF DATE
NUMBER OF INITIAL AGGREGATE UNPAID AGGREGATE
STATUS MORTGAGE LOANS PRINCIPAL BALANCE PRINCIPAL BALANCE
- ------ ----------------- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
30-59 days................
60-89 days................
90 days or more...........
--- --- ---
Total...................
=== === ===
</TABLE>
The indicated periods of delinquency are based on the number of days past
due, based on a 30-day month. No Mortgage Loan is considered delinquent for
these purposes until one month has passed since its contractual due date.
SUBSEQUENT MORTGAGE LOANS
The obligation of the Trust Fund to purchase Subsequent Mortgage Loans on a
Subsequent Transfer Date will be subject to the aggregate Subsequent Mortgage
Loans, including the Subsequent Mortgage Loans to be conveyed to the Trust
Fund on such Subsequent Transfer Date, meeting the following criteria: (i) the
weighted average Mortgage Rate of the Subsequent Mortgage Loans will not be
less than %; (ii) no Subsequent Mortgage Loan will have a Mortgage Rate of
less than %; (iii) the weighted average remaining term of the Subsequent
Mortgage Loans will not be greater than months; and (iv) no Subsequent
Mortgage Loan will have a final scheduled payment due later than , 20 .
Such criteria will be based on the characteristics of the Subsequent Mortgage
Loans on the related Subsequent Transfer Date. In addition, no Subsequent
Mortgage Loan, as of the Subsequent Cut-off Date, will be more than 30 days
past due or have a mortgagor that has been noted in the related records of the
Servicer as being the subject of a bankruptcy proceeding.
Except for the criteria described in the preceding paragraph, there will be
no required characteristics of the Subsequent Mortgage Loans. Therefore, the
aggregate characteristics of Subsequent Mortgage Loans, including the
composition of the Subsequent Mortgage Loans, the distribution by Mortgage
Rate and the geographic distribution may vary significantly from time to time,
and will bear no particular relationship to the characteristics of the Initial
Mortgage
S-23
<PAGE>
Loans at any time. It is expected that a substantial portion of the Subsequent
Mortgage Loans will be originated in the State of .
The addition of Subsequent Mortgage Loans to the Trust Fund on any
Subsequent Transfer Date is subject to the receipt of confirmation from the
Rating Agencies that the addition of such Subsequent Mortgage Loans will not
result in a reduction or withdrawal of the initial rating of any of the Class
A Certificates and the approval of the Certificate Insurer. If, as a result of
the failure to receive such confirmation or approval, the Depositor is unable
to transfer Subsequent Mortgage Loans to the Trust Fund, principal prepayments
to holders of the Class A Certificates will occur following the Pre-Funding
Period.
THE ASSET SELLER
(in its capacity as seller of the Mortgage Loans to the Depositor, the
"Asset Seller") is a corporation. The Asset Seller's residential lending
division underwrites first and second lien mortgage loans secured by one- to
four-family residences. The Asset Seller acquires mortgage loans through a
network of branch offices and approved mortgage brokers. The Asset Seller also
acquires mortgage loans from other financial institutions in accordance with
the underwriting standards described below under "Description of the Mortgage
Loans--Underwriting." The Asset Seller began originating and acquiring
mortgage loans as of . The Asset Seller, which has its principal place of
business in , had assets as of , 199 in excess of $ .
UNDERWRITING
[All of the Initial Mortgage Loans were underwritten, and all of the
Subsequent Mortgage Loans will be underwritten, by the Asset Seller in
accordance with the "STANDARD NON-CONFORMING PROGRAM" which does not meet the
credit underwriting standards of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. The Asset Seller's
current single family mortgage loan volume is generally originated based on
loan packages submitted through a mortgage broker network. Such loan packages,
which generally contain relevant credit, property and underwriting information
on the loan request, are compiled by the applicable mortgage broker and
submitted to the Asset Seller for approval and funding. The mortgage broker
receives as compensation all or a portion of the loan origination fee charged
to the mortgagor at the time the loan is made. As part of its quality control
procedures, the Asset Seller accepts loan packages submitted by pre-approved
mortgage brokers. In connection with the approval process, it requires that
the mortgage broker be licensed by the appropriate state agencies, as
required, and review a package of documents consisting of, among other things,
an application, resumes of key personnel, narrative of the company,
organizational documentation and financial statements. At least annually, the
Asset Seller reviews the performance of each of its mortgage brokers for poor
processing, misrepresentation, fraud or delinquency, and substandard mortgage
brokers are terminated.
Each prospective mortgagor completes a mortgage loan application that
includes information with respect to the applicant's liabilities, income,
credit history, employment history and personal information. At least two
credit reports on each applicant from national credit reporting companies are
required. The report typically contains information relating to such matters
as credit history with local and national merchants and lenders, installment
debt payments and any record of defaults, bankruptcies, repossessions, or
judgments.
Mortgaged properties are appraised by licensed appraisers. The Asset Seller
does not approve all appraisers but instead relies on the mortgage brokers to
evaluate the appraiser's experience and ability; however, in the event that a
mortgage broker uses an appraiser who has not been approved by the Asset
Seller, the related appraisal will be reviewed by an approved
S-24
<PAGE>
appraiser of the Asset Seller for conformance with its guidelines. The Asset
Seller requires the appraiser to address neighborhood conditions, site and
zoning status and condition and valuation of improvements. Following each
appraisal, the appraiser prepares a report which includes a reproduction cost
analysis (when appropriate) based on the current cost of constructing a
similar home and a market value analysis based on recent sales of comparable
homes in the area. All appraisals are required to conform to the Uniform
Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice and must be on forms acceptable
to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Every appraisal is reviewed by a non-affiliated
appraisal review firm, or by another review appraiser acceptable to the Asset
Seller before the mortgage loan is made.]
[Describe any other material elements of underwriting criteria for Mortgage
Loans applied by Asset Seller or Other Originator.]
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The description in this Prospectus Supplement of the Initial Mortgage Loans
and the Mortgaged Properties is based upon the Initial Mortgage Loans as
constituted at the close of business on the Cut-off Date, as adjusted for the
scheduled principal payments due on or before such date. Prior to the issuance
of the Certificates, Mortgage Loans may be excluded from the Trust Fund as a
result of incomplete documentation or otherwise, if the Depositor deems such
removal necessary or appropriate. A limited number of other mortgage loans may
be added prior to the issuance of the Certificates. The Depositor believes
that the information set forth herein will be substantially representative of
the characteristics of the Initial Mortgage Loans at the time the Class A
Certificates are issued although the range of Mortgage Rates and maturities
and certain other characteristics of the Mortgage Loans may vary. In addition,
the Mortgage Loans ultimately included in the Trust Fund will include the
Subsequent Mortgage Loans and therefore the characteristics of the Mortgage
Loans ultimately included in the Trust Fund will differ from those set forth
above for the Initial Mortgage Loans.
In the event that any of the characteristics as of the Cut-off Date of the
Initial Mortgage Loans that constitute the Trust Fund on the date of initial
issuance of the Certificates vary materially from those described herein,
revised information regarding the Initial Mortgage Loans will be made
available to purchasers of the Class A Certificates, on or before such
issuance date, and a Current Report on Form 8-K containing such information
will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 15 days
following such date. In addition, a Current Report on Form 8-K will be filed
following each purchase of Subsequent Mortgage Loans.
S-25
<PAGE>
DESCRIPTION OF THE CERTIFICATES
GENERAL
The Series 199 - Asset Backed Certificates (the "CERTIFICATES" ) will
include the following four senior classes (the "CLASS A CERTIFICATES" ): Class
A-1 Certificates, Class A-2 Certificates, Class A-3 Certificates and Class A-4
Certificates (each, a "Class" and collectively, the "CLASS A CERTIFICATES" ).
In addition to the Class A Certificates, the Series 199 - Asset Backed
Certificates will include the Class R Certificates (the "RESIDUAL
CERTIFICATES" ). Only the Class A Certificates are offered hereby.
The Certificates will evidence the entire beneficial ownership interest in
the Trust Fund. The Trust Fund will consist of: (i) the Mortgage Loans; (ii)
such assets from time to time are identified as deposited in respect of the
Mortgage Loans in the Certificate Account; (iii) property acquired by
foreclosure of such Mortgage Loans or deed in lieu of foreclosure; (iv) the
Trustee's rights with respect to the Mortgage Loans under all insurance
policies (including the Certificate Insurance Policy) required to be
maintained pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and any proceeds
thereof; (v) liquidation proceeds; and (vi) amounts on deposit in the Pre-
Funding Account and the Capitalized Interest Account.
Distributions on the Class A Certificates will be made on the [25th] day of
each month or, if such day is not a business day, then on the next succeeding
business day (each, a "DISTRIBUTION DATE" ), commencing in , to
Certificateholders of record on the immediately preceding Record Date. The
record date (the "RECORD DATE" ) for each Distribution Date will be the close
of business on the last day of the month immediately preceding the related
Distribution Date.
Each Class of Class A Certificates will be issued in a minimum denomination
of $ and integral multiples of $ in excess thereof.
The Class A Certificates will be represented by one or more certificates
registered in the name of Cede & Co. ("CEDE" ), the nominee of DTC (Class A
Certificates so registered, "BOOK-ENTRY CERTIFICATES" ). No person acquiring
an interest in the Class A Certificates (a "BENEFICIAL OWNER" ) will be
entitled to receive a physical certificate representing such person's interest
(a "DEFINITIVE CERTIFICATE" ), except as set under "Description of the
Securities--Book-Entry Registration and Definitive Securities" in the
Prospectus.
PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT
On the Closing Date approximately $ (the "PRE-FUNDED AMOUNT" ) will be
deposited in the Pre-Funding Account, which account shall be part of the Trust
Fund. The maximum aggregate principal amount of the Subsequent Mortgage Loans
which may be deposited in the Trust Fund is equal to the sum of the Pre-Funded
Amount and the principal payments received on the Initial Mortgage Loans
between the Cut-off Date and the Closing Date. During the period (the "PRE-
FUNDING PERIOD" ) from and including the Closing Date until the earlier of (i)
the date on which the Pre-Funding Amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account
is less than or equal to $ , or (ii) , 199 , the Pre-Funded Amount will
be maintained in the Pre-Funding Account. The Pre-Funding Account will be
reduced during the Pre-Funding Period by the amount of Subsequent Mortgage
Loans deposited in the Trust Fund in accordance with the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement. Except as set forth in the following sentence, the Pre-Funded
Amount will be used only to purchase Subsequent Mortgage Loans. Immediately
following the Pre-Funding Period, the Pre-Funded Amount (net of reinvestment
income payable to the Class R Certificateholders), remaining at the end of
such Pre-Funding Period will be distributed to the holders of the Class A
Certificates in reduction of the Security Balances of their Certificates in
accordance with the priorities set forth herein under "--Class A Principal
Distribution Amount", resulting in a partial principal prepayment of such
Certificates.
S-26
<PAGE>
Amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account will be invested in
investments permitted by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and all interest
and any other investment earnings on amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding
Account will be distributed to the Class R Certificateholders following the
Pre-Funding Period.
CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT
The Depositor will establish for the benefit of the Class A
Certificateholders a trust account (the "CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT"). On
the Closing Date, the Depositor will deposit in such account a cash amount as
required by the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. On each Distribution Date
during the Pre-Funding Period and on the Distribution Date immediately
following, funds on deposit in the Capitalized Interest Account will be
applied by the Trustee to cover shortfalls in the Class A Interest
Distribution Amount attributable to the pre-funding feature during the related
Pre-Funding Period. Such shortfall initially will exist during the Pre-Funding
Period because while the Class A Certificateholders are entitled to receive
interest accruing on the Security Balance of the Class A Certificates, the
Security Balance of the Class A Certificates during the Pre-Funding Period
will be greater than the aggregate principal balance of the related Mortgage
Loans on the Closing Date. Following the termination of the Pre-Funding
Period, funds on deposit in the Capitalized Interest Account will be
distributed by the Trustee to the Class R Certificateholders.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION PROVISIONS AND SUPPORT FEATURES
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION RESULTING FROM CASH FLOW STRUCTURE. The Pooling and
Servicing Agreement requires that, on each Distribution Date, the Net Monthly
Excess Cashflow with respect to the Mortgage Loans, if any, be applied on such
Distribution Date as an accelerated payment of principal on the related Class
A Certificates, but only to the limited extent hereafter described. The "NET
MONTHLY EXCESS CASHFLOW" for any Distribution Date is equal to (x) the amount
on deposit in the Collection Account on such Distribution Date with respect to
the Mortgage Loans, other than Future Distribution Amounts, the related
Insured Payments and the Trustee's Fee and Premium Amount payable on such
Distribution Date (such amount, the related "AVAILABLE FUNDS" for such
Distribution Date) minus (y) the sum of (i) the sum of the related Class A
Interest Distribution Amount and the related Class A Principal Distribution
Amount (calculated for this purpose without regard to any Subordination
Increase Amount, Subordination Reduction Amount or portion thereof included
therein) and (ii) any Reimbursement Amount owed to the Certificate Insurer.
This application has the effect of accelerating the amortization of the
related Class A Certificates relative to the amortization of the Mortgage
Loans.
With respect to any Distribution Date, the excess, if any, of (x) the sum of
(i) the aggregate Principal Balances of the Mortgage Loans as of the close of
business on the last day of the related Due Period and (ii) any amounts on
deposit in the Pre-Funding Account (other than reinvestment income) over (y)
the Security Balances of the Class A Certificates as of such Distribution Date
(and following the making of all distributions on such Distribution Date) is
the "SUBORDINATED AMOUNT" as of such Distribution Date. The Pooling and
Servicing Agreement requires that the Net Monthly Excess Cashflows will be
applied as an accelerated payment of principal on the related Class A
Certificates until the related Subordinated Amount has increased to the level
equal to the related Required Subordinated Amount for such Distribution Date.
Any amount of Net Monthly Excess Cashflow actually applied as an accelerated
payment of principal is a "SUBORDINATION INCREASE AMOUNT". The required level
of the Subordinated Amount with respect to a Distribution Date is the
"REQUIRED SUBORDINATED AMOUNT" with respect to such Distribution Date.
Initially, the Required Subordinated Amount will be set at an amount equal to
a percentage, specified in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, of the
S-27
<PAGE>
aggregate Principal Balances of the Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date and
the original Pre-Funded Amount. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement generally
provides that the Required Subordinated Amounts may, over time, decrease, or
increase, subject to certain floors, caps and triggers, including triggers
that allow the Required Subordinated Amount to decrease or "step down" based
on the performance of the Mortgage Loans with respect to certain tests
specified in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement based on delinquency rates
and cumulative losses. If certain delinquency and/or loss levels set forth in
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement are exceeded, the Required Subordinated
Amount may become unlimited. Net Monthly Excess Cashflow will then be applied
in reduction of principal of the Class A Certificates during the period that
the Mortgage Loans are unable to meet certain tests specified in the Pooling
and Servicing Agreement based on delinquency rates and cumulative losses.
In the event that the Required Subordinated Amount is permitted to decrease
or "step down" on a Distribution Date in the future, the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement provides that some or all of the principal that would otherwise be
distributed to the holders of the Class A Certificates on such Distribution
Date will be available to satisfy other cash flow priorities of the Trust Fund
including distributions to the holders of the Class R Certificates on such
Distribution Date. This has the effect of decelerating the amortization of the
Class A Certificates relative to the amortization of the Mortgage Loans, and
of reducing the related Subordinated Amount. With respect to any Distribution
Date, the difference, if any, between (a) the related Subordinated Amount that
would apply on such Distribution Date after taking into account all
distributions to be made on such Distribution Date (exclusive of any
reductions thereto attributable to Subordination Reduction Amounts (as
described below) on such Distribution Date) and (b) the Required Subordinated
Amount for such Distribution Date is the "EXCESS SUBORDINATED AMOUNT" with
respect to such Distribution Date. If, on any Distribution Date, the Excess
Subordinated Amount is, or, after taking into account all other distributions
to be made on such Distribution Date would be, greater than zero (i.e., the
related Subordinated Amount is or would be greater than the Required
Subordinated Amount), then any amounts relating to principal which would
otherwise be distributed to the holders of the Class A Certificates on such
Distribution Date shall instead be distributed to the holders of the Class R
Certificates (to the extent available therefor) in an amount equal to the
lesser of (x) the related Excess Subordinated Amount and (y) the amount
available for distribution on account of principal with respect to the related
Class A Certificates on such Payment Date; such amount being a "SUBORDINATION
REDUCTION AMOUNT". In addition, due to the cash flow structure of the
Certificates as described below, Subordination Reduction Amounts may result
even prior to the occurrence of any decrease of "step down" in the related
Required Subordinated Amount. This is because the holders of the related Class
A Certificates will generally be entitled to receive 100% of collected
principal, even though the Security Balances of the Class A Certificates will,
following the accelerated amortization resulting from the application of the
Net Monthly Excess Cashflow, represent less than 100% of the related Mortgage
Loan's principal balance. In the absence of the provisions relating to
Subordination Reduction Amounts, the foregoing may otherwise increase the
Subordinated Amounts above the Required Subordinated Amount requirements even
without the application of any Net Monthly Excess Cashflow.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement provides that, on any Distribution Date,
all unscheduled collections on account of principal (other than any such
amount applied to the payment of a Subordination Reduction Amount) with
respect to each Mortgage Loan during the period beginning on the day following
the Due Date in the month preceding the month in which such Distribution Date
occurs, and ending on the Due Date of the month in which such Distribution
Date occurs (each such period, a "DUE PERIOD") will be distributed to the
holders of the Class A Certificates on such Distribution Date. If any Mortgage
Loan became a Liquidated Mortgage Loan during its Due Period, the net
Liquidation Proceeds (as defined in the
S-28
<PAGE>
Prospectus) related thereto and allocated to principal may be less than the
Principal Balance of the related Mortgage Loan; the amount of any such
insufficiency is a "LIQUIDATED LOAN LOSS." A "LIQUIDATED MORTGAGE LOAN" is, in
general, a defaulted Mortgage Loan as to which the Servicer has determined
that all amounts that it expects to recover on such Mortgage Loan have been
recovered (exclusive of any possibility of a deficiency judgment). In
addition, the Pooling and Servicing Agreement provides that the principal
balance of any Mortgage Loan after it becomes a Liquidated Mortgage Loan shall
equal zero. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement does not contain any rule that
requires that the amount of any Liquidated Loan Loss be distributed to the
holders of the Class A Certificates on the Distribution Date that immediately
follows the event of loss; i.e., the Pooling and Servicing Agreement does not
require the current recovery of losses. However, the occurrence of a
Liquidated Loan Loss will reduce the Subordinated Amount (an may result in a
Subordination Deficit as described below under "--Overcollateralization and
the Certificate Insurance Policy"), which, to the extent that such reduction
causes the Subordinated Amount to be less than the related Required
Subordinated Amount applicable to the related Distribution Date, will require
the payment of a Subordination Increase Amount on such Distribution Date (or,
if insufficient funds are available on such Distribution Date, on subsequent
Distribution Dates, until the Subordinated Amount equals the Required
Subordinated Amount).
Overcollateralization and The Certificate Insurance Policy. The Pooling and
Servicing Agreement defined a "SUBORDINATION DEFICIT" with respect to a
Distribution Date as the amount, if any, by which (x) the Security Balances
with respect to a Distribution Date, after taking into account all
distributions to be made on such Distribution Date (except for any
Subordination Deficit and Subordination Increase amount), exceeds (y) the sum
of (a) the aggregate Principal Balances of the related Mortgage Loans as of
the close of business on the last day of the related Due Period and (b) the
amount, if any, on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account on such Distribution
Date, exclusive of reinvestment income. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement
requires the Trustee to make a claim for an Insured Payment under the related
Certificate Insurance Policy not later than the second Business Day prior to
any Distribution Date as to which the Trustee has determined that a
Subordination Deficit will occur for the purpose of applying the proceeds of
such Insured Payment as a payment of principal to the holders of the Class A
Certificates on such Distribution Date. No payments in respect of principal
will be made under such Certificate Insurance Policy unless a Subordination
Deficit occurs. Investors in the Class A Certificates should realize that,
under extreme loss or delinquency scenarios applicable to the Mortgage Loans
that occur when no Subordination Deficit exists, they may temporarily receive
no distributions of principal when they would otherwise be entitled thereto
under the principal allocation provisions described herein. The exposure to
risk of loss of principal to the holders of the Class A Certificates depends
in part on the ability of the Certificate Insurer to satisfy its obligations
under the Certificate Insurance Policy.
PRIORITY OF PAYMENT
On each Distribution Date, the Trustee shall make the following
distributions, from funds on deposit in the Collection Account (other than
Future Distribution Amounts) and the amount of Insured Payments to be made on
such Distribution Date:
(a) to the Certificate Insurer, the Premium Amount;
(b) to the Trustee, an amount equal to the Trustee's Fees then due to it;
(c) to the Certificate Insurer the lesser of (x) an amount equal to (i)
the amount then on deposit in the Collection Account remaining after the
foregoing distributions minus (ii) the Insured Distribution Amount for such
Distribution Date and (y) the amount of all Insured Payments and other
payments made by the Certificate Insurer pursuant to the Certificate
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<PAGE>
Insurance Policy (together with interest thereon at the Pass-Through Rate
for the Class A Certificates) which have not been previously repaid (the
"REIMBURSEMENT AMOUNT") as of such Distribution Date;
(d) from amounts then on deposit in the Collection Account (including any
Insured Payments), to the Class A Certificateholders an amount equal to the
Class A Interest Distribution Amount, distributed on a pro rata basis to
the Class A Certificateholders as described below under "--Class A Interest
Distribution Amount";
(e) from amounts then on deposit in the Collection Account (including any
related Insured Payments), to the Class A Certificateholders an amount
equal to the Class A Principal Distribution Amount, distributed as
described below under "--Class A Principal Distribution Amount";
(f) from amounts then on deposit in the Collection Account, to the
holders of the Class R Certificates, the amount remaining on such
Distribution Date, if any.
With respect to any Distribution Date, "FUTURE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNTS" include
(i) all scheduled payments of principal and interest collected but due on a
date subsequent to the related Due Period, (ii) all unscheduled recoveries of
principal, together with related payments of interest thereon, on the Mortgage
Loans received during the month in which such Distribution Date occurs, (iii)
all amounts received with respect to a Mortgage Loan that was repurchased by
the Asset Seller during the month in which such Distribution Date occurs and
(iv) all net Liquidation Proceeds collected by the Servicer during the month
in which such Distribution Date occurs.
CLASS A INTEREST DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT
On each Distribution Date, holders of each Class of Class A Certificates
will be entitled to receive interest distributions in an amount equal to the
sum of (a) interest accrued for the related Interest Accrual Period on the
related Security Balance thereof immediately prior to such Distribution Date
at the applicable Pass-Through Rate (to the extent of the amounts remaining
for distributions after payments under clauses (a) through (c) under "--
Priority of Payment" above) and (b) the Class A Carry-Forward Amount, as
applicable, allocable to interest. The aggregate amount of interest allocable
to the Class A Certificates as determined separately (the "CLASS A INTEREST
DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT") will be allocable to the Class A Certificates on a pro
rata basis in proportion to the amount of interest payable thereon. The Class
A Interest Distribution Amount with respect to the Class A Certificates is
calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
With respect to any Distribution Date and the Class A Certificates, the sum
of the related Class A Interest Distribution Amount and the amount of the
related Subordination Deficit, if any, with respect to such Distribution Date
is the related "INSURED DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT" for such Distribution Date.
For each Distribution Date, the "INTEREST ACCRUAL PERIOD" is the previous
calendar month.
The "CLASS A CARRY-FORWARD AMOUNT" as of any Distribution Date equals the
sum of (a) the amount, if any, by which (i) the related Insured Distribution
Amount for the immediately preceding Distribution Date exceeded (ii) the
amount actually distributed to the holders of the Class A Certificates on such
Distribution Date in respect thereof (including, without limitation, amounts
paid under the Certificate Insurance Policy) and (b) 30 days' interest on such
amount at the Pass-Through Rate applicable to the Class A Certificates for
such Distribution Date.
S-30
<PAGE>
As described herein, the Class A Interest Distribution Amount allocable to
each Class of Class A Certificates is based on the Security Balance of such
Class immediately prior to the related Distribution Date. The Security Balance
of any Class of Class A Certificates as of any date of determination is equal
to the initial Security Balance thereof, reduced as described herein with
respect to such Class.
On any Distribution Date, the amount of the premium (the "PREMIUM AMOUNT")
payable to the Certificate Insurer is equal to one-twelfth of the product of a
percentage specified in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and the aggregate
Security Balance of the Class A Certificates.
CLASS A PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT
Holders of the Class A Certificates will be entitled to receive on each
Distribution Date, to the extent of the portion of the amounts remaining for
distribution after payments under clauses (a) through (d) under "--Priority of
Payment" above, an amount ("CLASS A PRINCIPAL DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT"), in
reduction of the Security Balances thereof as described below, which equals
the sum of (i) the portion of any Class A Carry-Forward Amount which relates
to a shortfall in a distribution of a related Subordination Deficit, (ii) all
scheduled installments of principal in respect of the Mortgage Loans received
or advanced during the Due Period, together with all unscheduled recoveries of
principal on such Mortgage Loans received by the Servicer during the prior
calendar month, (iii) the Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan that was
repurchased by the Asset Seller during the prior calendar month, (iv) any
amounts received in connection with a substitution of a Mortgage Loan, (v) the
net Liquidation Proceeds collected by the Servicer during the prior calendar
month (to the extent such net Liquidation Proceeds are related to principal),
(vi) the amount of any Subordination Deficit for such Distribution Date, (vii)
the proceeds received by the Trustee of any termination of the Trust Fund (to
the extent such proceeds are related to principal), (viii) the amount of any
related Subordination Increase Amount for such Distribution Date, and (ix)
with respect to the Distribution Date occurring in , any amounts in the
Pre-Funding Account after giving effect to any purchase of Subsequent Mortgage
Loans; minus (x) the amount of any Subordination Reduction Amount for such
Distribution Date.
In no event will the Class A Principal Distribution Amount with respect to
any Distribution Date be (x) less than zero or (y) greater than the then
outstanding aggregate Security Balance of the Class A Certificates.
Distributions of the Class A Principal Distribution Amount will be allocated
[insert distribution priorities].
The "SERVICER REMITTANCE DATE" with respect to any Distribution Date is the
18th day of the month in which such Distribution Date occurs, or if such 18th
day is not a business day, the business day immediately preceding such 18th
day.
The "PRINCIPAL BALANCE" of any Mortgage Loan as of any date of determination
is the principal balance of such Mortgage Loan as of the Due Date preceding
such date of determination, as such principal balance is specified for such
Due Date in the amortization schedule, (before any adjustment to such
amortization schedule by reason of any bankruptcy (other than Deficient
Valuations (as defined in the Prospectus)) or similar proceeding or any
moratorium or similar waiver or grace period) after giving effect to
prepayments received prior to such Due Date, Deficient Valuations incurred
prior to such Due Date, and to the payment of principal due on such Due Date
and irrespective of any delinquency in payment by the related
S-31
<PAGE>
Mortgagor. The Principal Balance of a Mortgage Loan that becomes a Liquidated
Mortgage Loan (as defined herein) on or prior to such Due Date shall be zero.
As of any Distribution Date, the "SECURITY BALANCE" of a Class of Class A
Certificates will equal the initial principal amount of such Class on the
Closing Date less all amounts distributed to the holders of such Class on
account of principal.
See "Summary Special--Prepayment Considerations" and "--Special Yield
Considerations" and "Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations" herein.
ADVANCES
Prior to each Distribution Date, the Servicer is required to make Advances
with respect to any payments of principal and interest (net of the related
Servicing Fees) which were due on the Mortgage Loans on the immediately
preceding Due Date and have not been received as of the business day
immediately preceding the related Servicer Remittance Date.
Such Advances are required to be made by the Servicer only to the extent
they are deemed by the Servicer to be recoverable from related late
collections, insurance proceeds or liquidation proceeds. The purpose of making
such Advances is to maintain a regular cash flow to the Certificateholders, to
maintain a specified level of overcollateralization and to pay the premium due
the Certificate Insurer and to pay the Trustee, rather than to guarantee or
insure against losses. Any failure by the Servicer to make an Advance as
required under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement will constitute an Event of
Default thereunder, in which case the Trustee, as successor servicer, will be
obligated to make any such Advance, in accordance with the terms of the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
All Advances will be reimbursable to the Servicer making the Advance,
subject to certain conditions and restrictions, from late collections,
insurance proceeds and liquidation proceeds from the Mortgage Loan as to which
such unreimbursed Advance was made.
CERTIFICATE INSURANCE POLICY
The following information regarding the Certificate Insurance Policy has
been supplied by the Certificate Insurer for inclusion in this Prospectus
Supplement.
The Certificate Insurer, in consideration of the payment of the premium and
subject to the terms of the Certificate Insurance Policy, thereby
unconditionally and irrevocably guarantees to any Owner that an amount equal
to each full and complete Insured Payment will be received by the Trustee, or
its successor as Trustee for the Owners, on behalf of the Owners from the
Certificate Insurer, for distribution by the Trustee to each Owner of each
Owner's proportionate share of the Insured Payment. The Certificate Insurer's
obligations under the Certificate Insurance Policy with respect to a
particular Insured Payment shall be discharged to the extent funds equal to
the applicable Insured Payment are received by the Trustee, whether or not
such funds are properly applied by the Trustee. Insured Payments shall be made
only at the time set forth in the Certificate Insurance Policy, and no
accelerated Insured Payments shall be made regardless of any acceleration of
the Class A Certificates, unless such acceleration is at the sole option of
the Certificate Insurer.
Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, the Certificate Insurance Policies
do not cover shortfalls, if any, attributable to the liability of the Trust
Fund, the REMIC or the Trustee for withholding taxes, if any (including
interest and penalties in respect of any such liability).
S-32
<PAGE>
The Certificate Insurer will pay any Insured Payment that is a Preference
Amount on the Business Day following receipt on a Business Day by the
Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent of (i) a certified copy of the order
requiring the return of a preference payment, (ii) an opinion of counsel
satisfactory to the Certificate Insurer that such order is final and not
subject to appeal, (iii) an assignment in such form as is reasonably required
by the Certificate Insurer, irrevocably assigning to the Certificate Insurer
all rights and claims of the Owner relating to or arising under the Class A
Certificates against the debtor which made such preference payment or
otherwise with respect to such preference payment and (iv) appropriate
instruments to effect the appointment of the Certificate Insurer as agent for
such Owner in any legal proceeding related to such preference payment, such
instruments being in a form satisfactory to the Certificate Insurer, provided
that if such documents are received after 12:00 noon New York City time on
such Business Day, they will be deemed to be received on the following
Business Day. Such payments shall be disbursed to the receiver or trustee in
bankruptcy named in the final order of the court exercising jurisdiction on
behalf of the Owner and not to any Owner directly unless such Owner has
returned principal or interest paid on the Class A Certificates to such
receiver or trustee in bankruptcy, in which case such payment shall be
disbursed to such Owner.
The Certificate Insurer will pay any other amount payable under the
Certificate Insurance Policy no later than 12:00 noon, City of New York time,
on the later of the Distribution Date on which the related Insured Payment is
due or the Business Day following receipt in New York, New York on a Business
Day by , as the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent or any successor fiscal
agent appointed by the Certificate Insurer (the "CERTIFICATE INSURER'S FISCAL
AGENT") of a Notice (as described below); provided that if such Notice is
received after 12:00 noon, City of New York time, on such Business Day, it
will be deemed to be received on the following Business Day. If any such
Notice received by the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent is not in proper
form or is otherwise insufficient for the purpose of making a claim under the
Certificate Insurance Policy it shall be deemed not to have been received by
the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent for purposes of this paragraph, and the
Certificate Insurer or the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent, as the case may
be, shall promptly so advise the Trustee and the Trustee may submit an amended
Notice.
Insured Payments due under the Certificate Insurance Policy, unless
otherwise stated therein, will be disbursed by the Certificate Insurer's
Fiscal Agent to the Trustee on behalf of the Owners by wire transfer of
immediately available funds in the amount of the Insured Payment less, in
respect of Insured Payments related to Preference Amounts, any amount held by
the Trustee for the payment of such Insured Payment and legally available
therefor.
The Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent is the agent of the Certificate
Insurer only and the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent shall in no event be
liable to Owners for any acts of the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent or any
failure of the Certificate Insurer to deposit, or cause to be deposited,
sufficient funds to make payments due under the Certificate Insurance Policy.
As used in the Certificate Insurance Policy, the following terms shall have
the following meanings:
"BUSINESS DAY" means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on
which banking institutions in New York City or in the city in which the
corporate trust office of the Trustee under the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement is located are authorized or obligated by law or executive order
to close.
"INSURED PAYMENT" means (i) as of any Distribution Date, an amount equal
to the sum of (a) the Class A Interest Distribution Amount minus the
related Available Funds and (b) the Subordination Deficit and (ii) the
related unpaid Preference Amount.
"NOTICE" means the telephonic or telegraphic notice, promptly confirmed
in writing by telecopy substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached to
each Certificate Insurance Policy,
S-33
<PAGE>
the original of which is subsequently delivered by registered or certified
mail, from the Trustee specifying the Insured Payment which shall be due
and owing on the applicable Distribution Date.
"OWNER" means each related Class A Certificateholder (as defined in the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement) who, on the applicable Distribution Date,
is entitled under the terms of the applicable Class A Certificate, to
payment under the related Certificate Insurance Policy.
"PREFERENCE AMOUNT" means any amount previously distributed to an Owner
on the related Class A Certificates that is recoverable and sought to be
recovered as a voidable preference by a trustee in bankruptcy pursuant to
the United States Bankruptcy Code (11 U.S.C.), as amended from time to time
in accordance with a final nonappealable order of a court having competent
jurisdiction.
Capitalized terms used in the Certificate Insurance Policy and not otherwise
defined in the Certificate Insurance Policy shall have the respective meanings
set forth in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement as of the date of execution
of the Certificate Insurance Policies, without giving effect to any subsequent
amendment or modification to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement unless such
amendment or modification has been approved in writing by the Certificate
Insurer.
Any notice under the Certificate Insurance Policy or service of process on
the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent may be made at the address listed below
for the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent or such other address as the
Certificate Insurer shall specify in writing to the Trustee.
The notice address of the Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent is ,
Attention: Municipal Registrar and Paying Agency, or such other address as the
Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent shall specify to the Trustee in writing.
The Certificate Insurance Policy is being issued under and pursuant to, and
shall be construed under, the laws of the State of New York, without giving
effect to the conflict of laws principles thereof.
The insurance provided by the Certificate Insurance Policies is not covered
by the Property/Casualty Insurance Certificate Fund specified in Article 76 of
the New York Insurance Law.
The Certificate Insurance Policy is not cancelable for any reason. The
premium on each of the Certificate Insurance Policies is not refundable for
any reason including payment, or provision being made for payment, prior to
maturity of the Class A Certificates.
ALLOCATION OF LOSSES
To the extent that the Certificate Insurer fails to make an Insured Payment
required to be made under the Certificate Insurance Policy, any losses on the
Mortgage Loans will be allocated first to the Class R Certificates and then to
the Class A Certificates, pro rata.
S-34
<PAGE>
CERTIFICATE INSURER
The following information has been supplied by the Certificate Insurer for
inclusion in this Prospectus Supplement.
The Certificate Insurer is a company, incorporated under the laws of
the State of and licensed to do business in all 50 states, the District
of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
, and have each assigned a claims-paying ability rating to the
Certificate Insurer.
All information regarding the Certificate Insurer, a wholly owned subsidiary
of , including the financial statements of the Certificate Insurer for
the year ended December 31, 199 , prepared in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of
for the year ended December 31, 199 , is hereby incorporated by
reference into this Prospectus Supplement and shall be deemed to be a part
hereof. Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein
shall be modified or superseded for purposes of this Prospectus Supplement to
the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently
filed document which also is incorporated by reference herein modifies or
supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not
be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this
Prospectus Supplement.
All financial statements of the Certificate Insurer included in documents
filed with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, subsequent to the date of this
Prospectus Supplement and prior to the termination of the offering of the
Class A Certificates shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this
Prospectus Supplement and to be a part hereof from the respective dates of
filing such documents.
The tables below present selected financial information of the Certificate
Insurer determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles:
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
SAP
---------------------
(AUDITED) (UNAUDITED)
<S> <C> <C>
Admitted Assets...........................................
Liabilities...............................................
Capital and Surplus.......................................
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
, 199
---------------------
(AUDITED) (UNAUDITED)
(IN MILLIONS)
<S> <C> <C>
Admitted Assets...........................................
Liabilities...............................................
Capital and Surplus.......................................
</TABLE>
For additional financial information concerning the Certificate Insurer, see
the audited financial statements of the Certificate Insurer incorporated by
reference herein. Copies of the financial statements of the Certificate
Insurer incorporated herein by reference and copies of the Certificate
Insurer's annual statement for the year ended December 31, 199 prepared in
accordance with statutory accounting standards are available, without charge,
from the Certificate Insurer. The address of the Certificate Insurer's
administrative offices and its telephone number are and .
S-35
<PAGE>
CERTAIN YIELD AND PREPAYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
The yield to maturity and the aggregate amount of distributions on the Class
A Certificates will be affected by the rate and timing of principal payments
on the Mortgage Loans. Such yield may be adversely affected by a higher or
lower than anticipated rate of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans. The
rate of principal payments on such Mortgage Loans will in turn be affected by
the amortization schedules of the Mortgage Loans, the rate and timing of
principal prepayments thereon by the Mortgagors, liquidations of defaulted
Mortgage Loans and purchases of Mortgage Loans due to certain breaches of
representations or warranties. The timing of changes in the rate of
prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the Mortgage Loans may, and the
timing of losses on the Mortgage Loans will, significantly affect the yield on
the Class A Certificates to an investor, even if the average rate of principal
payments experienced over time is consistent with an investor's expectation.
Since the rate and timing of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans will
depend on future events and on a variety of factors (as described herein and
in the Prospectus under "Yield Considerations"), no assurance can be given as
to such rate or the timing of principal payments on the Class A Certificates.
The Mortgage Loans may be prepaid by the mortgagors at any time; however,
certain of the Mortgage Loans are subject to a prepayment charge for
prepayments. See "Description of the Mortgage Loans" herein. In addition, the
Mortgage Loans contain a provision that may result in the acceleration of the
payment of the Mortgage Loan in the event of the transfer or sale of the
Mortgaged Property. Prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the Mortgage
Loans will result in distributions to holders of the Class A Certificates of
principal amounts that would otherwise be distributed over the remaining terms
of the Mortgage Loans. Factors affecting prepayment (including defaults and
liquidations) of mortgage loans include changes in mortgagors' housing needs,
job transfers, unemployment, mortgagors' net equity in the mortgaged
properties, changes in the value of the mortgaged properties, mortgage market
interest rates, solicitations and servicing decisions. In addition, if
prevailing mortgage rates fell significantly below the Mortgage Rates on the
Mortgage Loans, the rate of prepayments (including refinancings) would be
expected to increase. Conversely, if prevailing mortgage rates rose
significantly above the Mortgage Rates on the Mortgage Loans, the rate of
prepayments on the Mortgage Loans would be expected to decrease.
The yield to maturity on the Class A Certificates will depend on, among
other things, the price paid by the holders of the Class A Certificates and
the Pass-Through Rate. The extent to which the yield to maturity of a Class A
Certificate is sensitive to prepayments will depend, in part, upon the degree
to which it is purchased at a discount or premium. In general, if a Class of
Class A Certificates is purchased at a premium and principal distributions
thereon occur at a rate faster than anticipated at the time of purchase, the
investor's actual yield to maturity will be lower than that assumed at the
time of purchase. Conversely, if a Class of Class A Certificates is purchased
at a discount and principal distributions thereon occur at a rate slower than
that assumed at the time of purchase, the investor's actual yield to maturity
will be lower than that assumed at the time of purchase. For additional
considerations relating to the yield on the Class A Certificates, see "Yield
Considerations" in the Prospectus.
The rate of defaults on the Mortgage Loans will also affect the rate and
timing of principal payments on the Mortgage Loans. In general, defaults on
mortgage loans are expected to occur with greater frequency in their early
years. The rate of default on Mortgage Loans which are refinance or limited
documentation mortgage loans, and on Mortgage Loans with high Loan-to-Value
Ratios, may be higher than for other types of Mortgage Loans. Furthermore, the
rate and timing of prepayments, defaults and liquidations on the Mortgage
Loans will be affected by the general economic condition of the region of the
country in which the related Mortgaged Properties are located. The risk of
delinquencies and loss is greater and prepayments are less
S-36
<PAGE>
likely in regions where a weak or deteriorating economy exists, as may be
evidenced by, among other factors, increasing unemployment or falling property
values.
In addition, with respect to the Class A Certificates, because principal
distributions are paid to certain of such classes before other classes,
holders of classes having a later priority of payment bear a greater risk of
losses than holders of classes having earlier priorities for distribution of
principal.
"Weighted average life" refers to the average amount of time that will
elapse from the date of issuance of a Certificate until each dollar of
principal of such Certificate is scheduled to be repaid to an investor
(assuming no losses). The weighted average life of the Class A Certificates
will be influenced by the rate at which principal of the Mortgage Loans is
paid, which may be in the form of scheduled amortization or prepayments (for
this purpose, the term "prepayment" includes liquidations due to default).
Prepayments on mortgage loans are commonly measured relative to a prepayment
standard or model. The model used in this Prospectus Supplement, the Standard
Prepayment Assumption ("SPA"), represents an assumed rate of prepayment each
month relative to the then outstanding principal balance of a pool of new
mortgage loans. A prepayment assumption of 100% SPA assumes constant
prepayment rates of 0.2% per annum of the then outstanding principal balance
of such mortgage loans in the first month of the life of the mortgage loans
and an additional 0.2% per annum in each month thereafter until the thirtieth
month. Beginning in the thirtieth month and in each month thereafter during
the life of the mortgage loans, 100% SPA assumes a constant prepayment rate of
6% per annum each month. As used in the table below, "0% SPA" assumes
prepayment rates equal to 0% of SPA, i.e. no prepayments. Correspondingly, " %
SPA" assumes prepayment rates equal to % of SPA, and so forth. SPA DOES NOT
PURPORT TO BE A HISTORICAL DESCRIPTION OF PREPAYMENT EXPERIENCE OR A
PREDICTION OF THE ANTICIPATED RATE OF PREPAYMENT OF ANY POOL OF MORTGAGE
LOANS, INCLUDING THE MORTGAGE LOANS.
The following table has been prepared assuming that the Mortgage Loans have
the following characteristics (dollar amounts are approximate):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
REMAINING TERM ORIGINAL TERM
TO MATURITY TO MATURITY
PRINCIPAL BALANCE MORTGAGE RATE (IN MONTHS) (IN MONTHS)
- ----------------- ------------- -------------- -------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
--- --- ---
=== === ===
</TABLE>
In addition, the following tables have been prepared assuming that the
Mortgage Loans have the following characteristics: (i) all calculations for
the Mortgage Loans are done on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of
twelve 30-day months; (ii) with respect to the Class A Certificates, all
weighted average lives are calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and a 30-
day month; (iii) Due Dates on each Mortgage Loan are the first day of the
month; (iv) all scheduled monthly payments on the Mortgage Loans are made in a
timely fashion on the first day of each month, commencing in , and
prepayments are assumed to be received on the last day of each month,
commencing in (except for the hypothetical mortgage loans with an or
first Due Date, for which scheduled monthly payments commence in or
, respectively, and prepayments commence in or , respectively);
(v) distributions on the Class A Certificates are made on the 25th day of each
month,
S-37
<PAGE>
commencing in ; (vi) the Closing Date is ; (vii) the Required
Subordinated Amount will be set as provided in the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement; (viii) the Mortgage Loans will prepay at the indicated assumed
percentages of SPA; and (ix) with regard to the weighted average lives, the
Servicer does not exercise its option to terminate the Trust Fund when the
aggregate principal balance of the Mortgage Loans is reduced to less than %
of the aggregate Principal Balance of the Initial Mortgage Loans as of the
Cut-off Date and the aggregate Principal Balance of the Subsequent Mortgage
Loans as of the related Subsequent Cut-off Date.
Based upon the foregoing assumptions, certain of which may not reflect
actual experience, the following tables indicate the projected weighted
average life of each Class of Class A Certificates and the percentages of the
initial Security Balance of each such Class that would be outstanding after
each of the dates shown at various percentages of SPA.
PERCENTAGE OF INITIAL SECURITY BALANCE
OUTSTANDING AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF SPA
CLASS A-1 CERTIFICATES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DISTRIBUTION DATE % % % % % % % %
- ----------------- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Lives in Years(1)..............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The weighted average life of a Class A Certificate is determined by (i)
multiplying the amount of each distribution in reduction of the Security
Balance by the number of years from the date of issuance of such
Certificate to the related Distribution Date, (ii) adding the results and
(iii) dividing the sum by the initial Security Balance of the Certificate.
PERCENTAGE OF INITIAL SECURITY BALANCE
OUTSTANDING AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF SPA
CLASS A-2 CERTIFICATES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DISTRIBUTION DATE % % % % % % % %
- ----------------- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Lives in Years(1)..............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The weighted average life of a Class A Certificate is determined by (i)
multiplying the amount of each distribution in reduction of the Security
Balance by the number of years from the date of issuance of such
Certificate to the related Distribution Date, (ii) adding the results and
(iii) dividing the sum by the initial Security Balance of the Certificate.
S-38
<PAGE>
PERCENTAGE OF INITIAL SECURITY BALANCE
OUTSTANDING AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF SPA
CLASS A-3 CERTIFICATES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DISTRIBUTION DATE % % % % % % % %
- ----------------- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Lives in Years(1)..............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The weighted average life of a Class A Certificate is determined by (i)
multiplying the amount of each distribution in reduction of the Security
Balance by the number of years from the date of issuance of such
Certificate to the related Distribution Date, (ii) adding the results and
(iii) dividing the sum by the initial Security Balance of the Certificate.
PERCENTAGE OF INITIAL SECURITY BALANCE
OUTSTANDING AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF SPA
CLASS A-4 CERTIFICATES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
DISTRIBUTION DATE % % % % % % % %
- ----------------- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Lives in Years(1)..............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The weighted average life of a Class A Certificate is determined by (i)
multiplying the amount of each distribution in reduction of the Security
Balance by the number of years from the date of issuance of such
Certificate to the related Distribution Date, (ii) adding the results and
(iii) dividing the sum by the initial Security Balance of the
Certificate.
The actual characteristics and performance of the Mortgage Loans will differ
from the assumptions used in constructing the table set forth above, which is
hypothetical in nature and is provided only to give a general sense of how the
principal cash flows might behave under varying prepayment scenarios. For
example, it is very unlikely that the Mortgage Loans will prepay at the given
percentages of SPA until maturity or that all of the Mortgage Loans will
prepay at the same percentage of SPA. Moreover, the diverse remaining terms to
maturity of the Mortgage Loans could produce slower or faster principal
distributions than indicated in the table at the various percentages of SPA
specified, even if the weighted average remaining term to maturity of the
Mortgage Loans is as assumed. Any difference between such assumptions and the
actual characteristics and performance of the Mortgage Loans, or actual
prepayment or loss experience, will affect the percentages of initial Security
Balance outstanding over time and the weighted average lives of the Classes of
Class A Certificates.
S-39
<PAGE>
THE SERVICER
GENERAL
(in its capacity as servicer, the "SERVICER") will act as servicer for
the Mortgage Loans pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. The
Servicer is an indirect subsidiary of , a corporation.
As of , the Servicer and its subsidiaries were servicing approximately
mortgage loans in its Owned and Managed Servicing Portfolio representing an
aggregate outstanding principal balance of approximately $ , and
approximately mortgage loans in its Third-Party Servicing Portfolio
representing an aggregate outstanding principal balance of approximately $ .
The Certificates will not represent an interest in or obligation of, nor are
the Mortgage Loans guaranteed by, the Servicer or any of its affiliates.
DELINQUENCY AND LOSS EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICER
Owned and Managed Servicing Portfolio. The following tables set forth
information relating to the delinquency, loan loss and foreclosure experience
of the Servicer for its Owned and Managed Servicing Portfolio for 199 , and
for each of the prior years. The Servicer's "OWNED AND MANAGED SERVICING
PORTFOLIO" consists of the Servicer's servicing portfolio of fixed and
variable rate mortgage loans excluding certain loans serviced by the Servicer
that were not originated or purchased and reunderwritten by the Servicer or
any affiliate thereof. In addition to the Owned and Managed Servicing
Portfolio, the Servicer serviced as of , 199 , approximately mortgage
loans with an aggregate principal balance as of such date of approximately
$ ; such loans were not originated by the Servicer or any affiliate thereof
and are being serviced for third parties on a contract servicing basis (the
"THIRD-PARTY SERVICING PORTFOLIO"). No loans in the Third-Party Servicing
Portfolio are included in the tables set forth below.
DELINQUENCY AND FORECLOSURE EXPERIENCE OF
THE SERVICER'S OWNED AND MANAGED SERVICING PORTFOLIO
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
MONTHS ENDING 19 19
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
NUMBER OF DOLLAR NUMBER OF DOLLAR NUMBER OF DOLLAR
MORTGAGE AMOUNT MORTGAGE AMOUNT MORTGAGE AMOUNT
LOANS (000) LOANS (000) LOANS (000)
--------- ------ --------- ------ --------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Portfolio....................
Delinquency..................
Percentage(1)................
30-59 days.................
60-89 days.................
90 days or more............
Total....................
Foreclosure Rate(2)..........
REO Properties(3)............
</TABLE>
S-40
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF DOLLAR NUMBER OF DOLLAR
MORTGAGE AMOUNT MORTGAGE AMOUNT
LOANS (000) LOANS (000)
--------- ------ --------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Portfolio.....................................
Delinquency...................................
Percentage(1)...............................
30-59 days..................................
60-89 days..................................
90 days or more.............................
Total.....................................
Foreclosure Rate(2)...........................
REO Properties(3).............................
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days payments are
contractually past due. The delinquency statistics for the period exclude
loans in foreclosure.
(2) "Foreclosure Rate" is the number of mortgage loans or the dollar amount
of mortgage loans in foreclosure as a percentage of the total number of
mortgage loans or the dollar amount of mortgage loans, as the case may
be, as of the date indicated.
(3) REO Properties (i.e., "real estate owned" properties--properties relating
to mortgage foreclosed or for which deeds in lieu of foreclosure have
been accepted, and held by the Servicer pending disposition) percentages
are calculated using the number of loans, not the dollar amount.
LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICER'S OWNED AND
MANAGED SERVICING PORTFOLIO OF MORTGAGE LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MONTHS ENDING YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31,
------------- ------------------------------
19 19 19 19
------ ------ ------ ------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Average amount outstanding(1)....
Gross losses(2)..................
Recoveries(3)....................
Net losses(4)....................
Net losses as a percentage of
average amount outstanding......
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) "Average Amount Outstanding" during the period is the arithmetic average
of the principal balances of the mortgage loans outstanding on the last
business day of each month during the period.
(2) "Gross Losses" are amounts which have been determined to be uncollectible
relating to mortgage loans for each respective period.
(3) "Recoveries" are recoveries from liquidation proceeds and deficiency
judgments.
(4) "Net Losses" represents "Gross Losses" minus "Recoveries".
There can be no assurance that the delinquency experience of the Mortgage
Loans will correspond to the delinquency experience of the Servicer's
servicing portfolio set forth in the foregoing tables. The statistics shown
above represent the delinquency experience for the Servicer's servicing
portfolio only for the periods presented, whereas the aggregate delinquency
experience on the Mortgage Loans will depend on the results obtained over the
life of the Mortgage Loans. The Servicer's servicing portfolio includes
mortgage loans with a variety of payment and other characteristics (including
geographic location) which are not necessarily representative of the payment
and other characteristics of the Mortgage Loans. The Servicer's servicing
portfolio includes mortgage loans underwritten pursuant to guidelines not
necessarily representative of those applicable to the Mortgage Loans. It
should be noted that if the residential real estate market should experience
an overall decline in property values, the actual rates of delinquencies and
foreclosures could be higher than those previously experienced by the
Servicer. In addition, adverse economic conditions may affect the actual rates
of delinquencies and foreclosures with respect to the Mortgage Loans.
S-41
<PAGE>
POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT
GENERAL
The Certificates will be issued pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement (the "POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT" ), dated as of , 199
among the Depositor, the Servicer and , as Trustee. Reference is made
to the Prospectus for important information in addition to that set forth
herein regarding the terms and conditions of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement and the Class A Certificates. See "Description of the Agreements--
Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements and Underlying
Servicing Agreements" in the Prospectus.
SERVICING AND OTHER COMPENSATION AND PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
The servicing fee for each Mortgage Loan (the "SERVICING FEE" ) is payable
out of the interest payments on such Mortgage Loan. The Servicing Fee on each
Mortgage Loan is payable monthly and is equal to one-twelfth of [a fixed
percentage per annum] (the "SERVICING FEE RATE") multiplied by the Principal
Balance of such Mortgage Loan on the first day of the related Due Period. In
addition to the Servicing Fee, the Servicer shall be entitled to receive, as
additional servicing compensation, to the extent permitted by applicable law
and the related Mortgage Notes, any late payment charges, assumption fees or
similar items. The Servicer shall pay all expenses incurred by it in
connection with its servicing activities under the Pooling and Servicing
Agreement and shall not be entitled to reimbursement therefor except as
specifically provided in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
THE TRUSTEE
(the "TRUSTEE" ), [a national banking association,] will act as
trustee for the Certificates pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
The Trustee will be entitled to a fee, payable monthly, equal to one-twelfth
of % per annum multiplied by the Principal Balance of each Mortgage Loan on
the first day of the related Due Period (the "TRUSTEE'S FEE" ). See
"Description of the Agreements--Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreements and Underlying Servicing Agreements--The Trustee" in the
Prospectus.
TERMINATION
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement will terminate upon notice to the
Trustee of either: (a) the later of the distribution to Certificateholders of
the final payment or collection with respect to the last Mortgage Loan (or
Advances of same by the Servicer), or the disposition of all funds with
respect to the last Mortgage Loan and the remittance of all funds due under
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement and the payment of all amounts due and
payable to the Certificate Insurer and the Trustee or (b) mutual consent of
the Servicer, the Certificate Insurer and all Certificateholders in writing;
provided, however, that in no event will the Trust Fund established by the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement terminate later than twenty-one years after
the death of the last surviving lineal descendant of the person named in the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
Subject to provisions in the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Servicer
may, at its option and at its sole cost and expense, on any Distribution Date
when the aggregate Principal Balance of the Mortgage Loans is less than % of
the sum of the aggregate principal balance of the Mortgage Loans as of the
Cut-off Date and the aggregate principal balance of the Subsequent Mortgage
Loans as of the related Subsequent Cut-off Date, purchase from the Trust Fund
all of the outstanding Mortgage Loans at a price equal to the sum of (a) 100%
of the
S-42
<PAGE>
Principal Balance of each outstanding Mortgage Loan, (b) the aggregate amount
of accrued and unpaid interest on the Mortgage Loans through the related Due
Period and 30 days' accrued interest thereon at a rate equal to the Mortgage
Rate (net of the Servicing Fee Rate in the case of such a purchase by the
Servicer), (c) any unreimbursed amounts due to the Certificate Insurer under
the Pooling and Servicing Agreement), (d) any excess of the actual stated
principal balance of each such Mortgage Loan over the Principal Balance
thereof, the aggregate amount of accrued and unpaid interest on such excess
through the related due period and 30 days' interest on such excess at a rate
equal to the related Mortgage Rate with respect to each related Mortgage Loan,
and (e) the amount of any unreimbursed Servicing Advances made by the Servicer
with respect to the related Mortgage Loans. Any such purchase shall be
accomplished by deposit into the related Collection Account of the purchase
price specified above. No such termination is permitted without the prior
written consent of the Certificate Insurer if it would result in a draw on the
related Certificate Insurance Policy. See "Description of the Securities
Termination" in the Prospectus.
S-43
<PAGE>
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following discussion represents the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham &
Taft, special tax counsel to the Depositor. Assuming compliance with all
provisions of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement, for federal income tax
purposes, the Trust Fund will qualify as a REMIC under the Code.
For federal income tax purposes, each Class of Class A Certificates will
represent ownership of "regular interests" in the REMIC and will generally be
treated as representing ownership of debt instruments issued by the REMIC and
the Class R Certificates will constitute the sole class of "residual
interests" in the REMIC. See "Federal Income Tax Consequences--REMICs" in the
Prospectus.
For federal income tax reporting purposes, the Class A Certificates will
[not] be treated as having been issued with original issue discount. The
prepayment assumption that will be used with respect to the Class A
Certificates in determining the rate of accrual of original issue discount,
market discount and premium, if any, for federal income tax purposes will be
based on the assumption that, subsequent to the date of any determination the
Mortgage Loans will prepay at a rate equal to a % SPA. No representation is
made that the Mortgage Loans will prepay at this rate or at any other rate.
See "Federal Income Tax Consequences--REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular
Securities--Original Issue Discount" in the Prospectus.
The Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") has issued regulations (the "OID
REGULATIONS") under Sections 1271 to 1275 of the Code generally addressing the
treatment of debt instruments issued with original issue discount. Purchasers
of the Class A Certificates should be aware that the OID Regulations do not
adequately address certain issues relevant to, or are not applicable to,
securities such as the Class A Certificates. In addition, there is
considerable uncertainty concerning the application of the OID Regulations to
REMIC Regular Certificates that provide for payments based on an adjustable
rate. Because of the uncertainty concerning the application of Section
1272(a)(6) of the Code to such Certificates and because the rules of the OID
Regulations relating to debt instruments having an adjustable rate of interest
are limited in their application in ways that could preclude their application
to such Certificates even in the absence of Section 1272(a)(6) of the Code,
the IRS could assert that the Class A Certificates are issued with original
issue discount or should be governed by the rules applicable to debt
instruments having contingent payments or by some other method not yet set
forth in regulations. Prospective purchasers of the Class A Certificates are
advised to consult their tax advisors concerning the tax treatment of such
Certificates.
In certain circumstances the OID Regulations permit the holder of a debt
instrument to recognize original issue discount under a method that differs
from that used by the issuer. Accordingly, it is possible that the holder of a
Certificate may be able to select a method for recognizing original issue
discount that differs from that used in preparing reports to the
Certificateholders and the IRS.
The Class A Certificates may be treated for federal income tax purposes as
having been issued at a premium. Whether any holder of a Class A Certificate
will be treated as holding a certificate with amortizable bond premium will
depend on such Certificateholders' purchase price and the distributions
remaining to be made on such Certificate at the time of its acquisition by
such Certificateholder. Holders of the Class A Certificates should consult
their tax advisors regarding the possibility of making an election to amortize
such premium. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences--REMICs--Taxation
of Owners of Regular Securities" and "--Amortizable Premium" in the
Prospectus.
S-44
<PAGE>
The Class A Certificates will be treated as assets described in Section
7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code and "real estate assets" under Section 856(c)(4)(A)
of the Code generally in the same proportion that the assets of the Trust Fund
would be so treated. In addition, interest on the Class A Certificates will be
treated as "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property"
under Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code generally to the extent that such Class
A Certificates are treated as "real estate assets" under Section 856(c)(4)(A)
of the Code. Moreover, the Class A Certificates will be "qualified mortgages"
within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the Code. See "The Pooling and
Servicing Agreement--Termination" herein and "Certain Federal Income Tax
Consequences--REMICs--Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities" in
the Prospectus.
For further information regarding federal income tax consequences of
investing in the Class A Certificates, see "Federal Income Tax Consequences--
REMICs" in the Prospectus.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
[The Class A Certificates will constitute "mortgage related securities" for
purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended
("SMMEA"), so long as they are rated in one of the two highest rating
categories by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating
organization. As such, the Class A Certificates will be legal investments for
certain entities to the extent provided in SMMEA. However, institutions
subject to the jurisdiction of federal or state banking, insurance or other
agencies or authorities should review applicable rules, supervisory policies
and guidelines of these agencies before purchasing any of the Class A
Certificates, as certain Classes of Class A Certificates may be deemed to be
unsuitable investments, or may otherwise be restricted, under such rules,
policies or guidelines. It should also be noted that certain states have
enacted legislation limiting to varying extents the ability of certain
entities (in particular insurance companies) to invest in mortgage related
securities.] [The Class A Certificates will not constitute "mortgage related
securities" for purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of
1984, as amended.] Investors should consult with their own legal advisors in
determining whether and to what extent the Class A Certificates constitute
legal investments for such investors. See "Legal Investment" in the
Prospectus.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
As described in the Prospectus under "ERISA Considerations", Title I of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), and
Section 4975 of the Code impose certain duties and restrictions on employee
benefit plans and certain other retirement plans and arrangements subject
thereto (collectively, "PLANS") and on persons who have certain specified
relationships to Plans, including fiduciaries and service providers.
Comparable duties and restrictions may exist with respect to any "governmental
plan" (as defined in Section 3(32) of ERISA) subject to a federal, state or
local law ("SIMILAR LAW") which is, to a material extent, similar to the
foregoing provisions of ERISA or the Code. There are certain exemptions issued
by the United States Department of Labor (the "DOL") that may be applicable to
an investment by a Plan in the Class A Certificates, including the individual
administrative exemption described below and Prohibited Transaction Class
Exemption 83-1 ("PTE 83-1"). For a further discussion of the individual
administrative exemption and PTE 83-1, including the necessary conditions to
their applicability, and other important factors to be considered by a Plan
contemplating investing in the Class A Certificates, see "ERISA
Considerations" in the Prospectus.
S-45
<PAGE>
The DOL has issued to DBSI an individual administrative exemption (the
"EXEMPTION"), from certain of the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA with
respect to the initial purchase, the holding and the subsequent resale by a
Plan of certificates in pass-through trusts that meet the conditions and
requirements of the Exemption. The Exemption might apply to the acquisition,
holding and resale of the Class A Certificates by a Plan, provided that
specified conditions are met.
Among the conditions which would have to be satisfied for the Exemption to
apply to the acquisition by a Plan of the Class A Certificates is the
condition that the Plan investing in the Class A Certificates be an
"accredited investor" as defined in Rule 501(a)(1) of Regulation D of the
Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended (the "SECURITIES ACT").
Before purchasing a Class A Certificate, a fiduciary of a Plan should make
its own determination as to the availability of the exemptive relief provided
in the Exemption or the availability of any other prohibited transaction
exemptions (including PTE 83-1), and whether the conditions of any such
exemption will be applicable to the Class A Certificates, and fiduciary of a
governmental plan should make its own determination as to the need for an
availability of any exemptive relief under Similar Law. Any fiduciary of a
Plan or governmental plan considering whether to purchase a Class A
Certificate should also carefully review with its own legal advisors the
applicability of the fiduciary duty and prohibited transaction provisions of
ERISA, the Code or Similar Law to such investment. See "ERISA Considerations"
in the Prospectus.
INVESTMENTS BY PLANS ARE SUBJECT TO ERISA'S GENERAL FIDUCIARY REQUIREMENTS.
ACCORDINGLY, BEFORE INVESTING IN A CLASS A CERTIFICATE, A PLAN FIDUCIARY
SHOULD DETERMINE WHETHER SUCH AN INVESTMENT IS PERMITTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
THE DOCUMENTS GOVERNING THE PLAN AND IS PRUDENT FOR THE PLAN IN VIEW OF ITS
OVERALL INVESTMENT POLICY AND THE COMPOSITION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF ITS
PORTFOLIO.
The sale of Class A Certificates to a Plan is in no respect a representation
by the Depositor or Underwriter that this investment meets all relevant legal
requirements with respect to investments by Plans generally or any particular
Plan, or that this investment is appropriate for Plans generally or any
particular Plan.
S-46
<PAGE>
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement
between the Depositor, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. ("DBSI") and [Other
Underwriter] (" ", and together with DBSI, the "UNDERWRITERS"), the
Depositor has agreed to sell to the Underwriters, and the Underwriters have
agreed to purchase from the Depositor, the respective principal amounts of the
Class A Certificates set forth opposite their names below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNDERWRITER CLASS A CERTIFICATES
- ----------- --------------------
<S> <C>
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc............................... $
[Other Underwriter]........................................ $
</TABLE>
Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Underwriters have agreed,
subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, to purchase all of the
Class A Certificates if any of the Class A Certificates are purchased.
The Underwriters have advised the Depositor that they propose to offer the
Class A Certificates from time to time for sale in negotiated transactions or
otherwise, at prices determined at the time of sale. The Underwriters may
effect such transactions by selling Class A Certificates to or through dealers
and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of underwriting
discounts, concessions or commissions from the Underwriters and any purchasers
of Class A Certificates for whom they act as agents. The Underwriters and any
dealers that participate with the Underwriters in the distribution of the
Class A Certificates may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or
commissions received by them and any profit on the resale of Class A
Certificates by them may be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
The Depositor has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against, or make
contributions to the Underwriters with respect to, certain liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In connection with the offering, the Underwriters may purchase and sell the
Class A Certificates in the open market. These transactions may include
purchases to cover short positions created by an Underwriter in connection
with the offering. Short positions created by an Underwriter involve the sale
by an Underwriter of a greater number of Class A Certificates than they are
required to purchase from the Depositor in the offering. An Underwriter may
also impose a penalty bid, whereby selling concessions allowed to broker-
dealers in respect of securities sold in the offering may be reclaimed by such
Underwriter if such Class A Certificates are repurchased by such Underwriter
in covering transactions. These activities may maintain or otherwise affect
the market price of the Class A Certificates, which may be higher in price
than might otherwise prevail in the open market; and these activities, if
commenced, may be discontinued at any time. These transactions may be effected
in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
SECONDARY MARKET
There will not be any market for the Class A Certificates prior to the
issuance thereof. The Underwriters intend to act as market makers in the Class
A Certificates, subject to applicable
S-47
<PAGE>
provisions of federal and state securities laws and other regulatory
requirements, but are under no obligation to do so. There can be no assurance
that a secondary market for the Class A Certificates will develop or, if it
does develop, that it will continue. Further, no application will be made to
list the Class A Certificates on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the
liquidity of the Class A Certificates may be limited. The primary source of
information available to investors concerning the Class A Certificates will be
the monthly statements discussed in the Prospectus under "Description of the
Securities--Reports to Securityholders," which will include information as to
the outstanding Security Balances of the Class A Certificates. There can be no
assurance that any additional information regarding the Class A Certificates
will be available through any other source. In addition, the Depositor is not
aware of any source through which price information about the Class A
Certificates will be generally available on an ongoing basis. The limited
nature of such information regarding the Class A Certificates may adversely
affect the liquidity of the Class A Certificates, even if a secondary market
for the Class A Certificates becomes available.
LEGAL OPINIONS
The validity of the Class A Certificates and certain tax matters with
respect thereto will be passed upon for the Depositor by Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft.
RATINGS
It is a condition of the issuance of the Class A Certificates that they be
rated " " by and " " by .
The ratings assigned by to mortgage loan asset backed pass-through
certificates address the likelihood of the receipt by Certificateholders of
payments required under the Pooling and Servicing Agreement. 's ratings
take into consideration the credit quality of the mortgage pool, structural
and legal aspects associated with the Certificates, and the extent to which
the payment stream in the mortgage pool is adequate to make payments required
under the Certificates. 's rating on the Certificates does not,
however, constitute a statement regarding frequency of prepayments on the
mortgages. See "Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations" herein.
The ratings assigned by to mortgage loan asset backed pass-through
certificates also address the likelihood of the receipt by Certificateholders
of all distributions to which such Certificateholders are entitled. The rating
process addresses the structural and legal aspects associated with the
Certificates, including the nature of the underlying mortgage loans. The
ratings assigned to mortgage loan asset backed pass-through certificates do
not represent any assessment of the likelihood or rate of principal
prepayments. The ratings do not address the possibility that
Certificateholders might suffer a lower than anticipated yield.
The Depositor has not requested a rating on the Class A Certificates by any
rating agency other than and . However, there can be no assurance
as to whether any other rating agency will rate the Class A Certificates, or,
if it does, what rating would be assigned by any such other rating agency. A
rating on the Certificates by another rating agency, if assigned at all, may
be lower than the ratings assigned to the Class A Certificates by and
.
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities
and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning
rating organization. Each security rating
S-48
<PAGE>
should be evaluated independently of any other security rating. In the event
that the ratings initially assigned to the Class A Certificates are
subsequently lowered for any reason, no person or entity is obligated to
provide any additional support or credit enhancement with respect to the Class
A Certificates.
EXPERTS
The balance sheets of the Certificate Insurer, as of and the related
statements of income, changes in shareholder's equity and cash flow for the
years ended and , incorporated by reference in this Prospectus
Supplement have been audited by , independent auditors, as set forth in
their report thereon in reliance upon the authority of such firm as experts in
accounting and auditing.
S-49
<PAGE>
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Advances................................................................... S-11
Asset Seller............................................................... S-18
Available Funds............................................................ S-27
Average Amount Outstanding................................................. S-41
Beneficial Owner........................................................... S-26
Book-Entry Certificates.................................................... S-26
Business Day............................................................... S-33
Capitalized Interest Account............................................... S-27
Cede....................................................................... S-26
Certificate Insurance Policy............................................... S-1
Certificate Insurer........................................................ S-1
Certificate Insurer's Fiscal Agent......................................... S-33
Certificateholders......................................................... S-2
Certificates............................................................... S-1
Class...................................................................... S-1
Class A Carry-Forward Amount............................................... S-30
Class A Certificates....................................................... S-1
Class A Interest Distribution Amount....................................... S-30
Class A Principal Distribution Amount...................................... S-31
Closing Date............................................................... S-2
Code....................................................................... S-13
DBSI....................................................................... S-47
Definitive Certificate..................................................... S-26
Delinquent Mortgage Loans.................................................. S-15
Depositor.................................................................. S-1
Distribution Date.......................................................... S-2
DOL........................................................................ S-45
DTC........................................................................ S-2
Due Date................................................................... S-19
Due Period................................................................. S-28
ERISA...................................................................... S-45
Excess Subordinated Amount................................................. S-28
Exemption.................................................................. S-46
Foreclosure Rate........................................................... S-41
Freddie Mac................................................................ S-18
Future Distribution Amounts................................................ S-30
Gross Losses............................................................... S-41
holders.................................................................... S-2
Initial Mortgage Loan...................................................... S-6
Initial Mortgage Loans..................................................... S-1
Insured Distribution Amount................................................ S-30
Insured Payment............................................................ S-33
Interest Accrual Period.................................................... S-30
IRS........................................................................ S-44
Liquidated Loan Loss....................................................... S-29
Liquidated Mortgage Loan................................................... S-29
Mortgage................................................................... S-6
Mortgage Loans............................................................. S-2
Mortgage Note.............................................................. S-6
</TABLE>
S-50
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Mortgage Rate.............................................................. S-7
Mortgaged Property......................................................... S-6
Net Losses................................................................. S-41
Net Monthly Excess Cashflow................................................ S-27
NOTES...................................................................... 1
Notice..................................................................... S-33
OID Regulations............................................................ S-44
Other Originators.......................................................... S-18
Owned and Managed Servicing Portfolio...................................... S-40
Owner...................................................................... S-34
Pass-Through Rate.......................................................... S-9
Plans...................................................................... S-45
Pooling and Servicing Agreement............................................ S-42
Preference Amount.......................................................... S-34
Pre-Funded Amount.......................................................... S-2
Pre-Funding Account........................................................ S-2
Pre-Funding Period......................................................... S-2
Premium Amount............................................................. S-31
Principal Balance.......................................................... S-31
PTE 83-1................................................................... S-45
Record Date................................................................ S-26
Recoveries................................................................. S-41
Reimbursement Amount....................................................... S-30
REMIC...................................................................... S-2
Required Subordinated Amount............................................... S-27
Residual Certificates...................................................... S-1
Riegle Act................................................................. S-17
Securities................................................................. 1
Securities Act............................................................. S-46
Security Balance........................................................... S-32
Servicer................................................................... S-40
Servicer Remittance Date................................................... S-31
Servicing Fee.............................................................. S-42
Servicing Fee Rate......................................................... S-42
Similar Law................................................................ S-45
SMMEA...................................................................... S-45
SPA........................................................................ S-37
Standard Non-Conforming Program............................................ S-18
Sub-prime Loan............................................................. S-15
Subordinated Amount........................................................ S-27
Subordination Deficit...................................................... S-29
Subordination Increase Amount.............................................. S-27
Subordination Reduction Amount............................................. S-28
Subsequent Cut-off Date.................................................... S-11
Subsequent Mortgage Loans.................................................. S-2
Subsequent Transfer Date................................................... S-16
Third-Party Servicing Portfolio............................................ S-40
Trust Fund................................................................. S-1
Trustee.................................................................... S-2
Trustee's Fee.............................................................. S-42
Underwriters............................................................... S-1
Weighted Average Life...................................................... S-37
</TABLE>
S-51
<PAGE>
NO DEALER, SALESPERSON OR OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFOR-
MATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLE-
MENT AND THE PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTA-
TIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR BY
THE UNDERWRITER. THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS DO NOT CONSTI-
TUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, THE SECURITIES
OFFERED HEREBY TO ANYONE IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH THE PERSON MAKING SUCH
OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT QUALIFIED TO DO SO OR TO ANYONE TO WHOM IT IS UN-
LAWFUL TO MAKE ANY SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL,
UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT INFORMATION HEREIN OR
THEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SINCE THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
OR THE PROSPECTUS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Summary.................................................................... S-5
Risk Factors............................................................... S-15
Description of the Mortgage Loans.......................................... S-18
Description of the Certificates............................................ S-26
Certificate Insurer........................................................ S-35
Certain Yield and Prepayment Considerations................................ S-36
The Servicer............................................................... S-40
Pooling and Servicing Agreement............................................ S-42
Federal Income Tax Consequences............................................ S-44
Legal Investment........................................................... S-45
ERISA Considerations....................................................... S-45
Method of Distribution..................................................... S-47
Secondary Market........................................................... S-47
Legal Opinions............................................................. S-48
Ratings.................................................................... S-48
Experts.................................................................... S-49
Index of Defined Terms..................................................... S-50
PROSPECTUS
Summary of Prospectus...................................................... 1
Risk Factors............................................................... 13
Description of the Trust Funds............................................. 20
Use of Proceeds............................................................ 32
Yield Considerations....................................................... 32
The Depositor.............................................................. 37
Description of the Securities.............................................. 38
Description of the Agreements.............................................. 45
Description of Credit Support.............................................. 66
Certain legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans.................................... 69
Certain Legal Aspects of the Contracts..................................... 81
Federal Income Tax Consequences............................................ 85
State and Other Tax Consequences........................................... 119
ERISA Considerations....................................................... 119
Legal Investment........................................................... 122
Methods of Distribution.................................................... 124
Legal Matters.............................................................. 125
Financial Information...................................................... 125
Rating..................................................................... 125
Index of Defined Terms..................................................... 126
</TABLE>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACE SECURITIES CORP.
DEPOSITOR
$
ASSET BACKED CERTIFICATES,
SERIES 199 -
$ CLASS A-1 CERTIFICATES
$ CLASS A-2 CERTIFICATES
$ CLASS A-3 CERTIFICATES
$ CLASS A-4 CERTIFICATES
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES
[OTHER UNDERWRITER]
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
, 199
<PAGE>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A +
+REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE +
+SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY +
+OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT +
+BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER +
+TO SELL OR THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF +
+THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD +
+BE UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS +
+OF ANY SUCH STATE. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED OCTOBER 7, 1998
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus dated , 199 )
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$
ACE SECURITIES CORP.,
(DEPOSITOR)
[ ] HOME LOAN DEPOSIT TRUST 199 , (ISSUER)
ASSET BACKED NOTES, SERIES 199 -
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
$ Class A-1 Floating Rate Asset Backed Notes
$ Class A-2 % Asset Backed Notes
$ Class A-3 % Asset Backed Notes
$ Class A-4 % Asset Backed Notes
$ Class A-5 % Asset Backed Notes
$ Class M-1 % Asset Backed Notes
$ Class M-2 % Asset Backed Notes
$ Class B-1 % Asset Backed Notes
</TABLE>
,
(ASSET SELLER AND SERVICER)
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The [ ] Home Loan Owner Trust 199 - (the "TRUST") will be formed pursuant
to a trust agreement dated as of , 199 (the "DEPOSIT TRUST AGREEMENT")
and entered into by ACE Securities Corp., as depositor (the "DEPOSITOR"), ,
as owner trustee (the "OWNER TRUSTEE") and as Servicer (" "). The Trust
will issue ten classes of Asset Backed Notes (the "NOTES") in the classes set
forth above (the "OFFERED NOTES"), the Class B-2 Notes and the Class X-1
Notes (each, a "CLASS") pursuant to an indenture to be dated as of ,
199 (the "INDENTURE"), between the Trust and , as indenture trustee (in
such capacity, the "INDENTURE TRUSTEE"). The Trust also will issue
certificates evidencing the residual interest in the Trust (the "RESIDUAL
INTEREST CERTIFICATES"). The Notes and the Residual Interest Certificates are
collectively referred to herein as the "SECURITIES." Only the Offered Notes
are offered hereby.
The Trust will consist primarily of a pool (the "POOL") of closed-end, fixed-
rate home loans (the "LOANS") as described herein under "The Pool" which are
either secured primarily by junior-lien mortgages, deeds of trust or other
similar security instruments (the "MORTGAGES") or unsecured. In addition,
substantially all of the Loans will be secured by Mortgaged Properties in
which the borrowers have little or no equity at the time of origination
(i.e., the related combined loan-to-value ratios approach or exceed 100%).
Loans having an aggregate unpaid principal balance as of , 199 of
approximately $ (the "INITIAL LOANS") have been designated for inclusion in
the Pool. On or prior to , 199 , the Trust may purchase additional loans
(the "SUBSEQUENT LOANS") having an aggregate unpaid principal balance of up
to $ with amounts on deposit in an account (the "PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT")
established for such purpose on the Closing Date.
[Approximately %, by principal balance of the Initial Mortgage Loans as of
the Cut-Off Date, are expected to be Sub-prime Loans, as described under
"Risk Factors--Sub-prime Mortgage Loans may be more likely to Default"]
(Cover continued on next page)
Capitalized terms used in this Prospectus Supplement and not otherwise
defined herein have the meanings assigned in the Prospectus. See the "Index
of Defined Terms" beginning on page S- herein and the "Index of Defined
Terms" in the Prospectus.
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS IN THE OFFERED NOTES SHOULD CONSIDER THE MATERIAL RISKS
DISCUSSED UNDER "RISK FACTORS" IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT BEGINNING ON
PAGE S-[ ] AND IN THE PROSPECTUS BEGINNING ON PAGE [ ].
THE OFFERED NOTES REPRESENT INTERESTS IN OR OBLIGATIONS OF THE TRUST ONLY AND
DO NOT REPRESENT INTERESTS IN OR OBLIGATIONS OF THE DEPOSITOR, ASSET SELLER,
SERVICER, OWNER TRUSTEE OR INDENTURE TRUSTEE OR ANY AFFILIATE THEREOF, EXCEPT
TO THE EXTENT PROVIDED HEREIN. NEITHER THE LOANS NOR THE OFFERED NOTES ARE
INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY FINANCIAL GUARANTY INSURER OR ANY GOVERNMENTAL
AGENCY OR ANY OTHER PERSON.
THE OFFERED NOTES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE
CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
The Offered Notes are being offered by Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and
[Other Underwriter] (the "UNDERWRITERS") from time to time in negotiated
transactions or otherwise at varying prices to be determined at the time of
sale. Proceeds to the Depositor are expected to be $ plus accrued interest
from , 199 (or, in the case of the Class A-1 Notes, from , 199 )
to, but not including, , 199 (the "CLOSING DATE"), before deducting
issuance expenses payable by the Depositor estimated to be $ .
The Offered Notes purchased by each Underwriter are offered by such
Underwriter, subject to prior sale, when, as and if delivered to and accepted
by such Underwriter and subject to certain other conditions. The Underwriters
reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify such offer and to reject any
order in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of the Offered Notes
will be made only in book-entry form through the facilities of The Depository
Trust Company, on or about , 199 against payment therefor in immediately
available funds.
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES [OTHER UNDERWRITER]
The date of this Prospectus Supplement is , 199
<PAGE>
Payments on the Notes will be made on the 25th day of each month or, if such
day is not a Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day (each, a
"DISTRIBUTION DATE"), beginning in 199 . The Notes will be secured by
the assets of the Trust pursuant to the Indenture. With respect to each
Accrual Period (as defined herein), interest on the Classes of Offered Notes
(other than the Class A-1 Notes) will accrue at the above-specified fixed
interest rates per annum. Interest will accrue on the Class A-1 Notes during
the initial Accrual Period at a rate of approximately % per annum and
thereafter at a per annum rate equal to LIBOR (as defined herein) for the
related Accrual Period plus %, subject to a maximum rate equal to the Net
Weighted Average Rate (as defined herein). On each Distribution Date, the
holders of the Notes will be entitled to receive, from and to the extent that
funds are available therefor in the Note Distribution Account, distributions
with respect to interest and principal calculated as described herein under
"Description of the Offered Notes--Distributions on the Offered Notes."
Payments of interest and principal on the Class M-1 and Class M-2 Notes (the
"MEZZANINE NOTES") will be subordinated in priority to payments of interest
and principal, respectively, on the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4
and Class A-5 Notes (collectively, the "CLASS A NOTES") and to payments of
interest on the Class X-1 Notes (collectively with the Class A Notes, the
"SENIOR NOTES") as described herein. Payments on the Class B Notes will be
subordinated in priority to payments due on the Senior Notes and Mezzanine
Notes to the extent described herein. Payments on the Class B-2 Notes and the
Residual Interest Certificates will be subordinated in priority to payments
due on the Senior Notes, Mezzanine Notes and Class B-1 Notes to the extent
described herein.
The Offered Notes initially will be represented by notes registered in the
name of Cede & Co., as nominee of The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), as
further described herein, which will be the "holders" of such Notes, as such
term is used herein. The interests of beneficial owners of the Offered Notes
will be represented by book entries on the records of DTC and the
participating members of DTC. Definitive notes will be available for the
Offered Notes only under limited circumstances. See "Description of the
Offered Notes--General" herein, "Risk Factors--Owners of Book-Entry Securities
Not Entitled to Exercise Rights of Holders of Securities" and "Description of
the Securities--Book-Entry Registration and Definitive Securities" in the
Prospectus.
The yields to maturity of any Offered Notes may vary from the anticipated
yields to the extent such Offered Notes are purchased at a discount or a
premium and to the extent the rate and timing of payments thereof are
sensitive to the rate and timing of principal payments (including prepayments)
of the Loans. Prospective purchasers of the Offered Notes should consider, in
the case of any Offered Notes to be purchased at a discount, the risk that a
lower than anticipated rate of principal payments could result in an actual
yield that is lower than the anticipated yield and, in the case of any Offered
Notes to be purchased at a premium, the risk that a faster than anticipated
rate of principal payments could result in an actual yield that is lower than
the anticipated yield.
To the extent statements contained herein do not relate to historical or
current information, this Prospectus Supplement may be deemed to consist of
forward looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that may
adversely affect the distributions to be made on, or the yield of, the Offered
Notes, which risks and uncertainties are discussed under "Risk Factors" and
"Certain Prepayment and Yield Considerations" herein. As a consequence, no
assurance can be given as to the actual distributions on, or the yield of, any
Class of Offered Notes.
There is currently no secondary market for the Offered Notes. The
Underwriters intend to make a secondary market in the Offered Notes, but are
not obligated to do so. There can be no assurance that a secondary market for
the Offered Notes will develop or, if it does develop, that it will continue.
The Offered Notes will not be listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly,
the liquidity of the Offered Notes may be limited.
S-2
<PAGE>
THE OFFERED NOTES CONSTITUTE PART OF A SEPARATE SERIES OF NOTES ISSUED BY
THE DEPOSITOR AND ARE BEING OFFERED PURSUANT TO THE PROSPECTUS DATED ,
199 , OF WHICH THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT IS A PART AND WHICH ACCOMPANIES THIS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT. THE PROSPECTUS CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING
THIS OFFERING WHICH IS NOT CONTAINED HEREIN, AND PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE
URGED TO READ THE PROSPECTUS AND THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT IN FULL. SALES OF
THE OFFERED NOTES MAY NOT BE CONSUMMATED UNLESS THE PURCHASER HAS RECEIVED
BOTH THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS.
CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN THIS OFFERING MAY ENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS
THAT MAINTAIN OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE PRICE OF THE OFFERED NOTES, INCLUDING
SHORT-COVERING TRANSACTIONS IN THE OFFERED NOTES, AND THE IMPOSITION OF
PENALTY BIDS. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES, SEE "METHOD OF
DISTRIBUTION."
UNTIL NINETY DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, ALL DEALERS
EFFECTING TRANSACTIONS IN THE OFFERED NOTES, WHETHER OR NOT PARTICIPATING IN
THIS DISTRIBUTION, MAY BE REQUIRED TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE
PROSPECTUS TO WHICH IT RELATES. THIS DELIVERY REQUIREMENT IS IN ADDITION TO
THE OBLIGATION OF DEALERS TO DELIVER A PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND PROSPECTUS
WHEN ACTING AS UNDERWRITERS AND WITH RESPECT TO THEIR UNSOLD ALLOTMENTS OR
SUBSCRIPTIONS
S-3
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SUMMARY................................................................... S-6
RISK FACTORS.............................................................. S-19
Prepayment May Adversely Affect Yield................................... S-19
Credit Enhancement is Limited in Amount................................. S-20
Geographic Concentration May Increase the Potential for Losses Because
of Adverse Economic Conditions or Natural Disasters.................... S-21
Inability to Acquire Subsequent Loans Will Increase Prepayments......... S-22
Inadequacy of the Mortgaged Properties as Security for the Mortgage
Loans May Result in Loss............................................... S-23
Unsecured Loans May Not be Collectible.................................. S-23
Realization Upon Defaulted Mortgage Loans............................... S-23
Value of Mortgaged Property May be Insufficient to Cover Loans,
Resulting in Loss Upon Sale............................................ S-24
Recent Origination of Loans............................................. S-24
No Servicer Delinquency Advances........................................ S-24
Bankruptcy of Asset Seller May Delay or Reduce Collectors on Mortgage
Loans.................................................................. S-25
Bankruptcy of Borrower May Affect Auditing to Collect on Loans Which are
Junior Liens........................................................... S-25
Effects of Failure to Comply With Certain Federal and State Loans S-25
Increased Losses May Result From Limitations on Repurchase or
Replacement of Defective Loans by Asset Seller......................... S-26
THE POOL.................................................................. S-26
General................................................................. S-26
Payments on the Loans................................................... S-27
Characteristics of the Loans............................................ S-27
Loan Statistics......................................................... S-28
Conveyance of Subsequent Loans.......................................... S-31
[ASSET SELLER AND SERVICER]............................................... S-31
General................................................................. S-31
Servicing Procedures.................................................... S-31
Underwriting Criteria................................................... S-32
Repurchase or Substitution of Loans..................................... S-32
Delinquency Experience.................................................. S-33
CERTAIN PREPAYMENT AND YIELD CONSIDERATIONS............................... S-35
Excess Spread and Reduction of Overcollateralization Amount............. S-38
Reinvestment Risk....................................................... S-39
Maturity Dates.......................................................... S-39
Weighted Average Lives of the Offered Notes............................. S-39
THE TRUST................................................................. S-44
General................................................................. S-44
The Owner Trustee....................................................... S-44
DESCRIPTION OF THE OFFERED NOTES.......................................... S-45
General................................................................. S-45
Distributions on the Offered Notes...................................... S-45
Priority of Distributions............................................... S-47
Related Definitions..................................................... S-48
Application of Allocable Loss Amounts................................... S-52
Pre-Funding Account..................................................... S-53
Capitalized Interest Account............................................ S-53
Optional Termination of the Trust....................................... S-53
</TABLE>
S-4
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT ENHANCEMENT......................................... S-54
Subordination and Allocation of Losses.................................. S-54
Overcollateralization................................................... S-55
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSFER AND SERVICING AGREEMENTS...................... S-56
Sale and Assignment of the Loans........................................ S-56
Representations and Warranties.......................................... S-56
Trust Fees and Expenses................................................. S-57
Servicing............................................................... S-57
Collection Account, Note Distribution Account and Certificate
Distribution Account................................................... S-57
Income from Accounts.................................................... S-58
Collection and Other Servicing Procedures for Loans..................... S-58
Insurance............................................................... S-58
Realization upon Defaulted Mortgage Loans............................... S-59
Evidence as to Compliance............................................... S-59
Certain Matters Regarding the Servicer.................................. S-59
Rights of Noteholders Upon Occurrence of Event of Default............... S-60
Servicer Events of Default.............................................. S-60
The Owner Trustee and Indenture Trustee................................. S-61
Duties of the Owner Trustee and Indenture Trustee....................... S-62
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES........................................... S-63
Classification of Investment Arrangement................................ S-63
Taxation of Holders..................................................... S-63
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting............................ S-64
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... S-65
General................................................................. S-65
Prohibited Transactions................................................. S-65
Review by Plan Fiduciaries.............................................. S-66
LEGAL INVESTMENT.......................................................... S-67
USE OF PROCEEDS........................................................... S-67
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION.................................................... S-68
SECONDARY MARKET.......................................................... S-69
LEGAL MATTERS............................................................. S-69
RATINGS................................................................... S-69
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS.................................................... S-71
</TABLE>
S-5
<PAGE>
SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
detailed information appearing elsewhere herein and in the Prospectus.
Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein have the
meanings assigned in the Prospectus. Reference is made to the "Index of Defined
Terms" beginning on page herein and the "Index of Defined Terms" in the
Prospectus.
Issuer...................... [ ] Home Loan Owner Trust 199 --(the "TRUST"
or the "ISSUER"), a Delaware business trust, will
be established pursuant to a trust agreement
dated as of , 199 (the "DEPOSIT TRUST
AGREEMENT"), among the Depositor, the Owner
Trustee and .
Depositor................... ACE Securities Corp. (the "DEPOSITOR"), a
Delaware corporation. See "The Depositor" in the
Prospectus and "Method of Distribution" herein.
Neither the Depositor nor any of its affiliates
or any other person or entity will insure or
guarantee or otherwise be obligated with respect
to the Offered Notes.
Asset Seller and Servicer... (" "), a corporation. Pursuant to
a Home Loan Purchase Agreement dated as of ,
199 (the "HOME LOAN PURCHASE AGREEMENT"),
between and the Depositor, (in such
capacity, the "ASSET SELLER") will sell the Loans
to the Depositor. Pursuant to a Sale and
Servicing Agreement to be dated as of , 199
(the "SALE AND SERVICING AGREEMENT") among the
Trust, the Depositor, and the Indenture
Trustee, the Depositor will sell the Loans to the
Trust. will service the Loans (in such
capacity, the "SERVICER") pursuant to the Sale
and Servicing Agreement.
Indenture Trustee,
Custodian and , a national banking association, as the
Administrator............... indenture trustee (in such capacity, the
"INDENTURE TRUSTEE") under an Indenture to be
dated as of , 199 (the "INDENTURE") between
the Trust and the Indenture Trustee, as the
custodian (the "CUSTODIAN") under the Custodial
Agreement to be dated as of , 199 among the
Owner Trustee, the Indenture Trustee and the
Custodian and as the administrator (in such
capacity, the "ADMINISTRATOR") under the
Administration Agreement to be dated as of ,
199 (the "ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT") among the
Issuer, the Administrator and the Servicer.
Owner Trustee............... , a banking corporation, as owner
trustee under the Deposit Trust Agreement (the
"OWNER TRUSTEE").
Closing Date................ , 199 .
S-6
<PAGE>
Cut-Off Date................ The close of business on , 199 .
Distribution Date........... The 25th day of each month or, if such day is not
a Business Day, the next succeeding Business Day,
commencing in , 199 (each, a "DISTRIBUTION
DATE").
Due Period.................. With respect to a Distribution Date, the calendar
month immediately preceding such Distribution
Date (each, a "DUE PERIOD").
Determination Date.......... The 14th calendar day of each month or, if such
day is not a Business Day, the immediately
preceding Business Day (each, a "DETERMINATION
DATE").
Record Date................. The last Business Day of the month immediately
preceding the month in which each Distribution
Date occurs (each, a "RECORD DATE").
Securities Issued:
The Notes.................. The Trust will issue the Classes of Notes
pursuant to the Indenture in the respective
aggregate initial principal amounts specified on
the cover hereof, with respect to the Offered
Notes and $ with respect to the Class B-2
Notes (each such aggregate principal amount being
the "ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE" for the related
Class). The Class X-1 Notes will initially have a
Notional Amount (as defined herein) of $ , but
will have no Original Security Balance. The Notes
will be secured by the assets of the Trust
pursuant to the Indenture and, except as
described herein, will be senior in right of
payment to the Residual Interest Certificates. In
addition, as described herein, the Class A-1,
Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4 and Class A-5
Notes (collectively, the "CLASS A NOTES") and
Class X-1 Notes (collectively with the Class A
Notes the "SENIOR NOTES") will also be senior in
right of payment to the Class M-1 and Class M-2
Notes (the "MEZZANINE NOTES") and the Class B-1
and Class B-2 Notes (the "CLASS B NOTES"). The
Class B-2 Notes and the Class X-1 Notes will be
privately placed and will not be offered hereby.
The Class X-1 Notes may be issued in two or more
subclasses. Interest will accrue for the
applicable Accrual Period on the Classes of
Offered Notes (except the Class A-1 Notes) at the
respective interest rates per annum set forth on
the cover hereof, on the Class A-1 Notes at a
rate per annum equal to LIBOR (as defined herein)
for the related Accrual Period plus %, subject
to a maximum rate equal to the Net Weighted
Average Rate, on the Class B-2 Notes at % per
annum and on the Class X-1 Notes at % per annum
(as to each such Class, the "INTEREST RATE").
Interest on the Class A-1 Notes will be
calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and the
actual number of
S-7
<PAGE>
days elapsed in each Accrual Period. Interest on
the other Classes of Notes will be calculated on
the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve
30-day months. See "Description of the Offered
Notes--Distributions on the Offered Notes"
herein.
Residual Interest The Trust also will issue certificates evidencing
Certificates................ the residual interest in the assets of the Trust
(the "RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATES" ), which
are not being offered hereby. The Residual
Interest Certificates will have no Security
Balance and will be subordinate in right of
payment to the Notes.
Priority of Distributions:
Regular Distribution The Regular Distribution Amount (as defined
Amount...................... herein) will be distributed on each Distribution
Date in the following order of priority:
(i) to pay accrued and unpaid interest on the
Senior Notes PRO RATA;
(ii) sequentially, to pay accrued and unpaid
interest on the Class M-1 Notes, the Class
M-2 Notes, the Class B-1 Notes and the Class
B-2 Notes, in that order;
(iii) sequentially, to pay as principal of the
Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4
and Class A-5 Notes, in that order, until
the respective Security Balances thereof
are reduced to zero, the amount necessary
to reduce the aggregate Security Balance of
such Senior Notes to the Senior Optimal
Principal Balance for such Distribution
Date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that on each
Distribution Date occurring on or after any
reduction of the Security Balances of the
Class M-1 Notes, Class M-2 Notes, Class B-1
Notes and Class B-2 Notes to zero through
the application of Allocable Loss Amounts,
distributions shall be made among the then
outstanding Class A Notes PRO RATA and not
sequentially, until the respective Security
Balances thereof are reduced to zero;
(iv) sequentially, to pay as principal of the
Class M-1 and Class M-2 Notes, in that
order, until the Security Balances thereof
are reduced to the Class M-1 Optimal
Principal Balance and Class M-2 Optimal
Principal Balance, respectively;
(v) sequentially, to pay as principal of the
Class B-1 and the Class B-2 Notes, in that
order, until the Security Balances thereof
are reduced to the Class B-1 Optimal
Principal Balance and Class B-2 Optimal
Principal Balance, respectively;
(vi) to the Class M-1 Notes, the Class M-2 Notes,
the Class B-1 Notes and the Class B-2 Notes,
in that order, their respective Loss
Reimbursement Deficiencies, if any; and
S-8
<PAGE>
(vii) any remaining amount to the Residual
Interest Certificates.
The Class X-1 Notes are "interest only" Notes and
will receive no distributions in respect of
principal.
Excess Spread.............. The Excess Spread (as defined herein) will be
distributed on each Distribution Date in the
following order of priority (after giving effect
to all distributions specified above under "--
REGULAR DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT" ): (i) in an amount
equal to the Overcollateralization Deficiency
Amount, if any, as follows: (A) sequentially, as
principal of the Class A-1, Class A-2, Class A-3,
Class A-4 and Class A-5 Notes, in that order,
until the respective Security Balances thereof
are reduced to zero, the amount necessary to
reduce the aggregate Security Balance of such
Senior Notes to the Senior Optimal Principal
Balance; (B) sequentially, as principal of the
Class M-1 and Class M-2 Notes, in that order,
until the respective Security Balances thereof
are reduced to the Class M-1 Optimal Principal
Balance and Class M-2 Optimal Principal Balance,
respectively; and (C) sequentially, as principal
of the Class B-1 and Class B-2 Notes, in that
order, until the respective Security Balances
thereof are reduced to the Class B-1 Optimal
Principal Balance and Class B-2 Optimal Principal
Balance, respectively; (ii) sequentially, to the
Class M-1 Notes, the Class M-2 Notes, the Class
B-1 and the Class B-2 Notes, in that order, their
respective Loss Reimbursement Deficiencies, if
any; and (iii) any remaining amount to the
Residual Interest Certificates.
Maturity Date............... The Security Balance of, and all accrued and
unpaid interest on, each Class of Offered Notes,
to the extent not previously paid, will be
payable in full on the applicable maturity date
specified below (as to each Class, the "MATURITY
DATE" ), although the actual final Distribution
Date for each Class of Notes may occur earlier
than the applicable Maturity Date. See "Certain
Prepayment and Yield Considerations--Maturity
Dates" herein.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS MATURITY DATE
----- -------------
<S> <C>
A-1............................................ [ ]
A-2............................................ [ ]
A-3............................................ [ ]
A-4............................................ [ ]
A-5............................................ [ ]
M-1............................................ [ ]
M-2............................................ [ ]
B-1............................................ [ ]
</TABLE>
S-9
<PAGE>
Form and Registration of
the Offered Notes........... The Offered Notes will be issued only in book-
entry form. Persons acquiring beneficial
ownership interests in the Offered Notes
("BENEFICIAL OWNERS") will hold such Offered
Notes through the book-entry facilities of The
Depository Trust Company ("DTC"). Transfers
within DTC will be in accordance with the usual
rules and operating procedures of DTC. So long as
each Class of Offered Notes is in book-entry
form, each such Class of Offered Notes will be
evidenced by one or more notes registered in the
name of the nominee of DTC. The interests of such
Beneficial Owners will be represented by book-
entries on the records of DTC and participating
members thereof. No Security Owner will be
entitled to receive a definitive note
representing such person's interest, except in
the event that definitive notes are issued under
the limited circumstances described herein. All
references in this Prospectus Supplement to any
Class of Offered Notes reflect the rights of the
Beneficial Owners of such Class only as such
rights may be exercised through DTC and its
participating members so long as such Class of
Offered Notes is held by DTC. See "Risk Factors--
Owners of Book Securities Not Entitled to
Exercise Rights of Holders of Securities" and
"Description of the Securities--Book-Entry
Registration and Definitive Securities" in the
Prospectus. The Beneficial Owners' interests in
each Class of Offered Notes will be held only in
minimum denominations of $ and integral
multiples of $ in excess thereof.
Assets of the Trust......... On the Closing Date, the Trust is expected to
purchase closed-end, fixed-rate home loans (the
"INITIAL LOANS") having an aggregate unpaid
principal balance as of the Cut-Off Date of
approximately $ (the "ORIGINAL POOL PRINCIPAL
BALANCE") pursuant to the Sale and Servicing
Agreement. On or prior to , 199 , the Trust
may purchase additional loans (the "SUBSEQUENT
LOANS" and, together with the Initial Loans, the
"LOANS") having an aggregate unpaid balance of up
to $ (the "ORIGINAL PRE-FUNDED AMOUNT").
The assets of the Trust will consist primarily of
a pool (the "POOL") of Loans which are either
secured by mortgages, deeds of trust or other
similar security instruments (the "MORTGAGES") or
unsecured. The assets of the Trust also will
include (i) payments of principal and interest
received in respect of the Loans after the Cut-
Off Date; (ii) amounts on deposit in the
Collection Account, Note Distribution Account,
Pre-Funding Account, Capitalized Interest Account
and Certificate Distribution Account; (iii) the
S-10
<PAGE>
assignment of all rights of the Depositor under
the Home Loan Purchase Agreement; and (iv)
certain other ancillary or incidental funds,
rights and properties related to the foregoing.
See "The Trust--General" herein. The Trust will
include the unpaid principal balance of each Loan
as of the Cut-Off Date (the "CUT-OFF DATE
PRINCIPAL BALANCE"). The "PRINCIPAL BALANCE" of a
Loan on any day subsequent to the Cut-Off Date is
equal to its Cut-Off Date Principal Balance minus
all principal reductions credited against the
Principal Balance of such Loan since the Cut-Off
Date, including any principal losses reported by
the Servicer on account of a modification of such
Loan. With respect to any date, the "POOL
PRINCIPAL BALANCE" will be equal to the aggregate
of the Principal Balances of the Loans as of such
date.
The Loans................... All of the Loans will be closed-end, fixed-rate
home loans which are not insured or guaranteed by
any governmental agency and the related proceeds
of which were used to (i) finance property
improvements, (ii) finance the acquisition of
personal property such as home appliances or
furnishings, (iii) finance debt consolidation,
(iv) finance the partial refinancing of
residential properties, (v) provide cash to the
borrower for unspecified purposes or (vi) a
combination of the foregoing. The Loans may be
(i) secured (the "MORTGAGE LOANS") by liens on
residential properties (I.E., one-to four-family
residences, condominium units and townhouses,
including investment properties) (the "MORTGAGED
PROPERTIES") that are generally junior (I.E.,
second or third) in priority to one or more
senior liens on the related Mortgaged Properties
or (ii) unsecured (the "UNSECURED LOANS"). The
Loans will not be insured by primary mortgage
insurance policies or any pool insurance policy
or any financial guaranty policy. Moreover, the
Loans will not be guaranteed by the Asset Seller,
the Depositor or any of their respective
affiliates. A substantial majority of the Loans
will be either Mortgage Loans secured by liens on
Mortgaged Properties in which the borrowers have
little or no equity therein (I.E., the related
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios exceed 100%) at the
time of origination of such Loans or Unsecured
Loans. See "The Pool" herein and "Description of
the Trust Funds" in the Prospectus.
"COMBINED LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO" means, with
respect to any Loan, the fraction, expressed as a
percentage, the numerator of which is the
principal balance of such Loan at origination
plus, in the case of a junior lien Loan, the
aggregate outstanding principal balance of the
related senior lien loans on the date of
origination of such Loan,
S-11
<PAGE>
and the denominator of which is the value of the
related Mortgaged Property at the time of
origination of such Loan (as such value is
determined in a manner described herein under
"[Asset Seller and Servicer]--Underwriting
Criteria").
The Asset Seller will be obligated either (i) to
repurchase any Loan as to which a representation
or warranty has been breached, which breach
remains uncured for a period of 60 days and has a
materially adverse effect on the value of such
Loan or the interests of the holders of the
Securities therein (a "DEFECTIVE LOAN"), or (ii)
to remove such Defective Loan and substitute a
Qualified Substitute Loan. As used herein, a
"QUALIFIED SUBSTITUTE LOAN" will have
characteristics that are generally the same as or
substantially similar to the characteristics of
the Loan which it replaces. The repurchase of any
Loan (rather than the replacement thereof through
substitution) will result in accelerated payments
of principal distributions on the Offered Notes.
See "[Asset Seller and Servicer]--Repurchase or
Substitution of Loans" and "Certain Prepayment
and Yield Considerations" herein.
Credit Enhancement.......... Credit enhancement with respect to the Offered
Notes will be provided by (i) the subordination
of the right of the Residual Interest
Certificates and of certain Classes of Notes to
receive distributions with respect to interest
and principal to the extent described below and
(ii) the overcollateralization feature described
below. See "Risk Factors--Credit Enhancement is
Limited in Amount" herein.
Subordination............... The rights of the holders of the Class M-1 Notes
to receive distributions of interest on each
Distribution Date will generally be subordinated
to such rights of the holders of the Senior
Notes, the rights of the holders of the Class M-2
Notes to receive distributions of interest on
each Distribution Date will generally be
subordinated to such rights of the holders of the
Class M-1 Notes and the Senior Notes, the rights
of the holders of the Class B-1 Notes to receive
distributions of interest on each Distribution
Date will generally be subordinated to such
rights of the holders of the Senior Notes and the
Mezzanine Notes and the rights of the holders of
the Class B-2 Notes to receive distributions of
interest on each Distribution Date will generally
be subordinated to such rights of the holders of
the Senior Notes, the Mezzanine Notes and the
Class B-1 Notes. In addition, the rights of the
holders of the Class M-1 Notes to receive
distributions of principal on each Distribution
Date will generally be subordinated to the rights
of the holders of the Senior
S-12
<PAGE>
Notes to receive distributions of interest and
principal on each Distribution Date, and the
rights of the holders of the Class M-2 Notes to
receive distributions of principal on each
Distribution Date will generally be subordinated
to the rights of the holders of the Senior Notes
and the Class M-1 Notes to receive distributions
of interest and principal on each Distribution
Date. The rights of the holders of the Class B-1
Notes to receive distributions of principal on
each Distribution Date will generally be
subordinated to the rights of the holders of the
Senior Notes and the Mezzanine Notes to receive
distributions of interest and principal on each
Distribution Date. The rights of the holders of
the Class B-2 Notes to receive distributions of
principal on each Distribution Date will
generally be subordinated to the rights of the
holders of the Senior Notes, the Mezzanine Notes
and the Class B-1 Notes to receive distributions
of interest and principal on each Distribution
Date. In addition, the rights of the holders of
the Residual Interest Certificates to receive any
distributions from amounts available on each
Distribution Date will be subordinated to such
rights of the holders of the Offered Notes and
the Class B-2 Notes. The subordination described
above is intended to enhance the likelihood of
receipt by the holders of the Offered Notes of
the full amount of interest and principal
distributions due to such holders and to afford
such holders protection against losses on the
Loans. The subordination of the Class B-2 Notes
and the Residual Interest Certificates to the
Class B-1 Notes is intended to enhance the
likelihood of receipt by the holders of the Class
B-1 Notes of the full amount of interest and
principal distributions due to such holders and
to afford such holders protection against losses
on the Loans. See "Description of Credit
Enhancement--Subordination and Allocation of
Losses" herein.
Overcollateralization....... As of any date of determination, the
"OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT" will equal the
excess of the sum of the Pool Principal Balance
and the Pre-Funded Amount over the aggregate of
the Security Balances of the Notes. On the
Closing Date, the Overcollateralization Amount
will be zero. As a result of the application of
Excess Spread in reduction of the Security
Balances of the Notes, the Overcollateralization
Amount is expected to increase over time until
such amount is equal to the Overcollateralization
Target Amount.
Generally, the "OVERCOLLATERALIZATION TARGET
AMOUNT" prior to the Stepdown Date will be equal
to the greater of (x) % of the Original Pool
Principal Balance and the
S-13
<PAGE>
Original Pre-Funded Amount and (y) the Net
Delinquency Calculation Amount (as defined
herein); on and after the Stepdown Date, the
Overcollateralization Target Amount will be equal
to the greater of (x) % of the Pool Principal
Balance as of the end of the related Due Period
and (y) the Net Delinquency Calculation Amount.
The Overcollateralization Target Amount will not
in any event be less than % of the sum of the
Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original
Pre-Funded Amount or greater than the outstanding
Security Balances of the Notes.
While the distribution of Excess Spread to
holders of the Offered Notes in reduction of
their respective Security Balances has been
designed to produce and maintain a given level of
overcollateralization with respect to the Offered
Notes, there can be no assurance that Excess
Spread will be generated in sufficient amounts to
ensure that such overcollateralization level will
be achieved or maintained at all times. While the
Class A-1 Notes are outstanding, any increase in
LIBOR will decrease the amount of Excess Spread
for the related Distribution Date. See
"Description of Credit Enhancement--Subordination
and Allocation of Losses" and "Risk Factors--
Adequacy of Credit Enhancement" herein.
Application of Allocable
Loss Amounts................
In the event that (a) the aggregate of the
Security Balances of all Classes of Notes on any
Distribution Date (after giving effect to all
distributions on such date) exceeds (b) the Pool
Principal Balance as of the end of the
immediately preceding Due Period (such excess, an
"ALLOCABLE LOSS AMOUNT"), such Allocable Loss
Amount will be applied, sequentially, in
reduction of the Security Balances of the Class
B-2 Notes, the Class B-1 Notes, the Class M-2
Notes and the Class M-1 Notes, in that order,
until the respective Security Balances thereof
have been reduced to zero. Allocable Loss Amounts
will not be applied in reduction of the Security
Balance of any Class of Senior Notes. Allocable
Loss Amounts applied to any applicable Class of
Offered Notes will entitle such Class to
reimbursement (such entitlement, a "LOSS
REIMBURSEMENT DEFICIENCY") under the
circumstances and to the extent described herein.
See "Description of the Offered Notes--
Application of Allocable Loss Amounts" herein.
Fees and Expenses of the On each Distribution Date, prior to distributions
Trust....................... on the Notes, amounts from the Available
Collection Amount (as defined herein) will be
distributed to pay the following periodic fees:
(1) the unpaid and accrued fees of the
S-14
<PAGE>
Servicer (the "SERVICING COMPENSATION"), (2) the
unpaid and accrued fees of the Indenture Trustee
(the "INDENTURE TRUSTEE FEE"), (3) the unpaid and
accrued fees of the Owner Trustee (the "OWNER
TRUSTEE FEE") and (4) the unpaid and accrued fees
of the Custodian (the "CUSTODIAN FEE")
(collectively, the "TRUST FEES AND EXPENSES").
Pre-Funding Account.........
On the Closing Date, $ will be deposited in an
account (the "PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT"), which
account is in the name of the Indenture Trustee
and is part of the Trust and will be used only to
acquire Subsequent Loans. During the Pre-Funding
Period (as defined below), the amount on deposit
in the Pre-Funding Account (net of investment
earnings thereon) (the "PRE-FUNDED AMOUNT") will
be reduced by the amount thereof used to purchase
Subsequent Loans in accordance with the Sale and
Servicing Agreement. The "PRE-FUNDING PERIOD" is
the period commencing on the Closing Date and
ending generally on the earlier to occur of (i)
the date on which the amount on deposit in the
Pre-Funding Account (net of any investment
earnings thereon) is less than $ and (ii)
, 199 . On the Distribution Date following
the Due Period in which the termination of the
Pre-Funding Period occurs, if the Pre-Funded
Amount at the end of the Pre-Funding Period is
less than $ , any such Pre-Funded Amount will
be distributed to holders of the Classes of Notes
then entitled to receive principal on such
Distribution Date in reduction of the related
Security Balances, thus resulting in a partial
redemption of the related Notes on such date. On
the Distribution Date following the Due Period in
which the termination of the Pre-Funding Period
occurs, if the Pre-Funded Amount at the end of
the Pre-Funding Period is greater than or equal
to $ (such event, a "PRE-FUNDING DISTRIBUTION
TRIGGER"), such Pre-Funded Amount will be
distributed to the holders of all Classes of
Offered Notes and the Class B-2 Notes, PRO RATA,
based on the respective Original Security
Balances thereof.
Capitalized Interest On the Closing Date, a portion of the sales
Account..................... proceeds of the Notes will be deposited in an
account (the "CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT") for
application by the Indenture Trustee on the
Distribution Dates in 199 , 199 ,
199 and 199 to cover shortfalls in
interest on the Notes that may arise due to the
utilization of the Pre-Funding Account as
described herein. Any amounts in the Capitalized
Interest Account that are not required to cover
such interest shortfalls (and any investment
income on such amounts) will be distributed to
.
S-15
<PAGE>
Optional Termination........ The holders of Residual Interest Certificates
exceeding in the aggregate a 50% percentage
interest therein (the "MAJORITY RESIDUAL
INTERESTHOLDERS") may, at their option, effect an
early termination of the Trust on or after any
Distribution Date on which the Pool Principal
Balance declines to 10% or less of the sum of the
Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original
Pre-Funded Amount (the first such Distribution
Date, the "CLEAN-UP CALL DATE"), by purchasing
all of the Loans at a price equal to or greater
than the Termination Price. The proceeds from any
such sale will be distributed (i) first, to the
payment of Trust Fees and Expenses, (ii) second,
to the Servicer for unreimbursed Servicing
Advances including such Servicing Advances deemed
to be nonrecoverable, (iii) third, to the holders
of each Class of Notes in an amount equal to the
then outstanding Security Balance thereof plus
all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, or in
the case of Class X-1 Notes, all accrued and
unpaid interest on their Notional Amount, and
(iv) fourth, to the holders of the Residual
Interest Certificates, the amount remaining, if
any, after the distributions specified in clauses
(i)-(iii) above. See "Description of the Offered
Notes--Optional Termination of the Trust" herein.
Servicing of the Loans...... The Servicer will perform the loan servicing
functions with respect to the Loans pursuant to
the Sale and Servicing Agreement and will be
entitled to receive a fee (the "SERVICING FEE")
and other servicing compensation (together with
the Servicing Fee, the "SERVICING COMPENSATION"),
payable monthly, as described herein (See
"Description of the Transfer and Servicing
Agreements--Servicing" herein). The Servicer may
subcontract its servicing obligations and duties
with respect to the Loans to qualified servicers
pursuant to a subservicing agreement (each such
servicer, in this capacity, a "SUBSERVICER"). As
of the Closing Date, the Servicer will not have
subcontracted its servicing obligations and
duties with respect to any of the Loans. The
Servicer will not be relieved of its servicing
obligations and duties with respect to any
subserviced Loans. In addition, the Servicer will
be responsible for paying the fees of any such
Subservicer.
Tax Status.................. In the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft,
special counsel to the Depositor and the
Underwriters, for federal income tax purposes,
the Offered Notes will be treated as debt and the
Trust will not be characterized as an association
(or a publicly traded partnership) taxable as a
corporation or a taxable mortgage pool for
federal income tax purposes. Each holder of a
Note, by the acceptance of
S-16
<PAGE>
an Offered Note, will agree to treat the Offered
Notes as indebtedness for federal income tax
purposes. It is anticipated that the Offered
Notes will not be issued with original issue
discount for federal income tax purposes. The
prepayment assumption that will be used for the
purpose of computing original issue discount for
federal income tax purposes is 100% of the
Prepayment Assumption. See "Federal Income Tax
Consequences" herein in the Prospectus for
additional information concerning the application
of federal income tax laws to the Trust and the
Offered Notes.
ERISA....................... A fiduciary of an employee benefit plan or other
retirement plan or arrangement subject to Title I
of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, as amended ("ERISA") or Section 4975 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
"CODE"), should carefully review with its legal
advisors whether the purchase or holding of the
Offered Notes could give rise to a transaction
prohibited or not otherwise permissible under
ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. Subject to the
conditions set forth herein, the Offered Notes
may, in general, be purchased by and on behalf of
such plans and arrangements. See "ERISA
Considerations" herein and in the Prospectus.
Legal Investment............ The Offered Notes will not constitute "mortgage
related securities" for purposes of the Secondary
Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as
amended ("SMMEA"), because substantially all of
the Loans are either unsecured or secured by
Mortgages that are not first mortgages. The
appropriate characterization of the Offered Notes
under various legal investment restrictions, and
thus the ability of investors subject to these
restrictions to purchase the Offered Notes, may
be subject to significant interpretative
uncertainties. Accordingly, investors should
consult their own legal advisors to determine
whether and to what extent the Offered Notes
constitute legal investments for them. See "Legal
Investment" herein and in the Prospectus.
Ratings of the Offered It is a condition to the issuance of the Offered
Notes....................... Notes that each of the Class A Notes be rated
" " by (" ") and (" " and
together with , the "RATING AGENCIES"), and
that the Class M-1 Notes be rated " ", the
Class M-2 Notes be rated " " and the Class B-1
Notes be rated " " by and . A
security rating does not address the frequency of
principal prepayments or the corresponding effect
on yield to holders of the
S-17
<PAGE>
Offered Notes. The security rating does not
address the ability of the Trust to acquire
Subsequent Loans, any potential redemption with
respect thereto or the effect on yield resulting
therefrom. None of the Depositor, Asset Seller,
Servicer, Indenture Trustee, Owner Trustee or any
other person is obligated to maintain the rating
on any Class of Offered Notes.
S-18
<PAGE>
RISK FACTORS
Prospective investors in the Offered Notes should consider, among other
things, the factors discussed under "Risk Factors" in the Prospectus and the
following factors in connection with the purchase of Offered Notes. These
factors are intended to identify certain significant sources of risk affecting
an investment in the Offered Notes. Unless the context indicates otherwise,
any numerical or statistical information presented is based upon the
characteristics of the Loans proposed to be included in the Pool as of the
date of this Prospectus Supplement.
PREPAYMENTS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT YIELD
The rates of principal payments on the Offered Notes and the aggregate
amount of distributions and yields to maturity of the Offered Notes will be
related to, among other things, the rate and timing of payments of principal
on the Loans. The rate of principal payments on the Loans will in turn be
affected by the amortization of the Loans and by the rate of principal
prepayments thereon (including for this purpose, prepayments resulting from
(i) refinancing, (ii) liquidations of the Loans due to defaults, casualties
and condemnations, (iii) repurchases by the Asset Seller as required pursuant
to the Home Loan Purchase Agreement), and (iv) amounts remaining in the Pre-
Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period that are not used to
acquire Subsequent Loans. Generally, if prevailing interest rates on similar
loans fall significantly below the interest rates on the Loans, the Loans may
be subject to higher prepayment rates than if prevailing rates remain at or
above the interest rates on the Loans. Conversely, if prevailing interest
rates rise significantly above the interest rates on the Loans, the rate of
prepayments may decrease. The Loans may be prepaid by the obligors thereunder
(the "OBLIGORS") at any time. Certain of the Loans contain prepayment penalty
provisions which generally obligate the related Obligor to pay a penalty in
connection with a prepayment of the Obligor's Loan. Substantially all of the
Mortgage Loans are subject to the "due-on-sale" provisions included therein.
Prepayments, liquidations and purchases of the Loans (including any purchase
of the remaining Loans in connection with the termination of the Trust by the
Majority Residual Interestholders) will, subject to certain conditions, result
in distributions to holders of the Offered Notes then entitled to receive
principal payments that would otherwise be distributed over the remaining
terms of such Loans. In addition, the overcollateralization provisions will
result in a limited acceleration of principal payments to the holders of the
Offered Notes. See "Description of the Offered Notes--Priority of
Distributions" herein. Since the rate of payment of principal on the Loans
will depend on future events and a variety of factors, no assurance can be
given as to such rate or the rate of principal prepayments.
All of the Loans may be prepaid by the Obligors thereunder in whole or in
part at any time. Home loans such as the Loans have been originated in
significant volume only during the past few years and none of the Asset
Seller, the Depositor or the Servicer is aware of any publicly available
studies or statistics on the rate of prepayment of such loans. The prepayment
experience of the Loans may differ significantly from that of first lien
residential mortgage loans or second lien mortgage loans with combined loan-
to-value ratios at or below 100%. The Trust's prepayment experience may be
affected by a wide variety of factors, including general economic conditions,
interest rates, the availability of alternative financing, the Combined Loan-
to-Value Ratio of the Mortgage Loans, the existence and enforceability of
prepayment penalties and homeowner mobility. In addition, substantially all of
the Mortgage Loans contain due-on-sale provisions and the Servicer intends to
enforce such provisions unless (i) the Servicer, in a manner consistent with
accepted servicing practices, permits the purchaser of the related Mortgaged
Property to assume the Mortgage Loan or (ii) such enforcement is not permitted
by applicable law. To the extent permitted by applicable law, such assumption
will not release the original borrower from its obligation under any such
Mortgage Loan. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans--Due-on-Sale
Clauses" in the Prospectus.
S-19
<PAGE>
The extent to which the yield to maturity of an Offered Note may vary from
the anticipated yield will depend upon (i) the degree to which it is purchased
at a premium or a discount, (ii) the degree to which the timing of
distributions to holders thereof is sensitive to scheduled payments,
prepayments, liquidations, defaults, delinquencies, substitutions,
modifications and repurchases of Loans and the distribution of Excess Spread
and amounts remaining in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding
Period, (iii) to the application of Allocable Loss Amounts to certain Classes
of Offered Notes as specified herein, and (iv) in the case of the Class A-1
Notes, the level of LIBOR from time to time. In the case of any Offered Note
purchased at a discount, an investor should consider the risk that a slower
than anticipated rate of principal distributions to the holders of such
Offered Note (including, without limitation, principal prepayments on the
Loans) could result in an actual yield to such investor that is lower than the
anticipated yield and, in the case of any Offered Note purchased at a premium,
the risk that a faster than anticipated rate of principal distributions to the
holders of such Offered Note (including, without limitation, principal
prepayments on the Loans) could result in an actual yield to such investor
that is lower than the anticipated yield. On each Distribution Date, until the
Overcollateralization Amount is at least equal to the Overcollateralization
Target Amount, the allocation of the Excess Spread for such Distribution Date
as an additional distribution of principal on one or more Classes of the
Offered Notes will accelerate the amortization of such Classes of the Offered
Notes relative to the amortization of the Loans. Further, in the event that
significant distributions of principal are made to holders of the Offered
Notes as a result of prepayments, liquidations, repurchases and purchases of
the Loans or distributions of Excess Spread or amounts remaining in the Pre-
Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period, there can be no
assurance that holders of the Offered Notes will be able to reinvest such
distributions in a comparable alternative investment having a comparable
yield. See "Certain Prepayment and Yield Considerations" herein and "Yield
Considerations" and "Risk Factors--Rate of Prepayments on Assets May Adversely
Affect Average Lives and Yields of Securities" and "--Priority of Payment of
Securities May Adversely Affect Average Lives and Yields of Securities" in the
Prospectus.
CREDIT ENHANCEMENT IS LIMITED IN AMOUNT
Credit enhancement with respect to the Offered Notes will be provided by (i)
the subordination of distributions in respect of the Residual Interest
Certificates and the Class B-2 Notes (as well as the subordination of certain
Classes of Offered Notes to other Classes of Offered Notes, as described
herein) and (ii) the overcollateralization feature which results from the
limited acceleration of the principal amortization of one or more Classes of
the Offered Notes relative to the amortization of the Loans by the application
of Excess Spread, as described herein. If the Loans experience higher rates of
delinquencies, defaults and losses than initially anticipated, the amounts
available from the credit enhancement may not be adequate to cover the delays
or shortfalls in distributions to the holders of the Offered Notes that result
from such higher delinquencies, defaults and losses. If the amounts available
from the credit enhancement are inadequate, the holders of the Offered Notes
will bear the risk of any delays in payments and losses.
The rights of the holders of the Class M-1 Notes to receive distributions of
interest on each Distribution Date will generally be subordinated to such
rights of the holders of the Senior Notes, the rights of the holders of the
Class M-2 Notes to receive distributions of interest on each Distribution Date
will generally be subordinated to such rights of the holders of the Class M-1
Notes and the Senior Notes, the rights of the holders of the Class B-1 Notes
to receive distributions of interest on each Distribution Date will generally
be subordinated to such rights of the holders of the Senior Notes and the
Mezzanine Notes and the rights of the holders of the Class B-2 Notes to
receive distributions of interest on each Distribution Date will generally be
subordinated to such rights of the holders of the Senior Notes, the Mezzanine
Notes and the
S-20
<PAGE>
Class B-1 Notes. In addition, the rights of the holders of the Class M-1 Notes
to receive distributions of principal on each Distribution Date will generally
be subordinated to the rights of the holders of the Senior Notes to receive
distributions of interest and principal on each Distribution Date, the rights
of the holders of the Class M-2 Notes to receive distributions of principal on
each Distribution Date will generally be subordinated to the rights of the
holders of the Senior Notes and the Class M-1 Notes to receive distributions
of interest and principal on each Distribution Date, the rights of the holders
of the Class B-1 Notes to receive distributions of principal on each
Distribution Date will generally be subordinated to the rights of the Senior
Notes and the Mezzanine Notes to receive distributions of interest and
principal on each Distribution Date and the rights of the holders of the Class
B-2 Notes to receive distributions of principal on each Distribution Date will
generally be subordinated to the rights of the Senior Notes, the Mezzanine
Notes and the Class B-1 Notes to receive distributions of interest and
principal on each Distribution Date. Consequently, the holders of the Class B-
1 Notes may receive no distributions of interest on a Distribution Date until
all amounts due on the Senior Notes and the Mezzanine Notes on account of
interest have been distributed, and may receive no distributions of principal
on a Distribution Date until all amounts due on the Senior Notes and the
Mezzanine Notes on account of interest and principal have been distributed.
See "Description of Credit Enhancement--Subordination and Allocation of
Losses" herein.
While the distribution of Excess Spread to the holders of the Offered Notes
in the manner specified herein has been designed to produce and maintain a
given level of overcollateralization with respect to the Offered Notes, there
can be no assurance that Excess Spread will be generated in sufficient amounts
to ensure that such overcollateralization level will be achieved or maintained
at all times. In particular, as a result of delinquencies on the Loans during
any Due Period, the Excess Spread that will be available on the related
Distribution Date will be reduced. Such an occurrence will cause the Security
Balances of the Offered Notes to decrease at a slower rate relative to the
Pool Principal Balance, resulting in a reduction of the Overcollateralization
Amount and, in some circumstances, an Allocable Loss Amount.
The holders of the Class B-2 Notes and the Residual Interest Certificates
will not be required to refund any amounts previously distributed to such
holders pursuant to the Transfer and Servicing Agreements (as such term is
defined herein), including any distributions of Excess Spread, regardless of
whether there are sufficient funds on a subsequent Distribution Date to pay
all amounts then payable to holders of the Offered Notes. See "Risk Factors--
Credit Support is Limited in Amount and Coverage" and "Description of Credit
Support" in the Prospectus.
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION MAY INCREASE THE POTENTIAL FOR LOSSES BECAUSE OF
ADVERSE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OR NATURAL DISASTERS
Approximately % of the Original Pool Principal Balance will consist of
Loans that either are secured by Mortgaged Properties located in or have the
related borrowers residing in the State of California. Because of the relative
geographic concentration of Mortgaged Properties and borrowers within
California, delinquencies and losses on the Loans may be higher than would be
the case if the Loans were more geographically diversified. Adverse economic
conditions, including a recession, in California (which may or may not affect
real property values) may affect the ability of the related borrowers to make
timely payments of their scheduled monthly payments of principal and interest
and, accordingly, the actual rates of delinquencies, defaults and losses on
such Loans could be higher than those currently experienced in the home
lending and consumer finance industry for similar types of loans. In addition,
with respect to the Loans secured by Mortgaged Properties located in
California, certain of such Mortgaged Properties may be more susceptible to
certain types of special hazards that are not covered by any casualty
insurance, such as earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters and major
civil disturbances, than residential properties located in other parts
S-21
<PAGE>
of the country. In general, declines in the California residential real estate
market may adversely affect the values of the Mortgaged Properties located in
California such that the outstanding principal balance of such Mortgage Loans,
together with the outstanding principal amount of any senior liens on such
Mortgaged Properties, will further increase relative to the value of such
Mortgaged Properties. Accordingly, the actual rates of defaults and losses on
such Loans secured by Mortgaged Properties located in California could be
higher than those currently experienced in the home lending and consumer
finance industry in general. See "Risk Factors-- Real Estate Conditions Affect
Mortgage Loan Performance" and "Geographic Concentration May Increase Rates of
Loss and Delinquency" in the Prospectus.
INABILITY TO ACQUIRE SUBSEQUENT LOANS WILL INCREASE PREPAYMENTS
The ability of to acquire or originate loans subsequent to the date
hereof and on or prior to , 199 that meet the requirements for transfer
during the Pre-Funding Period under the Sale and Servicing Agreement is
affected by a variety of factors, including interest rates, employment levels,
the rate of inflation and consumer perception of economic conditions
generally. Although expects that substantially all of the Pre-Funding
Amount will be used to acquire Subsequent Loans, so that there will be no
material principal payments to holders of the Offered Notes from the amount
remaining in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period, no
assurances can be given that this will occur. On the Distribution Date
following the Due Period in which the termination of the Pre-Funding Period
occurs, if the Pre-Funded Amount at the end of the Pre-Funding Period is less
than $ , any such Pre-Funded Amount will be distributed to the holders of
the Classes of Notes then entitled to receive principal on such Distribution
Date in reduction of the related Security Balances, thus resulting in a
partial redemption of the related Notes on such date. On the Distribution Date
following the Due Period in which the termination of the Pre-Funding Period
occurs, if the Pre-Funded Amount at the end of the Pre-Funding Period is
greater than or equal to $ (such event, a "PRE-FUNDING DISTRIBUTION
TRIGGER"), such Pre-Funded Amount will be distributed to the holders of all
Classes of Offered Notes and the Class B-2 Notes, pro rata, based on the
respective Original Security Balances thereof.
SUB-PRIME LOANS MAY BE MORE LIKELY TO DEFAULT
[Pursuant to the underwriting guidelines of the Asset Seller, the assessment
of the creditworthiness of the related Obligor is the primary consideration in
underwriting the Loans, and with respect to any Mortgage Loans, the evaluation
of the adequacy of the value of the related Mortgaged Property or other
secured property in relation to the Mortgage Loan, together with the amount of
all liens senior to the lien of the Mortgage Loan, is given less
consideration, and in many cases no consideration, in underwriting the Loans.
See "[Asset Seller and Servicer]--Underwriting Criteria" herein. The credit
quality of some of the borrowers under the Loans is lower than that of
mortgage loans conforming to the underwriting guidelines of Fannie Mae
("FANNIE MAE") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FREDDIE MAC")
for first lien, single family mortgage loans (loans to such lower credit
borrowers, "SUB-PRIME LOANS"). Sub-prime Loans are likely to experience higher
rates of delinquencies, defaults and losses (which rates could be
substantially higher) than those rates that would be experienced by similar
types of loans underwritten in conformity with Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac
underwriting guidelines for first lien, single family mortgage loans. In
addition, the losses sustained from defaulted Loans are likely to be more
severe (and will frequently be total losses), because (i) the costs incurred
in the collection and liquidation of defaulted Loans in relation to the
smaller principal balances thereof are proportionately higher than for first
lien, single family mortgage loans, (ii) in the case of the Mortgage Loans,
the majority of such Loans are secured by junior liens on Mortgaged Properties
in which the Obligors had no equity (i.e., the related Combined Loan-to-Value
Ratio exceeded 100%) at the time of origination of such Loans, and (iii)
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in the case of the Unsecured Loans, are not secured by any property of the
Obligor. Furthermore, with respect to substantially all of the Mortgage Loans,
the Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios were based upon the Obligor's
representations as to the value of the Mortgaged Property. Accordingly, there
can be no assurance that such values accurately reflect prevailing market
values. See "--Realization Upon Defaulted Mortgage Loans" below and "Risk
Factors-- Junior Mortgage Loans are More Likely to Experience Losses on
Foreclosure" in the Prospectus.
Although the creditworthiness of the related Obligor is the primary
consideration in the underwriting of the Loans, no assurance can be given that
such creditworthiness will not deteriorate as a result of future economic and
social factors and lead to increased levels of delinquency and default.
INADEQUACY OF THE MORTGAGED PROPERTIES AS SECURITY FOR THE MORTGAGE LOANS MAY
RESULT IN LOSS
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio of
the Mortgage Loans (excluding the Unsecured Loans) was approximately %. As a
result of the level of Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios, the Mortgaged Properties
are highly unlikely to provide adequate security for the Mortgage Loans. Even
assuming that a Mortgaged Property provides adequate security for the related
Mortgage Loan, substantial delays could be encountered in connection with the
liquidation of a Mortgage Loan that would result in current shortfalls in
distributions to the holders of the Offered Notes to the extent such
shortfalls are not covered by the credit enhancement described herein. In
addition, liquidation expenses relating to any defaulted Mortgage Loan (such
as legal fees, real estate taxes and maintenance and preservation expenses)
would reduce the liquidation proceeds otherwise payable to the holders of the
Offered Notes. In the event that any Mortgaged Property fails to provide
adequate security for the related Mortgage Loan, any losses in connection with
such Mortgage Loan will be borne by holders of the Offered Notes as described
herein to the extent that the credit enhancement described herein is
insufficient to absorb all such losses. See "--Realization Upon Defaulted
Mortgage Loans" below.
UNSECURED LOANS MAY NOT BE COLLECTIBLE
As of the Cut-Off Date, % of the Loans (by Original Pool Principal
Balance) were Unsecured Loans. A default by the Obligor on an Unsecured Loan
or the application of federal bankruptcy laws and state debtor relief laws
with respect to an Unsecured Loan could result in such Loan being written off
by the Servicer. In the event of a default of an Unsecured Loan, the Trust
and, accordingly, to the extent that amounts available from credit enhancement
as described herein are inadequate, the holders of the Offered Notes will bear
(i) the risk of delay in distributions while a judgment against the Obligor is
obtained and (ii) the risk of loss if the judgment cannot be obtained or is
not realized upon. See "Risk Factors--Bankruptcy of Borrower May Prevent
Collections on Unsecured Home Improvement Loans" in the Prospectus.
REALIZATION UPON DEFAULTED MORTGAGE LOANS
Substantially all of the Mortgage Loans are junior liens and the related
senior liens are not included in the Pool. The primary risk to holders of
Mortgage Loans secured by junior liens is the very high likelihood that
adequate funds will not be received in connection with a foreclosure of the
related Mortgaged Property to satisfy fully both the senior lien(s) and the
Mortgage Loan. See "Risk Factors -- Junior Mortgage Loans are More Likely to
Experience Losses on Foreclosure" in the Prospectus. In accordance with the
loan servicing practices of the Servicer for home loans secured by junior
liens in its portfolio and based upon a determination
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that the foreclosure of a defaulted junior lien Mortgage Loan may not be an
economically viable alternative, the Servicer, in most cases, will not (i)
pursue the foreclosure of the defaulted Mortgage Loan, (ii) satisfy the
related senior mortgage(s) at or prior to the foreclosure sale of the
Mortgaged Property, or (iii) advance funds to keep the related senior
mortgage(s) current. The Trust will have no source of funds to satisfy the
senior mortgage(s) or make payments due thereon and, therefore, holders of the
Offered Notes should not expect that any senior mortgage(s) will be kept
current by the Trust for the purpose of protecting any junior lien Mortgage
Loan. As a result, the Servicer may pursue alternative methods of servicing
defaulted Mortgage Loans to maximize proceeds therefrom, including, without
limitation, accepting short pay-offs, short sales, assumptions and the
modification of such Mortgage Loans, which, among other things, may include
the abatement of accrued interest or the reduction of a portion of the
outstanding principal balance of such Loans. Because substantially all of the
Mortgage Loans had or are expected to have Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios at
the time of origination in excess of 100%, losses sustained from defaulted
Mortgage Loans are likely to be more severe (and will likely be total losses)
in relation to the outstanding principal balance of such defaulted Mortgage
Loans. In fact, no assurance can be given that any proceeds, or a significant
amount of proceeds, will be recovered from the liquidation of defaulted
Mortgage Loans. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans--Foreclosure" and
"--Junior Mortgages" in the Prospectus.
The underwriting requirements of the Asset Seller generally require that an
Obligor obtain fire and casualty insurance as a condition to the closing of a
Mortgage Loan. However, the Asset Seller does not monitor the maintenance of
insurance thereafter. Accordingly, if the Mortgaged Property suffers any
uninsured hazard or casualty losses, holders of any Offered Notes may bear the
risk of loss resulting from a default by the related Obligor to the extent
such loss is not recovered by foreclosure or liquidation proceeds on such
defaulted Mortgage Loan or from amounts available from the credit enhancement
provided for the Offered Notes.
VALUE OF MORTGAGED PROPERTY MAY BE INSUFFICIENT TO COVER LOANS RESULTING IN
LOSS UPON SALE
With respect to Mortgage Loans which have Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios in
excess of 100%, there is a risk that if the related borrowers relocate, such
borrowers will be unable to discharge the Mortgage Loans in full from the sale
proceeds of the related Mortgaged Properties and any other funds available to
these borrowers, in which case the Mortgage Loans could experience higher
rates of delinquencies, defaults and losses.
OTHER BORROWER DEBT MAY IMPAIR ABILITY TO REPAY LOAN
With respect to any Loans, the proceeds of which were used in whole or in
part for debt consolidation, there can be no assurance that, following the
debt consolidation, the related borrower will not incur further consumer debt
to third party lenders. This reloading of debt could impair the ability of
such borrowers to service their debts, which in turn could result in higher
rates of delinquencies, defaults and losses on the Loans.
RECENT ORIGINATION OF LOANS
As of the Cut-Off Date, of the Loans were 30 days or more delinquent in
their scheduled monthly payments of principal and interest; since, however,
Loans representing approximately % of the Original Pool Principal Balance
have a first scheduled monthly payment due date occurring on or after ,
199 , it was not possible for such Loans to have had a scheduled monthly
payment that was 30 days or more delinquent as of the Cut-Off Date. See "Risk
Factors--Potential for Losses Increases if Assets are Delinquent" in the
Prospectus.
NO SERVICER DELINQUENCY ADVANCES
In the event of a delinquency or a default with respect to a Loan, the
Servicer will have no obligation to advance scheduled monthly payments of
principal or interest with respect to such Loan. As a result of the foregoing,
the Excess Spread that will be available on the related Distribution Date will
be reduced. Such an occurrence will cause the Security Balances of the
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<PAGE>
Offered Notes to decrease at a slower rate relative to the Pool Principal
Balance, resulting in a reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount and, in
some circumstances, an Allocable Loss Amount. The Servicer, however, will make
such reasonable and customary expense advances with respect to the Loans as
would generally be required in accordance with its servicing practices. See
"Description of the Transfer and Servicing Agreements--Servicing" herein.
BANKRUPTCY OF ASSET SELLER MAY DELAY OR REDUCE COLLECTIONS ON MORTGAGE LOANS
The sale of the Loans from the Asset Seller to the Depositor pursuant to the
Home Loan Purchase Agreement will be treated by the Asset Seller and the
Depositor as a sale of the Loans. The Asset Seller will warrant that such
transfer is a sale of the Asset Seller's interest in the Loans. In the event
of an insolvency of the Asset Seller, the receiver or bankruptcy trustee of
the Asset Seller may attempt to recharacterize the sale of the Loans as a
borrowing by the Asset Seller secured by a pledge of the Loans. If the
receiver or bankruptcy trustee decided to challenge such transfer, delays in
payments on the Offered Notes and possible reductions in the amount thereof
could occur. The Depositor will warrant in the Sale and Servicing Agreement
that the transfer of the Loans to the Trust is a valid transfer to the Trust
of all of the Depositor's right, title and interest in and to the Loans.
BANKRUPTCY OF BORROWER MAY AFFECT ABILITY TO COLLECT ON LOANS WHICH ARE JUNIOR
LIENS
The National Bankruptcy Review Commission (the "BANKRUPTCY COMMISSION"), an
independent commission established under the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1994 to
study issues and make recommendations relating to the United States Bankruptcy
Code (the "BANKRUPTCY CODE"), has delivered a report to the President and
Congress. The Bankruptcy Commission recommends in its report that the
Bankruptcy Code be amended to treat any claim secured only by a junior lien on
a borrower's principal residence as unsecured to the extent that the amount of
such claim exceeds the value of the mortgaged property at the date of
origination. If such a change in the Bankruptcy Code were to be enacted, and
if such change were to apply to loans originated prior to enactment, a
substantial majority of the Loans would likely be treated as unsecured debt in
a case under Chapter 13 of the Bankruptcy Code. As a consequence, borrowers
who become Chapter 13 debtors would have substantially less incentive to make
arrangements for repayment of their Loans, and the likelihood that the Trust
would recover any amounts in respect of the related Loans would be remote.
EFFECTS OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CERTAIN FEDERAL AND STATE LOANS
The underwriting, origination, servicing and collection of the Loans are
subject to a variety of state and Federal laws, public policies and principles
of equity. Depending on the provisions of applicable law and the specific
facts and circumstances involved, violations of these laws, policies or
principles may limit the ability of the Servicer to collect all or part of the
principal or interest on the Loans, may entitle the Obligors to a refund of
amounts previously paid, and, in addition, could subject the Servicer or the
Asset Seller to damages and administrative sanctions. If the Servicer is
unable to collect all or part of the principal or interest on any Loans
because of a violation of the aforementioned laws, public policies or general
principles of equity, then the Trust may be delayed in making, or be unable to
make, all distributions owed to the holders of the Offered Notes to the extent
any related losses are not otherwise covered by amounts available from the
credit enhancement provided for the Offered Notes. Furthermore, depending upon
whether damages and sanctions are assessed against the Servicer or the Asset
Seller, such violations may materially impact (i) the financial ability of the
Servicer to continue to act in such capacity or (ii) the ability of the Asset
Seller to repurchase or replace Defective Loans, if such violation constitutes
a breach of a representation or warranty under the Home Loan Purchase
Agreement. See "Risk Factors--Effects of Failure to Comply with Consumer
Protection Laws; Other Legal Considerations" in the Prospectus. The Asset
Seller will be required to repurchase or replace any Loan which did not comply
with applicable
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<PAGE>
state and Federal laws and regulations as of the Closing Date. See "--
Limitations on Repurchase or Replacement of Defective Loans by Asset Seller"
below.
INCREASED LOSSES MAY RESULT FROM LIMITATIONS ON REPURCHASE OR REPLACEMENT OF
DEFECTIVE LOANS BY ASSET SELLER
Pursuant to the Home Loan Purchase Agreement, the Asset Seller has agreed to
cure in all material respects any breach of the Asset Seller's representations
and warranties set forth in the Home Loan Purchase Agreement with respect to
Defective Loans. If the Asset Seller cannot cure such breach within a
specified period of time, the Asset Seller is required to repurchase such
Defective Loans from the Trust or substitute other loans for such Defective
Loans. Although a significant portion of the Loans will have been acquired
from unaffiliated correspondent lenders, the Asset Seller will make the
representations and warranties for all such Loans. For a summary description
of the Asset Seller's representations and warranties, see "Description of the
Transfer and Servicing Agreements--Representations and Warranties" herein.
No assurance can be given that, at any particular time, the Asset Seller
will be capable, financially or otherwise, of repurchasing or replacing any
Defective Loan(s) in the manner described above. If the Asset Seller
repurchases, or is obligated to repurchase, any defective home loan(s) from
any other series of asset backed securities, the financial ability of the
Asset Seller to repurchase any Defective Loan(s) from the Trust may be
adversely affected. In addition, other events relating to the Asset Seller and
its home lending can occur that would adversely affect the financial ability
of the Asset Seller to repurchase or replace Defective Loans from the Trust,
including, without limitation, the sale or other disposition of all or any
significant portion of its assets. If the Asset Seller is unable to repurchase
or replace a Defective Loan, then the Servicer, on behalf of the Trust, will
utilize customary servicing practices to recover the maximum amount possible
with respect to such Defective Loan and any resulting loss will be borne by
the holders of the Offered Notes to the extent that such loss is not otherwise
covered by amounts available from the credit enhancement provided for the
Offered Notes. See "[Asset Seller and Servicer]" and "Description of Credit
Enhancement" herein.
THE POOL
GENERAL
The Pool will initially consist of the Initial Loans conveyed to the Trust
on the Closing Date. All of the Loans will be closed-end, fixed-rate home
loans which are not insured or guaranteed by any governmental agency and the
related proceeds of which were used to (i) finance property improvements, (ii)
finance the acquisition of personal property such as home appliances or
furnishings, (iii) finance debt consolidation, (iv) finance the partial
refinancing of residential properties, (v) provide cash to the borrower for
unspecified purposes or (vi) a combination of the foregoing. The Loans may be
(i) secured (the "MORTGAGE LOANS") by mortgages, deeds of trust and security
deeds on residences (i.e., one-to four-family residences, condominium units
and townhouses, including investment properties) (the "MORTGAGED PROPERTIES")
that are generally junior (i.e., second or third) in priority to one or more
senior loans on the related Mortgage Properties or (ii) unsecured (the
"UNSECURED LOANS").
For a description of the underwriting criteria applicable to the Loans, see
"[Asset Seller and Servicer]--Underwriting Criteria" herein. All of the Loans
will be sold by the Asset Seller to the Depositor, which will then sell the
Loans to the Trust pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement. Pursuant to
the Indenture, the Trust will pledge and assign the Loans to the Indenture
Trustee for the benefit of the holders of the Notes. The Trust will be
entitled to all payments of principal and interest in respect of the Loans
received after the Cut-Off Date.
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<PAGE>
PAYMENTS ON THE LOANS
Interest on each Loan is payable monthly on the outstanding Principal
Balance thereof at a fixed rate per annum (the "LOAN RATE"). Interest on the
Loans will accrue on either an "actuarial interest" method or a "simple
interest" method. No Loan will provide for deferred interest or negative
amortization.
The actuarial interest method provides that interest is charged and payments
are due as of a scheduled day each month that is fixed at the time of
origination, and payments received after a grace period following such
scheduled day are subject to late charges. A scheduled payment on such a Loan
received either earlier or later than the scheduled due date thereof will not
affect the amortization schedule or the relative application of such payment
to principal and interest in respect of such Loan.
The simple interest method provides for the amortization of the amount of a
Loan over a series of equal scheduled payments. However, unlike the monthly
actuarial interest method, each scheduled payment will be applied to interest
calculated on the basis of the outstanding principal balance of the related
Loan, the Loan Rate and the period elapsed since the preceding payment of
principal was made. As payments are received on the Loan, the amount received
is applied first to interest accrued to the date of payment and the balance,
if any, is applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance. Accordingly, if a
borrower pays a fixed monthly installment on such a Loan less than one month
after the previous payment, the portion of the payment allocable to interest
for the period since the preceding payment was made will be less than it would
have been had the payment been made as scheduled, and the portion of the
payment applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance will be correspondingly
greater. Conversely, if a borrower pays a fixed monthly installment on such a
Loan more than one month after the previous payment, the portion of the
payment allocable to interest for the period since the preceding payment was
made will be greater than it would be had the payment been made as scheduled,
and the portion of the payment applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance
will be correspondingly less. In addition, in certain states a late charge may
be imposed with respect to the past due amount. See "Certain Prepayment and
Yield Considerations."
With respect to a Loan on which interest accrues pursuant to the simple
interest method, if a payment is received on such Loan less than one month
after the previous payment, more of such payment will be used on the related
Distribution Date to pay principal on the Notes than if such payment was
received as scheduled. If a payment is received on such Loan more than one
month after the previous payment, less of such payment will be used on the
related Distribution Date to pay principal on the Notes than if such payment
was received as scheduled. This allocation will not affect the total amount of
principal due over the life of a Loan, but it may affect the weighted average
lives of the Notes.
Interest accrued on each Loan will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day
year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOANS
The following is a brief description of certain terms of the Initial Loans
included in the Pool as of the date of this Prospectus Supplement. The
Subsequent Loans are not expected to vary materially from the Initial Loans.
In addition, the Asset Seller will be obligated to repurchase or replace
certain Loans under certain circumstances as set forth herein under "[Asset
Seller and Servicer]--Repurchase or Substitution of Loans." A schedule of the
Initial Loans included in the Pool as of the Closing Date will be attached to
the Sale and Servicing Agreement delivered to the Indenture Trustee upon
delivery of the Offered Notes.
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<PAGE>
The Initial Loans included in the Pool will have the characteristics set
forth below and in the tables beginning on the following pages. Unless
otherwise indicated, all percentages and weighted averages are percentages and
weighted averages of the Original Pool Principal Balance.
A Current Report on Form 8-K (the "Form 8-K") containing a description of
the Loans included in the Pool at the end of the Pre-Funding Period will be
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within fifteen days after
the end of the Pre-Funding Period.
LOAN STATISTICS
As of the Cut-Off Date, the Initial Loans consisted of Loans with an
aggregate Principal Balance totaling $ (the "ORIGINAL POOL PRINCIPAL
BALANCE"). The Initial Loans bear interest at fixed Loan Rates which range
from % per annum to % per annum and have a weighted average Loan Rate of
approximately % per annum. The Cut-Off Date Principal Balances of the
Initial Loans range from $ to $ and average $ . As of the Cut-Off
Date, the weighted average remaining term to stated maturity of the Initial
Loans was approximately months and the weighted average number of months
that have elapsed since origination was one month. As of the Cut-Off Date, the
weighted average Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio of the Initial Loans which were
Mortgage Loans was approximately %, with the highest Combined Loan-to-Value
Ratio being %. As of the Cut-Off Date, of the Initial Loans
(representing approximately % of the Original Pool Principal Balance) had a
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio in excess of 100%. All of the Initial Loans are
fully amortizing loans having original stated maturities of not more than
years. No Initial Loan is scheduled to mature later than .
As of the Cut-Off Date, approximately % of the Initial Loans (by Original
Pool Principal Balance) were Mortgage Loans secured by Mortgaged Properties
located in one of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. As of the Cut-
Off Date, approximately % of the Initial Loans (by Original Pool Principal
Balance) which were Mortgage Loans were secured by Mortgaged Properties
represented by the related Obligors to be owner-occupied.
As of the Cut-Off Date, of the Initial Loans were 30 days or more past
due.
The sum of the dollar amounts and percentages in the following tables may
not equal the totals due to rounding.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF INITIAL LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
OFF % OF ORIGINAL
NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
STATE OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
----- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
CUT-OFF DATE PRINCIPAL BALANCES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
RANGE OF CUT-OFF OFF % OF ORIGINAL
DATE PRINCIPAL NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
BALANCES OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
---------------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the average Cut-Off Date Principal Balance of the
Initial Loans was $ .
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<PAGE>
LOAN RATES
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
OFF % OF ORIGINAL
RANGE OF LOAN NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
RATES OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
------------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Loan Rate of the Initial Loans
was approximately % per annum.
LIEN PRIORITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
OFF % OF ORIGINAL
NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
LIEN PRIORITY OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
------------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
First Lien...............................
Second Lien..............................
Third Lien...............................
Unsecured................................
--- ---- ---
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
COMBINED LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
OFF % OF ORIGINAL
RANGE OF COMBINED NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIOS OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
-------------------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Unsecured
5.01%-- 10.00%.........................
15.01%-- 20.00%.........................
20.01%-- 25.00%.........................
25.01%-- 30.00%.........................
30.01%-- 35.00%.........................
35.01%-- 40.00%.........................
40.01%-- 45.00%.........................
45.01%-- 50.00%.........................
50.01%-- 55.00%.........................
55.01%-- 60.00%.........................
60.01%-- 65.00%.........................
65.01%-- 70.00%.........................
70.01%-- 75.00%.........................
75.01%-- 80.00%.........................
80.01%-- 85.00%.........................
85.01%-- 90.00%.........................
90.01%-- 95.00%.........................
95.01%--100.00%.........................
100.01%--105.00%.........................
105.01%--110.00%.........................
110.01%--115.00%.........................
115.01%--120.00%.........................
120.01%--125.00%.........................
125.01% or greater.......................
--- ---- ---
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio of
the Initial Loans (excluding the Unsecured Loans) was approximately %.
S-29
<PAGE>
MONTHS SINCE ORIGINATION
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
OFF % OF ORIGINAL
LOAN AGE NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
(IN MONTHS) OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
----------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average number of months since
origination of the Initial Loans was month.
REMAINING TERMS TO MATURITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
RANGE OF
REMAINING AGGREGATE CUT-
TERMS TO OFF % OF ORIGINAL
MATURITY NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
(IN MONTHS) OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
----------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average remaining term to maturity of
the Initial Loans was approximately months.
ORIGINAL TERMS TO MATURITY
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
ORIGINAL AGGREGATE CUT-
TERM TO OFF % OF ORIGINAL
MATURITY NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
(IN MONTHS) OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
----------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average original term to maturity of
the Initial Loans was approximately months.
CREDIT SCORE
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
OFF % OF ORIGINAL
RANGE OF CREDIT NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
SCORES OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
--------------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average Credit Score of the Initial
Loans was . A "CREDIT SCORE" is a credit bureau risk score that
statistically ranks likely future credit performance based on certain
predictive criteria.
DEBT-TO-INCOME RATIO
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
AGGREGATE CUT-
RANGE OF OFF % OF ORIGINAL
DEBT-TO-INCOME NUMBER DATE PRINCIPAL POOL PRINCIPAL
RATIOS OF LOANS BALANCE BALANCE
-------------- -------- -------------- --------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Total.................................. $ %
=== ==== ===
</TABLE>
As of the Cut-Off Date, the weighted average debt-to-income ratio of the
Initial Loans was approximately %.
S-30
<PAGE>
CONVEYANCE OF SUBSEQUENT LOANS
The Sale and Servicing Agreement permits the Trust to purchase from the
Asset Seller, subsequent to the date hereof and prior to , 199 ,
Subsequent Loans in an amount not to exceed $ in aggregate Principal Balance
for inclusion in the Trust. Accordingly the statistical characteristics of the
Pool after giving effect to the acquisition of any Subsequent Loans will
likely differ from the information specified above (which is based exclusively
on the Initial Loans). The inclusion of Subsequent Loans in the Trust during
the Pre-Funding Period is subject to the following requirements: (i) no
Subsequent Loans may be 30 or more days contractually delinquent as of the
applicable Cut-Off Date; (ii) the lien securing any such Subsequent Loan must
not be lower than third priority; (iii) such Subsequent Loan must have an
outstanding Principal Balance of at least $ as of the applicable Cut-Off
Date; (iv) the first payment on such Subsequent Loan must be due no later than
the last day of the Due Period immediately succeeding the Due Period in which
it is transferred, unless the Asset Seller deposits into the Collection
Account 30 days' interest on such Subsequent Loan at the Loan Rate less the
applicable Servicing Fee rate, in which event the first payment on such
Subsequent Loan must be due no later than the last day of the second Due
Period following the Due Period in which the transfer occurs; (v) such
Subsequent Loan is a fully amortizing loan with level payments over the
remaining term of no fewer than years and no more than years and the
scheduled maturity will be no later than ; (vi) such Subsequent Loan must
have a fixed Loan Rate of at least %; (vii) any such Subsequent Loan must
have an original Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio of no more than %, (viii) such
Subsequent Loan must be underwritten, re-underwritten or reviewed, as
applicable, in accordance with the underwriting guidelines of the Asset Seller
in effect at such time (see "[Asset Seller and Servicer]--Underwriting
Criteria" herein) or in a manner similar to the Initial Loans, and (ix)
following the purchase of such Subsequent Loans by the Trust, the Loans
included in the Pool must have a weighted average interest rate and a weighted
average remaining term to maturity as of each respective Cut-Off Date
comparable to those of the Initial Loans included in the initial Pool.
[ASSET SELLER AND SERVICER]
GENERAL
(" "), the Asset Seller and the Servicer under the Sale and
Servicing Agreement, is a corporation that is a engaged in the
business of was incorporated in .
has its principal offices at . It currently has employees
including professionals and support staff.
As of , 199 , was servicing a loan portfolio of approximately
$ . This loan portfolio consisted of loans with an average principal
balance of approximately $ .
Upon written request, will make available its most recent audited
financial statements. Requests should be directed to .
SERVICING PROCEDURES
The following is a general description of the Servicer's servicing policies
and procedures currently employed by the Servicer with respect to its
conventional loan portfolio. The Servicer revises such policies and procedures
from time to time to reflect changing economic and market conditions and to
comply with legal developments.
S-31
<PAGE>
[INSERT DESCRIPTION OF SERVICING AND COLLECTION PROCEDURES]
Under the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Servicer may resign from its
duties thereunder only in accordance with the terms thereof. No removal or
resignation will become effective until the Indenture Trustee or a successor
servicer has assumed the Servicer's responsibilities and obligations in
accordance therewith.
The Servicer may not assign its obligations under the Sale and Servicing
Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in the preceding sentence to the contrary,
the Servicer may delegate certain of its obligations to a sub-servicer
pursuant to a sub-servicing agreement. A sub-servicer must meet certain
eligibility requirements, as set forth in the Sale and Servicing Agreement,
and each sub-servicing agreement shall require that the Loans be serviced in a
manner that is consistent with the terms of the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
The Servicer will not be released of its servicing obligations and duties with
respect to any subserviced Loans. As of the Closing Date, the Servicer will
not have subcontracted its servicing obligations and duties with respect to
the Loans.
UNDERWRITING CRITERIA
[INSERT DESCRIPTION OF ASSET SELLER'S UNDERWRITING CRITERIA]
In response to changes and developments in the consumer finance area as well
as the refinement of the Asset Seller's credit evaluation methodology, the
Asset Seller's underwriting requirements for certain types of loans may change
from time to time resulting sometimes in more stringent and sometimes in less
stringent underwriting requirements. Depending upon the date on which the
Loans were originated or purchased by the Asset Seller, the Loans included in
the Pool may have been originated or purchased by the Asset Seller under
different underwriting requirements, and accordingly, certain Loans included
in the Pool may be of a different credit quality and have different loan
characteristics from those of other Loans. Furthermore, to the extent that
certain Loans were originated or purchased by the Asset Seller in accordance
with less stringent underwriting requirements, such Loans may be more likely
to experience higher rates of delinquencies, defaults and losses than those
Loans originated or purchased in accordance with more stringent underwriting
requirements.
REPURCHASE OR SUBSTITUTION OF LOANS
The Asset Seller is required (i) within 60 days after discovery or notice
thereof to cure in all material respects any breach of the representations or
warranties which materially and adversely affects the value of a Loan or the
interests of the holders of the Securities therein or as to which a material
document deficiency exists (each, a "DEFECTIVE LOAN") or (ii) on or before the
Determination Date next succeeding the end of such 60 day period, to
repurchase such Defective Loan at a price (the "PURCHASE PRICE") equal to the
Principal Balance of such Defective Loan as of the date of repurchase, plus
all accrued and unpaid interest on such Defective Loan to but not including
the date of repurchase computed at the Loan Rate, plus the amount of any
unreimbursed Servicing Advances made by the Servicer with respect to such
Defective Loan. In lieu of repurchasing a Defective Loan, the Asset Seller may
replace such Defective Loan with one or more Qualified Substitute Loans. If
the aggregate outstanding principal balance of the Qualified Substitute
Loan(s) is less than the outstanding Principal Balance of the Defective
Loan(s), the Asset Seller will also remit for distribution to the holders of
the Notes an amount (a "SUBSTITUTION ADJUSTMENT") equal to such shortfall
which will result in a prepayment of principal on the Notes for the amount of
such shortfall. As used herein, a "QUALIFIED SUBSTITUTE LOAN" is a loan that
(i) has an interest rate which differs from the Loan Rate for the Defective
Loan which it replaces (each a "DELETED LOAN") by no more than two percentage
points in
S-32
<PAGE>
excess of such Loan Rate, (ii) matures not more than one year later than, and
not more than one year earlier than, the maturity date of the Deleted Loan,
(iii) has a principal balance (after application of all payments received on
or prior to the date of such substitution) equal to or less than the Principal
Balance of the Deleted Loan as of such date, (iv) has a Credit Score not more
than points lower than the Credit Score of the Deleted Loan, (v) has a lien
priority no lower than the Deleted Loan, (vi) complies as of the date of
substitution with each representation and warranty set forth in the Sale and
Servicing Agreement with respect to the Loans and is not more than 29 days
delinquent as of the date of substitution for such Deleted Loan, (vii) has a
borrower with a debt-to-income ratio no higher than the debt-to-income ratio
of the Obligor with respect to the Deleted Loan, and (viii) has a borrower
with a comparable credit grade classification to that of the Obligor with
respect to the Deleted Loan.
No assurance can be given that, at any particular time, the Asset Seller
will be capable, financially or otherwise, of repurchasing Defective Loans or
substituting Qualified Substitute Loans for Defective Loans in the manner
described above. If the Asset Seller repurchases, or is obligated to
repurchase, defective loans from any additional series of asset backed
securities, the financial ability of the Asset Seller to repurchase Defective
Loans from the Trust may be adversely affected. In addition, other events
relating to the Asset Seller and its mortgage lending and consumer finance
operations can occur that would adversely affect the financial ability of the
Asset Seller to repurchase or replace Defective Loans from the Trust,
including, without limitation, the sale or other disposition of all or any
significant portion of its assets. If the Asset Seller is unable to repurchase
or replace a Defective Loan, the Servicer, on behalf of the Trust, will pursue
other customary and reasonable efforts, if any, to recover the maximum amount
possible with respect to such Defective Loan. If the Servicer is unable to
collect all amounts due to the Trust with respect to such Defective Loan, the
resulting loss will be borne by the holders of the Offered Notes to the extent
that such loss is not otherwise covered by amounts available from the credit
enhancement provided for the Offered Notes. See "Risk Factors--Adequacy of
Credit Enhancement" and "--Limitations on Repurchase or Replacement of
Defective Loans by Asset Seller" herein.
DELINQUENCY EXPERIENCE
Owned and Managed Servicing Portfolio. The following tables set forth
information relating to the delinquency, loan loss and foreclosure experience
of the Servicer for its Owned and Managed Servicing Portfolio for 199 , and
for each of the prior years. The Servicer's "OWNED AND MANAGED SERVICING
PORTFOLIO" consists of the Servicer's servicing portfolio of fixed and
variable rate mortgage loans excluding certain loans serviced by the Servicer
that were not originated or purchased and reunderwritten by the Servicer or
any affiliate thereof. In addition to the Owned and Managed Servicing
Portfolio, the Servicer serviced as of , 199 , approximately mortgage
loans with an aggregate principal balance as of such date of approximately $ ;
such loans were not originated by the Servicer or any affiliate thereof and
are being serviced for third parties on a contract servicing basis (the
"THIRD-PARTY SERVICING PORTFOLIO"). No loans in the Third-Party Servicing
Portfolio are included in the tables set forth below.
S-33
<PAGE>
DELINQUENCY AND FORECLOSURE EXPERIENCE OF
THE SERVICER'S OWNED AND MANAGED SERVICING PORTFOLIO
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31,
---------------------------------
MONTHS ENDING 19 19
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
NUMBER OF DOLLAR NUMBER OF DOLLAR NUMBER OF DOLLAR
MORTGAGE AMOUNT MORTGAGE AMOUNT MORTGAGE AMOUNT
LOANS (000) LOANS (000) LOANS (000)
--------- ------ --------- ------ --------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Portfolio....................
Delinquency..................
Percentage(1)
30-59 days.................
60-89 days.................
90 days or more............
Total....................
Foreclosure Rate(2)..........
REO Properties(3)............
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
NUMBER OF DOLLAR NUMBER OF DOLLAR
MORTGAGE AMOUNT MORTGAGE AMOUNT
LOANS (000) LOANS (000)
--------- ------ --------- ------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Portfolio.....................................
Delinquency...................................
Percentage(1)
30-59 days..................................
60-89 days..................................
90 days or more.............................
Total.....................................
Foreclosure Rate(2)...........................
REO Properties(3).............................
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days payments are
contractually past due. The delinquency statistics for the period exclude
loans in foreclosure.
(2) "Foreclosure Rate" is the number of mortgage loans or the dollar amount of
mortgage loans in foreclosure as a percentage of the total number of
mortgage loans or the dollar amount of mortgage loans, as the case may be,
as of the date indicated.
(3) REO Properties (i.e., "real estate owned" properties--properties relating
to mortgage foreclosed or for which deeds in lieu of foreclosure have been
accepted, and held by the Servicer pending disposition) percentages are
calculated using the number of loans, not the dollar amount.
LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICER'S OWNED AND
MANAGED SERVICING PORTFOLIO OF MORTGAGE LOANS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
MONTHS ENDING YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31,
------------- ---------------------------
19 19 19 19
------------- ------ ------ ------ ------
(DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS)
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Average amount outstand-
ing(1)......................
Gross losses(2)..............
Recoveries(3)................
Net losses(4)................
Net losses as a percentage of
average amount outstanding..
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) "Average Amount Outstanding" during the period is the arithmetic average
of the principal balances of the mortgage loans outstanding on the last
business day of each month during the period.
(2) "Gross Losses" are amounts which have been determined to be uncollectible
relating to mortgage loans for each respective period.
(3) "Recoveries" are recoveries from liquidation proceeds and deficiency
judgments.
(4) "Net Losses" represents "Gross Losses" minus "Recoveries".
S-34
<PAGE>
CERTAIN PREPAYMENT AND YIELD CONSIDERATIONS
Except in the limited circumstances described herein, no principal
distributions will be made on any Class of Senior Notes until the Security
Balance of each Class of Senior Notes having a lower numerical designation has
been reduced to zero, no principal distributions will be made on the Mezzanine
Notes until all required principal distributions have been made in respect of
the Senior Notes, no principal distributions will be made on the Class B-1
Notes until all required principal distributions have been made in respect of
the Senior Notes and the Mezzanine Notes and no principal distributions will
be made on the Class B-2 Notes until all required principal distributions have
been made in respect of the Senior Notes, the Mezzanine Notes and the Class B-
1 Notes. See "Description of the Offered Notes--Distributions on the Offered
Notes" herein. As the rate of payment of principal of each Class of Notes
depends primarily on the rate of payment (including prepayments) of the Loans
and the availability and amount of Excess Spread, final payment of any Class
of Notes could occur significantly earlier than their respective Maturity
Dates. Holders of the Offered Notes will bear the risk that they may not be
able to reinvest principal payments on the Offered Notes at yields at least
equal to the yield on their respective Offered Notes. No prediction can be
made as to the rate of prepayments on the Loans in either stable or changing
interest rate environments. Any reinvestment risk resulting from the rate of
prepayment of the Loans will be borne entirely by the holders of the Offered
Notes.
Other than with respect to the Class A-1 Notes, the effective yield to the
holders of any Class of Offered Notes will be lower than the yield otherwise
produced by the applicable Interest Rate, because the distribution of the
interest accrued during each Due Period (a calendar month consisting of thirty
days) will not be made until the Distribution Date occurring in the month
following such Due Period. See "Description of the Offered Notes--
Distributions on the Offered Notes" herein. This delay will result in funds
being passed through to the holders of the Offered Notes approximately 25 days
after the end of the monthly accrual period, during which 25-day period no
interest will accrue on such funds.
Each Loan is either "simple interest" or "actuarial method" loan. With
respect to a Loan that is a "simple interest" loan, if a payment is received
more than one month after the previous payment, a smaller portion of such
payment will be applied to principal and a greater portion will be applied to
interest than would have been the case had the payment been received precisely
one month after the previous payment, resulting in such Loan having a longer
weighted average life than would have been the case had each payment been made
as scheduled. Conversely, if payment on a Loan is received less than one month
after the previous payment, more of such payment will be applied to principal
and less to interest than would have been the case had the payment been
received precisely one month after the previous payment, resulting in such
Loan having a shorter weighted average life than would have been the case had
each payment been made as scheduled. See "The Pool--Payments on the Mortgage
Loans" herein.
The yield to maturity of the Class A-1 Notes will be affected by the level
of LIBOR from time to time, and will be subject to a maximum rate equal to the
Net Weighted Average Rate. To the extent that Loans bearing relatively high
Loan Rates experience a more rapid rate of prepayment than Loans with
relatively low rates, the maximum rate applicable to the Class A-1 Notes would
be reduced.
The rate of principal payments on the Offered Notes, the aggregate amount of
each interest payment on the Offered Notes and the yield to maturity on the
Offered Notes will be directly related to and affected by the rate and timing
of principal reductions on the Loans, the application of Excess Spread and
amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of
S-35
<PAGE>
the Pre-Funding Period that are not used to acquire Subsequent Loans to reduce
the Security Balances of the Offered Notes to the extent described herein
under "Description of Credit Enhancement--Overcollateralization," and, under
certain circumstances, the delinquency rate experienced by the Loans. The
principal reductions on such Loans may be in the form of scheduled
amortization payments or unscheduled payments or reductions, which may include
prepayments, repurchases and liquidations or write-offs due to default,
casualty, insurance or other dispositions. On or after any Distribution Date
on which the Pool Principal Balance declines to 10% or less of the sum of the
Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount, the
Majority Residual Interestholders may effect an early termination of the
Trust, resulting in a redemption of the Notes. See "Description of the Offered
Notes--Optional Termination of the Trust" herein.
The "WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE" of an Offered Note refers to the average amount
of time that will elapse from the Closing Date to the date each dollar in
respect of principal of such Offered Note is repaid. The weighted average life
of an Offered Note will be influenced by, among other factors, the rate at
which principal reductions occur on the Loans, the extent to which high rates
of delinquencies on the Loans during any Due Period result in interest
collections on the Loans in amounts less than the amount of interest
distributable on the Offered Notes, and the rate at which Excess Spread is
distributed to holders of the Offered Notes as described herein, and the
extent to which any reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount is paid to
the holders of the Residual Interest as described herein. If substantial
principal prepayments on the Loans are received from unscheduled prepayments,
liquidations or repurchases, then the distributions to the holders of the
Offered Notes resulting from such prepayments may significantly shorten the
actual average lives of the Offered Notes. If the Loans experience
delinquencies and certain defaults in the payment of principal, then the
holders of the Offered Notes may similarly experience a delay in the receipt
of principal distributions attributable to such delinquencies and defaults
which in certain instances may result in longer actual average lives of the
Offered Notes than would otherwise be the case. However, to the extent that
the Principal Balances of liquidated Loans are included in the principal
distributions on the Offered Notes, then the holders of the Offered Notes will
experience an acceleration in the receipt of principal distributions which in
certain instances may result in shorter actual average lives of the Offered
Notes than would otherwise be the case. Interest shortfalls on the Loans due
to principal prepayments in full and curtailments and any resulting shortfalls
in amounts distributable on the Offered Notes will be covered only to the
extent of amounts available from the credit enhancement provided for the
Offered Notes as described herein. See "Risk Factors--Credit Enhancement is
Limited in Amount" herein.
The rate and timing of principal payments on the Loans will be influenced by
a variety of economic, geographic, social and other factors. These factors may
include changes in Obligors' housing needs, job transfers, unemployment,
Obligors' net equity, if any, in the Mortgaged Properties, servicing
decisions, homeowner mobility, the existence and enforceability of "due-on-
sale" clauses, the existence and enforceability of prepayment penalties,
seasoning of Loans, market interest rates for similar types of loans and the
availability of funds for such loans. Each of the Loans may be assumed, with
the Asset Seller's consent, upon the sale of the Mortgaged Property. Certain
of the Loans contain prepayment penalty provisions which generally obligate
the related Obligor to pay a penalty in connection with a prepayment of the
Obligor's Loan. The Servicer, in its discretion, may elect to enforce or
abstain from enforcing any prepayment penalty. The Servicer has no obligation
to enforce prepayment penalties and will exercise its rights to enforce them
to the extent it deems appropriate. The Servicer is entitled to retain all
prepayment penalties to the extent it collects the penalties from Obligors.
Any enforcement by the Servicer of the prepayment penalties contained in the
Loans may have an effect on the decisions of Obligors to prepay their Loans
and may affect the weighted average lives of the Notes.
S-36
<PAGE>
Generally, the rate of prepayment on a pool of fixed-rate loans is affected
by prevailing market interest rates for similar types of loans of a comparable
term and risk level. If prevailing interest rates were to fall significantly
below the respective Loan Rates on the Loans, the rate of prepayment (and
refinancing) would be expected to increase. Conversely, if prevailing interest
rates were to rise significantly above the respective Loan Rates on the Loans,
the rate of prepayment on the Loans would be expected to decrease. In
addition, any future limitations on the rights of borrowers to deduct interest
payments on mortgage loans for Federal income tax purposes may result in a
higher rate of prepayment on the Loans. Neither the Asset Seller, the
Depositor, nor the Underwriters make any representations as to the particular
factors that will affect the prepayment of the Loans, as to the relative
importance of such factors, or as to the percentage of the Principal Balances
of the Loans that will be paid as of any date.
Distributions of principal to holders of the Offered Notes at a faster rate
than anticipated will increase the yields on Offered Notes purchased at
discounts but will decrease the yields on Offered Notes purchased at premiums,
which distributions of principal may be attributable to scheduled payments and
prepayments of principal on the Loans and to the application of Excess Spread.
The effect on an investor's yield due to distributions of principal to the
holders of the Offered Notes (including, without limitation, prepayments on
the Loans) occurring at a rate that is faster (or slower) than the rate
anticipated by the investor during any period following the issuance of the
Offered Notes will not be entirely offset by a subsequent like reduction (or
increase) in the rate of such distributions of principal during any subsequent
period.
The rate of delinquencies and defaults on the Loans, and the recoveries, if
any, on defaulted Loans and foreclosed properties, will also affect the rate
and timing of principal payments on the Loans and, accordingly, the weighted
average lives of the Offered Notes, and could cause a delay in the payment of
principal or a slower rate of principal amortization to the holders of Offered
Notes. Certain factors may influence such delinquencies and defaults,
including origination and underwriting standards and Combined Loan-to-Value
Ratios. In general, defaults on home loans are expected to occur with greater
frequency in their early years, although few data are available with respect
to the rate of default on home loans similar to the Loans. In general, the
rate of default on junior lien loans with high Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios
may be higher than that of junior lien home loans with lower Combined Loan-to-
Value Ratios, or first lien loans, secured by comparable properties.
Furthermore, the rate and timing of prepayments, defaults and liquidations on
the Loans will be affected by the general economic condition of the region of
the country in which the related Mortgaged Properties are located or the
related Obligors are residing. See "Risk Factors--Geographic Concentration May
Increase the Potential for Losses Because of Adverse Economic Conditions or
Natural Disasters" and "The Pool" herein. The risk of delinquencies and loss
is greater and voluntary principal prepayments are less likely in regions
where a weak or deteriorating economy exists, as may be evidenced by, among
other factors, increasing unemployment or falling property values.
Because principal distributions generally are paid to holders of the Senior
Notes (exclusive of the Class X-1 Notes) and Mezzanine Notes before the Class
B-1 Notes, holders of the Class B-1 Notes bear a greater risk of losses from
delinquencies and defaults on the Loans than holders of the Classes of Notes
having earlier priorities for payment of principal. See "Description of Credit
Enhancement--Subordination and Allocation of Losses" herein.
Although certain data have been published with respect to the historical
prepayment experience of certain residential mortgage loans, such mortgage
loans may differ in material respects from the Loans and such data may not be
reflective of conditions applicable to the Loans. No prepayment history is
generally available with respect to the Loans or similar types of loans, and
there can be no assurance that the Loans will achieve or fail to achieve any
S-37
<PAGE>
particular rate of principal prepayment. Several factors suggest that the
prepayment experience of the Pool may be significantly different from that of
a pool of conventional first lien, single family mortgage loans with
equivalent interest rates and maturities. One such factor is that the
Principal Balance of the average Loan is substantially smaller than that of
the average conventional first lien mortgage loan. A smaller principal balance
may be easier for a borrower to prepay than a larger balance and, therefore, a
higher prepayment rate may result for the Pool than for a pool of first lien
mortgage loans, irrespective of the relative average interest rates and the
general interest rate environment. In addition, in order to refinance a first
lien mortgage loan, the borrower must generally repay any junior liens.
However, a small principal balance may make the refinancing of a loan at a
lower interest rate less attractive to the borrower as the perceived impact to
the borrower of such lower interest rate on the size of the monthly payment
may not be significant. Other factors that might be expected to affect the
prepayment rate of the Pool include general economic conditions, the amounts
of and interest rates on the related senior mortgage loans, and the tendency
of borrowers to use first lien mortgage loans as long-term financing for home
purchase and junior liens as shorter-term financing for a variety of purposes,
which may include the direct or indirect financing of home improvement,
education expenses, debt consolidation, purchases of consumer durables such as
automobiles, appliances and furnishings and other consumer purposes.
Furthermore, because at origination a substantial majority of the Loans had
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios that exceeded 100% or were Unsecured Loans, the
related Obligors will generally have significantly less opportunity to
refinance the indebtedness and, therefore, a lower prepayment rate may be
experienced by the Pool than by a pool of first or junior lien mortgage loans
that have Combined Loan-to-Value Ratios less than 100%. In addition, any
further limitations on the rights of borrowers to deduct interest payments on
mortgage loans for federal income tax purposes may result in a higher rate of
prepayments on the Loans. Given these characteristics, the Loans may
experience a higher or lower rate of prepayment than first lien mortgage
loans.
EXCESS SPREAD AND REDUCTION OF OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT
The overcollateralization feature has been designed to accelerate the
principal amortization of the Offered Notes relative to the principal
amortization of the Loans. If on any Distribution Date, the
Overcollateralization Target Amount exceeds the Overcollateralization Amount,
Excess Spread, if any, will be distributed to the holders of the Classes of
Offered Notes in the order and amounts specified herein under "Description of
the Offered Notes--Priority of Distributions." If the Overcollateralization
Amount equals the Overcollateralization Target Amount for such Distribution
Date, Excess Spread otherwise distributable to the holders of the Offered
Notes as described above will instead be distributed in respect of Loss
Reimbursement Deficiencies, if any, and then to the holders of the Residual
Interest Certificates. On the Stepdown Date and on each Distribution Date
thereafter as to which the Overcollateralization Amount is or, after taking
into account all other distributions to be made on such Distribution Date,
would be at least equal to the Overcollateralization Target Amount, amounts
otherwise distributable as principal to the holders of the Offered Notes on
such Distribution Date in reduction of their Security Balances may instead be
distributed in respect of the applicable Classes in payment of their
respective Loss Reimbursement Deficiencies and then to the holders of the
Residual Interest Certificates, thereby reducing the rate of, and under
certain circumstances delaying, the principal amortization of the Offered
Notes, until the Overcollateralization Amount is reduced to the
Overcollateralization Target Amount. In particular, high rates of
delinquencies on the Loans during any Due Period will cause the Excess Spread
available on the related Distribution Date to be reduced. Such an occurrence
may cause the Security Balances of the Offered Notes to decrease at a slower
rate relative to the Pool Principal Balance, resulting in a possible reduction
of the Overcollateralization Amount and, in some circumstances, an Allocable
Loss Amount. If the actual distributions of any such amounts to the holders of
the Residual Interest Certificates
S-38
<PAGE>
occur later than anticipated by an investor who purchases an Offered Note at a
premium, the actual yield to such investor may be lower than such investor's
anticipated yield. The amount payable to the holders of the Residual Interest
Certificates that would otherwise be applied in reduction of the
Overcollateralization Amount or in payment of Loss Reimbursement Deficiencies
on any Distribution Date will be affected by the Overcollateralization Target
Amount as well as by the actual default and delinquency experience of the Pool
and the principal amortization of the Pool.
REINVESTMENT RISK
The reinvestment risk with respect to an investment in the Offered Notes
will be affected by the rate and timing of principal payments (including
prepayments) in relation to the prevailing interest rates at the time of
receipt of such principal payments. For example, during periods of falling
interest rates, holders of the Offered Notes may receive an increased amount
of principal payments from the Loans at a time when such holders may be unable
to reinvest such payments in investments having a yield and rating comparable
to the Offered Notes. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates,
holders of the Offered Notes may receive a decreased amount of principal
prepayments from the Loans at a time when such holders may have an opportunity
to reinvest such payments in investments having a higher yield than, and a
comparable rating to, the Offered Notes.
MATURITY DATES
The Maturity Date of each Class of Offered Notes are as set forth under
"Summary of Terms" herein. The Maturity Dates of the Class A-1, Class A-2,
Class A-3, and Class A-4 Notes were determined by calculating the final
Distribution Date with respect to each such Class on the basis of the Modeling
Assumptions (except it is assumed that no Excess Spread is applied to reduce
the Security Balances of the Notes) and an assumed constant prepayment rate of
0% of the Prepayment Assumption, and adding one year thereto. The Maturity
Dates of the Class A-5, Class M-1, Class M-2 Notes and Class B-1 Notes were
determined by adding one year to the maturity date of the latest maturing Loan
(including Subsequent Loans). The actual maturity of any Class of Offered
Notes may be significantly earlier than the applicable Maturity Date.
WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIVES OF THE OFFERED NOTES
The following information is given solely to illustrate the effect of
prepayments of the Loans on the weighted average lives of the Offered Notes
under certain stated assumptions and is not a prediction of the prepayment
rate that may actually be experienced by the Loans. Weighted average life
refers to the average amount of time that will elapse from the date of
delivery of a security until each dollar of principal of such security will be
repaid to the investor. The weighted average lives of the Offered Notes will
be influenced by the rate at which principal of the Loans is paid, which may
be in the form of scheduled amortization or prepayments (for this purpose, the
term "PREPAYMENT" includes reductions of principal, including, without
limitation, those resulting from unscheduled full or partial prepayments,
refinancings, liquidations and write-offs due to defaults, casualties or other
dispositions and substitutions and repurchases by or on behalf of the Asset
Seller), the rate at which Excess Spread is distributed to holders of the
Offered Notes as described herein, the extent to which amounts remain in the
Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period are distributed to
holders of the Offered Notes as described herein and the delinquency rate of
the Loans from time to time.
Prepayments on loans such as the Loans are commonly measured relative to a
prepayment standard or model. The model used in this Prospectus Supplement is
the prepayment assumption (the "PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION"), which represents an
assumed rate of prepayment
S-39
<PAGE>
each month relative to the then outstanding principal balance of the pool of
loans for the life of such loans. A % Prepayment Assumption assumes a
constant prepayment rate ("CPR") of % per annum of the outstanding principal
balance of such loans in the first month of the life of the loans and an
additional approximate % (expressed as a percentage per annum) in each month
thereafter until the twelfth month; beginning in the twelfth month and in each
month thereafter during the life of the loans, a CPR of % per annum each
month is assumed. As used in the table below, a 0% Prepayment Assumption
assumes a prepayment rate equal to 0% of the Prepayment Assumption (i.e., no
prepayments). Correspondingly, a % Prepayment Assumption assumes a
prepayment rate equal to % of the Prepayment Assumption, and so forth. The
Prepayment Assumption does not purport to be an historical description of
prepayment experience or a prediction of the anticipated rate of prepayment of
any pool of loans, including the Loans. Neither the Asset Seller, the
Depositor nor the Underwriters make any representations about the
appropriateness of the Prepayment Assumption or the CPR.
Modeling Assumptions. For purposes of preparing the tables below, the
following assumptions (the "MODELING ASSUMPTIONS") have been made:
(i) all scheduled principal payments on the Loans are timely received on
the first day of a Due Period, which will begin on the first day of each
month and end on the thirtieth day of the month, with the first Due Period
for the Initial Loans commencing on , 199 , and with the first Due
Period for the Subsequent Loans commencing on , 199 no delinquencies
or losses occur on the Loans and all Loans have a first payment date that
occurs thirty (30) days after the origination thereof;
(ii) the scheduled payments on the Loans have been calculated on the
outstanding Principal Balance (prior to giving effect to prepayments), the
Loan Rate and the remaining term to stated maturity such that the Loans
will fully amortize by their remaining term to stated maturity;
(iii) all scheduled payments of interest and principal in respect of the
Loans have been made through the Cut-Off Date or, in the case of Sub-Pool
10, , 199 ;
(iv) all Loans prepay monthly at the specified percentages of the
Prepayment Assumption, no optional or other early termination of the
Offered Notes occurs (except with respect to the calculation of the
"Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)" figures in the following tables)
and no substitutions or repurchases of the Loans occur;
(v) all prepayments in respect of the Loans include 30 days' accrued
interest thereon;
(vi) the Closing Date for the Offered Notes is , 199 ;
(vii) each year will consist of twelve 30-day months;
(viii) cash distributions are received by the holders of the Offered
Notes on the 25th day of each month, commencing in 199 ;
(ix) the Overcollateralization Target Amount will be as defined herein;
(x) the Pre-Funding Distribution Trigger does not occur;
(xi) the Interest Rate for each Class of Notes (other than the Class A-1
Notes) is as set forth on the cover page hereof;
(xii) the Interest Rate on the Class A-1 Notes will remain constant at %
per annum; and
(xiii) the additional fees deducted from the interest collections in
respect of the Loans include the Servicing Fee and % on the aggregate
Security Balances of the Notes in respect of all other fees;
(xiv) no reinvestment income from any Account (defined below) is earned
and available for distribution;
S-40
<PAGE>
(xv) Sub-Pool 10 (specified in the table below) is transferred to the
Trust in 199 with principal payments on such Loans being received by
the Servicer in 199 and passed through to holders of the Offered
Notes on the Distribution Date in 199 ;
(xvi) funds in the Pre-Funding Account will be invested in investments
that yield % per annum;
(xvii) the Pool consists of Loans having the following characteristics:
ASSUMED LOAN CHARACTERISTICS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CUT-OFF DATE ORIGINAL TERM TO REMAINING TERM TO
SUB-POOL PRINCIPAL BALANCE LOAN RATE MATURITY (MONTHS) MATURITY (MONTHS)
-------- ----------------- --------- ----------------- -----------------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
1..............
2..............
3..............
4..............
5..............
6..............
7..............
8..............
9..............
10(1)..........
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) Sub-Pool 10 represents the Original Pre-Funded Amount.
The following tables indicate at the specified percentages of the Prepayment
Assumption the corresponding weighted average lives of each Class of Notes.
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-1 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing
the results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-2 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing
the results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
S-41
<PAGE>
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-3 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing the
results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-4 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing the
results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS A-5 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing the
results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS M-1 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing the
results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
S-42
<PAGE>
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS M-2 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing
the results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
PERCENT OF ORIGINAL SECURITY BALANCE OUTSTANDING
AT THE FOLLOWING PERCENTAGES OF PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION(1)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
CLASS B-1 NOTES
-----------------------
DATE % % % % % %
---- --- --- --- --- --- ---
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Weighted Average Life-to-Maturity (Years)(2)...........
Weighted Average Life-to-Call (Years)(2)...............
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) The percentages in this table have been rounded to the nearest whole
number.
(2) The weighted average life of a Class is determined by (a) multiplying the
amount of each distribution of principal thereof by the number of years
from the date of issuance to the related Distribution Date, (b) summing
the results and (c) dividing the sum by the aggregate distributions of
principal referred to in clause (a) and rounding to one decimal place.
The foregoing tables have been prepared based on the Modeling Assumptions
(including the assumptions regarding the characteristics and performance of
the Loans which may differ from the actual characteristics and performance
thereof) and should be read in conjunction therewith.
The paydown scenarios for the Offered Notes set forth in the foregoing
tables are subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies (including
those discussed above under "Certain Prepayment and Yield Considerations"). As
a result, there can be no assurance that any of the foregoing paydown
scenarios and the Modeling Assumptions on which they were made will prove to
be accurate or that the actual weighted average lives of the Offered Notes
will not vary from those set forth in the foregoing tables, which variations
may be shorter or longer, and which variations may be greater with respect to
later years. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the Loans will prepay at a
constant rate or that all of the Loans will prepay at the same rate. Moreover,
the Loans actually included in the Pool, the payment experience of such Loans
and certain other factors affecting the distributions on the Offered Notes
will not conform to the Modeling Assumptions made in preparing the above
tables. In fact, the characteristics and payment experience of the Loans will
differ in many respects from such Modeling Assumptions. See "The Pool" herein.
To the extent that the Loans actually included in the Pool have
characteristics and a payment experience that differ from those assumed in
preparing the foregoing tables, the Offered Notes are likely to have weighted
average lives that are shorter or longer than those set forth in the foregoing
tables. See "Risk Factors--Prepayments May Adversely Affect Yield" herein.
In light of the uncertainties inherent in the foregoing paydown scenarios,
the inclusion of the weighted average lives of the Offered Notes in the
foregoing tables should not be regarded as a representation by the Asset
Seller, the Depositor, the Underwriters or any other person that any of the
foregoing paydown scenarios will be experienced.
S-43
<PAGE>
THE TRUST
GENERAL
[ ] Home Loan Owner Trust 199 -- (the "TRUST"), is a business trust to
be formed under the laws of the State of Delaware pursuant to the Deposit
Trust Agreement for the transactions described in this Prospectus Supplement.
After its formation, the Trust will not engage in any activity other than (i)
acquiring, holding and managing the Loans and the other assets of the Trust
and proceeds therefrom, (ii) issuing the Notes and the Residual Interest
Certificates, (iii) making payments on the Notes and the Residual Interest
Certificates and (iv) engaging in other activities that are necessary,
suitable or convenient to accomplish the foregoing or are incidental thereto
or in connection therewith. Audited financial statements of the Trust are
included in Appendix A to this Prospectus.
The Residual Interest Certificates represent the residual interest in the
assets of the Trust. The Trust will initially be capitalized with equity equal
to the Residual Interest. The Residual Interest Certificates, together with
the Notes, were delivered by the Trust to the Depositor as consideration for
the Loans pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
On the Closing Date, the Trust will purchase from the Depositor Initial
Loans having an aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-Off Date of
approximately $ (the "ORIGINAL POOL PRINCIPAL BALANCE") pursuant to a Sale
and Servicing Agreement dated as of , 199 (the "SALE AND SERVICING
AGREEMENT"), among the Trust, the Depositor, the Asset Seller, the Servicer
and the Indenture Trustee. On or prior to , 199 , the Trust may purchase
additional loans (the "Subsequent Loans" and, together with the Initial Loans,
the "Loans") having an aggregate unpaid principal balance of up to $ .
The assets of the Trust will consist primarily of the Pool of Loans, which
are either secured by Mortgages (the "MORTGAGE LOANS") or unsecured (the
"UNSECURED LOANS"). See "The Pool" herein. The assets of the Trust also will
include (i) payments of principal and interest in respect of the Loans
received after the Cut-Off Date; (ii) amounts on deposit in the Collection
Account, Note Distribution Account, Pre-Funding Account, Capitalized Interest
Account and Certificate Distribution Account; (iii) an assignment of the
Depositor's rights under a Home Loan Purchase Agreement dated as of ,
199 between the Asset Seller and the Depositor (the "HOME LOAN PURCHASE
AGREEMENT"); and (iv) certain other ancillary or incidental funds, rights and
properties related to the foregoing.
The Trust will include the unpaid Principal Balance of each Loan as of its
applicable Cut-Off Date (the "CUT-OFF DATE PRINCIPAL BALANCE"). The "PRINCIPAL
BALANCE" of a Loan on any day is equal to its Cut-Off Date Principal Balance
minus all principal reductions credited against the Principal Balance of such
Loan since the Cut-Off Date, including any principal losses recorded by the
Servicer on account of a modification of such Loan; provided however, that any
Liquidated Home Loan will have a Principal Balance of zero. With respect to
any date, the "POOL PRINCIPAL BALANCE" will be equal to the aggregate
Principal Balances of all Loans as of such date.
The Servicer will service the Loans pursuant to the Sale and Servicing
Agreement and will be compensated for such services as described under
"Description of the Transfer and Servicing Agreements--Servicing" herein.
The Trust's principal offices are located in , in care of , as Owner
Trustee, at the address set forth below under "--The Owner Trustee."
THE OWNER TRUSTEE
will act as the Owner Trustee under the Deposit Trust Agreement. is
a Delaware banking corporation and its principal offices are located at .
S-44
<PAGE>
Certain functions of the Owner Trustee under the Deposit Trust Agreement and
the Sale and Servicing Agreement will be performed by , including
maintaining the Certificate Distribution Account and making distributions
therefrom.
DESCRIPTION OF THE OFFERED NOTES
GENERAL
The Trust will issue ten Classes of Home Loan Asset Backed Notes
(collectively, the "NOTES") pursuant to an Indenture to be dated as of ,
199 (the "INDENTURE"), between the Trust and the Indenture Trustee. The Notes
listed on the cover hereof (the "OFFERED NOTES") have the designations and
aggregate initial principal amounts specified on the cover hereof. The Notes
will include $ aggregate initial principal amount of Class B-2 Notes (the
"CLASS B-2 NOTES") and $ Notional Amount of Class X-1 Notes. The "NOTIONAL
AMOUNT" of the Class X-1 Notes with respect to each Distribution Date is the
aggregate of the Security Balances for all other Classes of Notes on the
immediately preceding Distribution Date, or, in the case of the first
Distribution Date, on the Closing Date. The Trust will also issue certificates
(the "RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATES") evidencing the residual interest in the
Trust (the "RESIDUAL INTEREST") pursuant to the terms of a Deposit Trust
Agreement dated as of , 199 (the "DEPOSIT TRUST AGREEMENT"), among the
Asset Seller, the Depositor and the Owner Trustee. The Notes will be secured
by the assets of the Trust pursuant to the Indenture. The Class B-2 and Class
X-1 Notes and the Residual Interest Certificates are not being offered hereby.
On the 25th day of each month or, if such day is not a Business Day, the
first Business Day immediately following, commencing in 199 (each such
date, a "DISTRIBUTION DATE"), the Indenture Trustee or its designee will
distribute to the persons in whose names the Notes are registered on the last
Business Day of the month immediately preceding the month of the related
Distribution Date (each such date, a "RECORD DATE"), the portion of the
aggregate distribution to be made to each holder of a Note as described below.
Prior to any termination of the book-entry provisions, distributions on the
Offered Notes will be made to Beneficial Owners only through DTC and DTC
Participants. See "Description of the Securities--Book-Entry Registration of
Securities" in the Prospectus.
Beneficial ownership interests in each Class of Offered Notes will be held
in minimum denominations of $ and integral multiples of $ in excess
thereof; provided, however, that one Offered Note of each Class may be issued
in such denomination as may be necessary to represent the remainder of the
aggregate amount of Notes of such Class.
DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE OFFERED NOTES
For the definitions of certain of the defined terms used in the following
subsections, See "--Related Definitions" below.
Available Collection Amount. Distributions on the Offered Notes on each
Distribution Date will be made from the Available Collection Amount. The
Servicer will calculate the Available Collection Amount on the fourteenth
calendar day of each month or, if such day is not a Business Day, then the
immediately preceding Business Day (each such day, a "DETERMINATION DATE").
With respect to each Distribution Date, the "AVAILABLE COLLECTION AMOUNT" is
the sum of (i) all amounts received on the Loans or required to be paid by the
Servicer or the Asset Seller during the related Due Period (exclusive of
amounts not required to be deposited by the Servicer in the Collection Account
and amounts permitted to be withdrawn by the Indenture Trustee from the
Collection Account) as reduced by any portion thereof that may not be
withdrawn therefrom pursuant to an order of a United States bankruptcy court
of competent
S-45
<PAGE>
jurisdiction imposing a stay pursuant to Section 362 of the United States
Bankruptcy Code; (ii) any and all income or gain from investments in the
Collection Account, the Note Distribution Account and the Certificate
Distribution Account; (iii) the Purchase Price paid for any Loans required to
be repurchased and the Substitution Adjustment to be deposited in the
Collection Account in connection with any substitution, in each case prior to
the related Determination Date; and (iv) upon the exercise of an optional
termination of the Trust by the Majority Residual Interestholders, the
Termination Price.
Distributions of Interest. Interest on the Security Balance of each Class of
Notes (or Notional Amount, in the case of the Class X-1 Notes) will accrue
thereon during each Accrual Period at their respective Interest Rates per
annum, and will be payable to the holders of the Notes monthly on each
Distribution Date, commencing in 199 . The "INTEREST RATE" for each
Classes of Offered Notes (except the Class A-1 Notes) will be equal to the
respective interest rate per annum set forth on the cover hereof, for the
Class A-1 Notes will be a rate per annum equal to LIBOR (as defined herein)
for the related Accrual Period plus %, subject to a maximum rate equal to
the Net Weighted Average Rate, for the Class B-2 Notes will be % per annum
and for the Class X-1 Notes will be % per annum.
"LIBOR" for each Accrual Period (other than the initial Accrual Period) will
be the rate for United States dollar deposits for one month that appears on
Telerate Screen Page 3750 as of 11:00 a.m., London time, on the second LIBOR
Business Day before the first day of such Accrual Period. If such rate does
not appear on such page (or such other page as may replace that page on that
service, or if such service is no longer offered, such other service for
displaying LIBOR or comparable rates as may be reasonably selected by the
Indenture Trustee), LIBOR for the applicable Accrual Period will be the
Reference Bank Rate as defined herein. If no such quotations can be obtained
and no Reference Bank Rate is available, LIBOR will be LIBOR applicable to the
preceding Accrual Period. LIBOR for the initial Accrual Period will be % per
annum.
The "NET WEIGHTED AVERAGE RATE" with respect to any Accrual Period will be
the per annum rate equal to the weighted average (by principal balance) of the
Loan Rates as of the first day of the related Due Period less %.
The "ACCRUAL PERIOD" for each Class of Notes will be (i) in the case of the
Class A-1 Notes, the period beginning on the Distribution Date in the calendar
month preceding the month in which the related Distribution Date occurs (or,
in the case of the first Distribution Date, beginning on , 199 ) and
ending on the day preceding the related Distribution Date, and (ii) in the
case of the other Classes of Notes, the calendar month preceding the month in
which the related Distribution Date occurs. Interest on the Class A-1 Notes
will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and the actual number of
days elapsed in each Accrual Period. Interest on the other Classes of Notes
will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.
Interest distributions on the Notes will be made from the "AVAILABLE
DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT", which is the Available Collection Amount (plus, on the
Distribution Date relating to the Due Period in which the termination of the
Pre-Funding Period occurred, the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account
at such time and on each Distribution Date on or prior to the Distribution
Date in February 1998, the amount if any withdrawn from the Capitalized
Interest Account as described herein under "--Capitalized Interest Account")
remaining after the payment of the Trust Fees and Expenses. Interest payments
will be made, FIRST, to the Classes of Senior Notes PRO RATA, SECOND, to the
Classes of Mezzanine Notes sequentially, and, THIRD, to the Class B Notes
sequentially. Under certain circumstances, the amount available for interest
payments could be less than the amount of interest payable on all Classes of
Notes on any
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Distribution Date. In such event, each Note of the affected Class will receive
its ratable share (based upon the aggregate amount of interest due to such
Class) of the remaining amount available to be distributed as interest after
the payment of all interest due on each Class having a higher interest payment
priority. In addition, any such interest deficiency will be carried forward as
a Noteholders' Interest Carry-Forward Amount, and will be distributed to
holders of each such Class of Notes on subsequent Distribution Dates to the
extent that sufficient funds are available. Any such interest deficiency could
occur, for example, if delinquencies or losses realized on the Loans were
exceptionally high or were concentrated in a particular month. No interest
will accrue on any Noteholders' Interest Carry-Forward Amount.
Distributions of Principal. Principal distributions will be made to the
holders of the Notes on each Distribution Date in an amount generally equal to
(i) the Regular Principal Distribution Amount plus (ii) to the extent of the
Overcollateralization Deficiency Amount, any Excess Spread for such
Distribution Date less (iii) the excess, if any, of the Overcollateralization
Amount over the Overcollateralization Target Amount. The aggregate
distributions of principal to each Class of Notes will not exceed the Original
Security Balances thereof.
PRIORITY OF DISTRIBUTIONS
A. On each Distribution Date, the Regular Distribution Amount will be
distributed in the following order of priority:
(i) to the holders of the Senior Notes, pro rata, the applicable
portion of the Noteholders' Interest Distribution Amount required to be
distributed in respect of the Senior Notes;
(ii) sequentially, to the holders of the Class M-1 and Class M-2
Notes, in that order, the applicable portion of the Noteholders'
Interest Distribution Amount required to be distributed in respect of
the Mezzanine Notes;
(iii) sequentially, to the holders of the Class B-1 and Class B-2
Notes, in that order, the applicable portion of the Noteholders'
Interest Distribution Amount required to be distributed in respect of
the Class B Notes;
(iv) if with respect to such Distribution Date the Pre-Funding
Distribution Trigger has occurred, the amount on deposit in the Pre-
Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period will be
distributed to all Classes of Offered Notes and the Class B-2 Notes,
pro rata, based on the Original Security Balances thereof;
(v) sequentially, to pay principal to the holders of the Class A-1,
Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4 and Class A-5 Notes, in that order,
until the respective Security Balances thereof are reduced to zero, the
amount necessary to reduce the aggregate Security Balance of such
Senior Notes to the Senior Optimal Principal Balance for such
Distribution Date; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, that on each Distribution Date
occurring on or after any reduction of the Security Balances of the
Class M-1 Notes, Class M-2 Notes, Class B-1 Notes and Class B-2 Notes
to zero through the application of Allocable Loss Amounts,
distributions shall be made among the then outstanding Class A Notes
PRO RATA and not sequentially, until the respective Security Balances
thereof are reduced to zero;
(vi) sequentially, to the holders of the Class M-1 and the Class M-2
Notes, in that order, until the Security Balances thereof are reduced
to the Class M-1 Optimal Principal Balance and the Class M-2 Optimal
Principal Balance, respectively, for such Distribution Date;
(vii) sequentially, to the holders of the Class B-1 and Class B-2
Notes, in that order, until the Security Balances thereof are reduced
to the Class B-1 Optimal Principal Balance and the Class B-2 Optimal
Principal Balance, respectively, for such Distribution Date;
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(viii) sequentially, to the Class M-1 Notes, Class M-2 Notes, Class
B-1 Notes and the Class B-2 Notes, in that order, until their
respective Loss Reimbursement Deficiencies, if any, have been paid in
full; and
(ix) any remaining amount to the holders of the Residual Interest
Certificates.
The Class X-1 Notes are "interest only" Notes and will receive no
distributions in respect of principal.
B. On each Distribution Date, the Excess Spread, if any, will be
distributed in the following order of priority (in each case after giving
effect to all payments specified in paragraph A above):
(i) in an amount equal to the Overcollateralization Deficiency
Amount, if any, as follows:
(A) sequentially, as principal to the holders of the Class A-1,
Class A-2, Class A-3, Class A-4 and Class A-5 Notes, in that order,
until the respective Security Balances thereof are reduced to zero,
the amount necessary to reduce the aggregate Security Balance of
such Senior Notes to the Senior Optimal Principal Balance for such
Distribution Date;
(B) sequentially, as principal to the holders of the Class M-1 and
Class M-2 Notes, in that order, until the Security Balances thereof
are reduced to the Class M-1 Optimal Principal Balance and the Class
M-2 Optimal Principal Balance, respectively, for such Distribution
Date; and
(C) sequentially, as principal to the holders of the Class B-1 and
Class B-2 Notes, in that order, until the Security Balances thereof
are reduced to the Class B-1 Optimal Principal Balance and the Class
B-2 Optimal Principal Balance, respectively, for such Distribution
Date;
(ii) sequentially, to the Class M-1 Notes, the Class M-2 Notes, the
Class B-1 and the Class B-2 Notes, in that order, until their
respective Loss Reimbursement Deficiencies, if any, have been paid in
full; and
(iii) any remaining amount to the holders of the Residual Interest
Certificates.
RELATED DEFINITIONS
For purposes hereof, the following terms shall have the following meanings:
Business Day: Any day other than (i) a Saturday or a Sunday or (ii) a day on
which banking institutions in The City of New York or in the city in which the
corporate trust office of the Indenture Trustee is located or in the city in
which the Servicer's servicing operations are primarily located and are
authorized or obligated by law or executive order to be closed.
Security Balance: With respect to each Class of Notes (except for the Class
X-1 Notes) and as of any date of determination, the Original Security Balance
of such Class reduced by the sum of (i) all amounts previously distributed in
respect of principal of such Class on all previous Distribution Dates and (ii)
with respect to the Mezzanine Notes and the Class B Notes, all Allocable Loss
Amounts applied in reduction of principal of such Classes on all previous
Distribution Dates. The Class X-1 Notes will have no Security Balance.
Class B-1 Optimal Principal Balance: With respect to any Distribution Date
prior to the Stepdown Date, zero; and with respect to any other Distribution
Date, the Pool Principal Balance as of the related Determination Date minus
the sum of (i) the aggregate Security Balance of the Senior Notes and the
Mezzanine Notes (after taking into account any distributions made on such
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Distribution Date in reduction of the Security Balances of the Senior Notes
and the Mezzanine Notes) and (ii) the greater of (x) % of the Pool Principal
Balance as of the related Determination Date plus the Overcollateralization
Target Amount (calculated without giving effect to the proviso in the
definition thereof) for such Distribution Date and (y) % of the sum of the
Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount.
Class B-2 Optimal Principal Balance: With respect to any Distribution Date
prior to the Stepdown Date, zero; and with respect to any other Distribution
Date, the Pool Principal Balance as of the related Determination Date minus
the sum of (i) the aggregate Security Balance of the Senior Notes, the
Mezzanine Notes and the Class B-1 Notes (after taking into account any
distributions made on such Distribution Date in reduction of the Security
Balances of the Senior Notes, the Mezzanine Notes and the Class B-1 Notes) and
(ii) the Overcollateralization Target Amount for such Distribution Date.
Class M-1 Optimal Principal Balance: With respect to any Distribution Date
prior to the Stepdown Date, zero; and with respect to any other Distribution
Date, the Pool Principal Balance as of the related Determination Date minus
the sum of (i) the aggregate Security Balance of the Senior Notes (after
taking into account distributions made on such Distribution Date in reduction
of the Security Balances of the Classes of Senior Notes) and (ii) the greater
of (x) % of the Pool Principal Balance as of the related Determination Date
plus the Overcollateralization Target Amount (calculated without giving effect
to the proviso in the definition thereof) for such Distribution Date and (y)
% of the sum of the Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-
Funded Amount.
Class M-2 Optimal Principal Balance: With respect to any Distribution Date
prior to the Stepdown Date, zero; and with respect to any other Distribution
Date, the Pool Principal Balance as of the related Determination Date minus
the sum of (i) the aggregate Security Balance of the Senior Notes (after
taking into account any distributions made on such Distribution Date in
reduction of the Security Balances of the Classes of Senior Notes) plus the
Security Balance of the Class M-1 Notes (after taking into account any
distributions made on such Distribution Date in reduction of the Security
Balance of the Class M-1 Notes made prior to such determination) and (ii) the
greater of (x) % of the Pool Principal Balance as of the related
Determination Date plus the Overcollateralization Target Amount (without
giving effect to the proviso in the definition thereof) for such Distribution
Date and (y) % of the sum of the Original Pool Principal Balance and the
Original Pre-Funded Amount.
Excess Spread: With respect to any Distribution Date, the positive excess,
if any, of (a) the Available Distribution Amount over (b) the Regular
Distribution Amount.
Insurance Proceeds: With respect to any Distribution Date, the proceeds paid
to the Indenture Trustee or the Servicer by any insurer pursuant to any
insurance policy covering a Loan, Mortgaged Property or REO Property or any
other insurance policy that relates to a Loan, net of any expenses which are
incurred by the Indenture Trustee or the Servicer in connection with the
collection of such proceeds and not otherwise reimbursed to the Indenture
Trustee or the Servicer, but excluding the proceeds of any insurance policy
that are to be applied to the restoration or repair of the Mortgaged Property
or released to the Obligor in accordance with accepted loan servicing
procedures.
LIBOR Business Day: Any day on which banks are open for dealing in foreign
currency and exchange in London and New York City.
Liquidated Home Loan: Any Loan in respect of which a monthly payment is in
excess of 30 days and as to which the Servicer has determined that all
recoverable liquidation and insurance
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proceeds have been received, which will be deemed to occur upon the earliest
of: (a) the liquidation of the related Mortgaged Property acquired through
foreclosure or similar proceedings, (b) the Servicer's determination in
accordance with customary accepted servicing practices that no further amounts
are collectible on the Loan and any related Mortgaged Property or (c) any
portion of a scheduled monthly payment of principal and interest is in excess
of 180 days past due.
Loss Reimbursement Deficiency: As of any date of determination and as to the
Class M-1 Notes, Class M-2 Notes, Class B-1 Notes or the Class B-2 Notes, the
amount of Allocable Loss Amounts applied to the reduction of the Security
Balance of such Class plus, interest accrued on the unreimbursed portion
thereof at the applicable Interest Rates through the end of the Due Period
immediately preceding the date of payment.
Net Delinquency Calculation Amount: With respect to any Distribution Date,
the excess, if any, of (x) the product of the Multiplier and the Six-Month
Rolling Delinquency Average over (y) the aggregate of the amounts of Excess
Spread for the three preceding Distribution Dates. The "MULTIPLIER" will
initially equal . The Multiplier may from time to time be permanently
modified to a lesser amount (including zero) in the event that the Issuer
shall have delivered to the Indenture Trustee confirmation from each Rating
Agency that the rating assigned by it to each Class of Notes which it
originally rated will not be downgraded or withdrawn as a result of such
reduction.
Net Liquidation Proceeds: With respect to any Distribution Date, any cash
amounts received from Liquidated Home Loans, whether through trustee's sale,
foreclosure sale, disposition of Mortgaged Properties or otherwise (other than
Insurance Proceeds and Released Mortgaged Property Proceeds), and any other
cash amounts received in connection with the management of the Mortgaged
Properties from defaulted Loans, in each case, net of any reimbursements to
the Servicer made from such amounts for any unreimbursed Servicing
Compensation and Servicing Advances made and any other fees and expenses paid
in connection with the foreclosure, conservation and liquidation of the
related Liquidated Home Loans or Foreclosure Properties.
Noteholders' Interest Carry-Forward Amount: With respect to any Distribution
Date, the excess, if any, of the Noteholders' Monthly Interest Distribution
Amount for the preceding Distribution Date plus any outstanding Noteholders'
Interest Carry-Forward Amount on such preceding Distribution Date, over the
amount in respect of interest that is actually deposited in the Note
Distribution Account on such preceding Distribution Date.
Noteholders' Interest Distribution Amount: With respect to any Distribution
Date, the sum of the Noteholders' Monthly Interest Distribution Amount and the
Noteholders' Interest Carry-Forward Amount.
Noteholders' Monthly Interest Distribution Amount: With respect to any
Distribution Date, interest accrued for the related Due Period on each Class
of Notes at the respective Interest Rate for such Class on the Security
Balance thereof (or Notional Amount, in the case of the Class X-1 Notes) on
the immediately preceding Distribution Date (or, in the case of the first
Distribution Date, on the Closing Date), after giving effect to all payments
of principal to the holders of such Class of Notes on or prior to such
preceding Distribution Date.
Notional Amount: With respect to the Class X-1 Notes and each Distribution
Date, the aggregate of the Security Balances for all other Classes of Notes on
the immediately preceding Distribution Date, or in the close of the first
Distribution Date, on the Closing Date.
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Overcollateralization Amount: With respect to any Distribution Date, the
amount equal to the excess of (a) the sum of the Pool Principal Balance and
the Pre-Funded Amount, each as of the end of the preceding Due Period, over
(b) the aggregate of the Security Balances of the Notes (after giving effect
to distributions on the Notes on such Distribution Date).
Overcollateralization Deficiency Amount: With respect to any date of
determination, the excess, if any, of the Overcollateralization Target Amount
over the Overcollateralization Amount.
Overcollateralization Target Amount: (A) With respect to any Distribution
Date occurring prior to the Stepdown Date, an amount equal to the greater of
(x) % of the sum of the Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-
Funded Amount and (y) the Net Delinquency Calculation Amount; and (B) with
respect to any other Distribution Date, an amount equal to the greater of (x)
% of the Pool Principal Balance as of the end of the related Due Period and
(y) the Net Delinquency Calculation Amount; provided, however, that the
Overcollateralization Target Amount will in no event be less than % of the
sum of the Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount
or greater than the sum of the aggregate Security Balances of all Classes of
Notes.
Reference Bank Rate: With respect to any Accrual Period (other than the
initial Accrual Period), the arithmetic mean (rounded upwards, if necessary,
to the nearest one sixteenth of a percent) of the offered rates for United
States dollar deposits for one month that are offered by the Reference Banks
as of 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the second LIBOR Business Day prior
to the first day of such Accrual Period to prime banks in the London interbank
market for a period of one month in amounts approximately equal to the
outstanding Security Balance of the Class A-1 Notes, provided that at least
two such Reference Banks provide such rate. If fewer than two offered rates
appear, the Reference Bank Rate will be the arithmetic mean of the rates
quoted by one or more major banks in New York City, selected by the Indenture
Trustee, as of 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on such date for loans in U.S.
Dollars to leading European Banks for a period of one month in amounts
approximately equal to the outstanding Security Balance of the Class A-1
Notes. If no such quotations can be obtained, the Reference Bank Rate will be
the Reference Bank Rate applicable to the preceding Accrual Period.
Reference Banks: Three money center banks selected by the Indenture Trustee.
Regular Distribution Amount: With respect to any Distribution Date, the
lesser of (a) the Available Distribution Amount and (b) the sum of (i) the
Noteholders' Interest Distribution Amount, (ii) the Regular Principal
Distribution Amount and (iii) if such Distribution Date relates to the Due
Period in which the Pre-Funding Period shall have ended and at the termination
of the Pre-Funding Period a Pre-Funding Distribution Trigger shall have
occurred, the amount on deposit on the Pre-Funding Account on such
Distribution Date.
Regular Principal Distribution Amount: On each Distribution Date, an amount
(but not in excess of the aggregate of the Security Balances of the Notes
immediately prior to such Distribution Date) equal to the sum of (i) each
scheduled payment of principal collected by the Servicer in the related Due
Period, (ii) all full and partial principal prepayments applied by the
Servicer during such related Due Period, (iii) the principal portion of all
Net Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds and Released Mortgaged Property
Proceeds received during the related Due Period, (iv) that portion of the
Purchase Price of any repurchased Loan which represents principal received
prior to the related Determination Date, (v) the principal portion of any
Substitution Adjustments required to be deposited in the Collection Account as
of the related Determination Date, (vi) if such Distribution Date relates to
the Due Period in which the Pre-Funding Period shall have ended and at the
termination of such Pre-Funding Period a Pre-
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Funding Distribution Trigger shall not have occurred, the amount on deposit in
the Pre-Funding Account on such date, and (vii) on the Distribution Date on
which the Trust is to be terminated pursuant to the Sale and Servicing
Agreement, the Termination Price (net of any accrued and unpaid interest, due
and unpaid Trust Fees and Expenses and unreimbursed Servicing Advances).
Released Mortgaged Property Proceeds: With respect to any Mortgage Loan, the
proceeds received by the Servicer in connection with (i) a taking of an entire
Mortgaged Property by exercise of the power of eminent domain or condemnation
or (ii) any release of part of the Mortgaged Property from the lien of the
related Mortgage, whether by partial condemnation, sale or otherwise, which
proceeds are not released to the Obligor in accordance with applicable law,
accepted mortgage servicing procedures and the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
Senior Optimal Principal Balance: With respect to any Distribution Date
prior to the Stepdown Date, zero; with respect to any other Distribution Date,
an amount equal to the Pool Principal Balance as of the related Determination
Date minus the greater of (a) % of the Pool Principal Balance as of the
related Determination Date plus the Overcollateralization Target Amount
(without giving effect to the proviso in the definition thereof) for such
Distribution Date and (b) % of the sum of the Original Pool Principal
Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount.
Six-Month Rolling Delinquency Average: With respect to any Distribution
Date, the average of the applicable 60-Day Delinquency Amounts for each of the
six immediately preceding Due Periods, where the 60-Day Delinquency Amount for
any Due Period is the aggregate of the Principal Balances of all Loans that
are 60 or more days delinquent, in foreclosure or REO Property as of the end
of such Due Period.
Stepdown Date: The first Distribution Date occurring after as to
which:
(1) the Pool Principal Balance has been reduced to % of the sum of the
Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount;
(2) the Net Delinquency Calculation Amount is less than % of the sum of
the Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount; and
(3) the aggregate Security Balance of the Senior Notes (after giving
effect to distributions of principal on such Distribution Date) will be
able to be reduced on such Distribution Date (such determination to be made
by the Indenture Trustee prior to giving effect to any distributions on
such Distribution Date) to the excess of (i) the Pool Principal Balance as
of the preceding Determination Date over (ii) the greater of (a) the sum of
(1) % of the Pool Principal Balance as of the preceding Determination
Date and (2) the Overcollateralization Target Amount for such Distribution
Date (such Overcollateralization Target Amount calculated without giving
effect to the proviso in the definition thereof and calculated pursuant
only to clause (B) in the definition thereof) and (b) % of the sum of the
Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount.
APPLICATION OF ALLOCABLE LOSS AMOUNTS
Following any reduction of the Overcollateralization Amount to zero, any
Allocable Loss Amounts will be applied, sequentially, in reduction of the
Security Balances of the Class B-2, the Class B-1 Notes, the Class M-2 Notes
and the Class M-1 Notes, in that order, until their respective Security
Balances have been reduced to zero. The Security Balances of the Senior Notes
will not be reduced by any application of Allocable Loss Amounts. The
reduction of the Security Balance of any applicable Class of Offered Notes by
the application of Allocable Loss Amounts entitles such Class to reimbursement
in an amount equal to the Loss Reimbursement
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Deficiency. Each such Class of Notes will be entitled to receive its Loss
Reimbursement Deficiency, or any portion thereof, in accordance with the
payment priorities specified herein. Payment in respect of Loss Reimbursement
Deficiencies will not reduce the Security Balance of the related Class or
Classes. The Loss Reimbursement Deficiency with respect to any Class will
remain outstanding until the earlier of (x) the payment in full of such amount
to the holders of such Class and (y) the occurrence of the applicable Maturity
Date (although there is no requirement that such amounts be paid on such
date).
PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT
On the Closing Date, approximately $ (the "ORIGINAL PRE-FUNDED AMOUNT")
will be deposited in an account (the "PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT"), which account
will be in the name of the Indenture Trustee and shall be part of the Trust
and which amount will be used only to acquire Subsequent Loans. During the
Pre-Funding Period, the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account (net of
investment earnings thereon) (the "PRE-FUNDED AMOUNT") will be reduced by the
amount thereof used to purchase Subsequent Loans in accordance with the Sale
and Servicing Agreement. The "PRE-FUNDING PERIOD" is the period commencing on
the Closing Date and ending generally on the earlier to occur of (i) the date
on which the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account (net of any
investment earnings thereon) is less than $ and (ii) , 199 . On the
Distribution Date following the Due Period in which the termination of the
Pre-Funding Period occurs, if the Pre-Funded Amount at the end of the Pre-
Funding Period is less than $ , any such Pre-Funded Amount will be
distributed to holders of the Classes of Offered Notes and the Class B-2 Notes
then entitled to receive principal on such Distribution Date in reduction of
the related Security Balances, thus resulting in a partial redemption of the
related Securities on such date. On the Distribution Date following the Due
Period in which the termination of the Pre-Funding Period occurs, if the Pre-
Funded Amount at the end of the Pre-Funding Period is greater than or equal to
$ , such Pre-Funded Amount will be distributed to the holders of all Classes
of Offered Notes and the Class B-2 Notes, PRO RATA, based on the respective
Original Security Balances thereof.
Amounts on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account will be invested in eligible
investments. All interest and any other investment earnings on amounts on
deposit in the Pre-Funding Account will be deposited in the Note Distribution
Account.
CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT
On the Closing Date, a portion of the sales proceeds of the Notes will be
deposited in an account (the "CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT") for application
by the Indenture Trustee on the Distribution Dates in 199 , 199 ,
199 and 199 to cover shortfalls in interest on the Offered Notes
and the Class B-2 Notes that may arise due to the utilization of the Pre-
Funding Account as described herein. Any amounts remaining in the Capitalized
Interest Account at the end of the Pre-Funding Period will be paid to .
OPTIONAL TERMINATION OF THE TRUST
The holders of an aggregate percentage interest in the Residual Interest
Certificates in excess of 50% (the "MAJORITY RESIDUAL INTERESTHOLDERS") may,
at their option, effect an early termination of the Trust on or after any
Distribution Date on which the Pool Principal Balance declines to 10% or less
of the sum of the Original Pool Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded
Amount, by purchasing all of the Loans at a price equal to or greater than the
Termination Price. The "TERMINATION PRICE" shall be an amount equal to the
greater of (a) sum of (i) the then outstanding Security Balances of the
Classes of Notes plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon, or in the case
of the Class X-1 Notes, all accrued and unpaid interest on their
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outstanding Notional Amount, (ii) any Trust Fees and Expenses due and unpaid
on such date and (iii) any unreimbursed Servicing Advances including such
Servicing Advances deemed to be nonrecoverable and (b) the sum of (i) the
Principal Balance of each Loan included in the Trust as of the last day of the
month immediately preceding such Distribution Date; (ii) all unpaid interest
accrued on the Principal Balance of each such Loan at the related interest
rate, net of the Servicing Fee, to such date; and (iii) the aggregate fair
market value of each foreclosure property included in the Trust on such date,
as determined by an independent appraiser acceptable to the Indenture Trustee
as of a date not more than 30 days prior to such date. The proceeds from such
sale will be distributed (i) first, to the outstanding Trust Fees and
Expenses, (ii) second, to the Servicer for unreimbursed Servicing Advances
including such Servicing Advances deemed to be nonrecoverable, (iii) third, to
the holders of Notes in an amount equal to the then outstanding Security
Balance of the Notes plus all accrued and unpaid interest thereon and (iv)
fourth, to the holders of the Residual Interest, in an amount equal to the
amount of proceeds remaining, if any, after the distributions specified in
clauses (i) through (iii) above.
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT ENHANCEMENT
Credit enhancement with respect to the Offered Notes will be provided by (i)
the subordination of the right of the Residual Interest and certain Classes of
Notes to receive distributions with respect to interest and principal as
described below under "--Subordination and Allocation of Losses" and (ii) the
overcollateralization feature described below under "--Overcollateralization."
SUBORDINATION AND ALLOCATION OF LOSSES
Distributions of interest on the Notes will be made first to the Senior
Notes, second to the Class M-1 Notes, third to the Class M-2 Notes, fourth to
the Class B-1 Notes and then to the Class B-2 Notes, such that no interest
will be paid on the Mezzanine Notes until all required interest payments have
been made on the Senior Notes and no interest will be paid on the Class B
Notes until all required interest payments have been made on the Senior Notes
and the Mezzanine Notes. In addition, distributions of principal of the Notes
generally will be made sequentially, such that no Class of Notes will receive
any distributions of principal until the Security Balances of all Classes of
Notes having lower numerical designations have received all required
distributions of principal. In addition, all Allocable Loss Amounts applied in
reduction of the Security Balances of the Mezzanine Notes and Class B Notes
will be applied first to the Class B-2 Notes, second to the Class B-1 Notes,
third to the Class M-2 Notes and then to the Class M-1 Notes, until their
respective Security Balances have been reduced to zero. Allocable Loss Amounts
will not be applied to any Class of Senior Notes. The rights of the holders of
the Residual Interest and the Class B-2 Notes to receive any distributions on
any Distribution Date generally will be subordinated to the rights of the
holders of the Offered Notes. The subordination described above is intended to
enhance the likelihood of the regular receipt of interest and principal due to
the holders of the Classes of Notes and to afford such holders protection
against losses on the Loans, with the greatest amount of such enhancement and
protection being provided to the Classes of Senior Notes, a lesser amount of
such enhancement and protection being provided to the Mezzanine Notes and, in
particular, the Class M-2 Notes, and the least amount of such enhancement and
protection being provided to the Class B Notes, and in particular, the Class
B-2 Notes. See "Risk Factors--Credit Enhancement is Limited in Amount" herein.
On each Distribution Date, the "ALLOCABLE LOSS AMOUNT" will be equal to the
excess, if any, of (a) the aggregate of the Security Balances of all Classes
of Notes (after giving effect to all distributions on such Distribution Date)
over (b) the sum of the Pool Principal Balance and the Pre-Funded Amount, each
as of the end of the preceding Due Period.
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OVERCOLLATERALIZATION
As of any date of determination, the "OVERCOLLATERALIZATION AMOUNT" will
equal the excess of the sum of the Pool Principal Balance and the Pre-Funded
Amount, each as of the end of the previous Due Period over the aggregate of
the Security Balances of all Classes of Notes (after giving effect to all
distributions on the Notes on such Distribution Date). On the Closing Date,
the Overcollateralization Amount will be equal to zero. A limited acceleration
of the principal amortization of the Notes relative to the principal
amortization of the Loans has been designed to increase the
Overcollateralization Amount over time by making additional distributions of
principal to the holders of the Notes from the distribution of Excess Spread
until the Overcollateralization Amount is at least equal to the
Overcollateralization Target Amount. The "OVERCOLLATERALIZATION TARGET AMOUNT"
for any Distribution Date occurring prior to the Stepdown Date will be equal
to the greater of (x) % of the sum of the Original Pool Principal Balance
and the Original Pre-Funded Amount and (y) the Net Delinquency Calculation
Amount; with respect to any other Distribution Date, the Overcollateralization
Target Amount will be equal to the greater of (x) % of the Pool Principal
Balance as of the end of the related Due Period and (y) the Net Delinquency
Calculation Amount; provided, however, that the Overcollateralization Target
Amount will in no event be less than % of the sum of the Original Pool
Principal Balance and the Original Pre-Funded Amount or greater than the sum
of the aggregate Security Balances of all Classes of Notes.
If on any Distribution Date there exists an Overcollateralization Deficiency
Amount (as defined herein), distributions of Excess Spread, if any, will be
made as an additional distribution of principal to the holders of the Notes,
to be allocated among the Classes of Notes in the order of priority set forth
under "Description of the Offered Notes--Priority of Distributions" herein.
Such distributions of Excess Spread are intended to accelerate the
amortization of the Security Balances of all Classes of Notes relative to the
amortization of the Loans, thereby increasing the Overcollateralization
Amount. The relative percentage of the aggregate of the Security Balances of
the Notes to the Pool Principal Balance will decrease as a result of the
application of Excess Spread to reduce the Security Balances of the Notes.
On any Distribution Date with respect to which the Overcollateralization
Deficiency Amount is equal to zero, all or a portion of the Excess Spread may
be distributed to the holders of the Residual Interest rather than being
distributed as principal to the holders of the Notes, thereby ceasing the
acceleration of principal amortization of the Notes in relation to the
principal amortization of the Pool until such time as the
Overcollateralization Deficiency Amount is greater than zero (i.e., due to a
reduction in the Overcollateralization Amount as a result of Net Loan Losses
or delinquencies or due to an increase in the Overcollateralization Target
Amount as a result of the failure to satisfy certain delinquency criteria).
While the application of Excess Spread in the manner specified above has
been designed to produce and maintain a given level of overcollateralization,
there can be no assurance that Excess Spread will be generated in sufficient
amounts to ensure that such overcollateralization level will be achieved or
maintained at all times. In particular, a high rate of delinquencies on the
Loans during any Due Period could cause the amount of interest received on the
Loans during such Due Period to be less than the amount of interest
distributable on the Notes on the related Distribution Date. In such a case,
the Security Balances of the Notes could decrease at a slower rate relative to
the Pool Principal Balance, resulting in a possible reduction of the
Overcollateralization Amount and, in some circumstances, an Allocable Loss
Amount. See "Risk Factors--Credit Enhancement is Limited in Amount" herein.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSFER AND SERVICING AGREEMENTS
The following summary describes certain terms of the Indenture, Sale and
Servicing Agreement, the Administration Agreement and the Deposit Trust
Agreement (collectively, the "TRANSFER AND SERVICING AGREEMENTS"). Copies of
the Transfer and Servicing Agreements will be filed with the Commission
following the issuance of the Offered Notes. The summary does not purport to
be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to,
all the provisions of the Transfer and Servicing Agreements.
SALE AND ASSIGNMENT OF THE LOANS
On the Closing Date, all of the Asset Seller's right, title and interest in
and to the Initial Loans will be sold, conveyed, transferred and assigned from
the Asset Seller to the Depositor and then from the Depositor to the Trust.
The Trust, concurrently with the sale, conveyance, transfer and assignment of
the Loans, will cause the Notes to be delivered to the Depositor in exchange
for the Loans. The Trust will pledge and assign the Loans to the Indenture
Trustee in exchange for the Notes. Each Loan will be identified in a schedule
appearing as an exhibit to the Sale and Servicing Agreement delivered to the
Indenture Trustee (the "LOAN SCHEDULE").
In addition, the Asset Seller will, as to each Loan, deliver or cause to be
delivered, to the Custodian, the related Note endorsed in blank or to the
order of the Indenture Trustee without recourse, any assumption and
modification agreements and the Mortgage, if any, with evidence of recording
indicated thereon (except for any Mortgage not returned from the public
recording office), an assignment of the Mortgage, if any, in the name of the
Indenture Trustee in recordable form, and any intervening assignments of the
Mortgage (collectively, as to each Loans the "INDENTURE TRUSTEE'S LOAN FILE").
The Asset Seller will deliver to the Custodian after recordation the
assignments of the Mortgages in the name of the Indenture Trustee. In the
event that, with respect to any Mortgage Loan, the Asset Seller cannot deliver
the Mortgage or any assignment of Mortgage with evidence of recording thereon
concurrently with the conveyance thereof under the Sale and Servicing
Agreement because it has or they have not yet been returned by the public
recording office, the Asset Seller will deliver or cause to be delivered to
the Custodian a true photocopy of such Mortgage or assignment of Mortgage. The
Asset Seller will deliver or cause to be delivered to the Custodian any such
Mortgage or assignment of Mortgage with evidence of recording indicated
thereon upon receipt thereof from the public recording office. The Custodian
will agree, for the benefit of the holders of the Notes, to review (or cause
to be reviewed) each Indenture Trustee's Loan File within 45 days after the
conveyance of the related Loan to the Trust to ascertain that all required
documents have been executed and received. Subject to certain cure provisions
set forth in the Transfer and Servicing Agreements, the Asset Seller will be
required to repurchase or replace Loans as to which a material document
deficiency exists.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
In the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Asset Seller will represent and
warrant to the Indenture Trustee, among other things, that: (i) the
information with respect to each Loan set forth in the Loan Schedule is true
and correct in all material respects; (ii) upon the sale to the Depositor of
each Loan, the Depositor will have good and indefeasible legal title to each
Loan, the related note and any related mortgage, free of all liens, pledges,
charges, mortgages, encumbrances or rights of others; (iii) as of the Cut-Off
Date, none of the Loans was 30 or more days past due; and (iv) at origination,
each Loan complied in all material respects with applicable state and federal
laws.
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TRUST FEES AND EXPENSES
As compensation for its services pursuant to the Sale and Servicing
Agreement, the Servicer is entitled to the Servicing Fee and additional
servicing compensation and reimbursement as described under "--Servicing"
below. As compensation for their services pursuant to the applicable Transfer
and Servicing Agreements, the Indenture Trustee is entitled to the Indenture
Trustee Fee, the Owner Trustee is entitled to the Owner Trustee Fee and the
Custodian is entitled to the Custodian Fee.
SERVICING
In consideration for the performance of the daily loan servicing functions
for the Loans, the Servicer is entitled to receive a monthly servicing fee
(the "SERVICING FEE") as to each Loan in the amount equal to one-twelfth of
the product of % (the "SERVICING FEE RATE") and the Principal Balance of
such Loan as of the first day of the immediately preceding Due Period (or as
of the Cut-Off Date, with respect to the first Due Period). The Servicer will
pay the fees of any Subservicer out of the amounts it receives as the
Servicing Fee. In addition to the Servicing Fee, the Servicer is entitled to
retain additional servicing compensation in the form of assumption,
modification and other administrative fees, insufficient funds charges, late
payment charges, prepayment penalties, and any other servicing-related
penalties and fees (such additional compensation and the Servicing Fee,
collectively, the "SERVICING COMPENSATION").
In the event of a delinquency or a default with respect to a Loan, the
Servicer will have no obligation to advance scheduled monthly payments of
principal or interest with respect to such Loan. However, the Servicer will
make reasonable and customary expense advances with respect to the Loans
(each, a "SERVICING ADVANCE") in accordance with its servicing obligations
under the Sale and Servicing Agreement and will be entitled to receive
reimbursement for such Servicing Advances. For example, such Servicing
Advances with respect to a Loan may include costs and expenses advanced for
the preservation, restoration and protection of the related Mortgaged
Property, including advances to pay delinquent real estate taxes and
assessments. Any Servicing Advances previously made and determined by the
Servicer in accordance with accepted servicing practices to be nonrecoverable
will be reimbursable from amounts in the Collection Account prior to
distributions to holders of the Offered Notes.
COLLECTION ACCOUNT, NOTE DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNT AND CERTIFICATE DISTRIBUTION
ACCOUNT
The Servicer is required to use its best efforts to deposit in an Eligible
Account (as defined in the Sale and Servicing Agreement) (the "COLLECTION
ACCOUNT"), within two Business Days after receipt, all payments on the related
Loans received after the Cut-Off Date on account of principal and interest,
all Net Liquidation Proceeds, Insurance Proceeds, Released Mortgaged Property
Proceeds, any amounts payable in connection with the repurchase or
substitution of any Loan, interest and gains on funds held in the Collection
Account, Note Distribution Account and Certificate Distribution Account and
any amount required to be deposited in the Collection Account in connection
with the termination of the Offered Notes. The foregoing requirements for
deposit in the Collection Account will be exclusive of payments on account of
principal and interest collected on the Loans on or before the Cut-Off Date.
Withdrawals will be made from the Collection Account only for the purposes
specified in the Sale and Servicing Agreement. The Collection Account may be
maintained at any depository institution which satisfies the requirements set
forth in the definition of Eligible Account in the Sale and Servicing
Agreement.
The Servicer will establish and maintain with the Indenture Trustee an
account, in the name of the Indenture Trustee on behalf of the holders of
Notes, into which amounts released from
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the Collection Account for distribution to the holders of Notes will be
deposited and from which all distributions to the holders of Notes will be
made (the "NOTE DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNT"). The Servicer will also establish and
maintain with the Indenture Trustee an account in the name of the Owner
Trustee on behalf of the holders of the Residual Interest Certificates, into
which amounts released from the Collection Account for distribution to the
Residual Interest Certificates will be deposited and from which all
distributions to the Residual Interest Certificates will be made (the
"CERTIFICATE DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNT" and, together with the Note Distribution
Account, the "DISTRIBUTION ACCOUNTS").
On the second Business Day prior to each Distribution Date, the Indenture
Trustee will deposit into the Distribution Accounts the applicable portions of
the Available Collection Amount by making the appropriate withdrawals from the
Collection Account. On each Distribution Date, the Indenture Trustee will make
withdrawals from the Distribution Accounts for application of the amounts
specified under "Description of the Offered Notes--Distributions on the
Offered Notes" above.
INCOME FROM ACCOUNTS
So long as no Event of Default will have occurred and be continuing, amounts
on deposit in the Distribution Accounts and the Collection Account
(collectively, the "ACCOUNTS") will be invested by the Indenture Trustee, as
directed by the Asset Seller, in one or more Permitted Investments (as defined
in the Sale and Servicing Agreement) bearing interest or sold at a discount.
No such investment in any Account will mature later than the Business Day
immediately preceding the next Distribution Date. All income or other gain
from investments in any Account will be deposited in such Account, immediately
on receipt and shall comprise a portion of the Available Collection Amount.
COLLECTION AND OTHER SERVICING PROCEDURES FOR LOANS
The Servicer has agreed to manage, service, administer and make collections
on the Loans and perform the other actions required by the Servicer under the
Sale and Servicing Agreement. In performing such obligations, the Servicer is
required to act in good faith in a commercially reasonable manner and in
accordance with the terms of the Sale and Servicing Agreement. The Servicer
has full power and authority, subject only to the specific requirements and
prohibitions of the Sale and Servicing Agreement and the respective Loans, to
do any and all things in connection with such servicing and administration
which are consistent with the manner in which it services similar types of
loans owned by the Servicer or any of its affiliates or serviced by the
Servicer for others and which are consistent with the ordinary practices of
prudent mortgage lending institutions.
If any payment due under any Loan is not paid when the same becomes due and
payable, or if the related Obligor fails to perform any other covenant or
obligation under the Loan and such failure continues beyond any applicable
grace period, the Servicer must take such action as it shall deem to be in the
best interest of the Trust.
The Servicer may modify any provision of any Loan if, in the Servicer's good
faith judgment, such modification would minimize the loss that might otherwise
be experienced with respect to such Loan, only in the event of a payment
default with respect to such Loan or in the event that a payment default with
respect to such Loan is reasonably foreseeable by the Servicer.
INSURANCE
The Servicer shall cause to be maintained such fire and hazard insurance
covering any Mortgaged Property acquired by the Trust in foreclosure as the
Servicer shall deem reasonable.
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REALIZATION UPON DEFAULTED MORTGAGE LOANS
With respect to any Mortgage Loan in default, the Servicer may, among other
things, accept short pay-offs, short sales, enter into assumptions and
modifications, pursue collection litigation or alternative court proceedings
to foreclosure actions, institute foreclosure proceedings, exercise any power
of sale to the extent permitted by law, obtain a deed in lieu of foreclosure,
or otherwise acquire possession of or title to any Mortgaged Property, by
operation of law or otherwise; provided, however, that in the Servicer's
reasonable judgment such action will be likely to result in a positive
economic benefit to the Trust by creating Net Liquidation Proceeds (after
reimbursement of all amounts owed with respect to such Mortgage Loan to the
Servicer); and provided, further, that the Servicer will have obtained, prior
to taking title to any Mortgaged Property, an environmental review of the
Mortgaged Property from a company having appropriate experience, the scope of
which is limited to the review of public records and documents for information
regarding whether such Mortgaged Property has on it, has under it or is near,
hazardous or toxic material or waste. If such review reveals that the
Mortgaged Property has on it, has under it or is near hazardous or toxic
material or waste or reveals any other environmental problem, the Servicer
shall provide a copy of the related report to the Indenture Trustee and title
shall be taken to such Mortgaged Property only after the Servicer provides to
the Indenture Trustee a certification that, based on an analysis of all
available information at the time, it is the best judgment of the Servicer
that such foreclosure shall increase Net Liquidation Proceeds to the Indenture
Trustee.
In connection with any such foreclosure proceeding, power of sale, deed in
lieu of foreclosure or other acquisition of a Mortgaged Property and any sale
or liquidation of the Loan or related Mortgaged Property, the Servicer shall
comply with the requirements of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, shall follow
such practices and procedures as are consistent with the Servicer's procedure
for foreclosure and operation of foreclosed property with respect to similar
loans held in the Servicer's portfolio for its own account or, if there are no
such loans, such loans serviced by the Servicer for others, giving due
consideration to accepted servicing practices of prudent lending institutions.
EVIDENCE AS TO COMPLIANCE
The Sale and Servicing Agreement provides that the Servicer deliver to the
Indenture Trustee, the Depositor and the Rating Agencies an annual statement
signed by an officer of the Servicer to the effect that the Servicer has
fulfilled its obligations under the Sale and Servicing Agreement throughout
the preceding year, except as specified in such statement.
Each year (within 90 days following the end of the Servicer's fiscal year),
beginning in , the Servicer will furnish to the Indenture Trustee a
report prepared by a firm of nationally recognized independent public
accountants (which may also render other services to the Servicer) to the
effect that such firm has examined certain documents and the records relating
to servicing of the Loans as specified in the Sale and Servicing Agreement and
such firm's conclusion that the Servicer is in compliance with respect
thereto.
[The Servicer's fiscal year is the calendar year.]
CERTAIN MATTERS REGARDING THE SERVICER
The Sale and Servicing Agreement provides that the Servicer may not resign
from its obligations and duties thereunder except (i) with the consent of the
Indenture Trustee or (ii) upon determination that the performance of its
duties under the Sale and Servicing Agreement are no longer permissible under
applicable law. Any such determination permitting the resignation of the
Servicer pursuant to clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence shall
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be evidenced by an opinion of counsel to such effect delivered and acceptable
to the Indenture Trustee. No resignation of the Servicer shall become
effective until the Indenture Trustee or a successor servicer shall have
assumed the Servicer's servicing responsibilities and obligations.
The Servicer has agreed not to merge or consolidate with any other company
or permit any other company to become the successor to the Servicer's business
unless, after the merger or consolidation, the successor or surviving entity
(i) shall be an Eligible Servicer (as defined in the Sale and Servicing
Agreement) and (ii) shall be capable of fulfilling the duties of the Servicer
contained in the Sale and Servicing Agreement. Any company into which the
Servicer may be merged or consolidated shall be the successor to the Servicer
under the Sale and Servicing Agreement without the execution or filing of any
paper or any further act.
The Sale and Servicing Agreement provides that neither the Servicer nor any
of its directors, officers, employees or agents shall have any liability to
the Trust or to the Beneficial Owners for any action taken, or for refraining
from taking any action, in good faith pursuant to the Sale and Servicing
Agreement or for errors in judgment, unless liability would otherwise be
imposed by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless
disregard in performing or failing to perform the Servicer's duties.
RIGHTS OF NOTEHOLDERS UPON OCCURRENCE OF EVENT OF DEFAULT
Under the Indenture, a failure to pay the full amount of the portion of the
Noteholders' Interest Payable Amount payable to the Senior Notes or, if the
Class A Notes have been paid in full, a failure to pay the portion of such
amount payable to the Class X-1 Notes and/or the other Class of Notes then
outstanding that has the next highest priority of payment (collectively, the
"HIGHEST PRIORITY CLASSES") within five days of the Distribution Date on which
such payment is due or the full amount of principal thereon on the related
Maturity Date (without regard to the amount of the Available Collection
Amount) will constitute an Event of Default (an "EVENT OF DEFAULT"). However,
an Event of Default will not occur solely due to (i) the failure to pay the
full amount of the Noteholders' Interest Payable Amount allocable to any Class
of Notes other than the Highest Priority Classes (a "NON-PRIORITY CLASS") or
(ii) allocation of an Allocable Loss Amount to a Non-Priority Class, until all
the Classes of Notes having a higher priority of payment (excluding the Class
X-1 Notes) have been paid in full (including all Noteholders' Interest Carry-
Forward Amounts and Loss Reimbursement Deficiencies payable with respect
thereto), and then only if all Noteholders' Interest Carry-Forward Amounts and
Loss Reimbursement Deficiencies payable to such Non-Priority Class have not
been paid. Until the Notes have been declared due and payable upon an Event of
Default, the holders of any Non-Priority Class may not request the Indenture
Trustee to take any action, other than the application of the Available
Collection Amount to principal and interest as provided herein, and may not
otherwise take or cause any action to be taken to enforce the obligation of
the Issuer to pay principal and interest on such Non-Priority Class.
Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default, holders of Senior Notes
representing more than 50% of the aggregate of the voting interests of the
Senior Notes then outstanding may exercise their remedies under the Indenture;
provided, however, that if the aggregate outstanding Security Balance of the
Class A Notes has been reduced to zero, the holders of the Highest Priority
Classes representing more than 50% of the voting interests of such Classes of
Notes may exercise their remedies under the Indenture.
SERVICER EVENTS OF DEFAULT
"Servicer Events of Default" will consist of, among other things: (i) any
failure of the Servicer to deposit in the Collection Account any amount
required to be deposited under the
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Sale and Servicing Agreement, which failure continues unremedied for two
Business Days; (ii) any failure by the Servicer duly to observe or perform in
any material respect any other of its covenants or agreements in the Sale and
Servicing Agreement, which failure continues unremedied for 30 Business Days
after notice; or (iii) certain events of insolvency, readjustment of debt,
marshaling of assets and liabilities or similar proceedings relating to the
Servicer and certain actions by the Servicer indicating insolvency,
reorganization or inability to pay its obligations (an "INSOLVENCY EVENT") or
the Servicer shall dissolve or liquidate, in whole or part, in any material
respect.
If a Servicer Event of Default shall occur and be continuing, the Indenture
Trustee or the holders of Notes evidencing not less than 50% of the voting
interests of the Notes, by notice given in writing to the Servicer (and to the
Indenture Trustee, if given by such holders of Notes) may terminate all of the
rights and obligations of the Servicer under the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
On or after the receipt by the Servicer of such written notice, and the
appointment of and acceptance of appointment by a successor Servicer, all
authority, power, obligations and responsibilities of the Servicer under the
Sale and Servicing Agreement shall become obligations and responsibilities of
the successor Servicer. After the Servicer receives a notice of termination or
upon the resignation of the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee shall be the
successor in all respects to the Servicer in its capacity as servicer under
the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
Any successor Servicer shall be entitled to such compensation (whether
payable out of the Collection Account or otherwise) as the Servicer would have
been entitled to under the Sale and Servicing Agreement if the Servicer had
not resigned or been terminated thereunder. In addition, any successor
Servicer shall be entitled to reasonable transition expenses incurred in
acting as successor Servicer.
THE OWNER TRUSTEE AND INDENTURE TRUSTEE
The Owner Trustee, the Indenture Trustee and any of their respective
affiliates may hold Offered Notes in their own names or as pledgees.
For the purpose of meeting the legal requirements of certain jurisdictions,
the Servicer, the Owner Trustee and the Indenture Trustee acting jointly (or
in some instances, the Owner Trustee or the Indenture Trustee acting alone)
will have the power to appoint co-trustees or separate trustees of all or any
part of the Trust. In the event of such an appointment, all rights, powers,
duties and obligations conferred or imposed upon the Owner Trustee by the Sale
and Servicing Agreement and the Deposit Trust Agreement and upon the Indenture
Trustee by the Sale and Servicing Agreement and the Indenture will be
conferred or imposed jointly upon the Owner Trustee and the Indenture Trustee,
respectively, and in each such case such separate trustee or co-trustee, or,
in any jurisdiction in which the Owner Trustee or Indenture Trustee will be
incompetent or unqualified to perform certain acts, singly upon such separate
trustee or co-trustee which will exercise and perform such rights, powers,
duties and obligations solely at the direction of the Owner Trustee or the
Indenture Trustee, respectively.
The Owner Trustee may resign at any time, in which event the Administrator
will be obligated to appoint a successor thereto. The Administrator may remove
the Owner Trustee if any of them ceases to be eligible to continue as such
under the Deposit Trust Agreement, or becomes legally unable to act or becomes
insolvent. In such circumstances, the Administrator will be obligated to
appoint a successor Owner Trustee. Any resignation or removal of the Owner
Trustee and appointment of a successor thereto will not become effective until
acceptance of the appointment by such successor.
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The Indenture Trustee may resign at any time, in which event will be
obligated to appoint a successor thereto. The holders of a majority in
outstanding amount of the Notes may remove the Indenture Trustee and may
appoint a successor thereto. will be obligated to remove the Indenture
Trustee if the Indenture Trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as such
under the Indenture, or becomes legally unable to act or becomes insolvent. In
such circumstances, will be obligated to appoint a successor Indenture
Trustee. Any resignation or removal of the Indenture Trustee and appointment
of a successor thereto will not become effective until acceptance of the
appointment by such successor.
The Deposit Trust Agreement and Indenture will provide that the Owner
Trustee and Indenture Trustee will be entitled to indemnification by the Asset
Seller, and will be held harmless against, any loss, liability or expense
incurred by the Owner Trustee or Indenture Trustee not resulting from its own
willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence (other than by reason of a breach
of any of its representations or warranties to be set forth in the Deposit
Trust Agreement or Indenture, as the case may be).
DUTIES OF THE OWNER TRUSTEE AND INDENTURE TRUSTEE
The Owner Trustee will make no representations as to the validity or
sufficiency of the Deposit Trust Agreement, the Securities (other than the
execution and authentication thereof) or of any Loans or related documents,
and will not be accountable for the use or application by the Depositor or the
Servicer of any funds paid to the Depositor or the Servicer in respect of the
Notes or the Loans, or the investment of any monies by the Servicer before
such monies are deposited into the Accounts. So long as no Event of Default
will have occurred and be continuing, the Owner Trustee will be required to
perform only those duties specifically required of it under the Deposit Trust
Agreement. Generally, those duties will be limited to the receipt of the
various certificates, reports or other instruments required to be furnished to
the Owner Trustee under the Deposit Trust Agreement, in which case they will
only be required to examine such certificates, reports or other instruments to
determine whether they conform to the requirements of the Deposit Trust
Agreement. The Owner Trustee will not be charged with knowledge of a failure
by the Servicer to perform its duties under the Deposit Trust Agreement or the
Sale and Servicing Agreement which failure constitutes a Servicer Event of
Default, unless the Owner Trustee obtains such actual knowledge of such
failure as specified in the Deposit Trust Agreement.
The Owner Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights
or powers vested in it by the Deposit Trust Agreement or to make any
investigation of matters arising thereunder or to institute, conduct or defend
any litigation thereunder or in relation thereto at the request, order or
direction of any of the holders of Residual Interest Certificates, unless such
holders have offered to the Owner Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or
thereby. Subject to the rights or consent of the holders of Notes and the
Indenture Trustee, no holder of a Residual Interest will have any right under
the Deposit Trust Agreement to institute any proceeding with respect to the
Deposit Trust Agreement, unless such holder previously has given to the Owner
Trustee written notice of the occurrence of a Servicer Event of Default and
the Servicer Event of Default arises from the Servicer's failure to remit
payments when due.
The Indenture Trustee will make no representations as to the validity or
sufficiency of the Indenture, the Securities (other than the execution and
authentication thereof) or of any Loans or related documents, and will not be
accountable for the use or application by the Depositor or the Servicer of any
funds paid to the Depositor or the Servicer in respect of the Notes or the
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Loans, or the investment of any monies by the Servicer before such monies are
deposited into the Accounts. So long as no Event of Default under the
Indenture will have occurred and be continuing, the Indenture Trustee will be
required to perform only those duties specifically required of it under the
Indenture. Generally, those duties will be limited to the receipt of the
various certificates, reports or other instruments required to be furnished to
the Indenture Trustee under the Indenture, in which case it will only be
required to examine them to determine whether they conform to the requirements
of the Indenture. The Indenture Trustee will not be charged with knowledge of
a failure by the Servicer to perform its duties under the Deposit Trust
Agreement, the Sale and Servicing Agreement or the Administration Agreement
which failure constitutes an Event of Default under the Indenture, unless the
Indenture Trustee obtains such actual knowledge of such failure as specified
in the Indenture.
The Indenture Trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of the
rights or powers vested in it by the Indenture or to make any investigation of
matters arising thereunder or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation
thereunder or in relation thereto at the request, order or direction of any of
the holders of Notes, unless such holders have offered to the Indenture
Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and
liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby. No holder of Notes will
have any right under the Indenture to institute any proceeding with respect to
the Indenture, unless such holder will previously have given to the Indenture
Trustee written notice of the occurrence of an Event of Default and (i) the
Event of Default arises from the Servicer's failure to remit payments when due
or (ii) holders of Notes evidencing not less than 25% of the voting interests
of the Highest Priority Classes, have made written request upon the Indenture
Trustee to institute such proceeding in its own name as the Indenture Trustee
thereunder and have offered to the Indenture Trustee reasonable indemnity and
the Indenture Trustee has for 30 days neglected or refused to institute any
such proceedings.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
Set forth below is a summary of certain United States federal income tax
considerations relevant to the beneficial owner of an Offered Note that holds
the Offered Note as a capital asset and, unless otherwise indicated below, is
a United States person (as defined in the Prospectus). This summary does not
address special tax rules which may apply to certain types of investors, and
investors that hold Offered Notes as part of an integrated investment. This
summary supplements the discussion contained in the Prospectus under the
heading "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences," and supersedes that
discussion to the extent that it is inconsistent therewith.
CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENT ARRANGEMENT
In the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, special counsel to the
Depositor, the Trust will not be treated as an association or a publicly
traded partnership taxable as a corporation or a taxable mortgage pool for
federal income tax purposes, but rather will be ignored and treated as a mere
security device when there is a single beneficial owner of the Trust, or will
be treated as a domestic partnership when there are two or more beneficial
owners of the Trust.
TAXATION OF HOLDERS
Characterization of the Offered Notes. There are no regulations, published
rulings or judicial decisions addressing the characterization for federal
income tax purposes of securities with terms that are substantially the same
as those of the Offered Notes. However, in the
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opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, special counsel to the Depositor,
the Offered Notes will be treated as indebtedness for federal income tax
purposes and not as an ownership interest in the Loans or an equity interest
in the Trust.
Interest and Original Issue Discount. Interest on the Offered Notes will be
treated as income to beneficial owners as such amounts are paid or accrue in
accordance with the holder's method of accounting. It is anticipated that the
Offered Notes will not be issued with original issue discount for federal
income tax purposes. Any premium or DE MINIMIS original issue discount with
respect to the Offered Notes will be determined in the same manner as
described under "Federal Income Tax Consequences--REMICs--Taxation of Owners
of Regular Securities--Acquisition Premium" and "--Original Issue Discount" in
the Prospectus. The prepayment assumption that will be used for determining if
original issue discount is DE MINIMIS or for amortizing premium for federal
income tax purposes is % of the Prepayment Assumption.
Sale, Exchange, Retirement or Other Disposition. Upon the sale, exchange,
retirement or other disposition of an Offered Note, a beneficial owner
generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference, if any,
between the amount realized (adjusted for accrued stated interest) on the sale
or other disposition and the owner's Offered Note. Under recently enacted
legislation, any such capital gain of an individual investor would be subject
to a lower maximum rate if the beneficial owner's holding period is more than
eighteen months than if such holding period is more than one year but less
than eighteen months.
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors. Interest, including original issue
discount, distributable to beneficial owners of Offered Notes who are
nonresident aliens, foreign corporations, or other Non-U.S. Persons (i.e., any
person who is not a "U.S. Person," as defined below), will be considered
"PORTFOLIO INTEREST" and, therefore, generally will not be subject to 30%
United States withholding tax, provided that such Non-U.S. Person (i) is not a
"10-PERCENT SHAREHOLDER" within the meaning of Code Section 871(h)(3)(B) or a
controlled foreign corporation described in Code Section 881(c)(3)(C) with
respect to the Depositor or the Trust and (ii) provides the Trustee, or the
person who would otherwise be required to withhold tax from such distributions
under Code Section 1441 or 1442, with an appropriate statement, signed under
penalties of perjury, identifying the beneficial owner and stating, among
other things, that the beneficial owner of the Offered Note is a Non-U.S.
Person. If such statement, or any other required statement, is not provided,
30% withholding will apply unless reduced or eliminated pursuant to an
applicable tax treaty or unless the interest on the Offered Note is
effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the
United States by such Non-U.S. Person. In the latter case, such Non-U.S.
Person will be subject to United States federal income tax at regular rates.
Investors who are Non-U.S. Persons should consult their own tax advisors
regarding the specific tax consequences to them of owning an Offered
Certificate. The term "U.S. PERSON" means a citizen or resident of the United
States, a corporation, partnership or other entity created or organized in or
under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof, an
estate that is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of the source of
its income, or a trust if a court within the United States is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more
United States fiduciaries have the authority to control all substantial
decisions of the trust.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING AND INFORMATION REPORTING
Distributions made on the Offered Notes and proceeds from the sale of
Offered Notes to or through certain brokers may be subject to a "backup"
withholding tax of 31% of "REPORTABLE PAYMENTS" (including interest accruals,
original issue discount, and, under certain circumstances, distributions in
respect of principal amount) unless, in general, the beneficial
S-64
<PAGE>
owner complies with certain procedures or is an exempt recipient. Any amounts
so withheld from distributions on the Offered Notes would be refunded by the
Internal Revenue Service or allowed as a credit against the beneficial owner's
federal income tax.
Reports will be made to the Internal Revenue Service and to beneficial
owners that are not excepted from the reporting requirements.
See "Federal Income Tax Consequences--Partnership Trust Funds--
Characterization of Investments in Partnership Securities and Debt Securities"
and "Taxation of Debt Securityholders" in the Prospectus.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
("ERISA"), and section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the "CODE"), impose certain restrictions on employee benefit plans and other
retirement plans or arrangements subject thereto ("PLANS") and on persons who
are parties in interest or disqualified persons ("PARTIES IN INTEREST") with
respect to such Plans. Certain employee benefit plans, such as governmental
plans and church plans (if no election has been made under section 410(d) of
the Code) are not subject to the restrictions of ERISA, and assets of such
plans may be invested in the Offered Notes without regard to the ERISA
considerations described below, subject to other applicable Federal and state
law. However, any such governmental or church plan which is qualified under
section 401(a) of the Code and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of
the Code is subject to the prohibited transaction rules set forth in section
503 of the Code. Any Plan fiduciary which proposes to cause a Plan to acquire
any of the Offered Notes should consult with its counsel with respect to the
potential consequences under ERISA and the Code of the Plan's acquisition and
ownership of the Offered Notes. See "ERISA Considerations" in the Prospectus.
Investments by Plans are also subject to ERISA's general fiduciary
requirements, including the requirement of investment prudence and
diversification and the requirement that a Plan's investments be made in
accordance with the documents governing the Plan.
PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS
General. Section 406 of ERISA prohibits Parties in Interest with respect to
a Plan from engaging in certain transactions (including loans) involving a
Plan and its assets unless a statutory or administrative exemption applies to
the transaction. Section 4975 of the Code imposes certain excise taxes (or, in
some cases, a civil penalty may be assessed pursuant to section 502(i) of
ERISA) on Parties in Interest which engage in non-exempt prohibited
transactions.
Plan Asset Regulation. The United States Department of Labor (the "DOL") has
issued regulations concerning the definition of what constitutes the assets of
a Plan for purposes of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of the
Code (the "PLAN ASSET REGULATION"). The Plan Asset Regulation describes the
circumstances under which the assets of an entity in which a Plan invests will
be considered to be "PLAN ASSETS" such that any person who exercises control
over such assets would be subject to ERISA's fiduciary standards. Under the
Plan Asset Regulation, generally when a Plan invests in another entity, the
Plan's assets do not include, solely by reason of such investment, any of the
underlying assets of the entity. However, the Plan Asset Regulation provides
that, if a Plan acquires an "equity interest" in an entity, the assets of the
entity will be treated as assets of the Plan investor unless certain
exceptions not applicable here apply.
S-65
<PAGE>
Under the Plan Asset Regulation, the term "EQUITY INTEREST" is defined as
any interest in an entity other than an instrument that is treated as
indebtedness under "applicable local law" and which has no "substantial equity
features." If the Offered Notes are not treated as equity interests in the
Trust for purposes of the Plan Asset Regulation, a Plan's investment in such
Offered Notes would not cause the assets of the Trust to be deemed Plan
assets. However, the Depositor, the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee, and the
Owner Trustee may be the sponsor of or investment advisor with respect to one
or more Plans. Because such parties may receive certain benefits in connection
with the sale of Offered Notes, the purchase of Offered Notes using Plan
assets over which any such parties has investment authority might be deemed to
be a violation of the prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and the Code for
which no exemption may be available. Accordingly, Offered Notes may not be
purchased using the assets of any Plan if the Depositor, the Servicer, the
Indenture Trustee, or the Owner Trustee has investment authority with respect
to such assets.
In addition, certain affiliates of the Issuer might be considered or might
become Parties in Interest with respect to a Plan. Also, any holder of
Residual Interest Certificates, because of its activities or the activities of
its respective affiliates, may be deemed to be a Party in Interest with
respect to certain Plans, including but not limited to Plans sponsored by such
holder. In either case, the acquisition or holding of Offered Notes by or on
behalf of such a Plan could be considered to give rise to an indirect
prohibited transaction within the meaning of ERISA and the Code, unless it is
subject to one or more exemptions such as Prohibited Transaction Class
Exemption ("PTCE") 84-14, which exempts certain transactions effected on
behalf of a Plan by a "qualified professional asset manager", PTCE 90-1, which
exempts certain transactions involving insurance company pooled separate
accounts, PTCE-91-38, which exempts certain transactions involving bank
collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60, which exempts certain transactions
involving insurance company general accounts, or PTCE 96-23, which exempts
certain transactions effected on behalf of a Plan by certain "in-house asset
managers". Each purchaser or transferee of a Note that is a Plan or is
investing assets of a Plan shall be deemed to have represented that the
relevant conditions for exemptive relief under at least one of the foregoing
exemptions have been satisfied.
If the Offered Notes are deemed to be equity interests in the Trust, the
Trust could be considered to hold Plan assets by reason of a Plan's investment
in the Offered Notes. In such an event, the Servicer and other persons
exercising management or discretionary control over the assets of the Trust
may be deemed to be fiduciaries with respect to investing Plans and thus
subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions of Title I of ERISA,
including the prohibited transaction provisions of section 406 of ERISA, and
section 4975 of the Code with respect to transactions involving the Trust's
assets. There can be no assurance that any statutory or administrative
exemption will apply to all prohibited transactions that might arise in
connection with the purchase or holding of an equity interest in the Trust by
a Plan.
REVIEW BY PLAN FIDUCIARIES
Any Plan fiduciary considering whether to purchase any Offered Notes on
behalf of a Plan should consult with its counsel regarding the applicability
of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA
and the Code to such investment and the availability of any prohibited
transaction exemptions. The sale of Offered Notes to a Plan is in no respect a
representation by the Depositor or the Underwriters that this investment meets
all relevant requirements with respect to investments by Plans generally or
any particular Plan or that this investment is appropriate for Plans generally
or any particular Plan. See "ERISA Considerations" in the Prospectus.
S-66
<PAGE>
LEGAL INVESTMENT
The Offered Notes will not constitute "mortgage related securities" under
SMMEA because substantially all of the Loans are either unsecured or secured
by Mortgages that are not first liens.
No representation is made as to the proper characterization of the Offered
Notes for legal investment purposes, financial institution regulatory
purposes, or other purposes, or as to the ability of particular investors to
purchase the Offered Notes under applicable legal investment restrictions.
These uncertainties may adversely affect the liquidity of the Offered Notes.
Accordingly, all institutions whose investment activities are subject to legal
investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review by
regulatory authorities should consult with their own legal advisors in
determining whether and to what extent the Offered Notes constitute a legal
investment or are subject to investment, capital or other restrictions. See
"Legal Investment" in the Prospectus.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The Asset Seller intends to use the net proceeds to be received from the
sale of the Offered Notes to pay off certain indebtedness incurred in
connection with the acquisition of the Initial Loans, to fund the Pre-Funding
and the Capitalized Interest-Account and to pay other expenses associated with
the pooling of the Loans and the issuance of the Notes.
S-67
<PAGE>
METHOD OF DISTRIBUTION
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement
between the Depositor, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. ("DBSI") and [Other
Underwriter]] (" ", and together with DBSI, the "Underwriters"), the
Depositor has agreed to sell to the Underwriters, and the Underwriters have
agreed to purchase from the Depositor, the respective principal amounts of the
Offered Notes set forth opposite their names below.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
UNDERWRITER OFFERED NOTES
----------- -------------
<S> <C>
Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. ............................... $
[Other Underwriter].......................................... $
</TABLE>
Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Underwriters have agreed,
subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, to purchase all of the
Offered Notes if any of the Offered Notes are purchased.
The Underwriters have advised the Depositor that they propose to offer the
Offered Notes from time to time for sale in negotiated transactions or
otherwise, at prices determined at the time of sale. The Underwriters may
effect such transactions by selling Offered Notes to or through dealers and
such dealers may receive compensation in the form of underwriting discounts,
concessions or commissions from the Underwriters and any purchasers of Offered
Notes for whom they act as agents. The Underwriters and any dealers that
participate with the Underwriters in the distribution of the Offered Notes may
be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts or commissions received by
them and any profit on the resale of Offered Notes by them may be deemed to be
underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.
The Depositor has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against, or make
contributions to the Underwriters with respect to, certain liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
In connection with the offering, the Underwriters may purchase and sell the
Offered Notes in the open market. These transactions may include purchases to
cover short positions created by an Underwriter in connection with the
offering. Short positions created by an Underwriter involve the sale by an
Underwriter of a greater number of Offered Notes than they are required to
purchase from the Depositor in the offering. An Underwriter may also impose a
penalty bid, whereby selling concessions allowed to broker-dealers in respect
of securities sold in the offering may be reclaimed by such Underwriter if
such Offered Notes are repurchased by such Underwriter in covering
transactions. These activities may maintain or otherwise affect the market
price of the Offered Notes, which may be higher in price than might otherwise
prevail in the open market; and these activities, if commenced, may be
discontinued at any time. These transactions may be effected in the over-the-
counter market or otherwise.
S-68
<PAGE>
SECONDARY MARKET
There will not be any market for the Offered Notes prior to the issuance
thereof. The Underwriters intend to act as market makers in the Offered Notes,
subject to applicable provisions of federal and state securities laws and
other regulatory requirements, but are under no obligation to do so. There can
be no assurance that a secondary market for the Offered Notes will develop or,
if it does develop, that it will continue. Further, no application will be
made to list the Offered Notes on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the
liquidity of the Offered Notes may be limited. The primary source of
information available to investors concerning the Offered Notes will be the
monthly statements discussed in the Prospectus under "Description of the
Securities--Reports to Securityholders," which will include information as to
the outstanding Security Balances of the Offered Notes. There can be no
assurance that any additional information regarding the Offered Notes will be
available through any other source. In addition, the Depositor is not aware of
any source through which price information about the Offered Notes will be
generally available on an ongoing basis. The limited nature of such
information regarding the Offered Notes may adversely affect the liquidity of
the Offered Notes, even if a secondary market for the Offered Notes becomes
available.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the Offered Notes and certain federal income tax matters
will be passed upon for the Depositor and for the Underwriter by Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft, New York, New York.
EXPERTS
The audited financial statements of the Trust are included as an exhibit
hereto in reliance upon the report of , independent certified public
accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and
auditing.
RATINGS
It is a condition to the issuance of the Offered Notes that each of the
Class A-1 Notes, Class A-2 Notes, Class A-3 Notes, Class A-4 Notes and Class
A-5 Notes be rated " " by and , the Class M-1 Notes be rated " "
and the Class M-2 Notes be rated " " and the Class B-1 Notes be rated " "
by and . The ratings on the Offered Notes do not address the ability of
the Trust to acquire Subsequent Loans, any potential redemption with respect
thereto or the effect to yield resulting therefrom.
The ratings on the Offered Notes address the likelihood of the receipt by
the holders of the Offered Notes of all distributions on the Loans to which
they are entitled. The ratings on the Offered Notes also address the
structural, legal and issuer-related aspects of the Offered Notes, including
the nature of the Loans. In general, the ratings on the Offered Notes address
credit risk and not prepayment risk. The ratings on the Offered Notes do not
represent any assessment of the likelihood that principal prepayments of the
Loans will be made by borrowers or the degree to which the rate of such
prepayments might differ from that originally anticipated. As a result, the
initial ratings assigned to the Offered Notes do not address the possibility
that holders of the Offered Notes might suffer a lower than anticipated yield
in the event of principal payments on the Offered Notes resulting from rapid
prepayments of the Loans, funds remaining in the Pre-Funding Account at the
end of the Pre-Funding Period or the application of Excess Spread as described
herein, or in the event that the Trust is terminated prior to the final
Maturity Date of the Notes.
S-69
<PAGE>
The Depositor has not solicited ratings on the Offered Notes with any rating
agency other than the Rating Agencies. However, there can be no assurance as
to whether any other rating agency will rate the Offered Notes or, if it does,
what rating would be assigned by any such other rating agency. Any rating on
the Offered Notes by another rating agency, if assigned at all, may be lower
than the ratings assigned to the Offered Notes by the Rating Agencies.
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities
and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning
rating organization. Each security rating should be evaluated independently of
any other security rating. In the event that the ratings initially assigned to
any of the Offered Notes by the Rating Agencies are subsequently lowered for
any reason, no person or entity is obligated to provide any additional support
or credit enhancement with respect to such Offered Notes.
S-70
<PAGE>
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
10-percent shareholder..................................................... S-64
Accounts................................................................... S-58
Accrual Period............................................................. S-46
Administration Agreement................................................... S-6
Administrator.............................................................. S-6
Allocable Loss Amount...................................................... S-54
Asset Seller............................................................... S-6
Available Collection Amount................................................ S-45
Available Distribution Amount.............................................. S-46
Average Amount Outstanding................................................. S-34
Bankruptcy Code............................................................ S-25
Bankruptcy Commission...................................................... S-25
Beneficial Owners.......................................................... S-10
Business Day............................................................... S-48
Capitalized Interest Account............................................... S-53
Certificate Distribution Account........................................... S-58
Class...................................................................... S-1
Class A Notes.............................................................. S-2
Class B Notes.............................................................. S-7
Class B-1 Optimal Principal Amount......................................... S-48
Class B-2 Notes............................................................ S-45
Class B-2 Optimal Principal Balance........................................ S-49
Class M-1 Optimal Principal Balance........................................ S-49
Class M-2 Optimal Principal Balance........................................ S-49
Clean-up Call Date......................................................... S-16
Closing Date............................................................... S-1
Code....................................................................... S-65
Collection Account......................................................... S-57
Combined Loan-To-Value Ratio............................................... S-11
CPR........................................................................ S-40
Credit Score............................................................... S-30
Custodian.................................................................. S-6
Custodian Fee.............................................................. S-15
Cut-Off Date Principal Balance............................................. S-44
DBSI....................................................................... S-68
Defective Loan............................................................. S-32
Deleted Loan............................................................... S-32
Deposit Trust Agreement.................................................... S-1
Depositor.................................................................. S-1
Determination Date......................................................... S-45
Distribution Accounts...................................................... S-58
Distribution Date.......................................................... S-2
DOL........................................................................ S-65
DTC........................................................................ S-2
Due Period................................................................. S-7
Equity Interest............................................................ S-66
ERISA...................................................................... S-65
Event of Default........................................................... S-60
Excess Spread.............................................................. S-49
Fannie Mae................................................................. S-22
</TABLE>
S-71
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Freddie Mac................................................................ S-22
Foreclosure Rate........................................................... S-34
Form 8-K................................................................... S-28
Gross Losses............................................................... S-34
Highest Priority Classes................................................... S-60
Home Loan Purchase Agreement............................................... S-44
Indenture.................................................................. S-1
Indenture Trustee.......................................................... S-1
Indenture Trustee Fee...................................................... S-15
Indenture Trustee's Loan File.............................................. S-56
Initial Loans.............................................................. S-1
Insolvency Event........................................................... S-61
Insurance Proceeds......................................................... S-49
Interest Rate.............................................................. S-46
Issuer..................................................................... S-6
LIBOR...................................................................... S-46
LIBOR Business Day......................................................... S-49
Liquidated Home Loan....................................................... S-49
Loan Rate.................................................................. S-27
Loan Schedule.............................................................. S-56
Loans...................................................................... S-1
Loss Reimbursement Deficiency.............................................. S-50
Majority Residual Interestholders.......................................... S-53
Maturity Date.............................................................. S-9
Mezzanine Notes............................................................ S-2
Modeling Assumptions....................................................... S-40
Mortgage Loans............................................................. S-26
Mortgaged Properties....................................................... S-11
Mortgages.................................................................. S-1
Multiplier................................................................. S-50
Net Delinquency Calculation Amount......................................... S-50
Net Liquidation Proceeds................................................... S-50
Net Losses................................................................. S-34
Net Weighted Average Rate.................................................. S-46
Non-Priority Class......................................................... S-60
Note Distribution Account.................................................. S-58
Noteholders' Interest Carry-Forward Amount................................. S-50
Notes...................................................................... S-1
Notional Amount............................................................ S-45
Obligors................................................................... S-19
Offered Notes.............................................................. S-1
Original Pool Principal Balance............................................ S-28
Original Pre-Funded Amount................................................. S-53
Original Security Balance.................................................. S-7
Overcollateralization Amount............................................... S-55
Overcollateralization Deficiency Amount.................................... S-51
Overcollateralization Target Amount........................................ S-55
Owned and Managed Servicing Portfolio...................................... S-33
Owner Trustee.............................................................. S-1
Owner Trustee Fee.......................................................... S-15
Parties in Interest........................................................ S-65
Plan Asset Regulation...................................................... S-65
</TABLE>
S-72
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Plan Assets................................................................ S-65
Plans...................................................................... S-65
Pool....................................................................... S-1
Pool Principal Balance..................................................... S-44
Portfolio Interest......................................................... S-64
Pre-Funded Amount.......................................................... S-53
Pre-Funding Account........................................................ S-1
Pre-Funding Distribution Trigger........................................... S-22
Pre-Funding Period......................................................... S-53
Prepayment................................................................. S-39
Prepayment Assumption...................................................... S-39
Principal Balance.......................................................... S-44
PTCE....................................................................... S-66
Purchase Price............................................................. S-32
Qualified Substitute Loan.................................................. S-32
Rating Agencies............................................................ S-17
Record Date................................................................ S-45
Recoveries................................................................. S-34
Reference Bank Rate........................................................ S-51
Reference Banks............................................................ S-51
Regular Distribution Amount................................................ S-51
Regular Principal Distribution Amount...................................... S-51
Released Mortgaged Property Proceeds....................................... S-52
Reportable Payments........................................................ S-64
Residual Interest.......................................................... S-45
Residual Interest Certificates............................................. S-1
Sale and Servicing Agreement............................................... S-44
Securities................................................................. S-1
Security Balance........................................................... S-48
Senior Notes............................................................... S-2
Senior Optimal Principal Balance........................................... S-52
Servicer................................................................... S-6
Servicer Events of Default................................................. S-60
Servicing Advance.......................................................... S-57
Servicing Compensation..................................................... S-57
Servicing Fee.............................................................. S-57
Servicing Fee Rate......................................................... S-57
Six-Month Rolling Delinquency Average...................................... S-52
SMMEA...................................................................... S-17
Stepdown Date.............................................................. S-52
Sub-prime Loans............................................................ S-22
Subsequent Loans........................................................... S-1
Subservicer................................................................ S-16
Substitution Adjustment.................................................... S-32
Termination Price.......................................................... S-53
Third-Party Servicing Portfolio............................................ S-33
Transfer and Servicing Agreements.......................................... S-56
Trust...................................................................... S-1
Trust Fees and Expenses.................................................... S-15
U.S. Person................................................................ S-64
Underwriters............................................................... S-1
Unsecured Loans............................................................ S-26
Weighted Average Life...................................................... S-36
</TABLE>
S-73
<PAGE>
NO DEALER, SALESPERSON OR OTHER PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFOR-
MATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLE-
MENT AND THE PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTA-
TIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE COMPANY OR BY
THE UNDERWRITER. THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS DO NOT CONSTI-
TUTE AN OFFER TO SELL, OR A SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY, THE SECURITIES
OFFERED HEREBY TO ANYONE IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH THE PERSON MAKING SUCH
OFFER OR SOLICITATION IS NOT QUALIFIED TO DO SO OR TO ANYONE TO WHOM IT IS UN-
LAWFUL TO MAKE ANY SUCH OFFER OR SOLICITATION. NEITHER THE DELIVERY OF THIS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND THE PROSPECTUS NOR ANY SALE MADE HEREUNDER SHALL,
UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATE AN IMPLICATION THAT INFORMATION HEREIN OR
THEREIN IS CORRECT AS OF ANY TIME SINCE THE DATE OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
OR THE PROSPECTUS.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Summary.................................................................... S-6
Risk Factors............................................................... S-19
The Pool................................................................... S-26
[Asset Seller and Servicer]................................................ S-31
Certain Prepayment and Yield Considerations................................ S-35
The Trust.................................................................. S-44
Description of the Offered Notes........................................... S-45
Description of Credit Enhancement.......................................... S-54
Description of the Transfer and Servicing Agreements....................... S-56
Federal Income Tax Consequences............................................ S-63
ERISA Considerations....................................................... S-65
Legal Investment........................................................... S-67
Use of Proceeds............................................................ S-67
Method of Distribution..................................................... S-68
Secondary Market........................................................... S-69
Legal Matters.............................................................. S-69
Ratings.................................................................... S-69
Index of Defined Terms..................................................... S-71
PROSPECTUS
Summary of Prospectus...................................................... 11
Risk Factors............................................................... 25
Description of the Trust Funds............................................. 33
Use of Proceeds............................................................ 46
Yield Considerations....................................................... 47
The Depositor.............................................................. 53
Description of the Securities.............................................. 53
Description of the Agreements.............................................. 62
Description of Credit Support.............................................. 85
Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans.................................... 89
Certain Legal Aspects of the Contracts..................................... 103
Federal Income Tax Consequences............................................ 107
State and Other Tax Consequences........................................... 146
ERISA Considerations....................................................... 146
Legal Investment........................................................... 150
Methods of Distribution.................................................... 152
Legal Matters.............................................................. 153
Financial Information...................................................... 153
Rating..................................................................... 153
Index of Defined Terms..................................................... 154
</TABLE>
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ACE SECURITIES CORP.
DEPOSITOR
$
ASSET BACKED NOTES,
SERIES 199 -
$ Class A-1 Notes
$ Class A-2 Notes
$ Class A-3 Notes
$ Class A-4 Notes
$ Class A-5 Notes
$ Class M-1 Notes
$ Class M-2 Notes
$ Class B-1 Notes
DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES
[OTHER UNDERWRITER]
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
, 199
<PAGE>
- ------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A +
+REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE +
+SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY +
+OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT +
+BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR +
+THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE +
+SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE +
+UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF +
+ANY SUCH STATE. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PROSPECTUS, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED OCTOBER 7, 1998
PROSPECTUS
ASSET BACKED CERTIFICATES
ASSET BACKED NOTES
(ISSUABLE IN SERIES)
ACE SECURITIES CORP.
DEPOSITOR
The Asset Backed Certificates (the "CERTIFICATES") and Asset Backed Notes (the
"NOTES" and, together with the Certificates, the "SECURITIES") offered hereby
and by Supplements to this Prospectus (the "OFFERED SECURITIES") will be
offered from time to time in one or more series. Each series of Certificates
will represent in the aggregate the entire beneficial ownership interest in a
trust fund (with respect to any series, the "TRUST FUND") consisting of one or
more segregated pools of various types of single family and/or multifamily
mortgage loans (or certain balances thereof) (collectively, the "MORTGAGE
LOANS"), unsecured home improvement installment sales contracts and
installment loans ("UNSECURED HOME IMPROVEMENT LOANS"), manufactured housing
installment sale contracts or installment loan agreements ("CONTRACTS"), a
combination of Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home Improvement Loans and/or
Contracts or beneficial interests in such assets (which may include Mortgage
Securities, as defined herein) or pass-through or participation certificates
issued or guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association ("GINNIE
MAE"), Fannie Mae ("FANNIE MAE") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
("FREDDIE MAC") (any such certificates, "AGENCY SECURITIES") (with respect to
any series, collectively, "ASSETS"). If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, all or a portion of the Mortgage Loans will consist of Sub-prime
Mortgage Loans as described under "Risk Factors--Increased Risk of
Delinquencies and Foreclosures on Sub-prime Mortgage Loans." If a series of
Securities includes Notes, such Notes will be issued and secured pursuant to
an indenture and will represent indebtedness of the Trust Fund. If so
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trust Fund for a series of
Securities may include letters of credit, insurance policies, guarantees,
reserve funds or other types of credit support, or any combination thereof
(with respect to any series, collectively, "CREDIT SUPPORT"), and currency or
interest rate exchange agreements and other financial assets, or any
combination thereof (with respect to any series, collectively, "CASH FLOW
AGREEMENTS"). In addition, as so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Trust Fund will include monies on deposit in one or more trust
accounts to be established with a Trustee, which may include a Pre-Funding
Account, as described herein, which would be used to purchase additional
Assets for the related Trust Fund during the period specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the Trust Funds," "Description of
the Securities" and "Description of Credit Support."
(cover continued on next page)
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE SECURITIES OF EACH SERIES WILL NOT REPRESENT AN OBLIGATION OF OR INTEREST
IN THE DEPOSITOR, DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC., ANY MASTER SERVICER, ANY
SERVICER, THE TRUSTEE OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES, EXCEPT TO THE
LIMITED EXTENT DESCRIBED HEREIN AND IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES NOR, EXCEPT AS SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN THE RELATED
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, ANY ASSETS IN THE RELATED TRUST FUND (OTHER THAN ASSETS
IDENTIFIED AS FHA LOANS OR VA LOANS IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT) WILL
BE INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR INSTRUMENTALITY.
ALTHOUGH PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST ON AGENCY SECURITIES WILL BE
GUARANTEED AS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT BY
GINNIE MAE, FANNIE MAE OR FREDDIE MAC, THE SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES EVIDENCING
INTERESTS IN A TRUST FUND INCLUDING SUCH AGENCY SECURITIES WILL NOT BE SO
GUARANTEED.
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD REVIEW THE MATERIAL RISKS APPEARING UNDER THE
CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE [ ] HEREIN AND SUCH INFORMATION AS
MAY BE SET FORTH UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT BEFORE PURCHASING ANY OFFERED SECURITY.
Prior to issuance there will have been no market for the Securities of any
series and there can be no assurance that a secondary market for any Offered
Securities will develop or that, if it does develop, it will continue. It is
not expected that any application will be made to list the Securities of a
series on any securities exchange. Accordingly the liquidity of the Securities
may be limited. This Prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of the
Offered Securities of any series unless accompanied by the Prospectus
Supplement for such series.
Offers of the Offered Securities may be made through one or more different
methods, including offerings through underwriters, including Deutsche Bank
Securities Inc., as more fully described under "Methods of Distribution"
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The date of this Prospectus is [ ].
<PAGE>
(cover continued from previous page)
Each series of Securities will consist of one or more classes of Securities
that may (i) provide for the accrual of interest thereon based on fixed,
variable or adjustable rates; (ii) be senior or subordinate to one or more
other classes of Securities in respect of certain distributions on the
Securities; (iii) be entitled to principal distributions, with
disproportionately low, nominal or no interest distributions; (iv) be entitled
to interest distributions, with disproportionately low, nominal or no
principal distributions; (v) provide for distributions of accrued interest
thereon commencing only following the occurrence of certain events, such as
the retirement of one or more other classes of Securities of such series; (vi)
provide for distributions of principal as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement; and/or (vii) provide for distributions based on a combination of
two or more components thereof with one or more of the characteristics
described in this paragraph, to the extent of available funds, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Any such classes may include
classes of Offered Securities. See "Description of the Securities."
Principal and interest with respect to Securities will be distributable
monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or at such other intervals and on the dates
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Distributions on the
Securities of any series will be made only from the assets of the related
Trust Fund.
The yield on each class of Securities of a series will be affected by, among
other things, the rate of payment of principal (including prepayments,
repurchase and defaults) on the Assets in the related Trust Fund and the
timing of receipt of such payments as described under the caption "Yield
Considerations" herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. A Trust Fund
may be subject to early termination or one or more classes of Securities of a
series may be subject to purchase or redemption under the circumstances
described herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, one or more elections
may be made to treat the related Trust Fund or a designated portion thereof as
a "real estate mortgage investment conduit" for federal income tax purposes.
See also "Federal Income Tax Consequences" herein.
----------------
Until 90 days after the date of each Prospectus Supplement, all dealers
effecting transactions in the Offered Securities covered by such Prospectus
Supplement, whether or not participating in the distribution thereof, may be
required to deliver such Prospectus Supplement and this Prospectus. This is in
addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a Prospectus and Prospectus
Supplement when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold
allotments or subscriptions.
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
As more particularly described herein, the Prospectus Supplement relating to
the Offered Securities of each series will, among other things, set forth with
respect to such Securities, as appropriate: (i) a description of the class or
classes of Securities, the payment provisions with respect to each such class
and the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate or method of determining the Pass-
Through Rate or interest rate with respect to each such class; (ii) the
aggregate principal amount and distribution dates relating to such series and,
if applicable, the initial and final scheduled distribution dates for each
class; (iii) information as to the assets comprising the Trust Fund, including
the general characteristics of the assets included therein, including the
2
<PAGE>
Assets and any Credit Support and Cash Flow Agreements (with respect to the
Securities of any series, the "TRUST ASSETS"); (iv) the circumstances, if any,
under which the Trust Fund may be subject to early termination; (v) additional
information with respect to the method of distribution of such Securities;
(vi) whether one or more elections to treat the Trust Fund or portion thereof
as a real estate mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC") will be made and
designation of the regular interests and residual interests; (vii) the
aggregate original percentage ownership interest in the Trust Fund to be
evidenced by each class of Securities; (viii) information as to any Master
Servicer, any Servicer and the Trustee, as applicable; (ix) information as to
the nature and extent of subordination with respect to any class of Securities
that is subordinate in right of payment to any other class; and (x) whether
such Securities will be initially issued in definitive or book-entry form.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Depositor has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"COMMISSION") a Registration Statement (of which this Prospectus forms a part)
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the Offered
Securities. This Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement relating to each
series of Securities contain summaries of the material terms of the documents
referred to herein and therein, but do not contain all of the information set
forth in the Registration Statement pursuant to the rules and regulations of
the Commission. For further information, reference is made to such
Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto. Such Registration Statement
and exhibits can be inspected and copied at prescribed rates at the public
reference facilities maintained by the Commission at its Public Reference
Section, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at its Regional
Offices located as follows: Chicago Regional Office, Suite 1400, Citicorp
Center, 500 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511; and New York
Regional Office, Seven World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York
10048. The Commission maintains a Web site at http://www.sec.gov containing
reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding
registrants, including the Depositor, that file electronically with the
Commission.
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any
representations other than those contained in this Prospectus and any
Prospectus Supplement with respect hereto and, if given or made, such
information or representations must not be relied upon. This Prospectus and
any Prospectus Supplement with respect hereto do not constitute an offer to
sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the
Offered Securities or an offer of the Offered Securities to any person in any
state or other jurisdiction in which such offer would be unlawful. The
delivery of this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement hereto at any time
does not imply that information herein is correct as of any time subsequent to
its date.
Copies of Freddie Mac's most recent offering circular for Freddie Mac
Certificates, Freddie Mac's information statements and quarterly reports are
available from Freddie Mac's Investor Inquiry Department, 8200 Jones Branch
Drive, Mail Stop 319, McLean, Virginia 22102 (800-336-3672). The Depositor did
not participate in the preparation of Freddie Mac's offering circular,
information statement or any supplement and, accordingly, makes no
representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information set forth
therein.
Copies of Fannie Mae's most recent prospectus for Fannie Mae Certificates
are available from Fannie Mae's Mortgage Backed Securities Office, 3900
Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202-752-6547). Fannie Mae's
annual report and quarterly financial statements, as well as other financial
information, are available from Fannie Mae's Office of the Treasurer, 3900
Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202-752-7000) or the Office of
the Vice President of Investor Relations, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W.,
Washington, D.C.
3
<PAGE>
20016 (202-752-7000). The Depositor did not participate in the preparation of
Fannie Mae's prospectus and, accordingly, makes no representations as to the
accuracy or completeness of the information set forth therein.
The Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Trustee will be required to mail to
registered holders of Securities (the "SECURITYHOLDERS") of each series
periodic unaudited reports concerning the related Trust Fund. If the
Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities provides that one or more
Classes of Securities are to be issued in book-entry form, then unless and
until definitive Securities are issued, such reports with respect to book-
entry Securities will be sent on behalf of the related Trust Fund to Cede &
Co. ("CEDE"), as nominee of The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") and
registered holder of such Securities, pursuant to the applicable Agreement or
to such other entity set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Such
reports may be available to beneficial owners of the Securities (the "SECURITY
OWNERS") upon request to their respective DTC participants and indirect
participants. See "Description of the Securities--Reports to Securityholders"
and "Description of the Agreements--Certain Terms of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreements and Underlying Servicing Agreements--Evidence as to Compliance."
The Depositor will file or cause to be filed with the Commission such periodic
reports with respect to each Trust Fund as are required under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "EXCHANGE ACT"), and the rules and
regulations of the Commission thereunder, as interpreted by the staff of the
Commission thereunder. The Depositor does not intend to file periodic reports
under the Exchange Act following the expiration of the reporting period
prescribed by Rule 15d-1 of Regulation 15D under the Exchange Act.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
All documents subsequently filed by or on behalf of the Depositor with
respect to each Trust Fund referred to in the accompanying Prospectus
Supplement with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act, after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the
termination of any offering of the Securities issued by such Trust Fund shall
be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and to be a part
of this Prospectus from the date of the filing of such documents. Any
statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by
reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes
of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein (or in the
accompanying Prospectus Supplement) or in any other subsequently filed
document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies
or replaces such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall
not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of
this Prospectus.
Upon request, the Depositor will provide or cause to be provided without
charge to each person to whom this Prospectus is delivered in connection with
the offering of one or more classes of Offered Securities, a copy of any or
all documents or reports incorporated herein by reference, in each case to the
extent such documents or reports relate to one or more of such classes of such
Offered Securities, other than the exhibits to such documents (unless such
exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents).
Requests to the Depositor should be directed in writing to ACE Securities
Corp., 6707 Fairview Road, Suite D, Charlotte, North Carolina, Attention:
Secretary, or by telephone at (704) 365-0569. The Depositor has determined
that its financial statements are not material to the offering of any Offered
Securities.
4
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT..................................................... 2
AVAILABLE INFORMATION..................................................... 3
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE......................... 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................... 5
SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS..................................................... 11
Title of Securities..................................................... 11
Depositor............................................................... 11
Issuer.................................................................. 11
Servicers............................................................... 11
Master Servicer......................................................... 11
Trustee; Indenture Trustee.............................................. 12
The Trust Assets........................................................ 12
Special Payment Provisions............................................ 12
Mortgage Loans........................................................ 12
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans...................................... 14
Contracts............................................................. 14
Agency Securities..................................................... 15
Mortgage Securities................................................... 15
Collection Accounts................................................... 16
Credit Support........................................................ 16
Cash Flow Agreements.................................................. 16
Pre-Funding Account................................................... 17
Description of Securities............................................... 18
Distributions on Securities............................................. 18
Interest.............................................................. 19
Principal............................................................. 20
Advances.............................................................. 20
Termination........................................................... 21
Registration of Securities............................................ 21
Tax Status of the Securities.......................................... 21
Legal Investment...................................................... 23
ERISA Considerations.................................................. 23
Rating................................................................ 24
Material Risks........................................................ 24
RISK FACTORS.............................................................. 25
Limited Liquidity for Securities........................................ 25
Limited Assets for Payment of Securities................................ 25
Rate of Prepayments on Assets May Adversely Affect Average Lives and
Yields of Securities................................................... 26
Priority of Payment of Securities May Adversely Affect Average Lines and
Yields of Securities................................................... 26
Limited Nature of Ratings............................................... 26
Real Estate Market Conditions Affect Mortgage Loan Performance.......... 27
Variable Payment Provisions in Mortgage Loans May Increase Risk of
Default................................................................ 27
Geographic Concentration May Increase Risk of Loss and Delinquency...... 27
Multifamily Properties May Experience Increased Defaults and
Foreclosures........................................................... 28
Balloon Payment Assets are More Likely to Experience Losses on
Foreclosure if Obligor is Unable to Refinance or Sell Related
Property............................................................... 28
Junior Mortgage Loans are More Likely to Experience Losses on Foreclo-
sure................................................................... 28
</TABLE>
5
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<TABLE>
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<S> <C>
Sub-prime Mortgage Loans May be More Likely to Default or be Fore-
closed................................................................. 29
Potential for Loss Increases if Assets are Delinquent................... 29
Effects of Failure to Comply with Consumer Protection Laws; Other Legal
Considerations......................................................... 29
General Economic Conditions Increases the Potential for Losses on
Contracts and Manufactured Homes....................................... 30
Depreciation in Value Increases the Potential for Losses on Contracts
and Manufactured Homes................................................. 30
Grant of Security Interest in Contracts; Risks of Defective Security
Interest and Effects of Certain Other Legal Aspects of the Contracts... 30
Bankruptcy of Borrower May Prevent Collection on Unsecured Home Improve-
ment Loans............................................................. 31
Credit Support is Limited in Amount and Coverage........................ 31
Lowering of Rating on Securities May Decrease Value and Liquidity....... 32
Subordinate Securities Bear Risk of Loss Before More Senior Securities.. 32
Residual Securities May Have Adverse Tax Attributes..................... 33
Owners of Book-Entry Securities Not Entitled to Exercise Rights of
Holders of Securities.................................................. 33
Financial Instruments are Subject to Counterparty Risk.................. 33
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST FUNDS............................................ 34
Assets.................................................................. 34
Mortgage Loans.......................................................... 35
General............................................................... 35
Loan-to-Value Ratio................................................... 35
Mortgage Loan Information in Prospectus Supplements................... 36
Payment Provisions of the Mortgage Loans.............................. 37
Revolving Credit Line Loans........................................... 37
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans........................................ 37
Unsecured Home Improvement Loan Information in Prospectus
Supplements.......................................................... 38
Contracts............................................................... 38
General............................................................... 38
Contract Information in Prospectus Supplements........................ 39
Payment Provisions of the Contracts................................... 39
Agency Securities....................................................... 39
Ginnie Mae............................................................ 39
Ginnie Mae Certificates............................................... 40
Fannie Mae............................................................ 41
Fannie Mae Certificates............................................... 41
Freddie Mac........................................................... 42
Freddie Mac Certificates.............................................. 42
Stripped Agency Securities............................................ 43
Mortgage Securities..................................................... 44
FHA Loans and VA Loans.................................................. 44
Pre-Funding Account..................................................... 45
Accounts................................................................ 45
Credit Support.......................................................... 46
Cash Flow Agreements.................................................... 46
USE OF PROCEEDS........................................................... 46
YIELD CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... 47
General................................................................. 47
Pass-Through Rate and Interest Rate..................................... 47
</TABLE>
6
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Timing of Payment of Interest........................................... 47
Payments of Principal; Prepayments...................................... 47
Prepayments--Maturity and Weighted Average Life......................... 49
Other Factors Affecting Weighted Average Life........................... 50
Type of Asset......................................................... 50
Termination........................................................... 51
Defaults.............................................................. 52
Foreclosures.......................................................... 52
Refinancing........................................................... 52
Due-on-Sale Clauses................................................... 52
THE DEPOSITOR............................................................. 53
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES............................................. 53
General................................................................. 53
Distributions........................................................... 54
Available Distribution Amount........................................... 55
Distributions of Interest on the Securities............................. 56
Distributions of Principal of the Securities............................ 57
Components.............................................................. 57
Distributions on the Securities of Prepayment Premiums.................. 57
Allocation of Losses and Shortfalls..................................... 57
Advances in Respect of Delinquencies.................................... 57
Reports to Securityholders.............................................. 58
Termination............................................................. 60
Optional Purchases...................................................... 61
Book-Entry Registration and Definitive Securities....................... 61
DESCRIPTION OF THE AGREEMENTS............................................. 62
Agreements Applicable to a Series....................................... 62
REMIC Securities, Grantor Trust Securities............................ 62
Securities That Are Partnership Interests for Tax Purposes and Notes.. 63
Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements and Underlying
Servicing Agreements................................................... 63
General............................................................... 63
Assignment of Assets; Repurchases..................................... 64
Representations and Warranties; Repurchases........................... 66
Collection Account and Related Accounts............................... 67
General............................................................. 67
Deposits............................................................ 68
Withdrawals......................................................... 68
Other Collection Accounts........................................... 70
Collection and Other Servicing Procedures........................... 70
Realization Upon Defaulted Assets..................................... 71
Hazard Insurance Policies............................................. 73
Mortgage Loans...................................................... 73
Contracts........................................................... 75
FHA Insurance and VA Guarantees....................................... 75
Fidelity Bonds and Errors and Omissions Insurance..................... 77
Due-on-Sale Provisions................................................ 77
Retained Interest; Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses..... 77
Evidence as to Compliance............................................. 78
Certain Matters Regarding Servicers, the Master Servicer and the De-
positor.............................................................. 78
Special Servicers..................................................... 79
</TABLE>
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Events of Default under the Agreement.................................. 80
Rights Upon Event of Default under the Agreements...................... 80
Amendment.............................................................. 81
The Trustee............................................................ 81
Duties of the Trustee.................................................. 82
Certain Matters Regarding the Trustee.................................. 82
Resignation and Removal of the Trustee................................. 82
Material Terms of the Indenture.......................................... 83
General................................................................ 83
Events of Default...................................................... 83
Discharge of Indenture................................................. 85
Indenture Trustee's Annual Report...................................... 85
The Indenture Trustee.................................................. 85
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT SUPPORT.............................................. 85
General.................................................................. 85
Subordinate Securities................................................... 86
Cross-Support Provisions................................................. 86
Limited Guarantee........................................................ 87
Financial Guaranty Insurance Policy or Surety Bond....................... 87
Letter of Credit......................................................... 87
Pool Insurance Policies.................................................. 87
Special Hazard Insurance Policies........................................ 87
Mortgagor Bankruptcy Bond................................................ 87
Reserve Funds............................................................ 88
Overcollateralization.................................................... 88
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE LOANS.................................... 89
General.................................................................. 89
Types of Mortgage Instruments............................................ 89
Interest in Real Property................................................ 90
Cooperative Loans........................................................ 90
Land Sale Contracts...................................................... 91
Foreclosure.............................................................. 92
General................................................................ 92
Judicial Foreclosure................................................... 92
Equitable Limitations on Enforceability of Certain Provisions.......... 92
Non-Judicial Foreclosure/Power of Sale................................. 93
Public Sale............................................................ 93
Rights of Redemption................................................... 94
Cooperative Loans...................................................... 95
Junior Mortgages......................................................... 96
Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders............. 96
Environmental Considerations............................................. 98
Due-on-Sale Clauses...................................................... 100
Prepayment Charges....................................................... 101
Subordinate Financing.................................................... 101
Applicability of Usury Laws.............................................. 101
Alternative Mortgage Instruments......................................... 102
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940.......................... 102
Forfeitures in Drug and RICO Proceedings................................. 103
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CONTRACTS..................................... 103
General.................................................................. 103
</TABLE>
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Security Interests in the Manufactured Homes............................ 104
Enforcement of Security Interests in Manufactured Homes................. 106
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940......................... 106
Consumer Protection Laws................................................ 106
Transfers of Manufactured Homes; Enforceability of "Due-on-Sale"
Clauses................................................................ 107
Applicability of Usury Laws............................................. 107
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES........................................... 107
General................................................................. 107
Taxable Mortgage Pools................................................ 108
REMICS.................................................................. 108
Classification of REMICS.............................................. 108
Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities................... 110
Tiered REMIC Structures............................................... 111
Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities.............................. 112
General............................................................. 112
Original Issue Discount............................................. 112
Acquisition Premium................................................. 114
Variable Rate Regular Securities.................................... 115
Market Discount..................................................... 116
Amortizable Premium................................................. 117
Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method........ 118
Treatment of Losses................................................. 118
Sale or Exchange of Regular Securities.............................. 119
Taxation of Owners of Residual Securities............................. 120
Taxation of REMIC Income............................................ 120
Basis and Losses.................................................... 121
Treatment of Certain Items of REMIC Income and Expense.............. 122
Original Issue Discount and Premium............................... 122
Market Discount................................................... 122
Premium........................................................... 122
Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC Income.................. 123
Tax-Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities......... 124
Disqualified Organizations........................................ 124
Noneconomic Residual Interests.................................... 125
Foreign Investors................................................. 126
Sale or Exchange of a Residual Security............................. 126
Mark to Market Regulations.......................................... 127
Taxes That May Be Imposed on the REMIC Pool........................... 127
Prohibited Transactions............................................. 127
Contributions to the REMIC Pool After the Startup Day............... 128
Net Income from Foreclosure Property................................ 128
Liquidation of the REMIC Pool....................................... 128
Administrative Matters.............................................. 128
Limitations on Deduction of Certain Expenses........................ 129
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors................................. 129
Regular Securities.................................................. 129
Residual Securities................................................. 130
Backup Withholding.................................................. 131
Reporting Requirements.............................................. 131
Grantor Trust Funds..................................................... 132
Classification of Grantor Trust Funds................................. 132
</TABLE>
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Standard Securities..................................................... 132
General............................................................... 132
Tax Status.......................................................... 133
Premium and Discount................................................ 133
Premium........................................................... 134
Original Issue Discount............................................. 134
Market Discount................................................... 134
Recharacterization of Servicing Fees................................ 134
Sale or Exchange of Standard Securities............................. 135
Stripped Securities..................................................... 136
General............................................................... 136
Status of Stripped Securities......................................... 137
Taxation of Stripped Securities....................................... 137
Original Issue Discount............................................. 137
Sale or Exchange of Stripped Securities............................. 138
Purchase of More Than One Class of Stripped Securities.............. 138
Possible Alternative Characterization............................... 138
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding......................... 139
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors................................. 139
Partnership Trust Funds................................................. 140
Classification of Partnership Trust Funds............................. 140
Characterization of Investments in Partnership Securities and Debt Se-
curities............................................................. 140
Taxation of Debt Securityholders...................................... 140
Treatment of the Debt Securities as Indebtedness...................... 140
Taxation of Owners of Partnership Securities.......................... 141
Treatment of the Partnership Trust Fund as a Partnership............ 141
Partnership Taxation.................................................. 141
Discount and Premium................................................ 142
Section 708 Termination............................................. 142
Disposition of Securities........................................... 143
Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees..................... 143
Section 731 Distributions........................................... 144
Section 754 Election................................................ 144
Administrative Matters.............................................. 144
Tax Consequences to Foreign Securityholders......................... 145
Backup Withholding.................................................. 145
STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES.......................................... 146
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... 146
LEGAL INVESTMENT.......................................................... 150
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION................................................... 152
LEGAL MATTERS............................................................. 153
FINANCIAL INFORMATION..................................................... 153
RATING.................................................................... 153
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS.................................................... 154
</TABLE>
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SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more
detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus and by reference to
the information with respect to each series of Securities contained in the
Prospectus Supplement to be prepared and delivered in connection with the
offering of such series. An Index of Defined Terms is included at the end of
this Prospectus beginning on page [ ].
Title of Securities......... Asset Backed Certificates (the "CERTIFICATES")
and Asset Backed Notes (the "NOTES" and, together
with the Certificates, the "SECURITIES"),
issuable in series.
Depositor................... ACE Securities Corp. (the "DEPOSITOR"), a wholly-
owned indirect subsidiary of [ ]. Neither the
Depositor nor any of its affiliates will insure
or guarantee the Securities or the Assets or be
otherwise obligated in respect thereof.
Issuer...................... With respect to each series of Securities, the
Trust Fund to be formed pursuant to either a
deposit trust agreement or a pooling and
servicing agreement.
Servicers................... To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, one or more entities identified
therein (each, a "SERVICER") that will service
the Assets contained in each Trust Fund. In the
event there is only one Servicer performing the
servicing functions with respect to the Assets in
a Trust Fund, such Assets will be serviced
pursuant to a related pooling and servicing
agreement (each, a "POOLING AND SERVICING
AGREEMENT"). In the event there are multiple
Servicers, or in the event the Securities consist
of Notes, each Servicer will perform such
servicing functions pursuant to a related
servicing agreement (each, an "UNDERLYING
SERVICING AGREEMENT"). A Servicer may be an
affiliate of the Depositor. See "Description of
the Agreements."
Master Servicer............. In the event that there is more than one Servicer
for the Assets of the Trust Fund relating to a
series of Certificates, a master servicer (the
"MASTER SERVICER") may be appointed to perform
certain administration, calculation and reporting
functions with respect to the Trust Fund and may
supervise the Servicers pursuant to a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. In addition, to the extent
described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
if advances are required to be made with respect
to delinquent scheduled payments on the Assets in
the Trust Fund the Master Servicer may be
required to make such advances to the extent the
related Servicer fails to do so. The Master
Servicer may be an affiliate of the Depositor.
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<PAGE>
See "Description of the Agreements" and
"Description of the Securities--Advances in
Respect of Delinquencies."
Trustee; Indenture The trustee (the "TRUSTEE") or indenture trustee
Trustee..................... (the "INDENTURE TRUSTEE") for each series of
Securities will be named in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the
Agreements--Certain Terms of the Pooling and
Servicing Agreements and Underlying Servicing
Agreements--The Trustee" and "Certain Terms of
the Indenture--The Indenture Trustee."
The Trust Assets............ Each series of Certificates will represent in the
aggregate the entire beneficial ownership
interest in a Trust Fund. If a series of
Securities includes Notes, such Notes will
represent indebtedness of the Trust Fund and will
be secured by a security interest in the Assets
of the Trust Fund. A Trust Fund will consist
primarily of any of the following assets: the
Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home Improvement Loans,
Contracts, Agency Securities and Mortgage
Securities (referred to collectively or
individually as "ASSETS").
(a) Special Payment The Assets included in a Trust Fund may be
Provisions.................. subject to various types of payment provisions as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
and may include Level Payment Assets, Adjustable
Rate Assets, Buydown Assets, GPM Assets, Step-up
Rate Assets, Interest Reduction Assets, GEM
Assets, Balloon Payment Assets, Convertible
Assets, Bi-Weekly Assets or Increasing Payment
Assets. See "Description of the Trust Funds--
Assets." The characteristics of the Assets
included in a Trust Fund will not vary by more
than five percent (by aggregate principal balance
as of the Cut-off Date) from the characteristics
thereof that are described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
(b) Mortgage Loans.......... The Mortgage Loans with respect to a series of
Securities will consist of a pool of single
family and/or multifamily loans (or certain
balances thereof) (collectively, the "MORTGAGE
LOANS"). The Mortgage Loans will not be
guaranteed or insured by the Depositor or any of
its affiliates. The Mortgage Loans will be
guaranteed or insured by a governmental agency or
instrumentality or other person only if and to
the extent expressly provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement. If so specified in the
Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage Loans may be
insured by the Federal Housing Administration
(the "FHA") or partially guaranteed by the
Veterans Administration (the "VA"). The Mortgage
Loans will be secured by first and/or junior
liens on (i) one- to four-family residential real
properties (including manufactured housing) or
security interests in shares issued by
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<PAGE>
cooperative housing corporations ("SINGLE FAMILY
PROPERTIES") and/or (ii) primarily residential
properties consisting of five or more residential
dwelling units and which may include limited
retail, office or other commercial space
("MULTIFAMILY PROPERTIES" ) (Single Family
Properties and Multifamily Properties are
sometimes referred to herein collectively as
"MORTGAGED PROPERTIES" ). The Mortgaged
Properties will be located in any one of the
fifty states, the District of Columbia, Guam,
Puerto Rico or any other territory of the United
States. The Mortgage Loans may include (i)
closed-end and/or revolving home equity loans or
certain balances thereof ("HOME EQUITY LOANS" )
and/or (ii) secured home improvement installment
sales contracts and secured installment loan
agreements ("HOME IMPROVEMENT CONTRACTS" ). In
addition, the Mortgage Loans may include certain
Mortgage Loans evidenced by contracts ("LAND SALE
CONTRACTS" ) for the sale of properties pursuant
to which the mortgagor promises to pay the amount
due thereon to the holder thereof with fee title
to the related property held by such holder until
the mortgagor has made all of the payments
required pursuant to such Land Sale Contract, at
which time fee title is conveyed to the
mortgagor. All Mortgage Loans will have been
originated by persons other than the Depositor,
and all Mortgage Loans will have been purchased,
either directly or indirectly, by the Depositor
on or before the date of initial issuance of the
related series of Securities or, if the related
Trust Fund includes a Pre-Funding Account, as
described herein, within the period specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement following such
date. The related Prospectus Supplement will
indicate if any such persons are affiliates of
the Depositor. To the extent specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, all or a portion
of the Mortgage Loans will be Sub-prime Mortgage
Loans, as described under "Risk Factors--Sub-
prime Mortgage Loans May be More Likely to
Default or to be Foreclosed." Each Mortgage Loan
may provide for accrual of interest thereon at an
interest rate (a "MORTGAGE RATE" ) that is fixed
over its term or that adjusts from time to time,
or that may be converted from an adjustable to a
fixed Mortgage Rate, or from a fixed to an
adjustable Mortgage Rate, from time to time at
the mortgagor's election, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Adjustable Mortgage Rates on the Mortgage Loans
in a Trust Fund may be based on one or more
indices. Each Mortgage Loan may provide for
scheduled payments to maturity, payments that
adjust from time to time to accommodate changes
in the Mortgage Rate or to reflect the occurrence
of certain events, and may provide
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<PAGE>
for negative amortization or accelerated
amortization, in each case as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan
may be fully amortizing or require a balloon
payment due on its stated maturity date, in each
case as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan may contain
prohibitions on prepayment or require payment of
a premium or a yield maintenance penalty in
connection with a prepayment, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The Mortgage Loans may provide for payments of
principal, interest or both, on due dates that
occur monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or at
such other interval as is specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See "Description
of the Trust Funds--Assets."
(c) Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans..........
The Assets with respect to a series of Securities
may consist of or include home improvement
installment sales contracts or installment loans
that are unsecured ("UNSECURED HOME IMPROVEMENT
LOANS" ). The Unsecured Home Improvement Loans
will not be insured or guaranteed by the
Depositor or any of its affiliates. The Unsecured
Home Improvement Loans will be insured or
guaranteed by a governmental agency or
instrumentality or other person only if and to
the extent expressly provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement. If so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans may be insured by the FHA. The
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans may have any of
the features described under "(a) Mortgage Loans"
above, except that they will not be secured by a
lien on or other security interest in any
property.
(d) Contracts............... The Contracts with respect to a series of
Securities will consist of manufactured housing
installment sale contracts and installment loan
agreements secured by a security interest in a
new or used manufactured home (each, a
"MANUFACTURED HOME" ), and, to the extent, if
any, indicated in the related Prospectus
Supplement, by real property. The Contracts will
not be insured or guaranteed by the Depositor or
any of its affiliates. The Contracts will be
insured or guaranteed by a governmental agency or
instrumentality or other person only if and to
the extent expressly provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement. If so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Contracts may
be insured by the FHA. All Contracts will have
been originated by persons other than the
Depositor, and all Contracts will have been
purchased, either directly or indirectly, by the
Depositor on or before the date of initial
issuance of the
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<PAGE>
related series of Securities or, if the related
Trust Fund includes a Pre-Funding Account, as
described herein, within the period specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement following such
date. The related Prospectus Supplement will
indicate if any such persons are affiliates of
the Depositor. Each Contract may provide for an
annual percentage rate thereon (a "CONTRACT
RATE" ) that is fixed over its term or that
adjusts as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The manner of determining scheduled
payments due on the Contract will be described in
the Prospectus Supplement. The Prospectus
Supplement will describe the minimum principal
balance of the Contracts at origination and the
maximum original term to maturity of the
Contracts.
(e) Agency Securities....... If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Trust Fund may include any
combination of "fully modified pass-through"
mortgage-backed certificates ("GINNIE MAE
CERTIFICATES" ) guaranteed by the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GINNIE MAE" ),
guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities
("FANNIE MAE CERTIFICATES" ) issued by Fannie Mae
("FANNIE MAE" ) and mortgage participation
certificates ("FREDDIE MAC CERTIFICATES" ) issued
by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
("FREDDIE MAC" ) (each, and collectively, "AGENCY
SECURITIES" ).
(f) Mortgage Securities..... If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Trust Fund may include asset-
backed certificates, collateralized mortgage
obligations or participation certificates (each,
and collectively, "MORTGAGE SECURITIES" )
evidencing interests in, or collateralized by,
mortgage loans or Agency Securities. Mortgage
Securities included in a Trust Fund (i) will have
been issued by an entity other than the Depositor
or its affiliates, (ii) will have been acquired
in bona fide secondary market transactions from
persons other than the issuer thereof or its
affiliates and (iii) will have previously been
(a) offered and distributed to the public
pursuant to an effective registration statement
or (b) purchased in a transaction not involving
any public offering from a person who is not an
affiliate of the issuer of such securities at the
time of sale (nor an affiliate thereof at any
time during the three preceding months); provided
a period of two years has elapsed since the later
of the date the securities were acquired from the
issuer or an affiliate thereof. Although
individual assets underlying the Mortgage
Securities may be insured or guaranteed by the
United States or an agency or instrumentality
thereof, they need not be, and the Mortgage
Securities themselves
15
<PAGE>
will not be so insured or guaranteed. See
"Description of the Trust Funds--Mortgage
Securities." Payments on the Mortgage Securities
will be distributed directly to the Trustee or
other person specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement as registered owner of such Mortgage
Securities.
(g) Collection Accounts..... Each Trust Fund will include one or more accounts
established and maintained on behalf of the
Securityholders into which the person or persons
designated in the related Prospectus Supplement
will, to the extent described herein and in such
Prospectus Supplement, deposit all payments and
collections received or advanced with respect to
the Assets and other assets in the Trust Fund.
Such an account may be maintained as an interest
bearing or a non-interest bearing account, and
funds held therein may be held as cash or
invested in certain short-term, investment grade
obligations, in each case as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. See "Description
of the Agreements--Certain Terms of the Pooling
and Servicing Agreements and Underlying Servicing
Agreements--Collection Account and Related
Accounts."
(h) Credit Support.......... If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, partial or full protection against
certain defaults and losses on the Assets in the
related Trust Fund may be provided to one or more
classes of Securities of the related series in
the form of subordination of one or more other
classes of Securities of such series, which other
classes may include one or more classes of
Offered Securities, or by one or more other types
of credit support, such as a letter of credit,
insurance policy, guarantee, reserve fund or
another type of credit support, or a combination
thereof (any such coverage with respect to the
Securities of any series, "CREDIT SUPPORT" ). The
amount and types of coverage, the identification
of the entity providing the coverage (if
applicable) and related information with respect
to each type of Credit Support, if any, will be
described in the Prospectus Supplement for a
series of Securities. See "Risk Factors--Credit
Support is Limited in Amount and Coverage" and
"Description of Credit Support."
(i) Cash Flow Agreements.... If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Trust Fund may include guaranteed
investment contracts pursuant to which moneys
held in the funds and accounts established for
the related series will be invested at a
specified rate. The Trust Fund may also include
certain other agreements, such as interest rate
exchange agreements, interest rate cap or floor
agreements, currency exchange agreements or
similar agreements
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<PAGE>
provided to reduce the effects of interest rate
or currency exchange rate fluctuations on the
Assets or on one or more classes of Securities.
Currency exchange agreements might be included in
the Trust Fund if some or all of the Assets (such
as Mortgage Loans secured by Mortgaged Properties
located outside the United States) were
denominated in a non-United States currency. The
principal terms of any such guaranteed investment
contract or other agreement (any such agreement,
a "CASH FLOW AGREEMENT" ), including, without
limitation, provisions relating to the timing,
manner and amount of payments thereunder and
provisions relating to the termination thereof,
will be described in the Prospectus Supplement
for the related series. In addition, the related
Prospectus Supplement will provide certain
information with respect to the obligor under any
such Cash Flow Agreement. See "Description of the
Trust Funds--Cash Flow Agreements."
(j) Pre-Funding Account.....
To the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a portion of the proceeds of the
issuance of Securities may be deposited into an
account maintained with the Trustee (a "PRE-
FUNDING ACCOUNT" ). In such event, the Depositor
will be obligated (subject only to the
availability thereof) to sell at a predetermined
price, and the Trust Fund for the related series
of Securities will be obligated to purchase
(subject to the satisfaction of certain
conditions described in the applicable
Agreement), additional Assets (the "SUBSEQUENT
ASSETS" ) from time to time (as frequently as
daily) within the period (not to exceed three
months) specified in the Prospectus Supplement
(the "PRE-FUNDING PERIOD" ) after the issuance of
such series of Securities having an aggregate
principal balance approximately equal to the
amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account (the
"PRE-FUNDED AMOUNT" ) for such series on date of
such issuance. The Pre-Funded Amount with respect
to a series is not expected to exceed 25% of the
aggregate initial Security Balance of the related
Securities. Except as set forth in the following
sentence, the Pre-Funded Amount will be used only
to purchase Subsequent Mortgage Loans. Any
portion of the Pre-Funded Amount remaining in the
Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding
Period will be used to prepay one or more classes
of Securities in the amounts and in the manner
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
In addition, if specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor may be
required to deposit cash into an account
maintained by the Trustee (the "CAPITALIZED
INTEREST ACCOUNT" ) for the purpose of assuring
the availability of funds to pay interest with
respect to the Securities during the Pre-
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<PAGE>
Funding Period. Any amount remaining in the
Capitalized Interest Account at the end of the
Pre-Funding Period will be remitted as specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement. Amounts
deposited in the Pre-Funding and Capitalized
Interest Accounts will be permitted to be
invested, pending application thereof, only in
eligible investments authorized by each
applicable Rating Agency. See "Description of the
Trust Funds--Pre-Funding Account".
Description of Securities... Each series of Certificates will evidence an
interest in the related Trust Fund and will be
issued pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement. If a series of Securities includes
Notes, such Notes will represent indebtedness of
the related Trust Fund (which will be formed
pursuant to a deposit trust agreement (each, a
"DEPOSIT TRUST AGREEMENT" ) between the Depositor
and an owner trustee specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) and will be secured by a
security interest in the Assets of the Trust Fund
(or a specified group thereof) pursuant to an
indenture (each, an "INDENTURE" ). Some or all of
the Assets in a Trust Fund may be serviced
pursuant to one or more Underlying Servicing
Agreements. The Pooling and Servicing Agreements
and Underlying Servicing Agreements are referred
to herein as the "AGREEMENTS." Each series of
Securities will include one or more classes. Each
class of Securities (other than certain Strip
Securities, as defined below) will have a stated
principal amount (a "SECURITY BALANCE" ) and
except for certain Strip Securities, as defined
below, will accrue interest thereon based on a
fixed, variable or adjustable interest rate (in
the case of Certificates, a "PASS-THROUGH
RATE" ). The related Prospectus Supplement will
specify the Security Balance, if any, and the
Pass-Through Rate or interest rate for each class
of Securities or, in the case of a variable or
adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate,
the method for determining the Pass-Through Rate
or interest rate.
Distributions on Each series of Securities will consist of one or
Securities.................. more classes of Securities that may (i) provide
for the accrual of interest thereon based on
fixed, variable or adjustable rates; (ii) be
senior (collectively, "SENIOR SECURITIES" ) or
subordinate (collectively, "SUBORDINATE
SECURITIES" ) to one or more other classes of
Securities in respect of certain distributions on
the Securities; (iii) be entitled either to (A)
principal distributions, with disproportionately
low, nominal or no interest distributions or (B)
interest distributions, with disproportionately
low, nominal or no principal distributions
(collectively, "STRIP SECURITIES" ); (iv) provide
for distributions of accrued interest thereon
commencing
18
<PAGE>
only following the occurrence of certain events,
such as the retirement of one or more other
classes of Securities of such series
(collectively, "ACCRUAL SECURITIES" ); (v)
provide for distributions of principal as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
and/or (vi) provide for distributions based on a
combination of two or more components thereof
with one or more of the characteristics described
in this paragraph, including one or more Strip
Security or Accrual Security components, to the
extent of available funds, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, distributions on one or more classes
of a series of Securities may be limited to
collections from a designated portion of the
Assets in the related Trust Fund (each such
portion of Assets, an "ASSET GROUP"). See
"Description of the Securities--General." Any
such classes may include classes of Offered
Securities. With respect to Securities with two
or more components, references herein to Security
Balance, notional amount and Pass-Through Rate or
interest rate refer to the principal balance, if
any, notional amount, if any, and the Pass-
Through Rate or interest rate, if any, for any
such component.
The Securities will not represent any interest in
or obligation of the Depositor or any affiliate
thereof except as set fort herein, nor will the
Securities, any Assets (other than Assets
identified as FHA Loans or VA Loans in the
related Prospectus Supplement) or Mortgage
Securities be insured or guaranteed by any
governmental agency or instrumentality. Although
payment of principal and interest on Agency
Securities will be guaranteed as described herein
and in the related Prospectus Supplement by
Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, the
Securities of any series including such Agency
Securities will not be so guaranteed. See "Risk
Factors--Limited Assets for Payment of
Securities" and "Description of the Securities."
(a) Interest................ Interest on each class of Offered Securities
(other than certain classes of Strip Securities)
of each series will accrue at the applicable
Pass-Through Rate or interest rate on the
outstanding Security Balance thereof and will be
distributed to Securityholders as provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The specified date
on which distributions are to be made is a
"DISTRIBUTION DATE." Distributions with respect
to interest on certain classes of Strip
Securities may be made on each Distribution Date
on the basis of a notional amount as described in
the related Prospectus Supplement. Distributions
of interest with respect to one or more
19
<PAGE>
classes of Securities may be reduced to the
extent of certain delinquencies, losses,
prepayment interest shortfalls, and other
contingencies described herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Risk Factors--Rate of
Prepayments on Assets and Priority of Payment of
Securities May Adversely Affect Average Lives and
Yields of Securities," "Yield Considerations" and
"Description of the Securities--Distributions of
Interest on the Securities."
(b) Principal............... The Securities of each series initially will have
an aggregate Security Balance no greater than the
outstanding principal balance of the Assets as
of, unless the related Prospectus Supplement
provides otherwise, the close of business on the
first day of the month of formation of the
related Trust Fund (the "CUT-OFF DATE" ), after
application of scheduled payments due on or
before such date, whether or not received. The
Security Balance of a Security outstanding from
time to time represents the maximum amount that
the holder thereof is then entitled to receive in
respect of principal from future cash flow on the
assets in the related Trust Fund. Distributions
of principal will be made on each Distribution
Date to the class or classes of Securities in the
amounts and in accordance with the priorities
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Distributions of principal of any class of
Securities will be made on a pro rata basis among
all of the Securityholders of such class, by
random selection, or as described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Certain classes of Strip
Securities with no Security Balance will not
receive distributions in respect of principal.
See "Description of the Securities--Distributions
of Principal of the Securities."
Advances.................... To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Servicer will be obligated as
part of its servicing responsibilities to make
certain advances that in its good faith judgment
it deems recoverable with respect to delinquent
scheduled payments on the Assets serviced by such
Servicer in such Trust Fund. If so specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master
Servicer, the Trustee or other entity so
specified will be required to make such advances
in the event a Servicer fails to do so. Neither
the Depositor nor, except to the extent specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, any of its
affiliates will have any responsibility to make
such advances. Advances are reimbursable
generally from subsequent recoveries in respect
of such Assets and otherwise to the extent
described herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement. If and to the extent provided in the
Prospectus Supplement for any series, a Servicer
or
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<PAGE>
another entity will be entitled to receive
interest on its outstanding advances, payable
from amounts in the related Trust Fund. See
"Description of the Securities--Advances in
Respect of Delinquencies."
Termination................. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a series of Securities may be subject
to optional early termination through the
repurchase of the Assets in the related Trust
Fund by the party specified therein, under the
circumstances and in the manner set forth
therein. If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, upon the reduction of the Security
Balance of a specified class or classes of
Securities to a specified percentage or on and
after a date specified in such Prospectus
Supplement, the party specified therein will
solicit bids for the purchase of all of the
Assets of the Trust Fund, or of a sufficient
portion of such Assets to retire such class or
classes, or purchase such Assets at a price set
forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Any
such purchase or solicitation of bids may be made
only when the aggregate security balance of such
class or classes declines to a percentage of the
initial Security Balance of such Securities
(generally not to exceed 10%) specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In addition, if so
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement,
certain classes of Securities may be purchased or
redeemed in the manner set forth therein. In
either case, the purchase price will at least
equal the outstanding Security Balance of all
Securities, or of the Securities to be purchased
or redeemed, if less than all of the Securities,
and any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. See
"Description of the Securities--Termination."
Registration of If so provided in the related Prospectus
Securities.................. Supplement, one or more classes of the Offered
Securities will initially be represented by one
or more certificates or notes, as applicable,
registered in the name of Cede & Co., as the
nominee of DTC. No person acquiring an interest
in Offered Securities so registered will be
entitled to receive a definitive certificate or
note, as applicable, representing such person's
interest except in the event that definitive
certificates or notes, as applicable, are issued
under the limited circumstances described herein.
See "Risk Factors--Owners of Book-Entry
Securities Not Entitled to Exercise Rights of
Holders of Securities" and "Description of the
Securities--Book-Entry Registration and
Definitive Securities."
Tax Status of the The following discussion represents the opinion
Securities.................. of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. The Securities
of each series offered hereby will constitute
either (i) "regular
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<PAGE>
interests" ("REGULAR SECURITIES") and "residual
interests" ("RESIDUAL SECURITIES") in a Trust
Fund treated as a real estate mortgage investment
conduit ("REMIC") under Sections 860A through
860G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the "CODE"), (ii) interests ("GRANTOR
TRUST SECURITIES") in a Trust Fund treated as a
grantor trust under applicable provisions of the
Code, (iii) interests ("PARTNERSHIP SECURITIES")
in a Trust Fund treated as a partnership under
applicable provisions of the Code, or (iv)
evidences of indebtedness ("DEBT SECURITIES") of
a Trust Fund treated as debt instruments for
federal income tax purposes. In general, to the
extent the assets and income of the Trust Fund
are treated as qualifying assets and income under
the following sections of the Code, Regular
Securities (i) owned by a "domestic building and
loan association" will be treated as "loans
. . . secured by an interest in real property
which is . . . residential real property" within
the meaning of Code Section 7701(a)(19)(C) and
(ii) owned by a real estate investment trust will
be treated as "real estate assets" for purposes
of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of the Code and interest
income therefrom will be treated as "interest on
obligations secured by mortgages on real
property" for purposes of Section 856(c)(3)(B) of
the Code. In addition, Regular Securities will be
"qualified mortgages" within the meaning of
Section 860G(a)(3) of the Code if transferred to
another REMIC on its startup in exchange for
regular or residual interests therein. Moreover,
if 95% or more of the assets and the income of
the Trust Fund qualify for any of the foregoing
treatments, the Regular Securities will qualify
for the foregoing treatments in their entirety.
Residual Securities generally will be treated as
represting an interest in qualifying assets and
income to the same extent described above for
institutions subject to Sections 7701(a)(19)(C),
856(c)(4)(A) and 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code. A
portion (or, in certain cases, all) of the income
from Residual Securities (i) may not be offset by
any losses from other activities of the holder of
such Residual Securities, (ii) may be treated as
unrelated business taxable income, for holders of
Residual Securities that are subject to tax on
unrelated business taxable income (as defined in
Section 511 of the Code), and (iii) may be
subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding
rules. In addition, transfers of certain Residual
Securities may be disregarded under some
circumstances for all federal income tax
purposes. See "Federal Income Tax Consequences--
REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Residual
Securities-Excess Inclusions," and "Noneconomic
Residual Securities" herein. Grantor Trust
Securities may be either Standard Securities
having the same percentage
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<PAGE>
ownership of principal and interest payments on
the Mortgage Loans or Strip Securities having a
different percentage ownership interests in such
principal and interest payments. Holders of
Grantor Trust Securities generally will be
treated as owning an interest in qualifying
assets and income under Sections 7701(a)(19)(C),
856(c)(4)(A), 856(c)(3)(B) and 860G(a)(3)(A) of
the Code. Partnership Securities will be treated
as partnership interests for purposes of federal
income taxation, and accordingly, will not
represent an interest in qualifying assets for
purposes of Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code,
but will represent qualifying assets and income
under Sections 856(c)(4)(A) and 856(c)(3)(B) of
the Code to the extent their proportionate share
of the assets of the related Trust Fund so
qualify. Debt Securities will not represent
qualifying assets or income for purposes of any
of the preceding sections. See "Federal Income
Tax Consequences" herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
Legal Investment............ The Prospectus Supplement for each series of
Securities will specify which class or classes of
Offered Securities of such series, if any, will
constitute "mortgage related securities" for
purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market
Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended ("SMMEA").
Investors whose investment authority is subject
to legal restrictions should consult their own
legal advisors to determine whether and to what
extent the Offered Securities constitute legal
investments for them. See "Legal Investment"
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
ERISA Considerations........ An investment in Offered Securities by an
employee benefit plan or other retirement plan or
arrangement that is subject to Title I of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974,
as amended ("ERISA") or Section 4975 of the Code
(each, a "PLAN") may cause the Assets of the
related Trust Fund to be deemed "plan assets" and
could give rise to a "prohibited transaction"
within the meaning of ERISA and the Code. The
U.S. Department of Labor has issued an individual
exemption, Prohibited Transaction Exemption (the
"EXEMPTION"), to Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
("DBSI") that generally exempts from the
application of certain of the prohibited
transaction provisions of ERISA and the excise
taxes imposed on such prohibited transactions by
Section 4975 of the Code, transactions relating
to the purchase, sale and holding of pass-through
securities underwritten by DBSI and the servicing
and operation of pools of assets such as certain
of the Assets, provided that certain conditions
are satisfied. To the extent the Securities are
not treated as
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equity interests in the related Trust Fund for
purposes of ERISA, a Plan's investment in such
Securities would not cause the Assets to be
deemed "plan assets." However, the purchase or
holding of such non-equity Securities by a Plan
with respect to which an affiliate of the
Depositor or an equity investor is a "party in
interest" (within the meaning of ERISA) or a
"disqualified person" (within the meaning of the
Code) could give rise to a prohibited transaction
unless one or more statutory or administrative
exemptions apply to such investment. The
Prospectus Supplement with respect to a series of
Securities may contain additional information
regarding the application of the Exemption or any
other exemption with respect to the Securities
offered thereby. See "ERISA Considerations"
herein.
Rating...................... At the date of issuance, as to each series, each
class of Offered Securities will be rated in one
of the four highest rating categories by one or
more nationally recognized statistical rating
agencies (each, a "RATING AGENCY"). A security
rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or
hold such Securities and is subject to revision
or withdrawal at any time by the assigning Rating
Agency. Further, such ratings do not address the
possibility that, as a result of principal
prepayments, holders of Securities may receive a
lower than anticipated yield. If a series of
Securities provides for the establishment of a
Pre-Funding Account, it will be an express
condition to the purchase of Subsequent Assets
that, after notice to each assigning Rating
Agency, no Rating Agency notifies the Depositor
that such purchase would result in the withdrawal
or downgrade of the ratings assigned to such
Securities. See "Rating" herein.
Material Risks.............. Prospective investors are urged to read "Risk
Factors" herein and in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement for a discussion of the material risks
associated with an investment in the Securities.
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RISK FACTORS
Investors should consider, in connection with the purchase of Offered
Securities, among other things, the following factors.
LIMITED LIQUIDITY FOR SECURITIES
At the time of issuance of a series of Securities, there will be no
secondary market for any of the Securities. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and
the other underwriters, if any, specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, currently expect to make a secondary market in the Offered
Securities, but have no obligation to do so. There can be no assurance that a
secondary market for the Securities of any series will develop or, if it does
develop, that it will provide holders with liquidity of investment or will
continue while Securities of such series remain outstanding. It is not
expected that any application will be made to list the Securities of a series
on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the liquidity of the Securities may
be limited.
LIMITED ASSETS FOR PAYMENT OF SECURITIES
The Securities will not represent an interest in or obligation of the
Depositor, any Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Trustee or any of their
affiliates. The only obligations with respect to the Securities or the Assets
will be the obligations (if any) of the Warranting Party (as defined herein)
pursuant to certain limited representations and warranties made with respect
to the Assets, the Master Servicer's obligations and any Servicer's servicing
obligations under the related Agreement (including the limited obligation to
make certain advances in the event of delinquencies on the Assets, but only to
the extent deemed recoverable) and, if and to the extent expressly described
in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain limited obligations of a
Servicer or Master Servicer in connection with an agreement to purchase or act
as remarketing agent with respect to a convertible ARM Loan (as defined
herein) upon conversion to a fixed rate or a different index. Since certain
representations and warranties with respect to the Assets may have been made
and/or assigned in connection with transfers of such Assets prior to the
issuance of the Securities, the rights of the Trustee and the Securityholders
with respect to such representations or warranties will be limited to their
rights as an assignee thereof. Except to the extent, if any, specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, none of the Depositor, any Master Servicer, any
Servicer, the Trustee or any of their affiliates will have any obligation with
respect to representations or warranties made by any other entity. Except to
the extent, if any, specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, neither
the Securities nor the underlying Assets will be guaranteed or insured by any
governmental agency or instrumentality, or by the Depositor, any Master
Servicer, any Servicer, the Trustee or any of their affiliates. Proceeds of
the assets included in the related Trust Fund for each series of Securities
(including the Assets and any form of credit enhancement) will be the sole
source of payments on the Securities, and there will be no recourse to the
Depositor or any other entity in the event that such proceeds are insufficient
or otherwise unavailable to make all payments provided for under the
Securities.
EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT, IF ANY, SPECIFIED IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT, A SERIES OF SECURITIES WILL NOT HAVE ANY CLAIM AGAINST OR SECURITY
INTEREST IN THE TRUST FUNDS FOR ANY OTHER SERIES AND THE ASSETS INCLUDED IN
THE RELATED TRUST FUND WILL BE THE SOLE SOURCE OF PAYMENTS ON THE SECURITIES
OF A SERIES. IF THE RELATED TRUST FUND IS INSUFFICIENT TO MAKE PAYMENTS ON
SUCH SECURITIES, NO OTHER ASSETS WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR PAYMENT OF THE
DEFICIENCY. Additionally, certain amounts remaining in certain funds or
accounts, including the Collection Accounts and any accounts maintained as
Credit Support, may be withdrawn under certain conditions, as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In the event of such withdrawal, such amounts
will not be available for future payment of principal of or interest on the
Securities. If
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so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities containing
one or more classes of Subordinate Securities, on any Distribution Date in
respect of which losses or shortfalls in collections on the Assets have been
incurred, the amount of such losses or shortfalls will be borne first by one
or more classes of the Subordinate Securities, and, thereafter, by the
remaining classes of Securities in the priority and manner and subject to the
limitations specified in such Prospectus Supplement.
RATE OF PREPAYMENTS ON ASSETS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT AVERAGE LIVES AND YIELDS OF
SECURITIES
Prepayments (including those caused by defaults) on the Assets in any Trust
Fund (or, in the case of Agency Securities and Mortgage Securities, the
underlying assets related thereto) generally will result in a faster rate of
principal payments on one or more classes of the related Securities than if
payments on such Assets were made as scheduled. Thus, the prepayment
experience on the Assets may affect the average life of each class of related
Securities. The rate of principal payments on pools of mortgage loans or
manufactured housing contracts varies between pools and from time to time is
influenced by a variety of economic, demographic, geographic, social, tax,
legal and other factors. There can be no assurance as to the rate of
prepayment on the assets underlying or comprising the Assets in any Trust Fund
or that the rate of payments will conform to any model described herein or in
any Prospectus Supplement. If prevailing interest rates fall significantly
below the applicable mortgage interest rates, principal prepayments are likely
to be higher than if prevailing rates remain at or above the rates borne by
the assets underlying or comprising the Assets in any Trust Fund. As a result,
the actual maturity of any class of Securities evidencing an interest in or an
obligation of a Trust Fund containing Mortgage Loans, Contracts, Unsecured
Home Improvement Loans, Agency Securities or Mortgage Securities could occur
significantly earlier than expected. Conversely, if prevailing interest rates
rise significantly above the applicable mortgage interest rates, principal
prepayments are likely to be lower than if prevailing rates remain at or below
the rates borne by the assets underlying or comprising the Assets in any Trust
Fund and the maturity of any class of Securities evidencing an interest in or
an obligation of such Trust Fund could occur significantly later than
expected. The relationship of prevailing interest rates and prepayment rates
on Contracts will be discussed in the related Prospectus Supplement. In
addition, certain prepayments may result in the collection of less interest
than would otherwise be the case in the month of prepayment.
PRIORITY OF PAYMENT OF SECURITIES MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT AVERAGE LIVES AND
YIELDS OF SECURITIES
A series of Securities may include one or more classes of Securities with
priorities of payment and, as a result, yields on other classes of Securities,
including classes of Offered Securities, of such series may be more sensitive
to prepayments on Assets. A series of Securities may include one or more
classes offered at a significant premium or discount. Yields on such classes
of Securities will be sensitive, and in some cases extremely sensitive, to
prepayments on Assets and, where the amount of interest payable with respect
to a class is disproportionately high, as compared to the amount of principal,
as with certain classes of Strip Securities, a holder might, in some
prepayment scenarios, fail to recoup its original investment. A series of
Securities may include one or more classes of Securities, including classes of
Offered Securities, that provide for distribution of principal thereof from
amounts attributable to interest accrued but not currently distributable on
one or more classes of Accrual Securities and, as a result, yields on such
Securities will be sensitive to (a) the provisions of such Accrual Securities
relating to the timing of distributions of interest thereon and (b) if such
Accrual Securities accrue interest at a variable or adjustable Pass-Through
Rate or interest rate, changes in such rate. See "Yield Considerations" herein
and, if applicable, in the related Prospectus Supplement.
LIMITED NATURE OF RATINGS
Any rating assigned by a Rating Agency to a class of Securities will reflect
such Rating Agency's assessment solely of the likelihood that holders of
Securities of such class will receive
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payments to which such Securityholders are entitled under the related
Agreement. Such rating will not constitute an assessment of the likelihood
that principal prepayments (including those caused by defaults) on the related
Assets will be made, the degree to which the rate of such prepayments might
differ from that originally anticipated or the likelihood of early optional
termination or redemption of the series of Securities. Such rating will not
address the possibility that prepayment at higher or lower rates than
anticipated by an investor may cause such investor to experience a lower than
anticipated yield or that an investor purchasing a Security at a significant
premium might fail to recoup its initial investment under certain prepayment
scenarios. Each Prospectus Supplement will identify any payment to which
holders of Offered Securities of the related series are entitled that is not
covered by the applicable rating.
REAL ESTATE MARKET CONDITIONS AFFECT MORTGAGE LOAN PERFORMANCE
An investment in securities such as the Securities which represent interests
in Mortgage Loans may be affected generally by, among other things, a decline
in real estate values and changes in the mortgagors' financial condition. No
assurance can be given that values of the Mortgaged Properties have remained
or will remain at their levels on the dates of origination of the related
Mortgage Loans. If the residential real estate market should experience an
overall decline in property values such that the outstanding balances of the
Mortgage Loans, and any secondary financing on the Mortgaged Properties,
become equal to or greater than the value of the Mortgaged Properties, the
actual rates of delinquencies, foreclosures and losses could be higher than
those now generally experienced in the mortgage lending industry. In addition,
in the case of Mortgage Loans that are subject to negative amortization, due
to the addition to the principal balance of deferred interest, the principal
balances of such Mortgage Loans could be increased to an amount equal to or in
excess of the value of the underlying Mortgaged Properties, thereby increasing
the likelihood of default. To the extent that such losses are not covered by
the applicable Credit Support, if any, holders of Securities of the series
evidencing interests in the related Mortgage Loans will bear all risk of loss
resulting from default by mortgagors and will have to look primarily to the
value of the Mortgaged Properties for recovery of the outstanding principal
and unpaid interest on the defaulted Mortgage Loans.
VARIABLE PAYMENT PROVISIONS IN MORTAGE LOANS MAY INCREASE RATE OF DEFAULT
Certain of the types of Mortgage Loans may involve additional uncertainties
not present in traditional types of loans. For example, certain Mortgage Loans
provide for escalating or variable payments by the mortgagor under the
Mortgage Loan, as to which the mortgagor is generally qualified on the basis
of the initial payment amount. In some instances the mortgagors' income may
not be sufficient to enable them to continue to make their loan payments as
such payments increase and thus the likelihood of default will increase.
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION MAY INCREASE RATES OF LOSS AND DELINQUENCY
Certain geographic regions of the United States from time to time will
experience weaker regional economic conditions and housing markets, and,
consequently, will experience higher rates of loss and delinquency than will
be experienced on mortgage loans generally. The Mortgage Loans underlying
certain series of Securities may be concentrated in these regions, and such
concentration may present risk considerations in addition to those generally
present for similar mortgage-backed securities without such concentration.
Furthermore, the rate of default on Mortgage Loans that are refinance or
limited documentation mortgage loans, and on Mortgage Loans with high Loan-to-
Value Ratios, may be higher than for other types of Mortgage Loans.
Additionally, a decline in the value of the Mortgaged Properties will increase
the risk of loss particularly with respect to any related junior Mortgage
Loans. See "--Increased Risk of Losses on Foreclosure of Junior Mortgage
Loans."
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MULTIFAMILY PROPERTIES MAY EXPERIENCE INCREASED DEFAULTS AND FORECLOSURES
Mortgage Loans secured by Multifamily Properties may entail risks of
delinquency and foreclosure, and risks of loss in the event thereof, that are
greater than similar risks associated with loans secured by Single Family
Properties. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-
producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful
operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent
income or assets of the borrower; thus, the value of an income-producing
property typically is directly related to the net operating income derived
from such property. If the net operating income of the property is reduced
(for example, if rental or occupancy rates decline or real estate tax rates or
other operating expenses increase), the borrower's ability to repay the loan
may be impaired. In addition, the concentration of default, foreclosure and
loss risk for a pool of Mortgage Loans secured by Multifamily Properties may
be greater than for a pool of Mortgage Loans secured by Single Family
Properties of comparable aggregate unpaid principal balance because the pool
of Mortgage Loans secured by Multifamily Properties is likely to consist of a
smaller number of higher balance loans.
If applicable, certain legal aspects of the Mortgage Loans for a series of
Securities may be described in the related Prospectus Supplement. See also
"Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans" herein.
BALLOON PAYMENT ASSETS ARE MORE LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE LOSSES ON FORECLOSURE IF
OBLIGOR IS UNABLE TO REFINANCE OR SELL RELATED PROPERTY
Certain of the Mortgage Loans (the "BALLOON PAYMENT ASSETS") as of the Cut-
off Date may not be fully amortizing over their terms to maturity and, thus,
will require substantial principal payments (I.E., balloon payments) at their
stated maturity. Mortgage Loans with balloon payments involve a greater degree
of risk because the ability of an obligor to make a balloon payment typically
will depend upon its ability either to timely refinance the loan or to timely
sell the related property. The ability of a mortgagor to accomplish either of
these goals will be affected by a number of factors, including the level of
available mortgage interest rates at the time of sale or refinancing, the
obligor's equity in the related property, the financial condition of the
obligor, the value of the property, tax laws, prevailing general economic
conditions and the availability of credit for single family or multifamily
real properties generally.
JUNIOR MORTGAGE LOANS ARE MORE LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE LOSSES ON FORECLOSURE
Certain of the Mortgage Loans may be secured by junior liens and the related
first and other senior liens, if any (collectively, the "SENIOR LIEN"), may
not be included in the Trust Fund. The primary risk to holders of Mortgage
Loans secured by junior liens is the possibility that adequate funds will not
be received in connection with a foreclosure of the related senior lien to
satisfy fully both the senior lien and the Mortgage Loan. In the event that a
holder of the senior lien forecloses on a Mortgaged Property, the proceeds of
the foreclosure or similar sale will be applied first to the payment of court
costs and fees in connection with the foreclosure, second to real estate
taxes, third in satisfaction of all principal, interest, prepayment or
acceleration penalties, if any, and any other sums due and owing to the holder
of the senior lien. The claims of the holder of the senior lien will be
satisfied in full out of proceeds of the liquidation of the Mortgaged
Property, if such proceeds are sufficient, before the Trust Fund as holder of
the junior lien receives any payments in respect of the Mortgage Loan. If a
Servicer were to foreclose on any Mortgaged Property, it would do so subject
to any related senior lien. In order for the debt related to the Mortgaged
Property to be paid in full at such sale, a bidder at the foreclosure sale of
such Mortgage Loan would have to bid an amount sufficient to pay off all sums
due under the Mortgage Loan and the senior lien or purchase the Mortgaged
Property subject to the senior lien. In the event that such proceeds from a
foreclosure or similar
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sale of the related Mortgaged Property were insufficient to satisfy both loans
in the aggregate, the Trust Fund, as the holder of the junior lien, and,
accordingly, holders of the related Securities, would bear the risk of delay
in distributions while a deficiency judgment against the borrower was being
obtained and the risk of loss if the deficiency judgment were not realized
upon. Moreover, deficiency judgments may not be available in certain
jurisdictions. In addition, a junior mortgagee may not foreclose on the
property securing a junior mortgage unless it forecloses subject to the senior
mortgage.
SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE LOANS MAY BE MORE LIKELY TO DEFAULT OR BE FORECLOSED
All or a portion of the Assets may consist of mortgage loans underwritten in
accordance with the underwriting for "SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE LOANS." A Sub-prime
Mortgage Loan is a mortgage loan that is ineligible for purchase by Fannie Mae
("FANNIE MAE") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FREDDIE MAC")
under their traditional mortgage loan purchase programs due to borrower credit
characteristics, property characteristics, loan documentation guidelines or
other credit characteristics that do not meet Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac
underwriting guidelines, including a loan made to a borrower whose
creditworthiness and repayment ability do not satisfy such Fannie Mae or
Freddie Mac underwriting guidelines and a borrower who may have a record of
major derogatory credit items such as default on a prior mortgage loan, credit
write-offs, outstanding judgments or prior bankruptcies. As a consequence,
delinquencies and foreclosures can be expected to be more prevalent with
respect to Sub-prime Mortgage Loans than with respect to mortgage loans
originated in accordance with Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac underwriting
guidelines, and changes in the values of the Mortgaged Properties may have a
greater effect on the loss experience of Sub-prime Mortgage Loans than on
mortgage loans originated in accordance with Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac
underwriting guidelines.
POTENTIAL FOR LOSSES INCREASES IF ASSETS ARE DELINQUENT
A portion of the Assets may be delinquent upon the issuance of the related
Securities. Credit enhancement provided with respect to a particular series of
Securities may not cover all losses related thereto. Prospective investors
should consider the risk that the inclusion of such Assets in the Trust Fund
for a series may cause the rate of defaults and prepayments on the Assets to
increase and, in turn, may cause losses to exceed the available credit
enhancement for such series and affect the yield on the Securities of such
series.
EFFECTS OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS; OTHER LEGAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Applicable state laws generally regulate interest rates and other charges,
require certain disclosures, and may require licensing of the persons who
originated the Mortgage Loans (the "ORIGINATORS") and Servicers. In addition,
most states have other laws, public policy and general principles of equity
relating to the protection of consumers, unfair and deceptive practices and
practices which may apply to the origination, servicing and collection of the
Mortgage Loans. Depending on the provisions of the applicable law and the
specific facts and circumstances involved, violations of these laws, policies
and principles may limit the ability of a Servicer to collect all or part of
the principal of or interest on the Mortgage Loans, may entitle the borrower
to a refund of amounts previously paid and, in addition, could subject such
Servicer to damages and administrative sanctions. See "Certain Legal Aspects
of Mortgage Loans."
The Mortgage Loans may also be subject to federal laws, including: (i) the
Federal Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder, which
require certain disclosures to the borrowers regarding the terms of the
Mortgage Loans; (ii) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B
promulgated thereunder, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of age,
race, color, sex, religion, marital status, national origin, receipt of public
assistance or the exercise of
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any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act, in the extension of
credit; (iii) the Fair Credit Reporting Act, which regulates the use and
reporting of information related to the borrower's credit experience; and (iv)
the National Housing Act of 1934 (the "HOUSING ACT" ) with respect to Mortgage
Loans insured thereunder.
The Mortgage Loans may be subject to the Home Ownership and Equity
Protection Act of 1994 (the "HOME OWNERSHIP ACT" ), which amended the Federal
Truth in Lending Act as it applies to mortgages subject to the Home Ownership
Act. The Home Ownership Act requires certain additional disclosures, specifies
the timing of such disclosures and limits or prohibits the inclusion of
certain provisions in mortgages subject to the Home Ownership Act. The Home
Ownership Act also provides that any purchaser or assignee of a mortgage
covered by the Home Ownership Act is subject to all of the claims and defenses
which the borrower could assert against the original lender. The maximum
damages that may be recovered in an action under the Home Ownership Act from
an assignee is the remaining amount of indebtedness plus the total amount paid
by the borrower in connection with the mortgage loan. Any Trust Fund for which
the Mortgage Loans include Mortgage Loans subject to the Home Ownership Act
would be subject to all of the claims and defenses that the borrower could
assert against the original lender. Any violation of the Home Ownership Act
that would result in such liability would be a breach of the applicable
Warranting Party's representations and warranties, and the Warranting Party
would be obligated to cure, repurchase or, if permitted by the related
Agreement, substitute for the Mortgage Loan in question.
GENERAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS INCREASES THE POTENTIAL FOR LOSSES ON CONTRACTS
AND MANUFACTURED HOMES
An investment in Securities evidencing an interest in or obligation of a
Trust Fund containing Contracts may be affected by, among other things, a
downturn in national, regional or local economic conditions. The geographic
location of the Manufactured Homes securing the Contracts in any Trust Fund at
origination of the related Contract will be set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Regional and local economic conditions are often
volatile and, historically, regional and local economic conditions, as well as
national economic conditions, have affected the delinquency, loan loss and
repossession experience of manufactured housing installment sales contracts
and/or installment loan contracts (hereinafter generally referred to as
"contracts" or "MANUFACTURED HOUSING CONTRACTS").
DEPRECIATION IN VALUE INCREASES THE POTENTIAL FOR LOSSES ON CONTRACTS AND
MANUFACTURED HOMES
Regardless of its location, manufactured housing generally depreciates in
value. Thus, Securityholders should expect that, as a general matter, the
market value of any Manufactured Home will be lower than the outstanding
principal balance of the related Contract. Sufficiently high delinquencies and
liquidation losses on the Contracts in a Trust Fund will have the effect of
reducing, and could eliminate, the protection against loss afforded by any
credit enhancement supporting any class of the related Securities. If such
protection is eliminated with respect to a class of Securities, the holders of
such Securities will bear all risk of loss on the related Contracts and will
have to rely on the value of the related Manufactured Homes for recovery of
the outstanding principal of and unpaid interest on any defaulted Contracts in
the related Trust Fund. See "Description of Credit Support."
GRANT OF SECURITY INTEREST IN CONTRACTS; RISKS OF DEFECTIVE SECURITY INTEREST
AND EFFECTS OF CERTAIN OTHER LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CONTRACTS
The Asset Seller in respect of a Contract will represent that such Contract
is secured by a security interest in a Manufactured Home. Perfection of
security interests in the Manufactured
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Homes and enforcement of rights to realize upon the value of the Manufactured
Homes as collateral for the Contracts are subject to a number of federal and
state laws, including the Uniform Commercial Code as adopted in each state and
each state's certificate of title statutes. The steps necessary to perfect the
security interest in a Manufactured Home will vary from state to state. The
Servicer will not amend any certificates of title to change the lienholder
specified therein from the Asset Seller to the Trustee and will not deliver
any certificate of title to the Trustee or note thereon the Trustee's
interest. Consequently, in some states, in the absence of such an amendment,
the assignment to the Trustee of the security interest in the Manufactured
Home may not be effective or such security interest may not be perfected and,
in the absence of such notation or delivery to the Trustee, the assignment of
the security interest in the Manufactured Home may not be effective against
creditors of the Asset Seller or a trustee in bankruptcy of the Asset Seller.
In addition, numerous federal and state consumer protection laws impose
requirements on lending under installment sales contracts and installment loan
agreements such as the Contracts, and the failure by the lender or seller of
goods to comply with such requirements could give rise to liabilities of
assignees for amounts due under such agreements and claims by such assignees
may be subject to set-off as result of such lender's or seller's
noncompliance. These laws would apply to the Trustee as assignee of the
Contracts. The Asset Seller of the Contracts to the Depositor will warrant
that each Contract complies with all requirements of law and will make certain
warranties relating to the validity, subsistence, perfection and priority of
the security interest in each Manufactured Home securing a Contract. A breach
of any such warranty that materially adversely affects any Contract would
create an obligation of the Asset Seller to repurchase, or if permitted by the
applicable Agreement, substitute for, such Contract unless such breach is
cured. If the Credit Support is exhausted and recovery of amounts due on the
Contracts is dependent on repossession and resale of Manufactured Homes
securing Contracts that are in default, certain other factors may limit the
ability to realize upon the Manufactured Home or may limit the amount realized
by Securityholders to less than the amount due. See "Certain Legal Aspects of
the Contracts."
BANKRUPTCY OF BORROWER MAY PREVENT COLLECTIONS ON UNSECURED HOME IMPROVEMENT
LOANS
The obligations of the borrower under any Unsecured Home Improvement Loan
included in a Trust Fund will not be secured by an interest in the related
real estate or any other property, and the Trust Fund will be a general
unsecured creditor as to such obligations. In the event of a default under an
Unsecured Home Improvement Loan, the related Trust Fund will have recourse
only against the borrower's assets generally, along with all other general
unsecured creditors of the borrower. In a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding
relating to a borrower on an Unsecured Home Improvement Loan, the obligations
of the borrower under such Unsecured Home Improvement Loan may be discharged
in their entirety, notwithstanding the fact that the portion of such
borrower's assets made available to the related Trust Fund as a general
unsecured creditor to pay amounts due and owing thereunder are insufficient to
pay all such amounts. A borrower on an Unsecured Home Improvement Loan may not
demonstrate the same degree of concern over performance of the borrower's
obligations under such Home Improvement Loan as if such obligations were
secured by the real estate or other assets owned by such borrower.
CREDIT SUPPORT IS LIMITED IN AMOUNT AND COVERAGE
The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will describe any
Credit Support in the related Trust Fund, which may include letters of credit,
insurance policies, guarantees, reserve funds or other types of credit
support, or combinations thereof. Use of Credit Support will be subject to the
conditions and limitations described herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Moreover, such Credit Support may not cover all potential losses
or risks; for
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example, Credit Support may or may not cover fraud or negligence by a mortgage
loan or contract originator or other parties.
A series of Securities may include one or more classes of Subordinate
Securities (which may include Offered Securities), if so provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Although subordination is intended to reduce
the risk to holders of Senior Securities of delinquent distributions or
ultimate losses, the amount of subordination will be limited and may decline
under certain circumstances. In addition, if principal payments on one or more
classes of Securities of a series are made in a specified order of priority,
any limits with respect to the aggregate amount of claims under any related
Credit Support may be exhausted before the principal of the lower priority
classes of Securities of such series has been repaid. As a result, the impact
of significant losses and shortfalls on the Assets may fall primarily upon
those classes of Securities having a lower priority of payment. Moreover, if a
form of Credit Support covers more than one series of Securities (each, a
"COVERED TRUST"), holders of Securities evidencing an interest in a Covered
Trust will be subject to the risk that such Credit Support will be exhausted
by the claims of other Covered Trusts.
The amount of any applicable Credit Support supporting one or more classes
of Offered Securities, including the subordination of one or more classes of
Securities, will be determined on the basis of criteria established by each
Rating Agency rating such classes of Securities based on an assumed level of
defaults, delinquencies, other losses or other factors. There can, however, be
no assurance that the loss experience on the related Assets will not exceed
such assumed levels. See "--Limited Nature of Ratings," "Description of the
Securities" and "Description of Credit Support."
Regardless of the form of credit enhancement provided, the amount of
coverage will be limited in amount and in most cases will be subject to
periodic reduction in accordance with a schedule or formula. The Servicer or
the Master Servicer will generally be permitted to reduce, terminate or
substitute all or a portion of the credit enhancement for any series of
Securities, if the applicable Rating Agency indicates that the then-current
rating thereof will not be adversely affected.
LOWERING OF RATING ON SECURITIES MAY DECREASE VALUE AND LIQUIDITY
The rating of any series of Securities by any applicable Rating Agency may
be lowered following the initial issuance thereof as a result of the
downgrading of the obligations of any applicable Credit Support provider, or
as a result of losses on the related Assets substantially in excess of the
levels contemplated by such Rating Agency at the time of its initial rating
analysis. The lowering of a rating on a series or class of Securities may
adversely affect the market value of such Securities and the liquidity of such
Securities. None of the Depositor, any Master Servicer, any Servicer or any of
their affiliates will have any obligation to replace or supplement any Credit
Support or to take any other action to maintain any rating of any series of
Securities.
SUBORDINATED SECURITIES BEAR RISK OF LOSS BEFORE MORE SENIOR SECURITIES
The rights of Subordinate Securityholders to receive distributions to which
they would otherwise be entitled with respect to the Assets will be
subordinate to the rights of the Servicer (to the extent of its servicing fee,
including any unpaid servicing fees with respect to one or more prior Due
Periods, and is reimbursed for certain unreimbursed advances and unreimbursed
liquidation expenses), any Master Servicer (to the extent of its master
servicing fee, including any unpaid master servicing fee with respect to one
or more prior Due Periods, and is reimbursed for certain unreimbursed
advances) and the Senior Securityholders to the
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extent described in the related Prospectus Supplement. As a result of the
foregoing, investors must be prepared to bear the risk that they may be
subject to delays in payment and may not recover their initial investments in
the Subordinate Securities. See "Description of the Securities--General" and
"--Allocation of Losses and Shortfalls."
The yields on the Subordinate Securities may be extremely sensitive to the
loss experience of the Assets and the timing of any such losses. If the actual
rate and amount of losses experienced by the Assets exceed the rate and amount
of such losses assumed by an investor, the yields to maturity on the
Subordinate Securities may be lower than anticipated.
RESIDUAL SECURITIES MAY HAVE ADVERSE TAX ATTRIBUTES
Holders of Residual Securities will be required to report on their federal
income tax returns as ordinary income their pro rata share of the taxable
income of the related REMIC, regardless of the amount or timing of their
receipt of cash payments, as described in "Federal Income Tax Consequences--
REMICs." Accordingly, under certain circumstances, holders of Offered
Securities that constitute Residual Securities may have taxable income and tax
liabilities arising from such investment during a taxable year in excess of
the cash received during such period. Individual holders of Residual
Securities may be limited in their ability to deduct servicing fees and other
expenses of the REMIC. In addition, Residual Securities are subject to certain
restrictions on transfer. Because of the special tax treatment of Residual
Securities, the taxable income arising in a given year on a Residual Security
will not be equal to the taxable income associated with investment in a
corporate bond or stripped instrument having similar cash flow characteristics
and pre-tax yield. Therefore, the after-tax yield on the Residual Securities
may be significantly less than that of a corporate bond or stripped instrument
having similar cash flow characteristics. Additionally, prospective purchasers
of Residual Securities should be aware that applicable regulations prevent the
ability to mark-to-market REMIC residual interests. See "Federal Income Tax
Consequences--REMICs."
OWNERS OF BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES NOT ENTITLED TO EXERCISE RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF
SECURITIES
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement, one or more classes of the
Offered Securities will be initially represented by one or more certificates
or notes registered in the name of Cede, the nominee for DTC, and will not be
registered in the names of the Security Owners or their nominees. Because of
this, unless and until Securities are issued in fully registered, certificated
form ("DEFINITIVE SECURITIES" ), Security Owners will not be recognized by the
Trustee as "SECURITYHOLDERS" (as that term is to be used in the related
Agreement). Hence, until such time, Security Owners will be able to exercise
the rights of Securityholders only indirectly through DTC and its
participating organizations. See "Description of the Securities--Book-Entry
Registration and Definitive Securities."
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ARE SUBJECT TO COUNTERPARTY RISK
The assets of a Trust Fund may, if specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, include financial instruments such as interest rate swap, cap,
floor or similar agreements (each, a "FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT"), which will
require the provider of such instrument (the "COUNTERPARTY") to make payments
to the Trust Fund under the circumstances described in the Prospectus
Supplement. To the extent that payments on the Securities of the related
series depend in part on payments to be received under a Financial Instrument,
the ability of the Trust Fund to make payments on the Securities will be
subject to the credit risk of the Counterparty. The Prospectus Supplement for
a series of Securities will describe any mechanism, such as the payment of
"breakage fees", which may exist to facilitate replacement of a Financial
Instrument upon the default or credit impairment of the related Counterparty.
However, there can be no assurance that any such mechanism will result in the
ability of the Servicer to obtain a replacement Financial Instrument.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST FUNDS
ASSETS
The primary assets of each Trust Fund (the "ASSETS" ) will include (i)
single family and/or multifamily mortgage loans (or certain balances thereof)
(collectively, the "MORTGAGE LOANS" ), including without limitation, Home
Equity Loans, Home Improvement Contracts and Land Sale Contracts, (ii) home
improvement installment sales contracts or installment loans that are
unsecured ("UNSECURED HOME IMPROVEMENT LOANS" ), (iii) manufactured housing
installment sale contracts or installment loan agreements (the "CONTRACTS" ),
(iv) any combination of "fully modified pass-through" mortgage-backed
certificates ("GINNIE MAE CERTIFICATES" ) guaranteed by the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GINNIE MAE" ), guaranteed mortgage pass-
through securities ("FANNIE MAE CERTIFICATES" ) issued by Fannie Mae and
mortgage participation certificates ("FREDDIE MAC CERTIFICATES" ) issued by
Freddie Mac (collectively, "AGENCY SECURITIES" ), (v) previously issued asset-
backed certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations or participation
certificates (each, and collectively, "MORTGAGE SECURITIES" ) evidencing
interests in, or collateralized by, Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home Improvement
Loans, Contracts or Agency Securities or (vi) a combination of Mortgage Loans,
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, Contracts, Agency Securities and/or Mortgage
Securities. The Mortgage Loans will not be guaranteed or insured by ACE
Securities Corp. (the "DEPOSITOR" ) or any of its affiliates. The Mortgage
Loans will be guaranteed or insured by a governmental agency or
instrumentality or other person only if and to the extent expressly provided
in the related Prospectus Supplement. Each Asset will be selected by the
Depositor for inclusion in a Trust Fund from among those purchased, either
directly or indirectly, from a prior holder thereof (an "ASSET SELLER" ),
which may be an affiliate of the Depositor and which prior holder may or may
not be the originator of such Mortgage Loan, Unsecured Home Improvement Loan
or Contract.
The Assets included in the Trust Fund for a series may be subject to various
types of payment provisions. Such Assets may consist of (1) "LEVEL PAYMENT
ASSETS," which may provide for the payment of interest and full repayment of
principal in level monthly payments with a fixed rate of interest computed on
their declining principal balances; (2) "ADJUSTABLE RATE ASSETS," which may
provide for periodic adjustments to their rates of interest to equal the sum
(which may be rounded) of a fixed margin and an index; (3) "BUY DOWN ASSETS,"
which are Assets for which funds have been provided by someone other than the
related Obligors to reduce the Obligors' monthly payments during the early
period after origination of such Assets; (4) "INCREASING PAYMENT ASSETS," as
described below; (5) "INTEREST REDUCTION ASSETS," which provide for the one-
time reduction of the interest rate payable thereon; (6) "GEM ASSETS," which
provide for (a) monthly payments during the first year after origination that
are at least sufficient to pay interest due thereon, and (b) an increase in
such monthly payments in subsequent years at a predetermined rate resulting in
full repayment over a shorter term than the initial amortization terms of such
Assets; (7) "GPM ASSETS," which allow for payments during a portion of their
terms which are or may be less than the amount of interest due on the unpaid
principal balances thereof, and which unpaid interest will be added to the
principal balances of such Assets and will be paid, together with interest
thereon, in later years; (8) "STEP-UP RATE ASSETS" which provide for interest
rates that increase over time; (9) "BALLOON PAYMENT ASSETS;" (10) "CONVERTIBLE
ASSETS" which are Adjustable Rate Assets subject to provisions pursuant to
which, subject to certain limitations, the related Obligors may exercise an
option to convert the adjustable interest rate to a fixed interest rate; and
(11) "BI-WEEKLY ASSETS," which provide for Obligor payments to be made on a
bi-weekly basis.
An Increasing Payment Asset is an Asset that provides for monthly payments
that are fixed for an initial period to be specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement and which increase thereafter (at a predetermined rate expressed as
a percentage of the monthly payment during the preceding payment period,
subject to any caps on the amount of any single monthly payment increase) for
a period to be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement from the date of
origination, after which the monthly payment is fixed at a level- payment
amount so as to fully amortize the Asset over its remaining term to maturity.
The scheduled monthly payment with respect to an Increasing Payment Asset is
the total amount required to be paid each month
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in accordance with its terms and equals the sum of (1) the Obligor's monthly
payments referred to in the preceding sentence and (2) in the case of certain
Increasing Payment Assets, payments made by the respective Servicers pursuant
to buy-down or subsidy agreements. The Obligor's initial monthly payments for
each Increasing Payment Asset are set at the level-payment amount that would
apply to an otherwise identical Level Payment Asset having an interest rate a
certain number of percentage points below the Asset Rate of such Increasing
Payment Asset. The Obligor's Monthly Payments on each Increasing Payment
Asset, together with any payments made thereon by the related Servicers
pursuant to buy-down or subsidy agreements, will in all cases be sufficient to
allow payment of accrued interest on such Increasing Payment Asset at the
related interest rate, without negative amortization. An Obligor's monthly
payments on such an Asset may, however, not be sufficient to result in any
reduction of the principal balance of such Asset until after the period when
such payments may be increased.
The Securities will be entitled to payment only from the assets of the
related Trust Fund and will not be entitled to payments in respect of the
assets of any other trust fund established by the Depositor. If specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the assets of a Trust Fund will consist of
certificates representing beneficial ownership interests in, or indebtedness
of, another trust fund that contains the Assets.
MORTGAGE LOANS
General
Each Mortgage Loan will generally be secured by a lien on (i) a one- to
four-family residential property (including a manufactured home) or a security
interest in shares issued by a cooperative housing corporation (a "SINGLE
FAMILY PROPERTY" and the related Mortgage Loan a "SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE
LOAN" ) or (ii) a primarily residential property which consists of five or
more residential dwelling units, and which may include limited retail, office
or other commercial space (a "MULTIFAMILY PROPERTY" and the related Mortgage
Loan a "MULTIFAMILY MORTGAGE LOAN" ). Single Family Properties and Multifamily
Properties are sometimes referred to herein collectively as "MORTGAGED
PROPERTIES." To the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Mortgage Loans will be secured by first and/or junior mortgages or deeds of
trust or other similar security instruments creating a first or junior lien on
Mortgaged Property. The Mortgaged Properties may include apartments owned by
cooperative housing corporations ("COOPERATIVES" ). The Mortgaged Properties
may include leasehold interests in properties, the title to which is held by
third party lessors. The term of any such leasehold shall exceed the term of
the related mortgage note by at least five years or such other time period
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The Mortgage Loans may include
(i) closed-end and/or revolving home equity loans or certain balances thereof
("HOME EQUITY LOANS" ) and/or (ii) secured home improvement installment sales
contracts and secured installment loan agreements ("HOME IMPROVEMENT
CONTRACTS" ). In addition, the Mortgage Loans may include certain Mortgage
Loans evidenced by contracts ("LAND SALE CONTRACTS" ) for the sale of
properties pursuant to which the mortgagor promises to pay the amount due
thereon to the holder thereof with fee title to the related property held by
such holder until the mortgagor has made all of the payments required pursuant
to such Land Sale Contract, at which time fee title is conveyed to the
mortgagor. The Originator of each Mortgage Loan will have been a person other
than the Depositor. The related Prospectus Supplement will indicate if any
Originator is an affiliate of the Depositor. The Mortgage Loans will be
evidenced by promissory notes (the "MORTGAGE NOTES" ) secured by mortgages,
deeds of trust or other security instruments (the "MORTGAGES" ) creating a
lien on the Mortgaged Properties. The Mortgaged Properties will be located in
any one of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto
Rico or any other territory of the United States. If so provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, Mortgage Loans may include loans insured by the
FHA ("FHA LOANS" ) or partially guaranteed by the VA ("VA LOANS"). See "--FHA
Loans and VA Loans." below.
Loan-to-Value Ratio
The "LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO" of a Mortgage Loan at any given time is the ratio
(expressed as a percentage) of the then outstanding principal balance of the
Mortgage Loan to the Value of
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the related Mortgaged Property. The "VALUE" of a Mortgaged Property, other
than with respect to Refinance Loans, is generally the lesser of (a) the
appraised value determined in an appraisal obtained by the originator at
origination of such loan and (b) the sales price for such property. "REFINANCE
LOANS" are loans made to refinance existing loans. Unless otherwise set forth
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Value of the Mortgaged Property
securing a Refinance Loan is the appraised value thereof determined in an
appraisal obtained at the time of origination of the Refinance Loan. The value
of a Mortgaged Property as of the date of initial issuance of the related
series of Securities may be less than the Value at origination and will
fluctuate from time to time based upon changes in economic conditions and the
real estate market.
Mortgage Loan Information in Prospectus Supplements
Each Prospectus Supplement will contain information, as of the dates
specified in such Prospectus Supplement and to the extent then applicable and
specifically known to the Depositor, with respect to the Mortgage Loans,
including (i) the aggregate outstanding principal balance and the largest,
smallest and average outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loans as of
the applicable Cut-off Date, (ii) the type of property securing the Mortgage
Loans, (iii) the weighted average (by principal balance) of the original and
remaining terms to maturity of the Mortgage Loans, (iv) the earliest and
latest origination date and maturity date of the Mortgage Loans, (v) the range
of the Loan-to-Value Ratios at origination of the Mortgage Loans, (vi) the
Mortgage Rates or range of Mortgage Rates and the weighted average Mortgage
Rate borne by the Mortgage Loans, (vii) the state or states in which most of
the Mortgaged Properties are located, (viii) information with respect to the
prepayment provisions, if any, of the Mortgage Loans, (ix) with respect to
Mortgage Loans with adjustable Mortgage Rates ("ARM LOANS" ), the index, the
frequency of the adjustment dates, the range of margins added to the index,
and the maximum Mortgage Rate or monthly payment variation at the time of any
adjustment thereof and over the life of the ARM Loan, (x) information
regarding the payment characteristics of the Mortgage Loans, including without
limitation balloon payment and other amortization provisions, (xi) the number
of Mortgage Loans that are delinquent and the number of days or ranges of the
number of days such Mortgage Loans are delinquent and (xii) the material
underwriting standards used for the Mortgage Loans. If specific information
respecting the Mortgage Loans is not known to the Depositor at the time
Securities are initially offered, more general information of the nature
described above will be provided in the Prospectus Supplement, and specific
information will be set forth in a report which will be available to
purchasers of the related Securities at or before the initial issuance thereof
and will be filed as part of a Current Report on Form 8-K with the Securities
and Exchange Commission within fifteen days after such initial issuance.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the characteristics of the Mortgage Loans
included in a Trust Fund will not vary by more than five percent (by aggregate
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) from the characteristics thereof
that are described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The related Prospectus Supplement will specify whether the Mortgage Loans
include (i) Home Equity Loans, which may be secured by Mortgages that are
junior to other liens on the related Mortgaged Property and/or (ii) Home
Improvement Contracts originated by a home improvement contractor and secured
by a Mortgage on the related Mortgaged Property that is junior to other liens
on the Mortgaged Property. The home improvements purchased with the Home
Improvement Contracts typically include replacement windows, house siding,
roofs, swimming pools, satellite dishes, kitchen and bathroom remodeling
goods, solar heating panels, patios, decks, room additions and garages. The
related Prospectus Supplement will specify whether the Home Improvement
Contracts are FHA Loans and, if so, the limitations on any FHA insurance. In
addition, the related Prospectus Supplement will specify whether the Mortgage
Loans contain certain Mortgage Loans evidenced by Land Sale Contracts.
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Payment Provisions of the Mortgage Loans
All of the Mortgage Loans will provide for payments of principal, interest
or both, on due dates that occur monthly, quarterly or semi-annually or at
such other interval as is specified in the related Prospectus Supplement or
for payments in another manner described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Each Mortgage Loan may provide for no accrual of interest or for accrual of
interest thereon at an interest rate (a "MORTGAGE RATE") that is fixed over
its term or that adjusts from time to time, or that may be converted from an
adjustable to a fixed Mortgage Rate or a different adjustable Mortgage Rate,
or from a fixed to an adjustable Mortgage Rate, from time to time pursuant to
an election or as otherwise specified on the related Mortgage Note, in each
case as described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan may
provide for scheduled payments to maturity or payments that adjust from time
to time to accommodate changes in the Mortgage Rate or to reflect the
occurrence of certain events or that adjust on the basis of other
methodologies, and may provide for negative amortization or accelerated
amortization, in each case as described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Each Mortgage Loan may be fully amortizing or require a balloon payment due on
its stated maturity date, in each case as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan may contain prohibitions on prepayment (a
"LOCK-OUT PERIOD" and, the date of expiration thereof, a "LOCK-OUT DATE") or
require payment of a premium or a yield maintenance penalty (a "PREPAYMENT
PREMIUM") in connection with a prepayment, in each case as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In the event that holders of any class or
classes of Offered Securities will be entitled to all or a portion of any
Prepayment Premiums collected in respect of Mortgage Loans, the related
Prospectus Supplement will specify the method or methods by which any such
amounts will be allocated. See "--The Assets" above.
Revolving Credit Line Loans
As more fully described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage
Loans may consist, in whole or in part, of revolving Home Equity Loans or
certain balances thereof ("REVOLVING CREDIT LINE LOANS"). Interest on each
Revolving Credit Line Loan, excluding introductory rates offered from time to
time during promotional periods, may be computed and payable monthly on the
average daily outstanding principal balance of such loan. From time to time
prior to the expiration of the related draw period specified in a Revolving
Credit Line Loan, principal amounts on such Revolving Credit Line Loan may be
drawn down (up to a maximum amount as set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement) or repaid. If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, new
draws by borrowers under the Revolving Credit Line Loans will automatically
become part of the Trust Fund described in such Prospectus Supplement. As a
result, the aggregate balance of the Revolving Credit Line Loans will
fluctuate from day to day as new draws by borrowers are added to the Trust
Fund and principal payments are applied to such balances and such amounts will
usually differ each day, as more specifically described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Under certain circumstances, under a Revolving Credit
Line Loan, a borrower may, during the related draw period, choose an interest
only payment option, during which the borrower is obligated to pay only the
amount of interest which accrues on the loan during the billing cycle, and may
also elect to pay all or a portion of the principal. An interest only payment
option may terminate at the end of the related draw period, after which the
borrower must begin paying at least a minimum monthly portion of the average
outstanding principal balance of the loan.
UNSECURED HOME IMPROVEMENT LOANS
The Unsecured Home Improvement Loans may consist of conventional unsecured
home improvement loans, unsecured installment loans and unsecured home
improvement loans which are FHA Loans. See "--FHA Loans and VA Loans" below
and "Description of the
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Agreements--Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements and
Underlying Servicing Agreements--FHA Insurance and VA Guarantees." Except as
otherwise set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans will be fully amortizing and will bear interest at a fixed
or variable annual percentage rate.
Unsecured Home Improvement Loan Information in Prospectus Supplements
Each Prospectus Supplement will contain information, as of the dates
specified in such Prospectus Supplement and to the extent then applicable and
specifically known to the Depositor, with respect to the Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans, including (i) the aggregate outstanding principal balance
and the largest, smallest and average outstanding principal balance of the
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans as of the applicable Cut-Off Date, (ii) the
weighted average (by principal balance) of the original and remaining terms to
maturity of the Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, (iii) the earliest and
latest origination date and maturity date of the Unsecured Home Improvements
Loans, (iv) the interest rates or range of interest rates and the weighted
average interest rates borne by the Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, (v) the
state or states in which most of the Unsecured Home Improvement Loans were
originated, (vi) information with respect to the prepayment provisions, if
any, of the Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, (vii) with respect to the
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans with adjustable interest rates ("ARM
UNSECURED HOME IMPROVEMENT LOANS"), the index, the frequency of the adjustment
dates, the range of margins added to the index, and the maximum interest rate
or monthly payment variation at the time of any adjustment thereof and over
the life of the ARM Unsecured Home Improvement Loan, (viii) information
regarding the payment characteristics of the Unsecured Home Improvement Loan,
(ix) the number of Unsecured Home Improvement Loans that are delinquent and
the number of days or ranges of the number of days such Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans are delinquent and (x) the material underwriting standards
used for the Unsecured Home Improvement Loans. If specific information
respecting the Unsecured Home Improvement Loans is not known to the Depositor
at the time Securities are initially offered, more general information of the
nature described above will be provided in the Prospectus Supplement, and
specific information will be set forth in a report which will be available to
purchasers of the related Securities at or before the initial issuance thereof
and will be filed as part of a Current Report on Form 8-K with the Securities
and Exchange Commission within fifteen days after such initial issuance.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the characteristics of the Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans included in a Trust Fund will not vary by more than five
percent (by aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) from the
characteristics thereof that are described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
CONTRACTS
General
To the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, each Contract
will be secured by a security interest in a new or used Manufactured Home. To
the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Contracts may
include Contracts which are FHA Loans. See "--FHA Loans and VA Loans" below
and "Description of the Agreements--Material Terms of the Pooling and
Servicing Agreements and Underlying Servicing Agreements--FHA Insurance and VA
Guarantees." Such Prospectus Supplement will specify the states or other
jurisdictions in which the Manufactured Homes are located as of the related
Cut-off Date. The method of computing the "LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO" of a Contract
will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
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Contract Information in Prospectus Supplements
Each Prospectus Supplement will contain certain information, as of the dates
specified in such Prospectus Supplement and to the extent then applicable and
specifically known to the Depositor, with respect to the Contracts, including
(i) the aggregate outstanding principal balance and the largest, smallest and
average outstanding principal balance of the Contracts as of the applicable
Cut-off Date, (ii) whether the Manufactured Homes were new or used as of the
origination of the related Contracts, (iii) the weighted average (by principal
balance) of the original and remaining terms to maturity of the Contracts,
(iv) the earliest and latest origination date and maturity date of the
Contracts, (v) the range of the Loan-to-Value Ratios at origination of the
Contracts, (vi) the Contract Rates or range of Contract Rates and the weighted
average Contract Rate borne by the Contracts, (vii) the state or states in
which most of the Manufactured Homes are located at origination, (viii)
information with respect to the prepayment provisions, if any, of the
Contracts, (ix) with respect to Contracts with adjustable Contract Rates ("ARM
CONTRACTS" ), the index, the frequency of the adjustment dates, and the
maximum Contract Rate or monthly payment variation at the time of any
adjustment thereof and over the life of the ARM Contract, (x) the number of
Contracts that are delinquent and the number of days or ranges of the number
of days such Contracts are delinquent, (xi) information regarding the payment
characteristics of the Contracts and (xii) the material underwriting standards
used for the Contracts. If specific information respecting the Contracts is
not known to the Depositor at the time Securities are initially offered, more
general information of the nature described above will be provided in the
Prospectus Supplement, and specific information will be set forth in a report
which will be available to purchasers of the related Securities at or before
the initial issuance thereof and will be filed as part of a Current Report on
Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission within fifteen days after
such initial issuance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the characteristics of
the Contracts included in a Trust Fund will not vary by more than five percent
(by aggregate principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) from the
characteristics thereof that are described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Payment Provisions of the Contracts
All of the Contracts will provide for payments of principal, interest or
both, on due dates that occur monthly or at such other interval as is
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement or for payments in another
manner described in the Prospectus Supplement. Each Contract may provide for
no accrual of interest or for accrual of interest thereon at an annual
percentage rate (a "CONTRACT RATE") that is fixed over its term or that
adjusts from time to time, or as otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Each Contract may provide for scheduled payments to maturity or
payments that adjust from time to time to accommodate changes in the Contract
Rate as otherwise described in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "--
Assets" above.
AGENCY SECURITIES
The Agency Securities will consist of any combination of Ginnie Mae
Certificates, Fannie Mae Certificates and Freddie Mac Certificates, which may
include Stripped Agency Securities, as described below.
Ginnie Mae
Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned corporate instrumentality of the United States
within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Section 306(g) of
Title III of the Housing Act authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the timely
payment of the principal of and interest on certificates that are based on and
backed by a pool of FHA Loans, VA Loans or by pools of other eligible
residential loans.
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Section 306(g) of the Housing Act provides that "the full faith and credit
of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts which may be
required to be paid under any guaranty under this subsection." In order to
meet its obligations under such guaranty, Ginnie Mae is authorized, under
Section 306(d) of the Housing Act, to borrow from the United States Treasury
with no limitations as to amount, to perform its obligations under its
guarantee.
Ginnie Mae Certificates
Each Ginnie Mae Certificate will be a "fully modified pass-through"
mortgage-backed certificate issued and serviced by an issuer approved by
Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae as a seller-servicer of FHA Loans or VA Loans, except
as described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities (as defined
below). The loans underlying Ginnie Mae Certificates may consist of FHA Loans,
VA Loans and other loans eligible for inclusion in loan pools underlying
Ginnie Mae Certificates. Ginnie Mae Certificates may be issued under either or
both of the Ginnie Mae I program and the Ginnie Mae II program, as described
in the related Prospectus Supplement. The Prospectus Supplement for
Certificates of each Series evidencing interests in a Trust Fund including
Ginnie Mae Certificates will set forth additional information regarding the
Ginnie Mae guaranty program, the characteristics of the pool underlying such
Ginnie Mae Certificates, the servicing of the related pool, the payment of
principal and interest on Ginnie Mae Certificates to the extent not described
herein and other relevant matters with respect to the Ginnie Mae Certificates.
Except as otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement or as
described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities, each Ginnie Mae
Certificate will provide for the payment, by or on behalf of the issuer, to
the registered holder of such Ginnie Mae Certificate of monthly payments of
principal and interest equal to the holder's proportionate interest in the
aggregate amount of the monthly principal and interest payments on each
related FHA Loan or VA Loan, less servicing and guaranty fees aggregating the
excess of the interest on such FHA Loan or VA Loan over the Ginnie Mae
Certificates pass-through rate. In addition, each payment to a holder of a
Ginnie Mae Certificate will include proportionate pass-through payments to
such holder of any prepayments of principal of the FHA Loans or VA Loans
underlying the Ginnie Mae Certificate and the holder's proportionate interest
in the remaining principal balance in the event of a foreclosure or other
disposition of any such FHA Loan or VA Loan.
The Ginnie Mae Certificates do not constitute a liability of, or evidence
any recourse against, the issuer of the Ginnie Mae Certificates, the Depositor
or any affiliates thereof, and the only recourse of a registered holder, such
as the Trustee, is to enforce the guaranty of Ginnie Mae.
Ginnie Mae will have approved the issuance of each of the Ginnie Mae
Certificates included in a Trust Fund in accordance with a guaranty agreement
or contract between Ginnie Mae and the issuer of such Ginnie Mae Certificates.
Pursuant to such agreement, such issuer, in its capacity as servicer, is
required to perform customary functions of a servicer of FHA Loans and VA
Loans, including collecting payments from borrowers and remitting such
collections to the registered holder, maintaining escrow and impoundment
accounts of borrowers for payments of taxes, insurance and other items
required to be paid by the borrower, maintaining primary hazard insurance, and
advancing from its own funds in order to make timely payments of all amounts
due on the Ginnie Mae Certificate, even if the payments received by such
issuer on the loans backing the Ginnie Mae Certificate are less than the
amounts due thereon. If the issuer is unable to make payments on a Ginnie Mae
Certificate as they become due, it must promptly notify Ginnie Mae and request
Ginnie Mae to make such payment. Upon such notification and request, Ginnie
Mae will make such payments directly to the registered holder of the Ginnie
Mae Certificate. In the event no payment is made by the issuer and the issuer
fails to notify and
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request Ginnie Mae to make such payment, the registered holder of the Ginnie
Mae Certificate has recourse against only Ginnie Mae to obtain such payment.
The Trustee or its nominee, as registered holder of the Ginnie Mae
Certificates included in a Trust Fund, is entitled to proceed directly against
Ginnie Mae under the terms of the guaranty agreement or contract relating to
such Ginnie Mae Certificates for any amounts that are not paid when due under
each Ginnie Mae Certificate.
The Ginnie Mae Certificates included in a Trust Fund may have other
characteristics and terms, different from those described above so long as
such Ginnie Mae Certificates and underlying residential loans meet the
criteria of the Rating Agency or Agencies. Such Ginnie Mae Certificates and
underlying residential loans will be described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Fannie Mae
Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and stockholder-owned corporation
organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter
Act, as amended (the "CHARTER ACT"). Fannie Mae was originally established in
1938 as a United States government agency to provide supplemental liquidity to
the mortgage market and was transformed into a stockholder-owned and privately
managed corporation by legislation enacted in 1968.
Fannie Mae provides funds to the mortgage market by purchasing mortgage
loans from lenders. Fannie Mae acquires funds to purchase loans from many
capital market investors, thereby expanding the total amount of funds
available for housing. Operating nationwide, Fannie Mae helps to redistribute
mortgage funds from capital-surplus to capital-short areas. In addition,
Fannie Mae issues mortgage-backed securities primarily in exchange for pools
of mortgage loans from lenders. Fannie Mae receives fees for its guaranty of
timely payment of principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities.
Fannie Mae Certificates
Fannie Mae Certificates are Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates
typically issued pursuant to a prospectus which is periodically revised by
Fannie Mae. Fannie Mae Certificates represent fractional undivided interests
in a pool of mortgage loans formed by Fannie Mae. Each mortgage loan must meet
the applicable standards of the Fannie Mae purchase program. Mortgage loans
comprising a pool are either provided by Fannie Mae from its own portfolio or
purchased pursuant to the criteria of the Fannie Mae purchase program.
Mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae Certificates included in a Trust Fund
will consist of conventional mortgage loans, FHA Loans or VA Loans. The
Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing interests in a
Trust Fund including Fannie Mae Certificates will set forth additional
information regarding the Fannie Mae program, the characteristics of the pool
underlying such Fannie Mae Certificates, the servicing of the related pool,
payment of principal and interest on the Fannie Mae Certificates to the extent
not described herein and other relevant matters with respect to the Fannie Mae
Certificates.
Except as described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities, Fannie
Mae guarantees to each registered holder of a Fannie Mae Certificate that it
will distribute amounts representing such holder's proportionate share of
scheduled principal and interest at the applicable pass-through rate provided
for by such Fannie Mae Certificate on the underlying mortgage loans, whether
or not received, and such holder's proportionate share of the full principal
amount of any prepayment or foreclosed or other finally liquidated mortgage
loan, whether or not such principal amount is actually recovered.
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The obligations of Fannie Mae under its guarantees are obligations solely of
Fannie Mae and are not backed by, nor entitled to, the full faith and credit
of the United States. If Fannie Mae were unable to satisfy such obligations,
distributions to the holders of Fannie Mae Certificates would consist solely
of payments and other recoveries on the underlying loans and, accordingly,
monthly distributions to the holders of Fannie Mae Certificates would be
affected by delinquent payments and defaults on such loans.
Fannie Mae Certificates evidencing interests in pools of mortgage loans
formed on or after May 1, 1985 (other than Fannie Mae Certificates backed by
pools containing graduated payment mortgage loans or multifamily loans) are
available in book-entry form only. With respect to a Fannie Mae Certificate
issued in book-entry form, distributions thereon will be made by wire, and
with respect to a fully registered Fannie Mae Certificate, distributions
thereon will be made by check.
The Fannie Mae Certificates included in a Trust Fund may have other
characteristics and terms, different from those described above, so long as
such Fannie Mae Certificates and underlying mortgage loans meet the criteria
of the Rating Agency or Rating Agencies rating the Certificates of such
Series. Such Fannie Mae Certificates and underlying mortgage loans will be
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Freddie Mac
Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created
pursuant to Title III of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended
(the "FREDDIE MAC ACT"). Freddie Mac was established primarily for the purpose
of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for the financing of needed
housing. It seeks to provide an enhanced degree of liquidity for residential
mortgage investments primarily by assisting in the development of secondary
markets for conventional mortgages. The principal activity of Freddie Mac
currently consists of the purchase of first lien, conventional residential
mortgage loans or participation interests in such mortgage loans and the
resale of the mortgage loans so purchased in the form of mortgage securities,
primarily Freddie Mac Certificates. Freddie Mac is confined to purchasing, so
far as practicable, mortgage loans and participation interests therein which
it deems to be of such quality, type and class as to meet generally the
purchase standards imposed by private institutional mortgage investors.
Freddie Mac Certificates
Each Freddie Mac Certificate represents an undivided interest in a pool of
residential loans that may consist of first lien conventional residential
loans, FHA Loans or VA Loans (the "FREDDIE MAC CERTIFICATE GROUP"). Each such
mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in the Freddie Mac
Act. A Freddie Mac Certificate Group may include whole loans, participation
interests in whole loans and undivided interests in whole loans and/or
participations comprising another Freddie Mac Certificate Group. The
Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing interests in a
Trust Fund including Freddie Mac Certificates will set forth additional
information regarding the Freddie Mac guaranty program, the characteristics of
the pool underlying such Freddie Mac Certificate, the servicing of the related
pool, payment of principal and interest on the Freddie Mac Certificate to the
extent not described herein and other relevant matters with respect to the
Freddie Mac Certificates.
Except as described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities,
Freddie Mac guarantees to each registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate
the timely payment of interest on the underlying mortgage loans to the extent
of the applicable pass-through rate on the registered holder's pro rata share
of the unpaid principal balance outstanding on the underlying
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mortgage loans in the Freddie Mac Certificate Group represented by such
Freddie Mac Certificate, whether or not received. Freddie Mac also guarantees
to each registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate collection by such
holder of all principal on the underlying mortgage loans, without any offset
or deduction, to the extent of such holder's pro rata share thereof, but does
not, except if and to the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, guarantee the timely payment of scheduled principal. Pursuant to
its guarantees, Freddie Mac also guarantees ultimate collection of scheduled
principal payments, prepayments of principal and the remaining principal
balance in the event of a foreclosure or other disposition of a mortgage loan.
Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of collection
of principal at any time after default on an underlying mortgage loan, but not
later than 30 days following the latest of (i) foreclosure sale, (ii) payment
of the claim by any mortgage insurer and (iii) the expiration of any right of
redemption, but in any event no later than one year after demand has been made
upon the mortgagor for accelerated payment of principal. In taking actions
regarding the collection of principal after default on the mortgage loans
underlying Freddie Mac Certificates, including the timing of demand for
acceleration, Freddie Mac reserves the right to exercise its servicing
judgment with respect to the mortgage loans in the same manner as for mortgage
loans which it has purchased but not sold. The length of time necessary for
Freddie Mac to determine that a mortgage loan should be accelerated varies
with the particular circumstances of each mortgagor, and Freddie Mac has not
adopted servicing standards that require that the demand be made within any
specified period.
Freddie Mac Certificates are not guaranteed by the United States or by any
Federal Home Loan Bank and do not constitute debts or obligations of the
United States or any Federal Home Loan Bank. The obligations of Freddie Mac
under its guarantee are obligations solely of Freddie Mac and are not backed
by, nor entitled to, the full faith and credit of the United States. If
Freddie Mac were unable to satisfy such obligations, distributions to holders
of Freddie Mac Certificates would consist solely of payments and other
recoveries on the underlying mortgage loans and, accordingly, monthly
distributions to holders of Freddie Mac Certificates would be affected by
delinquent payments and defaults on such Mortgage Loans.
The Freddie Mac Certificates included in a Trust Fund may have other
characteristics and terms, different from those described above, so long as
such Freddie Mac Certificates and underlying mortgage loans meet the criteria
of the Rating Agency or Rating Agencies rating the Securities of such Series.
Such Freddie Mac Certificates and underlying mortgage loans will be described
in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Stripped Agency Securities
The Ginnie Mae Certificates, Fannie Mae Certificates or Freddie Mac
Certificates may be issued in the form of certificates ("STRIPPED AGENCY
SECURITIES") which represent an undivided interest in all or part of either
the principal distributions (but not the interest distributions) or the
interest distributions (but not the principal distributions), or in some
specified portion of the principal or interest distributions (but not all of
such distributions), on an underlying pool of mortgage loans or certain other
Ginnie Mae Certificates, Fannie Mae Certificates or Freddie Mac Certificates.
Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, as applicable, will guarantee each
Stripped Agency Security to the same extent as such entity guarantees the
underlying securities backing such Stripped Agency Securities or to the extent
described above with respect to a Stripped Agency Security backed by a pool of
mortgage loans, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing
interests in a Trust Fund including Stripped Agency Securities will set forth
additional information regarding the characteristics of the assets underlying
such Stripped Agency Securities, the payments of principal and interest on the
Stripped Agency Securities and other relevant matters with respect to the
Stripped Agency Securities.
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MORTGAGE SECURITIES
The Mortgage Securities will represent beneficial interests in loans of the
type that would otherwise be eligible to be Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans, Contract, or Agency Securities, or collateralized
obligations secured by Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home Improvement Loans,
Contracts or Agency Securities. The Mortgage Securities (i) will have been
issued by an entity other than the Depositor or its affiliates, (ii) will have
been acquired in bona fide secondary market transactions from persons other
than the issuer thereof or its affiliates and (iii) will have been (a) offered
and distributed to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement
or (b) purchased in a transaction not involving any public offering from a
person who is not an affiliate of the issuer of such securities at the time of
sale (nor an affiliate thereof at any time during the preceding three months);
provided a period of two years elapsed since the later of the date the
securities were acquired from the issuer. Although individual Underlying Loans
may be insured or guaranteed by the United States or an agency or
instrumentality thereof, they need not be, and Mortgage Securities themselves
will not be so insured or guaranteed. Except as otherwise set forth in the
related Prospectus Supplement, Mortgage Securities will generally be similar
to Securities offered hereunder.
The Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing interests
in a Trust Fund including Mortgage Securities will include a description of
such Mortgage Securities and any related credit enhancement, and the related
Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, Contracts or Agency
Securities will be described together with any other Mortgage Loans, Unsecured
Home Improvement Loans, Contracts or Agency Securities included in the Trust
Fund relating to such series. As to any such series of Securities, as used
herein the terms "Mortgage Loans," "Unsecured Home Improvement Loans" and
"Contracts" include the Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home Improvement Loans or
Contracts, as applicable, underlying such Mortgage Securities. References
herein to advances to be made and other actions to be taken by the Master
Servicer in connection with the Assets may include such advances made and
other actions taken pursuant to the terms of such Mortgage Securities.
FHA LOANS AND VA LOANS
FHA Loans will be insured by the FHA as authorized under the Housing Act,
and the United States Housing Act of 1937, as amended. One- to four-family FHA
Loans will be insured under various FHA programs including the standard FHA
203-b programs to finance the acquisition of one- to four-family housing units
and the FHA 245 graduated payment mortgage program. Such FHA Loans generally
require a minimum down payment of approximately 5% of the original principal
amount of the FHA Loan. No FHA Loan may have an interest rate or original
principal balance exceeding the applicable FHA limits at the time of
origination of such FHA Loan.
Mortgage Loans, Unsecured Home Improvement Loans and Contracts that are FHA
Loans are insured by the FHA (as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, up to an amount equal to 90% of the sum of the unpaid principal of
the FHA Loan, a portion of the unpaid interest and certain other liquidation
costs) pursuant to Title I of the Housing Act.
There are two primary FHA insurance programs that are available for
multifamily loans. Sections 221(d)(3) and (d)(4) of the Housing Act allow HUD
to insure multifamily loans that are secured by newly constructed and
substantially rehabilitated multifamily rental projects. Section 244 of the
Housing Act provides for co-insurance of such loans made under Sections
221(d)(3) and (d)(4) by HUD/FHA and a HUD-approved co-insurer. Generally the
term of such a multifamily loan may be up to 40 years and the ratio of the
loan amount to property replacement cost can be up to 90%.
Section 223(f) of the Housing Act allows HUD to insure multifamily loans
made for the purchase or refinancing of existing apartment projects that are
at least three years old. Section
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244 also provides for co-insurance of mortgage loans made under Section
223(f). Under Section 223(f), the loan proceeds cannot be used for substantial
rehabilitation work, but repairs may be made for up to, in general, the
greater of 15% of the value of the project and a dollar amount per apartment
unit established from time to time by HUD. In general the loan term may not
exceed 35 years and a loan-to-value ratio of no more than 85% is required for
the purchase of a project and 70% for the refinancing of a project.
VA Loans will be partially guaranteed by the VA under the Servicemen's
Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended (the "SERVICEMEN'S READJUSTMENT ACT").
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act permits a veteran (or in certain instances
the spouse of a veteran) to obtain a mortgage loan guarantee by the VA
covering mortgage financing of the purchase of a one- to four-family dwelling
unit at interest rates permitted by the VA. The program has no mortgage loan
limits, requires no down payment from the purchasers and permits the guarantee
of mortgage loans of up to 30 years' duration. However, no VA Loan will have
an original principal amount greater than five times the partial VA guarantee
for such VA Loan. The maximum guarantee that may be issued by the VA under
this program will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT
To the extent provided in a Prospectus Supplement, a portion of the proceeds
of the issuance of Securities may be deposited into an account maintained with
the Trustee (a "PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT"). In such event, the Depositor will be
obligated (subject only to the availability thereof) to sell at a
predetermined price, and the Trust Fund for the related series of Securities
will be obligated to purchase (subject to the availability thereof),
additional Assets (the "SUBSEQUENT ASSETS") from time to time (as frequently
as daily) within the period (not to exceed three months) specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement (the "PRE-FUNDING PERIOD") after the issuance of
such series of Securities having an aggregate principal balance approximately
equal to the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account (the "PRE-FUNDED
AMOUNT") for such series on the date of such issuance. The Pre-Funded Amount
with respect to a series is not expected to exceed 25% of the aggregate
initial Security Balance of the related Securities. Any Subsequent Assets will
be required to satisfy certain eligibility criteria more fully set forth in
the related Prospectus Supplement, which eligibility criteria will be
consistent with the eligibility criteria of the Assets initially included in
the Trust Fund, subject to such exceptions as are expressly stated in the
Prospectus Supplement. For example, the Subsequent Assets will be subject to
the same underwriting standards, representations and warranties as the Assets
initially included in the Trust Fund. In addition, certain conditions must be
satisfied before the Subsequent Assets are transferred into the Trust Fund
such as the delivery to the Rating Agencies and the Trustee of certain
opinions of counsel (including bankruptcy, corporate and tax opinions).
Except as set forth in the following sentence, the Pre-Funded Amount will be
used only to purchase Subsequent Mortgage Loans. Any portion of the Pre-Funded
Amount remaining in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding
Period will be used to prepay one or more classes of Securities in the amounts
and in the manner specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. In addition,
if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor may be
required to deposit cash into an account maintained by the Trustee (the
"CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT" ) for the purpose of assuring the availability
of funds to pay interest with respect to the Securities during the Pre-Funding
Period. Any amount remaining in the Capitalized Interest Account at the end of
the Pre-Funding Period will be remitted as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Amounts deposited in the Pre-Funding and Capitalized Interest Accounts will
be permitted to be invested, pending application thereof, only in eligible
investments authorized by each applicable Rating Agency.
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ACCOUNTS
Each Trust Fund will include one or more accounts, established and
maintained on behalf of the Securityholders into which the person or persons
designated in the related Prospectus Supplement will, to the extent described
herein and in such Prospectus Supplement deposit all payments and collections
received or advanced with respect to the Assets and other assets in the Trust
Fund. Such an account may be maintained as an interest bearing or a non-
interest bearing account, and funds held therein may be held as cash or
invested in certain short-term, investment grade obligations, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the
Agreements--Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements and
Underlying Servicing Agreements--Collection Account and Related Accounts."
CREDIT SUPPORT
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, partial or full
protection against certain defaults and losses on the Assets in the related
Trust Fund may be provided to one or more classes of Securities in the related
series in the form of subordination of one or more other classes of Securities
in such series or by one or more other types of credit support, such as a
letter of credit, insurance policy, guarantee, reserve fund or another type of
credit support, or a combination thereof (any such coverage with respect to
the Securities of any series, "CREDIT SUPPORT"). The amount and types of
coverage, the identification of the entity providing the coverage (if
applicable) and related information with respect to each type of Credit
Support, if any, will be described in the Prospectus Supplement for a series
of Securities. See "Risk Factors--Credit Support Limitations" and "Description
of Credit Support."
CASH FLOW AGREEMENTS
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trust Fund may
include guaranteed investment contracts pursuant to which moneys held in the
funds and accounts established for the related series will be invested at a
specified rate. The Trust Fund may also include certain other agreements, such
as interest rate exchange agreements, interest rate cap or floor agreements,
currency exchange agreements or similar agreements provided to reduce the
effects of interest rate or currency exchange rate fluctuations on the Assets
or on one or more classes of Securities. (Currency exchange agreements might
be included in the Trust Fund if some or all of the Mortgage Loans were
denominated in a non-United States currency.) The principal terms of any such
guaranteed investment contract or other agreement (any such agreement, a "CASH
FLOW AGREEMENT"), including, without limitation, provisions relating to the
timing, manner and amount of payments thereunder and provisions relating to
the termination thereof, will be described in the Prospectus Supplement for
the related series. In addition, the related Prospectus Supplement will
provide certain information with respect to the obligor under any such Cash
Flow Agreement.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received from the sale of the Securities will be
applied by the Depositor to the purchase of Assets, or the repayment of the
financing incurred in such purchase, and to pay for certain expenses incurred
in connection with such purchase of Assets and sale of Securities. The
Depositor expects to sell the Securities from time to time, but the timing and
amount of offerings of Securities will depend on a number of factors,
including the volume of Assets acquired by the Depositor, prevailing interest
rates, availability of funds and general market conditions.
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YIELD CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
The yield on any Offered Security will depend on the price paid by the
Securityholder, the Pass-Through Rate of the Security, the receipt and timing
of receipt of distributions on the Security and the weighted average life of
the Assets in the related Trust Fund (which may be affected by prepayments,
defaults, liquidations or repurchases). See "Risk Factors."
PASS-THROUGH RATE AND INTEREST RATE
Securities of any class within a series may have fixed, variable or
adjustable Pass-Through Rates or interest rates, which may or may not be based
upon the interest rates borne by the Assets in the related Trust Fund. The
Prospectus Supplement with respect to any series of Securities will specify
the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate for each class of such Securities or,
in the case of a variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate,
the method of determining the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate; the effect,
if any, of the prepayment of any Asset on the Pass-Through Rate or interest
rate of one or more classes of Securities; and whether the distributions of
interest on the Securities of any class will be dependent, in whole or in
part, on the performance of any obligor under a Cash Flow Agreement.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the effective yield to
maturity to each holder of Securities entitled to payments of interest will be
below that otherwise produced by the applicable Pass-Through Rate or interest
rate and purchase price of such Security because, while interest may accrue on
each Asset during a certain period (each, an "INTEREST ACCRUAL PERIOD"), the
distribution of such interest will be made on a day which may be several days,
weeks or months following the period of accrual.
TIMING OF PAYMENT OF INTEREST
Each payment of interest on the Securities (or addition to the Security
Balance of a class of Accrual Securities) on a Distribution Date will include
interest accrued during the Interest Accrual Period for such Distribution
Date. As indicated above under "--Pass-Through Rate and Interest Rate," if the
Interest Accrual Period ends on a date other than the day before a
Distribution Date for the related series, the yield realized by the holders of
such Securities may be lower than the yield that would result if the Interest
Accrual Period ended on such day before the Distribution Date.
PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL; PREPAYMENTS
The yield to maturity on the Securities will be affected by the rate of
principal payments on the Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and
Agency Securities, the underlying assets related thereto), including principal
prepayments resulting from both voluntary prepayments by the borrowers and
involuntary liquidations. The rate at which such principal prepayments occur
will be affected by a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the
terms of the Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency
Securities, the underlying assets related thereto), the level of prevailing
interest rates, the availability of mortgage credit and economic, demographic,
geographic, tax, legal and other factors. In general, however, if prevailing
interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the Assets in a
particular Trust Fund (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency
Securities, the underlying assets related thereto), such assets are likely to
be the subject of higher principal prepayments than if prevailing rates remain
at or above the rates borne by such assets. In this regard, it should be noted
that certain Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency
Securities, the underlying assets related thereto) may consist of loans with
different interest rates. The rate of principal payment on
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Mortgage Securities will also be affected by the allocation of principal
payments on the underlying assets among the Mortgage Securities or Agency
Securities and other Mortgage Securities or Agency Securities of the same
series. The rate of principal payments on the Assets in the related Trust Fund
(or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the underlying
assets related thereto) is likely to be affected by the existence of any Lock-
out Periods and Prepayment Premium provisions of the mortgage loans underlying
or comprising such Assets, and by the extent to which the servicer of any such
mortgage loan is able to enforce such provisions. Mortgage Loans with a Lock-
out Period or a Prepayment Premium provision, to the extent enforceable,
generally would be expected to experience a lower rate of principal
prepayments than otherwise identical mortgage loans without such provisions,
with shorter Lock-out Periods or with lower Prepayment Premiums. Because of
the depreciating nature of manufactured housing, which limits the
possibilities for refinancing, and because the terms and principal amounts of
manufactured housing contracts are generally shorter and smaller than the
terms and principal amounts of mortgage loans secured by site-built homes,
changes in interest rates have a correspondingly smaller effect on the amount
of the monthly payments on manufactured housing contracts than on the amount
of the monthly payments on mortgage loans secured by site-built homes.
Consequently, changes in interest rates may play a smaller role in prepayment
behavior of manufactured housing contracts than they do in the prepayment
behavior of loans secured by mortgage on site-built homes. Conversely, local
economic conditions and certain of the other factors mentioned above may play
a larger role in the prepayment behavior of manufactured housing contracts
than they do in the prepayment behavior of loans secured by mortgages on site-
built homes.
If the purchaser of a Security offered at a discount calculates its
anticipated yield to maturity based on an assumed rate of distributions of
principal that is faster than that actually experienced on the Assets (or, in
the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the underlying assets
related thereto), the actual yield to maturity will be lower than that so
calculated. Conversely, if the purchaser of a Security offered at a premium
calculates its anticipated yield to maturity based on an assumed rate of
distributions of principal that is slower than that actually experienced on
the Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the
underlying assets related thereto), the actual yield to maturity will be lower
than that so calculated. In either case, if so provided in the Prospectus
Supplement for a series of Securities, the effect on yield on one or more
classes of the Securities of such series of prepayments of the Assets in the
related Trust Fund may be mitigated or exacerbated by any provisions for
sequential or selective distribution of principal to such classes.
When a full prepayment is made on a Mortgage Loan or a Contract, the obligor
is charged interest on the principal amount of the Mortgage Loan or Contract
so prepaid for the number of days in the month actually elapsed up to the date
of the prepayment or such other period specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Generally, the effect of prepayments in full will be to reduce the
amount of interest paid in the following month to holders of Securities
entitled to payments of interest because interest on the principal amount of
any Mortgage Loan or Contract so prepaid will be paid only to the date of
prepayment rather than for a full month. A partial prepayment of principal is
applied so as to reduce the outstanding principal balance of the related
Mortgage Loan or Contract as of the Due Date in the month in which such
partial prepayment is receive or such other date as is specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
The timing of changes in the rate of principal payments on the Assets (or,
in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the underlying
assets related thereto) may significantly affect an investor's actual yield to
maturity, even if the average rate of distributions of principal is consistent
with an investor's expectation. In general, the earlier a principal payment is
received on the Mortgage Loans and distributed on a Security, the greater the
effect
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on such investor's yield to maturity. The effect on an investor's yield of
principal payments occurring at a rate higher (or lower) than the rate
anticipated by the investor during a given period may not be offset by a
subsequent like decrease (or increase) in the rate of principal payments.
The Securityholder will bear the risk of being able to reinvest principal
received in respect of a Security at a yield at least equal to the yield on
such Security.
PREPAYMENTS--MATURITY AND WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE
The rates at which principal payments are received on the Assets included in
or comprising a Trust Fund and the rate at which payments are made from any
Credit Support or Cash Flow Agreement for the related series of Securities may
affect the ultimate maturity and the weighted average life of each class of
such series. Prepayments on the Mortgage Loans or Contracts comprising or
underlying the Assets in a particular Trust Fund will generally accelerate the
rate at which principal is paid on some or all of the classes of the
Securities of the related series.
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities, one
or more classes of Securities may have a final scheduled Distribution Date,
which is the date on or prior to which the Security Balance thereof is
scheduled to be reduced to zero, calculated on the basis of the assumptions
applicable to such series set forth therein. Weighted average life refers to
the average amount of time that will elapse from the date of issue of a
security until each dollar of principal of such security will be repaid to the
investor. The weighted average life of a class of Securities of a series will
be influenced by the rate at which principal on the Assets is paid to such
class, which may be in the form of scheduled amortization or prepayments (for
this purpose, the term "PREPAYMENT" includes prepayments, in whole or in part,
and liquidations due to default).
In addition, the weighted average life of the Securities may be affected by
the varying maturities of the Assets in a Trust Fund. If any Assets in a
particular Trust Fund have actual terms to maturity less than those assumed in
calculating final scheduled Distribution Dates for the classes of Securities
of the related series, one or more classes of such Securities may be fully
paid prior to their respective final scheduled Distribution Dates, even in the
absence of prepayments. Accordingly, the prepayment experience of the Assets
will, to some extent, be a function of the mix of Mortgage Rates or Contract
Rates and maturities of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts comprising or
underlying such Assets. See "Description of the Trust Funds."
Prepayments on loans are also commonly measured relative to a prepayment
standard or model, such as the Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") prepayment
model or the Standard Prepayment Assumption ("SPA") prepayment model, each as
described below. CPR represents a constant assumed rate of prepayment each
month relative to the then outstanding principal balance of a pool of loans
for the life of such loans. SPA represents an assumed rate of prepayment each
month relative to the then outstanding principal balance of a pool of loans. A
prepayment assumption of 100% of SPA assumes prepayment rates of 0.2% per
annum of the then outstanding principal balance of such loans in the first
month of the life of the loans and an additional 0.2% per annum in each month
thereafter until the thirtieth month. Beginning in the thirtieth month and in
each month thereafter during the life of the loans, 100% of SPA assumes a
constant prepayment rate of 6% per annum each month.
Neither CPR nor SPA nor any other prepayment model or assumption purports to
be a historical description of prepayment experience or a prediction of the
anticipated rate of prepayment of any pool of loans, including the Mortgage
Loans or Contracts underlying or comprising the Assets.
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The Prospectus Supplement with respect to each series of Securities may
contain tables, if applicable, setting forth the projected weighted average
life of each class of Offered Securities of such series and the percentage of
the initial Security Balance of each such class that would be outstanding on
specified Distribution Dates based on the assumptions stated in such
Prospectus Supplement, including assumptions that prepayments on the Mortgage
Loans comprising or underlying the related Assets are made at rates
corresponding to various percentages of CPR, SPA or such other standard
specified in such Prospectus Supplement. Such tables and assumptions are
intended to illustrate the sensitivity of the weighted average life of the
Securities to various prepayment rates and will not be intended to predict or
to provide information that will enable investors to predict the actual
weighted average life of the Securities. It is unlikely that prepayment of any
Mortgage Loans or Contracts comprising or underlying the Assets for any series
will conform to any particular level of CPR, SPA or any other rate specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement.
OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE
Type of Asset
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a number of Mortgage
Loans may have balloon payments due at maturity (which, based on the
amortization schedule of such Mortgage Loans, may be a substantial amount),
and because the ability of a mortgagor to make a balloon payment typically
will depend upon its ability either to refinance the loan or to sell the
related Mortgaged Property, there is a risk that a number of Balloon Payment
Assets may default at maturity. The ability to obtain refinancing will depend
on a number of factors prevailing at the time refinancing or sale is required,
including, without limitation, real estate values, the mortgagor's financial
situation, prevailing mortgage loan interest rates, the mortgagor's equity in
the related Mortgaged Property, tax laws and prevailing general economic
conditions. Neither the Depositor, the Servicer, the Master Servicer, nor any
of their affiliates will be obligated to refinance or repurchase any Mortgage
Loan or to sell the Mortgaged Property except to the extent provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In the case of defaults, recovery of proceeds
may be delayed by, among other things, bankruptcy of the mortgagor or adverse
conditions in the market where the property is located. In order to minimize
losses on defaulted Mortgage Loans, the Servicer may modify Mortgage Loans
that are in default or as to which a payment default is reasonably
foreseeable. Any defaulted balloon payment or modification that extends the
maturity of a Mortgage Loan will tend to extend the weighted average life of
the Securities and may thereby lengthen the period of time elapsed from the
date of issuance of a Security until it is retired.
With respect to certain Mortgage Loans, including ARM Loans, the Mortgage
Rate at origination may be below the rate that would result if the index and
margin relating thereto were applied at origination. With respect to certain
Contracts, the Contract Rate may be "stepped up" during its term or may
otherwise vary or be adjusted. Under the applicable underwriting standards,
the mortgagor or obligor under each Mortgage Loan or Contract generally will
be qualified on the basis of the Mortgage Rate or Contract Rate in effect at
origination. The repayment of any such Mortgage Loan or Contract may thus be
dependent on the ability of the mortgagor or obligor to make larger level
monthly payments following the adjustment of the Mortgage Rate or Contract
Rate. In addition, certain Mortgage Loans may be subject to temporary buydown
plans ("BUYDOWN MORTGAGE LOANS") pursuant to which the monthly payments made
by the mortgagor during the early years of the Mortgage Loan will be less than
the scheduled monthly payments thereon (the "BUYDOWN PERIOD"). The periodic
increase in the amount paid by the mortgagor of a Buydown Mortgage Loan during
or at the end of the applicable Buydown Period may create a greater financial
burden for the mortgagor,
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who might not have otherwise qualified for a mortgage, and may accordingly
increase the risk of default with respect to the related Mortgage Loan.
The Mortgage Rates on certain ARM Loans subject to negative amortization
generally adjust monthly and their amortization schedules adjust less
frequently. During a period of rising interest rates as well as immediately
after origination (initial Mortgage Rates are generally lower than the sum of
the applicable index at origination and the related margin over such index at
which interest accrues), the amount of interest accruing on the principal
balance of such Mortgage Loans may exceed the amount of the minimum scheduled
monthly payment thereon. As a result, a portion of the accrued interest on
negatively amortizing Mortgage Loans may be added to the principal balance
thereof and will bear interest at the applicable Mortgage Rate. The addition
of any such deferred interest to the principal balance of any related class or
classes of Securities will lengthen the weighted average life thereof and may
adversely affect yield to holders thereof, depending upon the price at which
such Securities were purchased. In addition, with respect to certain ARM Loans
subject to negative amortization, during a period of declining interest rates,
it might be expected that each minimum scheduled monthly payment on such a
Mortgage Loan would exceed the amount of scheduled principal and accrued
interest on the principal balance thereof, and since such excess will be
applied to reduce the principal balance of the related class or classes of
Securities, the weighted average life of such Securities will be reduced and
may adversely affect yield to holders thereof, depending upon the price at
which such Securities were purchased.
As may be described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the related
Agreement may provide that all or a portion of the principal collected on or
with respect to the related Mortgage Loans may be applied by the related
Trustee to the acquisition of additional Mortgage Loans during a specified
period (rather than used to fund payments of principal to Securityholders
during such period) with the result that the related securities possess an
interest-only period, also commonly referred to as a revolving period, which
will be followed by an amortization period. Any such interest-only or
revolving period may, upon the occurrence of certain events to be described in
the related Prospectus Supplement, terminate prior to the end of the specified
period and result in the earlier than expected amortization of the related
Securities.
In addition, and as may be described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
the related Agreement may provide that all or a portion of such collected
principal may be retained by the Trustee (and held in certain temporary
investments, including Mortgage Loans) for a specified period prior to being
used to fund payments of principal to Securityholders.
The result of such retention and temporary investment by the Trustee of such
principal would be to slow the amortization rate of the related Securities
relative to the amortization rate of the related Mortgage Loans, or to attempt
to match the amortization rate of the related Securities to an amortization
schedule established at the time such Securities are issued. Any such feature
applicable to any Securities may terminate upon the occurrence of events to be
described in the related Prospectus Supplement, resulting in the current
funding of principal payments to the related Securityholders and an
acceleration of the amortization of such Securities.
Termination
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a series of Securities
may be subject to optional early termination through the repurchase of the
Assets in the related Trust Fund by the party specified therein, on any date
on which the aggregate Security Balance of the Securities of such series
declines to a percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
(generally not to exceed 10%) of the Initial Security Balance, under the
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circumstances and in the manner set forth therein. In addition, if so provided
in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain classes of Securities may be
purchased or redeemed in the manner set forth therein. See "Description of the
Securities--Termination."
Defaults
The rate of defaults on the Assets will also affect the rate, timing and
amount of principal payments on the Assets and thus the yield on the
Securities. In general, defaults on mortgage loans or contracts are expected
to occur with greater frequency in their early years. The rate of default on
Mortgage Loans which are refinance or limited documentation mortgage loans,
and on Mortgage Loans with high Loan-to-Value Ratios, may be higher than for
other types of Mortgage Loans. Furthermore, the rate and timing of
prepayments, defaults and liquidations on the Mortgage Loans and Contracts
will be affected by the general economic condition of the region of the
country in which the related Mortgage Properties or Manufactured Homes are
located. The risk of delinquencies and loss is greater and prepayments are
less likely in regions where a weak or deteriorating economy exists, as may be
evidenced by, among other factors, increasing unemployment or falling property
values.
Foreclosures
The number of foreclosures or repossessions and the principal amount of the
Mortgage Loans or Contracts comprising or underlying the Assets that are
foreclosed or repossessed in relation to the number and principal amount of
Mortgage Loans or Contracts that are repaid in accordance with their terms
will affect the weighted average life of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts
comprising or underlying the Assets and that of the related series of
Securities.
Refinancing
At the request of a mortgagor, the Servicer may allow the refinancing of a
Mortgage Loan or Contract in any Trust Fund by accepting prepayments thereon
and permitting a new loan secured by a mortgage on the same property. In the
event of such a refinancing, the new loan would not be included in the related
Trust Fund and, therefore, such refinancing would have the same effect as a
prepayment in full of the related Mortgage Loan or Contract. A Servicer may,
from time to time, implement programs designed to encourage refinancing. Such
programs may include, without limitation, modifications of existing loans,
general or targeted solicitations, the offering of pre-approved applications,
reduced origination fees or closing costs, or other financial incentives. In
addition, Servicers may encourage the refinancing of Mortgage Loans or
Contracts, including defaulted Mortgage Loans or Contracts, that would permit
creditworthy borrowers to assume the outstanding indebtedness of such Mortgage
Loans or Contracts.
Due-on-Sale Clauses
Acceleration of mortgage payments as a result of certain transfers of
underlying Mortgaged Property is another factor affecting prepayment rates
that may not be reflected in the prepayment standards or models used in the
relevant Prospectus Supplement. A number of the Mortgage Loans comprising or
underlying the Assets, other than FHA Loans and VA Loans, may include "DUE-ON-
SALE CLAUSES" that allow the holder of the Mortgage Loans to demand payment in
full of the remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loans upon sale,
transfer or conveyance of the related Mortgaged Property.
With respect to any Mortgage Loans, except as set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer will generally enforce any due-on-sale
clause to the extent it has
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knowledge of the conveyance or proposed conveyance of the underlying Mortgaged
Property and it is entitled to do so under applicable law; provided, however,
that the Servicer will not take any action in relation to the enforcement of
any due-on-sale provision which would adversely affect or jeopardize coverage
under any applicable insurance policy. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage
Loans--Due-on-Sale Clauses" and "Description of the Agreements--Material Terms
of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements Underlying Servicing Agreements--Due-
on-Sale Provisions." The Contracts, in general, prohibit the sale or transfer
of the related Manufactured Homes without the consent of the Servicer and
permit the acceleration of the maturity of the Contracts by the Servicer upon
any such sale or transfer that is not consented to. It is expected that the
Servicer will permit most transfers of Manufactured Homes and not accelerate
the maturity of the related Contracts. In certain cases, the transfer may be
made by a delinquent obligor in order to avoid a repossession of the
Manufactured Home. In the case of a transfer of a Manufactured Home after
which the Servicer desires to accelerate the maturity of the related Contract,
the Servicer's ability to do so will depend on the enforceability under state
law of the "due-on-sale clause". See "Certain Legal Aspects of the Contracts--
Transfers of Manufactured Homes; Enforceability of Due-on-Sale Clauses."
THE DEPOSITOR
ACE Securities Corp., the Depositor, is a special purpose corporation
incorporated in the State of Delaware on June 3, 1998. The principal executive
offices of the Depositor are located at 6707 Fairview Road, Suite D,
Charlotte, North Carolina 28210. Its telephone number is (704) 365-0569. The
Depositor does not have, nor is it expected in the future to have, any
significant assets.
The limited purposes of the Depositor are, in general, to acquire, own and
sell mortgage loans and financial assets; to issue, acquire, own, hold and
sell securities and notes secured by or representing ownership interests in
Mortgage Loans and other financial assets, collections thereon and related
assets; and to engage in any acts which are incidental to, or necessary,
suitable or convenient to accomplish, the foregoing.
All of the shares of capital stock of the Depositor are held by Altamont
Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES
GENERAL
The Certificates of each series (including any class of Certificates not
offered hereby) will represent the entire beneficial ownership interest in the
Trust Fund created pursuant to the related Agreement. If a series of
Securities includes Notes, such Notes will represent indebtedness of the
related Trust Fund and will be issued and secured pursuant to an Indenture.
Each series of Securities will consist of one or more classes of Securities
that may (i) provide for the accrual of interest thereon based on fixed,
variable or adjustable rates; (ii) be senior (collectively, "SENIOR
SECURITIES") or subordinate (collectively, "SUBORDINATE SECURITIES") to one or
more other classes of Securities in respect of certain distributions on the
Securities; (iii) be entitled either to (A) principal distributions, with
disproportionately low, nominal or no interest distributions or (B) interest
distributions, with disproportionately low, nominal or no principal
distributions (collectively, "STRIP SECURITIES"); (iv) provide for
distributions of accrued interest
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thereon commencing only following the occurrence of certain events, such as
the retirement of one or more other classes of Securities of such series
(collectively, "ACCRUAL SECURITIES"); (v) provide for payments of principal as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement, from all or only a portion of
the Assets in such Trust Fund, to the extent of available funds, in each case
as described in the related Prospectus Supplement; and/or (vi) provide for
distributions based on a combination of two or more components thereof with
one or more of the characteristics described in this paragraph including a
Strip Security component. If so specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, distributions on one or more classes of a series of Securities may
be limited to collections from a designated portion of the Assets in the
related Trust Fund (each such portion of Assets, an "ASSET GROUP"). Any such
classes may include classes of Offered Securities.
Each class of Offered Securities of a series will be issued in minimum
denominations corresponding to the Security Balances or, in the case of
certain classes of Strip Securities, notional amounts or percentage interests
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The transfer of any Offered
Securities may be registered and such Securities may be exchanged without the
payment of any service charge payable in connection with such registration of
transfer or exchange, but the Depositor or the Trustee or any agent thereof
may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge. One or more classes of Securities of a series may be issued as
Definitive Securities or in book-entry form ("BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES"), as
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Risk Factors--Owners of
Book-Entry Securities Not Entitled to Exercise Rights of Holders of
Securities" and "Description of the Securities--Book-Entry Registration and
Definitive Securities." Definitive Securities will be exchangeable for other
Securities of the same class and series of a like aggregate Security Balance,
notional amount or percentage interest but of different authorized
denominations. See "Risk Factors--Limited Liquidity for Securities" and "--
Limited Assets for Payment of Securities."
DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions on the Securities of each series will be made by or on behalf
of the Trustee on each Distribution Date as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement from the Available Distribution Amount for such series
and such Distribution Date. Distributions (other than the final distribution)
will be made to the persons in whose names the Securities are registered at
the close of business on, unless a different date is specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the last business day of the month preceding the month
in which the Distribution Date occurs (the "RECORD DATE"), and the amount of
each distribution will be determined as of the close of business on the date
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (the "DETERMINATION DATE"). All
distributions with respect to each class of Securities on each Distribution
Date will be allocated pro rata among the outstanding Securityholders in such
class or by random selection or as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Payments will be made either by wire transfer in immediately
available funds to the account of a Securityholder at a bank or other entity
having appropriate facilities therefor, if such Securityholder has so notified
the Trustee or other person required to make such payments no later than the
date specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (and, if so provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, holds Securities in the requisite amount
specified therein), or by check mailed to the address of the person entitled
thereto as it appears on the Security Register; provided, however, that the
final distribution in retirement of the Securities will be made only upon
presentation and surrender of the Securities at the location specified in the
notice to Securityholders of such final distribution.
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AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT
All distributions on the Securities of each series on each Distribution Date
will be made from the Available Distribution Amount described below, in
accordance with the terms described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Generally, the "AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT" for each Distribution Date
equals the sum of the following amounts:
(i) the total amount of all cash on deposit in the related Collection
Account as of the corresponding Determination Date, exclusive of:
(a) all scheduled payments of principal and interest collected but
due on a date subsequent to the related Due Period (unless a different
period is specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a "DUE
PERIOD " with respect to any Distribution Date will commence on the
second day of the month in which the immediately preceding Distribution
Date occurs, or the day after the Cut-off Date in the case of the first
Due Period, and will end on the first day of the month of the related
Distribution Date),
(b) all prepayments, together with related payments of the interest
thereon and related Prepayment Premiums, all proceeds of any FHA
insurance, VA Guaranty Policy or insurance policies to be maintained in
respect of each Asset (to the extent such proceeds are not applied to
the restoration of the Asset or released in accordance with the normal
servicing procedures of a Servicer, subject to the terms and conditions
applicable to the related Asset) (collectively, "INSURANCE PROCEEDS" ),
all other amounts received and retained in connection with the
liquidation of Assets in default in the Trust Fund ("LIQUIDATION
PROCEEDS" ), and other unscheduled recoveries received subsequent to
the related Due Period,
(c) all amounts in the Collection Account that are due or
reimbursable to the Depositor, the Trustee, an Asset Seller, a
Servicer, the Master Servicer or any other entity as specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement or that are payable in respect of certain
expenses of the related Trust Fund, and
(d) all amounts received for a repurchase of an Asset from the Trust
Fund for defective documentation or a breach of representation or
warranty received subsequent to the related Due Period;
(ii) if the related Prospectus Supplement so provides, interest or
investment income on amounts on deposit in the Collection Account,
including any net amounts paid under any Cash Flow Agreements;
(iii) all advances made by a Servicer or the Master Servicer or any other
entity as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement with respect to
such Distribution Date;
(iv) if and to the extent the related Prospectus Supplement so provides,
amounts paid by a Servicer or any other entity as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement with respect to interest shortfalls resulting from
prepayments during the related Prepayment Period; and
(v) to the extent not on deposit in the related Collection Account as of
the corresponding Determination Date, any amounts collected under, from or
in respect of any Credit Support with respect to such Distribution Date.
As described below, the entire Available Distribution Amount will be
distributed among the related Securities (including any Securities not offered
hereby) on each Distribution Date, and accordingly will be released from the
Trust Fund and will not be available for any future distributions.
The related Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will describe
any variation in the calculation of the Available Distribution Amount for such
series.
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DISTRIBUTIONS OF INTEREST ON THE SECURITIES
Each class of Securities (other than classes of Strip Securities that have
no Pass-Through Rate or interest rate) may have a different Pass-Through Rate
or interest rate, which will be a fixed, variable or adjustable rate at which
interest will accrue on such class or a component thereof (the "PASS-THROUGH
RATE" in the case of Certificates). The related Prospectus Supplement will
specify the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate for each class or component or,
in the case of a variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate,
the method for determining the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate. Interest on
the Securities will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of
twelve 30-day months unless the related Prospectus Supplement specifies a
different basis.
Distributions of interest in respect of the Securities of any class will be
made on each Distribution Date (other than any class of Accrual Securities,
which will be entitled to distributions of accrued interest commencing only on
the Distribution Date, or under the circumstances, specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, and any class of Strip Securities that are not entitled
to any distributions of interest) based on the Accrued Security Interest for
such class and such Distribution Date, subject to the sufficiency of the
portion of the Available Distribution Amount allocable to such class on such
Distribution Date. Prior to the time interest is distributable on any class of
Accrual Securities, the amount of Accrued Security Interest otherwise
distributable on such class will be added to the Security Balance thereof on
each Distribution Date. With respect to each class of Securities and each
Distribution Date (other than certain classes of Strip Securities), "ACCRUED
SECURITY INTEREST" will be equal to interest accrued during the related
Interest Accrual Period on the outstanding Security Balance thereof
immediately prior to the Distribution Date, at the applicable Pass-Through
Rate or interest rate, reduced as described below. Accrued Security Interest
on certain classes of Strip Securities will be equal to interest accrued
during the related Interest Accrual Period on the outstanding notional amount
thereof immediately prior to each Distribution Date, at the applicable Pass-
Through Rate or interest rate, reduced as described below, or interest accrual
in the manner described in the related Prospectus Supplement. The method of
determining the notional amount for a certain class of Strip Securities will
be described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Reference to notional
amount is solely for convenience in certain calculations and does not
represent the right to receive any distributions of principal. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Accrued Security
Interest on a series of Securities will be reduced in the event of prepayment
interest shortfalls, which are shortfalls in collections of interest for a
full accrual period resulting from prepayments prior to the due date in such
accrual period on the Mortgage Loans or Contracts comprising or underlying the
Assets in the Trust Fund for such series. The particular manner in which such
shortfalls are to be allocated among some or all of the classes of Securities
of that series will be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The
related Prospectus Supplement will also describe the extent to which the
amount of Accrued Certificate Interest that is otherwise distributable on (or,
in the case of Accrual Securities, that may otherwise be added to the Security
Balance of) a class of Offered Securities may be reduced as a result of any
other contingencies, including delinquencies, losses and deferred interest on
or in respect of the Mortgage Loans or Contracts comprising or underlying the
Assets in the related Trust Fund. Unless otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, any reduction in the amount of Accrued Security
Interest otherwise distributable on a class of Securities by reason of the
allocation to such class of a portion of any deferred interest on the Mortgage
Loans or Contracts comprising or underlying the Assets in the related Trust
Fund will result in a corresponding increase in the Security Balance of such
class. See "Risk Factors--Rate of Prepayments on Assets May Adversely Affect
Average Lives and Yields of Securities" and "--Priority of Payment of
Securities May Adversely Affect Average Lives and Yields of Securities," and
"Yield Considerations."
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DISTRIBUTIONS OF PRINCIPAL OF THE SECURITIES
The Securities of each series, other than certain classes of Strip
Securities, will have a "SECURITY BALANCE" which, at any time, will equal the
then maximum amount that the holder will be entitled to receive in respect of
principal out of the future cash flow on the Assets and other assets included
in the related Trust Fund. The outstanding Security Balance of a Security will
be reduced to the extent of distributions of principal thereon from time to
time and, if and to the extent so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, by the amount of losses incurred in respect of the related Assets,
may be increased in respect of deferred interest on the related Mortgage Loans
to the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement and, in the case
of Accrual Securities prior to the Distribution Date on which distributions of
interest are required to commence, will be increased by any related Accrued
Security Interest. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
initial aggregate Security Balance of all classes of Securities of a series
will be greater than the outstanding aggregate principal balance of the
related Assets as of the applicable Cut-off Date. The initial aggregate
Security Balance of a series and each class thereof will be specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Distributions of principal will be made on each
Distribution Date to the class or classes of Securities in the amounts and in
accordance with the priorities specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certain classes of Strip Securities with no Security Balance are not entitled
to any distributions of principal.
COMPONENTS
To the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, distribution
on a class of Securities may be based on a combination of two or more
different components as described under "--General" above. To such extent, the
descriptions set forth under "--Distributions of Interest on the Securities"
and "--Distributions of Principal of the Securities" above also relate to
components of such a class of Securities. In such case, reference in such
sections to Security Balance and Pass-Through Rate or interest rate refer to
the principal balance, if any, of any such component and the Pass-Through Rate
or interest rate, if any, on any such component, respectively.
DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE SECURITIES OF PREPAYMENT PREMIUMS
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, Prepayment Premiums
that are collected on the Mortgage Loans in the related Trust Fund will be
distributed on each Distribution Date to the class or classes of Securities
entitled thereto in accordance with the provisions described in such
Prospectus Supplement.
ALLOCATION OF LOSSES AND SHORTFALLS
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities
consisting of one or more classes of Subordinate Securities, on any
Distribution Date in respect of which losses or shortfalls in collections on
the Assets have been incurred, the amount of such losses or shortfalls will be
borne first by a class of Subordinate Securities in the priority and manner
and subject to the limitations specified in such Prospectus Supplement. See
"Description of Credit Support" for a description of the types of protection
that may be included in a Trust Fund against losses and shortfalls on Assets
comprising such Trust Fund. The Prospectus Supplement for a series of
Securities will describe the entitlement, if any, of a class of Securities
whose Security Balance has been reduced to zero as a result of distributions
or the allocation of losses on the related Assets to recover any losses
previously allocated to such class from amounts received on the Assets.
However, if the Security Balance of a class of Securities has been reduced to
zero as the result of principal distributions, the allocation of losses on the
Assets, an optional termination or an optional purchase or redemption, such
class will no longer be entitled to receive principal distributions from
amounts received on the assets of the related Trust Fund, including
distributions in respect of principal losses previously allocated to such
class.
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ADVANCES IN RESPECT OF DELINQUENCIES
With respect to any series of Securities evidencing an interest in a Trust
Fund, if so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer or
another entity described therein will be required as part of its servicing
responsibilities to advance on or before each Distribution Date its own funds
or funds held in the related Collection Account that are not included in the
Available Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, in an amount equal
to the aggregate of payments of principal (other than any balloon payments)
and interest (net of related servicing fees and Retained Interest) that were
due on the Assets in such Trust Fund during the related Due Period and were
delinquent on the related Determination Date, subject to the Servicer's (or
another entity's) good faith determination that such advances will be
reimbursable from Related Proceeds (as defined below). In the case of a series
of Securities that includes one or more classes of Subordinate Securities and
if so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer's (or
another entity's) advance obligation may be limited only to the portion of
such delinquencies necessary to make the required distributions on one or more
classes of Senior Securities and/or may be subject to the Servicer's (or
another entity's) good faith determination that such advances will be
reimbursable not only from Related Proceeds but also from collections on other
Assets otherwise distributable on one or more classes of such Subordinate
Securities. See "Description of Credit Support."
Advances are intended to maintain a regular flow of scheduled interest and
principal payments to holders of the class or classes of Securities entitled
thereto, rather than to guarantee or insure against losses. Advances of the
Servicer's (or another entity's) funds will be reimbursable only out of
related recoveries on the Assets (including amounts received under any form of
Credit Support) respecting which such advances were made (as to any Assets,
"RELATED PROCEEDS") and from any other amounts specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, including out of any amounts otherwise distributable on
one or more classes of Subordinate Securities of such series; provided,
however, that any such advance will be reimbursable from any amounts in the
related Collection Account prior to any distributions being made on the
Securities to the extent that the Servicer (or such other entity) shall
determine in good faith that such advance (a "NONRECOVERABLE ADVANCE") is not
ultimately recoverable from Related Proceeds or, if applicable, from
collections on other Assets otherwise distributable on such Subordinate
Securities. If advances have been made by the Servicer from excess funds in
the related Collection Account, the Servicer is required to replace such funds
in such Collection Account on any future Distribution Date to the extent that
funds in such Collection Account on such Distribution Date are less than
payments required to be made to Securityholders on such date. If so specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the obligations of the Servicer (or
another entity) to make advances may be secured by a cash advance reserve
fund, a surety bond, a letter of credit or another form of limited guaranty.
If applicable, information regarding the characteristics of, and the identity
of any obligor on, any such surety bond, will be set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
If and to the extent so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer (or another entity) will be entitled to receive interest at the rate
specified therein on its outstanding advances and will be entitled to pay
itself such interest periodically from general collections on the Assets prior
to any payment to Securityholders or as otherwise provided in the related
Agreement and described in such Prospectus Supplement.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer or
the Trustee will be required to make advances, subject to certain conditions
described in the Prospectus Supplement, in the event of a Servicer default.
REPORTS TO SECURITYHOLDERS
With each distribution to holders of any class of Securities of a series,
the Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Trustee, as provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, will forward or cause to be forwarded to each such
holder, to the Depositor and to such other parties as may
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be specified in the related Agreement, a statement generally setting forth, in
each case to the extent applicable and available:
(i) the amount of such distribution to holders of Securities of such
class applied to reduce the Security Balance thereof;
(ii) the amount of such distribution to holders of Securities of such
class allocable to Accrued Security Interest;
(iii) the amount of such distribution allocable to Prepayment Premiums;
(iv) the amount of related servicing compensation and such other
customary information as is required to enable Securityholders to prepare
their tax returns;
(v) the aggregate amount of advances included in such distribution, and
the aggregate amount of unreimbursed advances at the close of business on
such Distribution Date;
(vi) the aggregate principal balance of the Assets at the close of
business on such Distribution Date;
(vii) the number and aggregate principal balance of Mortgage Loans or
Contracts in respect of which (a) one scheduled payment is delinquent, (b)
two scheduled payments are delinquent, (c) three or more scheduled payments
are delinquent and (d) foreclosure proceedings have been commenced;
(viii) with respect to any Mortgage Loan or Contract liquidated during
the related Due Period, (a) the portion of such liquidation proceeds
payable or reimbursable to a Servicer (or any other entity) in respect of
such Mortgage Loan and (b) the amount of any loss to Securityholders;
(ix) with respect to collateral acquired by the Trust Fund through
foreclosure or otherwise (an "REO PROPERTY" ) relating to a Mortgage Loan
or Contract and included in the Trust Fund as of the end of the related Due
Period, the date of acquisition;
(x) with respect to each REO Property relating to a Mortgage Loan or
Contract and included in the Trust Fund as of the end of the related Due
Period, (a) the book value, (b) the principal balance of the related
Mortgage Loan or Contract immediately following such Distribution Date
(calculated as if such Mortgage Loan or Contract were still outstanding
taking into account certain limited modifications to the terms thereof
specified in the Agreement), (c) the aggregate amount of unreimbursed
servicing expenses and unreimbursed advances in respect thereof and (d) if
applicable, the aggregate amount of interest accrued and payable on related
servicing expenses and related advances;
(xi) with respect to any such REO Property sold during the related Due
Period (a) the aggregate amount of sale proceeds, (b) the portion of such
sales proceeds payable or reimbursable to the Master Servicer in respect of
such REO Property or the related Mortgage Loan or Contract and (c) the
amount of any loss to Securityholders in respect of the related Mortgage
Loan;
(xii) the aggregate Security Balance or notional amount, as the case may
be, of each class of Securities (including any class of Securities not
offered hereby) at the close of business on such Distribution Date,
separately identifying any reduction in such Security Balance due to the
allocation of any loss and increase in the Security Balance of a class of
Accrual Securities in the event that Accrued Security Interest has been
added to such balance;
(xiii) the aggregate amount of principal prepayments made during the
related Due Period;
(xiv) the amount deposited in the reserve fund, if any, on such
Distribution Date;
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(xv) the amount remaining in the reserve fund, if any, as of the close of
business on such Distribution Date;
(xvi) the aggregate unpaid Accrued Security Interest, if any, on each
class of Securities at the close of business on such Distribution Date;
(xvii) in the case of Securities with a variable Pass-Through Rate or
interest rate, the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate applicable to such
Distribution Date, and, if available, the immediately succeeding
Distribution Date, as calculated in accordance with the method specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement;
(xviii) in the case of Securities with an adjustable Pass-Through Rate or
interest rate, for statements to be distributed in any month in which an
adjustment date occurs, the adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate
applicable to such Distribution Date, if available, and the immediately
succeeding Distribution Date as calculated in accordance with the method
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement;
(xix) as to any series which includes Credit Support, the amount of
coverage of each instrument of Credit Support included therein as of the
close of business on such Distribution Date;
(xx) during the Pre-Funding Period, the remaining Pre-Funded Amount and
the portion of the Pre-Funding Amount used to acquire Subsequent Mortgage
Loans since the preceding Distribution Date;
(xxi) during the Pre-Funding Period, the amount remaining in the
Capitalized Interest Account; and
(xxii) the aggregate amount of payments by the obligors of (a) default
interest, (b) late charges and (c) assumption and modification fees
collected during the related Due Period.
Within a reasonable period of time after the end of each calendar year, the
Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Trustee, as provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, shall furnish to each Securityholder of record at any
time during the calendar year such information required by the Code and
applicable regulations thereunder to enable Securityholders to prepare their
tax returns. See "Description of the Securities--Book-Entry Registration and
Definitive Securities."
TERMINATION
The obligations created by the related Agreement for each series of
Securities will terminate upon the payment to Securityholders of that series
of all amounts held in the Collection Accounts or by a Servicer, the Master
Servicer, if any, or the Trustee and required to be paid to them pursuant to
such Agreement following the earlier of (i) the final payment or other
liquidation of the last Asset subject thereto or the disposition of all
property acquired upon foreclosure of any Mortgage Loan or Contract subject
thereto and (ii) the purchase of all of the assets of the Trust Fund by the
party entitled to effect such termination, under the circumstances and in the
manner set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. In no event, however,
will the Trust Fund continue beyond the date specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Written notice of termination of the Agreement will be
given to each Securityholder, and the final distribution will be made only
upon presentation and surrender of the Securities at the location to be
specified in the notice of termination.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a series of Securities
may be subject to optional early termination through the repurchase of the
Assets in the related Trust Fund by the party specified therein, under the
circumstances and in the manner set forth therein. If so provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, upon the reduction of the Security Balance of a
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specified class or classes of Securities by a specified percentage, the party
specified therein will solicit bids for the purchase of all assets of the
Trust Fund, or of a sufficient portion of such assets to retire such class or
classes or purchase such class or classes at a price set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement, in each case, under the circumstances and in the manner
set forth therein. Such price will at least equal the outstanding Security
Balances and any accrued and unpaid interest thereon (including any unpaid
interest shortfalls for prior Distribution Dates). Any sale of the Assets of
the Trust Fund will be without recourse to the Trust Fund or the
Securityholders. Any such purchase or solicitation of bids may be made only
when the aggregate Security Balance of such class or classes declines to a
percentage of the Initial Security Balance of such Securities (not to exceed
10%) specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. In addition, if so
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain classes of Securities
may be purchased or redeemed in the manner set forth therein at a price at
least equal to the outstanding Security Balance of each class so purchased or
redeemed and any accrued and unpaid interest thereon (including any unpaid
interest shortfalls for prior Distribution Dates).
OPTIONAL PURCHASES
Subject to the provisions of the applicable Agreement, the Depositor, the
Servicer or such other party specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
may, at such party's option, repurchase any Mortgage Loan which is in default
or as to which default is reasonably foreseeable if, in the Depositor's, the
Servicer's or such other party's judgment, the related default is not likely
to be cured by the borrower or default is not likely to be averted, at a price
equal to the unpaid principal balance thereof plus accrued interest thereon
and under the conditions set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
BOOK-ENTRY REGISTRATION AND DEFINITIVE SECURITIES
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, one or more classes of
the Offered Securities of any series will be issued as Book-Entry Securities,
and each such class will be represented by one or more single Securities
registered in the name of a nominee for the depository, The Depository Trust
Company ("DTC" ).
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State
of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation"
within the meaning of the Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") and a "clearing
agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. DTC was created to hold securities for its
participating organizations ("PARTICIPANTS") and facilitate the clearance and
settlement of securities transactions between Participants through electronic
book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the need for
physical movement of certificates. Participants include securities brokers and
dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations and may include
certain other organizations. Indirect access to the DTC system also is
available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that
clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Participant, either
directly or indirectly ("INDIRECT PARTICIPANTS").
Investors that are not Participants or Indirect Participants but desire to
purchase, sell or otherwise transfer ownership of, or other interests in,
Book-Entry Securities may do so only through Participants and Indirect
Participants or in such other manner as is provided for in the related
Prospectus Supplement. In addition, such investors ("SECURITY OWNERS") will
receive all distributions on the Book-Entry Securities through DTC and its
Participants. Under a book-entry format, Security Owners will receive payments
after the related Distribution Date because, while payments are required to be
forwarded to Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC ("CEDE"), on each such date, DTC
will forward such payments to its Participants which thereafter will be
required to forward them to Indirect Participants or Security Owners. The only
"Securityholder" (as such term is used in the Agreement or Indenture, as
applicable) will be Cede, as nominee of DTC or
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such other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, and the
Security Owners will not be recognized by the Trustee as Securityholders under
the Agreement or Indenture, as applicable. Security Owners will be permitted
to exercise the rights of Securityholders under the related Agreement or
Indenture, as applicable, only indirectly through the Participants who in turn
will exercise their rights through DTC.
Under the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and
its operations, DTC is required to make book-entry transfers among
Participants on whose behalf it acts with respect to the Book-Entry Securities
and is required to receive and transmit distributions of principal of and
interest on the Book-Entry Securities. Participants and Indirect Participants
with which Security Owners have accounts with respect to the Book-Entry
Securities similarly are required to make book-entry transfers and receive and
transmit such payments on behalf of their respective Security Owners.
Because DTC can act only on behalf of Participants, who in turn act on
behalf of Indirect Participants and certain banks, the ability of a Security
Owner to pledge its interest in the Book-Entry Securities to persons or
entities that do not participate in the DTC system, or otherwise take actions
in respect of its interest in the Book-Entry Securities, may be limited due to
the lack of a physical certificate evidencing such interest.
DTC has advised the Depositor that it will take any action permitted to be
taken by a Securityholder under an Agreement only at the direction of one or
more Participants to whose account with DTC interests in the Book-Entry
Securities are credited.
Securities initially issued in book-entry form will be issued as Definitive
Securities to Security Owners or their nominees, rather than to DTC or its
nominee only (i) if the Depositor advises the Trustee in writing that DTC is
no longer willing or able to properly discharge its responsibilities as
depository with respect to the Securities and the Depositor is unable to
locate a qualified successor, (ii) if the Depositor, at its option, elects to
terminate the book-entry system through DTC or (iii) in accordance with such
other provisions described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Upon the occurrence of either of the events described in the immediately
preceding paragraph, DTC is required to notify all Participants of the
availability through DTC of Definitive Securities for the Security Owners.
Upon surrender by DTC of the certificate or certificates representing the
Book-Entry Securities, together with instructions for registration, the
Trustee will issue (or cause to be issued) to the Security Owners identified
in such instructions the Definitive Securities to which they are entitled, and
thereafter the Trustee will recognize the holders of such Definitive
Securities as Securityholders under the Agreement.
None of the Depositor, any Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Trustee, or
any of their affiliates will have any responsibility for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of the Book-Entry Securities or for maintaining, supervising or
reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
DESCRIPTION OF THE AGREEMENTS
AGREEMENTS APPLICABLE TO A SERIES
REMIC Securities, Grantor Trust Securities
Securities representing interests in a Trust Fund, or a portion thereof,
that the Trustee will elect to have treated as a real estate mortgage
investment conduit under Sections 860A through
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860G of the Code ("REMIC SECURITIES" ), or Grantor Trust Securities will be
issued, and the related Trust Fund will be created, pursuant to a pooling and
servicing agreement or trust agreement (each, a "POOLING AND SERVICING
AGREEMENT" ) among the Depositor, the Trustee and the sole Servicer or Master
Servicer, as applicable. The Assets of such Trust Fund will be transferred to
the Trust Fund and thereafter serviced in accordance with the terms of the
Pooling and Servicing Agreement. In the event there are multiple Servicers of
the Assets of such Trust Fund, or in the event the Securities consist of
Notes, each Servicer will perform such servicing functions pursuant to a
related servicing agreement (each, an "UNDERLYING SERVICING AGREEMENT" ).
Securities That Are Partnership Interests for Tax Purposes and Notes
Securities that are partnership interests for tax purposes will be issued,
and the related Trust Fund will be created, pursuant to a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement.
A series of Notes issued by a Trust Fund will be issued pursuant to an
indenture (the "INDENTURE" ) between the related Trust Fund and an indenture
trustee (the "INDENTURE TRUSTEE" ) named in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The Trust Fund will be established pursuant to a deposit trust agreement
(each, a "DEPOSIT TRUST AGREEMENT" ) between the Depositor and an owner
trustee specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such series of
Notes. The Assets securing payment on the Notes will be serviced in accordance
with an Underlying Servicing Agreement.
MATERIAL TERMS OF THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENTS AND UNDERLYING
SERVICING AGREEMENTS
General
The following summaries describe the material provisions that may appear in
each Pooling and Servicing Agreement and Underlying Servicing Agreement (each
an "AGREEMENT" ). The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will
describe any provision of the Agreement relating to such series that
materially differs from the description thereof contained in this Prospectus.
The summaries do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are
qualified by reference to, all of the provisions of the Agreement for each
Trust Fund and the description of such provisions in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The provisions of each Agreement will vary depending upon the
nature of the Securities to be issued thereunder and the nature of the related
Trust Fund. As used herein with respect to any series, the term "SECURITY"
refers to all of the Securities of that series, whether or not offered hereby
and by the related Prospectus Supplement, unless the context otherwise
requires. A form of a Pooling and Servicing Agreement has been filed as an
exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part. The
Depositor will provide a copy of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement (without
exhibits) relating to any series of Securities without charge upon written
request of a Securityholder of such series addressed to ACE Securities Corp.,
6707 Fairview Road, Suite D, Charlotte, North Carolina 28210, Attention:
Elizabeth S. Eldridge.
The Servicers, any Master Servicer and the Trustee with respect to any
series of Securities will be named in the related Prospectus Supplement. In
the event there are multiple Servicers for the Assets in a Trust Fund, a
Master Servicer will perform certain administration, calculation and reporting
functions with respect to such Trust Fund and will supervise the related
Servicers pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement. With respect to
series involving a Master Servicer, references in this Prospectus to the
Servicer will apply to the Master Servicer where non-servicing obligations are
described. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
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manager or administrator may be appointed pursuant to the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement for any Trust Fund to administer such Trust Fund.
Assignment of Assets; Repurchases
At the time of issuance of any series of Securities, the Depositor will
assign (or cause to be assigned) to the designated Trustee the Assets to be
included in the related Trust Fund, together with all principal and interest
to be received on or with respect to such Assets after the Cut-off Date, other
than principal and interest due on or before the Cut-off Date and other than
any Retained Interest. The Trustee will, concurrently with such assignment,
deliver the Securities to the Depositor in exchange for the Assets and the
other assets comprising the Trust Fund for such series. Each Asset will be
identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the related Agreement.
Such schedule will include detailed information to the extent available and
relevant (i) in respect of each Mortgage Loan included in the related Trust
Fund, including without limitation, the city and state of the related
Mortgaged Property and type of such property, the Mortgage Rate and, if
applicable, the applicable index, margin, adjustment date and any rate cap
information, the original and remaining term to maturity, the original and
outstanding principal balance and balloon payment, if any, the Loan-to-Value
Ratio as of the date indicated and payment and prepayment provisions, if
applicable; (ii) in respect of each Contract included in the related Trust
Fund, including without limitation the outstanding principal amount and the
Contract Rate and (iii) in respect of each Mortgage Security and Agency
Security, the original and outstanding principal amount, if any, and the pass-
through rate thereon.
With respect to each Mortgage Loan, except as otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will deliver or cause to be
delivered to the Trustee (or to the custodian hereinafter referred to) certain
loan documents, which will generally include the original Mortgage Note
endorsed, without recourse, in blank or to the order of the Trustee, the
original Mortgage (or a certified copy thereof) with evidence of recording
indicated thereon and an assignment of the Mortgage to the Trustee in
recordable form. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Trust Fund may include
Mortgage Loans where the original Mortgage Note is not delivered to the
Trustee if the Depositor delivers to the Trustee or the custodian a copy or a
duplicate original of the Mortgage Note, together with an affidavit certifying
that the original thereof has been lost or destroyed. With respect to such
Mortgage Loans, the Trustee (or its nominee) may not be able to enforce the
Mortgage Note against the related borrower. The Asset Seller or other entity
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement will be required to agree to
repurchase, or substitute for, each such Mortgage Loan that is subsequently in
default if the enforcement thereof or of the related Mortgage is materially
adversely affected by the absence of the original Mortgage Note. The related
Agreement will generally require the Depositor or another party specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement to promptly cause each such assignment of
Mortgage to be recorded in the appropriate public office for real property
records, except in the State of California or in other states where, in the
opinion of counsel acceptable to the Trustee, such recording is not required
to protect the Trustee's interest in the related Mortgage Loan against the
claim of any subsequent transferee or any successor to or creditor of the
Depositor, the Servicer, the relevant Asset Seller or any other prior holder
of the Mortgage Loan.
The Trustee (or a custodian) will review such Mortgage Loan documents within
a specified period of days after receipt thereof, and the Trustee (or a
custodian) will hold such documents in trust for the benefit of the
Securityholders. If any such document is found to be missing or defective in
any material respect, the Trustee (or such custodian) shall immediately notify
the Servicer and the Depositor, and the Servicer shall immediately notify the
relevant Asset Seller or other entity specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. If the Asset Seller cannot cure
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the omission or defect within a specified number of days after receipt of such
notice, then the Asset Seller or other entity specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement will be obligated, within a specified number of days of
receipt of such notice, to repurchase the related Mortgage Loan from the
Trustee at a price equal to the sum of the unpaid principal balance thereof,
plus unpaid accrued interest at the interest rate for such Asset from the date
as to which interest was last paid to the due date in the Due Period in which
the relevant purchase is to occur, plus certain servicing expenses that are
payable to the Servicer or such other price as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement (the "PURCHASE PRICE") or substitute for such Mortgage
Loan. There can be no assurance that an Asset Seller or other named entity
will fulfill this repurchase or substitution obligation, and neither the
Servicer nor the Depositor will be obligated to repurchase or substitute for
such Mortgage Loan if the Asset Seller or other named entity defaults on its
obligation. This repurchase or substitution obligation constitutes the sole
remedy available to the Securityholders or the Trustee for omission of, or a
material defect in, a constituent document. To the extent specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, in lieu of curing any omission or defect in the
Asset or repurchasing or substituting for such Asset, the Asset Seller or
other named entity may agree to cover any losses suffered by the Trust Fund as
a result of such breach or defect.
Notwithstanding the preceding two paragraphs, the documents with respect to
Home Equity Loans, Home Improvement Contracts and Unsecured Home Improvement
Loans will be delivered to the Trustee (or a custodian) only to the extent
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Generally such documents will
be retained by the Servicer, which may also be the Asset Seller. In addition,
assignments of the related Mortgages to the Trustee will be recorded only to
the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
With respect to each Contract, the Servicer (which may also be the Asset
Seller) generally will maintain custody of the original Contract and copies of
documents and instruments related to each Contract and the security interest
in the Manufactured Home securing each Contract. In order to give notice of
the right, title and interest of the Trustee in the Contracts, the Depositor
will cause UCC-1 financing statements to be executed by the related Asset
Seller identifying the Depositor as secured party and by the Depositor
identifying the Trustee as the secured party and, in each case, identifying
all Contracts as collateral. The Contracts will be stamped or otherwise marked
to reflect their assignment from the Depositor to the Trust Fund only to the
extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Therefore, if, through
negligence, fraud or otherwise, a subsequent purchaser were able to take
physical possession of the Contracts without notice of such assignment, the
interest of the Trustee in the Contracts could be defeated. See "Certain Legal
Aspects of the Contracts."
While the Contract documents will not be reviewed by the Trustee or the
Servicer, if the Servicer finds that any such document is missing or defective
in any material respect, the Servicer will be required to immediately notify
the Depositor and the relevant Asset Seller or other entity specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. If the Asset Seller or such other entity cannot
cure the omission or defect within a specified number of days after receipt of
such notice, then the Asset Seller or such other entity will be obligated,
within a specified number of days of receipt of such notice, to repurchase the
related Contract from the Trustee at the Purchase Price or substitute for such
Contract. There can be no assurance that an Asset Seller or such other entity
will fulfill this repurchase or substitution obligation, and neither the
Servicer nor the Depositor will be obligated to repurchase or substitute for
such Contract if the Asset Seller or such other entity defaults on its
obligation. This repurchase or substitution obligation constitutes the sole
remedy available to the Securityholders or the Trustee for omission of, or a
material defect in, a constituent document. To the extent specified in the
related Prospectus
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Supplement, in lieu of curing any omission or defect in the Asset or
repurchasing or substituting for such Asset, the Asset Seller may agree to
cover any losses suffered by the Trust Fund as a result of such breach or
defect.
Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities will be registered in the name of
the Trustee or its nominee on the books of the issuer or guarantor or its
agent or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities issued only
in book-entry form, through the depository with respect thereto, in accordance
with the procedures established by the issuer or guarantor for registration of
such certificates, and distributions on such securities to which the Trust
Fund is entitled will be made directly to the Trustee.
Representations and Warranties; Repurchases
To the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement the Depositor
will, with respect to each Asset, assign certain representations and
warranties, as of a specified date (the person making such representations and
warranties, the "WARRANTING PARTY") covering, by way of example, the following
types of matters: (i) the accuracy of the information set forth for such Asset
on the schedule of Assets appearing as an exhibit to the related Agreement;
(ii) in the case of a Mortgage Loan, the existence of title insurance insuring
the lien priority of the Mortgage Loan and, in the case of a Contract, that
the Contract creates a valid first security interest in or lien on the related
Manufactured Home; (iii) the authority of the Warranting Party to sell the
Asset; (iv) the payment status of the Asset; (v) in the case of a Mortgage
Loan, the existence of customary provisions in the related Mortgage Note and
Mortgage to permit realization against the Mortgaged Property of the benefit
of the security of the Mortgage; and (vi) the existence of hazard and extended
perils insurance coverage on the Mortgaged Property or Manufactured Home.
Any Warranting Party shall be an Asset Seller or an affiliate thereof or
such other person acceptable to the Depositor and shall be identified in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Representations and warranties made in respect of an Asset may have been
made as of a date prior to the applicable Cut-off Date. A substantial period
of time may have elapsed between such date and the date of initial issuance of
the related series of Securities evidencing an interest in such Asset. In the
event of a breach of any such representation or warranty, the Warranting Party
will be obligated to reimburse the Trust Fund for losses caused by any such
breach or either cure such breach or repurchase or replace the affected Asset
as described below. Since the representations and warranties may not address
events that may occur following the date as of which they were made, the
Warranting Party will have a reimbursement, cure, repurchase or substitution
obligation in connection with a breach of such a representation and warranty
only if the relevant event that causes such breach occurs prior to such date.
Such party would have no such obligations if the relevant event that causes
such breach occurs after such date.
Each Agreement will provide that the Servicer and/or Trustee or such other
entity identified in the related Prospectus Supplement will be required to
notify promptly the relevant Warranting Party of any breach of any
representation or warranty made by it in respect of an Asset that materially
and adversely affects the value of such Asset or the interests therein of the
Securityholders. If such Warranting Party cannot cure such breach within a
specified period following the date on which such party was notified of such
breach, then such Warranting Party will be obligated to repurchase such Asset
from the Trustee within a specified period from the date on which the
Warranting Party was notified of such breach, at the Purchase Price therefor.
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series, a Warranting Party,
rather than repurchase an Asset as to which a breach has occurred, will have
the option, within a specified
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period after initial issuance of such series of Securities, to cause the
removal of such Asset from the Trust Fund and substitute in its place one or
more other Assets, as applicable, in accordance with the standards described
in the related Prospectus Supplement. If so provided in the Prospectus
Supplement for a series, a Warranting Party, rather than repurchase or
substitute an Asset as to which a breach has occurred, will have the option to
reimburse the Trust Fund or the Securityholders for any losses caused by such
breach. This reimbursement, repurchase or substitution obligation will
constitute the sole remedy available to Securityholders or the Trustee for a
breach of representation by a Warranting Party.
Neither the Depositor (except to the extent that it is the Warranting Party)
nor the Servicer will be obligated to purchase or substitute for an Asset if a
Warranting Party defaults on its obligation to do so, and no assurance can be
given that Warranting Parties will carry out such obligations with respect to
the Assets.
A Servicer will make certain representations and warranties regarding its
authority to enter into, and its ability to perform its obligations under, the
related Agreement. A breach of any such representation of the Servicer which
materially and adversely affects the interests of the Securityholders and
which continues unremedied for the number of days specified in the Agreement
after the giving of written notice of such breach to the Servicer by the
Trustee or the Depositor, or to the Servicer, the Depositor and the Trustee by
the holders of Securities evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights or
such other percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, will
constitute an Event of Default under such Agreement. See "Events of Default"
and "Rights Upon Event of Default."
Collection Account and Related Accounts
General. The Servicer and/or the Trustee will, as to each Trust Fund,
establish and maintain or cause to be established and maintained one or more
separate accounts for the collection of payments on the related Assets
(collectively, the "COLLECTION ACCOUNT"), which must be either (i) an account
or accounts the deposits in which are insured by the Bank Insurance Fund or
the Savings Association Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation ("FDIC") (to the limits established by the FDIC) and the uninsured
deposits in which are otherwise secured such that the Securityholders have a
claim with respect to the funds in the Collection Account or a perfected first
priority security interest against any collateral securing such funds that is
superior to the claims of any other depositors or general creditors of the
institution with which the Collection Account is maintained or (ii) otherwise
maintained with a bank or trust company, and in a manner, satisfactory to the
Rating Agency or Agencies rating any class of Securities of such series. The
collateral eligible to secure amounts in the Collection Account is limited to
United States government securities and other investment grade obligations
specified in the Agreement ("PERMITTED INVESTMENTS"). A Collection Account may
be maintained as an interest bearing or a non-interest bearing account and the
funds held therein may be invested pending each succeeding Distribution Date
in certain short-term Permitted Investments. Any interest or other income
earned on funds in the Collection Account will, unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, be paid to the Servicer or its designee as
additional servicing compensation. The Collection Account may be maintained
with an institution that is an affiliate of the Servicer, if applicable,
provided that such institution meets the standards imposed by the Rating
Agency or Agencies. If permitted by the Rating Agency or Agencies, a
Collection Account may contain funds relating to more than one series of
mortgage pass-through certificates and may contain other funds respecting
payments on mortgage loans belonging to the Servicer or serviced or master
serviced by it on behalf of others.
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Deposits. A Servicer or the Trustee will deposit or cause to be deposited in
the Collection Account for one or more Trust Funds on a daily basis, or such
other period provided in the related Agreement, the following payments and
collections received, or advances made, by the Servicer or the Trustee or on
its behalf subsequent to the Cut-off Date (other than payments due on or
before the Cut-off Date, and exclusive of any amounts representing a Retained
Interest):
(i) all payments on account of principal, including principal
prepayments, on the Assets;
(ii) all payments on account of interest on the Assets, including any
default interest collected, in each case net of any portion thereof
retained by a Servicer as its servicing compensation and net of any
Retained Interest;
(iii) Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds, together with the net
proceeds on a monthly basis with respect to any Assets acquired for the
benefit of Securityholders;
(iv) any amounts paid under any instrument or drawn from any fund that
constitutes Credit Support for the related series of Securities as
described under "Description of Credit Support";
(v) any advances made as described under "Description of the Securities--
Advances in Respect of Delinquencies";
(vi) any amounts paid under any Cash Flow Agreement, as described under
"Description of the Trust Funds--Cash Flow Agreements";
(vii) all proceeds of any Asset or, with respect to a Mortgage Loan,
property acquired in respect thereof purchased by the Depositor, any Asset
Seller or any other specified person as described under "Assignment of
Assets; Repurchases" and "Representations and Warranties; Repurchases," all
proceeds of any defaulted Mortgage Loan purchased as described under
"Realization Upon Defaulted Assets," and all proceeds of any Asset
purchased as described under "Description of the Securities--Termination";
(viii) any amounts paid by a Servicer to cover certain interest
shortfalls arising out of the prepayment of Assets in the Trust Fund as
described under "Description of the Agreements--Retained Interest;
Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses";
(ix) to the extent that any such item does not constitute additional
servicing compensation to a Servicer, any payments on account of
modification or assumption fees, late payment charges or Prepayment
Premiums on the Assets;
(x) all payments required to be deposited in the Collection Account with
respect to any deductible clause in any blanket insurance policy described
under "Hazard Insurance Policies";
(xi) any amount required to be deposited by a Servicer or the Trustee in
connection with losses realized on investments for the benefit of the
Servicer or the Trustee, as the case may be, of funds held in the
Collection Account; and
(xii) any other amounts required to be deposited in the Collection
Account as provided in the related Agreement and described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
Withdrawals. A Servicer or the Trustee may, from time to time, make
withdrawals from the Collection Account for each Trust Fund for any of the
following purposes:
(i) to make distributions to the Securityholders on each Distribution
Date;
(ii) to reimburse a Servicer for unreimbursed amounts advanced as
described under "Description of the Securities--Advances in Respect of
Delinquencies," such reimbursement to be made out of amounts received which
were identified and applied by the Servicer as late collections of interest
(net of related servicing fees and Retained
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Interest) on and principal of the particular Assets with respect to which
the advances were made or out of amounts drawn under any form of Credit
Support with respect to such Assets;
(iii) to reimburse a Servicer for unpaid servicing fees earned and
certain unreimbursed servicing expenses incurred with respect to Assets and
properties acquired in respect thereof, such reimbursement to be made out
of amounts that represent Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds
collected on the particular Assets and properties, and net income collected
on the particular properties, with respect to which such fees were earned
or such expenses were incurred or out of amounts drawn under any form of
Credit Support with respect to such Assets and properties;
(iv) to reimburse a Servicer for any advances described in clause (ii)
above and any servicing expenses described in clause (iii) above which, in
the Servicer's good faith judgment, will not be recoverable from the
amounts described in clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively, such
reimbursement to be made from amounts collected on other Assets or, if and
to the extent so provided by the related Agreement and described in the
related Prospectus Supplement, just from that portion of amounts collected
on other Assets that is otherwise distributable on one or more classes of
Subordinate Securities, if any, remain outstanding, and otherwise any
outstanding class of Securities, of the related series;
(v) if and to the extent described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
to pay a Servicer interest accrued on the advances described in clause (ii)
above and the servicing expenses described in clause (iii) above while such
advances and servicing expenses remain outstanding and unreimbursed;
(vi) to reimburse a Servicer, the Depositor, or any of their respective
directors, officers, employees and agents, as the case may be, for certain
expenses, costs and liabilities incurred thereby, as and to the extent
described under "Certain Matters Regarding Servicers, the Master Servicer
and the Depositor";
(vii) if and to the extent described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, to pay (or to transfer to a separate account for purposes of
escrowing for the payment of) the Trustee's fees;
(viii) to reimburse the Trustee or any of its directors, officers,
employees and agents, as the case may be, for certain expenses, costs and
liabilities incurred thereby, as and to the extent described under "Certain
Matters Regarding the Trustee";
(ix) to pay a Servicer, as additional servicing compensation, interest
and investment income earned in respect of amounts held in the Collection
Account;
(x) to pay the person entitled thereto any amounts deposited in the
Collection Account that were identified and applied by the Servicer as
recoveries of Retained Interest;
(xi) to pay for costs reasonably incurred in connection with the proper
management and maintenance of any Mortgaged Property acquired for the
benefit of Securityholders by foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure
or otherwise, such payments to be made out of income received on such
property;
(xii) if one or more elections have been made to treat the Trust Fund or
designated portions thereof as a REMIC, to pay any federal, state or local
taxes imposed on the Trust Fund or its assets or transactions, as and to
the extent described under "Federal Income Tax Consequences--REMICs--Taxes
That May Be Imposed on the REMIC Pool" or in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, respectively;
(xiii) to pay for the cost of an independent appraiser or other expert in
real estate matters retained to determine a fair sale price for a defaulted
Mortgage Loan or a property
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acquired in respect thereof in connection with the liquidation of such
Mortgage Loan or property;
(xiv) to pay for the cost of various opinions of counsel obtained
pursuant to the related Agreement for the benefit of Securityholders;
(xv) to pay for the costs of recording the related Agreement if such
recordation materially and beneficially affects the interests of
Securityholders, provided that such payment shall not constitute a waiver
with respect to the obligation of the Warranting Party to remedy any breach
of representation or warranty under the Agreement;
(xvi) to pay the person entitled thereto any amounts deposited in the
Collection Account in error, including amounts received on any Asset after
its removal from the Trust Fund whether by reason of purchase or
substitution as contemplated by "Assignment of Assets; Repurchase" and
"Representations and Warranties; Repurchases" or otherwise;
(xvii) to make any other withdrawals permitted by the related Agreement;
and
(xviii) to clear and terminate the Collection Account at the termination
of the Trust Fund.
Other Collection Accounts. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if so specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Agreement for any series of Securities
may provide for the establishment and maintenance of a separate collection
account into which the Servicer will deposit on a daily basis, or such other
period provided in the related Agreement, the amounts described under "--
Deposits" above for one or more series of Securities. Any amounts on deposit
in any such collection account will be withdrawn therefrom and deposited into
the appropriate Collection Account by a time specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, any amounts which could be withdrawn from the Collection Account
as described under "--Withdrawals" above, may also be withdrawn from any such
collection account. The Prospectus Supplement will set forth any restrictions
with respect to any such collection account, including investment restrictions
and any restrictions with respect to financial institutions with which any
such collection account may be maintained.
The Servicer will establish and maintain with the Indenture Trustee an
account, in the name of the Indenture Trustee on behalf of the holders of
Notes, into which amounts released from the Collection Account for
distribution to the holders of Notes will be deposited and from which all
distributions to the holders of Notes will be made
Collection and Other Servicing Procedures. The Servicer is required to make
reasonable efforts to collect all scheduled payments under the Assets and will
follow or cause to be followed such collection procedures as it would follow
with respect to assets that are comparable to the Assets and held for its own
account, provided such procedures are consistent with (i) the terms of the
related Agreement and any related hazard insurance policy or instrument of
Credit Support, if any, included in the related Trust Fund described herein or
under "Description of Credit Support," (ii) applicable law and (iii) the
general servicing standard specified in the related Prospectus Supplement or,
if no such standard is so specified, its normal servicing practices (in either
case, the "SERVICING STANDARD"). In connection therewith, the Servicer will be
permitted in its discretion to waive any late payment charge or penalty
interest in respect of a late payment on an Asset.
Each Servicer will also be required to perform other customary functions of
a servicer of comparable assets, including maintaining hazard insurance
policies as described herein and in any related Prospectus Supplement, and
filing and settling claims thereunder; maintaining, to
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the extent required by the Agreement, escrow or impoundment accounts of
obligors for payment of taxes, insurance and other items required to be paid
by any obligor pursuant to the terms of the Assets; processing assumptions or
substitutions in those cases where the Servicer has determined not to enforce
any applicable due-on-sale clause; attempting to cure delinquencies;
supervising foreclosures or repossessions; inspecting and managing Mortgaged
Properties or Manufactured Homes under certain circumstances; and maintaining
accounting records relating to the Assets. The Servicer or such other entity
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement will be responsible for filing
and settling claims in respect of particular Assets under any applicable
instrument of Credit Support. See "Description of Credit Support."
The Servicer may agree to modify, waive or amend any term of any Asset in a
manner consistent with the Servicing Standard so long as the modification,
waiver or amendment will not (i) affect the amount or timing of any scheduled
payments of principal or interest on the Asset or (ii) in its judgment,
materially impair the security for the Asset or reduce the likelihood of
timely payment of amounts due thereon. The Servicer also may agree to any
modification, waiver or amendment that would so affect or impair the payments
on, or the security for, an Asset if (i) in its judgment, a material default
on the Asset has occurred or a payment default is reasonably foreseeable and
(ii) in its judgment, such modification, waiver or amendment is reasonably
likely to produce a greater recovery with respect to the Asset on a present
value basis than would liquidation. The Servicer is required to notify the
Trustee in the event of any modification, waiver or amendment of any Asset.
In the case of Multifamily Loans, a mortgagor's failure to make required
Mortgage Loan payments may mean that operating income is insufficient to
service the Mortgage Loan debt, or may reflect the diversion of that income
from the servicing of the Mortgage Loan debt. In addition, a mortgagor under a
Multifamily Loan that is unable to make Mortgage Loan payments may also be
unable to make timely payment of all required taxes and otherwise to maintain
and insure the related Mortgaged Property. In general, the Servicer will be
required to monitor any Multifamily Loan that is in default, evaluate whether
the causes of the default can be corrected over a reasonable period without
significant impairment of the value of the related Mortgaged Property,
initiate corrective action in cooperation with the mortgagor if cure is
likely, inspect the related Multifamily Property and take such other actions
as are consistent with the related Agreement. A significant period of time may
elapse before the Servicer is able to assess the success of any such
corrective action or the need for additional initiatives. The time within
which the Servicer can make the initial determination of appropriate action,
evaluate the success of corrective action, develop additional initiatives,
institute foreclosure proceedings and actually foreclose may vary considerably
depending on the particular Multifamily Loan, the Multifamily Property, the
mortgagor, the presence of an acceptable party to assume the Multifamily Loan
and the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Multifamily Property is located.
Realization Upon Defaulted Assets
Generally, the Servicer is required to monitor any Assets which is in
default, initiate corrective action in cooperation with the mortgagor or
obligor if cure is likely, inspect the Asset and take such other actions as
are consistent with the Servicing Standard. A significant period of time may
elapse before the Servicer is able to assess the success of such corrective
action or the need for additional initiatives.
Any Agreement relating to a Trust Fund that includes Mortgage Loans or
Contracts may grant to the Servicer and/or the holder or holders of certain
classes of Securities a right of first refusal to purchase from the Trust Fund
at a predetermined purchase price any such Mortgage
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Loan or Contract as to which a specified number of scheduled payments
thereunder are delinquent. Any such right granted to the holder of an Offered
Security will be described in the related Prospectus Supplement. The related
Prospectus Supplement will also describe any such right granted to any person
if the predetermined purchase price is less than the Purchase Price described
under "Representations and Warranties; Repurchases."
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer may offer
to sell any defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract described in the preceding
paragraph and not otherwise purchased by any person having a right of first
refusal with respect thereto, if and when the Servicer determines, consistent
with the Servicing Standard, that such a sale would produce a greater recovery
on a present value basis than would liquidation through foreclosure,
repossession or similar proceedings. The related Agreement will provide that
any such offering be made in a commercially reasonable manner for a specified
period and that the Servicer accept the highest cash bid received from any
person (including itself, an affiliate of the Servicer or any Securityholder)
that constitutes a fair price for such defaulted Mortgage Loan or Contract. In
the absence of any bid determined in accordance with the related Agreement to
be fair, the Servicer shall proceed with respect to such defaulted Mortgage
Loan or Contract as described below. Any bid in an amount at least equal to
the Purchase Price described under "Representations and Warranties;
Repurchases" will in all cases be deemed fair.
The Servicer, on behalf of the Trustee, may at any time institute
foreclosure proceedings, exercise any power of sale contained in any mortgage,
obtain a deed in lieu of foreclosure, or otherwise acquire title to a
Mortgaged Property securing a Mortgage Loan by operation of law or otherwise
and may at any time repossess and realize upon any Manufactured Home, if such
action is consistent with the Servicing Standard and a default on such
Mortgage Loan or Contract has occurred or, in the Servicer's judgment, is
imminent.
If title to any Mortgaged Property is acquired by a Trust Fund as to which a
REMIC election has been made, the Servicer, on behalf of the Trust Fund, will
be required to sell the Mortgaged Property within two years of acquisition,
unless (i) the Internal Revenue Service grants an extension of time to sell
such property or (ii) the Trustee receives an opinion of independent counsel
to the effect that the holding of the property by the Trust Fund subsequent to
two years after its acquisition will not result in the imposition of a tax on
the Trust Fund or cause the Trust Fund to fail to qualify as a REMIC under the
Code at any time that any Securities are outstanding. Subject to the
foregoing, the Servicer will be required to (i) solicit bids for any Mortgaged
Property so acquired in such a manner as will be reasonably likely to realize
a fair price for such property and (ii) accept the first (and, if multiple
bids are contemporaneously received, the highest) cash bid received from any
person that constitutes a fair price.
The limitations imposed by the related Agreement and the REMIC provisions of
the Code (if a REMIC election has been made with respect to the related Trust
Fund) on the ownership and management of any Mortgaged Property acquired on
behalf of the Trust Fund may result in the recovery of an amount less than the
amount that would otherwise be recovered. See "Certain Legal Aspects of
Mortgage Loans--Foreclosure."
If recovery on a defaulted Asset under any related instrument of Credit
Support is not available, the Servicer nevertheless will be obligated to
follow or cause to be followed such normal practices and procedures as it
deems necessary or advisable to realize upon the defaulted Asset. If the
proceeds of any liquidation of the property securing the defaulted Asset are
less than the outstanding principal balance of the defaulted Asset plus
interest accrued
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thereon at the applicable interest rate, plus the aggregate amount of expenses
incurred by the Servicer in connection with such proceedings and which are
reimbursable under the Agreement, the Trust Fund will realize a loss in the
amount of such difference. The Servicer will be entitled to withdraw or cause
to be withdrawn from the Collection Account out of the Liquidation Proceeds
recovered on any defaulted Asset, prior to the distribution of such
Liquidation Proceeds to Securityholders, amounts representing its normal
servicing compensation on the Security, unreimbursed servicing expenses
incurred with respect to the Asset and any unreimbursed advances of delinquent
payments made with respect to the Asset.
If any property securing a defaulted Asset is damaged the Servicer is not
required to expend its own funds to restore the damaged property unless it
determines (i) that such restoration will increase the proceeds to
Securityholders on liquidation of the Asset after reimbursement of the
Servicer for its expenses and (ii) that such expenses will be recoverable by
it from related Insurance Proceeds or Liquidation Proceeds.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement will require the Trustee, if it has not
received a distribution with respect to any Mortgage Security or Agency
Security by the fifth business day after the date on which such distribution
was due and payable pursuant to the terms of such Agency Security, to request
the issuer or guarantor, if any, of such Mortgage Security or Agency Security
to make such payment as promptly as possible and legally permitted to take
such legal action against such issuer or guarantor as the Trustee deems
appropriate under the circumstances, including the prosecution of any claims
in connection therewith. The reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred by
the Trustee in connection with the prosecution of any such legal action will
be reimbursable to the Trustee out of the proceeds of any such action and will
be retained by the Trustee prior to the deposit of any remaining proceeds in
the Collection Account pending distribution thereof to Securityholders of the
related series. In the event that the proceeds of any such legal action may be
insufficient to reimburse the Trustee for its legal fees and expenses, the
Trustee will be entitled to withdraw from the Collection Account an amount
equal to such expenses incurred by it, in which event the Trust Fund may
realize a loss up to the amount so charged.
As servicer of the Assets, a Servicer, on behalf of itself, the Trustee and
the Securityholders, will present claims to the obligor under each instrument
of Credit Support, and will take such reasonable steps as are necessary to
receive payment or to permit recovery thereunder with respect to defaulted
Assets.
If a Servicer or its designee recovers payments under any instrument of
Credit Support with respect to any defaulted Assets, the Servicer will be
entitled to withdraw or cause to be withdrawn from the Collection Account out
of such proceeds, prior to distribution thereof to Securityholders, amounts
representing its normal servicing compensation on such Asset, unreimbursed
servicing expenses incurred with respect to the Asset and any unreimbursed
advances of delinquent payments made with respect to the Asset. See "Hazard
Insurance Policies" and "Description of Credit Support."
Hazard Insurance Policies
Mortgage Loans. Generally, each Agreement for a Trust Fund comprised of
Mortgage Loans will require the Servicer to cause the mortgagor on each
Mortgage Loan to maintain a hazard insurance policy providing for such
coverage as is required under the related Mortgage or, if any Mortgage permits
the holder thereof to dictate to the mortgagor the insurance coverage to be
maintained on the related Mortgaged Property, then such coverage as is
consistent with the Servicing Standard. Such coverage will be in general in an
amount equal to the lesser of the principal balance owing on such Mortgage
Loan (but not less than the amount
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necessary to avoid the application of any co-insurance clause contained in the
hazard insurance policy) and the amount necessary to fully compensate for any
damage or loss to the improvements on the Mortgaged Property on a replacement
cost basis or such other amount specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The ability of the Servicer to assure that hazard insurance
proceeds are appropriately applied may be dependent upon its being named as an
additional insured under any hazard insurance policy and under any other
insurance policy referred to below, or upon the extent to which information in
this regard is furnished by mortgagors. All amounts collected by the Servicer
under any such policy (except for amounts to be applied to the restoration or
repair of the Mortgaged Property or released to the mortgagor in accordance
with the Servicer's normal servicing procedures, subject to the terms and
conditions of the related Mortgage and Mortgage Note) will be deposited in the
Collection Account. The Agreement may provide that the Servicer may satisfy
its obligation to cause each mortgagor to maintain such a hazard insurance
policy by the Servicer's maintaining a blanket policy insuring against hazard
losses on the Mortgage Loans. If such blanket policy contains a deductible
clause, the Servicer will be required to deposit in the Collection Account all
sums that would have been deposited therein but for such clause.
In general, the standard form of fire and extended coverage policy covers
physical damage to or destruction of the improvements of the property by fire,
lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, and riot, strike and civil
commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions specified in each policy.
Although the policies relating to the Mortgage Loans will be underwritten by
different insurers under different state laws in accordance with different
applicable state forms, and therefore will not contain identical terms and
conditions, the basic terms thereof are dictated by respective state laws, and
most such policies typically do not cover any physical damage resulting from
war, revolution, governmental actions, floods and other water-related causes,
earth movement (including earthquakes, landslides and mudflows), wet or dry
rot, vermin, domestic animals and certain other kinds of uninsured risks.
The hazard insurance policies covering the Mortgaged Properties securing the
Mortgage Loans will typically contain a coinsurance clause that in effect
requires the insured at all times to carry insurance of a specified percentage
(generally 80% to 90%) of the full replacement value of the improvements on
the property in order to recover the full amount of any partial loss. If the
insured's coverage falls below this specified percentage, such clause
generally provides that the insurer's liability in the event of partial loss
does not exceed the lesser of (i) the replacement cost of the improvements
less physical depreciation and (ii) such proportion of the loss as the amount
of insurance carried bears to the specified percentage of the full replacement
cost of such improvements.
Each Agreement for a Trust Fund comprised of Mortgage Loans will require the
Servicer to cause the mortgagor on each Mortgage Loan to maintain all such
other insurance coverage with respect to the related Mortgaged Property as is
consistent with the terms of the related Mortgage and the Servicing Standard,
which insurance may typically include flood insurance (if the related
Mortgaged Property was located at the time of origination in a federally
designated flood area).
Any cost incurred by the Servicer in maintaining any such insurance policy
will be added to the amount owing under the Mortgage Loan where the terms of
the Mortgage Loan so permit; provided, however, that the addition of such cost
will not be taken into account for purposes of calculating the distribution to
be made to Securityholders. Such costs may be recovered by the Servicer from
the Collection Account, with interest thereon, as provided by the Agreement.
Under the terms of the Mortgage Loans, mortgagors will generally be required
to present claims to insurers under hazard insurance policies maintained on
the related Mortgaged
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Properties. The Servicer, on behalf of the Trustee and Securityholders, is
obligated to present or cause to be presented claims under any blanket
insurance policy insuring against hazard losses on Mortgaged Properties
securing the Mortgage Loans. However, the ability of the Servicer to present
or cause to be presented such claims is dependent upon the extent to which
information in this regard is furnished to the Servicer by mortgagors.
Contracts. Generally, the terms of the Agreement for a Trust Fund comprised
of Contracts will require the Servicer to cause to be maintained with respect
to each Contract one or more hazard insurance policies which provide, at a
minimum, the same coverage as a standard form fire and extended coverage
insurance policy that is customary for manufactured housing, issued by a
company authorized to issue such policies in the state in which the
Manufactured Home is located, and in an amount which is not less than the
maximum insurable value of such Manufactured Home or the principal balance due
from the obligor on the related Contract, whichever is less; provided,
however, that the amount of coverage provided by each such hazard insurance
policy shall be sufficient to avoid the application of any co-insurance clause
contained therein. When a Manufactured Home's location was, at the time of
origination of the related Contract, within a federally designated special
flood hazard area, the Servicer shall cause such flood insurance to be
maintained, which coverage shall be at least equal to the minimum amount
specified in the preceding sentence or such lesser amount as may be available
under the federal flood insurance program. Each hazard insurance policy caused
to be maintained by the Servicer shall contain a standard loss payee clause in
favor of the Servicer and its successors and assigns. If any obligor is in
default in the payment of premiums on its hazard insurance policy or policies,
the Servicer shall pay such premiums out of its own funds, and may add
separately such premium to the obligor's obligation as provided by the
Contract, but may not add such premium to the remaining principal balance of
the Contract.
The Servicer may maintain, in lieu of causing individual hazard insurance
policies to be maintained with respect to each Manufactured Home, and shall
maintain, to the extent that the related Contract does not require the obligor
to maintain a hazard insurance policy with respect to the related Manufactured
Home, one or more blanket insurance policies covering losses on the obligor's
interest in the Contracts resulting from the absence or insufficiency of
individual hazard insurance policies. The Servicer shall pay the premium for
such blanket policy on the basis described therein and shall pay any
deductible amount with respect to claims under such policy relating to the
Contracts.
FHA Insurance and VA Guarantees
FHA Loans will be insured by the FHA as authorized under the Housing Act.
Certain FHA Loans will be insured under various FHA programs including the
standard FHA 203(b) program to finance the acquisition of one- to four-family
housing units, the FHA 245 graduated payment mortgage program and the FHA
Title I Program. These programs generally limit the principal amount and
interest rates of the mortgage loans insured. The Prospectus Supplement for
Securities of each series evidencing interests in a Trust Fund including FHA
Loans will set forth additional information regarding the regulations
governing the applicable FHA insurance programs. Except as otherwise specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the following describes FHA insurance
programs and regulations as generally in effect with respect to FHA Loans.
The insurance premiums for FHA Loans are collected by lenders approved by
the Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") or by the Servicer and
are paid to the FHA. The regulations governing FHA single-family mortgage
insurance programs provide that insurance benefits are payable either upon
foreclosure (or other acquisition of possession) and
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conveyance of the mortgaged premises to the United States of America or upon
assignment of the defaulted loan to the United States of America. With respect
to a defaulted FHA Loan, the Servicer is limited in its ability to initiate
foreclosure proceedings. When it is determined, either by the Servicer or HUD,
that default was caused by circumstances beyond the mortgagor's control, the
Servicer is expected to make an effort to avoid foreclosure by entering, if
feasible, into one of a number of available forms of forbearance plans with
the mortgagor. Such plans may involve the reduction or suspension of regular
mortgage payments for a specified period, with such payments to be made upon
or before the maturity date of the mortgage, or the recasting of payments due
under the mortgage up to or, other than FHA Loans originated under the FHA
Title I Program, beyond the maturity date. In addition, when a default caused
by such circumstances is accompanied by certain other criteria, HUD may
provide relief by making payments to the Servicer in partial or full
satisfaction of amounts due under the FHA Loan (which payments are to be
repaid by the mortgagor to HUD) or by accepting assignment of the loan from
the Servicer. With certain exceptions, at least three full monthly
installments must be due and unpaid under the FHA Loan, and HUD must have
rejected any request for relief from the mortgagor before the Servicer may
initiate foreclosure proceedings.
HUD has the option, in most cases, to pay insurance claims in cash or in
debentures issued by HUD. Currently, claims are being paid in cash, and claims
have not been paid in debentures since 1965. HUD debentures issued in
satisfaction of FHA insurance claims bear interest at the applicable HUD
debentures interest rate. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Servicer of each single family FHA Loan will be obligated to
purchase any such debenture issued in satisfaction of such FHA Loan upon
default for an amount equal to the principal amount of any such debenture.
Other than in relation to the FHA Title I Program, the amount of insurance
benefits generally paid by the FHA is equal to the entire unpaid principal
amount of the defaulted FHA Loan adjusted to reimburse the Servicer for
certain costs and expenses and to deduct certain amounts received or retained
by the Servicer after default. When entitlement to insurance benefits results
from foreclosure (or other acquisition of possession) and conveyance to HUD,
the Servicer is compensated for no more than two-thirds of its foreclosure
costs, and is compensated for interest accrued and unpaid prior to such date
but in general only to the extent it was allowed pursuant to a forbearance
plan approved by HUD. When entitlement to insurance benefits results from
assignment of the FHA Loan to HUD, the insurance payment includes full
compensation for interest accrued and unpaid to the assignment date. The
insurance payment itself, upon foreclosure of an FHA Loan, bears interest from
a date 30 days after the borrower's first uncorrected failure to perform any
obligation to make any payment due under the mortgage and, upon assignment,
from the date of assignment to the date of payment of the claim, in each case
at the same interest rate as the applicable HUD debenture interest rate as
described above.
VA Loans will be partially guaranteed by the VA under the Serviceman's
Readjustment Act (a "VA GUARANTY POLICY"). With respect to a defaulted VA
Loan, the Servicer is, absent exceptional circumstances, authorized to
announce its intention to foreclose only when the default has continued for
three months. Generally, a claim for the guarantee is submitted after
liquidation of the Mortgaged Property.
The amount payable under the guarantee will be the percentage of the VA Loan
originally guaranteed applied to indebtedness outstanding as of the applicable
date of computation specified in the VA regulations. Payments under the
guarantee will be equal to the unpaid principal amount of such VA Loan,
interest accrued on the unpaid balance of such VA Loan to the appropriate date
of computation and limited expenses of the mortgagee, but in each case
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only to the extent that such amounts have not been recovered through
liquidation of the Mortgaged Property. The amount payable under the guarantee
may in no event exceed the amount of the original guarantee.
Fidelity Bonds and Errors and Omissions Insurance
Each Agreement will require that the Servicer obtain and maintain in effect
a fidelity bond or similar form of insurance coverage (which may provide
blanket coverage) or any combination thereof insuring against loss occasioned
by fraud, theft or other intentional misconduct of the officers, employees and
agents of the Servicer. The related Agreement will allow the Servicer to self-
insure against loss occasioned by the errors and omissions of the officers,
employees and agents of the Servicer so long as certain criteria set forth in
the Agreement are met.
Due-on-Sale Provisions
The Mortgage Loans may contain clauses requiring the consent of the
mortgagee to any sale or other transfer of the related Mortgaged Property, or
due-on-sale clauses entitling the mortgagee to accelerate payment of the
Mortgage Loan upon any sale, transfer or conveyance of the related Mortgaged
Property. The Servicer will generally enforce any due-on-sale clause to the
extent it has knowledge of the conveyance or proposed conveyance of the
underlying Mortgaged Property and it is entitled to do so under applicable
law; provided, however, that the Servicer will not take any action in relation
to the enforcement of any due-on-sale provision which would adversely affect
or jeopardize coverage under any applicable insurance policy. Any fee
collected by or on behalf of the Servicer for entering into an assumption
agreement will be retained by or on behalf of the Servicer as additional
servicing compensation. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans--Due-on-
Sale Clauses." The Contracts may also contain such clauses. The Servicer will
generally permit such transfer so long as the transferee satisfies the
Servicer's then applicable underwriting standards. The purpose of such
transfers is often to avoid a default by the transferring obligor. See
"Certain Legal Aspects of the Contracts--Transfers of Manufactured Homes;
Enforceability of "Due-on-Sale" Clauses."
Retained Interest; Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses
The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will specify whether
there will be any Retained Interest in the Assets, and, if so, the initial
owner thereof. If so, the Retained Interest will be established on a loan-by-
loan basis and will be specified on an exhibit to the related Agreement. A
"RETAINED INTEREST" in an Asset represents a specified portion of the interest
payable thereon. The Retained Interest will be deducted from mortgagor
payments as received and will not be part of the related Trust Fund.
The Servicer's primary servicing compensation with respect to a series of
Securities will come from the periodic payment to it of a portion of the
interest payment on each Asset or such other amount specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Since any Retained Interest and a Servicer's primary
compensation are percentages of the principal balance of each Asset, such
amounts will decrease in accordance with the amortization of the Assets. The
Prospectus Supplement with respect to a series of Securities evidencing
interests in a Trust Fund that includes Mortgage Loans or Contracts may
provide that, as additional compensation, the Servicer may retain all or a
portion of assumption fees, modification fees, late payment charges or
Prepayment Premiums collected from mortgagors and any interest or other income
which may be earned on funds held in the Collection Account or any account
established by a Servicer pursuant to the Agreement.
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The Servicer may, to the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, pay from its servicing compensation certain expenses incurred in
connection with its servicing and managing of the Assets, including, without
limitation, payment of the fees and disbursements of the Trustee and
independent accountants, payment of expenses incurred in connection with
distributions and reports to Securityholders, and payment of any other
expenses described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Certain other
expenses, including certain expenses relating to defaults and liquidations on
the Assets and, to the extent so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, interest thereon at the rate specified therein may be borne by the
Trust Fund.
If and to the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer may be required to apply a portion of the servicing compensation
otherwise payable to it in respect of any Due Period to certain interest
shortfalls resulting from the voluntary prepayment of any Assets in the
related Trust Fund during such period prior to their respective due dates
therein.
Evidence as to Compliance
Each Agreement relating to Assets which include Mortgage Loans or Contracts
will provide that on or before a specified date in each year, beginning with
the first such date at least six months after the related Cut-off Date, a firm
of independent public accountants will furnish a statement to the Trustee to
the effect that, on the basis of the examination by such firm conducted
substantially in compliance with either the Uniform Single Attestation Program
for Mortgage Bankers, the Audit Program for Mortgages serviced for Freddie Mac
or such other program used by the Servicer, the servicing by or on behalf of
the Servicer of mortgage loans under agreements substantially similar to each
other (including the related Agreement) was conducted in compliance with the
terms of such agreements or such program except for any significant exceptions
or errors in records that, in the opinion of the firm, either the Audit
Program for Mortgages serviced for Freddie Mac, or paragraph 4 of the Uniform
Single Attestation Program for Mortgage Bankers, or such other program,
requires it to report.
Each such Agreement will also provide for delivery to the Trustee, on or
before a specified date in each year, of an annual statement signed by two
officers of the Servicer to the effect that the Servicer has fulfilled its
obligations under the Agreement throughout the preceding calendar year or
other specified twelve-month period.
Copies of such annual accountants' statement and such statements of officers
will be obtainable by Securityholders without charge upon written request to
the Servicer or other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement at
the address set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certain Matters Regarding Servicers, the Master Servicer and the Depositor
The Servicers and Master Servicer under each Agreement will be named in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The entities serving as Servicer or Master
Servicer may be affiliates of the Depositor and may have other normal business
relationships with the Depositor or the Depositor's affiliates. Reference
herein to the Servicer shall be deemed to be to the Master Servicer, if
applicable.
The related Agreement will provide that the Servicer may resign from its
obligations and duties thereunder only upon a determination that its duties
under the Agreement are no longer permissible under applicable law or are in
material conflict by reason of applicable law with any other activities
carried on by it, the other activities of the Servicer so causing such a
conflict being of a type and nature carried on by the Servicer at the date of
the Agreement. No such
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resignation will become effective until the Trustee or a successor servicer
has assumed the Servicer's obligations and duties under the Agreement.
Each Agreement will further provide that neither any Servicer, the Depositor
nor any director, officer, employee, or agent of a Servicer or the Depositor
will be under any liability to the related Trust Fund or Securityholders for
any action taken, or for refraining from the taking of any action, in good
faith pursuant to the Agreement; provided, however, that neither a Servicer,
the Depositor nor any such person will be protected against any breach of a
representation, warranty or covenant made in such Agreement, or against any
liability specifically imposed thereby, or against any liability which would
otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence in the performance of obligations or duties thereunder or by reason
of reckless disregard of obligations and duties thereunder. Each Agreement
will further provide that any Servicer, the Depositor and any director,
officer, employee or agent of a Servicer or the Depositor will be entitled to
indemnification by the related Trust Fund and will be held harmless against
any loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with any legal action
relating to the Agreement or the Securities; provided, however, that such
indemnification will not extend to any loss, liability or expense (i)
specifically imposed by such Agreement or otherwise incidental to the
performance of obligations and duties thereunder, including, in the case of a
Servicer, the prosecution of an enforcement action in respect of any specific
Mortgage Loan or Mortgage Loans or Contract or Contracts (except as any such
loss, liability or expense shall be otherwise reimbursable pursuant to such
Agreement); (ii) incurred in connection with any breach of a representation,
warranty or covenant made in such Agreement; (iii) incurred by reason of
misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of obligations
or duties thereunder, or by reason of reckless disregard of such obligations
or duties; (iv) incurred in connection with any violation of any state or
federal securities law; or (v) imposed by any taxing authority if such loss,
liability or expense is not specifically reimbursable pursuant to the terms of
the related Agreement. In addition, each Agreement will provide that neither
any Servicer nor the Depositor will be under any obligation to appear in,
prosecute or defend any legal action which is not incidental to its respective
responsibilities under the Agreement and which in its opinion may involve it
in any expense or liability. Any such Servicer or the Depositor may, however,
in its discretion undertake any such action which it may deem necessary or
desirable with respect to the Agreement and the rights and duties of the
parties thereto and the interests of the Securityholders thereunder. In such
event, the legal expenses and costs of such action and any liability resulting
therefrom will be expenses, costs and liabilities of the Securityholders, and
the Servicer or the Depositor, as the case may be, will be entitled to be
reimbursed therefor and to charge the Collection Account.
Any person into which the Servicer or the Depositor may be merged or
consolidated, or any person resulting from any merger or consolidation to
which the Servicer or the Depositor is a party, or any person succeeding to
the business of the Servicer or the Depositor, will be the successor of the
Servicer or the Depositor, as the case may be, under the related Agreement.
Special Servicers
If and to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
special servicer (a "SPECIAL SERVICER") may be a party to the related
Agreement or may be appointed by the Servicer or another specified party to
perform certain specified duties in respect of servicing the related Mortgage
Loans that would otherwise be performed by the Servicer (for example, the
workout and/or foreclosure of defaulted Mortgage Loans). The rights and
obligations of any Special Servicer will be specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, and the Servicer will be liable for the performance of
a Special Servicer only if, and to the extent, set forth in such Prospectus
Supplement.
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Events of Default under the Agreement
Events of default under the related Agreement will generally include (i) any
failure by the Servicer to distribute or cause to be distributed to
Securityholders, or to remit to the Trustee for distribution to
Securityholders, any required payment that continues after a grace period, if
any; (ii) any failure by the Servicer duly to observe or perform in any
material respect any of its other covenants or obligations under the Agreement
which continues unremedied for 30 days after written notice of such failure
has been given to the Servicer by the Trustee or the Depositor, or to the
Servicer, the Depositor and the Trustee by Securityholders evidencing not less
than 25% of the Voting Rights; (iii) any breach of a representation or
warranty made by the Servicer under the Agreement which materially and
adversely affects the interests of Securityholders and which continues
unremedied for 30 days after written notice of such breach has been given to
the Servicer by the Trustee or the Depositor, or to the Servicer, the
Depositor and the Trustee by the holders of Securities evidencing not less
than 25% of the Voting Rights; and (iv) certain events of insolvency,
readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and liabilities or similar
proceedings and certain actions by or on behalf of the Servicer indicating its
insolvency or inability to pay its obligations. Material variations to the
foregoing events of default (other than to shorten cure periods or eliminate
notice requirements) will be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The Trustee will, not later than the later of 60 days or such other period
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement after the occurrence of any
event which constitutes or, with notice or lapse of time or both, would
constitute an event of default and five days after certain officers of the
Trustee become aware of the occurrence of such an event, transmit by mail to
the Depositor and all Securityholders of the applicable series notice of such
occurrence, unless such default shall have been cured or waived.
The manner of determining the "VOTING RIGHTS" of a Security or class or
classes of Securities will be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Rights Upon Event of Default under the Agreements
So long as an event of default under an Agreement remains unremedied, the
Depositor or the Trustee may, and at the direction of holders of Securities
evidencing not less than 51% (or such other percentage specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting Rights, the Trustee shall
terminate all of the rights and obligations of the Servicer under the
Agreement and in and to the Mortgage Loans (other than as a Securityholder or
as the owner of any Retained Interest), whereupon the Trustee will succeed to
all of the responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the Servicer under the
Agreement (except that if the Trustee is prohibited by law from obligating
itself to make advances regarding delinquent Assets, or if the related
Prospectus Supplement so specifies, then the Trustee will not be obligated to
make such advances) and will be entitled to similar compensation arrangements.
In the event that the Trustee is unwilling or unable so to act, it may or, at
the written request of the holders of Securities entitled to at least 51% (or
such other percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement) of the
Voting Rights, it shall appoint, or petition a court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of, a loan servicing institution acceptable to the Rating
Agency with a net worth at the time of such appointment of at least
$15,000,000 (or such other amount specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement) to act as successor to the Servicer under the Agreement. Pending
such appointment, the Trustee is obligated to act in such capacity. The
Trustee and any such successor may agree upon the servicing compensation to be
paid, which in no event may be greater than the compensation payable to the
Servicer under the Agreement.
The holders of Securities representing at least 66 2/3% (or such other
percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting
Rights allocated to the respective classes of Securities affected by any event
of default will be entitled to waive such event of default;
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provided, however, that an Event of Default involving a failure to distribute
a required payment to Securityholders described in clause (i) under "Events of
Default under the Agreements" may be waived only by all of the
Securityholders. Upon any such waiver of an event of default, such event of
default shall cease to exist and shall be deemed to have been remedied for
every purpose under the Agreement.
No Securityholders will have the right under any Agreement to institute any
proceeding with respect thereto unless such holder previously has given to the
Trustee written notice of default and unless the holders of Securities
evidencing not less than 25% (or such other percentage specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting Rights have made written request
upon the Trustee to institute such proceeding in its own name as Trustee
thereunder and have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the
Trustee for 60 days (or such other number of days specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) has neglected or refused to institute any such
proceeding. The Trustee, however, is under no obligation to exercise any of
the trusts or powers vested in it by any Agreement or to make any
investigation of matters arising thereunder or to institute, conduct or defend
any litigation thereunder or in relation thereto at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders covered by such Agreement, unless such
Securityholders have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or
thereby.
Amendment
Each Agreement may be amended by the parties thereto, without the consent of
any Securityholders covered by the Agreement, (i) to cure any ambiguity or
mistake, (ii) to correct, modify or supplement any provision therein which may
be inconsistent with any other provision therein or with the related
Prospectus Supplement, (iii) to make any other provisions with respect to
matters or questions arising under the Agreement which are not materially
inconsistent with the provisions thereof, or (iv) to comply with any
requirements imposed by the Code; provided that, in the case of clause (iii),
such amendment will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests
of any Securityholders covered by the Agreement as evidenced either by an
opinion of counsel to such effect or the delivery to the Trustee of written
notification from each Rating Agency that provides, at the request of the
Depositor, a rating for the Offered Securities of the related series to the
effect that such amendment or supplement will not cause such Rating Agency to
lower or withdraw the then current rating assigned to such Securities. Each
Agreement may also be amended by the Depositor, the Servicer, if any, and the
Trustee, with the consent of the Securityholders affected thereby evidencing
not less than 51% (or such other percentage specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting Rights, for any purpose; provided,
however, no such amendment may (i) reduce in any manner the amount of, or
delay the timing of, payments received or advanced on Assets which are
required to be distributed on any Security without the consent of the
Securityholder or (ii) reduce the consent percentages described in this
paragraph without the consent of all the Securityholders covered by such
Agreement then outstanding. However, with respect to any series of Securities
as to which a REMIC election is to be made, the Trustee will not consent to
any amendment of the Agreement unless it shall first have received an opinion
of counsel to the effect that such amendment will not result in the imposition
of a tax on the related Trust Fund or cause the related Trust Fund to fail to
qualify as a REMIC, at any time that the related Securities are outstanding.
The Trustee
The Trustee under each Agreement will be named in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The commercial bank, national banking association, banking
corporation or trust company
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serving as Trustee may have a banking relationship with the Depositor and its
affiliates, with any Servicer and its affiliates and with any Master Servicer
and its affiliates.
Duties of the Trustee
The Trustee will make no representations as to the validity or sufficiency
of any Agreement, the Securities or any Asset or related document and is not
accountable for the use or application by or on behalf of any Servicer of any
funds paid to the Master Servicer or its designee in respect of the Securities
or the Assets, or deposited into or withdrawn from the Collection Account or
any other account by or on behalf of the Servicer. If no Event of Default has
occurred and is continuing, the Trustee is required to perform only those
duties specifically required under the related Agreement, as applicable.
However, upon receipt of the various certificates, reports or other
instruments required to be furnished to it, the Trustee is required to examine
such documents and to determine whether they conform to the requirements of
the Agreement.
Certain Matters Regarding the Trustee
The Trustee and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Trustee
shall be entitled to indemnification out of the Collection Account for any
loss, liability or expense (including costs and expenses of litigation, and of
investigation, counsel fees, damages, judgments and amounts paid in
settlement) incurred in connection with the Trustee's (i) enforcing its rights
and remedies and protecting the interests, of the Securityholders during the
continuance of an Event of Default, (ii) defending or prosecuting any legal
action in respect of the related Agreement or series of Securities (iii) being
the mortgagee of record with respect to the Mortgage Loans in a Trust Fund and
the owner of record with respect to any Mortgaged Property acquired in respect
thereof for the benefit of Securityholders, or (iv) acting or refraining from
acting in good faith at the direction of the holders of the related series of
Securities entitled to not less than 25% (or such other percentage as is
specified in the related Agreement with respect to any particular matter) of
the Voting Rights for such series; provided, however, that such
indemnification will not extend to any loss, liability or expense that
constitutes a specific liability of the Trustee pursuant to the related
Agreement, or to any loss, liability or expense incurred by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or negligence on the part of the Trustee in the
performance of its obligations and duties thereunder, or by reason of its
reckless disregard of such obligations or duties, or as may arise from a
breach of any representation, warranty or covenant of the Trustee made
therein.
Resignation and Removal of the Trustee
The Trustee may at any time resign from its obligations and duties under an
Agreement by giving written notice thereof to the Depositor, the Servicer, if
any, and all Securityholders. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the
Depositor is required promptly to appoint a successor trustee acceptable to
the Servicer, if any. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and
have accepted appointment within 30 days after the giving of such notice of
resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee.
If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible to continue as such
under the related Agreement, or if at any time the Trustee shall become
incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver
of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer
shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for
the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, or if a change in
the financial condition of the Trustee has adversely affected or will
adversely affect the rating on any class of the Securities, then the Depositor
may remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee
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acceptable to the Master Servicer, if any. Securityholders of any series
entitled to at least 51% (or such other percentage specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting Rights for such series may at any time
remove the Trustee without cause and appoint a successor trustee.
Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor
trustee shall not become effective until acceptance of appointment by the
successor trustee.
MATERIAL TERMS OF THE INDENTURE
General
The following summary describes the material provisions that may appear in
each Indenture. The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Notes will describe
any provision of the Indenture relating to such series that materially differs
from the description thereof contained in this Prospectus. The summaries do
not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified by reference
to, all of the provisions of the Indenture for a series of Notes. A form of an
Indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which
this Prospectus is a part. The Depositor will provide a copy of the Indenture
(without exhibits) relating to any series of Notes without charge upon written
request of a Securityholder of such series addressed to ACE Securities Corp.,
6707 Fairview Road, Suite D, Charlotte, North Carolina 28210, Attention:
Elizabeth S. Eldridge.
Events of Default
Events of default under the Indenture for each series of Notes will
generally include: (i) a default for thirty (30) days (or such other number of
days specified in such Prospectus Supplement) or more in the payment of any
principal of or interest on any Note of such series; (ii) failure to perform
any other covenant of the Depositor or the Trust Fund in the Indenture which
continues for a period of sixty (60) days (or such other number of days
specified in such Prospectus Supplement) after notice thereof is given in
accordance with the procedures described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
(iii) any representation or warranty made by the Depositor or the Trust Fund
in the Indenture or in any certificate or other writing delivered pursuant
thereto or in connection therewith with respect to or affecting such series
having been incorrect in a material respect as of the time made, and such
breach is not cured within sixty (60) days (or such other number of days
specified in such Prospectus Supplement) after notice thereof is given in
accordance with the procedures described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
(iv) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or liquidation of
the Depositor or the Trust Fund; or (v) any other event of default provided
with respect to Notes of that series.
If an event of default with respect to the Notes of any series at the time
outstanding occurs and is continuing, either the Indenture Trustee or the
Securityholders of a majority of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the
Notes of such series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Notes of
that series are Accrual Securities, such portion of the principal amount as
may be specified in the terms of that series, as provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement) of all the Notes of such series to be due and payable
immediately. Such declaration may, under certain circumstances, be rescinded
and annulled by the Securityholders of a majority in aggregate outstanding
amount of the Notes of such series.
If, following an event of default with respect to any series of Notes, the
Notes of such series have been declared to be due and payable, the Indenture
Trustee may, in its discretion, notwithstanding such acceleration, elect to
maintain possession of the collateral securing the
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Notes of such series and to continue to apply distributions on such collateral
as if there had been no declaration of acceleration if such collateral
continues to provide sufficient funds for the payment of principal of and
interest on the Notes of such series as they would have become due if there
had not been such a declaration. In addition, the Indenture Trustee may not
sell or otherwise liquidate the collateral securing the Notes of a series
following an event of default, other than a default in the payment of any
principal or interest on any Note of such series for thirty (30) days or more,
unless (a) the Securityholders of 100% (or such other percentage specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement) of the then aggregate outstanding amount of
the Notes of such series consent to such sale, (b) the proceeds of such sale
or liquidation are sufficient to pay in full the principal of and accrued
interest, due and unpaid, on the outstanding Notes of such series at the date
of such sale or (c) the Indenture Trustee determines that such collateral
would not be sufficient on an ongoing basis to make all payments on such Notes
as such payments would have become due if such Notes had not been declared due
and payable, and the Indenture Trustee obtains the consent of the
Securityholders of 66 2/3% (or such other percentage specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes
of such series.
In the event that the Indenture Trustee liquidates the collateral in
connection with an event of default involving a default for thirty (30) days
(or such other number of days specified in the related Prospectus Supplement)
or more in the payment of principal of or interest on the Notes of a series,
the Indenture provides that the Indenture Trustee will have a prior lien on
the proceeds of any such liquidation for unpaid fees and expenses. As a
result, upon the occurrence of such an event of default, the amount available
for distribution to the Securityholders would be less than would otherwise be
the case. However, the Indenture Trustee may not institute a proceeding for
the enforcement of its lien except in connection with a proceeding for the
enforcement of the lien of the Indenture for the benefit of the
Securityholders after the occurrence of such an event of default.
To the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, in the event
the principal of the Notes of a series is declared due and payable, as
described above, the Securityholders of any such Notes issued at a discount
from par may be entitled to receive no more than an amount equal to the unpaid
principal amount thereof less the amount of such discount which is
unamortized.
Subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the duties of the
Indenture Trustee, in case an event of default shall occur and be continuing
with respect to a series of Notes, the Indenture Trustee shall be under no
obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under the Indenture at the
request or direction of any of the Securityholders of such series, unless such
holders offered to the Indenture Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to
it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it
in complying with such request or direction. Subject to such provisions for
indemnification and certain limitations contained in the Indenture, the
Securityholders of a majority of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the
Notes of such series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place
of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Indenture Trustee
or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Indenture Trustee with
respect to the Notes of such series, and the Securityholders of a majority of
the then aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes of such series may, in
certain cases, waive any default with respect thereto, except a default in the
payment of principal or interest or a default in respect of a covenant or
provision of the Indenture that cannot be modified without the waiver or
consent of all the Securityholders of the outstanding Notes of such series
affected thereby.
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Discharge of Indenture
The Indenture will be discharged with respect to a series of Notes (except
with respect to certain continuing rights specified in the Indenture) upon the
delivery to the Indenture Trustee for cancellation of all the Notes of such
series or, with certain limitations, upon deposit with the Indenture Trustee
of funds sufficient for the payment in full of all of the Notes of such
series.
In addition to such discharge with certain limitations, the Indenture will
provide that, if so specified with respect to the Notes of any series, the
related Trust Fund will be discharged from any and all obligations in respect
of the Notes of such series (except for certain obligations relating to
temporary Notes and exchange of Notes, to register the transfer of or exchange
Notes of such series, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated Notes of such
series, to maintain paying agencies and to hold monies for payment in trust)
upon the deposit with the Indenture Trustee, in trust, of money and/or direct
obligations of or obligations guaranteed by the United States of America which
through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance
with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to pay the
principal of and each installment of interest on the Notes of such series on
the maturity date for such Notes and any installment of interest on such Notes
in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Notes of such series. In
the event of any such defeasance and discharge of Notes of such series,
holders of Notes of such series would be able to look only to such money
and/or direct obligations for payment of principal and interest, if any, on
their Notes until maturity.
Indenture Trustee's Annual Report
The Indenture Trustee for each series of Notes will be required to mail each
year to all related Securityholders a brief report relating to its eligibility
and qualification to continue as Indenture Trustee under the related
Indenture, any amounts advanced by it under the Indenture, the amount,
interest rate and maturity date of certain indebtedness owing by such Trust to
the applicable Indenture Trustee in its individual capacity, the property and
funds physically held by such Indenture Trustee as such and any action taken
by it that materially affects such Notes and that has not been previously
reported.
The Indenture Trustee
The Indenture Trustee for a series of Notes will be specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The Indenture Trustee for any series may resign at any
time, in which event the Depositor will be obligated to appoint a successor
trustee for such series. The Depositor may also remove any such Indenture
Trustee if such Indenture Trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as such
under the related Indenture or if such Indenture Trustee becomes insolvent. In
such circumstances the Depositor will be obligated to appoint a successor
trustee for the applicable series of Notes. Any resignation or removal of the
Indenture Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee for any series of
Notes does not become effective until acceptance of the appointment by the
successor trustee for such series.
The bank or trust company serving as Indenture Trustee may have a banking
relationship with the Depositor or any of its affiliates, a Servicer or any of
its affiliates or the Master Servicer or any of its affiliates.
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT SUPPORT
GENERAL
For any series of Securities, Credit Support may be provided with respect to
one or more classes thereof or the related Assets. Credit Support may be in
the form of the subordination of
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one or more classes of Securities, letters of credit, insurance policies,
guarantees, the establishment of one or more reserve funds or another method
of Credit Support described in the related Prospectus Supplement, or any
combination of the foregoing. If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, any form of Credit Support may be structured so as to be drawn
upon by more than one series to the extent described therein.
The coverage provided by any Credit Support will be described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Generally, such coverage will not provide protection
against all risks of loss and will not guarantee repayment of the entire
Security Balance of the Securities and interest thereon. If losses or
shortfalls occur that exceed the amount covered by Credit Support or that are
not covered by Credit Support, Securityholders will bear their allocable share
of deficiencies. Moreover, if a form of Credit Support covers more than one
series of Securities (each, a "COVERED TRUST"), Securityholders evidencing
interests in any of such Covered Trusts will be subject to the risk that such
Credit Support will be exhausted by the claims of other Covered Trusts prior
to such Covered Trust receiving any of its intended share of such coverage.
If Credit Support is provided with respect to one or more classes of
Securities of a series, or the related Assets, the related Prospectus
Supplement will include a description of (a) the nature and amount of coverage
under such Credit Support, (b) any conditions to payment thereunder not
otherwise described herein, (c) the conditions (if any) under which the amount
of coverage under such Credit Support may be reduced and under which such
Credit Support may be terminated or replaced and (d) the material provisions
relating to such Credit Support. Additionally, the related Prospectus
Supplement will set forth certain information with respect to the obligor
under any instrument of Credit Support, including (i) a brief description of
its principal business activities, (ii) its principal place of business, place
of incorporation and the jurisdiction under which it is chartered or licensed
to do business, (iii) if applicable, the identity of regulatory agencies that
exercise primary jurisdiction over the conduct of its business and (iv) its
total assets, and its stockholders' or policyholders' surplus, if applicable,
as of the date specified in the Prospectus Supplement. See "Risk Factors--
Credit Support is Limited in Amount and Coverage."
SUBORDINATE SECURITIES
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, one or more classes of
Securities of a series may be Subordinate Securities. To the extent specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the rights of the holders of Subordinate
Securities to receive distributions of principal and interest from the
Collection Account on any Distribution Date will be subordinated to such
rights of the holders of Senior Securities. If so provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the subordination of a class may apply only in the
event of (or may be limited to) certain types of losses or shortfalls. The
related Prospectus Supplement will set forth information concerning the amount
of subordination of a class or classes of Subordinate Securities in a series,
the circumstances in which such subordination will be applicable and the
manner, if any, in which the amount of subordination will be effected.
CROSS-SUPPORT PROVISIONS
If the Assets for a series are divided into separate groups, each supporting
a separate class or classes of Securities of a series, Credit Support may be
provided by cross-support provisions requiring that distributions be made on
Senior Securities evidencing interests in one group of Mortgage Loans prior to
distributions on Subordinate Securities evidencing interests in a different
group of Mortgage Loans within the Trust Fund. The Prospectus Supplement for a
series that includes a cross-support provision will describe the manner and
conditions for applying such provisions.
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LIMITED GUARANTEE
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement with respect to a
series of Securities, credit enhancement may be provided in the form of a
limited guarantee issued by a guarantor named therein.
FINANCIAL GUARANTY INSURANCE POLICY OR SURETY BOND
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement with respect to a
series of Securities, credit enhancement may be provided in the form of a
financial guaranty insurance policy or a surety bond issued by an insurer
named therein.
LETTER OF CREDIT
Alternative credit support with respect to a series of Securities may be
provided by the issuance of a letter of credit by the bank or financial
institution specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The coverage,
amount and frequency of any reduction in coverage provided by a letter of
credit issued with respect to a series of Securities will be set forth in the
Prospectus Supplement relating to such series.
POOL INSURANCE POLICIES
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of
Securities, a pool insurance policy for the Mortgage Loans in the related
Trust Fund will be obtained. The pool insurance policy will cover any loss
(subject to the limitations described in the related Prospectus Supplement) by
reason of default to the extent a related Mortgage Loan is not covered by any
primary mortgage insurance policy. The amount and principal terms of any such
coverage will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
SPECIAL HAZARD INSURANCE POLICIES
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a special hazard
insurance policy may also be obtained for the related Trust Fund in the amount
set forth in such Prospectus Supplement. The special hazard insurance policy
will, subject to the limitations described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, protect against loss by reason of damage to Mortgaged Properties
caused by certain hazards not insured against under the standard form of
hazard insurance policy for the respective states, in which the Mortgaged
Properties are located. The amount and principal terms of any such coverage
will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
MORTGAGOR BANKRUPTCY BOND
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, losses resulting from
a bankruptcy proceeding relating to a mortgagor affecting the Mortgage Loans
in a Trust Fund with respect to a series of Securities will be covered under a
mortgagor bankruptcy bond (or any other instrument that will not result in a
downgrading of the rating of the Securities of a series by the Rating Agency
or Rating Agencies that rate such series). Any mortgagor bankruptcy bond or
such other instrument will provide for coverage in an amount meeting the
criteria of the Rating Agency or Rating Agencies rating the Securities of the
related series, which amount will be set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The amount and principal terms of any such coverage will be set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
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RESERVE FUNDS
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities,
deficiencies in amounts otherwise payable on such Securities or certain
classes thereof will be covered by one or more reserve funds in which cash, a
letter of credit, Permitted Investments, a demand note or a combination
thereof will be deposited, in the amounts so specified in such Prospectus
Supplement. The reserve funds for a series may also be funded over time by
depositing therein a specified amount of the distributions received on the
related Assets as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Amounts on deposit in any reserve fund for a series, together with the
reinvestment income thereon, if any, will be applied for the purposes, in the
manner, and to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. A
reserve fund may be provided to increase the likelihood of timely
distributions of principal of and interest on the Securities. If so specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, reserve funds may be established to
provide limited protection against only certain types of losses and
shortfalls. Following each Distribution Date amounts in a reserve fund in
excess of any amount required to be maintained therein may be released from
the reserve fund under the conditions and to the extent specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement and will not be available for further
application to the Securities.
Moneys deposited in any reserve funds will be invested in Permitted
Investments, to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. To
the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, any reinvestment
income or other gain from such investments will be credited to the related
reserve fund for such series, and any loss resulting from such investments
will be charged to such reserve fund. However, such income may be payable to
any related Servicer or another service provider as additional compensation.
To the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the reserve
fund, if any, for a series will not be a part of the Trust Fund.
Additional information concerning any reserve fund will be set forth in the
related Prospectus Supplement, including the initial balance of such reserve
fund, the balance required to be maintained in the reserve fund, the manner in
which such required balance will decrease over time, the manner of funding
such reserve fund, the purposes for which funds in the reserve fund may be
applied to make distributions to Securityholders and use of investment
earnings from the reserve fund, if any.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, subordination provisions
of a Trust Fund may be used to accelerate to a limited extent the amortization
of one or more classes of Securities relative to the amortization of the
related Assets. The accelerated amortization is achieved by the application of
certain excess interest to the payment of principal of one or more classes of
Securities. This acceleration feature creates, with respect to the Assets or
groups thereof, overcollateralization which results from the excess of the
aggregate principal balance of the related Assets, or a group thereof, over
the principal balance of the related class or classes of Securities. Such
acceleration may continue for the life of the related Security, or may be
limited. In the case of limited acceleration, once the required level of
overcollateralization is reached, and subject to certain provisions specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, such limited acceleration feature may
cease, unless necessary to maintain the required level of
overcollateralization.
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CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE LOANS
The following discussion contains summaries, which are general in nature, of
certain legal aspects of loans secured by single-family or multi-family
residential properties. Because such legal aspects are governed primarily by
applicable state law (which laws may differ substantially), the summaries do
not purport to be complete nor to reflect the laws of any particular state,
nor to encompass the laws of all states in which the security for the Mortgage
Loans is situated. The summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference
to the applicable federal and state laws governing the Mortgage Loans. In this
regard, the following discussion does not fully reflect federal regulations
with respect to FHA Loans and VA Loans. See "Description of The Trust Funds--
FHA Loans and VA Loans," "Description of the Agreements--Material Terms of the
Pooling and Servicing Agreements and Underlying Servicing Agreements--FHA
Insurance and VA Guarantees" and "Description of the Trust Funds--Assets."
GENERAL
All of the Mortgage Loans are loans evidenced by a note or bond and secured
by instruments granting a security interest in real property which may be
mortgages, deeds of trust, security deeds or deeds to secure debt, depending
upon the prevailing practice and law in the state in which the Mortgaged
Property is located. Mortgages, deeds of trust and deeds to secure debt are
herein collectively referred to as "mortgages." Any of the foregoing types of
mortgages will create a lien upon, or grant a title interest in, the subject
property, the priority of which will depend on the terms of the particular
security instrument, as well as separate, recorded, contractual arrangements
with others holding interests in the mortgaged property, the knowledge of the
parties to such instrument as well as the order of recordation of the
instrument in the appropriate public recording office. However, recording does
not generally establish priority over governmental claims for real estate
taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under governmental police
powers.
TYPES OF MORTGAGE INSTRUMENTS
A mortgage either creates a lien against or constitutes a conveyance of real
property between two parties--a mortgagor (the borrower and usually the owner
of the subject property) and a mortgagee (the lender). In contrast, a deed of
trust is a three-party instrument, among a trustor (the equivalent of a
mortgagor), a trustee to whom the mortgaged property is conveyed, and a
beneficiary (the lender) for whose benefit the conveyance is made. As used in
this Prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, "MORTGAGOR" includes
the trustor under a deed of trust and a grantor under a security deed or a
deed to secure debt. Under a deed of trust, the mortgagor grants the property,
irrevocably until the debt is paid, in trust, generally with a power of sale
as security for the indebtedness evidenced by the related note. A deed to
secure debt typically has two parties. By executing a deed to secure debt, the
grantor conveys title to, as opposed to merely creating a lien upon, the
subject property to the grantee until such time as the underlying debt is
repaid, generally with a power of sale as security for the indebtedness
evidenced by the related mortgage note. In case the mortgagor under a mortgage
is a land trust, there would be an additional party because legal title to the
property is held by a land trustee under a land trust agreement for the
benefit of the mortgagor. At origination of a mortgage loan involving a land
trust, the mortgagor executes a separate undertaking to make payments on the
mortgage note. The mortgagee's authority under a mortgage, the trustee's
authority under a deed of trust and the grantee's authority under a deed to
secure debt are governed by the express provisions of the mortgage, the law of
the state in which the real property is located, certain federal laws
(including, without limitation, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of
1940) and, in some cases, in deed of trust transactions, the directions of the
beneficiary.
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The Mortgages that encumber Multifamily Properties may contain an assignment
of rents and leases, pursuant to which the Mortgagor assigns to the lender the
Mortgagor's right, title and interest as landlord under each lease and the
income derived therefrom, while retaining a revocable license to collect the
rents for so long as there is no default. If the Mortgagor defaults, the
license terminates and the lender is entitled to collect the rents. Local law
may require that the lender take possession of the property and/or obtain a
court-appointed receiver before becoming entitled to collect the rents.
INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY
The real property covered by a mortgage, deed of trust, security deed or
deed to secure debt is most often the fee estate in land and improvements.
However, such an instrument may encumber other interests in real property such
as a tenant's interest in a lease of land or improvements, or both, and the
leasehold estate created by such lease. An instrument covering an interest in
real property other than the fee estate requires special provisions in the
instrument creating such interest or in the mortgage, deed of trust, security
deed or deed to secure debt, to protect the mortgagee against termination of
such interest before the mortgage, deed of trust, security deed or deed to
secure debt is paid. The Depositor, the Asset Seller or other entity specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement will make certain representations and
warranties in the Agreement or certain representations and warranties will be
assigned to the Trustee with respect to any Mortgage Loans that are secured by
an interest in a leasehold estate. Such representation and warranties, if
applicable, will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
COOPERATIVE LOANS
If specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of Offered
Securities, the Mortgage Loans may also consist of cooperative apartment loans
("COOPERATIVE LOANS") secured by security interests in shares issued by a
cooperative housing corporation (a "COOPERATIVE") and in the related
proprietary leases or occupancy agreements granting exclusive rights to occupy
specific dwelling units in the cooperatives' buildings. The security agreement
will create a lien upon, or grant a title interest in, the property which it
covers, the priority of which will depend on the terms of the particular
security agreement as well as the order of recordation of the agreement in the
appropriate recording office. Such a lien or title interest is not prior to
the lien for real estate taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under
governmental police powers.
Each Cooperative owns in fee or has a leasehold interest in all the real
property and owns in fee or leases the building and all separate dwelling
units therein. The Cooperative is directly responsible for property management
and, in most cases, payment of real estate taxes, other governmental
impositions and hazard and liability insurance. If there is a blanket mortgage
or mortgages on the cooperative apartment building or underlying land, as is
generally the case, or an underlying lease of the land, as is the case in some
instances, the Cooperative, as property mortgagor, or lessee, as the case may
be, is also responsible for meeting these mortgage or rental obligations. A
blanket mortgage is ordinarily incurred by the cooperative in connection with
either the construction or purchase of the Cooperative's apartment building or
obtaining of capital by the Cooperative. The interest of the occupant under
proprietary leases or occupancy agreements as to which that Cooperative is the
landlord are generally subordinate to the interest of the holder of a blanket
mortgage and to the interest of the holder of a land lease. If the Cooperative
is unable to meet the payment obligations (i) arising under a blanket
mortgage, the mortgagee holding a blanket mortgage could foreclose on that
mortgage and terminate all subordinate proprietary leases and occupancy
agreements or (ii) arising under its
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land lease, the holder of the landlord's interest under the land lease could
terminate it and all subordinate proprietary leases and occupancy agreements.
Also, a blanket mortgage on a cooperative may provide financing in the form of
a mortgage that does not fully amortize, with a significant portion of
principal being due in one final payment at maturity. The inability of the
Cooperative to refinance a mortgage and its consequent inability to make such
final payment could lead to foreclosure by the mortgagee. Similarly, a land
lease has an expiration date and the inability of the Cooperative to extend
its term or, in the alternative, to purchase the land could lead to
termination of the Cooperative's interest in the property and termination of
all proprietary leases and occupancy agreement. In either event, a foreclosure
by the holder of a blanket mortgage or the termination of the underlying lease
could eliminate or significantly diminish the value of any collateral held by
the lender that financed the purchase by an individual tenant stockholder of
cooperative shares or, in the case of the Mortgage Loans, the collateral
securing the Cooperative Loans.
The Cooperative is owned by tenant-stockholders who, through ownership of
stock or shares in the corporation, receive proprietary lease or occupancy
agreements which confer exclusive rights to occupy specific units. Generally,
a tenant-stockholder of a Cooperative must make a monthly payment to the
Cooperative representing such tenant-stockholder's pro rata share of the
Cooperative's payments for its blanket mortgage, real property taxes,
maintenance expenses and other capital or ordinary expenses. An ownership
interest in a Cooperative and accompanying occupancy rights are financed
through a Cooperative Loan evidenced by a promissory note and secured by an
assignment of and a security interest in the occupancy agreement or
proprietary lease and a security interest in the related Cooperative shares.
The lender generally takes possession of the share certificate and a
counterpart of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and a financing
statement covering the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the
cooperative shares is filed in the appropriate state and local offices to
perfect the lender's interest in its collateral. Subject to the limitations
discussed below, upon default of the tenant-stockholder, the lender may sue
for judgment on the promissory note, dispose of the collateral at a public or
private sale or otherwise proceed against the collateral or tenant-stockholder
as an individual as provided in the security agreement covering the assignment
of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the pledge of Cooperative
shares. See "Foreclosure--Cooperative Loans" below.
LAND SALE CONTRACTS
Under an installment land sale contract for the sale of real estate (a "LAND
SALE CONTRACT" ) the contract seller (hereinafter referred to as the "CONTRACT
LENDER" ) retains legal title to the property and enters into an agreement
with the contract purchaser (hereinafter referred to as the "CONTRACT
BORROWER" ) for the payment of the purchase price, plus interest, over the
term of the land sale contract. Only after full performance by the borrower of
the contract is the contract lender obligated to convey title to the real
estate to the purchaser. As with mortgage or deed of trust financing, during
the effective period of the land sale contract, the contract borrower is
responsible for maintaining the property in good condition and for paying real
estate taxes, assessments and hazard insurance premiums associated with the
property.
The method of enforcing the rights of the contract lender under an
installment contract varies on a state-by-state basis depending upon the
extent to which state courts are willing, or able pursuant to state statute,
to enforce the contract strictly according to its terms. The terms of land
sale contracts generally provide that upon default by the contract borrower,
the borrower loses his or her right to occupy the property, the entire
indebtedness is accelerated, and the buyer's equitable interest in the
property is forfeited. The contract lender in such a situation does not have
to foreclose in order to obtain title to the property, although in some
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cases a quiet title action is in order if the contract borrower has filed the
land sale contract in local land records and an ejectment action may be
necessary to recover possession. In a few states, particularly in cases of
contract borrower default during the early years of a land sale contract, the
courts will permit ejectment of the buyer and a forfeiture of his or her
interest in the property. However, most state legislatures have enacted
provisions by analogy to mortgage law protecting borrowers under land sale
contracts from the harsh consequences of forfeiture. Under such statues, a
judicial contract may be reinstated upon full payment of the default amount
and the borrower may have a post-foreclosure statutory redemption right. In
other states, courts in equity may permit a contract borrower with significant
investment in the property under a land sale contract for the sale of real
estate to share the proceeds of sale of the property after the indebtedness is
repaid or may otherwise refuse to enforce the forfeiture clause. Nevertheless,
generally speaking, the contract lender's procedures for obtaining possession
and clear title under a land sale contract for the sale of real estate in a
given state are simpler and less time consuming and costly than are the
procedures for foreclosing and obtaining clear title to a mortgaged property.
FORECLOSURE
General
Foreclosure is a legal procedure that allows the mortgagee to recover its
mortgage debt by enforcing its rights and available legal remedies under the
mortgage. If the mortgagor defaults in payment or performance of its
obligations under the note or mortgage, the mortgagee has the right to
institute foreclosure proceedings to sell the mortgaged property at public
auction to satisfy the indebtedness.
Foreclosure procedures with respect to the enforcement of a mortgage vary
from state to state. Two primary methods of foreclosing a mortgage are
judicial foreclosure and non-judicial foreclosure pursuant to a power of sale
granted in the mortgage instrument. There are several other foreclosure
procedures available in some states that are either infrequently used or
available only in certain limited circumstances, such as strict foreclosure.
Judicial Foreclosure
A judicial foreclosure proceeding is conducted in a court having
jurisdiction over the mortgaged property. Generally, the action is initiated
by the service of legal pleadings upon all parties having an interest of
record in the real property. Delays in completion of the foreclosure may
occasionally result from difficulties in locating defendants. When the
lender's right to foreclose is contested, the legal proceedings can be time-
consuming. Upon successful completion of a judicial foreclosure proceeding,
the court generally issues a judgment of foreclosure and appoints a referee or
other officer to conduct a public sale of the mortgaged property, the proceeds
of which are used to satisfy the judgment. Such sales are made in accordance
with procedures that vary from state to state.
Equitable Limitations on Enforceability of Certain Provisions
United States courts have traditionally imposed general equitable principles
to limit the remedies available to a mortgagee in connection with foreclosure.
These equitable principles are generally designed to relieve the mortgagor
from the legal effect of mortgage defaults, to the extent that such effect is
perceived as harsh or unfair. Relying on such principles, a court may alter
the specific terms of a loan to the extent it considers necessary to prevent
or remedy an injustice, undue oppression or overreaching, or may require the
lender to undertake affirmative and expensive actions to determine the cause
of the mortgagor's default and the
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likelihood that the mortgagor will be able to reinstate the loan. In some
cases, courts have substituted their judgment for the lender's and have
required that lenders reinstate loans or recast payment schedules in order to
accommodate mortgagors who are suffering from a temporary financial
disability. In other cases, courts have limited the right of the lender to
foreclose if the default under the mortgage is not monetary, e.g., the
mortgagor failed to maintain the mortgaged property adequately or the
mortgagor executed a junior mortgage on the mortgaged property. The exercise
by the court of its equity powers will depend on the individual circumstances
of each case presented to it. Finally, some courts have been faced with the
issue of whether federal or state constitutional provisions reflecting due
process concerns for adequate notice require that a mortgagor receive notice
in addition to statutorily-prescribed minimum notice. For the most part, these
cases have upheld the reasonableness of the notice provisions or have found
that a public sale under a mortgage providing for a power of sale does not
involve sufficient state action to afford constitutional protections to the
mortgagor.
Non-Judicial Foreclosure/Power of Sale
Foreclosure of a deed of trust is generally accomplished by a non-judicial
trustee's sale pursuant to the power of sale granted in the deed of trust. A
power of sale is typically granted in a deed of trust. It may also be
contained in any other type of mortgage instrument. A power of sale allows a
non-judicial public sale to be conducted generally following a request from
the beneficiary/lender to the trustee to sell the property upon any default by
the mortgagor under the terms of the mortgage note or the mortgage instrument
and after notice of sale is given in accordance with the terms of the mortgage
instrument, as well as applicable state law. In some states, prior to such
sale, the trustee under a deed of trust must record a notice of default and
notice of sale and send a copy to the mortgagor and to any other party who has
recorded a request for a copy of a notice of default and notice of sale. In
addition, in some states the trustee must provide notice to any other party
having an interest of record in the real property, including junior
lienholders. A notice of sale must be posted in a public place and, in most
states, published for a specified period of time in one or more newspapers.
The mortgagor or junior lienholder may then have the right, during a
reinstatement period required in some states, to cure the default by paying
the entire actual amount in arrears (without acceleration) plus the expenses
incurred in enforcing the obligation. In other states, the mortgagor or the
junior lienholder is not provided a period to reinstate the loan, but has only
the right to pay off the entire debt to prevent the foreclosure sale.
Generally, the procedure for public sale, the parties entitled to notice, the
method of giving notice and the applicable time periods are governed by state
law and vary among the states. Foreclosure of a deed to secure debt is also
generally accomplished by a non-judicial sale similar to that required by a
deed of trust, except that the lender or its agent, rather than a trustee, is
typically empowered to perform the sale in accordance with the terms of the
deed to secure debt and applicable law.
Public Sale
A third party may be unwilling to purchase a mortgaged property at a public
sale because of the difficulty in determining the value of such property at
the time of sale, due to, among other things, redemption rights which may
exist and the possibility of physical deterioration of the property during the
foreclosure proceedings. For these reasons, it is common for the lender to
purchase the mortgaged property for an amount equal to or less than the
underlying debt and accrued and unpaid interest plus the expenses of
foreclosure. Generally, state law controls the amount of foreclosure costs and
expenses which may be recovered by a lender. Thereafter, subject to the
mortgagor's right in some states to remain in possession during a redemption
period, if applicable, the lender will become the owner of the property and
have both the benefits and burdens of ownership of the mortgaged property. For
example, the lender will
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become obligated to pay taxes, obtain casualty insurance and to make such
repairs at its own expense as are necessary to render the property suitable
for sale. The lender will commonly obtain the services of a real estate broker
and pay the broker's commission in connection with the sale of the property.
Depending upon market conditions, the ultimate proceeds of the sale of the
property may not equal the lender's investment in the property. Moreover, a
lender commonly incurs substantial legal fees and court costs in acquiring a
mortgaged property through contested foreclosure and/or bankruptcy
proceedings. Generally, state law controls the amount of foreclosure expenses
and costs, including attorneys' fees, that may be recovered by a lender.
A junior mortgagee may not foreclose on the property securing the junior
mortgage unless it forecloses subject to senior mortgages and any other prior
liens, in which case it may be obliged to make payments on the senior
mortgages to avoid their foreclosure. In addition, in the event that the
foreclosure of a junior mortgage triggers the enforcement of a "due-on-sale"
clause contained in a senior mortgage, the junior mortgagee may be required to
pay the full amount of the senior mortgage to avoid its foreclosure.
Accordingly, with respect to those Mortgage Loans, if any, that are junior
mortgage loans, if the lender purchases the property the lender's title will
be subject to all senior mortgages, prior liens and certain governmental
liens.
The proceeds received by the referee or trustee from the sale are applied
first to the costs, fees and expenses of sale and then in satisfaction of the
indebtedness secured by the mortgage under which the sale was conducted. Any
proceeds remaining after satisfaction of senior mortgage debt are generally
payable to the holders of junior mortgages and other liens and claims in order
of their priority, whether or not the mortgagor is in default. Any additional
proceeds are generally payable to the mortgagor. The payment of the proceeds
to the holders of junior mortgages may occur in the foreclosure action of the
senior mortgage or a subsequent ancillary proceeding or may require the
institution of separate legal proceedings by such holders.
Rights of Redemption
The purposes of a foreclosure action are to enable the mortgagee to realize
upon its security and to bar the mortgagor, and all persons who have an
interest in the property which is subordinate to the mortgage being
foreclosed, from exercise of their "equity of redemption." The doctrine of
equity of redemption provides that, until the property covered by a mortgage
has been sold in accordance with a properly conducted foreclosure and
foreclosure sale, those having an interest which is subordinate to that of the
foreclosing mortgagee have an equity of redemption and may redeem the property
by paying the entire debt with interest. In addition, in some states, when a
foreclosure action has been commenced, the redeeming party must pay certain
costs of such action. Those having an equity of redemption must generally be
made parties and joined in the foreclosure proceeding in order for their
equity of redemption to be cut off and terminated.
The equity of redemption is a common-law (non-statutory) right which exists
prior to completion of the foreclosure, is not waivable by the mortgagor, must
be exercised prior to foreclosure sale and should be distinguished from the
post-sale statutory rights of redemption. In some states, after sale pursuant
to a deed of trust or foreclosure of a mortgage, the mortgagor and foreclosed
junior lienors are given a statutory period in which to redeem the property
from the foreclosure sale. In some states, statutory redemption may occur only
upon payment of the foreclosure sale price. In other states, redemption may be
authorized if the former mortgagor pays only a portion of the sums due. The
effect of a statutory right of redemption is to diminish the ability of the
lender to sell the foreclosed property. The exercise
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of a right of redemption would defeat the title of any purchaser from a
foreclosure sale or sale under a deed of trust. Consequently, the practical
effect of the redemption right is to force the lender to maintain the property
and pay the expenses of ownership until the redemption period has expired. In
some states, a post-sale statutory right of redemption may exist following a
judicial foreclosure, but not following a trustee's sale under a deed of
trust.
Under the REMIC Provisions currently in effect, property acquired by
foreclosure generally must not be held for more than two years. With respect
to a series of Securities for which an election is made to qualify the Trust
Fund or a part thereof as a REMIC, the Agreement will permit foreclosed
property to be held for more than two years if the Internal Revenue Service
grants an extension of time within which to sell such property or independent
counsel renders an opinion to the effect that holding such property for such
additional period is permissible under the REMIC Provisions.
Cooperative Loans
The Cooperative shares owned by the tenant-stockholder and pledged to the
lender are, in almost all cases, subject to restrictions on transfer as set
forth in the Cooperative's certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as
the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, and may be canceled by the
Cooperative for failure by the tenant-stockholder to pay rent or other
obligations or charges owed by such tenant-stockholder, including mechanics'
liens against the cooperative apartment building incurred by such tenant-
stockholder. The proprietary lease or occupancy agreement generally permit the
Cooperative to terminate such lease or agreement in the event an obligor fails
to make payments or defaults in the performance of covenants required
thereunder. Typically, the lender and the Cooperative enter into a recognition
agreement which establishes the rights and obligations of both parties in the
event of a default by the tenant-stockholder under the proprietary lease or
occupancy agreement will usually constitute a default under the security
agreement between the lender and the tenant-stockholder.
The recognition agreement generally provides that, in the event that the
tenant-stockholder has defaulted under the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement, the Cooperative will take no action to terminate such lease or
agreement until the lender has been provided with an opportunity to cure the
default. The recognition agreement typically provides that if the proprietary
lease or occupancy agreement is terminated, the Cooperative will recognize the
lender's lien against proceeds from the sale of the Cooperative apartment,
subject, however, to the Cooperative's right to sums due under such
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. The total amount owed to the
Cooperative by the tenant-stockholder, which the lender generally cannot
restrict and does not monitor, could reduce the value of the collateral below
the outstanding principal balance of the Cooperative Loan and accrued and
unpaid interest thereon.
Recognition agreements also provide that in the event of a foreclosure on a
Cooperative Loan, the lender must obtain the approval or consent of the
Cooperative as required by the proprietary lease before transferring the
Cooperative shares or assigning the proprietary lease. Generally, the lender
is not limited in any rights it may have to dispossess the tenant-
stockholders.
In some states, foreclosure on the Cooperative shares is accomplished by a
sale in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of the UCC and the
security agreement relating to those shares. Article 9 of the UCC requires
that a sale be conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner. Whether a
foreclosure sale has been conducted in a "commercially
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reasonable" manner will depend on the facts in each case. In determining
commercial reasonableness, a court will look to the notice given the debtor
and the method, manner, time, place and terms of the foreclosure. Generally, a
sale conducted according to the usual practice of banks selling similar
collateral will be considered reasonably conducted.
Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be applied
first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the
indebtedness secured by the lender's security interest. The recognition
agreement, however, generally provides that the lender's right to
reimbursement is subject to the right of the Cooperatives to receive sums due
under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. If there are proceeds
remaining, the lender must account to the tenant-stockholder for the surplus.
Conversely, if a portion of the indebtedness remains unpaid, the tenant-
stockholder is generally responsible for the deficiency.
In the case of foreclosure on a building which was converted from a rental
building to a building owned by a Cooperative under a non-eviction plan, some
states require that a purchaser at a foreclosure sale take the property
subject to rent control and rent stabilization laws which apply to certain
tenants who elected to remain in a building so converted.
JUNIOR MORTGAGES
Some of the Mortgage Loans may be secured by junior mortgages or deeds of
trust, which are subordinate to first or other senior mortgages or deeds of
trust held by other lenders. The rights of the Trust Fund as the holder of a
junior deed of trust or a junior mortgage are subordinate in lien and in
payment to those of the holder of the senior mortgage or deed of trust,
including the prior rights of the senior mortgagee or beneficiary to receive
and apply hazard insurance and condemnation proceeds and, upon default of the
mortgagor, to cause a foreclosure on the property. Upon completion of the
foreclosure proceedings by the holder of the senior mortgage or the sale
pursuant to the deed of trust, the junior mortgagee's or junior beneficiary's
lien will be extinguished unless the junior lienholder satisfies the defaulted
senior loan or asserts its subordinate interest in a property in foreclosure
proceedings. See "--Foreclosure" herein.
Furthermore, because the terms of the junior mortgage or deed of trust are
subordinate to the terms of the first mortgage or deed of trust, in the event
of a conflict between the terms of the first mortgage or deed of trust and the
junior mortgage or deed of trust, the terms of the first mortgage or deed of
trust will generally govern. Upon a failure of the mortgagor or trustor to
perform any of its obligations, the senior mortgagee or beneficiary, subject
to the terms of the senior mortgage or deed of trust, may have the right to
perform the obligation itself. Generally, all sums so expended by the
mortgagee or beneficiary become part of the indebtedness secured by the
mortgage or deed of trust. To the extent a first mortgagee expends such sums,
such sums will generally have priority over all sums due under the junior
mortgage.
ANTI-DEFICIENCY LEGISLATION AND OTHER LIMITATIONS ON LENDERS
Statutes in some states limit the right of a beneficiary under a deed of
trust or a mortgagee under a mortgage to obtain a deficiency judgment against
the mortgagor following foreclosure or sale under a deed of trust. A
deficiency judgment would be a personal judgment against the former mortgagor
equal to the difference between the net amount realized upon the public sale
of the real property and the amount due to the lender. Some states require the
lender to exhaust the security afforded under a mortgage by foreclosure in an
attempt to satisfy the full debt before bringing a personal action against the
mortgagor. In certain other states, the lender has the option of bringing a
personal action against the mortgagor on the debt without first exhausting
such security; however, in some of these states, the lender, following
judgment on
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such personal action, may be deemed to have elected a remedy and may be
precluded from exercising remedies with respect to the security. In some
cases, a lender will be precluded from exercising any additional rights under
the note or mortgage if it has taken any prior enforcement action.
Consequently, the practical effect of the election requirement, in those
states permitting such election, is that lenders will usually proceed against
the security first rather than bringing a personal action against the
mortgagor. Finally, other statutory provisions limit any deficiency judgment
against the former mortgagor following a judicial sale to the excess of the
outstanding debt over the fair market value of the property at the time of the
public sale. The purpose of these statutes is generally to prevent a lender
from obtaining a large deficiency judgment against the former mortgagor as a
result of low or no bids at the judicial sale.
In addition to anti-deficiency and related legislation, numerous other
federal and state statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy laws
and state laws affording relief to debtors, may interfere with or affect the
ability of a secured mortgage lender to realize upon its security. For
example, numerous statutory provisions under the United States Bankruptcy
Code, 11 U.S.C. Sections 101 ET SEQ., (the "BANKRUPTCY CODE") may interfere
with or affect the ability of the secured mortgage lender to obtain payment of
a Mortgage Loan, to realize upon collateral and/or enforce a deficiency
judgment. For example, under federal bankruptcy law, virtually all actions
(including foreclosure actions and deficiency judgment proceedings) are
automatically stayed upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition, and often no
interest or principal payments are made during the course of the bankruptcy
proceeding. In a case under the Bankruptcy Code, the secured party is
precluded from foreclosing without authorization from the bankruptcy court. In
addition, a court with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction may permit a debtor
through his or her Chapter 11 or Chapter 13 plan to cure a monetary default in
respect of a Mortgage Loan by paying arrearages within a reasonable time
period and reinstating the original mortgage loan payment schedule even though
the lender accelerated the mortgage loan and final judgment of foreclosure had
been entered in state court (provided no foreclosure sale had yet occurred)
prior to the filing of the debtor's petition. Some courts with federal
bankruptcy jurisdiction have approved plans, based on the particular facts of
the case, that effected the curing of a mortgage loan default by paying
arrearages over a number of years.
If a Mortgage Loan is secured by property not consisting solely of the
debtor's principal residence, the Bankruptcy Code also permits such Mortgage
Loan to be modified. Such modifications may include reducing the amount of
each monthly payment, changing the rate of interest, altering the repayment
schedule, and reducing the lender's security interest to the value of the
property, thus leaving the lender in the position of a general unsecured
creditor for the difference between the value of the property and the
outstanding balance of the Mortgage Loan. Some courts have permitted such
modifications when the Mortgage Loan is secured both by the debtor's principal
residence and by personal property.
In the case of income-producing Multifamily Properties, federal bankruptcy
law may also have the effect of interfering with or affecting the ability of
the secured lender to enforce the borrower's assignment of rents and leases
related to the mortgaged property. Under Section 362 of the Bankruptcy Code,
the lender will be stayed from enforcing the assignment, and the legal
proceedings necessary to resolve the issue could be time-consuming, with
resulting delays in the lender's receipt of the rents.
Certain tax liens arising under the Code may in certain circumstances
provide priority over the lien of a mortgage or deed of trust. In addition,
substantive requirements are imposed upon mortgage lenders in connection with
the origination and the servicing of mortgage loans by numerous federal and
some state consumer protection laws. These laws include the federal
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Truth-in-Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Equal Credit
Opportunity Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act and
related statutes. These federal laws impose specific statutory liabilities
upon lenders who originate mortgage loans and who fail to comply with the
provisions of the law. In some cases this liability may affect assignees of
the mortgage loans.
Generally, Article 9 of the UCC governs foreclosure on Cooperative shares
and the related proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. Some courts have
interpreted section 9-504 of the UCC to prohibit a deficiency award unless the
creditor establishes that the sale of the collateral (which, in the case of a
Cooperative Loan, would be the shares of the Cooperative and the related
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement) was conducted in a commercially
reasonable manner.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
A lender may be subject to unforeseen environmental risks when taking a
security interest in real or personal property. Property subject to such a
security interest may be subject to federal, state, and local laws and
regulations relating to environmental protection. Such laws may regulate,
among other things: emissions of air pollutants; discharges of wastewater or
storm water; generation, transport, storage or disposal of hazardous waste or
hazardous substances; operation, closure and removal of underground storage
tanks; removal and disposal of asbestos-containing materials; management of
electrical or other equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls ("PCBS").
Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in significant
penalties, including civil and criminal fines. Under the laws of certain
states, environmental contamination on a property may give rise to a lien on
the property to ensure the availability and/or reimbursement of cleanup costs.
Generally all subsequent liens on such property are subordinated to such a
lien and, in some states, even prior recorded liens are subordinated to such
liens ("SUPERLIENS"). In the latter states, the security interest of the
Trustee in a property that is subject to such Superlien could be adversely
affected.
Under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act, as amended ( "CERCLA"), and under state law in certain states,
a secured party which takes a deed in lieu of foreclosure, purchases a
mortgaged property at a foreclosure sale, operates a mortgaged property or
undertakes certain types of activities that may constitute management of the
mortgaged property may become liable in certain circumstances for the costs of
remedial action ("CLEANUP COSTS") if hazardous wastes or hazardous substances
have been released or disposed of on the property. Such Cleanup Costs may be
substantial. CERCLA imposes strict, as well as joint and several liability for
environmental remediation and/or damage costs on several classes of
"potentially responsible parties," including current "owners and/or operators"
of property, irrespective of whether those owners or operators caused or
contributed to the contamination on the property. In addition, owners and
operators of properties that generate hazardous substances that are disposed
of at other "off-site" locations may be held strictly, jointly and severally
liable for environmental remediation and/or damages at those off-site
locations. Many states also have laws that are similar to CERCLA. Liability
under CERCLA or under similar state law could exceed the value of the property
itself as well as the aggregate assets of the property owner.
The law is unclear as to whether and under what precise circumstances
cleanup costs, or the obligation to take remedial actions, could be imposed on
a secured lender such as the Trust Fund. Under the laws of some states and
under CERCLA, a lender may be liable as an "owner or operator" for costs of
addressing releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances on
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a mortgaged property if such lender or its agents or employees have
"participated in the management" of the operations of the borrower, even
though the environmental damage or threat was caused by a prior owner or
current owner or operator or other third party. Excluded from CERCLA's
definition of "owner or operator" is a person "who without participating in
the management of . . . [the] facility, holds indicia of ownership primarily
to protect his security interest" (the "SECURED-CREDITOR EXEMPTION"). This
exemption for holders of a security interest such as a secured lender applies
only to the extent that a lender seeks to protect its security interest in the
contaminated facility or property. Thus, if a lender's activities begin to
encroach on the actual management of such facility or property, the lender
faces potential liability as an "owner or operator" under CERCLA. Similarly,
when a lender forecloses and takes title to a contaminated facility or
property, the lender may incur potential CERCLA liability in various
circumstances, including among others, when it holds the facility or property
as an investment (including leasing the facility or property to a third
party), fails to market the property in a timely fashion or fails to properly
address environmental conditions at the property or facility.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended ("RCRA"), contains a
similar secured-creditor exemption for those lenders who hold a security
interest in a petroleum underground storage tank ("UST") or in real estate
containing a UST, or that acquire title to a petroleum UST or facility or
property on which such a UST is located. As under CERCLA, a lender may lose
its secured-creditor exemption and be held liable under RCRA as a UST owner or
operator if such lender or its employees or agents participate in the
management of the UST. In addition, if the lender takes title to or possession
of the UST or the real estate containing the UST, under certain circumstances
the secured-creditor exemption may be deemed to be unavailable.
A decision in May 1990 of the United States Court of Appeals for the
Eleventh Circuit in UNITED STATES V. FLEET FACTORS CORP. very narrowly
construed CERCLA's secured-creditor exemption. The court's opinion suggested
that a lender need not have involved itself in the day-to-day operations of
the facility or participated in decisions relating to hazardous waste to be
liable under CERCLA; rather, liability could attach to a lender if its
involvement with the management of the facility were broad enough to support
the inference that the lender had the capacity to influence the borrower's
treatment of hazardous waste. The court added that a lender's capacity to
influence such decisions could be inferred from the extent of its involvement
in the facility's financial management. A subsequent decision by the United
States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in IN RE BERGSOE METAL CORP.,
apparently disagreeing with, but not expressly contradicting, the FLEET
FACTORS court, held that a secured lender had no liability absent "some actual
management of the facility" on the part of the lender.
Court decisions have taken varying views of the scope of the secured-
creditor exemption, leading to administrative and legislative efforts to
provide guidance to lenders on the scope of activities that would trigger
CERCLA and/or RCRA liability. Until recently, these efforts have failed to
provide substantial guidance.
On September 28, 1996, however, Congress enacted, and on September 30, 1996
the President signed into law the Asset Conservation Lender Liability and
Deposit Insurance Protection Act of 1996 (the "ASSET CONSERVATION ACT"). The
Asset Conservation Act was intended to clarify the scope of the secured
creditor exemption under both CERCLA and RCRA. The Asset Conservation Act more
explicitly defined the kinds of "participation in management" that would
trigger liability under CERCLA and specified certain activities that would not
constitute "participation in management" or otherwise result in a forfeiture
of the secured-creditor exemption prior to foreclosure or during a workout
period. The Asset Conservation Act also clarified the extent of protection
against liability under CERCLA in the event of foreclosure and
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authorized certain regulatory clarifications of the scope of the secured-
creditor exemption for purposes of RCRA, similar to the statutory protections
under CERCLA. However, since the courts have not yet had the opportunity to
interpret the new statutory provisions, the scope of the additional
protections offered by the Asset Conservation Act is not fully defined. It
also is important to note that the Asset Conservation Act does not offer
complete protection to lenders and that the risk of liability remains.
If a secured lender does become liable, it may be entitled to bring an
action for contribution against the owner or operator who created the
environmental contamination or against some other liable party, but that
person or entity may be bankrupt or otherwise judgment-proof. It is therefore
possible that cleanup or other environmental liability costs could become a
liability of the Trust Fund and occasion a loss to the Trust Fund and to
Securityholders in certain circumstances. The new secured creditor amendments
to CERCLA, also, would not necessarily affect the potential for liability in
actions by either a state or a private party under other federal or state laws
which may impose liability on "owners or operators" but do not incorporate the
secured-creditor exemption.
Traditionally, residential mortgage lenders have not taken steps to evaluate
whether hazardous wastes or hazardous substances are present with respect to
any mortgaged property prior to the origination of the mortgage loan or prior
to foreclosure or accepting a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Neither the
Depositor nor any Servicer makes any representations or warranties or assumes
any liability with respect to: environmental conditions of such Mortgaged
Property; the absence, presence or effect of hazardous wastes or hazardous
substances on, near or emanating from such Mortgaged Property; the impact on
Securityholders of any environmental condition or presence of any substance on
or near such Mortgaged Property; or the compliance of any Mortgaged Property
with any environmental laws. In addition, no agent, person or entity otherwise
affiliated with the Depositor is authorized or able to make any such
representation, warranty or assumption of liability relative to any such
Mortgaged Property.
DUE-ON-SALE CLAUSES
The Mortgage Loans may contain due-on-sale clauses. These clauses generally
provide that the lender may accelerate the maturity of the loan if the
mortgagor sells, transfers or conveys the related Mortgaged Property. The
enforceability of due-on-sale clauses has been the subject of legislation or
litigation in many states and, in some cases, the enforceability of these
clauses was limited or denied. However, with respect to certain loans the
Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 (the "GARN-ST. GERMAIN
ACT") preempts state constitutional, statutory and case law that prohibits the
enforcement of due-on-sale clauses and permits lenders to enforce these
clauses in accordance with their terms, subject to certain limited exceptions.
Due-on-sale clauses contained in mortgage loans originated by federal savings
and loan associations of federal savings banks are fully enforceable pursuant
to regulations of the United States Federal Home Loan Bank Board, as succeeded
by the Office of Thrift Supervision, which preempt state law restrictions on
the enforcement of such clauses. Similarly, "due-on-sale" clauses in mortgage
loans made by national banks and federal credit unions are now fully
enforceable pursuant to preemptive regulations of the Comptroller of the
Currency and the National Credit Union Administration, respectively.
The Garn-St. Germain Act also sets forth nine specific instances in which a
mortgage lender covered by the act (including federal savings and loan
associations and federal savings banks) may not exercise a "due-on-sale"
clause, notwithstanding the fact that a transfer of the property may have
occurred. These include intra-family transfers, certain transfers by operation
of law, leases of fewer than three years and the creation of a junior
encumbrance. Regulations
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promulgated under the Garn-St. Germain Act also prohibit the imposition of a
prepayment penalty upon the acceleration of a loan pursuant to a due-on-sale
clause. The inability to enforce a "due-on-sale" clause may result in a
mortgage that bears an interest rate below the current market rate being
assumed by a new home buyer rather than being paid off, which may affect the
average life of the Mortgage Loans and the number of Mortgage Loans which may
extend to maturity.
PREPAYMENT CHARGES
Under certain state laws, prepayment charges may not be imposed after a
certain period of time following the origination of mortgage loans secured by
liens encumbering owner-occupied residential properties, if such loans are
paid prior to maturity. With respect to Mortgaged Properties that are owner-
occupied, it is anticipated that prepayment charges may not be imposed with
respect to many of the Mortgage Loans. The absence of such a restraint on
prepayment, particularly with respect to fixed rate Mortgage Loans having
higher Mortgage Rates, may increase the likelihood of refinancing or other
early retirement of such loans.
SUBORDINATE FINANCING
Where a mortgagor encumbers mortgaged property with one or more junior
liens, the senior lender is subjected to additional risk. First, the mortgagor
may have difficulty servicing and repaying multiple loans. In addition, if the
junior loan permits recourse to the mortgagor (as junior loans often do) and
the senior loan does not, a mortgagor may be more likely to repay sums due on
the junior loan than those on the senior loan. Second, acts of the senior
lender that prejudice the junior lender or impair the junior lender's security
may create a superior equity in favor of the junior lender. For example, if
the mortgagor and the senior lender agree to an increase in the principal
amount of or the interest rate payable on the senior loan, the senior lender
may lose its priority to the extent any existing junior lender is harmed or
the mortgagor is additionally burdened. Third, if the mortgagor defaults on
the senior loan and/or any junior loan or loans, the existence of junior loans
and actions taken by junior lenders can impair the security available to the
senior lender and can interfere with or delay the taking of action by the
senior lender. Moreover, the bankruptcy of a junior lender may operate to stay
foreclosure or similar proceedings by the senior lender.
APPLICABILITY OF USURY LAWS
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
of 1980, enacted in March 1980 ("TITLE V"), provides that state usury
limitations shall not apply to certain types of residential first mortgage
loans originated by certain lenders after March 31, 1980. A similar federal
statute was in effect with respect to mortgage loans made during the first
three months of 1980. The Office of Thrift Supervision is authorized to issue
rules and regulations and to publish interpretations governing implementation
of Title V. The statute authorized any state to reimpose interest rate limits
by adopting, before April 1, 1983, a law or constitutional provision that
expressly rejects application of the federal law. In addition, even where
Title V is not so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to adopt a
provision limiting discount points or other charges on mortgage loans covered
by Title V. Certain states have taken action to reimpose interest rate limits
and/or to limit discount points or other charges.
The Depositor believes that a court interpreting Title V would hold that
residential first mortgage loans that are originated on or after January 1,
1980 are subject to federal preemption. Therefore, in a state that has not
taken the requisite action to reject application of Title V or to adopt a
provision limiting discount points or other charges prior to origination of
such mortgage loans, any such limitation under such state's usury law would
not apply to such mortgage loans.
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In any state in which application of Title V has been expressly rejected or
a provision limiting discount points or other charges is adopted, no mortgage
loan originated after the date of such state action will be eligible for
inclusion in a Trust Fund unless (i) such mortgage loan provides for such
interest rate, discount points and charges as are permitted in such state or
(ii) such mortgage loan provides that the terms thereof shall be construed in
accordance with the laws of another state under which such interest rate,
discount points and charges would not be usurious and the mortgagor's counsel
has rendered an opinion that such choice of law provision would be given
effect.
Statutes differ in their provisions as to the consequences of a usurious
loan. One group of statutes requires the lender to forfeit the interest due
above the applicable limit or impose a specified penalty. Under this statutory
scheme, the mortgagor may cancel the recorded mortgage or deed of trust upon
paying its debt with lawful interest, and the lender may foreclose, but only
for the debt plus lawful interest. A second group of statutes is more severe.
A violation of this type of usury law results in the invalidation of the
transaction, thereby permitting the mortgagor to cancel the recorded mortgage
or deed of trust without any payment or prohibiting the lender from
foreclosing.
ALTERNATIVE MORTGAGE INSTRUMENTS
Alternative mortgage instruments, including adjustable rate mortgage loans
and early ownership mortgage loans, originated by non-federally chartered
lenders have historically been subject to a variety of restrictions. Such
restrictions differed from state to state, resulting in difficulties in
determining whether a particular alternative mortgage instrument originated by
a state-chartered lender was in compliance with applicable law. These
difficulties were alleviated substantially as a result of the enactment of
Title VIII of the Garn-St. Germain Act ("TITLE VIII"). Title VIII provides
that, notwithstanding any state law to the contrary, state-chartered banks may
originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with regulations
promulgated by the Comptroller of the Currency with respect to origination of
alternative mortgage instruments by national banks; state-chartered credit
unions may originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with
regulations promulgated by the National Credit Union Administration with
respect to origination of alternative mortgage instruments by federal credit
unions; and all other non-federally chartered housing creditors, including
state-chartered savings and loan associations, state-chartered savings banks
and mutual savings banks and mortgage banking companies, may originate
alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with the regulations
promulgated by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, predecessor to the Office of
Thrift Supervision, with respect to origination of alternative mortgage
instruments by federal savings and loan associations. Title VIII provides that
any state may reject applicability of the provisions of Title VIII by
adopting, prior to October 15, 1985, a law or constitutional provision
expressly rejecting the applicability of such provisions. Certain states have
taken such action.
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' CIVIL RELIEF ACT OF 1940
Under the terms of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, as
amended (the "RELIEF ACT"), a mortgagor who enters military service after the
origination of such mortgagor's Mortgage Loan (including a mortgagor who was
in reserve status and is called to active duty after origination of the
Mortgage Loan), may not be charged interest (including fees and charges) above
an annual rate of 6% during the period of such mortgagor's active duty status,
unless a court orders otherwise upon application of the lender. The Relief Act
applies to mortgagors who are members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,
National Guard, Reserves, Coast Guard and officers of the U.S. Public Health
Service assigned to duty with the military. Because the Relief Act applies to
mortgagors who enter military service (including reservists
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who are called to active duty) after origination of the related Mortgage Loan,
no information can be provided as to the number of loans that may be affected
by the Relief Act. Application of the Relief Act would adversely affect, for
an indeterminate period of time, the ability of the Servicer to collect full
amounts of interest on certain of the Mortgage Loans. Any shortfalls in
interest collections resulting from the application of the Relief Act would
result in a reduction of the amounts distributable to the holders of the
related series of Securities, and would not be covered by advances. Such
shortfalls will be covered by the Credit Support provided in connection with
such Securities only to the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement. In addition, the Relief Act imposes limitations that would impair
the ability of the Servicer to foreclose on an affected Mortgage Loan during
the mortgagor's period of active duty status, and, under certain
circumstances, during an additional three month period thereafter. Thus, in
the event that such a Mortgage Loan goes into default, there may be delays and
losses occasioned thereby.
FORFEITURES IN DRUG AND RICO PROCEEDINGS
Federal law provides that property owned by persons convicted of drug-
related crimes or of criminal violations of the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations ("RICO") statute can be seized by the government if the
property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds of, such crimes. Under
procedures contained in the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 (the
"CRIME CONTROL ACT"), the government may seize the property even before
conviction. The government must publish notice of the forfeiture proceeding
and may give notice to all parties "known to have an alleged interest in the
property," including the holders of mortgage loans.
A lender may avoid forfeiture of its interest in the property if it
establishes that: (i) its mortgage was executed and recorded before commission
of the crime upon which the forfeiture is based, or (ii) the lender was, at
the time of execution of the mortgage, "reasonably without cause to believe"
that the property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds of, illegal drug
or RICO activities.
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE CONTRACTS
The following discussion contains summaries, which are general in nature, of
certain legal matters relating to the Contracts. Because such legal aspects
are governed primarily by applicable state law (which laws may differ
substantially), the summaries do not purport to be complete nor to reflect the
laws of any particular state, nor to encompass the laws of all states in which
the security for the Contracts is situated. The summaries are qualified in
their entirety by reference to the appropriate laws of the states in which
Contracts may be originated.
GENERAL
As a result of the assignment of the Contracts to the Trustee, the Trustee
will succeed collectively to all of the rights (including the right to receive
payment on the Contracts) of the obligee under the Contracts. Each Contract
evidences both (a) the obligation of the obligor to repay the loan evidenced
thereby, and (b) the grant of a security interest in the Manufactured Home to
secure repayment of such loan. Certain aspects of both features of the
Contracts are described more fully below.
The Contracts generally are "chattel paper" as defined in the Uniform
Commercial Code (the "UCC") in effect in the states in which the Manufactured
Homes initially were registered. Pursuant to the UCC, the sale of chattel
paper is treated in a manner similar to perfection of a security interest in
chattel paper. Under the Agreement, the Servicer will transfer physical
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possession of the Contracts to the Trustee or its custodian or may retain
possession of the Contracts as custodian for the Trustee. In addition, the
Servicer will make an appropriate filing of a UCC-1 financing statement in the
appropriate states to give notice of the Trustee's ownership of the Contracts.
The Contracts will be stamped or marked otherwise to reflect their assignment
from the Depositor to the Trustee only if provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Therefore, if, through negligence, fraud or otherwise, a
subsequent purchaser were able to take physical possession of the Contracts
without notice of such assignment, the Trustee's interest in Contracts could
be defeated.
SECURITY INTERESTS IN THE MANUFACTURED HOMES
The Manufactured Homes securing the Contracts may be located in all 50
states. Security interests in manufactured homes may be perfected either by
notation of the secured party's lien on the certificate of title or by
delivery of the required documents and payment of a fee to the state motor
vehicle authority, depending on state law. In some nontitle states, perfection
pursuant to the provisions of the UCC is required. The Asset Seller may effect
such notation or delivery of the required documents and fees, and obtain
possession of the certificate of title, as appropriate under the laws of the
state in which any manufactured home securing a manufactured housing
conditional sales contract is registered. In the event the Asset Seller fails,
due to clerical error, to effect such notation or delivery, or files the
security interest under the wrong law (for example, under a motor vehicle
title statute rather than under the UCC, in a few states), the Asset Seller
may not have a first priority security interest in the Manufactured Home
securing a Contract. As manufactured homes have become larger and often have
been attached to their sites without any apparent intention to move them,
courts in many states have held that manufactured homes, under certain
circumstances, may become subject to real estate title and recording laws. As
a result, a security interest in a manufactured home could be rendered
subordinate to the interests of other parties claiming an interest in the home
under applicable state real estate law. In order to perfect a security
interest in a manufactured home under real estate laws, the holder of the
security interest must file either a "fixture filing" under the provisions of
the UCC or a real estate mortgage under the real estate laws of the state
where the home is located. These filings must be made in the real estate
records office of the county where the home is located. Substantially all of
the Contracts contain provisions prohibiting the borrower from permanently
attaching the Manufactured Home to its site. So long as the borrower does not
violate this agreement, a security interest in the Manufactured Home will be
governed by the certificate of title laws or the UCC, and the notation of the
security interest on the certificate of title or the filing of a UCC financing
statement will be effective to maintain the priority of the security interest
in the Manufactured Home. If, however, a Manufactured Home is permanently
attached to its site, other parties could obtain an interest in the
Manufactured Home which is prior to the security interest originally retained
by the Asset Seller and transferred to the Depositor. With respect to a series
of Securities and if so described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer may be required to perfect a security interest in the Manufactured
Home under applicable real estate laws. The Warranting Party will represent
that as of the date of the sale to the Depositor it has obtained a perfected
first priority security interest by proper notation or delivery of the
required documents and fees with respect to substantially all of the
Manufactured Homes securing the Contracts.
The Depositor will cause the security interests in the Manufactured Homes to
be assigned to the Trustee on behalf of the Securityholders. The Depositor or
the Trustee will amend the certificates of title (or file UCC-3 statements) to
identify the Trustee as the new secured party, and will deliver the
certificates of title to the Trustee or note thereon the interest of the
Trustee only if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Accordingly,
the Asset Seller (or other originator of the Contracts) will continue to be
named as the secured party on the certificates of
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title relating to the Manufactured Homes. In some states, such assignment is
an effective conveyance of such security interest without amendment of any
lien noted on the related certificate of title and the new secured party
succeeds to Servicer's rights as the secured party. However, in some states,
in the absence of an amendment to the certificate of title (or the filing of a
UCC-3 statement), such assignment of the security interest in the Manufactured
Home may not be held effective or such security interests may not be perfected
and in the absence of such notation or delivery to the Trustee, the assignment
of the security interest in the Manufactured Home may not be effective against
creditors of the Asset Seller (or such other originator of the Contracts) or a
trustee in bankruptcy of the Asset Seller (or such other originator).
In the absence of fraud, forgery or permanent affixation of the Manufactured
Home to its site by the Manufactured Home owner, or administrative error by
state recording officials, the notation of the lien of the Asset Seller (or
other originator of the Contracts) on the certificate of title or delivery of
the required documents and fees will be sufficient to protect the
Securityholders against the rights of subsequent purchasers of a Manufactured
Home or subsequent lenders who take a security interest in the Manufactured
Home. If there are any Manufactured Homes as to which the security interest
assigned to the Trustee is not perfected, such security interest would be
subordinate to, among others, subsequent purchasers for value of Manufactured
Homes and holders of perfected security interests. There also exists a risk in
not identifying the Trustee as the new secured party on the certificate of
title that, through fraud or negligence, the security interest of the Trustee
could be released.
In the event that the owner of a Manufactured Home moves it to a state other
than the state in which such Manufactured Home initially is registered, under
the laws of most states the perfected security interest in the Manufactured
Home would continue for four months after such relocation and thereafter only
if and after the owner re-registers the Manufactured Home in such state. If
the owner were to relocate a Manufactured Home to another state and not re-
register the Manufactured Home in such state, and if steps are not taken to
re-perfect the Trustee's security interest in such state, the security
interest in the Manufactured Home would cease to be perfected. A majority of
states generally require surrender of a certificate of title to re-register a
Manufactured Home; accordingly, the Servicer must surrender possession if it
holds the certificate of title to such Manufactured Home or, in the case of
Manufactured Homes registered in states which provide for notation of lien,
the Asset Seller (or other originator) would receive notice of surrender if
the security interest in the Manufactured Home is noted on the certificate of
title. Accordingly, the Trustee would have the opportunity to re-perfect its
security interest in the Manufactured Home in the state of relocation. In
states which do not require a certificate of title for registration of a
manufactured home, re-registration could defeat perfection. In the ordinary
course of servicing the manufactured housing contracts, the Servicer takes
steps to effect such re-perfection upon receipt of notice of re-registration
or information from the obligor as to relocation. Similarly, when an obligor
under a manufactured housing contract sells a manufactured home, the Servicer
must surrender possession of the certificate of title or, if it is noted as
lienholder on the certificate of title, will receive notice as a result of its
lien noted thereon and accordingly will have an opportunity to require
satisfaction of the related manufactured housing conditional sales contract
before release of the lien. Under the Agreement, the Servicer is obligated to
take such steps, at the Servicer's expense, as are necessary to maintain
perfection of security interests in the Manufactured Homes.
Under the laws of most states, liens for repairs performed on a Manufactured
Home and liens for personal property taxes take priority even over a perfected
security interest. The Warranting Party will represent in the Agreement that
it has no knowledge of any such liens with respect to any Manufactured Home
securing payment on any Contract. However, such
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liens could arise at any time during the term of a Contract. No notice will be
given to the Trustee or Securityholders in the event such a lien arises.
ENFORCEMENT OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN MANUFACTURED HOMES
The Servicer on behalf of the Trustee, to the extent required by the related
Agreement, may take action to enforce the Trustee's security interest with
respect to Contracts in default by repossession and resale of the Manufactured
Homes securing such defaulted Contracts. So long as the Manufactured Home has
not become subject to the real estate law, a creditor can repossess a
Manufactured Home securing a Contract by voluntary surrender, by "self-help"
repossession that is "peaceful" (i.e., without breach of the peace) or, in the
absence of voluntary surrender and the ability to repossess without breach of
the peace, by judicial process. The holder of a Contract must give the debtor
a number of days' notice, which varies from 10 to 30 days depending on the
state, prior to commencement of any repossession. The UCC and consumer
protection laws in most states place restrictions on repossession sales,
including requiring prior notice to the debtor and commercial reasonableness
in effecting such a sale. The law in most states also requires that the debtor
be given notice of any sale prior to resale of the unit so that the debtor may
redeem at or before such resale. In the event of such repossession and resale
of a Manufactured Home, the Trustee would be entitled to be paid out of the
sale proceeds before such proceeds could be applied to the payment of the
claims of unsecured creditors or the holders of subsequently perfected
security interests or, thereafter, to the debtor.
Under the laws applicable in most states, a creditor is entitled to obtain a
deficiency judgment from a debtor for any deficiency on repossession and
resale of the manufactured home securing such debtor's loan. However, some
states impose prohibitions or limitations on deficiency judgments, and in many
cases the defaulting borrower would have no assets with which to pay a
judgment.
Certain other statutory provisions, including federal and state bankruptcy
and insolvency laws and general equitable principles, may limit or delay the
ability of a lender to repossess and resell collateral or enforce a deficiency
judgment.
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' CIVIL RELIEF ACT OF 1940
The terms of the Relief Act apply to an obligor on a Contract as described
for a mortgagor on a Mortgage Loan under "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage
Loans--Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940."
CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS
The so-called "Holder-in-Due-Course" rule of the Federal Trade Commission is
intended to defeat the ability of the transferor of a consumer credit contract
which is the seller of goods which gave rise to the transaction (and certain
related lenders and assignees) to transfer such contract free of notice of
claims by the debtor thereunder. The effect of this rule is to subject the
assignee of such a contract to all claims and defenses which the debtor could
assert against the seller of goods. Liability under this rule is limited to
amounts paid under a Contract; however, the obligor also may be able to assert
the rule to set off remaining amounts due as a defense against a claim brought
by the Trustee against such obligor. Numerous other federal and state consumer
protection laws impose requirements applicable to the origination and lending
pursuant to the Contracts, including the Truth in Lending Act, the Federal
Trade Commission Act, the Fair Credit Billing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting
Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
and the Uniform Consumer Credit Code. In the case of some of these laws, the
failure to comply with their provisions may affect the enforceability of the
related Contract.
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TRANSFERS OF MANUFACTURED HOMES; ENFORCEABILITY OF "DUE-ON-SALE" CLAUSES
The Contracts, in general, prohibit the sale or transfer of the related
Manufactured Homes without the consent of the Servicer and permit the
acceleration of the maturity of the Contracts by the Servicer upon any such
sale or transfer that is not consented to. Generally, it is expected that the
Servicer will permit most transfers of Manufactured Homes and not accelerate
the maturity of the related Contracts. In certain cases, the transfer may be
made by a delinquent obligor in order to avoid a repossession proceeding with
respect to a Manufactured Home.
In the case of a transfer of a Manufactured Home after which the Servicer
desires to accelerate the maturity of the related Contract, the Servicer's
ability to do so will depend on the enforceability under state law of the
"due-on-sale" clause. The Garn-St. Germain Depositary Institutions Act of 1982
preempts, subject to certain exceptions and conditions, state laws prohibiting
enforcement of "due-on-sale" clauses applicable to the Manufactured Homes.
Consequently, in some states the Servicer may be prohibited from enforcing a
"due-on-sale" clause in respect of certain Manufactured Homes.
APPLICABILITY OF USURY LAWS
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
of 1980, as amended ("TITLE V"), provides that, subject to the following
conditions, state usury limitations shall not apply to any loan which is
secured by a first lien on certain kinds of manufactured housing. The
Contracts would be covered if they satisfy certain conditions, among other
things, governing the terms of any prepayments, late charges and deferral fees
and requiring a 30-day notice period prior to instituting any action leading
to repossession of or foreclosure with respect to the related unit.
Title V authorized any state to reimpose limitations on interest rates and
finance charges by adopting before April 1, 1983 a law or constitutional
provision which expressly rejects application of the federal law. Fifteen
states adopted such a law prior to the April 1, 1983 deadline. In addition,
even where Title V was not so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to
adopt a provision limiting discount points or other charges on loans covered
by Title V. The related Asset Seller will represent that all of the Contracts
comply with applicable usury law.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
GENERAL
The following discussion represents the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham &
Taft as to the material federal income tax consequences of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of the Securities offered hereunder. This opinion
assumes compliance with all provisions of the Agreements pursuant to which the
Securities are issued. This discussion is directed solely to Securityholders
that hold the Securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "CODE"), and does not
purport to discuss all federal income tax consequences that may be applicable
to particular categories of investors, some of which (such as banks, insurance
companies and foreign investors) may be subject to special rules. Further, the
authorities on which this discussion, and the opinion referred to below, are
based are subject to change or differing interpretations, which could apply
retroactively. In addition to the federal income tax consequences described
herein, potential investors should consider the state and local tax
consequences, if any, of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the
Securities. See "State and Other Tax Consequences." The Depositor recommends
that Securityholders consult their own tax advisors concerning the federal,
state, local or other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and
disposition of the Securities offered hereunder.
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The following discussion addresses securities of four general types: (i)
securities ("REMIC SECURITIES") representing interests in a Trust Fund, or a
portion thereof, that the Trustee will elect to have treated as a real estate
mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC") under Sections 860A through 860G (the
"REMIC PROVISIONS") of the Code, (ii) securities ("GRANTOR TRUST SECURITIES")
representing interests in a Trust Fund ("GRANTOR TRUST FUND") as to which no
such election will be made, (iii) securities ("PARTNERSHIP SECURITIES")
representing interests in a Trust Fund ("PARTNERSHIP TRUST FUND") which is
treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and (iv) securities
("DEBT SECURITIES") representing indebtedness of a Partnership Trust Fund for
federal income tax purposes. The Prospectus Supplement for each series of
Securities will indicate which of the foregoing treatments will apply to such
series and, if a REMIC election (or elections) will be made for the related
Trust Fund, will identify all "regular interests" and "residual interests" in
the REMIC. For purposes of this tax discussion, (i) references to a
"Securityholder" or a "holder" are to the beneficial owner of a Security, (ii)
references to "REMIC POOL" are to an entity or portion thereof as to which a
REMIC election will be made and (iii) to the extent specified in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement, references to "Mortgage Loans" include
Contracts. Except to the extent specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, no REMIC election will be made with respect to Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans.
The following discussion is based in part upon the rules governing original
issue discount that are set forth in Sections 1271-1273 and 1275 of the Code
and in the Treasury regulations issued thereunder (the "OID REGULATIONS"), and
in part upon the REMIC Provisions and the Treasury regulations issued
thereunder (the "REMIC REGULATIONS"). The OID Regulations do not adequately
address certain issues relevant to, and in some instances provide that they
are not applicable to, securities such as the Securities.
Taxable Mortgage Pools
Corporate income tax can be imposed on the net income of certain entities
issuing non-REMIC debt obligations secured by real estate mortgages ("TAXABLE
MORTGAGE POOLS"). Any entity other than a REMIC or a REIT will be considered a
Taxable Mortgage Pool if (i) substantially all of the assets of the entity
consist of debt obligations and more than 50% of such obligations consist of
"real estate mortgages," (ii) such entity is the obligor under debt
obligations with two or more maturities, and (iii) under the terms of the debt
obligations on which the entity is the obligor, payments on such obligations
bear a relationship to payments on the obligations held by the entity.
Furthermore, a group of assets held by an entity can be treated as a separate
Taxable Mortgage Pool if the assets are expected to produce significant cash
flow that will support one or more of the entity's issues of debt obligations.
The Depositor generally will structure offerings of non-REMIC Securities to
avoid the application of the Taxable Mortgage Pool rules.
REMICS
Classification of REMICS
With respect to each series of REMIC Securities, assuming compliance with
all provisions of the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, in the opinion
of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the related Trust Fund (or each applicable
portion thereof) will qualify as a REMIC and the REMIC Securities offered with
respect thereto will be considered to evidence ownership of "regular
interests" ("REGULAR SECURITIES") or "residual interests" ("RESIDUAL
SECURITIES") in that REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
In order for the REMIC Pool to qualify as a REMIC, there must be ongoing
compliance on the part of the REMIC Pool with the requirements set forth in
the Code. The REMIC Pool must
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fulfill an asset test, which requires that no more than a DE MINIMIS portion
of the assets of the REMIC Pool, as of the close of the third calendar month
beginning after the "STARTUP DAY" (which for purposes of this discussion is
the date of issuance of the REMIC Securities) and at all times thereafter, may
consist of assets other than "qualified mortgages" and "permitted
investments." The REMIC Regulations provide a safe harbor pursuant to which
the DE MINIMIS requirement will be met if at all times the aggregate adjusted
basis of the nonqualified assets is less than 1% of the aggregate adjusted
basis of all the REMIC Pool's assets. An entity that fails to meet the safe
harbor may nevertheless demonstrate that it holds no more than a DE MINIMIS
amount of nonqualified assets. A REMIC Pool also must provide "reasonable
arrangements" to prevent its residual interests from being held by
"disqualified organizations" or agents thereof and must furnish applicable tax
information to transferors or agents that violate this requirement. The
Pooling and Servicing Agreement with respect to each Series of REMIC
Securities will contain provisions meeting these requirements. See "Taxation
of Owners of Residual Securities--Tax-Related Restrictions on Transfer of
Residual Securities--Disqualified Organizations."
A qualified mortgage is any obligation that is principally secured by an
interest in real property and that is either transferred to the REMIC Pool on
the Startup Day or is purchased by the REMIC Pool within a three-month period
thereafter pursuant to a fixed price contract in effect on the Startup Day.
Qualified mortgages include whole mortgage loans, such as the Mortgage Loans,
and, generally, certificates of beneficial interest in a grantor trust that
holds mortgage loans and regular interests in another REMIC, such as lower-
tier regular interests in a tiered REMIC. The REMIC Regulations specify that
loans secured by timeshare interests, shares held by a tenant stockholder in a
cooperative housing corporation, and manufactured housing that qualifies as a
"single family residence" under Code section 25(e) (10) can be qualified
mortgages. A qualified mortgage includes a qualified replacement mortgage,
which is any property that would have been treated as a qualified mortgage if
it were transferred to the REMIC Pool on the Startup Day and that is received
either (i) in exchange for any qualified mortgage within a three-month period
thereafter or (ii) in exchange for a "defective obligation" within a two-year
period thereafter. A "defective obligation" includes (i) a mortgage in default
or as to which default is reasonably foreseeable, (ii) a mortgage as to which
a customary representation or warranty made at the time of transfer to the
REMIC Pool has been breached, (iii) a mortgage that was fraudulently procured
by the mortgagor, and (iv) a mortgage that was not in fact principally secured
by real property (but only if such mortgage is disposed of within 90 days of
discovery). A Mortgage Loan that is "defective" as described in clause (iv)
that is not sold or, if within two years of the Startup Day, exchanged, within
90 days of discovery, ceases to be a qualified mortgage after such 90-day
period.
Permitted investments include cash flow investments, qualified reserve
assets, and foreclosure property. A cash flow investment is an investment,
earning a return in the nature of interest, of amounts received on or with
respect to qualified mortgages for a temporary period, not exceeding 13
months, until the next scheduled distribution to holders of interests in the
REMIC Pool. A qualified reserve asset is any intangible property held for
investment that is part of any reasonably required reserve maintained by the
REMIC Pool to provide for payments of expenses of the REMIC Pool or amounts
due on the regular or residual interests in the event of defaults (including
delinquencies) on the qualified mortgages, lower than expected reinvestment
returns, prepayment interest shortfalls and certain other contingencies. The
reserve fund will be disqualified if more than 30% of the gross income from
the assets in such fund for the year is derived from the sale or other
disposition of property held for less than three months, unless required to
prevent a default on the regular interests caused by a default on one or more
qualified mortgages. A reserve fund must be reduced "promptly and
appropriately" as payments on the Mortgage Loans are received. Foreclosure
property is real property acquired
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by the REMIC Pool in connection with the default or imminent default of a
qualified mortgage and generally may not be held for more than three taxable
years after the taxable year of acquisition unless extensions are granted by
the Secretary of the Treasury.
In addition to the foregoing requirements, the various interests in a REMIC
Pool also must meet certain requirements. All of the interests in a REMIC Pool
must be either of the following: (i) one or more classes of regular interests
or (ii) a single class of residual interests on which distributions, if any,
are made pro rata. A regular interest is an interest in a REMIC Pool that is
issued on the Startup Day with fixed terms, is designated as a regular
interest, and unconditionally entitles the holder to receive a specified
principal amount (or other similar amount), and provides that interest
payments (or other similar amounts), if any, at or before maturity either are
payable based on a fixed rate or a qualified variable rate, or consist of a
specified, nonvarying portion of the interest payments on qualified mortgages.
Such a specified portion may consist of a fixed number of basis points, a
fixed percentage of the total interest, or a qualified variable rate, inverse
variable rate or difference between two fixed or qualified variable rates on
some or all of the qualified mortgages. The specified principal amount of a
regular interest that provides for interest payments consisting of a
specified, nonvarying portion of interest payments on qualified mortgages may
be zero. A residual interest is an interest in a REMIC Pool other than a
regular interest that is issued on the Startup Day and that is designated as a
residual interest. An interest in a REMIC Pool may be treated as a regular
interest even if payments of principal with respect to such interest are
subordinated to payments on other regular interests or the residual interest
in the REMIC Pool, and are dependent on the absence of defaults or
delinquencies on qualified mortgages or permitted investments, lower than
reasonably expected returns on permitted investments, unanticipated expenses
incurred by the REMIC Pool or prepayment interest shortfalls. Accordingly, in
the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the Regular Securities of a
Series will constitute one or more classes of regular interests, and the
Residual Securities with respect to that Series will constitute a single class
of residual interests with respect to each REMIC Pool.
If an entity electing to be treated as a REMIC fails to comply with one or
more of the ongoing requirements of the Code for such status during any
taxable year, the Code provides that the entity will not be treated as a REMIC
for such year and thereafter. In that event, such entity may be taxable as a
corporation under Treasury regulations, and the related REMIC Securities may
not be accorded the status or given the tax treatment described below.
Although the Code authorizes the Treasury Department to issue regulations
providing relief in the event of an inadvertent termination of REMIC status,
no such regulations have been issued. Any such relief, moreover, may be
accompanied by sanctions, such as the imposition of a corporate tax on all or
a portion of the Trust Fund's income for the period in which the requirements
for such status are not satisfied. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement with
respect to each REMIC Pool will include provisions designed to maintain the
Trust Fund's status as a REMIC under the REMIC Provisions. It is not
anticipated that the status of any Trust Fund as a REMIC will be terminated.
Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities
In the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the REMIC Securities will
be treated as "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c) (4)
(A) of the Code and assets described in Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) of the Code
in the same proportion that the assets of the REMIC Pool underlying such
Securities would be so treated. Moreover, if 95% or more of the assets of the
REMIC Pool qualify for either of the foregoing treatments at all times during
a calendar year, the REMIC Securities will qualify for the corresponding
status in their entirety for that calendar year. If the assets of the REMIC
Pool include Buydown Mortgage Loans, it is possible that the percentage of
such assets constituting "loans . . . secured by an interest in real
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property which is . . . residential real property" for purposes of Code
Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v) may be required to be reduced by the amount of
the related funds paid thereon (the "BUYDOWN FUNDS"). No opinion is expressed
as to the treatment of such Buydown Funds because the law is unclear as to
whether such Buydown Funds represent an account held by the lender that
reduces the lender's investment in the mortgage loan. Such a reduction of a
holder's investment may reduce the assets qualifying for the 60% of assets
test for meeting the definition of a "domestic building and loan association."
Interest (including original issue discount) on the Regular Securities and
income allocated to the class of Residual Securities will be interest
described in Section 856 (c) (3) (B) of the Code to the extent that such
Securities are treated as "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section
856 (c) (4) (A) of the Code. In addition, in the opinion of Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft, the Regular Securities generally will be "qualified
mortgages" within the meaning of Section 860G (a) (3) of the Code if
transferred to another REMIC on its Startup Day in exchange for regular or
residual interests therein. The determination as to the percentage of the
REMIC Pool's assets that constitute assets described in the foregoing sections
of the Code will be made with respect to each calendar quarter based on the
average adjusted basis of each category of the assets held by the REMIC Pool
during such calendar quarter. The REMIC will report those determinations to
Securityholders in the manner and at the times required by applicable Treasury
regulations. The Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (the "SBJPA OF
1996") repealed the reserve method of bad debts of domestic building and loan
associations and mutual savings banks, and thus has eliminated the asset
category of "qualifying real property loans" in former Code Section 593(d) for
taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995. The requirements in the SBJPA
of 1996 that such institutions must "recapture" a portion of their existing
bad debt reserves is suspended if a certain portion of their assets are
maintained in "residential loans" under Code Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v),
but only if such loans were made to acquire, construct or improve the related
real property and not for the purpose of refinancing. However, no effort will
be made to identify the portion of the Mortgage Loans of any Series meeting
this requirement, and no representation is made in this regard.
The assets of the REMIC Pool will include, in addition to Mortgage Loans,
payments on Mortgage Loans held pending distribution on the REMIC Securities
and property acquired by foreclosure held pending sale, and may include
amounts in reserve accounts. It is unclear whether property acquired by
foreclosure held pending sale and amounts in reserve accounts would be
considered to be part of the Mortgage Loans, or whether such assets (to the
extent not invested in assets described in the foregoing sections) otherwise
would receive the same treatment as the Mortgage Loans for purposes of all of
the foregoing sections. The REMIC Regulations do provide, however, that
payments on Mortgage Loans held pending distribution are considered part of
the Mortgage Loans for purposes of Section 856 (c) (4) (A) of the Code.
Furthermore, foreclosure property generally will qualify as "real estate
assets" under Section 856 (c) (4) (A) of the Code.
Tiered REMIC Structures
For certain series of REMIC Securities, two or more separate elections may
be made to treat designated portions of the related Trust Fund as REMICs
("TIERED REMICS") for federal income tax purposes. Upon the issuance of any
such series of REMIC Securities, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft will deliver
its opinion that, assuming compliance with all provisions of the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Tiered REMICs will each qualify as a
REMIC and the REMIC Securities issued by the Tiered REMICS, respectively, will
be considered to evidence ownership of Regular Securities or Residual
Securities in the related REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
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Solely for purposes of determining whether the REMIC Securities will be
"real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856 (c) (4) (A) of the Code
and "loans secured by an interest in real property" under Section 7701 (a)
(19) (C) of the Code, and whether the income on such Securities is interest
described in Section 856 (c) (3) (B) of the Code, the Tiered REMICs will be
treated as one REMIC.
Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities
General
In general, interest, original issue discount, and market discount on a
Regular Security will be treated as ordinary income to a holder of the Regular
Security (the "REGULAR SECURITYHOLDER"), and principal payments on a Regular
Security will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Regular
Securityholder's basis in the Regular Security allocable thereto. Regular
Securityholders must use the accrual method of accounting with regard to
Regular Securities, regardless of the method of accounting otherwise used by
such Regular Securityholder.
Original Issue Discount
Accrual Securities will be, and other classes of Regular Securities may be,
issued with "original issue discount" within the meaning of Code Section
1273(a). Holders of any Class or Subclass of Regular Securities having
original issue discount generally must include original issue discount in
ordinary income for federal income tax purposes as it accrues, in accordance
with a constant yield method that takes into account the compounding of
interest, in advance of the receipt of the cash attributable to such income.
The following discussion is based in part on temporary and final Treasury
regulations issued on February 2, 1994, as amended on June 14, 1996, (the "OID
REGULATIONS") under Code Section 1271 through 1273 and 1275 and in part on the
provisions of the 1986 Act. Regular Securityholders should be aware, however,
that the OID Regulations do not adequately address certain issues relevant to
prepayable securities, such as the Regular Securities. To the extent such
issues are not addressed in such regulations, the Seller intends to apply the
methodology described in the Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act. No
assurance can be provided that the Internal Revenue Service will not take a
different position as to those matters not currently addressed by the OID
Regulations. Moreover, the OID Regulations include an anti-abuse rule allowing
the Internal Revenue Service to apply or depart from the OID Regulations where
necessary or appropriate to ensure a reasonable tax result in light of the
applicable statutory provisions. A tax result will not be considered
unreasonable under the anti-abuse rule in the absence of a substantial effect
on the present value of a taxpayer's tax liability. Investors are advised to
consult their own tax advisors as to the discussion therein and the
appropriate method for reporting interest and original issue discount with
respect to the Regular Securities.
Each Regular Security (except to the extent described below with respect to
a Regular Security on which principal is distributed in a single installment
or by lots of specified principal amounts upon the request of a Securityholder
or by random lot (a "NON-PRO RATA SECURITY")) will be treated as a single
installment obligation for purposes of determining the original issue discount
includible in a Regular Securityholder's income. The total amount of original
issue discount on a Regular Security is the excess of the "stated redemption
price at maturity" of the Regular Security over its "issue price." The issue
price of a Class of Regular Securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus
generally is the first price at which a substantial amount of such Class is
sold to the public (excluding bond houses, brokers and underwriters). Although
unclear under the OID Regulations, it is anticipated that the Trustee will
treat the issue price of a Class as to which there is no substantial sale as
of the issue date or that is retained by the Depositor
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as the fair market value of the Class as of the issue date. The issue price of
a Regular Security also includes any amount paid by an initial Regular
Securityholder for accrued interest that relates to a period prior to the
issue date of the Regular Security, unless the Regular Securityholder elects
on its federal income tax return to exclude such amount from the issue price
and to recover it on the first Distribution Date. The stated redemption price
at maturity of a Regular Security always includes the original principal
amount of the Regular Security, but generally will not include distributions
of interest if such distributions constitute "qualified stated interest."
Under the OID Regulations, qualified stated interest generally means interest
payable at a single fixed rate or a qualified variable rate (as described
below), provided that such interest payments are unconditionally payable at
intervals of one year or less during the entire term of the Regular Security.
Because there is no penalty or default remedy in the case of nonpayment of
interest with respect to a Regular Security, it is possible that no interest
on any Class of Regular Securities will be treated as qualified stated
interest. However, except as provided in the following three sentences or in
the applicable Prospectus Supplement, because the underlying Mortgage Loans
provide for remedies in the event of default, it is anticipated that the
Trustee will treat interest with respect to the Regular Securities as
qualified stated interest. Distributions of interest on an Accrual Security,
or on other Regular Securities with respect to which deferred interest will
accrue, will not constitute qualified stated interest, in which case the
stated redemption price at maturity of such Regular Securities includes all
distributions of interest as well as principal thereon. Likewise, it is
anticipated that the Trustee will treat an interest-only Class or a Class on
which interest is substantially disproportionate to its principal amount (a
so-called "super-premium" Class) as having no qualified stated interest. Where
the interval between the issue date and the first Distribution Date on a
Regular Security is shorter than the interval between subsequent Distribution
Dates, the interest attributable to the additional days will be included in
the stated redemption price at maturity.
Under a DE MINIMIS rule, original issue discount on a Regular Security will
be considered to be zero if such original issue discount is less than 0.25% of
the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Security multiplied by
the weighted average maturity of the Regular Security. For this purpose, the
weighted average maturity of the Regular Security is computed as the sum of
the amounts determined by multiplying the number of full years (I.E., rounding
down partial years) from the issue date until each distribution in reduction
of stated redemption price at maturity is scheduled to be made by a fraction,
the numerator of which is the amount of each distribution included in the
stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Security and the
denominator of which is the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular
Security. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act provides that the
schedule of such distributions should be determined in accordance with the
assumed rate of prepayment of the Mortgage Loans (the "PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION")
and the anticipated reinvestment rate, if any, relating to the Regular
Securities. The Prepayment Assumption with respect to a Series of Regular
Securities will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Holders
generally must report DE MINIMIS original issue discount pro rata as principal
payments are received, and such income will be capital gain if the Regular
Security is held as a capital asset. Under the OID Regulations, however,
Regular Securityholders may elect to accrue all DE MINIMIS original issue
discount as well as market discount and market premium, under the constant
yield method. See "Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield
Method."
A Regular Securityholder generally must include in gross income for any
taxable year the sum of the "daily portions," as defined below, of the
original issue discount on the Regular Security accrued during an accrual
period for each day on which it holds the Regular Security, including the date
of purchase but excluding the date of disposition. The Trustee will treat the
monthly period ending on the day before each Distribution Date as the accrual
period. With respect to each Regular Security, a calculation will be made of
the original issue discount that
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accrues during each successive full accrual period (or shorter period from the
date of original issue) that ends on the day before the related Distribution
Date on the Regular Security. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act
states that the rate of accrual of original issue discount is intended to be
based on the Prepayment Assumption. The original issue discount accruing in a
full accrual period would be the excess, if any, of (i) the sum of (a) the
present value of all of the remaining distributions to be made on the Regular
Security as of the end of that accrual period, and (b) the distributions made
on the Regular Security during the accrual period that are included in the
Regular Security's stated redemption price at maturity, over (ii) the adjusted
issue price of the Regular Security at the beginning of the accrual period.
The present value of the remaining distributions referred to in the preceding
sentence is calculated based on (i) the yield to maturity of the Regular
Security at the issue date, (ii) events (including actual prepayments) that
have occurred prior to the end of the accrual period, and (iii) the Prepayment
Assumption. For these purposes, the adjusted issue price of a Regular Security
at the beginning of any accrual period equals the issue price of the Regular
Security, increased by the aggregate amount of original issue discount with
respect to the Regular Security that accrued in all prior accrual periods and
reduced by the amount of distributions included in the Regular Security's
stated redemption price at maturity that were made on the Regular Security in
such prior periods. The original issue discount accruing during any accrual
period (as determined in this paragraph) will then be divided by the number of
days in the period to determine the daily portion of original issue discount
for each day in the period. With respect to an initial accrual period shorter
than a full accrual period, the daily portions of original issue discount must
be determined according to an appropriate allocation under any reasonable
method.
Under the method described above, the daily portions of original issue
discount required to be included in income by a Regular Securityholder
generally will increase to take into account prepayments on the Regular
Securities as a result of prepayments on the Mortgage Loans that exceed the
Prepayment Assumption, and generally will decrease (but not below zero for any
period) if the prepayments are slower than the Prepayment Assumption. An
increase in prepayments on the Mortgage Loans with respect to a Series of
Regular Securities can result in both a change in the priority of principal
payments with respect to certain Classes of Regular Securities and either an
increase or decrease in the daily portions of original issue discount with
respect to such Regular Securities.
In the case of a Non-Pro Rata Security, it is anticipated that the Trustee
will determine the yield to maturity of such Security based upon the
anticipated payment characteristics of the Class as a whole under the
Prepayment Assumption. In general, the original issue discount accruing on
each Non-Pro Rata Security in a full accrual period would be its allocable
share of the original issue discount with respect to the entire Class, as
determined in accordance with the preceding paragraph. However, in the case of
a distribution in retirement of the entire unpaid principal balance of any
Non-Pro Rata Security (or portion of such unpaid principal balance), (a) the
remaining unaccrued original issue discount allocable to such Security (or to
such portion) will accrue at the time of such distribution, and (b) the
accrual of original issue discount allocable to each remaining Security of
such Class will be adjusted by reducing the present value of the remaining
payments on such Class and the adjusted issue price of such Class to the
extent attributable to the portion of the unpaid principal balance thereof
that was distributed. The Depositor believes that the foregoing treatment is
consistent with the "pro rata prepayment" rules of the OID Regulations, but
with the rate of accrual of original issue discount determined based on the
Prepayment Assumption for the Class as a whole. Investors are advised to
consult their tax advisors as to this treatment.
Acquisition Premium
A purchaser of a Regular Security having original issue discount at a price
greater than its adjusted issue price but less than its stated redemption
price at maturity will be required to
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include in gross income the daily portions of the original issue discount on
the Regular Security reduced pro rata by a fraction, the numerator of which is
the excess of its purchase price over such adjusted issue price and the
denominator of which is the excess of the remaining stated redemption price at
maturity over the adjusted issue price. Alternatively, such a subsequent
purchaser may elect to treat all such acquisition premium under the constant
yield method, as described below under the heading "Election to Treat All
Interest Under the Constant Yield Method."
Variable Rate Regular Securities
Regular Securities may provide for interest based on a variable rate. Under
the OID Regulations, interest is treated as payable at a variable rate if,
generally, (i) the issue price does not exceed the original principal balance
by more than a specified amount and (ii) the interest compounds or is payable
at least annually at current values of (a) one or more "qualified floating
rates," (b) a single fixed rate and one or more qualified floating rates, (c)
a single "objective rate," or (d) a single fixed rate and a single objective
rate that is a "qualified inverse floating rate." A floating rate is a
qualified floating rate if variations can reasonably be expected to measure
contemporaneous variations in the cost of newly borrowed funds. A multiple of
a qualified floating rate is considered a qualified floating rate only if the
rate is equal to either (a) the product of a qualified floating rate and a
fixed multiple that is greater than 0.65 but not more than 1.35 or (b) the
product of a qualified floating rate and a fixed multiple that is greater than
0.65 but not more than 1.35, increased or decreased by a fixed rate. Such rate
may also be subject to a fixed cap or floor, or a cap or floor that is not
reasonably expected as of the issue date to affect the yield of the instrument
significantly. An objective rate is any rate (other than a qualified floating
rate) that is determined using a single fixed formula and that is based on
objective financial or economic information, provided that such information is
not (i) within the control of the issuer or a related party or (ii) unique to
the circumstances of the issuer or a related party. A qualified inverse
floating rate is a rate equal to a fixed rate minus a qualified floating rate
that inversely reflects contemporaneous variations in the cost of newly
borrowed funds; an inverse floating rate that is not a qualified inverse
floating rate may nevertheless be an objective rate. A Class of Regular
Securities may be issued under this Prospectus that does not have a variable
rate under the foregoing rules, for example, a Class that bears different
rates at different times during the period it is outstanding such that it is
considered significantly "front-loaded" or "back-loaded" within the meaning of
the OID Regulations. It is possible that such a Class may be considered to
bear "contingent interest" within the meaning of the OID Regulations. The OID
Regulations, as they relate to the treatment of contingent interest, are by
their terms not applicable to Regular Securities. However, if final
regulations dealing with contingent interest with respect to Regular
Securities apply the same principles as the OID Regulations, such regulations
may lead to different timing of income inclusion that would be the case under
the OID Regulations. Furthermore, application of such principles could lead to
the characterization of gain on the sale of contingent interest Regular
Securities as ordinary income. Investors should consult their tax advisors
regarding the appropriate treatment of any Regular Security that does not pay
interest at a fixed rate or variable rate as described in this paragraph.
Under the REMIC Regulations, a Regular Security (i) bearing interest at a
rate that qualifies as a variable rate under the OID Regulations that is tied
to current values of a variable rate (or the highest, lowest or average of two
or more variable rates, including a rate based on the average cost of funds of
one or more financial institutions), or a positive or negative multiple of
such a rate (plus or minus a specified number of basis points), or that
represents a weighted average of rates on some or all of the Mortgage Loans,
including such a rate that is subject to one or more caps or floors, or (ii)
bearing one or more such variable rates for one or more periods, or one or
more fixed rates for one or more periods, and a different variable rate or
fixed
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rate for other periods, qualifies as a regular interest in a REMIC.
Accordingly, it is anticipated that the Trustee will treat Regular Securities
that qualify as regular interests under this rule in the same manner as
obligations bearing a variable rate for original issue discount reporting
purposes.
The amount of original issue discount with respect to a Regular Security
bearing a variable rate of interest will accrue in the manner described above
under "Original Issue Discount," with the yield to maturity and future
payments on such Regular Security generally to be determined by assuming that
interest will be payable for the life of the Regular Security based on the
initial rate (or, if different, the value of the applicable variable rate as
of the pricing date) for the relevant Class. Unless required otherwise by
applicable final regulations, it is anticipated that the Trustee will treat
such variable interest as qualified stated interest, other than variable
interest on an interest-only or super-premium Class or a Class bearing
interest at a rate equal to the weighted average of the net rates on the
Mortgage Loans, which will be treated as non-qualified stated interest
includible in the stated redemption price at maturity. Ordinary income
reportable for any period will be adjusted based on subsequent changes in the
applicable interest rate index.
Market Discount
A subsequent purchaser of a Regular Security also may be subject to the
market discount rules of Code Sections 1276 through 1278. Under these sections
and the principles applied by the OID Regulations in the context of original
issue discount, "market discount" is the amount by which the purchaser's
original basis in the Regular Security (i) is exceeded by the remaining
outstanding principal payments and interest payments other than qualified
stated interest payments due on a Regular Security, or (ii) in the case of a
Regular Security having original issue discount, is exceeded by the adjusted
issue price of such Regular Security at the time of purchase. Such purchaser
generally will be required to recognize ordinary income to the extent of
accrued market discount on such Regular Security as distributions includible
in the stated redemption price at maturity thereof are received, in an amount
not exceeding any such distribution. Such market discount would accrue in a
manner to be provided in Treasury regulations and should take into account the
Prepayment Assumption. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act
provides that until such regulations are issued, such market discount would
accrue either (i) on the basis of a constant interest rate, or (ii) in the
ratio of stated interest allocable to the relevant period to the sum of the
interest for such period plus the remaining interest as of the end of such
period, or in the case of a Regular Security issued with original issue
discount, in the ratio of original issue discount accrued for the relevant
period to the sum of the original issue discount accrued for such period plus
the remaining original issue discount as of the end of such period. Such
purchaser also generally will be required to treat a portion of any gain on a
sale or exchange of the Regular Security as ordinary income to the extent of
the market discount accrued to the date of disposition under one of the
foregoing methods, less any accrued market discount previously reported as
ordinary income as partial distributions in reduction of the stated redemption
price at maturity were received. Such purchaser will be required to defer
deduction of a portion of the excess of the interest paid or accrued on
indebtedness incurred to purchase or carry a Regular Security over the
interest distributable thereon. The deferred portion of such interest expense
in any taxable year generally will not exceed the accrued market discount on
the Regular Security for such year. Any such deferred interest expense is, in
general, allowed as a deduction not later than the year in which the related
market discount income is recognized or the Regular Security is disposed of.
As an alternative to the inclusion of market discount in income on the
foregoing basis, the Regular Securityholder may elect to include market
discount in income currently as it accrues on all market discount instruments
acquired by such Regular Securityholder in that taxable year
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or thereafter, in which case the interest deferral rule will not apply. See
"Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method" below
regarding an alternative manner in which such election may be deemed to be
made. A person who purchases a Regular Security at a price lower than the
remaining amounts includible in the stated redemption price at maturity of the
security, but higher than its adjusted issue price, does not acquire the
Regular Security with market discount, but will be required to report original
issue discount, appropriately adjusted to reflect the excess of the price paid
over the adjusted issue price.
Market discount with respect to a Regular Security will be considered to be
zero if such market discount is less than 0.25% of the remaining stated
redemption price at maturity of such Regular Security (or, in the case of a
Regular Security having original issue discount, the adjusted issue price of
such Regular Security) multiplied by the weighted average maturity of the
Regular Security (determined as described above in the third paragraph under
"Original Issue Discount") remaining after the date of purchase. It appears
that DE MINIMIS market discount would be reported in a manner similar to DE
MINIMIS original issue discount. See "Original Issue Discount" above.
Under provisions of the OID Regulations relating to contingent payment
obligations, a secondary purchaser of a Regular Security that has "contingent
interest" at a discount generally would continue to accrue interest and
determine adjustments on the Regular Security based on the original projected
payment schedule devised by the issuer of the Security. The holder of such a
Regular Security would be required, however, to allocate the difference
between the adjusted issue price of the Regular Security and its basis in the
Regular Security as positive adjustments to the accruals or projected payments
on the Regular Security over the remaining term of the Regular Security in a
manner that is reasonable (e.g., based on a constant yield to maturity).
Treasury regulations implementing the market discount rules have not yet
been issued, and uncertainty exists with respect to many aspects of those
rules. Due to the substantial lack of regulatory guidance with respect to the
market discount rules, it is unclear how those rules will affect any secondary
market that develops for a given Class of Regular Securities. Prospective
investors in Regular Securities should consult their own tax advisors
regarding the application of the market discount rules to the Regular
Securities. Investors should also consult Revenue Procedure 92-67 concerning
the elections to include market discount in income currently and to accrue
market discount on the basis of the constant yield method.
Amortizable Premium
A Regular Security purchased at a cost greater than its remaining stated
redemption price at maturity generally is considered to be purchased at a
premium. If the Regular Securityholder holds such Regular Security as a
"capital asset" within the meaning of Code Section 1221, the Regular
Securityholder may elect under Code Section 171 to amortize such premium under
a constant yield method that reflects compounding based on the interval
between payments on the Regular Security. Such election will apply to all
taxable debt obligations (including REMIC regular interests) acquired by the
Regular Securityholder at a premium held in that taxable year or thereafter,
unless revoked with the permission of the Internal Revenue Service. The
Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act indicates a Congressional intent
that the same rules that apply to the accrual of market discount on
installment obligations will also apply to amortizing bond premium under Code
Section 171 on installment obligations such as the Regular Securities,
although it is unclear whether the alternatives to the constant interest
method described above under "Market Discount" are available. Amortizable bond
premium generally will be treated as an offset to interest income on a Regular
Security, rather than as a separate deductible item. See "Election to Treat
All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method" below regarding an alternative
manner in which the Code Section 171 election may be deemed to be made.
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Amortizable premium on a Regular Security that is subject to redemption at
the option of the issuer generally must be amortized as if the optional
redemption price and date were the Security's principal amount and maturity
date if doing so would result in a smaller amount of premium amortization
during the period ending with the optional redemption date. Thus, a holder of
a Regular Security would not be able to amortize any premium on a Regular
Security that is subject to optional redemption at a price equal to or greater
than the Securityholder's acquisition price unless and until the redemption
option expires. A Regular Security subject to redemption at the option of the
issuer described in the preceding sentence will be treated as having matured
on the redemption date for the redemption price and then as having been
reissued on that date for that price. Any premium remaining on the Regular
Security at the time of the deemed reissuance will be amortized on the basis
of (i) the original principal amount and maturity date or (ii) the price and
date of any succeeding optional redemption, under the principles described
above.
Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method
A holder of a debt instrument such as a Regular Security may elect to treat
all interest that accrues on the instrument using the constant yield method,
with none of the interest being treated as qualified stated interest. For
purposes of applying the constant yield method to a debt instrument subject to
such an election, (i) "interest" includes stated interest, original issue
discount, DE MINIMIS original issue discount, market discount and DE MINIMIS
market discount, as adjusted by any amortizable bond premium or acquisition
premium and (ii) the debt instrument is treated as if the instrument were
issued on the holder's acquisition date in the amount of the holder's adjusted
basis immediately after acquisition. It is unclear whether, for this purpose,
the initial Prepayment Assumption would continue to apply or if a new
prepayment assumption as of the date of the holder's acquisition would apply.
A holder generally may make such an election on an instrument by instrument
basis or for a class or group of debt instruments. However, if the holder
makes such an election with respect to a debt instrument with amortizable bond
premium or with market discount, the holder is deemed to have made elections
to amortize bond premium or to report market discount income currently as it
accrues under the constant yield method, respectively, for all premium bonds
held or market discount bonds acquired by the holder in the same taxable year
or thereafter. The election is made on the holder's federal income tax return
for the year in which the debt instrument is acquired and is irrevocable
except with the approval of the Internal Revenue Service. Investors should
consult their own tax advisors regarding the advisability of making such an
election.
Treatment of Losses
Regular Securityholders will be required to report income with respect to
Regular Securities on the accrual method of accounting, without giving effect
to delays or reductions in distributions attributable to defaults or
delinquencies on the Mortgage Loans, except to the extent it can be
established that such losses are uncollectible. Accordingly, the holder of a
Regular Security, particularly a Subordinate Security, may have income, or may
incur a diminution in cash flow as a result of a default or delinquency, but
may not be able to take a deduction (subject to the discussion below) for the
corresponding loss until a subsequent taxable year. In this regard, investors
are cautioned that while they may generally cease to accrue interest income if
it reasonably appears that the interest will be uncollectible, the Internal
Revenue Service may take the position that original issue discount must
continue to be accrued in spite of its uncollectibility until the debt
instrument is disposed of in a taxable transaction or becomes worthless in
accordance with the rules of Code Section 166. To the extent the rules of Code
Section 166 regarding bad debts are applicable, it appears that Regular
Securityholders
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that are corporations or that otherwise hold the Regular Securities in
connection with a trade or business should in general be allowed to deduct as
an ordinary loss such loss with respect to principal sustained during the
taxable year on account of any such Regular Securities becoming wholly or
partially worthless, and that, in general, Regular Securityholders that are
not corporations and do not hold the Regular Securities in connection with a
trade or business should be allowed to deduct as a short-term capital loss any
loss sustained during the taxable year on account of a portion of any such
Regular Securities becoming wholly worthless. Although the matter is not free
from doubt, such non-corporate Regular Securityholders should be allowed a bad
debt deduction at such time as the principal balance of such Regular
Securities is reduced to reflect losses resulting from any liquidated Mortgage
Loans. The Internal Revenue Service, however, could take the position that
non-corporate holders will be allowed a bad debt deduction to reflect such
losses only after all the Mortgage Loans remaining in the Trust Estate have
been liquidated or the applicable Class of Regular Securities has been
otherwise retired. The Internal Revenue Service could also assert that losses
on the Regular Securities are deductible based on some other method that may
defer such deductions for all holders, such as reducing future cashflow for
purposes of computing original issue discount. This may have the effect of
creating "negative" original issue discount which would be deductible only
against future positive original issue discount or otherwise upon termination
of the Class. Regular Securityholders are urged to consult their own tax
advisors regarding the appropriate timing, amount and character of any loss
sustained with respect to such Regular Securities. While losses attributable
to interest previously reported as income should be deductible as ordinary
losses by both corporate and non-corporate holders, the Internal Revenue
Service may take the position that losses attributable to accrued original
issue discount may only be deducted as capital losses in the case of non-
corporate holders who do not hold the Regular Securities in connection with a
trade or business. Special loss rules are applicable to banks and thrift
institutions, including rules regarding reserves for bad debts. Such taxpayers
are advised to consult their tax advisors regarding the treatment of losses on
Regular Securities.
Sale or Exchange of Regular Securities
If a Regular Securityholder sells or exchanges a Regular Security, the
Regular Securityholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference, if
any, between the amount received and its adjusted basis in the Regular
Security. The adjusted basis of a Regular Security generally will equal the
original cost of the Regular Security to the seller, increased by any original
issue discount or market discount previously included in the seller's gross
income with respect to the Regular Security and reduced by amounts included in
the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Security that were
previously received by the seller, by any amortized premium, and by any
recognized losses.
Except as described above with respect to market discount, and except as
provided in this paragraph, any gain or loss on the sale or exchange of a
Regular Security realized by an investor who holds the Regular Security as a
capital asset will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term or short-term
depending on whether the Regular Security has been held for the long-term
capital gain holding period (currently, more than one year). Such gain will be
treated as ordinary income (i) if a Regular Security is held as part of a
"conversion transaction" as defined in Code Section 1258 (c), up to the amount
of interest that would have accrued on the Regular Securityholder's net
investment in the conversion transaction at 120% of the appropriate applicable
Federal rate in effect at the time the taxpayer entered into the transaction
minus any amount previously treated as ordinary income with respect to any
prior disposition of property that was held as part of such transaction, (ii)
in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, to the extent such taxpayer has made
an election under Code Section 163 (d) (4) to have net capital gains taxed as
investment income at ordinary income rates, or (iii) to the extent that such
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gain does not exceed the excess, if any, of (a) the amount that would have
been includible in the gross income of the holder if its yield on such Regular
Security were 110% of the applicable Federal rate as of the date of purchase,
over (b) the amount of income actually includible in the gross income of such
holder with respect to such Regular Security. In addition, gain or loss
recognized from the sale of a Regular Security by certain banks or thrift
institutions will be treated as ordinary income or loss pursuant to Code
Section 582(c). Long-term capital gains of certain noncorporate taxpayers
generally are subject to a lower maximum tax rate (20%) than ordinary income
of such taxpayers (39.6%) for property held for more than one year. Currently,
the maximum tax rate for corporations is the same with respect to both
ordinary income and capital gains.
Taxation of Owners of Residual Securities
Taxation of REMIC Income
Generally, the "daily portions" of REMIC taxable income or net loss will be
includible as ordinary income or loss in determining the federal taxable
income of holders of Residual Securities ("RESIDUAL HOLDERS"), and will not be
taxed separately to the REMIC Pool. The daily portions of REMIC taxable income
or net loss of a Residual Holder are determined by allocating the REMIC Pool's
taxable income or net loss for each calendar quarter ratably to each day in
such quarter and by allocating such daily portion among the Residual Holders
in proportion to their respective holdings of Residual Securities in the REMIC
Pool on such day. REMIC taxable income is generally determined in the same
manner as the taxable income of an individual using the accrual method of
accounting, except that (i) the limitations on deductibility of investment
interest expense and expenses for the production of income do not apply, (ii)
all bad loans will be deductible as business bad debts, and (iii) the
limitation on the deductibility of interest and expenses related to tax-exempt
income will apply. The REMIC Pool's gross income includes interest, original
issue discount income and market discount income, if any, on the Mortgage
Loans, reduced by amortization of any premium on the Mortgage Loans, plus
income from amortization of issue premium, if any, on the Regular Securities,
plus income on reinvestment of cash flows and reserve assets, plus any
cancellation of indebtedness income upon allocation of realized losses to the
Regular Securities. The REMIC Pool's deductions include interest and original
issue discount expense on the Regular Securities, servicing fees on the
Mortgage Loans, other administrative expenses of the REMIC Pool and realized
losses on the Mortgage Loans. The requirement that Residual Holders report
their pro rata share of taxable income or net loss of the REMIC Pool will
continue until there are no Securities of any class of the related Series
outstanding.
The taxable income recognized by a Residual Holder in any taxable year will
be affected by, among other factors, the relationship between the timing of
recognition of interest, original issue discount or market discount income or
amortization of premium with respect to the Mortgage Loans, on the one hand,
and the timing of deductions for interest (including original issue discount)
or income from amortization of issue premium on the Regular Securities, on the
other hand. In the event that an interest in the Mortgage Loans is acquired by
the REMIC Pool at a discount, and one or more of such Mortgage Loans is
prepaid, the prepayment may be used in whole or in part to make distributions
in reduction of principal on the Regular Securities, and (ii) the discount on
the Mortgage Loans which is includible in income may exceed the deduction
allowed upon such distributions on those Regular Securities on account of any
unaccrued original issue discount relating to those Regular Securities. When
there is more than one Class of Regular Securities that distribute principal
sequentially, this mismatching of income and deductions is particularly likely
to occur in the early years following issuance of the Regular
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Securities when distributions in reduction of principal are being made in
respect of earlier Classes of Regular Securities to the extent that such
Classes are not issued with substantial discount or are issued at a premium.
If taxable income attributable to such a mismatching is realized, in general,
losses would be allowed in later years as distributions on the later maturing
Classes of Regular Securities are made. Taxable income may also be greater in
earlier years than in later years as a result of the fact that interest
expense deductions, expressed as a percentage of the outstanding principal
amount of such a Series of Regular Securities, may increase over time as
distributions in reduction of principal are made on the lower yielding Classes
of Regular Securities, whereas, to the extent the REMIC Pool consists of fixed
rate Mortgage Loans, interest income with respect to any given Mortgage Loan
will remain constant over time as a percentage of the outstanding principal
amount of that loan. Consequently, Residual Holders must have sufficient other
sources of cash to pay any federal, state, or local income taxes due as a
result of such mismatching or unrelated deductions against which to offset
such income, subject to the discussion of "excess inclusions" below under "--
Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC Income." The timing of such
mismatching of income and deductions described in this paragraph, if present
with respect to a Series of Securities, may have a significant adverse effect
upon a Residual Holder's after-tax rate of return.
A portion of the income of a Residual Securityholder may be treated
unfavorably in three contexts: (i) it may not be offset by current or net
operating loss deductions; (ii) it will be considered unrelated business
taxable income to tax-exempt entities; and (iii) it is ineligible for any
statutory or treaty reduction in the 30% withholding tax otherwise available
to a foreign Residual Securityholder. See "--Limitations on Offset or
Exemption of REMIC Income" below. In addition, a Residual Holder's taxable
income during certain periods may exceed the income reflected by such Residual
Holders for such periods in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. Investors should consult their own accountants concerning the
accounting treatment of their investment in Residual Securities.
Basis and Losses
The amount of any net loss of the REMIC Pool that may be taken into account
by the Residual Holder is limited to the adjusted basis of the Residual
Security as of the close of the quarter (or time of disposition of the
Residual Security if earlier), determined without taking into account the net
loss for the quarter. The initial adjusted basis of a purchaser of a Residual
Security is the amount paid for such Residual Security. Such adjusted basis
will be increased by the amount of taxable income of the REMIC Pool reportable
by the Residual Holder and will be decreased (but not below zero), first, by a
cash distribution from the REMIC Pool and, second, by the amount of loss of
the REMIC Pool reportable by the Residual Holder. Any loss that is disallowed
on account of this limitation may be carried over indefinitely with respect to
the Residual Holder as to whom such loss was disallowed and may be used by
such Residual Holder only to offset any income generated by the same REMIC
Pool.
A Residual Holder will not be permitted to amortize directly the cost of its
Residual Security as an offset to its share of the taxable income of the
related REMIC Pool. However, the taxable income will not include cash received
by the REMIC Pool that represents a recovery of the REMIC Pool's basis in its
assets. Although the law is unclear in certain respects, such recovery of
basis by the REMIC Pool will have the effect of amortization of the issue
price of the Residual Securities over their life. However, in view of the
possible acceleration of the income of Residual Holders described above under
"Taxation of REMIC Income," the period of time over which such issue price is
effectively amortized may be longer than the economic life of the Residual
Securities.
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A Residual Security may have a negative value if the net present value of
anticipated tax liabilities exceeds the present value of anticipated cash
flows. The REMIC Regulations appear to treat the issue price of such a
residual interest as zero rather than such negative amount for purposes of
determining the REMIC Pool's basis in its assets. The preamble to the REMIC
Regulations states that the Internal Revenue Service may provide future
guidance on the proper tax treatment of payments made by a transferor of such
a residual interest to induce the transferee to acquire the interest, and
Residual Holders should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.
Further, to the extent that the initial adjusted basis of a Residual Holder
(other than an original holder) in the Residual Security is greater than the
corresponding portion of the REMIC Pool's basis in the Mortgage Loans, the
Residual Holder will not recover a portion of such basis until termination of
the REMIC Pool unless future Treasury regulations provide for periodic
adjustments to the REMIC income otherwise reportable by such holder. The REMIC
Regulations currently in effect do not so provide. See "--Treatment of Certain
Items of REMIC Income and Expense--Market Discount" below regarding the basis
of Mortgage Loans to the REMIC Pool and "Sale or Exchange of a Residual
Security" below regarding possible treatment of a loss upon termination of the
REMIC Pool as a capital loss.
Treatment of Certain Items of REMIC Income and Expense
Although it is anticipated that the Trustee will compute REMIC income and
expense in accordance with the Code and applicable regulations, the
authorities regarding the determination of specific items of income and
expense are subject to differing interpretations. The Depositor makes no
representation as to the specific method that will be used for reporting
income with respect to the Mortgage Loans and expenses with respect to the
Regular Securities, and different methods could result in different timing or
reporting of taxable income or net loss to Residual Holders or differences in
capital gain versus ordinary income.
Original Issue Discount and Premium. Generally, the REMIC Pool's deductions
for original issue discount and income from amortization of premium will be
determined in the same manner as original issue discount income on Regular
Securities as described above under "Taxation of Owners of Regular
Securities--Original Issue Discount" and "--Variable Rate Regular Securities,"
without regard to the DE MINIMIS rule described therein, and "--Amortizable
Premium."
Market Discount. The REMIC Pool will have market discount income in respect
of Mortgage Loans if, in general, the basis of the REMIC Pool in such Mortgage
Loans is exceeded by their unpaid principal balances. The REMIC Pool's basis
in such Mortgage Loans is generally the fair market value of the Mortgage
Loans immediately after the transfer thereof to the REMIC Pool. The REMIC
Regulations provide that such basis is equal in the aggregate to the issue
prices of all regular and residual interests in the REMIC Pool. The accrued
portion of such market discount would be recognized currently as an item of
ordinary income in a manner similar to original issue discount. Market
discount income generally should accrue in the manner described above under
"Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Market Discount."
Premium. Generally, if the basis of the REMIC Pool in the Mortgage Loans
exceeds the unpaid principal balances thereof, the REMIC Pool will be
considered to have acquired such Mortgage Loans at a premium equal to the
amount of such excess. As stated above, the REMIC Pool's basis in Mortgage
Loans is the fair market value of the Mortgage Loans, based on the aggregate
of the issue prices of the regular and residual interests in the REMIC Pool
immediately after the transfer thereof to the REMIC Pool. In a manner
analogous to the discussion above under "Taxation of Owners of Regular
Securities--Amortizable Premium," a
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person that holds a Mortgage Loan as a capital asset under Code Section 1221
may elect under Code Section 171 to amortize premium on Mortgage Loans
originated after September 27, 1985 under the constant yield method.
Amortizable bond premium will be treated as an offset to interest income on
the Mortgage Loans, rather than as a separate deduction item. Because
substantially all of the mortgagors on the Mortgage Loans are expected to be
individuals, Code Section 171 will not be available for premium on Mortgage
Loans originated on or prior to September 27, 1985. Premium with respect to
such Mortgage Loans may be deductible in accordance with a reasonable method
regularly employed by the holder thereof. The allocation of such premium pro
rata among principal payments should be considered a reasonable method;
however, the Internal Revenue Service may argue that such premium should be
allocated in a different manner, such as allocating such premium entirely to
the final payment of principal.
Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC Income
A portion (or all) of the REMIC taxable income includible in determining the
federal income tax liability of a Residual Holder will be subject to special
treatment. That portion, referred to as the "excess inclusion," is equal to
the excess of REMIC taxable income for the calendar quarter allocable to a
Residual Security over the daily accruals for such quarterly period of (i)
120% of the long-term applicable Federal rate that would have applied to the
Residual Security (if it were a debt instrument) on the Startup Day under Code
Section 1274(d), multiplied by (ii) the adjusted issue price of such Residual
Security at the beginning of such quarterly period. For this purpose, the
adjusted issue price of a Residual Security at the beginning of a quarter is
the issue price of the Residual Security, plus the amount of such daily
accruals of REMIC income described in this paragraph for all prior quarters,
decreased by any distributions made with respect to such Residual Security
prior to the beginning of such quarterly period. Accordingly, the portion of
the REMIC Pool's taxable income that will be treated as excess inclusions will
be a larger portion of such income as the adjusted issue price of the Residual
Securities diminishes.
The portion of a Residual Holder's REMIC taxable income consisting of the
excess inclusions generally may not be offset by other deductions, including
net operating loss carryforwards, on such Residual Holder's return. However,
net operating loss carryovers are determined without regard to excess
inclusion income. Further, if the Residual Holder is an organization subject
to the tax on unrelated business income imposed by Code Section 511, the
Residual Holder's excess inclusions will be treated as unrelated business
taxable income of such Residual Holder for purposes of Code Section 511. In
addition, REMIC taxable income is subject to 30% withholding tax with respect
to certain persons who are not U.S. Persons (as defined below under "Tax-
Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities--Foreign Investors"),
and the portion thereof attributable to excess inclusions is not eligible for
any reduction in the rate of withholding tax (by treaty or otherwise). See
"Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors--Residual Securities" below. Finally,
if a real estate investment trust or a regulated investment company owns a
Residual Security, a portion (allocated under Treasury regulations yet to be
issued) of dividends paid by the real estate investment trust or regulated
investment company could not be offset by net operating losses of its
shareholders, would constitute unrelated business taxable income for tax-
exempt shareholders, and would be ineligible for reduction of withholding to
certain persons who are not U.S. Persons. The SBJPA of 1996 has eliminated the
special rule permitting Section 593 institutions ("THRIFT INSTITUTIONS") to
use net operating losses and other allowable deductions to offset their excess
inclusion income from Residual Securities that have "significant value" within
the meaning of the REMIC Regulations, effective for taxable years beginning
after December 31, 1995, except with respect to Residual Securities
continuously held by a thrift institution since November 1, 1995.
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In addition, the SBJPA of 1996 provides three rules for determining the
effect of excess inclusions on the alternative minimum taxable income of a
Residual Holder. First, alternative minimum taxable income for a Residual
Holder is determined without regard to the special rule, discussed above, that
taxable income cannot be less than excess inclusions. Second, a Residual
Holder's alternative minimum taxable income for a taxable year cannot be less
than the excess inclusions for the year. Third, the amount of any alternative
minimum tax net operating loss deduction must be computed without regard to
any excess inclusions. These rules are effective for taxable years beginning
after December 31, 1986, unless a Residual Holder elects to have such rules
apply only to taxable years beginning after August 20, 1996.
Tax-Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities
Disqualified Organizations. If any legal or beneficial interest in a
Residual Security is transferred to a Disqualified Organization (as defined
below), a tax would be imposed in an amount equal to the product of (i) the
present value of the total anticipated excess inclusions with respect to such
Residual Security for periods after the transfer and (ii) the highest marginal
federal income tax rate applicable to corporations. The REMIC Regulations
provide that the anticipated excess inclusions are based on actual prepayment
experience to the date of the transfer and projected payments based on the
Prepayment Assumption. The present value rate equals the applicable Federal
rate under Code Section 1274(d) as of the date of the transfer for a term
ending with the last calendar quarter in which excess inclusions are expected
to accrue. Such rate is applied to the anticipated excess inclusions from the
end of the remaining calendar quarters in which they arise to the date of the
transfer. Such a tax generally would be imposed on the transferor of the
Residual Security, except that where such transfer is through an agent
(including a broker, nominee, or other middleman) for a Disqualified
Organization, the tax would instead be imposed on such agent. However, a
transferor of a Residual Security would in no event be liable for such tax
with respect to a transfer if the transferee furnished to the transferor an
affidavit stating that the transferee is not a Disqualified Organization and,
as of the time of the transfer, the transferor does not have actual knowledge
that such affidavit is false. The tax also may be waived by the Internal
Revenue Service if the Disqualified Organization promptly disposes of the
Residual Security and the transferor pays income tax at the highest corporate
rate on the excess inclusion for the period the Residual Security is actually
held by the Disqualified Organization.
In addition, if a "Pass-Through Entity" (as defined below) has excess
inclusion income with respect to a Residual Security during a taxable year and
a Disqualified Organization is the record holder of an equity interest in such
entity, then a tax is imposed on such entity equal to the product of (i) the
amount of excess inclusions that are allocable to the interest in the Pass-
Through Entity during the period such interest is held by such Disqualified
Organization, and (ii) the highest marginal federal corporate income tax rate.
Such tax would be deductible from the ordinary gross income of the Pass-
Through Entity for the taxable year. The Pass-Through Entity would not be
liable for such tax if it has received an affidavit from such record holder
that it is not a Disqualified Organization or stating such holder's taxpayer
identification number and, during the period such person is the record holder
of the Residual Security, the Pass-Through Entity does not have actual
knowledge that such affidavit is false.
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998, if an "electing
large partnership" holds a Residual Security, all interests in the electing
large partnership are treated as held by Disqualified Organizations for
purposes of the tax imposed upon a Pass-Through Entity by section 860E (c) of
the Code. An exception to this tax, otherwise available to a Pass-Through
Entity that is furnished certain affidavits by record holders of interests in
the entity and that does not know such affidavits are false, is not available
to an electing large partnership.
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For these purposes, (i) "DISQUALIFIED ORGANIZATION" means the United States,
any state or political subdivision thereof, any foreign government, any
international organization, any agency or instrumentality of any of the
foregoing (provided, that such term does not include an instrumentality if all
of its activities are subject to tax and a majority of its board of directors
in not selected by any such governmental entity), any cooperative organization
furnishing electric energy or providing telephone service or persons in rural
areas as described in Code Section 1381 (a) (2) (C), and any organization
(other than a farmers' cooperative described in Code Section 531) that is
exempt from taxation under the Code unless such organization is subject to the
tax on unrelated business income imposed by Code Section 511, and (ii) "PASS-
THROUGH ENTITY" means any regulated investment company, real estate investment
trust, common trust fund, partnership, trust or estate and certain
corporations operating on a cooperative basis. Except as may be provided in
Treasury regulations, any person holding an interest in a Pass-Through Entity
as a nominee for another will, with respect to such interest, be treated as a
Pass-Through Entity.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement with respect to a Series will provide
that no legal or beneficial interest in a Residual Security may be transferred
or registered unless (i) the proposed transferee furnished to the transferor
and the Trustee an affidavit providing its taxpayer identification number and
stating that such transferee is the beneficial owner of the Residual Security
and is not a Disqualified Organization and is not purchasing such Residual
Security on behalf of a Disqualified Organization (I.E., as a broker, nominee
or middleman thereof) and (ii) the transferor provides a statement in writing
to the Trustee that it has no actual knowledge that such affidavit is false.
Moreover, the Pooling and Servicing Agreement will provide that any attempted
or purported transfer in violation of these transfer restrictions will be null
and void and will vest no rights in any purported transferee. Each Residual
Security with respect to a Series will bear a legend referring to such
restrictions on transfer, and each Residual Holder will be deemed to have
agreed, as a condition of ownership thereof, to any amendments to the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement required under the Code or applicable Treasury
regulations to effectuate the foregoing restrictions. Information necessary to
compute an applicable excise tax must be furnished to the Internal Revenue
Service and to the requesting party within 60 days of the request, and the
Seller or the Trustee may charge a fee for computing and providing such
information.
Noneconomic Residual Interests. The REMIC Regulations would disregard
certain transfers of Residual Securities, in which case the transferor would
continue to be treated as the owner of the Residual Securities and thus would
continue to be subject to tax on its allocable portion of the net income of
the REMIC Pool. Under the REMIC Regulations, a transfer of a "noneconomic
residual interest" (as defined below) to a Residual Holder (other than a
Residual Holder who is not a U.S. Person as defined below under "Foreign
Investors") is disregarded to all federal income tax purposes if a significant
purpose of the transfer is to impede the assessment or collection of tax. A
residual interest in a REMIC (including a residual interest with a positive
value at issuance) is a "noneconomic residual interest" unless, at the time of
the transfer, (i) the present value of the expected future distributions on
the residual interest at least equals the product of the present value of the
anticipated excess inclusions and the highest corporate income tax rate in
effect for the year in which the transfer occurs, and (ii) the transferor
reasonably expects that the transferee will receive distributions from the
REMIC at or after the time at which taxes accrue on the anticipated excess
inclusions in an amount sufficient to satisfy the accrued taxes on each excess
inclusion. The anticipated excess inclusions and the present value rate are
determined in the same manner as set forth above under "Disqualified
Organizations." The REMIC Regulations explain that a significant purpose to
impede the assessment or collection of tax exists if the transferor, at the
time of the transfer, either knew or should have known that the transferee
would be unwilling or unable to pay taxes due on its
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share of the taxable income of the REMIC. A safe harbor is provided if (i) the
transferor conducted, at the time of the transfer, a reasonable investigation
of the financial condition of the transferee and found that the transferee
historically had paid its debts as they came due and found no significant
evidence to indicate that the transferee would not continue to pay its debts
as they came due in the future, and (ii) the transferee represents to the
transferor that it understands that, as the holder of the non-economic
residual interest, the transferee may incur liabilities in excess of any cash
flows generated by the interest and that the transferee intends to pay taxes
associated with holding the residual interest as they become due. The Pooling
and Servicing Agreement with respect to each Series of Certificates will
require the transferee of a Residual Security to certify to the matters in the
preceding sentence as part of the affidavit described above under the heading
"Disqualified Organizations."
Foreign Investors. The REMIC Regulations provide that the transfer of a
Residual Security that has "tax avoidance potential" to a "foreign person"
will be disregarded for all federal tax purposes. This rule appears intended
to apply to a transferee who is not a "U.S. Person" (as defined below), unless
such transferee's income is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade
or business within the United States. A Residual Security is deemed to have
tax avoidance potential unless, at the time of the transfer, (i) the future
value of expected distributions equals at least 30% of the anticipated excess
inclusions after the transfer, and (ii) the transferor reasonably expects that
the transferee will receive sufficient distributions from the REMIC Pool at or
after the time at which the excess inclusions accrue and prior to the end of
the next succeeding taxable year for the accumulated withholding tax liability
to be paid. If the non-U.S. Person transfers the Residual Security back to a
U.S. Person, the transfer will be disregarded and the foreign transferor will
continue to be treated as the owner unless arrangements are made so that the
transfer does not have the effect of allowing the transferor to avoid tax on
accrued excess inclusions.
The Prospectus Supplement relating to the Certificates of a Series may
provide that a Residual Security may not be purchased by or transferred to any
person that is not a U.S. Person or may describe the circumstances and
restrictions pursuant to which such a transfer may be made. The term "U.S.
PERSON" means a citizens or resident of the United States, a corporation,
partnership (except as provided in applicable Treasury regulations) or other
entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any
political subdivision thereof, an estate that is subject to U.S. federal
income tax regardless of the source of its income, or a trust if a court
within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the
administration of such trust and one or more such U.S. Persons have the
authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust (or, to the
extent provided in applicable Treasury regulations, certain trusts in
existence on August 20, 1996 which are eligible to elect to be treated as U.S.
Persons).
Sale or Exchange of a Residual Security
Upon the sale or exchange of a Residual Security, the Residual Holder will
recognize gain or loss equal to the excess, if any, of the amount realized
over the adjusted basis (as described above under "Taxation of Owners of
Residual Securities--Basis and Losses") of such Residual Holder in such
Residual Security at the time of the sale or exchange. In addition to
reporting the taxable income of the REMIC Pool, a Residual Holder will have
taxable income to the extent that any cash distribution to it from the REMIC
Pool exceeds such adjusted basis on that Distribution Date. Such income will
be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of the Residual Holder's Residual
Security, in which case, if the Residual Holder has an adjusted basis in its
Residual Security remaining when its interest in the REMIC Pool terminates,
and if it holds such Residual Security as a capital asset under Code Section
1221, then it will recognize a capital loss at that time in the amount of such
remaining adjusted basis.
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Any gain on the sale of a Residual Security will be treated as ordinary
income (i) if a Residual Security is held as part of a "conversion
transaction" as defined in Code Section 1258(c), up to the amount of interest
that would have accrued on the Residual Holder's net investment in the
conversion transaction at 120% of the appropriate applicable Federal rate in
effect at the time the taxpayer entered into the transaction minus any amount
previously treated as ordinary income with respect to any prior disposition of
property that was held as a part of such transaction or (ii) in the case of a
non-corporate taxpayer, to the extent such taxpayer has made an election under
Code Section 163 (d) (4) to have net capital gains taxed as investment income
at ordinary income rates. In addition, gain or loss recognized from the sale
of a Residual Security by certain banks or thrift institutions will be treated
as ordinary income or loss pursuant to Code Section 582(c).
The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act provides that, except as
provided in Treasury regulations yet to be issued, the wash sale rules of Code
Section 1091 will apply to dispositions of Residual Securities where the
seller of the Residual Security, during the period beginning six months before
the sale or disposition of the Residual Security and ending six months after
such sale or disposition, acquires (or enters into any other transaction that
results in the application of Code Section 1091) any residual interest in any
REMIC or any interest in a "taxable mortgage pool" (such as a non-REMIC owner
trust) that is economically comparable to a Residual Security.
Mark to Market Regulations
On December 24, 1996, the Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations
(the "MARK TO MARKET REGULATIONS") under Code Section 475 relating to the
requirement that a securities dealer mark to market securities held for sale
to customers. This mark-to-market requirement applies to all securities of a
dealer, except to the extent that the dealer has specifically identified a
security as held for investment. The Mark to Market Regulations provide that,
for purposes of this mark to market requirement, a Residual Security is not
treated as a security and thus may not be marked to market. The Mark to Market
Regulations apply to all Residual Securities acquired on or after January 4,
1995.
Taxes That May Be Imposed on the REMIC Pool
Prohibited Transactions
Income from certain transaction by the REMIC Pool, called prohibited
transactions, will not be part of the calculation of income or loss includible
in the federal income tax returns of Residual Holders, but rather will be
taxed directly to the REMIC Pool at a 100% rate. Prohibited transactions
generally include (i) the disposition of a qualified mortgages other than for
(a) substitution within two years of the Startup Day for a defective
(including a defaulted) obligation (or repurchase in lieu of substitution of a
defective (including a defaulted) obligation at any time) or for any qualified
mortgage within three months of the Startup Day, (b) foreclosure, default, or
imminent default of a qualified mortgage, (c) bankruptcy or insolvency of the
REMIC Pool, or (d) a qualified (complete) liquidation, (ii) the receipt of
income from assets that are not the type of mortgages or investments that the
REMIC Pool is permitted to hold, (iii) the receipt of compensation for
services, or (iv) the receipt of gain from disposition of cash flow
investments other than pursuant to a qualified liquidation. Notwithstanding
(i) and (iv), it is not a prohibited transaction to sell a qualified mortgage
or cash flow investment held by a REMIC Pool to prevent a default on Regular
Securities as a result of a default on qualified mortgages or to facilitate a
clean-up call (generally, an optional termination to save administrative costs
when no more than a small percentage of the Securities is outstanding). The
REMIC Regulations indicate that the modification of a Mortgage Loan generally
will not be treated as a disposition
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if it is occasioned by a default or reasonably foreseeable default, an
assumption of the Mortgage Loan, the waiver of a due-on-sale or due-on-
encumbrance clause, or the conversion of an interest rate by a mortgagor
pursuant to the terms of a convertible adjustable rate Mortgage Loan.
Contributions to the REMIC Pool After the Startup Day
In general, the REMIC Pool will be subject to a tax at a 100% rate on the
value of any property contributed to the REMIC Pool after the Startup Day.
Exceptions are provided for cash contributions to the REMIC Pool (i) during
the three months following the Startup Day, (ii) made to a qualified reserve
fund by a Residual Holder, (iii) in the nature of a guarantee, (iv) made to
facilitate a qualified liquidation or clean-up call, and (v) as otherwise
permitted in Treasury regulations yet to be issued. It is not anticipated that
there will be any contributions to the REMIC Pool after the Startup Day.
Net Income from Foreclosure Property
The REMIC Pool will be subject of federal income tax at the highest
corporate rate on "net income from foreclosure property," determined by
reference to the rules applicable to real estate investment trusts. Generally,
property acquired by deed in lieu of foreclosure would be treated as
"foreclosure property" until the close of the third calender year after the
year in which the REMIC Pool acquired such property, with possible extensions.
Net income from foreclosure property generally means gain from the sale of a
foreclosure property that is inventory property and gross income from
foreclosure property other than qualifying rents and other qualifying income
for a real estate investment trust. It is not anticipated that the REMIC Pool
will have any taxable net income from foreclosure property.
Liquidation of the REMIC Pool
If a REMIC Pool adopts a plan of complete liquidation, within the meaning of
Code Section 860F (a) (4) (A) (i), which may be accomplished by designating in
the REMIC Pool's final tax return a date on which such adoption is deemed to
occur, and sells all of its assets (other than cash) within a 90-day period
beginning on such date, the REMIC Pool will not be subject to the prohibited
transaction rules on the sale of its assets, provided that the REMIC Pool
credits or distributes in liquidation all of the sale proceeds plus its cash
(other than amounts retained to meet claims) to holders of Regular Securities
and Residual Holders within the 90-day period.
Administrative Matters
The REMIC Pool will be required to maintain its books on a calendar year
basis and to file federal income tax returns for federal income tax purposes
in a manner similar to a partnership. The form for such income tax return is
Form 1066, U.S. Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit Income Tax Return. The
Trustee will be required to sign the REMIC Pool's returns. Treasury
regulations provide that, except where there is a single Residual Holder for
an entire taxable year, the REMIC Pool will be subject to the procedural and
administrative rules of the Code applicable to partnerships, including the
determination by the Internal Revenue Service of any adjustments to, among
other things, items of REMIC income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit in a
unified administrative proceeding. The Master Servicer will be obligated to
act as "tax matters person," as defined in applicable Treasury regulations,
with respect to the REMIC Pool as agent of the Residual Holders holding the
largest percentage interest in the Residual Securities. If the Code or
applicable Treasury regulations do not permit the Master Servicer to act as
tax matters person in its capacity as agent of such Residual Holder, such
Residual Holder or such other person specified pursuant to Treasury
regulations will be required to act as tax
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matters person. The tax matters person generally has responsibility for
overseeing and providing notice to the other Residual Holders of certain
administrative and judicial proceedings regarding the REMIC Pool's tax
affairs, although other holders of the Residual Securities of the same series
would be able to participate in such proceedings in appropriate circumstances.
Limitations on Deduction of Certain Expenses
An investor who is an individual, estate, or trust will be subject to
limitation with respect to certain itemized deductions described in Code
Section 67, to the extent that such itemized deductions, in the aggregate, do
not exceed 2% of the investor's adjusted gross income. In addition, Code
Section 68 provides that itemized deductions otherwise allowable for a taxable
year of an individual taxpayer will be reduced by the lesser or (i) 3% of the
excess, if any, of adjusted gross income over $100,000 ($50,000 in the case of
a married individual filing a separate return) (subject to adjustment for
inflation), or (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions otherwise
allowable for such year. In the case of a REMIC Pool, such deductions may
include deductions under Code Section 212 for the Servicing Fee and all
administrative and other expenses relating to the REMIC Pool, or any similar
expenses allocated to the REMIC Pool with respect to a regular interest it
holds in another REMIC. Such investors who hold REMIC Securities either
directly or indirectly through certain pass-through entities may have their
pro rata share of such expenses allocated to them as additional gross income,
but may be subject to such limitation on deductions. In addition, such
expenses are not deductible at all for purposes of computing the alternative
minimum tax, and may cause such investors to be subject to significant
additional tax liability. Temporary Treasury regulations provide that the
additional gross income and corresponding amount of expenses generally are to
be allocated entirely to the holders of Residual Securities in the case of a
REMIC Pool that would not qualify as a fixed investment trust in the absence
of a REMIC election. With respect to a REMIC Pool that would be classified as
an investment trust in the absence of a REMIC election or that is
substantially similar to an investment trust, any holder of a Regular Security
that is an individual, trust, estate, or pass-through entity also will be
allocated its pro rata share of such expenses and a corresponding amount of
income and will be subject to the limitations or deductions imposed by Code
Sections 67 and 68, as described above. The applicable Prospectus Supplement
will indicate if all such expenses will not be allocable to the Residual
Securities. In general, such allocable portion will be determined based on the
ratio that a REMIC Securityholder's income, determined on a daily basis, bears
to the income of all holders of Regular Securities and Residual Securities
with respect to a REMIC Pool. As a result, individuals, estates or trusts
holding REMIC Securities (either directly or indirectly through a grantor
trust, partnership, S corporation, REMIC, or certain other pass-through
entities described in the foregoing temporary Treasury regulations) may have
taxable income in excess of the interest income at the pass-through rate on
Regular Securities that are issued in a single class or otherwise consistently
with fixed investment trust status or in excess of cash distributions for the
related period on Residual Securities.
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors
Regular Securities
Interest, including original issue discount, distributable to Regular
Securityholders who are non-resident aliens, foreign corporations, or other
Non-U.S. Persons (as defined below), generally will be considered "portfolio
interest" and, therefore, generally will not be subject to 30% United States
withholding tax, provided that (i) such interest is not effectively connected
with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States of the
Securityholder, (ii) such Non-U.S. Person is not a "10-percent shareholder"
within the meaning of Code Section 871 (h) (3) (B)
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or a controlled foreign corporation described in Code Section 881 (c) (3) (C)
and (iii) such Non-U.S. Person provides the Trustee, or the person who would
otherwise be required to withhold tax from such distributions under Code
Section 1441 or 1442, with an appropriate statement, signed under penalties of
perjury, identifying the beneficial owner and stating, among other things,
that the beneficial owner of the Regular Security is a Non-U.S. Person. If
such statement, or any other required statement, is not provided, 30%
withholding will apply unless reduced or eliminated pursuant to an applicable
tax treaty or unless the interest on the Regular Security is effectively
connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States by
such Non-U.S. Person. In the latter case, such Non-U.S. Person will be subject
to United States federal income tax at regular rates. Investors who are Non-
U.S. Persons should consult their own tax advisors regarding the specific tax
consequences to them of owning a Regular Security. The term "NON-U.S. PERSON"
means any person who is not a U.S. Person.
The IRS recently issued final regulations (the "NEW REGULATIONS") which
would provide alternative methods of satisfying the beneficial ownership
certification requirement described above. The New Regulations are effective
January 1, 2000, although valid withholding certificates that are held on
December 31, 1999 remain valid until the earlier of December 31, 2000 or the
due date of expiration of the certificate under the rules as currently in
effect. The New Regulations would require, in the case of Regular Certificates
held by a foreign partnership, that (x) the certification described above be
provided by the partners rather than by the foreign partnership and (y) the
partnership provide certain information, including a United States taxpayer
identification number. A look-through rule would apply in the case of tiered
partnerships. Non-U.S. Persons should consult their own tax advisors
concerning the application of the certification requirements in the New
Regulations.
Residual Securities
The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act indicates that amounts paid
to Residual Holders who are Non-U.S. Persons generally should be treated as
interest for purposes of the 30% (or lower treaty rate) United States
withholding tax. Treasury regulations provide that amount distributed to
Residual Holders may qualify as "portfolio interest," subject to the
conditions described in "Regular Securities" above, but only to the extent
that (i) the Mortgage Loans were issued after July 18, 1984 and (ii) the Trust
Estate or segregated pool of assets therein (as to which a separate REMIC
election will be made), to which the Residual Security relates, consists of
obligations issued in "registered form" within the meaning of Code Section 163
(f) (1). Generally, Mortgage Loans will not be, but regular interests in
another REMIC Pool will be, considered obligations issued in registered form.
Furthermore, Residual Holders will not be entitled to any exemption from the
30% withholding tax (or lower treaty rate) to the extent of that portion of
REMIC taxable income that constitutes an "excess inclusion." See "Taxation of
Owners of Residual Securities--Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC
Income." If the amounts paid to Residual Holders who are Non-U.S. Persons are
effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the
United States by such Non-U.S. Persons, 30% (or lower treaty rate) withholding
will not apply. Instead, the amounts paid to such Non-U.S. Persons will be
subject to United States federal income tax at regular rates. If 30% (or lower
treaty rate) withholding is applicable, such amounts generally will be taken
into account for purposes of withholding only when paid or otherwise
distributed (or when the Residual Security is disposed of) under rules similar
to withholding upon disposition of debt instruments that have original issue
discount. See "Tax-Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities--
Foreign Investors" above concerning the disregard of certain transfers having
"tax avoidance potential." Investors who are Non-U.S. Persons should consult
their own tax advisors regarding the specific tax consequences to them of
owning Residual Securities.
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Backup Withholding
Distributions made on the Regular Securities, and proceeds from the sale of
the Regular Securities to or through certain brokers, may be subject to a
"backup" withholding tax under Code Section 3406 of 31% on "reportable
payments" (including interest distributions, original issue discount, and,
under certain circumstances, principal distributions) unless the Regular
Holder complies with certain reporting and/or certification procedures,
including the provision of its taxpayer identification number to the Trustee,
its agent or the broker who effected the sale of the Regular Security, or such
Holder is otherwise an exempt recipient under applicable provisions of the
Code. Any amounts to be withheld from distribution on the Regular Securities
would be refunded by the Internal Revenue Service or allowed as a credit
against the Regular Holder's federal income tax liability.
Reporting Requirements
Reports of accrued interest, original issue discount and information
necessary to compute the accrual of market discount will be made annually to
the Internal Revenue Service and to individuals, estates, non-exempt and non-
charitable trusts, and partnerships who are either holders of record of
Regular Securities or beneficial owners who own Regular Securities through a
broker or middleman as nominee. All brokers, nominees and all other non-exempt
holders of record of Regular Securities (including corporations, non-calendar
year taxpayers, securities or commodities dealers, real estate investment
trusts, investment companies, common trust funds, thrift institutions and
charitable trusts) may request such information for any calendar quarter by
telephone or in writing by contacting the person designated in Internal
Revenue Service Publication 938 with respect to a particular Series of Regular
Securities. Holders through nominees must request such information from the
nominee.
The Internal Revenue Service's Form 1066 has an accompanying Schedule Q,
Quarterly Notice to Residual Interest Holders of REMIC Taxable Income or Net
Loss Allocation. Treasury regulations require that Schedule Q be furnished by
the REMIC Pool to each Residual Holder by the end of the month following the
close of each calendar quarter (41 days after the end of a quarter under
proposed Treasury regulations) in which the REMIC Pool is in existence).
Treasury regulations require that, in addition to the foregoing requirements,
information must be furnished quarterly to Residual Holders, furnished
annually, if applicable, to holders of Regular Securities, and filed annually
with the Internal Revenue Service concerning Code Section 67 expenses (see
"Limitations on Deduction of Certain Expenses" above) allocable to such
holders. Furthermore, under such regulations, information must be furnished
quarterly to Residual Holders, furnished annually to holders of Regular
Securities, and filed annually with the Internal Revenue Service concerning
the percentage of the REMIC Pool's assets meeting the qualified asset tests
described above under "Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities."
Residual Holders should be aware that their responsibilities as holders of
the residual interest in a REMIC Pool, including the duty to account for their
shares of the REMIC Pool's income or loss on their returns, continue for the
life of the REMIC Pool, even after the principal and interest on their
Residual Securities have been paid in full.
Treasury regulations provide that a Residual Holder is not required to treat
items on its return consistently with their treatment on the REMIC Pool's
return if the Holder owns 100% of the Residual Securities for the entire
calendar year. Otherwise, each Residual Holder is required to treat items on
its returns consistently with their treatment on the REMIC Pool's return,
unless the Holder either files a statement identifying the inconsistency or
establishes that the inconsistency resulted from incorrect information
received from the REMIC Pool. The Internal Revenue Service may assess a
deficiency resulting from a failure to comply with the consistency
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requirement without instituting an administrative proceeding at the REMIC Pool
level. A REMIC Pool typically will not register as a tax shelter pursuant to
Code section 6111 because it generally will not have a net loss for any of the
first five taxable years of its existence. Any person that holds a Residual
Security as a nominee for another person may be required to furnish the
related REMIC Pool, in a manner to be provided in Treasury regulations, with
the name and address of such person and other specified information.
GRANTOR TRUST FUNDS
Classification of Grantor Trust Funds
With respect to each series of Grantor Trust Securities, assuming compliance
with all provisions of the related Agreement, in the opinion of Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft, the related Grantor Trust Fund will be classified as a
grantor trust under subpart E, part I of subchapter J of the Code and not as a
partnership, an association taxable as a corporation, or a "taxable mortgage
pool" within the meaning of Code Section 7701 (i). Accordingly, each holder of
a Grantor Trust Security generally will be treated as the beneficial owner of
an undivided interest in the Mortgage Loans included in the Grantor Trust
Fund.
STANDARD SECURITIES
General
Where there is no Retained Interest or "excess" servicing with respect to
the Mortgage Loans underlying the Securities of a Series, and where such
Securities are not designated as "STRIPPED SECURITIES," the holder of each
such Security in such Series (referred to herein as "STANDARD SECURITIES")
will be treated as the owner of a pro rata undivided interest in the ordinary
income and corpus portions of the Grantor Trust Fund represented by its
Standard Security and will be considered the beneficial owner of a pro rata
undivided interest in each of the Mortgage Loans, subject to the discussion
below under "Recharacterization of Servicing Fees." Accordingly, the holder of
a Standard Security of a particular Series will be required to report on its
federal income tax return its pro rata share of the entire income from the
Mortgage Loans represented by its Standard Security, including interest at the
coupon rate on such Mortgage Loans, original issue discount (if any),
prepayment fees, assumption fees, and late payment charges received by the
Servicer, in accordance with such Securityholder's method of accounting. A
Securityholder generally will be able to deduct its share of the Servicing Fee
and all administrative and other expenses of the Trust Estate in accordance
with its method of accounting, provided that such amounts are reasonable
compensation for services rendered to that Grantor Trust Fund. However,
investors who are individuals, estates or trusts who own Securities, either
directly or indirectly through certain pass-through entities, will be subject
to limitations with respect to certain itemized deductions described in Code
Section 67, including deductions under Code Section 212 for the Servicing Fee
and all such administrative and other expenses of the Grantor Trust Fund, to
the extent that such deductions, in the aggregate, do not exceed two percent
of an investor's adjusted gross income. In addition, Code Section 68 provides
that itemized deductions otherwise allowable for a taxable year of an
individual taxpayer will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess, if
any, of adjusted gross income over $100,000 ($50,000 in the case of a married
individual filing a separate return) (in each case, as adjusted for post-1991
inflation), or (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions otherwise
allowable for such year. As a result, such investors holding Standard
Securities, directly or indirectly through a pass-through entity, may have
aggregate taxable income in excess of the aggregate amount of cash received on
such Standard Securities with respect to interest at the pass-through rate or
as discount income on such Standard Securities. In addition, such expenses are
not deductible at all for purposes of computing the alternative minimum tax,
and
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may cause such investors to be subject to significant additional tax
liability. Moreover, where there is Retained Interest with respect to the
Mortgage Loans underlying a Series of Securities or where the servicing fees
are in excess of reasonable servicing compensation, the transaction will be
subject to the application of the "stripped bond" and "stripped coupon" rules
of the Code, as described below under "Stripped Securities" and
"Recharacterization of Servicing Fees," respectively.
Holders of Standard Securities, particularly any class of a Series which is
a Subordinate Security, may incur losses of interest or principal with respect
to the Mortgage Loans. Such losses would be deductible generally only as
described above under "REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--
Treatment of Losses," except that Securityholders on the cash method of
accounting would not be required to report qualified stated interest as income
until actual receipt.
Tax Status
With respect to a series, in the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft,
except with respect to that portion of a Trust Fund consisting of Unsecured
Home Improvement Loans:
1. A Standard Security owned by a "domestic building and loan
association" within the meaning of Code Section 7701 (a) (19) will be
considered to represent "loans . . . secured by an interest in real
property which is . . . residential real property" within the meaning of
Code Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v), provided that the real property
securing the Mortgage Loans represented by that Standard Security is of the
type described in such section of the Code.
2. A Standard Security owned by a real estate investment trust will be
considered to represent "real estate assets" within the meaning of Code
Section 856 (c) (4) (A) to the extent that the assets of the related
Grantor Trust Fund consist of qualified assets, and interest income on such
assets will be considered "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on
real property" to such extent within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c)
(3) (B).
3. A Standard Security owned by a REMIC will be considered to represent
an "obligation (including any participation or certificate of beneficial
ownership therein) which is principally secured by an interest in real
property" within the meaning of Code Section 860G (a) (3) (A) to the extent
that the assets of the related Grantor Trust Fund consist of "qualified
mortgages" within the meaning of Code Section 860G (a) (3).
An issue arises as to whether Buydown Mortgage Loans may be characterized in
their entirety under the Code provisions cited in clauses 1 and 2 of the
immediately preceding paragraph or whether the amount qualifying for such
treatment must be reduced by the amount of the Buydown Mortgage Funds. There
is indirect authority supporting treatment of an investment in a Buydown
Mortgage Loan as entirely secured by real property if the fair market value of
the real property securing the loan exceeds the principal amount of the loan
at the time of issuance or acquisition, as the case may be. There is no
assurance that the treatment described above is proper. Accordingly,
Securityholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the
effects of such arrangements on the characterization of such Securityholder's
investment for federal income tax purposes.
Premium and Discount
The Depositor recommends that Securityholders consult with their tax
advisors as to the federal income tax treatment of premium and discount
arising either upon initial acquisition of Standard Securities or thereafter.
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Premium. The treatment of premium incurred upon the purchase of a Standard
Security will be determined generally as described above under "REMICs--
Taxation of Owners of Residual Securities Premium."
Original Issue Discount. The original issue discount rules of Code Section
1271 through 1275 will be applicable to a Securityholder's interest in those
Mortgage Loans as to which the conditions for the application of those
sections are met. Rules regarding periodic inclusion of original issue
discount income generally are applicable to mortgages originated after March
2, 1984. The rules allowing for the amortization of premium are available with
respect to mortgage loans originated after September 27, 1985. Under the OID
Regulations, original issue discount could arise by the charging of points by
the originator of the mortgages in an amount greater than the statutory de
minimis exception, including a payment of points that is currently deductible
by the borrower under applicable Code provisions or, under certain
circumstances, by the presence of "teaser" rates on the Mortgage Loans. See
"Stripped Securities" below regarding original issue discount on Stripped
Securities.
Original issue discount generally must be reported as ordinary gross income
as it accrues under a constant interest method that takes into account the
compounding of interest, in advance of the cash attributable to such income.
No prepayment assumption will be assumed for purposes of such accrual except
as set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. However, Code Section
1272 provides for a reduction in the amount of original issue discount
includible in the income of a holder of an obligation that acquires the
obligation after its initial issuance at a price greater than the sum of the
original issue price and the previously accrued original issue discount, less
prior payments of principal. Accordingly, if such Mortgage Loans acquired by a
Securityholder are purchased at a price equal to the then unpaid principal
amount of such Mortgage Loans, no original issue discount attributable to the
difference between the issue price and the original principal amount of such
Mortgage Loans (i.e., points) will be includible by such holder.
Market Discount. Securityholders also will be subject to the market discount
rules to the extent that the conditions for application of those sections are
met. Market discount on the Mortgage Loans will be determined and will be
reported as ordinary income generally in the manner described above under
"REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Market Discount," except
that the ratable accrual methods described therein will not apply. Rather, the
holder will accrue market discount pro rata over the life of the Mortgage
Loans, unless the constant yield method is elected. No prepayment assumption
will be assumed for purposes of such accrual except as set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Recharacterization of Servicing Fees
If the servicing fees paid to a Servicer were deemed to exceed reasonable
servicing compensation, the amount of such excess would represent neither
income nor a deduction to Securityholders. In this regard, there are no
authoritative guidelines for federal income tax purposes as to either the
maximum amount of servicing compensation that may be considered reasonable in
the context of this or similar transactions or whether, in the case of
Standard Securities, the reasonableness of servicing compensation should be
determined on a weighted average or loan-by-loan basis. If a loan-by-loan
basis is appropriate, the likelihood that such amount would exceed reasonable
servicing compensation as to some of the Mortgage Loans would be increased.
Internal Revenue Service guidance indicates that a servicing fee in excess of
reasonable compensation ("EXCESS SERVICING" ) will cause the Mortgage Loans to
be treated under the "stripped bond" rules. Such guidance provides safe
harbors for servicing deemed to be reasonable and requires taxpayers to
demonstrate that the value of servicing fees in excess of such amounts is not
greater than the value of the services provided.
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Accordingly, if the Internal Revenue Service's approach is upheld, a
Servicer who receives a servicing fee in excess of such amounts would be
viewed as retaining an ownership interest in a portion of the interest
payments on the Mortgage Loans. Under the rules of Code Section 1286, the
separation of ownership of the right to receive some or all of the interest
payments on an obligation from the right to receive some or all of the
principal payments on the obligation would result in treatment of such
Mortgage Loans as "stripped coupons" and "stripped bonds." Subject to the DE
MINIMIS rule discussed below under "Stripped Securities," each stripped bond
or stripped coupon could be considered for this purpose as a non-interest
bearing obligation issued on the date of issue of the Standard Securities, and
the original issue discount rules of the Code would apply to the holder
thereof. While Securityholders would still be treated as owners of beneficial
interests in a grantor trust for federal income tax purposes, the corpus of
such trust could be viewed as excluding the portion of the Mortgage Loans the
ownership of which is attributed to the Servicer, or as including such portion
as a second class of equitable interest. Applicable Treasury regulations treat
such an arrangement as a fixed investment trust, since the multiple classes of
trust interests should be treated as merely facilitating direct investments in
the trust assets and the existence of multiple classes of ownership interests
is incidental to that purpose. In general, such a recharacterization should
not have any significant effect upon the timing or amount of income reported
by a Securityholder, except that the income reported by a cash method holder
may be slightly accelerated. See "Stripped Securities" below for a further
description of the federal income tax treatment of stripped bonds and stripped
coupons.
Sale or Exchange of Standard Securities
Upon sale or exchange of a Standard Securities, a Securityholder will
recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on
the sale and its aggregate adjusted basis in the Mortgage Loans and other
assets represented by the Security. In general, the aggregate adjusted basis
will equal the Securityholder's cost for the Standard Security, exclusive of
accrued interest, increased by the amount of any income previously reported
with respect to the Standard Security and decreased by the amount of any
losses previously reported with respect to the Standard Security and the
amount of any distributions (other than accrued interest) received thereon.
Except as provided above with respect to market discount on any Mortgage
Loans, and except for certain financial institutions subject to the provisions
of Code Section 582(c), any such gain or loss generally would be capital gain
or loss if the Standard Security was held as a capital asset. However, gain on
the sale of a Standard Security will be treated as ordinary income (i) if a
Standard Security is held as part of a "conversion transaction" as defined in
Code Section 1258(c), up to the amount of interest that would have accrued on
the Securityholder's net investment in the conversion transaction at 120% of
the appropriate applicable Federal rate in effect at the time the taxpayer
entered into the transaction minus any amount previously treated as ordinary
income with respect to any prior disposition of property that was held as part
of such transaction or (ii) in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, to the
extent such taxpayer has made an election under Code Section 163 (d) (4) to
have net capital gains taxed as investment income at ordinary income rates.
Long-term capital gains of certain non-corporate taxpayers generally are
subject to a lower maximum tax rate (20%) than ordinary income or short-term
capital gains of such taxpayers (39.6%) for property held for more than one
year. The maximum tax rate for corporations currently is the same with respect
to both ordinary income and capital gains.
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STRIPPED SECURITIES
General
Pursuant to Code Section 1286, the separation of ownership of the right to
receive some or all of the principal payments on an obligation from ownership
of the right to receive some or all of the interest payments results in the
creation of "stripped bonds" with respect to principal payments and "stripped
coupons" with respect to interest payments. For purposes of this discussion,
Securities that are subject to those rules will be referred to as "STRIPPED
SECURITIES." In the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the Securities
will be subject to those rules if (i) the Depositor or any of its affiliates
retains (for its own account or for purposes of resale), in the form of
Retained Interest or otherwise, an ownership interest in a portion of the
payments on the Mortgage Loans, (ii) the Depositor or any of its affiliates is
treated as having an ownership interest in the Mortgage Loans to the extent it
is paid (or retains) servicing compensation in an amount greater than
reasonable consideration for servicing the Mortgage Loans (see "Standard
Securities--Recharacterization of Servicing Fees" above), and (iii) a Class of
Securities are issued in two or more Classes or Subclasses representing the
right to non-pro-rata percentages of the interest and principal payments on
the Mortgage Loans.
In general, a holder of a Stripped Security will be considered to own
"stripped bonds" with respect to its pro rata share of all or a portion of the
principal payments on each Mortgage Loan and/or "stripped coupons" with
respect to its pro rata share of all or a portion of the interest payments on
each Mortgage Loan, including the Stripped Security's allocable share of the
servicing fees paid to a Servicer, to the extent that such fees represent
reasonable compensation for services rendered. See the discussion above under
"Standard Securities--Recharacterization of Servicing Fees." Although not free
from doubt, for purposes of reporting to Stripped Securityholders, the
servicing fees will be allocated to the classes of Stripped Securities in
proportion to the distributions to such Classes for the related period or
periods. The holder of a Stripped Security generally will be entitled to a
deduction each year in respect of the servicing fees, as described above under
"Standard Securities--General," subject to the limitation described therein.
Code Section 1286 treats a stripped bond or a stripped coupon generally as
an obligation issued at an original issue discount on the date that such
stripped interest is purchased. Although the treatment of Stripped Securities
for federal income tax purposes is not clear in certain respects, particularly
where such Stripped Securities are issued with respect to a Mortgage Pool
containing variable-rate Mortgage Loans, in the opinion of Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft, (i) the Grantor Trust Fund will be treated as a grantor
trust under subpart E, Part I of subchapter J of the Code and not as an
association taxable as a corporation or a "taxable mortgage pool" within the
meaning of Code Section 7701 (i), and (ii) each Stripped Security should be
treated as a single installment obligation for purposes of calculating
original issue discount and gain or loss on disposition. This treatment is
based on the interrelationship of Code Section 1286, Code Sections 1272
through 1275, and the OID Regulations. Although it is possible that
computations with respect to Stripped Securities could be made in one of the
ways described below under "Possible Alternative Characterizations," the OID
Regulations state, in general, that two or more debt instruments issued by a
single issuer to a single investor in a single transaction should be treated
as a single debt instrument. Accordingly, for original issue discount
purposes, all payments on any Stripped Securities should be aggregated and
treated as though they were made on a single debt instrument. The Pooling and
Servicing Agreement will require that the Trustee make and report all
computations described below using this aggregate approach, unless substantial
legal authority requires otherwise.
Furthermore, Treasury regulations provide for treatment of a Stripped
Security as a single debt instrument issued on the date it is purchased for
purposes of calculating any original issue
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discount. In addition, under such regulations, a Stripped Security that
represents a right to payments of both interest and principal may be viewed
either as issued with original issue discount or market discount (as described
below), at a DE MINIMIS original issue discount, or, presumably, at a premium.
This treatment indicates that the interest component of such a Stripped
Security would be treated as qualified stated interest under the OID
Regulations, assuming it is not an interest-only or super-premium Stripped
Security. Further, these regulations provide that the purchaser of such a
Stripped Security will be required to account for any discount as market
discount rather than original issue discount if either (i) the initial
discount with respect to the Stripped Security was treated as zero under the
DE MINIMIS rule, or (ii) no more than 100 basis points in excess of reasonable
servicing is stripped off the related Mortgage Loans. Any such market discount
would be reportable as described above under "REMICs--Taxation of Owners of
Regular Securities--Market Discount," without regard to the DE MINIMIS rule
therein, assuming that a prepayment assumption is employed in such
computation.
The holder of a Stripped Security will be treated as owning an interest in
each of the Mortgage Loans held by the Grantor Trust Fund and will recognize
an appropriate share of the income and expenses associated with the Mortgage
Loans. Accordingly, an individual, trust or estate that holds a Stripped
Security directly or through a pass-through entity will be subject to the
limitations on deductions imposed by Code Sections 67 and 68.
A holder of a Stripped Security, particularly any class of a Series which is
a Subordinate Security, may deduct losses incurred with respect to the
Stripped Security as described above under "Standard Securities General."
Status of Stripped Securities
No specific legal authority exists as to whether the character of the
Stripped Securities, for federal income tax purposes, will be the same as that
of the Mortgage Loans. Although the issue is not free from doubt, in the
opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, except with respect to a Trust Fund
consisting of Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, Stripped Securities owned by
applicable holders should be considered to represent 11 real estate assets"
within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c) (4) (A), "obligation [ s ] . . .
principally secured by an interest in real property which is . . . .
residential real estate" within the meaning of Code Section 860G (a) (3) (A),
and "loans . . . secured by an interest in real property" within the meaning
of Code Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v), and interest (including original issue
discount) income attributable to Stripped Securities should be considered to
represent "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property"
within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c) (3) (B), provided that in each case
the Mortgage Loans and interest on such Mortgage Loans qualify for such
treatment. The application of such Code provisions to Buydown Mortgage Loans
is uncertain. See "Standard Securities--Tax Status" above.
Taxation of Stripped Securities
Original Issue Discount. Except as described above under "General," each
Stripped Security will be considered to have been issued at an original issue
discount for federal income tax purposes. Original issue discount with respect
to a Stripped Security must be included in ordinary income as it accrues, in
accordance with a constant yield method that takes into account the
compounding of interest, which may be prior to the receipt of the cash
attributable to such income. Based in part on the issue discount required to
be included in the income of a holder of a Stripped Security (referred to in
this discussion as a "STRIPPED SECURITYHOLDER" ) in any taxable year likely
will be computed generally as described above under "REMICs--
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Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Original Issue Discount" and "--
Variable Rate Regular Securities." However, with the apparent exception of a
Stripped Security qualifying as a market discount obligation as described
above under "General," the issue price of a Stripped Security will be the
purchase price paid by each holder thereof, and the stated redemption price at
maturity will include the aggregate amount of the payments to be made on the
Stripped Security to such Securityholder, presumably under the Prepayment
Assumption, other than qualified stated interest.
If the Mortgage Loans prepay at a rate either faster or slower than that
under the Prepayment Assumption, a Securityholder's recognition of original
issue discount will be either accelerated or decelerated and the amount of
such original issue discount will be either increased or decreased depending
on the relative interests in principal and interest on each Mortgage Loan
represented by such Securityholder's Stripped Security. While the matter is
not free from doubt, the holder of a Stripped Security should be entitled in
the year that it becomes certain (assuming no further prepayments) that the
holder will not recover a portion of its adjusted basis in such Stripped
Security to recognize a loss (which may be a capital loss) equal to such
portion of unrecoverable basis.
As an alternative to the method described above, the fact that some or all
of the interest payments with respect to the Stripped Securities will not be
made if the Mortgage Loans are prepaid could lead to the interpretation that
such interest payments are "contingent" within the meaning of the OID
Regulations. The OID Regulations, as they relate to the treatment of
contingent interest, are by their terms not applicable to prepayable
securities such as the Stripped Securities. However, if final regulations
dealing with contingent interest with respect to the Stripped Securities apply
the same principles as the OID Regulations, such regulations may lead to
different timing of income inclusion that would be the case under the OID
Regulations. Furthermore, application of such principles could lead to the
characterization of gain on the sale of contingent interest Stripped
Securities as ordinary income. Investors should consult their tax advisors
regarding the appropriate tax treatment of Stripped Securities.
Sale or Exchange of Stripped Securities. Sale or exchange of a Stripped
Security prior to its maturity will result in gain or loss equal to the
difference, if any, between the amount received and the Securityholder's
adjusted basis in such Stripped Security, as described above under "REMICs--
Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Sale or Exchange of Regular
Securities." Gain or loss from the sale or exchange of a Stripped Security
generally will be capital gain or loss to the Securityholder if the Stripped
Security is held as a "capital asset" within the meaning of Code Section 1221,
and will be long-term or short-term depending on whether the Stripped Security
has been held for the long-term capital gain holding period (currently, more
than one year). To the extent that a subsequent purchaser's purchase price is
exceeded by the remaining payments on the Stripped Securities, such subsequent
purchaser will be required for federal income tax purposes to accrue and
report such excess as if it were original issue discount in the manner
described above. It is not clear for this purpose whether the assumed
prepayment rate that is to be used in the case of a Securityholder other than
an original Securityholder should be the Prepayment Assumption or a new rate
based on the circumstances at the date of subsequent purchase.
Purchase of More Than One Class of Stripped Securities. When an investor
purchases more than one Class of Stripped Securities, it is currently unclear
whether for federal income tax purposes such Classes of Stripped Securities
should be treated separately or aggregated for purposes of the rules described
above.
Possible Alternative Characterization. The characterizations of the Stripped
Securities discussed above are not the only possible interpretations of the
applicable Code provisions. For
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example, the Securityholder may be treated as the owner of (i) one installment
obligation consisting of such Stripped Security's pro rata share of the
payments attributable to principal on each Mortgage Loan and a second
installment obligation consisting of such Stripped Security's pro rata share
of the payments attributable to interest on each Mortgage Loan, (ii) as many
stripped bonds or stripped coupons as there are scheduled payments of
principal and/or interest on each Mortgage Loan, or (iii) a separate
installment obligation for each Mortgage Loan, representing the Stripped
Security's pro rata share of payments of principal and/or interest to be made
with respect thereto. Alternatively, the holder of one or more Classes of
Stripped Securities may be treated as the owner of a pro rata fractional
undivided interest in each Mortgage Loan to the extent that such Stripped
Security, or Classes of Stripped Securities in the aggregate, represent the
same pro rata portion of principal and interest on each such Mortgage Loan,
and a stripped bond or stripped coupon (as the case may be), treated as an
installment obligation or contingent payment obligation, as to the remainder.
Treasury regulations regarding original issue discount on stripped obligations
make the foregoing interpretations less likely to be applicable. The preamble
to such regulations states that they are premised on the assumption that an
aggregation approach is appropriate for determining whether original issue
discount on a stripped bond or stripped coupon is DE MINIMIS, and solicits
comments on appropriate rules for aggregating stripped bonds and stripped
coupons under Code Section 1286.
Because of these possible varying characterizations of Stripped Securities
and the resultant differing treatment of income recognition, Securityholders
are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of
Stripped Securities for federal income tax purposes.
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
The Trustee will furnish, within a reasonable time after the end of each
calendar year, to each Securityholder at any time during such year, such
information (prepared on the basis described above) as is necessary to enable
such Securityholder to prepare its federal income tax returns. Such
information will include the amount of original issue discount accrued on
Securities held by persons other than Securityholders exempted from the
reporting requirements. However, the amount required to be reported by the
Trustee may not be equal to the proper amount of original issue discount
required to be reported as taxable income by a Securityholder, other than an
original Securityholder that purchased at the issue price. In particular, in
the case of Stripped Securities, such reporting will be based upon a
representative initial offering price of each Class of Stripped Securities
except as set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The Trustee will
also file such original issue discount information with the Internal Revenue
Service. If a Securityholder fails to supply an accurate taxpayer
identification number or if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that a
Securityholder has not reported all interest and dividend income required to
be shown on his federal income tax return, 31% backup withholding may be
required in respect of any reportable payments, as described above under
"REMICs--Backup Withholding."
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors
To the extent that a Security evidences ownership in Mortgage Loans that are
issued on or before July 18, 1984, interest or original issue discount paid by
the person required to withhold tax under Code Section 1441 or 1442 to
nonresident aliens, foreign corporations, or other Non-U.S. persons generally
will be subject to 30% United States withholding tax, or such lower rate as
may be provided for interest by an applicable tax treaty. Accrued original
issue discount recognized by the Securityholder on the sale or exchange of
such a Security also will be subject to federal income tax at the same rate.
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Treasury regulations provide that interest or original issue discount paid
by the Trustee or other withholding agent to a Non-U.S. Person evidencing
ownership interest in Mortgage Loans issued after July 18, 1984 will be
"portfolio interest" and will be treated in the manner, and such persons will
be subject to the same certification requirements, described above under
"REMICs--Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors--Regular Securities."
PARTNERSHIP TRUST FUNDS
Classification of Partnership Trust Funds
With respect to each series of Partnership Securities or Debt Securities,
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft will deliver its opinion that the Trust Fund
will not be a taxable mortgage pool or an association (or publicly traded
partnership) taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. This
opinion will be based on the assumption that the terms of the related
Agreement and related documents will be complied with, and on counsel's
opinion that the nature of the income of the Trust Fund will exempt it from
the rule that certain publicly traded partnerships are taxable as
corporations.
Characterization of Investments in Partnership Securities and Debt Securities
For federal income tax purposes, (i) Partnership Securities and Debt
Securities held by a thrift institution taxed as a domestic building and loan
association will not constitute "loans.......... secured by an interest in real
property which is.......... residual real property'' within the meaning of Code
Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v) and (ii) interest on Debt Securities held by a
real estate investment trust will not be treated as ""interest on obligations
secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property''
within the meaning of Code Section 856(c) (3) (B), and Debt Securities held by
a real estate investment trust will not constitute ""real estate assets''
within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c) (4) (A), but Partnership Securities
held by a real estate investment trust will qualify under those sections based
on the real estate investments trust's proportionate interest in the assets of
the Partnership Trust Fund based on capital accounts.
Taxation of Debt Securityholders
Treatment of the Debt Securities as Indebtedness
The Depositor will agree, and the Securityholders will agree by their
purchase of Debt Securities, to treat the Debt Securities as debt for federal
income tax purposes. No regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions
exist that discuss the characterization for federal income tax purposes of
securities with terms substantially the same as the Debt Securities. However,
with respect to each Series of Debt Securities, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
will deliver its opinion that the Debt Securities will be classified as
indebtedness for federal income tax purposes. The discussion below assumes
this characterization of the Debt Securities is correct.
If, contrary to the opinion of counsel, the IRS successfully asserted that
the Debt Securities were not debt for federal income tax purposes, the Debt
Securities might be treated as equity interests in the Partnership Trust, and
the timing and amount of income allocable to holders of such Debt Securities
may be different than as described in the following paragraph.
Debt Securities generally will be subject to the same rules of taxation as
Regular Securities issued by a REMIC, as described above, except that (i)
income reportable on Debt Securities is not required to be reported under the
accrual method unless the holder otherwise uses the accrual method and (ii)
the special rule treating a portion of the gain on sale or exchange of a
Regular Security as ordinary income is inapplicable to Debt Securities. See
"REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities" and "--Sale or Exchange of
Regular Securities."
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Taxation of Owners of Partnership Securities
Treatment of the Partnership Trust Fund as a Partnership
If so specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will
agree, and the Securityholders will agree by their purchase of Securities, to
treat the Partnership Trust Fund as a partnership for purposes of federal and
state income tax, franchise tax and any other tax measured in whole or in part
by income, with the assets of the partnership being the assets held by the
Partnership Trust Fund, the partners of the partnership being the
Securityholders (including the Depositor), and the Debt Securities (if any)
being debt of the partnership. However, the proper characterization of the
arrangement involving the Partnership Trust Fund, the Partnership Securities,
the Debt Securities, and the Depositor is not clear, because there is no
authority on transactions closely comparable to that contemplated herein.
A variety of alternative characterizations are possible. For example,
because one or more of the classes of Partnership Securities have certain
features characteristic of debt, the Partnership Securities might be
considered debt of the Depositor or the Partnership Trust Fund. Any such
characterization would not result in materially adverse tax consequences to
Securityholders as compared to the consequences from treatment of the
Partnership Securities as equity in a partnership, described below. The
following discussion assumes that the Partnership Securities represent equity
interests in a partnership.
Partnership Taxation
As a partnership, the Partnership Trust Fund will not be subject to federal
income tax. Rather, each Securityholder will be required to separately take
into account such holder's allocated share of income, gains, losses,
deductions and credits of the Partnership Trust Fund. It is anticipated that
the Partnership Trust Fund's income will consist primarily of interest earned
on the Mortgage Loans (including appropriate adjustments for market discount,
original issue discount and bond premium) as described above under "--Grantor
Trust Funds--Standard Securities--General," and "--Premium and Discount") and
any gain upon collection or disposition of Mortgage Loans. The Partnership
Trust Fund's deductions will consist primarily of interest accruing with
respect to the Debt Securities, servicing and other fees, and losses or
deductions upon collection or disposition of Debt Securities.
The tax items of a partnership are allocable to the partners in accordance
with the Code, Treasury regulations and the partnership agreement (here, the
Agreement and related documents). The Agreement will provide, in general, that
the Securityholders will be allocated taxable income of the Partnership Trust
Fund for each Due Period equal to the sum of (i) the interest that accrues on
the Partnership Securities in accordance with their terms for such Due Period,
including interest accruing at the applicable pass-through rate for such Due
Period and interest on amounts previously due on the Partnership Securities
but not yet distributed; (ii) any Partnership Trust Fund income attributable
to discount on the Mortgage Loans that corresponds to any excess of the
principal amount of the Partnership Securities over their initial issue price;
and (iii) any other amounts of income payable to the Securityholders for such
Due Period. Such allocation will be reduced by any amortization by the
Partnership Trust Fund of premium on Mortgage Loans that corresponds to any
excess of the issue price of Partnership Securities over their principal
amount. All remaining taxable income of the Partnership Trust Fund will be
allocated to the Depositor. Based on the economic arrangement of the parties,
this approach for allocating Partnership Trust Fund income should be
permissible under applicable Treasury regulations, although no assurance can
be given that the IRS would not require a greater amount of income to be
allocated to Securityholders. Moreover, even under the foregoing method of
allocation, Securityholders may be allocated income equal to the entire pass-
through rate plus the other items described above even though the Trust Fund
might not have sufficient
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cash to make current cash distributions of such amount. Thus, cash basis
holders will in effect be required to report income from the Partnership
Securities on the accrual basis and Securityholders may become liable for
taxes on Partnership Trust Fund income even if they have not received cash
from the Partnership Trust Fund to pay such taxes.
Part or all of the taxable income allocated to a Securityholder that is a
pension, profit sharing or employee benefit plan or other tax-exempt entity
(including an individual retirement account) may constitute "unrelated
business taxable income" generally taxable to such a holder under the Code.
A share of expenses of the Partnership Trust Fund (including fees of the
Master Servicer but not interest expense) allocable to an individual, estate
or trust Securityholder would be miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to
the limitations described above under "--Grantor Trust Funds--Standard
Securities--General." Accordingly, such deductions might be disallowed to the
individual in whole or in part and might result in such holder being taxed on
an amount of income that exceeds the amount of cash actually distributed to
such holder over the life of the Partnership Trust Fund.
Discount income or premium amortization with respect to each Mortgage Loan
would be calculated in a manner similar to the description above under "--
Grantor Trust Funds--Standard Securities--General" and "--Premium and
Discount." Notwithstanding such description, it is intended that the
Partnership Trust Fund will make all tax calculations relating to income and
allocations to Securityholders on an aggregate basis with respect to all
Mortgage Loans held by the Partnership Trust Fund rather than on a Mortgage
Loan-by-Mortgage Loan basis. If the IRS were to require that such calculations
be made separately for each Mortgage Loan, the Partnership Trust Fund might be
required to incur additional expense, but it is believed that there would not
be a material adverse effect on Securityholders.
Discount and Premium
It is not anticipated that the Mortgage Loans will have been issued with
original issue discount and, therefore, the Partnership Trust Fund should not
have original issue discount income. However, the purchase price paid by the
Partnership Trust Fund for the Mortgage Loans may be greater or less than the
remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loans at the time of purchase. If
so, the Mortgage Loans will have been acquired at a premium or discount, as
the case may be. See "Grantor Trust Funds--Standard Securities--Premium and
Discount." (As indicated above, the Partnership Trust Fund will make this
calculation on an aggregate basis, but might be required to recompute it on a
Mortgage Loan-by-Mortgage Loan basis).
If the Partnership Trust Fund acquires the Mortgage Loans at a market
discount or premium, the Partnership Trust Fund will elect to include any such
discount in income currently as it accrues over the life of the Mortgage Loans
or to offset any such premium against interest income on the Mortgage Loans.
As indicated above, a portion of such market discount income or premium
deduction may be allocated to Securityholders.
Section 708 Termination
Under Section 708 of the Code, the Partnership Trust Fund will be deemed to
terminate for federal income tax purposes if 50% or more of the capital and
profits interests in the Partnership Trust Fund are sold or exchanged within a
12-month period. If such a termination occurs, it would cause a deemed
contribution of the assets of a Partnership Trust Fund (the "OLD
PARTNERSHIP" ) to a new Partnership Trust Fund (the "NEW PARTNERSHIP" ) in
exchange for
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interests in the new partnership. Such interests would be deemed distributed
to the partners of the old partnership in liquidation thereof, which would not
constitute a sale or exchange. The Partnership Trust Fund will not comply with
certain technical requirements that might apply when such a constructive
termination occurs. As a result, the Partnership Trust Fund may be subject to
certain tax penalties and may incur additional expenses if it is required to
comply with those requirements. Furthermore, the Partnership Trust Fund might
not be able to comply due to lack of data.
Disposition of Securities
Generally, capital gain or loss will be recognized on a sale of Partnership
Securities in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized
and the seller's tax basis in the Partnership Securities sold. A
Securityholder's tax basis in an Partnership Security will generally equal the
holder's cost increased by the holder's share of Partnership Trust Fund income
(includible in income) and decreased by any distributions received with
respect to such Partnership Security. In addition, both the tax basis in the
Partnership Securities and the amount realized on a sale of an Partnership
Security would include the holder's share of the Debt Securities and other
liabilities of the Partnership Trust Fund. A holder acquiring Partnership
Securities at different prices may be required to maintain a single aggregate
adjusted tax basis in such Partnership Securities, and, upon sale or other
disposition of some of the Partnership Securities, allocate a portion of such
aggregate tax basis to the Partnership Securities sold (rather than
maintaining a separate tax basis in each Partnership Security for purposes of
computing gain or loss on a sale of that Partnership Security).
Any gain on the sale of an Partnership Security attributable to the holder's
share of unrecognized accrued market discount on the Mortgage Loans would
generally be treated as ordinary income to the holder and would give rise to
special tax reporting requirements. The Partnership Trust Fund does not expect
to have any other assets that would give rise to such special reporting
considerations. Thus, to avoid those special reporting requirements, the
Partnership Trust Fund will elect to include market discount in income as it
accrues.
If a Securityholder is required to recognize an aggregate amount of income
(not including income attributable to disallowed itemized deductions described
above) over the life of the Partnership Securities that exceeds the aggregate
cash distributions with respect thereto, such excess will generally give rise
to a capital loss upon the retirement of the Partnership Securities.
Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees
In general, the Partnership Trust Fund's taxable income and losses will be
determined each Due Period and the tax items for a particular Due Period will
be apportioned among the Securityholders in proportion to the principal amount
of Partnership Securities owned by them as of the close of the last day of
such Due Period. As a result, a holder purchasing Partnership Securities may
be allocated tax items (which will affect its tax liability and tax basis)
attributable to periods before the actual transaction.
The use of such a Due Period convention may not be permitted by existing
regulations. If a Due Period convention is not allowed (or only applies to
transfers of less than all of the partner's interest), taxable income or
losses of the Partnership Trust Fund might be reallocated among the
Securityholders. The Depositor will be authorized to revise the Partnership
Trust Fund's method of allocation between transferors and transferees to
conform to a method permitted by future regulations.
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Section 731 Distributions
In the case of any distribution to a Securityholder, no gain will be
recognized to that Securityholder to the extent that the amount of any money
distributed with respect to such Security exceeds the adjusted basis of such
Securityholder's interest in the Security. To the extent that the amount of
money distributed exceeds such Securityholder's adjusted basis, gain will be
currently recognized. In the case of any distribution to a Securityholder, no
loss will be recognized except upon a distribution in liquidation of a
Securityholder's interest. Any gain or loss recognized by a Securityholder
will be capital gain or loss.
Section 754 Election
In the event that a Securityholder sells its Partnership Securities at a
profit (loss), the purchasing Securityholder will have a higher (lower) basis
in the Partnership Securities than the selling Securityholder had. The tax
basis of the Partnership Trust Fund's assets would not be adjusted to reflect
that higher (or lower) basis unless the Partnership Trust Fund were to file an
election under Section 754 of the Code. In order to avoid the administrative
complexities that would be involved in keeping accurate accounting records, as
well as potentially onerous information reporting requirements, the
Partnership Trust Fund will not make such an election. As a result,
Securityholder might be allocated a greater or lesser amount of Partnership
Trust Fund income than would be appropriate based on their own purchase price
for Partnership Securities.
Administrative Matters
The Trustee is required to keep or have kept complete and accurate books of
the Partnership Trust Fund. Such books will be maintained for financial
reporting and tax purposes on an accrual basis and the fiscal year of the
Partnership Trust Fund will be the calendar year. The Trustee will file a
partnership information return (IRS Form 1065) with the IRS for each taxable
year of the Partnership Trust Fund and will report each Securityholder's
allocable share of items of Partnership Trust Fund income and expense to
holders and the IRS on Schedule K-1. The Trustee will provide the Schedule K-1
information to nominees that fail to provide the Partnership Trust Fund with
the information statement described below and such nominees will be required
to forward such information to the beneficial owners of the Partnership
Securities. Generally, holders must file tax returns that are consistent with
the information return filed by the Partnership Trust Fund or be subject to
penalties unless the holder notifies the IRS of all such inconsistencies.
Under Section 6031 of the Code, any person that holds Partnership Securities
as a nominee at any time during a calendar year is required to furnish the
Partnership Trust Fund with a statement containing certain information on the
nominee, the beneficial owners and the Partnership Securities so held. Such
information includes (i) the name, address and taxpayer identification number
of the nominee and (ii) as to each beneficial owner (x) the name, address and
identification number of such person, (y) whether such person is a United
States person, a tax-exempt entity or a foreign government, an international
organization, or any wholly-owned agency or instrumentality of either of the
foregoing, and (z) certain information on Partnership Securities that were
held, bought or sold on behalf of such person throughout the year. In
addition, brokers and financial institutions that hold Partnership Securities
through a nominee are required to furnish directly to the Trustee information
as to themselves and their ownership of Partnership Securities. A clearing
agency registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act is not required to
furnish any such information statement to the Partnership Trust Fund. The
information referred to above for any calendar year must be furnished to the
Partnership Trust Fund on or before the following January 31. Nominees,
brokers and financial institutions that fail to provide the Partnership Trust
Fund with the information described above may be subject to penalties.
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The Depositor will be designated as the tax matters partner in the Pooling
and Servicing Agreement and, as such, will be responsible for representing the
Securityholders in any dispute with the IRS. The Code provides for
administrative examination of a partnership as if the partnership were a
separate and distinct taxpayer. Generally, the statute of limitations for
partnership items does not expire until three years after the date on which
the partnership information return is filed. Any adverse determination
following an audit of the return of the Partnership Trust Fund by the
appropriate taxing authorities could result in an adjustment of the returns of
the Securityholders, and, under certain circumstances, a Securityholder may be
precluded from separately litigating a proposed adjustment to the items of the
Partnership Trust Fund. An adjustment could also result in an audit of a
Securityholder's returns and adjustments of items not related to the income
and losses of the Partnership Trust Fund.
Tax Consequences to Foreign Securityholders
It is not clear whether the Partnership Trust Fund would be considered to be
engaged in a trade or business in the United States for purposes of federal
withholding taxes with respect to Non-U.S. Persons, because there is no clear
authority dealing with that issue under facts substantially similar to those
described herein. Although it is not expected that the Partnership Trust Fund
would be engaged in a trade or business in the United States for such
purposes, the Partnership Trust Fund will withhold as if it were so engaged in
order to protect the Partnership Trust Fund from possible adverse consequences
of a failure to withhold. The Partnership Trust Fund expects to withhold on
the portion of its taxable income that is allocable to Securityholders who are
Non-U.S. Persons pursuant to Section 1446 of the Code, as if such income were
effectively connected to a U.S. trade or business, at a rate of 35% for Non-
U.S. Persons that are taxable as corporations and 39.6% for all other foreign
holders. Amounts withheld will be deemed distributed to the Non-U.S. Person
Securityholders. Subsequent adoption of Treasury regulations or the issuance
of other administrative pronouncements may require the Partnership Trust Fund
to change its withholding procedures. In determining a holder's withholding
status, the Partnership Trust Fund may rely on IRS Form W-8, IRS Form W-9 or
the holder's certification of nonforeign status signed under penalties of
perjury.
Each Non-U.S. Person holder might be required to file a U.S. individual or
corporate income tax return (including, in the case of a corporation, the
branch profits tax) on its share of the Partnership Trust Fund's income. Each
Non-U.S. Person holder must obtain a taxpayer identification number from the
IRS and submit that number to the Partnership Trust Fund on Form W-8 in order
to assure appropriate crediting of the taxes withheld. A Non-U.S. Person
holder generally would be entitled to file with the IRS a claim for refund
with respect to taxes withheld by the Partnership Trust Fund, taking the
position that no taxes were due because the Partnership Trust Fund was not
engaged in a U.S. trade or business. However, interest payments made (or
accrued) to a Securityholder who is a Non-U.S. Person generally will be
considered guaranteed payments to the extent such payments are determined
without regard to the income of the Partnership Trust Fund. If these interest
payments are properly characterized as guaranteed payments, then the interest
may not be considered "portfolio interest." As a result, Securityholders who
are Non-U.S. Persons may be subject to United States federal income tax and
withholding tax at a rate of 30 percent, unless reduced or eliminated pursuant
to an applicable treaty. In such case, a Non-U.S. Person holder would only be
entitled to claim a refund for that portion of the taxes in excess of the
taxes that should be withheld with respect to the guaranteed payments.
Backup Withholding
Distributions made on the Partnership Securities and proceeds from the sale
of the Partnership Securities will be subject to a "backup" withholding tax of
31% if, in general, the
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Securityholder fails to comply with certain identification procedures, unless
the holder is an exempt recipient under applicable provisions of the Code.
THE FEDERAL TAX DISCUSSIONS SET FORTH ABOVE MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE DEPENDING
UPON A SECURITYHOLDER'S PARTICULAR TAX SITUATION. THE DEPOSITOR RECOMMENDS
THAT PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX
CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF REMIC
SECURITIES, GRANTOR TRUST SECURITIES, PARTNERSHIP SECURITIES AND DEBT
SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND
OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX
LAWS.
STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in "Federal
Income Tax Consequences," potential investors should consider the state and
local tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the
Securities offered hereunder. State tax law may differ substantially from the
corresponding federal tax law, and the discussion above does not purport to
describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state or other jurisdiction.
Therefore, prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors with
respect to the various tax consequences of investments in the Securities
offered hereunder.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA" ),
and the Code impose certain requirements on employee benefit plans and on
certain other retirement plans and arrangements, including individual
retirement accounts and annuities, Keogh plans and collective investment funds
and separate accounts in which such plans, accounts or arrangements are
invested, that are subject to Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code
("PLANS" ) and on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to such Plans in
connection with the investment of Plan assets. Certain employee benefit plans,
such as governmental plans (as defined in ERISA Section 3(32)), and, if no
election has been made under Section 410(d) of the Code, church plans (as
defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA) are not subject to ERISA requirements.
Accordingly, assets of such plans may be invested in Securities without regard
to the ERISA considerations described below, subject to the provisions of
other applicable federal, state and local law. Any such plan which is
qualified and exempt from taxation under Sections 401 (a) and 501 (a) of the
Code, however, is subject to the prohibited transaction rules set forth in
Section 503 of the Code.
ERISA generally imposes on Plan fiduciaries certain general fiduciary
requirements, including those of investment prudence and diversification and
the requirement that a Plan's investments be made in accordance with the
documents governing the Plan. In addition, ERISA and the Code prohibit a broad
range of transactions involving assets of a Plan and persons ("PARTIES IN
INTEREST" ) who have certain specified relationships to the Plan unless a
statutory or administrative exemption is available. Certain Parties in
Interest that participate in a prohibited transaction may be subject to an
excise tax imposed pursuant to Section 4975 of the Code, unless a statutory or
administrative exemption is available. These prohibited transactions generally
are set forth in Sections 406 and 407 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code.
A Plan's investment in Securities may cause the Mortgage Loans, Contracts,
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, Agency Securities, Mortgage Securities and
other assets included in
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a related Trust Fund to be deemed Plan assets. Section 2510.3-101 of the
regulations of the United States Department of Labor ("DOL" ) provides that
when a Plan acquires an equity interest in an entity, the Plan's assets
include both such equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the
underlying assets of the entity, unless certain exceptions not applicable here
apply, or unless the equity participation in the entity by "benefit plan
investors" (I.E., Plans and certain employee benefit plans not subject to
ERISA) is not "significant," both as defined therein. For this purpose, in
general, equity participation by benefit plan investors will be "significant"
on any date if 25% or more of the value of any class of equity interests in
the entity is held by benefit plan investors. To the extent the Securities are
treated as equity interests for purposes of DOL regulations section 2510.3-
101, equity participation in a Trust Fund will be significant on any date if
immediately after the most recent acquisition of any Security, 25% or more of
any class of Securities is held by benefit plan investors.
Any person who has discretionary authority or control respecting the
management or disposition of Plan assets, and any person who provides
investment advice with respect to such assets for a fee, is a fiduciary of the
investing Plan. If the Mortgage Loans, Contracts, Unsecured Home Improvement
Loans, Agency Securities, Mortgage Securities and other assets included in a
Trust Fund constitute Plan assets, then any party exercising management or
discretionary control regarding those assets, such as the Servicer or Master
Servicer, may be deemed to be a Plan "fiduciary" and thus subject to the
fiduciary responsibility provisions and prohibited transaction provisions of
ERISA and the Code with respect to the investing Plan. In addition, if the
Mortgage Loans, Contracts, Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, Agency
Securities, Mortgage Securities and other assets included in a Trust Fund
constitute Plan assets, the purchase of Securities by a Plan, as well as the
operation of the Trust Fund, may constitute or involve a prohibited
transaction under ERISA and the Code.
The DOL issued an individual exemption (the "EXEMPTION" ), to DBSI which
generally exempts from the application of the prohibited transaction
provisions of Sections 406 (a) and 407 of ERISA, and the excise taxes imposed
on such prohibited transactions pursuant to Section 4975 (a) and (b) of the
Code, certain transactions, among others, relating to the servicing and
operation of mortgage pools and the purchase, sale and holding of Securities
underwritten by an Underwriter (as hereinafter defined), that (a) represent a
beneficial ownership interest in the assets of a Trust Fund and entitle the
holder the pass-through payments of principal, interest and/or other payments
made with respect to the assets of the Trust Fund or (b) are denominated as a
debt instrument and represent an interest in a REMIC, provided that certain
conditions set forth in the Exemption are satisfied. For purposes of this
Section "ERISA Considerations," the term "UNDERWRITER" shall include (a) DBSI,
(b) any person directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries,
controlling, controlled by or under common control with DBSI, and (c) any
member of the underwriting syndicate or selling group of which a person
described in (a) or (b) is a manager or co-manager with respect to a class of
Securities.
The Exemption sets forth six general conditions which must be satisfied for
a transaction involving the purchase, sale and holding of Securities to be
eligible for exemptive relief thereunder. First, the acquisition of Securities
by a Plan must be on terms that are at least as favorable to the Plan as they
would be in an arm's-length transaction with an unrelated party. Second, the
Exemption only applies to Securities evidencing rights and interests not
subordinated to the rights and interests evidenced by the other Securities of
the same series. Third, the Securities at the time of acquisition by the Plan
must be rated in one of the three highest generic rating categories by
Standard & Poor's ("S&P" ), Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("MOODY'S" ), Duff
& Phelps Credit Rating Co. ("DCR" ) or Fitch IBCA, Inc. ("FITCH" ). Fourth,
the Trustee cannot be an affiliate of any member of the "RESTRICTED GROUP"
which consists of the Underwriter, the Depositor, the Trustee, the Master
Servicer, any Servicer, any insurer and any
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obligor with respect to Assets constituting more than 5% of the aggregate
unamortized principal balance of the Assets in the related Trust Fund as of
the date of initial issuance of the Securities. Fifth, the sum of all payments
made to and retained by the Underwriter(s) must represent not more than
reasonable compensation for underwriting the Securities; the sum of all
payments made to and retained by the Depositor pursuant to the assignment of
the Assets to the related Trust Fund must represent not more than the fair
market value of such obligations; and the sum of all payments made to and
retained by the Servicer must represent not more than reasonable compensation
for such person's services under the related Agreement and reimbursement of
such person's reasonable expenses in connection therewith. Sixth, the
investing Plan must be an accredited investor as defined in Rule 501 (a) (1)
of Regulation D of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended. In addition, the Trust Fund must meet the following
requirements: (i) the assets of the Trust Fund must consist solely of assets
of the type that have been included in other investment pools; (ii) securities
evidencing interests in such other investment pools must have been rated in
one of the three highest generic rating categories by S&P, Moody's, DCR, or
Fitch for at least one year prior to the Plan's acquisition of the securities;
and (iii) securities evidencing interests in such other investment pools must
have been purchased by investors other than Plans for at least one year prior
to any Plan's acquisition of the Securities.
A fiduciary of a Plan contemplating purchasing a Security must make its own
determination that the general conditions set forth above will be satisfied
with respect to such Security. However, to the extent Securities are
subordinate, the Exemption will not apply to an investment by a Plan. In
addition, any Securities representing a beneficial ownership interest in
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans or Revolving Credit Line Loans will not
satisfy the general conditions of the Exemption.
If the general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the Exemption may
provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and 407
of ERISA (as well as the excise taxes imposed by Sections 4975 (a) and (b) of
the Code by reason of Sections 4975 (c) (1) (A) through (D) of the Code) in
connection with the direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, holding or
the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of
Securities by Plans. However, no exemption is provided from the restrictions
of Sections 406 (a) (1) (E), 406 (a) (2) and 407 of ERISA for the acquisition
or holding of a Security on behalf of an "EXCLUDED PLAN" by any person who has
discretionary authority or renders investment advice with respect to the
assets of such Excluded Plan. For purposes of the Securities, an Excluded Plan
is a Plan sponsored by any member of the Restricted Group.
If certain specific conditions of the Exemption are also satisfied, the
Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406 (b) (1) and (b) (2) of ERISA and the taxes imposed by Sections 4975 (a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Section 4975 (c) (1) (E) of the Code in
connection with (1) the direct or indirect sale, exchange or transfer of
Securities in the initial issuance of Securities between the Depositor or an
Underwriter and a Plan when the person who has discretionary authority or
renders investment advice with respect to the investment of Plan assets in the
Securities is (a) an obligor with respect to 5% or less of the fair market
value of the Assets or (b) an affiliate of such a person, (2) the direct or
indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of Securities by a
Plan and (3) the holding of Securities by a Plan.
Further, if certain specific conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the
Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406(a), 406(b) and 407 of ERISA, and the taxes imposed by Sections 4975 (a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Section 4975 (c) of the Code for transactions
in connection with the servicing, management and
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operation of the Trust Fund. The Depositor expects that the specific
conditions of the Exemption required for this purpose will be satisfied with
respect to the Securities so that the Exemption would provide an exemption
from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and (b) of ERISA (as well as
the excise taxes imposed by Sections 4975(a) and (b) of the Code by reason of
Section 4975 (c) of the Code) for transactions in connection with the
servicing, management and operation of the Mortgage Pools, provided that the
general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied.
The Exemption also may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by
Sections 406(a) and 407(a) of ERISA, and the taxes imposed by Section 4975(a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Sections 4975 (c) (1) (A) through (D) of the
Code if such restrictions are deemed to otherwise apply merely because a
person is deemed to be a "party in interest" (within the meaning of Section 3
(14) of ERISA) or a "disqualified person" (within the meaning of Section 4975
(e) (2) of the Code) with respect to an investing Plan by virtue of providing
services to the Plan (or by virtue of having certain specified relationships
to such a person) solely as a result of the Plan's ownership of Securities.
To the extent the Securities are not treated as equity interests for
purposes of DOL regulations section 2510.3-101, a Plan's investment in such
Securities ("NON-EQUITY SECURITIES" ) would not cause the assets included in a
related Trust Fund to be deemed Plan assets. However, the Depositor, the
Servicer, the Trustee, or Underwriter may be the sponsor of or investment
advisor with respect to one or more Plans. Because such parties may receive
certain benefits in connection with the sale of Non-Equity Securities, the
purchase of Non-Equity Securities using Plan assets over which any such
parties has investment authority might be deemed to be a violation of the
prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and the Code for which no exemption may
be available. Accordingly, Non-Equity Securities may not be purchased using
the assets of any Plan if any of the Depositor, the Servicer, the Trustee or
Underwriter has investment authority with respect to such assets.
In addition, certain affiliates of the Depositor might be considered or
might become Parties in Interest with respect to a Plan. Also, any holder of
Securities, because of its activities or the activities of its respective
affiliates, may be deemed to be a Party in Interest with respect to certain
Plans, including but not limited to Plans sponsored by such holder. In either
case, the acquisition or holding of Non-Equity Securities by or on behalf of
such a Plan could be considered to give rise to an indirect prohibited
transaction within the meaning of ERISA and the Code, unless it is subject to
one or more statutory or administrative exemptions such as Prohibited
Transaction Class Exemption ("PTCE" ) 84-14, which exempts certain
transactions effected on behalf of a Plan by a "qualified professional asset
manager," PTCE 90-1, which exempts certain transactions involving insurance
company pooled separate accounts, PTCE-91-38, which exempts certain
transactions involving bank collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60, which
exempts certain transactions involving insurance company general accounts, or
PTCE 96-23, which exempts certain transactions effected on behalf of a Plan by
certain "in-house" asset managers. It should be noted, however, that even if
the conditions specified in one or more of these exemptions are met, the scope
of relief provided by these exemptions may not necessarily cover all acts that
might be construed as prohibited transactions.
Any Plan fiduciary which proposes to cause a Plan to purchase Securities
should consult with its counsel with respect to the potential applicability of
ERISA and the Code to such investment, the availability of the exemptive
relief provided in the Exemption and the potential applicability of any other
prohibited transaction exemption in connection therewith. In particular, a
Plan fiduciary which proposes to cause a Plan to purchase Securities
representing a beneficial ownership interest in a pool of single-family
residential first mortgage loans, a Plan
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fiduciary should consider the applicability of PTCE 83-1, which provides
exemptive relief for certain transactions involving mortgage pool investment
trusts. The Prospectus Supplement with respect to a series of Securities may
contain additional information regarding the application of the Exemption,
PTCE 83-1 or any other exemption, with respect to the Securities offered
thereby. In addition, any Plan fiduciary that proposes to cause a Plan to
purchase Strip Securities should consider the federal income tax consequences
of such investment.
ANY PLAN FIDUCIARY CONSIDERING WHETHER TO PURCHASE A SECURITY ON BEHALF OF A
PLAN SHOULD CONSULT WITH ITS COUNSEL REGARDING THE APPLICABILITY OF THE
FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY AND PROHIBITED TRANSACTION PROVISIONS OF ERISA AND
THE CODE TO SUCH INVESTMENT.
THE SALE OF SECURITIES TO A PLAN IS IN NO RESPECT A REPRESENTATION BY THE
DEPOSITOR OR THE UNDERWRITER THAT THIS INVESTMENT MEETS ALL RELEVANT LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO INVESTMENTS BY PLANS GENERALLY OR ANY PARTICULAR
PLAN, OR THAT THIS INVESTMENT IS APPROPRIATE FOR PLANS GENERALLY OR ANY
PARTICULAR PLAN.
LEGAL INVESTMENT
Each class of Offered Securities will be rated at the date of issuance in
one of the four highest rating categories by at least one Rating Agency. The
related Prospectus Supplement will specify which classes of the Securities, if
any, will constitute "mortgage related securities" for purposes of the
Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended ("SMMEA").
Generally, only classes of Offered Securities that (i) are rated in one of the
two highest rating categories by one or more Rating Agencies and (ii) are part
of a series representing interests in, or secured by, a Trust Fund consisting
of loans secured by first liens on real property and originated by certain
types of originators specified in SMMEA, will be "mortgage related securities"
for purposes of SMMEA. Those classes of Offered Securities qualifying as
"mortgage related securities" will constitute legal investments for persons,
trusts, corporations, partnerships, associations, business trusts and business
entities (including, but not limited to, state chartered savings banks,
commercial banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies, as
well as trustees and state government employee retirement systems) created
pursuant to or existing under the laws of the United States or of any state
(including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) whose authorized
investments are subject to state regulation to the same extent that, under
applicable law, obligations issued by or guaranteed as to principal and
interest by the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof
constitute legal investments for such entities. Pursuant to SMMEA, a number of
states enacted legislation, on or before the October 3, 1991 cut-off for such
enactments, limiting to varying extents the ability of certain entities (in
particular, insurance companies) to invest in mortgage related securities
secured by liens on residential, or mixed residential and commercial,
properties, in most cases by requiring the affected investors to rely solely
upon existing state law, and not SMMEA.
SMMEA also amended the legal investment authority of federally-chartered
depository institutions as follows: federal savings and loan associations and
federal savings banks may invest in, sell or otherwise deal in "mortgage
related securities" without limitation as to the percentage of their assets
represented thereby, federal credit unions may invest in such securities, and
national banks may purchase such securities for their own account without
regard to the limitations generally applicable to investment securities set
forth in 12 U.S.C. (S)24 (Seventh), subject in each case to such regulations
as the applicable federal regulatory authority may prescribe. In this
connection, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC" ) has
amended 12 C.F.R. Part 1 to authorize national banks to purchase and sell for
their own account, without limitation as to a percentage of the bank's capital
and surplus (but subject to
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compliance with certain general standards concerning "safety and soundness"
and retention of credit information in 12 C.F.R. (S)1.5), certain "Type IV
securities," defined in 12 C.F.R. (S)1.2(l) to include certain "residential
mortgage related securities." As so defined, "residential mortgage-related
security" means, in relevant part, "mortgage related security" within the
meaning of SMMEA. The National Credit Union Administration ("NCUA" ) has
adopted rules, codified at 12 C.F.R. part 703, which permit federal credit
unions to invest in "mortgage related securities" under certain limited
circumstances, other than stripped mortgage related securities, residual
interests in mortgage related securities, and commercial mortgage related
securities, unless the credit union has obtained written approval from the
NCUA to participate in the "investment pilot program" described in 12 C.F.R.
(S)703.140.
All depository institutions considering an investment in the Certificates
should review the "Supervisory Policy Statement on Investment Securities and
End-User Derivatives Activities" (the "1998 POLICY STATEMENT") of the Federal
Financial Institutions Examination Council ("FFIEC"), which has been adopted
by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation, the OCC and the Office of Thrift Supervision, effective
May 26, 1998, and by the NCUA, effective October 1, 1998. The 1998 Policy
Statement sets forth general guidelines which depository institutions must
follow in managing risks (including market, credit, liquidity, operational
(transaction), and legal risks) applicable to all securities (including
mortgage pass-through securities and mortgage-derivative products) used for
investment purposes. Until October 1, 1998, federal credit unions will still
be subject to the FFIEC's now-superseded "Supervisory Policy Statement on
Securities Activities" dated January 28, 1992, as adopted by the NCUA with
certain modifications, which prohibited depository institutions from investing
in certain "high-risk mortgage securities," except under limited
circumstances, and set forth certain investment practices deemed to be
unsuitable for regulated institutions.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, other classes of Offered
Securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus will not constitute "mortgage
related securities" under SMMEA. The appropriate characterization of those
classes under various legal investment restrictions, and thus the ability of
investors subject to these restrictions to purchase such Offered Securities,
may be subject to significant interpretive uncertainties.
Institutions whose investment activities are subject to regulation by
federal or state authorities should review rules, policies and guidelines
adopted from time to time by such authorities before purchasing any Offered
Securities, as certain classes or subclasses may be deemed unsuitable
investments, or may otherwise be restricted, under such rules, policies or
guidelines (in certain instances irrespective of SMMEA).
The foregoing does not take into consideration the applicability of
statutes, rules, regulations, orders, guidelines or agreements generally
governing investments made by a particular investor, including, but not
limited to, "prudent investor" provisions, percentage-of-assets limits
provisions which may restrict or prohibit investment in securities which are
not "interest bearing" or "income paying," and with regard to any Offered
Securities issued in book-entry form, provisions which may restrict or
prohibit investments in securities which are issued in book-entry form.
Except as to the status of certain classes of Offered Securities as
"mortgage related securities," no representation is made as to the proper
characterization of the Offered Securities
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for legal investment, financial institution regulatory, or other purposes, or
as to the ability of particular investors to purchase any Offered Securities
under applicable legal investment restrictions. The uncertainties described
above (and any unfavorable future determinations concerning legal investment
or financial institution regulatory characteristics of the Offered Securities)
may adversely affect the liquidity of the Offered Securities.
Accordingly, all investors whose investment activities are subject to legal
investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review by
regulatory authorities should consult with their own legal advisors in
determining whether and to what extent the Offered Securities of any class
constitute legal investments for them or are subject to investment, capital or
other restrictions, and, if applicable, whether SMMEA has been overridden in
any jurisdiction relevant to such investor.
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION
The Securities offered hereby and by the Supplements to this Prospectus will
be offered in series. The distribution of the Securities may be effected from
time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions,
at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices to be determined at the
time of sale or at the time of commitment therefor. If so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Securities will be distributed in a firm
commitment underwriting, subject to the terms and conditions of the
underwriting agreement, by Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. ("DBSI" ) acting as
underwriter with other underwriters, if any, named therein. In such event, the
Prospectus Supplement may also specify that the underwriters will not be
obligated to pay for any Securities agreed to be purchased by purchasers
pursuant to purchase agreements acceptable to the Depositor. In connection
with the sale of the Securities, underwriters may receive compensation from
the Depositor or from purchasers of the Securities in the form of discounts,
concessions or commissions. The Prospectus Supplement will describe any such
compensation paid by the Depositor.
Alternatively, the Prospectus Supplement may specify that the Securities
will be distributed by DBSI acting as agent or in some cases as principal with
respect to Securities which it has previously purchased or agreed to purchase.
If DBSI acts as agent in the sale of Securities, DBSI will receive a selling
commission with respect to each series of Securities, depending on market
conditions, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal balance of
the related Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date. The exact percentage for
each series of Securities will be disclosed in the related Prospectus
Supplement. To the extent that DBSI elects to purchase Securities as
principal, DBSI may realize losses or profits based upon the difference
between its purchase price and the sales price. The Prospectus Supplement with
respect to any series offered other than through underwriters will contain
information regarding the nature of such offering and any agreements to be
entered into between the Depositor and purchasers of Securities of such
series.
The Depositor will indemnify DBSI and any underwriters against certain civil
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, or will
contribute to payments DBSI and any underwriters may be required to make in
respect thereof.
In the ordinary course of business, DBSI and the Depositor may engage in
various securities and financing transactions, including repurchase agreements
to provide interim financing of the Depositor's mortgage loans pending the
sale of such mortgage loans or interests therein, including the Securities.
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The Depositor anticipates that the Securities will be sold primarily to
institutional investors. Purchasers of Securities, including dealers, may,
depending on the facts and circumstances of such purchases, be deemed to be
"underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with reoffers and sales by them of Securities. Securityholders should consult
with their legal advisors in this regard prior to any such reoffer or sale.
As to each series of Securities, only those classes rated in one of the four
highest rating categories by any Rating Agency will be offered hereby. Any
unrated class may be initially retained by the Depositor, and may be sold by
the Depositor at any time to one or more institutional investors.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters, including the federal income tax consequences to
Securityholders of an investment in the Securities of a series, will be passed
upon for the Depositor by Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, New York, New York.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A new Trust Fund will be formed with respect to each series of Securities
and no Trust Fund will engage in any business activities or have any assets or
obligations prior to the issuance of the related series of Securities.
Accordingly, no financial statements with respect to any Trust Fund will be
included in this Prospectus or in the related Prospectus Supplement.
RATING
It is a condition to the issuance of any class of Offered Securities that
they shall have been rated not lower than investment grade, that is, in one of
the four highest rating categories, by a Rating Agency.
Ratings on mortgage pass-through certificates address the likelihood of
receipt by Securityholders of all distributions on the underlying mortgage
loans. These ratings address the structural, legal and issuer-related aspects
associated with such certificates, the nature of the underlying assets and the
credit quality of the guarantor, if any. Ratings on mortgage pass-through
certificates and other asset backed securities do not represent any assessment
of the likelihood of principal prepayments by borrowers or of the degree by
which such prepayments might differ from those originally anticipated. As a
result, securityholders might suffer a lower than anticipated yield, and, in
addition, holders of stripped interest certificates in extreme cases might
fail to recoup their initial investments.
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities
and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning
rating organization. Each security rating should be evaluated independently of
any other security rating.
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INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
1998 Policy Statement....................................................... 151
Accrual Securities.......................................................... 54
Accrued Security Interest................................................... 56
Adjustable Rate Assets...................................................... 34
Agency Securities........................................................... 1
Agreement................................................................... 63
Agreements.................................................................. 18
ARM Contracts............................................................... 39
ARM Loans................................................................... 36
ARM Unsecured Home Improvement Loans........................................ 38
Asset Conservation Act...................................................... 99
Asset Group................................................................. 54
Asset Seller................................................................ 34
Assets...................................................................... 1
Available Distribution Amount............................................... 55
Balloon Payment Assets...................................................... 28
Bankruptcy Code............................................................. 97
Bi-weekly Assets............................................................ 34
Book-Entry Securities....................................................... 54
Buy Down Assets............................................................. 34
Buydown Funds............................................................... 111
Buydown Mortgage Loans...................................................... 50
Buydown Period.............................................................. 50
Capitalized Interest Account................................................ 45
Cash Flow Agreement......................................................... 46
Cash Flow Agreements........................................................ 1
Cede........................................................................ 4
CERCLA...................................................................... 98
Certificates................................................................ 1
Charter Act................................................................. 41
Cleanup Costs............................................................... 98
Code........................................................................ 107
Collection Account.......................................................... 67
Commission.................................................................. 3
contract borrower........................................................... 91
Contract Lender............................................................. 91
Contract Rate............................................................... 39
Contracts................................................................... 1
Convertible Assets.......................................................... 34
Cooperative................................................................. 90
Cooperative Loans........................................................... 90
Cooperatives................................................................ 35
Counterparty................................................................ 33
Covered Trust............................................................... 32
CPR......................................................................... 49
Credit Support.............................................................. 1
Crime Control Act........................................................... 103
Cut-off Date................................................................ 20
DBSI........................................................................ 152
DCR......................................................................... 147
</TABLE>
154
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<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Debt Securities............................................................. 108
Definitive Securities....................................................... 33
Deposit Trust Agreement..................................................... 63
Depositor................................................................... 34
Determination Date.......................................................... 54
Disqualified Organization................................................... 125
Distribution Date........................................................... 19
DOL......................................................................... 147
DTC......................................................................... 4
Due Period.................................................................. 55
due-on-sale clauses......................................................... 52
ERISA....................................................................... 146
excess servicing............................................................ 134
Exchange Act................................................................ 4
Excluded Plan............................................................... 148
Exemption................................................................... 147
Fannie Mae.................................................................. 1
Fannie Mae Certificates..................................................... 34
FDIC........................................................................ 67
FFIEC....................................................................... 151
FHA......................................................................... 12
FHA Loans................................................................... 35
Freddie Mac................................................................. 1
Freddie Mac Act............................................................. 42
Freddie Mac Certificate Group............................................... 42
Freddie Mac Certificates.................................................... 24
Financial Instrument........................................................ 33
Fitch....................................................................... 147
Freddie Mac Certificates.................................................... 34
Garn-St. Germain Act........................................................ 100
GEM Assets.................................................................. 34
Ginnie Mae.................................................................. 1
Ginnie Mae Certificates..................................................... 34
GPM Assets.................................................................. 34
Grantor Trust Fund.......................................................... 108
Grantor Trust Securities.................................................... 108
Home Equity Loans........................................................... 35
Home Improvement Contracts.................................................. 35
Home Ownership Act.......................................................... 30
Housing Act................................................................. 30
HUD......................................................................... 75
Increasing Payment Assets................................................... 34
Indenture................................................................... 63
Indenture Trustee........................................................... 63
Indirect Participants....................................................... 61
Insurance Proceeds.......................................................... 55
Interest Accrual Period..................................................... 47
Interest Reduction Assets................................................... 34
land sale contract.......................................................... 91
Land Sale Contracts......................................................... 35
Level Payment Assets........................................................ 34
Liquidation Proceeds........................................................ 55
</TABLE>
155
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Loan-to-Value Ratio......................................................... 35
Lock-out Date............................................................... 37
Lock-out Period............................................................. 37
Manufactured Home........................................................... 14
manufactured housing contracts.............................................. 30
Mark to Market Regulations.................................................. 127
Master Servicer............................................................. 11
Moody's..................................................................... 147
Mortgage Loans.............................................................. 1
Mortgage Notes.............................................................. 35
Mortgage Rate............................................................... 37
Mortgage Securities......................................................... 34
Mortgaged Properties........................................................ 35
Mortgages................................................................... 35
mortgagor................................................................... 89
Multifamily Mortgage Loan................................................... 35
Multifamily Property........................................................ 35
NCUA........................................................................ 151
new partnership............................................................. 142
New Regulations............................................................. 130
Non-Equity Securities....................................................... 149
Non-Pro Rata Security....................................................... 112
Nonrecoverable Advance...................................................... 58
Non-U.S. Person............................................................. 130
Notes....................................................................... 1
OCC......................................................................... 150
Offered Securities.......................................................... 1
OID Regulations............................................................. 108
old partnership............................................................. 142
Originators................................................................. 29
Participants................................................................ 61
Parties in Interest......................................................... 146
Partnership Securities...................................................... 108
Partnership Trust Fund...................................................... 108
Pass-Through Entity......................................................... 124
Pass-Through Rate........................................................... 56
PCBs........................................................................ 98
Permitted Investments....................................................... 67
Plan........................................................................ 23
Plans....................................................................... 146
Pooling and Servicing Agreement............................................. 63
Pre-Funded Amount........................................................... 45
Pre-Funding Account......................................................... 45
Pre-Funding Period.......................................................... 45
prepayment.................................................................. 49
Prepayment Assumption....................................................... 113
Prepayment Premium.......................................................... 37
PTCE........................................................................ 149
Purchase Price.............................................................. 65
Rating Agency............................................................... 24
RCRA........................................................................ 99
Record Date................................................................. 54
</TABLE>
156
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Refinance Loans............................................................. 36
Regular Securities.......................................................... 108
Regular Securityholder...................................................... 112
Related Proceeds............................................................ 58
Relief Act.................................................................. 102
REMIC....................................................................... 3
REMIC Pool.................................................................. 108
REMIC Provisions............................................................ 108
REMIC Regulations........................................................... 108
REMIC Securities............................................................ 63
REO Property................................................................ 59
Residual Holders............................................................ 120
Residual Securities......................................................... 109
Restricted Group............................................................ 147
Retained Interest........................................................... 77
Revolving Credit Line Loans................................................. 37
RICO........................................................................ 103
S&P......................................................................... 147
SBJPA of 1996............................................................... 111
secured-creditor exemption.................................................. 99
Securities.................................................................. 1
Security.................................................................... 63
Security Balance............................................................ 57
Security Owners............................................................. 4
Securityholders............................................................. 4
senior lien................................................................. 28
Senior Securities........................................................... 53
Servicemen's Readjustment Act............................................... 45
Servicer.................................................................... 11
Servicing Standard.......................................................... 70
Single Family Mortgage Loan................................................. 35
Single Family Properties.................................................... 35
SMMEA....................................................................... 150
SPA......................................................................... 49
Special Servicer............................................................ 79
Standard Securities......................................................... 132
Startup Day................................................................. 109
Step-up Rate Assets......................................................... 34
Strip Securities............................................................ 53
Stripped Agency Securities.................................................. 43
Stripped Securities......................................................... 132
Stripped Securityholder..................................................... 137
Subordinate Securities...................................................... 53
Sub-prime Mortgage Loans.................................................... 29
Subsequent Assets........................................................... 45
Superliens.................................................................. 98
Taxable Mortgage Pools...................................................... 108
thrift institutions......................................................... 123
Tiered REMICS............................................................... 111
Title V..................................................................... 101
Title VIII.................................................................. 102
Trust Assets................................................................ 3
</TABLE>
157
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Trust Fund.................................................................. 1
Trustee..................................................................... 12
U.S. Person................................................................. 126
UCC......................................................................... 61
Underlying Servicing Agreement.............................................. 63
Underwriter................................................................. 147
Unsecured Home Improvement Loans............................................ 1
UST......................................................................... 99
VA.......................................................................... 12
VA Guaranty Policy.......................................................... 66
VA Loans.................................................................... 35
Value....................................................................... 36
Voting Rights............................................................... 80
Warranting Party............................................................ 66
</TABLE>
158
<PAGE>
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A +
+REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE +
+SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY +
+OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT +
+BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR +
+THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE +
+SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE +
+UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF +
+ANY SUCH STATE. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
PROSPECTUS, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED OCTOBER 7, 1998
PROSPECTUS
ASSET BACKED CERTIFICATES
ASSET BACKED NOTES
(ISSUABLE IN SERIES)
ACE SECURITIES CORP.
DEPOSITOR
The Asset Backed Certificates (the "CERTIFICATES") and Asset Backed Notes (the
"NOTES" and, together with the Certificates, the "SECURITIES") offered hereby
and by Supplements to this Prospectus (the "OFFERED SECURITIES") will be
offered from time to time in one or more series. Each series of Certificates
will represent in the aggregate the entire beneficial ownership interest in a
trust fund (with respect to any series, the "TRUST FUND") consisting of one or
more segregated pools of various types of single family mortgage loans (or
certain balances thereof) (collectively, the "MORTGAGE LOANS"), a combination
of Mortgage Loans or beneficial interests in such assets (which may include
Mortgage Securities, as defined herein) or pass-through or participation
certificates issued or guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage
Association ("GINNIE MAE"), Fannie Mae ("FANNIE MAE") or the Federal Home Loan
Mortgage Corporation ("FREDDIE MAC") (any such certificates, "AGENCY
SECURITIES") (with respect to any series, collectively, "ASSETS"). If so
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, all or a portion of the
Mortgage Loans will consist of Sub-prime Mortgage Loans as described under
"Risk Factors--Increased Risk of Delinquencies and Foreclosures on Sub-prime
Mortgage Loans." If a series of Securities includes Notes, such Notes will be
issued and secured pursuant to an indenture and will represent indebtedness of
the Trust Fund. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Trust Fund for a series of Securities may include letters of credit, insurance
policies, guarantees, reserve funds or other types of credit support, or any
combination thereof (with respect to any series, collectively, "CREDIT
SUPPORT"), and currency or interest rate exchange agreements and other
financial assets, or any combination thereof (with respect to any series,
collectively, "CASH FLOW AGREEMENTS"). In addition, as so specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Trust Fund will include monies on deposit
in one or more trust accounts to be established with a Trustee, which may
include a Pre-Funding Account, as described herein, which would be used to
purchase additional Assets for the related Trust Fund during the period
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the Trust
Funds," "Description of the Securities" and "Description of Credit Support."
(cover continued on next page)
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE
ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS OR THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
THE SECURITIES OF EACH SERIES WILL NOT REPRESENT AN OBLIGATION OF OR INTEREST
IN THE DEPOSITOR, DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC., ANY MASTER SERVICER, ANY
SERVICER, THE TRUSTEE OR ANY OF THEIR RESPECTIVE AFFILIATES, EXCEPT TO THE
LIMITED EXTENT DESCRIBED HEREIN AND IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT.
NEITHER THE SECURITIES NOR, EXCEPT AS SET FORTH HEREIN OR IN THE RELATED
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT, ANY ASSETS IN THE RELATED TRUST FUND (OTHER THAN ASSETS
IDENTIFIED AS FHA LOANS OR VA LOANS IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT) WILL
BE INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY ANY GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY OR INSTRUMENTALITY.
ALTHOUGH PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL AND INTEREST ON AGENCY SECURITIES WILL BE
GUARANTEED AS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT BY
GINNIE MAE, FANNIE MAE OR FREDDIE MAC, THE SECURITIES OF ANY SERIES EVIDENCING
INTERESTS IN A TRUST FUND INCLUDING SUCH AGENCY SECURITIES WILL NOT BE SO
GUARANTEED.
PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS SHOULD REVIEW THE MATERIAL RISKS APPEARING UNDER THE
CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" BEGINNING ON PAGE [ ] HEREIN AND SUCH INFORMATION AS
MAY BE SET FORTH UNDER THE CAPTION "RISK FACTORS" IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT BEFORE PURCHASING ANY OFFERED SECURITY.
Prior to issuance there will have been no market for the Securities of any
series and there can be no assurance that a secondary market for any Offered
Securities will develop or that, if it does develop, it will continue. It is
not expected that any application will be made to list the Securities of a
series on any securities exchange. Accordingly the liquidity of the Securities
may be limited. This Prospectus may not be used to consummate sales of the
Offered Securities of any series unless accompanied by the Prospectus
Supplement for such series.
Offers of the Offered Securities may be made through one or more different
methods, including offerings through underwriters, including Deutsche Bank
Securities Inc., as more fully described under "Methods of Distribution"
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The date of this Prospectus is [ ].
<PAGE>
(cover continued from previous page)
Each series of Securities will consist of one or more classes of Securities
that may (i) provide for the accrual of interest thereon based on fixed,
variable or adjustable rates; (ii) be senior or subordinate to one or more
other classes of Securities in respect of certain distributions on the
Securities; (iii) be entitled to principal distributions, with
disproportionately low, nominal or no interest distributions; (iv) be entitled
to interest distributions, with disproportionately low, nominal or no
principal distributions; (v) provide for distributions of accrued interest
thereon commencing only following the occurrence of certain events, such as
the retirement of one or more other classes of Securities of such series; (vi)
provide for distributions of principal as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement; and/or (vii) provide for distributions based on a combination of
two or more components thereof with one or more of the characteristics
described in this paragraph, to the extent of available funds, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Any such classes may include
classes of Offered Securities. See "Description of the Securities."
Principal and interest with respect to Securities will be distributable
monthly, quarterly, semi-annually or at such other intervals and on the dates
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Distributions on the
Securities of any series will be made only from the assets of the related
Trust Fund.
The yield on each class of Securities of a series will be affected by, among
other things, the rate of payment of principal (including prepayments,
repurchase and defaults) on the Assets in the related Trust Fund and the
timing of receipt of such payments as described under the caption "Yield
Considerations" herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement. A Trust Fund
may be subject to early termination or one or more classes of Securities of a
series may be subject to purchase or redemption under the circumstances
described herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, one or more elections
may be made to treat the related Trust Fund or a designated portion thereof as
a "real estate mortgage investment conduit" for federal income tax purposes.
See also "Federal Income Tax Consequences" herein.
----------------
Until 90 days after the date of each Prospectus Supplement, all dealers
effecting transactions in the Offered Securities covered by such Prospectus
Supplement, whether or not participating in the distribution thereof, may be
required to deliver such Prospectus Supplement and this Prospectus. This is in
addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a Prospectus and Prospectus
Supplement when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold
allotments or subscriptions.
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
As more particularly described herein, the Prospectus Supplement relating to
the Offered Securities of each series will, among other things, set forth with
respect to such Securities, as appropriate: (i) a description of the class or
classes of Securities, the payment provisions with respect to each such class
and the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate or method of determining the Pass-
Through Rate or interest rate with respect to each such class; (ii) the
aggregate principal amount and distribution dates relating to such series and,
if applicable, the initial and final scheduled distribution dates for each
class; (iii) information as to the assets comprising the Trust Fund, including
the general characteristics of the assets included therein, including the
2
<PAGE>
Assets and any Credit Support and Cash Flow Agreements (with respect to the
Securities of any series, the "TRUST ASSETS"); (iv) the circumstances, if any,
under which the Trust Fund may be subject to early termination; (v) additional
information with respect to the method of distribution of such Securities;
(vi) whether one or more elections to treat the Trust Fund or portion thereof
as a real estate mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC") will be made and
designation of the regular interests and residual interests; (vii) the
aggregate original percentage ownership interest in the Trust Fund to be
evidenced by each class of Securities; (viii) information as to any Master
Servicer, any Servicer and the Trustee, as applicable; (ix) information as to
the nature and extent of subordination with respect to any class of Securities
that is subordinate in right of payment to any other class; and (x) whether
such Securities will be initially issued in definitive or book-entry form.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Depositor has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
"COMMISSION") a Registration Statement (of which this Prospectus forms a part)
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the Offered
Securities. This Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement relating to each
series of Securities contain summaries of the material terms of the documents
referred to herein and therein, but do not contain all of the information set
forth in the Registration Statement pursuant to the rules and regulations of
the Commission. For further information, reference is made to such
Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto. Such Registration Statement
and exhibits can be inspected and copied at prescribed rates at the public
reference facilities maintained by the Commission at its Public Reference
Section, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549, and at its Regional
Offices located as follows: Chicago Regional Office, Suite 1400, Citicorp
Center, 500 West Madison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511; and New York
Regional Office, Seven World Trade Center, Suite 1300, New York, New York
10048. The Commission maintains a Web site at http://www.sec.gov containing
reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding
registrants, including the Depositor, that file electronically with the
Commission.
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any
representations other than those contained in this Prospectus and any
Prospectus Supplement with respect hereto and, if given or made, such
information or representations must not be relied upon. This Prospectus and
any Prospectus Supplement with respect hereto do not constitute an offer to
sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the
Offered Securities or an offer of the Offered Securities to any person in any
state or other jurisdiction in which such offer would be unlawful. The
delivery of this Prospectus and any Prospectus Supplement hereto at any time
does not imply that information herein is correct as of any time subsequent to
its date.
Copies of Freddie Mac's most recent offering circular for Freddie Mac
Certificates, Freddie Mac's information statements and quarterly reports are
available from Freddie Mac's Investor Inquiry Department, 8200 Jones Branch
Drive, Mail Stop 319, McLean, Virginia 22102 (800-336-3672). The Depositor did
not participate in the preparation of Freddie Mac's offering circular,
information statement or any supplement and, accordingly, makes no
representation as to the accuracy or completeness of the information set forth
therein.
Copies of Fannie Mae's most recent prospectus for Fannie Mae Certificates
are available from Fannie Mae's Mortgage Backed Securities Office, 3900
Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202-752-6547). Fannie Mae's
annual report and quarterly financial statements, as well as other financial
information, are available from Fannie Mae's Office of the Treasurer, 3900
Wisconsin Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20016 (202-752-7000) or the Office of
the Vice President of Investor Relations, 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W.,
Washington, D.C.
3
<PAGE>
20016 (202-752-7000). The Depositor did not participate in the preparation of
Fannie Mae's prospectus and, accordingly, makes no representations as to the
accuracy or completeness of the information set forth therein.
The Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Trustee will be required to mail to
registered holders of Securities (the "SECURITYHOLDERS") of each series
periodic unaudited reports concerning the related Trust Fund. If the
Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities provides that one or more
Classes of Securities are to be issued in book-entry form, then unless and
until definitive Securities are issued, such reports with respect to book-
entry Securities will be sent on behalf of the related Trust Fund to Cede &
Co. ("CEDE"), as nominee of The Depository Trust Company ("DTC") and
registered holder of such Securities, pursuant to the applicable Agreement or
to such other entity set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Such
reports may be available to beneficial owners of the Securities (the "SECURITY
OWNERS") upon request to their respective DTC participants and indirect
participants. See "Description of the Securities--Reports to Securityholders"
and "Description of the Agreements--Certain Terms of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreements and Underlying Servicing Agreements--Evidence as to Compliance."
The Depositor will file or cause to be filed with the Commission such periodic
reports with respect to each Trust Fund as are required under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "EXCHANGE ACT"), and the rules and
regulations of the Commission thereunder, as interpreted by the staff of the
Commission thereunder. The Depositor does not intend to file periodic reports
under the Exchange Act following the expiration of the reporting period
prescribed by Rule 15d-1 of Regulation 15D under the Exchange Act.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
All documents subsequently filed by or on behalf of the Depositor with
respect to each Trust Fund referred to in the accompanying Prospectus
Supplement with the Commission pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d)
of the Exchange Act, after the date of this Prospectus and prior to the
termination of any offering of the Securities issued by such Trust Fund shall
be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and to be a part
of this Prospectus from the date of the filing of such documents. Any
statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by
reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes
of this Prospectus to the extent that a statement contained herein (or in the
accompanying Prospectus Supplement) or in any other subsequently filed
document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference modifies
or replaces such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall
not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of
this Prospectus.
Upon request, the Depositor will provide or cause to be provided without
charge to each person to whom this Prospectus is delivered in connection with
the offering of one or more classes of Offered Securities, a copy of any or
all documents or reports incorporated herein by reference, in each case to the
extent such documents or reports relate to one or more of such classes of such
Offered Securities, other than the exhibits to such documents (unless such
exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in such documents).
Requests to the Depositor should be directed in writing to ACE Securities
Corp., 6707 Fairview Road, Suite D, Charlotte, North Carolina, Attention:
Secretary, or by telephone at (704) 365-0569. The Depositor has determined
that its financial statements are not material to the offering of any Offered
Securities.
4
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT..................................................... 2
AVAILABLE INFORMATION..................................................... 3
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE......................... 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................... 5
SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS..................................................... 11
Title of Securities..................................................... 11
Depositor............................................................... 11
Issuer.................................................................. 11
Servicers............................................................... 11
Master Servicer......................................................... 11
Trustee; Indenture Trustee.............................................. 12
The Trust Assets........................................................ 12
Special Payment Provisions............................................ 12
Mortgage Loans........................................................ 12
Agency Securities..................................................... 14
Mortgage Securities................................................... 14
Collection Accounts................................................... 14
Credit Support........................................................ 15
Cash Flow Agreements.................................................. 15
Pre-Funding Account................................................... 16
Description of Securities............................................... 17
Distributions on Securities............................................. 17
Interest.............................................................. 18
Principal............................................................. 19
Advances.............................................................. 19
Termination........................................................... 19
Registration of Securities............................................ 20
Tax Status of the Securities.......................................... 20
Legal Investment...................................................... 22
ERISA Considerations.................................................. 22
Rating................................................................ 23
Material Risks........................................................ 23
RISK FACTORS.............................................................. 24
Limited Liquidity for Securities........................................ 24
Limited Assets for Payment of Securities................................ 24
Rate of Prepayments on Assets May Adversely Affect Average Lives and
Yields of Securities................................................... 25
Priority of Payment of Securities May Adversely Affect Average Lines and
Yields of Securities................................................... 25
Limited Nature of Ratings............................................... 25
Real Estate Market Conditions Affect Mortgage Loan Performance.......... 26
Variable Payment Provisions in Mortgage Loans May Increase Risk of
Default................................................................ 26
Geographic Concentration May Increase Risk of Loss and Delinquency...... 26
Balloon Payment Assets are More Likely to Experience Losses on
Foreclosure if Obligor is Unable to Refinance or Sell Related
Property............................................................... 27
Junior Mortgage Loans are More Likely to Experience Losses on Foreclo-
sure................................................................... 27
Sub-prime Mortgage Loans May be More Likely to Default or be Fore-
closed................................................................. 27
Potential for Loss Increases if Assets are Delinquent................... 28
</TABLE>
5
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
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<S> <C>
Effects of Failure to Comply with Consumer Protection Laws; Other Legal
Considerations......................................................... 28
Credit Support is Limited in Amount and Coverage........................ 29
Lowering of Rating on Securities May Decrease Value and Liquidity....... 29
Subordinate Securities Bear Risk of Loss Before More Senior Securities.. 29
Residual Securities May Have Adverse Tax Attributes..................... 30
Owners of Book-Entry Securities Not Entitled to Exercise Rights of
Holders of Securities.................................................. 30
Financial Instruments are Subject to Counterparty Risk.................. 30
DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST FUNDS............................................ 31
Assets.................................................................. 31
Mortgage Loans.......................................................... 32
General............................................................... 32
Loan-to-Value Ratio................................................... 32
Mortgage Loan Information in Prospectus Supplements................... 33
Payment Provisions of the Mortgage Loans.............................. 33
Revolving Credit Line Loans........................................... 34
Agency Securities....................................................... 34
Ginnie Mae............................................................ 34
Ginnie Mae Certificates............................................... 35
Fannie Mae............................................................ 36
Fannie Mae Certificates............................................... 36
Freddie Mac........................................................... 37
Freddie Mac Certificates.............................................. 37
Stripped Agency Securities............................................ 38
Mortgage Securities..................................................... 39
FHA Loans and VA Loans.................................................. 39
Pre-Funding Account..................................................... 40
Accounts................................................................ 40
Credit Support.......................................................... 40
Cash Flow Agreements.................................................... 41
USE OF PROCEEDS........................................................... 41
YIELD CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... 42
General................................................................. 42
Pass-Through Rate and Interest Rate..................................... 42
Timing of Payment of Interest........................................... 42
Payments of Principal; Prepayments...................................... 42
Prepayments--Maturity and Weighted Average Life......................... 43
Other Factors Affecting Weighted Average Life........................... 45
Type of Asset......................................................... 45
Termination........................................................... 46
Defaults.............................................................. 46
Foreclosures.......................................................... 47
Refinancing........................................................... 47
Due-on-Sale Clauses................................................... 47
THE DEPOSITOR............................................................. 47
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES............................................. 48
General................................................................. 48
Distributions........................................................... 49
</TABLE>
6
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
PAGE
----
<S> <C>
Available Distribution Amount........................................... 49
Distributions of Interest on the Securities............................. 50
Distributions of Principal of the Securities............................ 50
Components.............................................................. 50
Distributions on the Securities of Prepayment Premiums.................. 52
Allocation of Losses and Shortfalls..................................... 52
Advances in Respect of Delinquencies.................................... 52
Reports to Securityholders.............................................. 53
Termination............................................................. 55
Optional Purchases...................................................... 56
Book-Entry Registration and Definitive Securities....................... 56
DESCRIPTION OF THE AGREEMENTS............................................. 57
Agreements Applicable to a Series....................................... 57
REMIC Securities, Grantor Trust Securities............................ 57
Securities That Are Partnership Interests for Tax Purposes and Notes.. 58
Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements and Underlying
Servicing Agreements................................................... 58
General............................................................... 58
Assignment of Assets; Repurchases..................................... 58
Representations and Warranties; Repurchases........................... 60
Collection Account and Related Accounts............................... 61
General............................................................. 61
Deposits............................................................ 62
Withdrawals......................................................... 62
Other Collection Accounts........................................... 64
Collection and Other Servicing Procedures........................... 64
Realization Upon Defaulted Assets..................................... 65
Hazard Insurance Policies............................................. 67
FHA Insurance and VA Guarantees....................................... 68
Fidelity Bonds and Errors and Omissions Insurance..................... 70
Due-on-Sale Provisions................................................ 70
Retained Interest; Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses..... 70
Evidence as to Compliance............................................. 71
Certain Matters Regarding Servicers, the Master Servicer and the De-
positor.............................................................. 71
Special Servicers..................................................... 72
Events of Default under the Agreement................................. 72
Rights Upon Event of Default under the Agreements..................... 73
Amendment............................................................. 74
The Trustee........................................................... 74
Duties of the Trustee................................................. 74
Certain Matters Regarding the Trustee................................. 75
Resignation and Removal of the Trustee................................ 75
Material Terms of the Indenture......................................... 76
General............................................................... 76
Events of Default..................................................... 76
Discharge of Indenture................................................ 77
Indenture Trustee's Annual Report..................................... 78
The Indenture Trustee................................................. 78
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT SUPPORT............................................. 78
General................................................................. 78
Subordinate Securities.................................................. 79
</TABLE>
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Cross-Support Provisions................................................. 79
Limited Guarantee........................................................ 79
Financial Guaranty Insurance Policy or Surety Bond....................... 79
Letter of Credit......................................................... 80
Pool Insurance Policies.................................................. 80
Special Hazard Insurance Policies........................................ 80
Mortgagor Bankruptcy Bond................................................ 80
Reserve Funds............................................................ 80
Overcollateralization.................................................... 81
CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE LOANS.................................... 82
General.................................................................. 82
Types of Mortgage Instruments............................................ 82
Interest in Real Property................................................ 83
Cooperative Loans........................................................ 83
Land Sale Contracts...................................................... 84
Foreclosure.............................................................. 85
General................................................................ 85
Judicial Foreclosure................................................... 85
Equitable Limitations on Enforceability of Certain Provisions.......... 85
Non-Judicial Foreclosure/Power of Sale................................. 86
Public Sale............................................................ 86
Rights of Redemption................................................... 87
Cooperative Loans...................................................... 88
Junior Mortgages......................................................... 89
Anti-Deficiency Legislation and Other Limitations on Lenders............. 89
Environmental Considerations............................................. 90
Due-on-Sale Clauses...................................................... 93
Prepayment Charges....................................................... 93
Subordinate Financing.................................................... 93
Applicability of Usury Laws.............................................. 94
Alternative Mortgage Instruments......................................... 95
Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940.......................... 95
Forfeitures in Drug and RICO Proceedings................................. 95
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES............................................ 96
General.................................................................. 96
Taxable Mortgage Pools................................................. 97
REMICS................................................................... 97
Classification of REMICS............................................... 97
Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities.................... 99
Tiered REMIC Structures................................................ 100
Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities............................... 100
General.............................................................. 100
Original Issue Discount.............................................. 100
Acquisition Premium.................................................. 103
Variable Rate Regular Securities..................................... 103
Market Discount...................................................... 105
Amortizable Premium.................................................. 106
Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method......... 106
Treatment of Losses.................................................. 107
Sale or Exchange of Regular Securities............................... 108
Taxation of Owners of Residual Securities.............................. 108
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Taxation of REMIC Income............................................ 108
Basis and Losses.................................................... 110
Treatment of Certain Items of REMIC Income and Expense.............. 111
Original Issue Discount and Premium............................... 111
Market Discount................................................... 111
Premium........................................................... 111
Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC Income.................. 111
Tax-Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities......... 112
Disqualified Organizations........................................ 112
Noneconomic Residual Interests.................................... 114
Foreign Investors................................................. 114
Sale or Exchange of a Residual Security............................. 115
Mark to Market Regulations.......................................... 116
Taxes That May Be Imposed on the REMIC Pool........................... 116
Prohibited Transactions............................................. 116
Contributions to the REMIC Pool After the Startup Day............... 116
Net Income from Foreclosure Property................................ 117
Liquidation of the REMIC Pool....................................... 117
Administrative Matters.............................................. 117
Limitations on Deduction of Certain Expenses........................ 117
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors................................. 118
Regular Securities.................................................. 118
Residual Securities................................................. 119
Backup Withholding.................................................. 119
Reporting Requirements.............................................. 119
Grantor Trust Funds..................................................... 120
Classification of Grantor Trust Funds................................. 120
Standard Securities..................................................... 121
General............................................................... 121
Tax Status.......................................................... 121
Premium and Discount................................................ 122
Premium........................................................... 122
Original Issue Discount............................................. 122
Market Discount................................................... 123
Recharacterization of Servicing Fees................................ 123
Sale or Exchange of Standard Securities............................. 124
Stripped Securities..................................................... 124
General............................................................... 124
Status of Stripped Securities......................................... 126
Taxation of Stripped Securities....................................... 126
Original Issue Discount............................................. 126
Sale or Exchange of Stripped Securities............................. 127
Purchase of More Than One Class of Stripped Securities.............. 127
Possible Alternative Characterization............................... 127
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding......................... 128
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors................................. 128
Partnership Trust Funds................................................. 128
Classification of Partnership Trust Funds............................. 128
Characterization of Investments in Partnership Securities and Debt Se-
curities............................................................. 129
Taxation of Debt Securityholders...................................... 129
Treatment of the Debt Securities as Indebtedness...................... 129
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Taxation of Owners of Partnership Securities........................... 129
Treatment of the Partnership Trust Fund as a Partnership............. 129
Partnership Taxation................................................... 130
Discount and Premium................................................. 131
Section 708 Termination.............................................. 131
Disposition of Securities............................................ 131
Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees...................... 132
Section 731 Distributions............................................ 132
Section 754 Election................................................. 132
Administrative Matters............................................... 133
Tax Consequences to Foreign Securityholders.......................... 133
Backup Withholding................................................... 134
STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES........................................... 135
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS....................................................... 135
LEGAL INVESTMENT........................................................... 139
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION.................................................... 140
LEGAL MATTERS.............................................................. 141
FINANCIAL INFORMATION...................................................... 142
RATING..................................................................... 142
INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS..................................................... 143
</TABLE>
10
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SUMMARY OF PROSPECTUS
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more
detailed information appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus and by reference to
the information with respect to each series of Securities contained in the
Prospectus Supplement to be prepared and delivered in connection with the
offering of such series. An Index of Defined Terms is included at the end of
this Prospectus beginning on page [ ].
Title of Securities......... Asset Backed Certificates (the "CERTIFICATES")
and Asset Backed Notes (the "NOTES" and, together
with the Certificates, the "SECURITIES"),
issuable in series.
Depositor................... ACE Securities Corp. (the "DEPOSITOR"), a wholly-
owned indirect subsidiary of [ ]. Neither the
Depositor nor any of its affiliates will insure
or guarantee the Securities or the Assets or be
otherwise obligated in respect thereof.
Issuer...................... With respect to each series of Securities, the
Trust Fund to be formed pursuant to either a
deposit trust agreement or a pooling and
servicing agreement.
Servicers................... To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, one or more entities identified
therein (each, a "SERVICER") that will service
the Assets contained in each Trust Fund. In the
event there is only one Servicer performing the
servicing functions with respect to the Assets in
a Trust Fund, such Assets will be serviced
pursuant to a related pooling and servicing
agreement (each, a "POOLING AND SERVICING
AGREEMENT"). In the event there are multiple
Servicers, or in the event the Securities consist
of Notes, each Servicer will perform such
servicing functions pursuant to a related
servicing agreement (each, an "UNDERLYING
SERVICING AGREEMENT"). A Servicer may be an
affiliate of the Depositor. See "Description of
the Agreements."
Master Servicer............. In the event that there is more than one Servicer
for the Assets of the Trust Fund relating to a
series of Certificates, a master servicer (the
"MASTER SERVICER") may be appointed to perform
certain administration, calculation and reporting
functions with respect to the Trust Fund and may
supervise the Servicers pursuant to a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. In addition, to the extent
described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
if advances are required to be made with respect
to delinquent scheduled payments on the Assets in
the Trust Fund the Master Servicer may be
required to make such advances to the extent the
related Servicer fails to do so. The Master
Servicer may be an affiliate of the Depositor.
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See "Description of the Agreements" and
"Description of the Securities--Advances in
Respect of Delinquencies."
Trustee; Indenture The trustee (the "TRUSTEE") or indenture trustee
Trustee..................... (the "INDENTURE TRUSTEE") for each series of
Securities will be named in the related
Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the
Agreements--Certain Terms of the Pooling and
Servicing Agreements and Underlying Servicing
Agreements--The Trustee" and "Certain Terms of
the Indenture--The Indenture Trustee."
The Trust Assets............
Each series of Certificates will represent in the
aggregate the entire beneficial ownership
interest in a Trust Fund. If a series of
Securities includes Notes, such Notes will
represent indebtedness of the Trust Fund and will
be secured by a security interest in the Assets
of the Trust Fund. A Trust Fund will consist
primarily of any of the following assets: the
Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities and Mortgage
Securities (referred to collectively or
individually as "ASSETS").
(a) Special Payment The Assets included in a Trust Fund may be
Provisions.................. subject to various types of payment provisions as
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement,
and may include Level Payment Assets, Adjustable
Rate Assets, Buydown Assets, GPM Assets, Step-up
Rate Assets, Interest Reduction Assets, GEM
Assets, Balloon Payment Assets, Convertible
Assets, Bi-Weekly Assets or Increasing Payment
Assets. See "Description of the Trust Funds--
Assets." The characteristics of the Assets
included in a Trust Fund will not vary by more
than five percent (by aggregate principal balance
as of the Cut-off Date) from the characteristics
thereof that are described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
(b) Mortgage Loans..........
The Mortgage Loans with respect to a series of
Securities will consist of a pool of single
family mortgage loans (or certain balances
thereof) (the "MORTGAGE LOANS"). The Mortgage
Loans will not be guaranteed or insured by the
Depositor or any of its affiliates. The Mortgage
Loans will be guaranteed or insured by a
governmental agency or instrumentality or other
person only if and to the extent expressly
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement. If
so specified in the Prospectus Supplement, the
Mortgage Loans may be insured by the Federal
Housing Administration (the "FHA") or partially
guaranteed by the Veterans Administration (the
"VA"). The Mortgage Loans will be secured by
first and/or junior liens on one- to four-family
residential real properties or security interests
in shares issued by cooperative housing
corporations ("SINGLE FAMILY PROPERTIES") (Single
Family Properties are sometimes referred to
herein as "MORTGAGED PROPERTIES" ). The Mortgaged
Properties will be located in
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any one of the fifty states, the District of
Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico or any other
territory of the United States. The Mortgage
Loans may include closed-end and/or revolving
home equity loans or certain balances thereof
("HOME EQUITY LOANS" ). In addition, the Mortgage
Loans may include certain Mortgage Loans
evidenced by contracts ("LAND SALE CONTRACTS" )
for the sale of properties pursuant to which the
mortgagor promises to pay the amount due thereon
to the holder thereof with fee title to the
related property held by such holder until the
mortgagor has made all of the payments required
pursuant to such Land Sale Contract, at which
time fee title is conveyed to the mortgagor. All
Mortgage Loans will have been originated by
persons other than the Depositor, and all
Mortgage Loans will have been purchased, either
directly or indirectly, by the Depositor on or
before the date of initial issuance of the
related series of Securities or, if the related
Trust Fund includes a Pre-Funding Account, as
described herein, within the period specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement following such
date. The related Prospectus Supplement will
indicate if any such persons are affiliates of
the Depositor. To the extent specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, all or a portion
of the Mortgage Loans will be Sub-prime Mortgage
Loans, as described under "Risk Factors--Sub-
prime Mortgage Loans May be More Likely to
Default or to be Foreclosed." Each Mortgage Loan
may provide for accrual of interest thereon at an
interest rate (a "MORTGAGE RATE" ) that is fixed
over its term or that adjusts from time to time,
or that may be converted from an adjustable to a
fixed Mortgage Rate, or from a fixed to an
adjustable Mortgage Rate, from time to time at
the mortgagor's election, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Adjustable Mortgage Rates on the Mortgage Loans
in a Trust Fund may be based on one or more
indices. Each Mortgage Loan may provide for
scheduled payments to maturity, payments that
adjust from time to time to accommodate changes
in the Mortgage Rate or to reflect the occurrence
of certain events, and may provide for negative
amortization or accelerated amortization, in each
case as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan may be fully
amortizing or require a balloon payment due on
its stated maturity date, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Each Mortgage Loan may contain prohibitions on
prepayment or require payment of a premium or a
yield maintenance penalty in connection with a
prepayment, in each case as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The Mortgage Loans
may
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provide for payments of principal, interest or
both, on due dates that occur monthly, quarterly,
semi-annually or at such other interval as is
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
See "Description of the Trust Funds--Assets."
If so provided in the related Prospectus
(c) Agency Securities....... Supplement, the Trust Fund may include any
combination of "fully modified pass-through"
mortgage-backed certificates ("GINNIE MAE
CERTIFICATES" ) guaranteed by the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GINNIE MAE" ),
guaranteed mortgage pass-through securities
("FANNIE MAE CERTIFICATES" ) issued by Fannie Mae
("FANNIE MAE" ) and mortgage participation
certificates ("FREDDIE MAC CERTIFICATES" ) issued
by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
("FREDDIE MAC" ) (each, and collectively, "AGENCY
SECURITIES" ).
If so provided in the related Prospectus
(d) Mortgage Securities..... Supplement, the Trust Fund may include asset-
backed certificates, collateralized mortgage
obligations or participation certificates (each,
and collectively, "MORTGAGE SECURITIES" )
evidencing interests in, or collateralized by,
mortgage loans or Agency Securities. Mortgage
Securities included in a Trust Fund (i) will have
been issued by an entity other than the Depositor
or its affiliates, (ii) will have been acquired
in bona fide secondary market transactions from
persons other than the issuer thereof or its
affiliates and (iii) will have previously been
(a) offered and distributed to the public
pursuant to an effective registration statement
or (b) purchased in a transaction not involving
any public offering from a person who is not an
affiliate of the issuer of such securities at the
time of sale (nor an affiliate thereof at any
time during the three preceding months); provided
a period of two years has elapsed since the later
of the date the securities were acquired from the
issuer or an affiliate thereof. Although
individual assets underlying the Mortgage
Securities may be insured or guaranteed by the
United States or an agency or instrumentality
thereof, they need not be, and the Mortgage
Securities themselves will not be so insured or
guaranteed. See "Description of the Trust Funds--
Mortgage Securities." Payments on the Mortgage
Securities will be distributed directly to the
Trustee or other person specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement as registered owner of such
Mortgage Securities.
Each Trust Fund will include one or more accounts
(e) Collection Accounts..... established and maintained on behalf of the
Securityholders into which the person or persons
designated in the related Prospectus Supplement
will, to the extent described herein
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and in such Prospectus Supplement, deposit all
payments and collections received or advanced
with respect to the Assets and other assets in
the Trust Fund. Such an account may be maintained
as an interest bearing or a non-interest bearing
account, and funds held therein may be held as
cash or invested in certain short-term,
investment grade obligations, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
See "Description of the Agreements--Certain Terms
of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements and
Underlying Servicing Agreements--Collection
Account and Related Accounts."
If so provided in the related Prospectus
(f) Credit Support..... Supplement, partial or full protection against
certain defaults and losses on the Assets in the
related Trust Fund may be provided to one or more
classes of Securities of the related series in
the form of subordination of one or more other
classes of Securities of such series, which other
classes may include one or more classes of
Offered Securities, or by one or more other types
of credit support, such as a letter of credit,
insurance policy, guarantee, reserve fund or
another type of credit support, or a combination
thereof (any such coverage with respect to the
Securities of any series, "CREDIT SUPPORT" ). The
amount and types of coverage, the identification
of the entity providing the coverage (if
applicable) and related information with respect
to each type of Credit Support, if any, will be
described in the Prospectus Supplement for a
series of Securities. See "Risk Factors--Credit
Support is Limited in Amount and Coverage" and
"Description of Credit Support."
If so provided in the related Prospectus
(g) Cash Flow Agreements.... Supplement, the Trust Fund may include guaranteed
investment contracts pursuant to which moneys
held in the funds and accounts established for
the related series will be invested at a
specified rate. The Trust Fund may also include
certain other agreements, such as interest rate
exchange agreements, interest rate cap or floor
agreements, currency exchange agreements or
similar agreements provided to reduce the effects
of interest rate or currency exchange rate
fluctuations on the Assets or on one or more
classes of Securities. Currency exchange
agreements might be included in the Trust Fund if
some or all of the Assets (such as Mortgage Loans
secured by Mortgaged Properties located outside
the United States) were denominated in a non-
United States currency. The principal terms of
any such guaranteed investment contract or other
agreement (any such agreement, a "CASH FLOW
AGREEMENT" ), including, without limitation,
provisions relating to the timing, manner and
amount of
15
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payments thereunder and provisions relating to
the termination thereof, will be described in the
Prospectus Supplement for the related series. In
addition, the related Prospectus Supplement will
provide certain information with respect to the
obligor under any such Cash Flow Agreement. See
"Description of the Trust Funds--Cash Flow
Agreements."
(h) Pre-Funding Account..... To the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a portion of the proceeds of the
issuance of Securities may be deposited into an
account maintained with the Trustee (a "PRE-
FUNDING ACCOUNT" ). In such event, the Depositor
will be obligated (subject only to the
availability thereof) to sell at a predetermined
price, and the Trust Fund for the related series
of Securities will be obligated to purchase
(subject to the satisfaction of certain
conditions described in the applicable
Agreement), additional Assets (the "SUBSEQUENT
ASSETS" ) from time to time (as frequently as
daily) within the period (not to exceed three
months) specified in the Prospectus Supplement
(the "PRE-FUNDING PERIOD" ) after the issuance of
such series of Securities having an aggregate
principal balance approximately equal to the
amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account (the
"PRE-FUNDED AMOUNT" ) for such series on date of
such issuance. The Pre-Funded Amount with respect
to a series is not expected to exceed 25% of the
aggregate initial Security Balance of the related
Securities. Except as set forth in the following
sentence, the Pre-Funded Amount will be used only
to purchase Subsequent Mortgage Loans. Any
portion of the Pre-Funded Amount remaining in the
Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding
Period will be used to prepay one or more classes
of Securities in the amounts and in the manner
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
In addition, if specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor may be
required to deposit cash into an account
maintained by the Trustee (the "CAPITALIZED
INTEREST ACCOUNT" ) for the purpose of assuring
the availability of funds to pay interest with
respect to the Securities during the Pre-Funding
Period. Any amount remaining in the Capitalized
Interest Account at the end of the Pre-Funding
Period will be remitted as specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Amounts deposited
in the Pre-Funding and Capitalized Interest
Accounts will be permitted to be invested,
pending application thereof, only in eligible
investments authorized by each applicable Rating
Agency. See "Description of the Trust Funds--Pre-
Funding Account".
16
<PAGE>
Description of Securities... Each series of Certificates will evidence an
interest in the related Trust Fund and will be
issued pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing
Agreement. If a series of Securities includes
Notes, such Notes will represent indebtedness of
the related Trust Fund (which will be formed
pursuant to a deposit trust agreement (each, a
"DEPOSIT TRUST AGREEMENT" ) between the Depositor
and an owner trustee specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) and will be secured by a
security interest in the Assets of the Trust Fund
(or a specified group thereof) pursuant to an
indenture (each, an "INDENTURE" ). Some or all of
the Assets in a Trust Fund may be serviced
pursuant to one or more Underlying Servicing
Agreements. The Pooling and Servicing Agreements
and Underlying Servicing Agreements are referred
to herein as the "AGREEMENTS." Each series of
Securities will include one or more classes. Each
class of Securities (other than certain Strip
Securities, as defined below) will have a stated
principal amount (a "SECURITY BALANCE" ) and
except for certain Strip Securities, as defined
below, will accrue interest thereon based on a
fixed, variable or adjustable interest rate (in
the case of Certificates, a "PASS-THROUGH
RATE" ). The related Prospectus Supplement will
specify the Security Balance, if any, and the
Pass-Through Rate or interest rate for each class
of Securities or, in the case of a variable or
adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate,
the method for determining the Pass-Through Rate
or interest rate.
Distributions on Each series of Securities will consist of one or
Securities.................. more classes of Securities that may (i) provide
for the accrual of interest thereon based on
fixed, variable or adjustable rates; (ii) be
senior (collectively, "SENIOR SECURITIES" ) or
subordinate (collectively, "SUBORDINATE
SECURITIES" ) to one or more other classes of
Securities in respect of certain distributions on
the Securities; (iii) be entitled either to (A)
principal distributions, with disproportionately
low, nominal or no interest distributions or (B)
interest distributions, with disproportionately
low, nominal or no principal distributions
(collectively, "STRIP SECURITIES" ); (iv) provide
for distributions of accrued interest thereon
commencing only following the occurrence of
certain events, such as the retirement of one or
more other classes of Securities of such series
(collectively, "ACCRUAL SECURITIES" ); (v)
provide for distributions of principal as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
and/or (vi) provide for distributions based on a
combination of two or more components thereof
with one or more of the characteristics described
in this paragraph, including one or more Strip
Security or Accrual Security components, to the
extent of
17
<PAGE>
available funds, in each case as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. If so specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, distributions
on one or more classes of a series of Securities
may be limited to collections from a designated
portion of the Assets in the related Trust Fund
(each such portion of Assets, an "ASSET GROUP").
See "Description of the Securities--General." Any
such classes may include classes of Offered
Securities. With respect to Securities with two
or more components, references herein to Security
Balance, notional amount and Pass-Through Rate or
interest rate refer to the principal balance, if
any, notional amount, if any, and the Pass-
Through Rate or interest rate, if any, for any
such component.
The Securities will not represent any interest in
or obligation of the Depositor or any affiliate
thereof except as set fort herein, nor will the
Securities, any Assets (other than Assets
identified as FHA Loans or VA Loans in the
related Prospectus Supplement) or Mortgage
Securities be insured or guaranteed by any
governmental agency or instrumentality. Although
payment of principal and interest on Agency
Securities will be guaranteed as described herein
and in the related Prospectus Supplement by
Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, the
Securities of any series including such Agency
Securities will not be so guaranteed. See "Risk
Factors--Limited Assets for Payment of
Securities" and "Description of the Securities."
(a) Interest................ Interest on each class of Offered Securities
(other than certain classes of Strip Securities)
of each series will accrue at the applicable
Pass-Through Rate or interest rate on the
outstanding Security Balance thereof and will be
distributed to Securityholders as provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The specified date
on which distributions are to be made is a
"DISTRIBUTION DATE." Distributions with respect
to interest on certain classes of Strip
Securities may be made on each Distribution Date
on the basis of a notional amount as described in
the related Prospectus Supplement. Distributions
of interest with respect to one or more classes
of Securities may be reduced to the extent of
certain delinquencies, losses, prepayment
interest shortfalls, and other contingencies
described herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement. See "Risk Factors--Rate of
Prepayments on Assets and Priority of Payment of
Securities May Adversely Affect Average Lives and
Yields of Securities," "Yield Considerations" and
"Description of the Securities--Distributions of
Interest on the Securities."
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(b) Principal............... The Securities of each series initially will have
an aggregate Security Balance no greater than the
outstanding principal balance of the Assets as
of, unless the related Prospectus Supplement
provides otherwise, the close of business on the
first day of the month of formation of the
related Trust Fund (the "CUT-OFF DATE" ), after
application of scheduled payments due on or
before such date, whether or not received. The
Security Balance of a Security outstanding from
time to time represents the maximum amount that
the holder thereof is then entitled to receive in
respect of principal from future cash flow on the
assets in the related Trust Fund. Distributions
of principal will be made on each Distribution
Date to the class or classes of Securities in the
amounts and in accordance with the priorities
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Distributions of principal of any class of
Securities will be made on a pro rata basis among
all of the Securityholders of such class, by
random selection, or as described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Certain classes of Strip
Securities with no Security Balance will not
receive distributions in respect of principal.
See "Description of the Securities--Distributions
of Principal of the Securities."
Advances.................... To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Servicer will be obligated as
part of its servicing responsibilities to make
certain advances that in its good faith judgment
it deems recoverable with respect to delinquent
scheduled payments on the Assets serviced by such
Servicer in such Trust Fund. If so specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master
Servicer, the Trustee or other entity so
specified will be required to make such advances
in the event a Servicer fails to do so. Neither
the Depositor nor, except to the extent specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, any of its
affiliates will have any responsibility to make
such advances. Advances are reimbursable
generally from subsequent recoveries in respect
of such Assets and otherwise to the extent
described herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement. If and to the extent provided in the
Prospectus Supplement for any series, a Servicer
or another entity will be entitled to receive
interest on its outstanding advances, payable
from amounts in the related Trust Fund. See
"Description of the Securities--Advances in
Respect of Delinquencies."
Termination................. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, a series of Securities may be subject
to optional early termination through the
repurchase of the Assets in the related Trust
Fund by the party specified therein, under the
circumstances and in the manner set
19
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forth therein. If so provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, upon the reduction of the
Security Balance of a specified class or classes
of Securities to a specified percentage or on and
after a date specified in such Prospectus
Supplement, the party specified therein will
solicit bids for the purchase of all of the
Assets of the Trust Fund, or of a sufficient
portion of such Assets to retire such class or
classes, or purchase such Assets at a price set
forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. Any
such purchase or solicitation of bids may be made
only when the aggregate security balance of such
class or classes declines to a percentage of the
initial Security Balance of such Securities
(generally not to exceed 10%) specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In addition, if so
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement,
certain classes of Securities may be purchased or
redeemed in the manner set forth therein. In
either case, the purchase price will at least
equal the outstanding Security Balance of all
Securities, or of the Securities to be purchased
or redeemed, if less than all of the Securities,
and any accrued and unpaid interest thereon. See
"Description of the Securities--Termination."
Registration of If so provided in the related Prospectus
Securities.................. Supplement, one or more classes of the Offered
Securities will initially be represented by one
or more certificates or notes, as applicable,
registered in the name of Cede & Co., as the
nominee of DTC. No person acquiring an interest
in Offered Securities so registered will be
entitled to receive a definitive certificate or
note, as applicable, representing such person's
interest except in the event that definitive
certificates or notes, as applicable, are issued
under the limited circumstances described herein.
See "Risk Factors--Owners of Book-Entry
Securities Not Entitled to Exercise Rights of
Holders of Securities" and "Description of the
Securities--Book-Entry Registration and
Definitive Securities."
Tax Status of the The following discussion represents the opinion
Securities.................. of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft. The Securities
of each series offered hereby will constitute
either (i) "regular interests" ("REGULAR
SECURITIES") and "residual interests" ("RESIDUAL
SECURITIES") in a Trust Fund treated as a real
estate mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC")
under Sections 860A through 860G of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "CODE"),
(ii) interests ("GRANTOR TRUST SECURITIES") in a
Trust Fund treated as a grantor trust under
applicable provisions of the Code, (iii)
interests ("PARTNERSHIP SECURITIES") in a Trust
Fund treated as a partnership under applicable
provisions of the Code,
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or (iv) evidences of indebtedness ("DEBT
SECURITIES") of a Trust Fund treated as debt
instruments for federal income tax purposes. In
general, to the extent the assets and income of
the Trust Fund are treated as qualifying assets
and income under the following sections of the
Code, Regular Securities (i) owned by a "domestic
building and loan association" will be treated as
"loans . . . secured by an interest in real
property which is . . . residential real
property" within the meaning of Code Section
7701(a)(19)(C) and (ii) owned by a real estate
investment trust will be treated as "real estate
assets" for purposes of Section 856(c)(4)(A) of
the Code and interest income therefrom will be
treated as "interest on obligations secured by
mortgages on real property" for purposes of
Section 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code. In addition,
Regular Securities will be "qualified mortgages"
within the meaning of Section 860G(a)(3) of the
Code if transferred to another REMIC on its
startup in exchange for regular or residual
interests therein. Moreover, if 95% or more of
the assets and the income of the Trust Fund
qualify for any of the foregoing treatments, the
Regular Securities will qualify for the foregoing
treatments in their entirety. Residual Securities
generally will be treated as representing an
interest in qualifying assets and income to the
same extent described above for institutions
subject to Sections 7701(a)(19)(C), 856(c)(4)(A)
and 856(c)(3)(B) of the Code. A portion (or, in
certain cases, all) of the income from Residual
Securities (i) may not be offset by any losses
from other activities of the holder of such
Residual Securities, (ii) may be treated as
unrelated business taxable income, for holders of
Residual Securities that are subject to tax on
unrelated business taxable income (as defined in
Section 511 of the Code), and (iii) may be
subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding
rules. In addition, transfers of certain Residual
Securities may be disregarded under some
circumstances for all federal income tax
purposes. See "Federal Income Tax Consequences--
REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Residual
Securities-Excess Inclusions," and "Noneconomic
Residual Securities" herein. Grantor Trust
Securities may be either Standard Securities
having the same percentage ownership of principal
and interest payments on the Mortgage Loans or
Strip Securities having a different percentage
ownership interests in such principal and
interest payments. Holders of Grantor Trust
Securities generally will be treated as owning an
interest in qualifying assets and income under
Sections 7701(a)(19)(C), 856(c)(4)(A),
856(c)(3)(B) and 860G(a)(3)(A) of the Code.
Partnership Securities will be treated as
partnership interests for purposes of federal
income
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taxation, and accordingly, will not represent an
interest in qualifying assets for purposes of
Section 7701(a)(19)(C) of the Code, but will
represent qualifying assets and income under
Sections 856(c)(4)(A) and 856(c)(3)(B) of the
Code to the extent their proportionate share of
the assets of the related Trust Fund so qualify.
Debt Securities will not represent qualifying
assets or income for purposes of any
of the preceding sections. See "Federal Income
Tax Consequences" herein and in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
Legal Investment............ The Prospectus Supplement for each series of
Securities will specify which class or classes of
Offered Securities of such series, if any, will
constitute "mortgage related securities" for
purposes of the Secondary Mortgage Market
Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended ("SMMEA").
Investors whose investment authority is subject
to legal restrictions should consult their own
legal advisors to determine whether and to what
extent the Offered Securities constitute legal
investments for them. See "Legal Investment"
herein and in the related Prospectus Supplement.
ERISA Considerations........ An investment in Offered Securities by an
employee benefit plan or other retirement plan or
arrangement that is subject to Title I of the
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974,
as amended ("ERISA") or Section 4975 of the Code
(each, a "PLAN") may cause the Assets of the
related Trust Fund to be deemed "plan assets" and
could give rise to a "prohibited transaction"
within the meaning of ERISA and the Code. The
U.S. Department of Labor has issued an individual
exemption, Prohibited Transaction Exemption (the
"EXEMPTION"), to Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
("DBSI") that generally exempts from the
application of certain of the prohibited
transaction provisions of ERISA and the excise
taxes imposed on such prohibited transactions by
Section 4975 of the Code, transactions relating
to the purchase, sale and holding of pass-through
securities underwritten by DBSI and the servicing
and operation of pools of assets such as certain
of the Assets, provided that certain conditions
are satisfied. To the extent the Securities are
not treated as equity interests in the related
Trust Fund for purposes of ERISA, a Plan's
investment in such Securities would not cause the
Assets to be deemed "plan assets." However, the
purchase or holding of such non-equity Securities
by a Plan with respect to which an affiliate of
the Depositor or an equity investor is a "party
in interest" (within the meaning of ERISA) or a
"disqualified person" (within the meaning of the
Code) could give rise to a prohibited transaction
unless one or more statutory or administrative
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exemptions apply to such investment. The
Prospectus Supplement with respect to a series of
Securities may contain additional information
regarding the application of the Exemption or any
other exemption with respect to the Securities
offered thereby. See "ERISA Considerations"
herein.
Rating...................... At the date of issuance, as to each series, each
class of Offered Securities will be rated in one
of the four highest rating categories by one or
more nationally recognized statistical rating
agencies (each, a "RATING AGENCY"). A security
rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or
hold such Securities and is subject to revision
or withdrawal at any time by the assigning Rating
Agency. Further, such ratings do not address the
possibility that, as a result of principal
prepayments, holders of Securities may receive a
lower than anticipated yield. If a series of
Securities provides for the establishment of a
Pre-Funding Account, it will be an express
condition to the purchase of Subsequent Assets
that, after notice to each assigning Rating
Agency, no Rating Agency notifies the Depositor
that such purchase would result in the withdrawal
or downgrade of the ratings assigned to such
Securities. See "Rating" herein.
Material Risks.............. Prospective investors are urged to read "Risk
Factors" herein and in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement for a discussion of the material risks
associated with an investment in the Securities.
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RISK FACTORS
Investors should consider, in connection with the purchase of Offered
Securities, among other things, the following factors.
LIMITED LIQUIDITY FOR SECURITIES
At the time of issuance of a series of Securities, there will be no
secondary market for any of the Securities. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and
the other underwriters, if any, specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, currently expect to make a secondary market in the Offered
Securities, but have no obligation to do so. There can be no assurance that a
secondary market for the Securities of any series will develop or, if it does
develop, that it will provide holders with liquidity of investment or will
continue while Securities of such series remain outstanding. It is not
expected that any application will be made to list the Securities of a series
on any securities exchange. Accordingly, the liquidity of the Securities may
be limited.
LIMITED ASSETS FOR PAYMENT OF SECURITIES
The Securities will not represent an interest in or obligation of the
Depositor, any Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Trustee or any of their
affiliates. The only obligations with respect to the Securities or the Assets
will be the obligations (if any) of the Warranting Party (as defined herein)
pursuant to certain limited representations and warranties made with respect
to the Assets, the Master Servicer's obligations and any Servicer's servicing
obligations under the related Agreement (including the limited obligation to
make certain advances in the event of delinquencies on the Assets, but only to
the extent deemed recoverable) and, if and to the extent expressly described
in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain limited obligations of a
Servicer or Master Servicer in connection with an agreement to purchase or act
as remarketing agent with respect to a convertible ARM Loan (as defined
herein) upon conversion to a fixed rate or a different index. Since certain
representations and warranties with respect to the Assets may have been made
and/or assigned in connection with transfers of such Assets prior to the
issuance of the Securities, the rights of the Trustee and the Securityholders
with respect to such representations or warranties will be limited to their
rights as an assignee thereof. Except to the extent, if any, specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, none of the Depositor, any Master Servicer, any
Servicer, the Trustee or any of their affiliates will have any obligation with
respect to representations or warranties made by any other entity. Except to
the extent, if any, specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, neither
the Securities nor the underlying Assets will be guaranteed or insured by any
governmental agency or instrumentality, or by the Depositor, any Master
Servicer, any Servicer, the Trustee or any of their affiliates. Proceeds of
the assets included in the related Trust Fund for each series of Securities
(including the Assets and any form of credit enhancement) will be the sole
source of payments on the Securities, and there will be no recourse to the
Depositor or any other entity in the event that such proceeds are insufficient
or otherwise unavailable to make all payments provided for under the
Securities.
EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT, IF ANY, SPECIFIED IN THE RELATED PROSPECTUS
SUPPLEMENT, A SERIES OF SECURITIES WILL NOT HAVE ANY CLAIM AGAINST OR SECURITY
INTEREST IN THE TRUST FUNDS FOR ANY OTHER SERIES AND THE ASSETS INCLUDED IN
THE RELATED TRUST FUND WILL BE THE SOLE SOURCE OF PAYMENTS ON THE SECURITIES
OF A SERIES. IF THE RELATED TRUST FUND IS INSUFFICIENT TO MAKE PAYMENTS ON
SUCH SECURITIES, NO OTHER ASSETS WILL BE AVAILABLE FOR PAYMENT OF THE
DEFICIENCY. Additionally, certain amounts remaining in certain funds or
accounts, including the Collection Accounts and any accounts maintained as
Credit Support, may be withdrawn under certain conditions, as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In the event of such withdrawal, such amounts
will not be available for future payment of principal of or interest on the
Securities. If
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so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities containing
one or more classes of Subordinate Securities, on any Distribution Date in
respect of which losses or shortfalls in collections on the Assets have been
incurred, the amount of such losses or shortfalls will be borne first by one
or more classes of the Subordinate Securities, and, thereafter, by the
remaining classes of Securities in the priority and manner and subject to the
limitations specified in such Prospectus Supplement.
RATE OF PREPAYMENTS ON ASSETS MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT AVERAGE LIVES AND YIELDS OF
SECURITIES
Prepayments (including those caused by defaults) on the Assets in any Trust
Fund (or, in the case of Agency Securities and Mortgage Securities, the
underlying assets related thereto) generally will result in a faster rate of
principal payments on one or more classes of the related Securities than if
payments on such Assets were made as scheduled. Thus, the prepayment
experience on the Assets may affect the average life of each class of related
Securities. The rate of principal payments on pools of mortgage loans varies
between pools and from time to time is influenced by a variety of economic,
demographic, geographic, social, tax, legal and other factors. There can be no
assurance as to the rate of prepayment on the assets underlying or comprising
the Assets in any Trust Fund or that the rate of payments will conform to any
model described herein or in any Prospectus Supplement. If prevailing interest
rates fall significantly below the applicable mortgage interest rates,
principal prepayments are likely to be higher than if prevailing rates remain
at or above the rates borne by the assets underlying or comprising the Assets
in any Trust Fund. As a result, the actual maturity of any class of Securities
evidencing an interest in or an obligation of a Trust Fund containing Mortgage
Loans, Agency Securities or Mortgage Securities could occur significantly
earlier than expected. Conversely, if prevailing interest rates rise
significantly above the applicable mortgage interest rates, principal
prepayments are likely to be lower than if prevailing rates remain at or below
the rates borne by the assets underlying or comprising the Assets in any Trust
Fund and the maturity of any class of Securities evidencing an interest in or
an obligation of such Trust Fund could occur significantly later than
expected. In addition, certain prepayments may result in the collection of
less interest than would otherwise be the case in the month of prepayment.
PRIORITY OF PAYMENT OF SECURITIES MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT AVERAGE LIVES AND
YIELDS OF SECURITIES
A series of Securities may include one or more classes of Securities with
priorities of payment and, as a result, yields on other classes of Securities,
including classes of Offered Securities, of such series may be more sensitive
to prepayments on Assets. A series of Securities may include one or more
classes offered at a significant premium or discount. Yields on such classes
of Securities will be sensitive, and in some cases extremely sensitive, to
prepayments on Assets and, where the amount of interest payable with respect
to a class is disproportionately high, as compared to the amount of principal,
as with certain classes of Strip Securities, a holder might, in some
prepayment scenarios, fail to recoup its original investment. A series of
Securities may include one or more classes of Securities, including classes of
Offered Securities, that provide for distribution of principal thereof from
amounts attributable to interest accrued but not currently distributable on
one or more classes of Accrual Securities and, as a result, yields on such
Securities will be sensitive to (a) the provisions of such Accrual Securities
relating to the timing of distributions of interest thereon and (b) if such
Accrual Securities accrue interest at a variable or adjustable Pass-Through
Rate or interest rate, changes in such rate. See "Yield Considerations" herein
and, if applicable, in the related Prospectus Supplement.
LIMITED NATURE OF RATINGS
Any rating assigned by a Rating Agency to a class of Securities will reflect
such Rating Agency's assessment solely of the likelihood that holders of
Securities of such class will receive
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<PAGE>
payments to which such Securityholders are entitled under the related
Agreement. Such rating will not constitute an assessment of the likelihood
that principal prepayments (including those caused by defaults) on the related
Assets will be made, the degree to which the rate of such prepayments might
differ from that originally anticipated or the likelihood of early optional
termination or redemption of the series of Securities. Such rating will not
address the possibility that prepayment at higher or lower rates than
anticipated by an investor may cause such investor to experience a lower than
anticipated yield or that an investor purchasing a Security at a significant
premium might fail to recoup its initial investment under certain prepayment
scenarios. Each Prospectus Supplement will identify any payment to which
holders of Offered Securities of the related series are entitled that is not
covered by the applicable rating.
REAL ESTATE MARKET CONDITIONS AFFECT MORTGAGE LOAN PERFORMANCE
An investment in securities such as the Securities which represent interests
in Mortgage Loans may be affected generally by, among other things, a decline
in real estate values and changes in the mortgagors' financial condition. No
assurance can be given that values of the Mortgaged Properties have remained
or will remain at their levels on the dates of origination of the related
Mortgage Loans. If the residential real estate market should experience an
overall decline in property values such that the outstanding balances of the
Mortgage Loans, and any secondary financing on the Mortgaged Properties,
become equal to or greater than the value of the Mortgaged Properties, the
actual rates of delinquencies, foreclosures and losses could be higher than
those now generally experienced in the mortgage lending industry. In addition,
in the case of Mortgage Loans that are subject to negative amortization, due
to the addition to the principal balance of deferred interest, the principal
balances of such Mortgage Loans could be increased to an amount equal to or in
excess of the value of the underlying Mortgaged Properties, thereby increasing
the likelihood of default. To the extent that such losses are not covered by
the applicable Credit Support, if any, holders of Securities of the series
evidencing interests in the related Mortgage Loans will bear all risk of loss
resulting from default by mortgagors and will have to look primarily to the
value of the Mortgaged Properties for recovery of the outstanding principal
and unpaid interest on the defaulted Mortgage Loans.
VARIABLE PAYMENT PROVISIONS IN MORTAGE LOANS MAY INCREASE RATE OF DEFAULT
Certain of the types of Mortgage Loans may involve additional uncertainties
not present in traditional types of loans. For example, certain Mortgage Loans
provide for escalating or variable payments by the mortgagor under the
Mortgage Loan, as to which the mortgagor is generally qualified on the basis
of the initial payment amount. In some instances the mortgagors' income may
not be sufficient to enable them to continue to make their loan payments as
such payments increase and thus the likelihood of default will increase.
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION MAY INCREASE RATES OF LOSS AND DELINQUENCY
Certain geographic regions of the United States from time to time will
experience weaker regional economic conditions and housing markets, and,
consequently, will experience higher rates of loss and delinquency than will
be experienced on mortgage loans generally. The Mortgage Loans underlying
certain series of Securities may be concentrated in these regions, and such
concentration may present risk considerations in addition to those generally
present for similar mortgage-backed securities without such concentration.
Furthermore, the rate of default on Mortgage Loans that are refinance or
limited documentation mortgage loans, and on Mortgage Loans with high Loan-to-
Value Ratios, may be higher than for other types of Mortgage Loans.
Additionally, a decline in the value of the Mortgaged Properties will increase
the risk of loss particularly with respect to any related junior Mortgage
Loans. See "--Increased Risk of Losses on Foreclosure of Junior Mortgage
Loans."
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BALLOON PAYMENT ASSETS ARE MORE LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE LOSSES ON FORECLOSURE IF
OBLIGOR IS UNABLE TO REFINANCE OR SELL RELATED PROPERTY
Certain of the Mortgage Loans (the "BALLOON PAYMENT ASSETS") as of the Cut-
off Date may not be fully amortizing over their terms to maturity and, thus,
will require substantial principal payments (I.E., balloon payments) at their
stated maturity. Mortgage Loans with balloon payments involve a greater degree
of risk because the ability of an obligor to make a balloon payment typically
will depend upon its ability either to timely refinance the loan or to timely
sell the related property. The ability of a mortgagor to accomplish either of
these goals will be affected by a number of factors, including the level of
available mortgage interest rates at the time of sale or refinancing, the
obligor's equity in the related property, the financial condition of the
obligor, the value of the property, tax laws, prevailing general economic
conditions and the availability of credit for single family real properties
generally.
JUNIOR MORTGAGE LOANS ARE MORE LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE LOSSES ON FORECLOSURE
Certain of the Mortgage Loans may be secured by junior liens and the related
first and other senior liens, if any (collectively, the "SENIOR LIEN"), may
not be included in the Trust Fund. The primary risk to holders of Mortgage
Loans secured by junior liens is the possibility that adequate funds will not
be received in connection with a foreclosure of the related senior lien to
satisfy fully both the senior lien and the Mortgage Loan. In the event that a
holder of the senior lien forecloses on a Mortgaged Property, the proceeds of
the foreclosure or similar sale will be applied first to the payment of court
costs and fees in connection with the foreclosure, second to real estate
taxes, third in satisfaction of all principal, interest, prepayment or
acceleration penalties, if any, and any other sums due and owing to the holder
of the senior lien. The claims of the holder of the senior lien will be
satisfied in full out of proceeds of the liquidation of the Mortgaged
Property, if such proceeds are sufficient, before the Trust Fund as holder of
the junior lien receives any payments in respect of the Mortgage Loan. If a
Servicer were to foreclose on any Mortgaged Property, it would do so subject
to any related senior lien. In order for the debt related to the Mortgaged
Property to be paid in full at such sale, a bidder at the foreclosure sale of
such Mortgage Loan would have to bid an amount sufficient to pay off all sums
due under the Mortgage Loan and the senior lien or purchase the Mortgaged
Property subject to the senior lien. In the event that such proceeds from a
foreclosure or similar sale of the related Mortgaged Property were
insufficient to satisfy both loans in the aggregate, the Trust Fund, as the
holder of the junior lien, and, accordingly, holders of the related
Securities, would bear the risk of delay in distributions while a deficiency
judgment against the borrower was being obtained and the risk of loss if the
deficiency judgment were not realized upon. Moreover, deficiency judgments may
not be available in certain jurisdictions. In addition, a junior mortgagee may
not foreclose on the property securing a junior mortgage unless it forecloses
subject to the senior mortgage.
SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE LOANS MAY BE MORE LIKELY TO DEFAULT OR BE FORECLOSED
All or a portion of the Assets may consist of mortgage loans underwritten in
accordance with the underwriting for "SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE LOANS." A Sub-prime
Mortgage Loan is a mortgage loan that is ineligible for purchase by Fannie Mae
("FANNIE MAE") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FREDDIE MAC")
under their traditional mortgage loan purchase programs due to borrower credit
characteristics, property characteristics, loan documentation guidelines or
other credit characteristics that do not meet Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac
underwriting guidelines, including a loan made to a borrower whose
creditworthiness and repayment ability do not satisfy such Fannie Mae or
Freddie Mac underwriting guidelines and a borrower who may have a record of
major derogatory credit items such as default on a prior mortgage loan, credit
write-offs, outstanding judgments or prior bankruptcies. As a
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consequence, delinquencies and foreclosures can be expected to be more
prevalent with respect to Sub-prime Mortgage Loans than with respect to
mortgage loans originated in accordance with Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac
underwriting guidelines, and changes in the values of the Mortgaged Properties
may have a greater effect on the loss experience of Sub-prime Mortgage Loans
than on mortgage loans originated in accordance with Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac
underwriting guidelines.
POTENTIAL FOR LOSSES INCREASES IF ASSETS ARE DELINQUENT
A portion of the Assets may be delinquent upon the issuance of the related
Securities. Credit enhancement provided with respect to a particular series of
Securities may not cover all losses related thereto. Prospective investors
should consider the risk that the inclusion of such Assets in the Trust Fund
for a series may cause the rate of defaults and prepayments on the Assets to
increase and, in turn, may cause losses to exceed the available credit
enhancement for such series and affect the yield on the Securities of such
series.
EFFECTS OF FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS; OTHER LEGAL
CONSIDERATIONS
Applicable state laws generally regulate interest rates and other charges,
require certain disclosures, and may require licensing of the persons who
originated the Mortgage Loans (the "ORIGINATORS") and Servicers. In addition,
most states have other laws, public policy and general principles of equity
relating to the protection of consumers, unfair and deceptive practices and
practices which may apply to the origination, servicing and collection of the
Mortgage Loans. Depending on the provisions of the applicable law and the
specific facts and circumstances involved, violations of these laws, policies
and principles may limit the ability of a Servicer to collect all or part of
the principal of or interest on the Mortgage Loans, may entitle the borrower
to a refund of amounts previously paid and, in addition, could subject such
Servicer to damages and administrative sanctions. See "Certain Legal Aspects
of Mortgage Loans."
The Mortgage Loans may also be subject to federal laws, including: (i) the
Federal Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z promulgated thereunder, which
require certain disclosures to the borrowers regarding the terms of the
Mortgage Loans; (ii) the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and Regulation B
promulgated thereunder, which prohibit discrimination on the basis of age,
race, color, sex, religion, marital status, national origin, receipt of public
assistance or the exercise of any right under the Consumer Credit Protection
Act, in the extension of credit; (iii) the Fair Credit Reporting Act, which
regulates the use and reporting of information related to the borrower's
credit experience; and (iv) the National Housing Act of 1934 (the "HOUSING
ACT" ) with respect to Mortgage Loans insured thereunder.
The Mortgage Loans may be subject to the Home Ownership and Equity
Protection Act of 1994 (the "HOME OWNERSHIP ACT" ), which amended the Federal
Truth in Lending Act as it applies to mortgages subject to the Home Ownership
Act. The Home Ownership Act requires certain additional disclosures, specifies
the timing of such disclosures and limits or prohibits the inclusion of
certain provisions in mortgages subject to the Home Ownership Act. The Home
Ownership Act also provides that any purchaser or assignee of a mortgage
covered by the Home Ownership Act is subject to all of the claims and defenses
which the borrower could assert against the original lender. The maximum
damages that may be recovered in an action under the Home Ownership Act from
an assignee is the remaining amount of indebtedness plus the total amount paid
by the borrower in connection with the mortgage loan. Any Trust Fund for which
the Mortgage Loans include Mortgage Loans subject to the Home Ownership Act
would be subject to all of the claims and defenses that the borrower could
assert against the original lender. Any violation of the Home Ownership Act
that would result in such liability would be a breach of the applicable
Warranting Party's representations and warranties, and the Warranting Party
would be obligated to cure, repurchase or, if permitted by the related
Agreement, substitute for the Mortgage Loan in question.
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CREDIT SUPPORT IS LIMITED IN AMOUNT AND COVERAGE
The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will describe any
Credit Support in the related Trust Fund, which may include letters of credit,
insurance policies, guarantees, reserve funds or other types of credit
support, or combinations thereof. Use of Credit Support will be subject to the
conditions and limitations described herein and in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Moreover, such Credit Support may not cover all potential losses
or risks; for example, Credit Support may or may not cover fraud or negligence
by a mortgage loan or contract originator or other parties.
A series of Securities may include one or more classes of Subordinate
Securities (which may include Offered Securities), if so provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Although subordination is intended to reduce
the risk to holders of Senior Securities of delinquent distributions or
ultimate losses, the amount of subordination will be limited and may decline
under certain circumstances. In addition, if principal payments on one or more
classes of Securities of a series are made in a specified order of priority,
any limits with respect to the aggregate amount of claims under any related
Credit Support may be exhausted before the principal of the lower priority
classes of Securities of such series has been repaid. As a result, the impact
of significant losses and shortfalls on the Assets may fall primarily upon
those classes of Securities having a lower priority of payment. Moreover, if a
form of Credit Support covers more than one series of Securities (each, a
"COVERED TRUST"), holders of Securities evidencing an interest in a Covered
Trust will be subject to the risk that such Credit Support will be exhausted
by the claims of other Covered Trusts.
The amount of any applicable Credit Support supporting one or more classes
of Offered Securities, including the subordination of one or more classes of
Securities, will be determined on the basis of criteria established by each
Rating Agency rating such classes of Securities based on an assumed level of
defaults, delinquencies, other losses or other factors. There can, however, be
no assurance that the loss experience on the related Assets will not exceed
such assumed levels. See "--Limited Nature of Ratings," "Description of the
Securities" and "Description of Credit Support."
Regardless of the form of credit enhancement provided, the amount of
coverage will be limited in amount and in most cases will be subject to
periodic reduction in accordance with a schedule or formula. The Servicer or
the Master Servicer will generally be permitted to reduce, terminate or
substitute all or a portion of the credit enhancement for any series of
Securities, if the applicable Rating Agency indicates that the then-current
rating thereof will not be adversely affected.
LOWERING OF RATING ON SECURITIES MAY DECREASE VALUE AND LIQUIDITY
The rating of any series of Securities by any applicable Rating Agency may
be lowered following the initial issuance thereof as a result of the
downgrading of the obligations of any applicable Credit Support provider, or
as a result of losses on the related Assets substantially in excess of the
levels contemplated by such Rating Agency at the time of its initial rating
analysis. The lowering of a rating on a series or class of Securities may
adversely affect the market value of such Securities and the liquidity of such
Securities. None of the Depositor, any Master Servicer, any Servicer or any of
their affiliates will have any obligation to replace or supplement any Credit
Support or to take any other action to maintain any rating of any series of
Securities.
SUBORDINATED SECURITIES BEAR RISK OF LOSS BEFORE MORE SENIOR SECURITIES
The rights of Subordinate Securityholders to receive distributions to which
they would otherwise be entitled with respect to the Assets will be
subordinate to the rights of the Servicer
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(to the extent of its servicing fee, including any unpaid servicing fees with
respect to one or more prior Due Periods, and is reimbursed for certain
unreimbursed advances and unreimbursed liquidation expenses), any Master
Servicer (to the extent of its master servicing fee, including any unpaid
master servicing fee with respect to one or more prior Due Periods, and is
reimbursed for certain unreimbursed advances) and the Senior Securityholders
to the extent described in the related Prospectus Supplement. As a result of
the foregoing, investors must be prepared to bear the risk that they may be
subject to delays in payment and may not recover their initial investments in
the Subordinate Securities. See "Description of the Securities--General" and
"--Allocation of Losses and Shortfalls."
The yields on the Subordinate Securities may be extremely sensitive to the
loss experience of the Assets and the timing of any such losses. If the actual
rate and amount of losses experienced by the Assets exceed the rate and amount
of such losses assumed by an investor, the yields to maturity on the
Subordinate Securities may be lower than anticipated.
RESIDUAL SECURITIES MAY HAVE ADVERSE TAX ATTRIBUTES
Holders of Residual Securities will be required to report on their federal
income tax returns as ordinary income their pro rata share of the taxable
income of the related REMIC, regardless of the amount or timing of their
receipt of cash payments, as described in "Federal Income Tax Consequences--
REMICs." Accordingly, under certain circumstances, holders of Offered
Securities that constitute Residual Securities may have taxable income and tax
liabilities arising from such investment during a taxable year in excess of
the cash received during such period. Individual holders of Residual
Securities may be limited in their ability to deduct servicing fees and other
expenses of the REMIC. In addition, Residual Securities are subject to certain
restrictions on transfer. Because of the special tax treatment of Residual
Securities, the taxable income arising in a given year on a Residual Security
will not be equal to the taxable income associated with investment in a
corporate bond or stripped instrument having similar cash flow characteristics
and pre-tax yield. Therefore, the after-tax yield on the Residual Securities
may be significantly less than that of a corporate bond or stripped instrument
having similar cash flow characteristics. Additionally, prospective purchasers
of Residual Securities should be aware that applicable regulations prevent the
ability to mark-to-market REMIC residual interests. See "Federal Income Tax
Consequences--REMICs."
OWNERS OF BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES NOT ENTITLED TO EXERCISE RIGHTS OF HOLDERS OF
SECURITIES
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement, one or more classes of the
Offered Securities will be initially represented by one or more certificates
or notes registered in the name of Cede, the nominee for DTC, and will not be
registered in the names of the Security Owners or their nominees. Because of
this, unless and until Securities are issued in fully registered, certificated
form ("DEFINITIVE SECURITIES" ), Security Owners will not be recognized by the
Trustee as "SECURITYHOLDERS" (as that term is to be used in the related
Agreement). Hence, until such time, Security Owners will be able to exercise
the rights of Securityholders only indirectly through DTC and its
participating organizations. See "Description of the Securities--Book-Entry
Registration and Definitive Securities."
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS ARE SUBJECT TO COUNTERPARTY RISK
The assets of a Trust Fund may, if specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, include financial instruments such as interest rate swap, cap,
floor or similar agreements (each, a "FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT"), which will
require the provider of such instrument (the "COUNTERPARTY") to make payments
to the Trust Fund under the circumstances described in the Prospectus
Supplement. To the extent that payments on the Securities of the related
series depend in part on payments to be received under a Financial Instrument,
the ability of the Trust Fund to make payments on the Securities will be
subject to the credit risk of the Counterparty. The Prospectus Supplement for
a series of Securities will describe any mechanism, such as the payment of
"breakage fees", which may exist to facilitate replacement of a Financial
Instrument upon the default or credit impairment of the related Counterparty.
However, there can be no assurance that any such mechanism will result in the
ability of the Servicer to obtain a replacement Financial Instrument.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST FUNDS
ASSETS
The primary assets of each Trust Fund (the "ASSETS" ) will include (i)
single family mortgage loans (or certain balances thereof) (the "MORTGAGE
LOANS" ), including without limitation, Home Equity Loans and Land Sale
Contracts, (ii) any combination of "fully modified pass-through" mortgage-
backed certificates ("GINNIE MAE CERTIFICATES" ) guaranteed by the Government
National Mortgage Association ("GINNIE MAE" ), guaranteed mortgage pass-
through securities ("FANNIE MAE CERTIFICATES" ) issued by Fannie Mae and
mortgage participation certificates ("FREDDIE MAC CERTIFICATES" ) issued by
Freddie Mac (collectively, "AGENCY SECURITIES" ), (iii) previously issued
asset-backed certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations or
participation certificates (each, and collectively, "MORTGAGE SECURITIES" )
evidencing interests in, or collateralized by, Mortgage Loans or Agency
Securities or (iv) a combination of Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities and/or
Mortgage Securities. The Mortgage Loans will not be guaranteed or insured by
ACE Securities Corp. (the "DEPOSITOR" ) or any of its affiliates. The Mortgage
Loans will be guaranteed or insured by a governmental agency or
instrumentality or other person only if and to the extent expressly provided
in the related Prospectus Supplement. Each Asset will be selected by the
Depositor for inclusion in a Trust Fund from among those purchased, either
directly or indirectly, from a prior holder thereof (an "ASSET SELLER" ),
which may be an affiliate of the Depositor and which prior holder may or may
not be the originator of such Mortgage Loan.
The Assets included in the Trust Fund for a series may be subject to various
types of payment provisions. Such Assets may consist of (1) "LEVEL PAYMENT
ASSETS," which may provide for the payment of interest and full repayment of
principal in level monthly payments with a fixed rate of interest computed on
their declining principal balances; (2) "ADJUSTABLE RATE ASSETS," which may
provide for periodic adjustments to their rates of interest to equal the sum
(which may be rounded) of a fixed margin and an index; (3) "BUY DOWN ASSETS,"
which are Assets for which funds have been provided by someone other than the
related Obligors to reduce the Obligors' monthly payments during the early
period after origination of such Assets; (4) "INCREASING PAYMENT ASSETS," as
described below; (5) "INTEREST REDUCTION ASSETS," which provide for the one-
time reduction of the interest rate payable thereon; (6) "GEM ASSETS," which
provide for (a) monthly payments during the first year after origination that
are at least sufficient to pay interest due thereon, and (b) an increase in
such monthly payments in subsequent years at a predetermined rate resulting in
full repayment over a shorter term than the initial amortization terms of such
Assets; (7) "GPM ASSETS," which allow for payments during a portion of their
terms which are or may be less than the amount of interest due on the unpaid
principal balances thereof, and which unpaid interest will be added to the
principal balances of such Assets and will be paid, together with interest
thereon, in later years; (8) "STEP-UP RATE ASSETS" which provide for interest
rates that increase over time; (9) "BALLOON PAYMENT ASSETS;" (10) "CONVERTIBLE
ASSETS" which are Adjustable Rate Assets subject to provisions pursuant to
which, subject to certain limitations, the related Obligors may exercise an
option to convert the adjustable interest rate to a fixed interest rate; and
(11) "BI-WEEKLY ASSETS," which provide for Obligor payments to be made on a
bi-weekly basis.
An Increasing Payment Asset is an Asset that provides for monthly payments
that are fixed for an initial period to be specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement and which increase thereafter (at a predetermined rate expressed as
a percentage of the monthly payment during the preceding payment period,
subject to any caps on the amount of any single monthly payment increase) for
a period to be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement from the date of
origination, after which the monthly payment is fixed at a level- payment
amount so as to fully amortize the Asset over its remaining term to maturity.
The scheduled monthly payment with respect to an Increasing Payment Asset is
the total amount required to be paid each month in accordance with its terms
and equals the sum of (1) the Obligor's monthly payments referred to in the
preceding sentence and (2) in the case of certain Increasing Payment Assets,
payments made by the respective Servicers pursuant to buy-down or subsidy
agreements. The Obligor's
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initial monthly payments for each Increasing Payment Asset are set at the
level-payment amount that would apply to an otherwise identical Level Payment
Asset having an interest rate a certain number of percentage points below the
Asset Rate of such Increasing Payment Asset. The Obligor's Monthly Payments on
each Increasing Payment Asset, together with any payments made thereon by the
related Servicers pursuant to buy-down or subsidy agreements, will in all
cases be sufficient to allow payment of accrued interest on such Increasing
Payment Asset at the related interest rate, without negative amortization. An
Obligor's monthly payments on such an Asset may, however, not be sufficient to
result in any reduction of the principal balance of such Asset until after the
period when such payments may be increased.
The Securities will be entitled to payment only from the assets of the
related Trust Fund and will not be entitled to payments in respect of the
assets of any other trust fund established by the Depositor. If specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the assets of a Trust Fund will consist of
certificates representing beneficial ownership interests in, or indebtedness
of, another trust fund that contains the Assets.
MORTGAGE LOANS
General
Each Mortgage Loan will generally be secured by a lien on (i) a one- to
four-family residential property or a security interest in shares issued by a
cooperative housing corporation (a "SINGLE FAMILY PROPERTY" and the related
Mortgage Loan a "SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE LOAN" ) Single Family Properties are
sometimes referred to herein as "MORTGAGED PROPERTIES." To the extent
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage Loans will be
secured by first and/or junior mortgages or deeds of trust or other similar
security instruments creating a first or junior lien on Mortgaged Property.
The Mortgaged Properties may include apartments owned by cooperative housing
corporations ("COOPERATIVES" ). The Mortgaged Properties may include leasehold
interests in properties, the title to which is held by third party lessors.
The term of any such leasehold shall exceed the term of the related mortgage
note by at least five years or such other time period specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The Mortgage Loans may include closed-end and/or
revolving home equity loans or certain balances thereof ("HOME EQUITY
LOANS" ). In addition, the Mortgage Loans may include certain Mortgage Loans
evidenced by contracts ("LAND SALE CONTRACTS" ) for the sale of properties
pursuant to which the mortgagor promises to pay the amount due thereon to the
holder thereof with fee title to the related property held by such holder
until the mortgagor has made all of the payments required pursuant to such
Land Sale Contract, at which time fee title is conveyed to the mortgagor. The
Originator of each Mortgage Loan will have been a person other than the
Depositor. The related Prospectus Supplement will indicate if any Originator
is an affiliate of the Depositor. The Mortgage Loans will be evidenced by
promissory notes (the "MORTGAGE NOTES" ) secured by mortgages, deeds of trust
or other security instruments (the "MORTGAGES" ) creating a lien on the
Mortgaged Properties. The Mortgaged Properties will be located in any one of
the fifty states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico or any other
territory of the United States. If so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, Mortgage Loans may include loans insured by the FHA ("FHA LOANS" )
or partially guaranteed by the VA ("VA LOANS"). See "--FHA Loans and VA
Loans." below.
Loan-to-Value Ratio
The "LOAN-TO-VALUE RATIO" of a Mortgage Loan at any given time is the ratio
(expressed as a percentage) of the then outstanding principal balance of the
Mortgage Loan to the Value of the related Mortgaged Property. The "VALUE" of a
Mortgaged Property, other than with respect to Refinance Loans, is generally
the lesser of (a) the appraised value determined in an appraisal obtained by
the originator at origination of such loan and (b) the sales price for such
property. "REFINANCE LOANS" are loans made to refinance existing loans. Unless
otherwise set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Value of the
Mortgaged Property securing a Refinance Loan is the appraised value thereof
determined in an appraisal obtained at the time of origination of
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the Refinance Loan. The value of a Mortgaged Property as of the date of
initial issuance of the related series of Securities may be less than the
Value at origination and will fluctuate from time to time based upon changes
in economic conditions and the real estate market.
Mortgage Loan Information in Prospectus Supplements
Each Prospectus Supplement will contain information, as of the dates
specified in such Prospectus Supplement and to the extent then applicable and
specifically known to the Depositor, with respect to the Mortgage Loans,
including (i) the aggregate outstanding principal balance and the largest,
smallest and average outstanding principal balance of the Mortgage Loans as of
the applicable Cut-off Date, (ii) the type of property securing the Mortgage
Loans, (iii) the weighted average (by principal balance) of the original and
remaining terms to maturity of the Mortgage Loans, (iv) the earliest and
latest origination date and maturity date of the Mortgage Loans, (v) the range
of the Loan-to-Value Ratios at origination of the Mortgage Loans, (vi) the
Mortgage Rates or range of Mortgage Rates and the weighted average Mortgage
Rate borne by the Mortgage Loans, (vii) the state or states in which most of
the Mortgaged Properties are located, (viii) information with respect to the
prepayment provisions, if any, of the Mortgage Loans, (ix) with respect to
Mortgage Loans with adjustable Mortgage Rates ("ARM LOANS" ), the index, the
frequency of the adjustment dates, the range of margins added to the index,
and the maximum Mortgage Rate or monthly payment variation at the time of any
adjustment thereof and over the life of the ARM Loan, (x) information
regarding the payment characteristics of the Mortgage Loans, including without
limitation balloon payment and other amortization provisions, (xi) the number
of Mortgage Loans that are delinquent and the number of days or ranges of the
number of days such Mortgage Loans are delinquent and (xii) the material
underwriting standards used for the Mortgage Loans. If specific information
respecting the Mortgage Loans is not known to the Depositor at the time
Securities are initially offered, more general information of the nature
described above will be provided in the Prospectus Supplement, and specific
information will be set forth in a report which will be available to
purchasers of the related Securities at or before the initial issuance thereof
and will be filed as part of a Current Report on Form 8-K with the Securities
and Exchange Commission within fifteen days after such initial issuance.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the characteristics of the Mortgage Loans
included in a Trust Fund will not vary by more than five percent (by aggregate
principal balance as of the Cut-off Date) from the characteristics thereof
that are described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The related Prospectus Supplement will specify whether the Mortgage Loans
include Home Equity Loans, which may be secured by Mortgages that are junior
to other liens on the related Mortgaged Property. In addition, the related
Prospectus Supplement will specify whether the Mortgage Loans contain certain
Mortgage Loans evidenced by Land Sale Contracts.
Payment Provisions of the Mortgage Loans
All of the Mortgage Loans will provide for payments of principal, interest
or both, on due dates that occur monthly, quarterly or semi-annually or at
such other interval as is specified in the related Prospectus Supplement or
for payments in another manner described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Each Mortgage Loan may provide for no accrual of interest or for accrual of
interest thereon at an interest rate (a "MORTGAGE RATE") that is fixed over
its term or that adjusts from time to time, or that may be converted from an
adjustable to a fixed Mortgage Rate or a different adjustable Mortgage Rate,
or from a fixed to an adjustable Mortgage Rate, from time to time pursuant to
an election or as otherwise specified on the related Mortgage Note, in each
case as described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan may
provide for scheduled payments to maturity or payments that adjust from time
to time to accommodate changes in the Mortgage Rate or to reflect the
occurrence of certain events or
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that adjust on the basis of other methodologies, and may provide for negative
amortization or accelerated amortization, in each case as described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan may be fully amortizing or
require a balloon payment due on its stated maturity date, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Each Mortgage Loan may contain
prohibitions on prepayment (a "LOCK-OUT PERIOD" and, the date of expiration
thereof, a "LOCK-OUT DATE") or require payment of a premium or a yield
maintenance penalty (a "PREPAYMENT PREMIUM") in connection with a prepayment,
in each case as described in the related Prospectus Supplement. In the event
that holders of any class or classes of Offered Securities will be entitled to
all or a portion of any Prepayment Premiums collected in respect of Mortgage
Loans, the related Prospectus Supplement will specify the method or methods by
which any such amounts will be allocated. See "--The Assets" above.
Revolving Credit Line Loans
As more fully described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Mortgage
Loans may consist, in whole or in part, of revolving Home Equity Loans or
certain balances thereof ("REVOLVING CREDIT LINE LOANS"). Interest on each
Revolving Credit Line Loan, excluding introductory rates offered from time to
time during promotional periods, may be computed and payable monthly on the
average daily outstanding principal balance of such loan. From time to time
prior to the expiration of the related draw period specified in a Revolving
Credit Line Loan, principal amounts on such Revolving Credit Line Loan may be
drawn down (up to a maximum amount as set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement) or repaid. If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, new
draws by borrowers under the Revolving Credit Line Loans will automatically
become part of the Trust Fund described in such Prospectus Supplement. As a
result, the aggregate balance of the Revolving Credit Line Loans will
fluctuate from day to day as new draws by borrowers are added to the Trust
Fund and principal payments are applied to such balances and such amounts will
usually differ each day, as more specifically described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Under certain circumstances, under a Revolving Credit
Line Loan, a borrower may, during the related draw period, choose an interest
only payment option, during which the borrower is obligated to pay only the
amount of interest which accrues on the loan during the billing cycle, and may
also elect to pay all or a portion of the principal. An interest only payment
option may terminate at the end of the related draw period, after which the
borrower must begin paying at least a minimum monthly portion of the average
outstanding principal balance of the loan.
AGENCY SECURITIES
The Agency Securities will consist of any combination of Ginnie Mae
Certificates, Fannie Mae Certificates and Freddie Mac Certificates, which may
include Stripped Agency Securities, as described below.
Ginnie Mae
Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned corporate instrumentality of the United States
within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Section 306(g) of
Title III of the Housing Act authorizes Ginnie Mae to guarantee the timely
payment of the principal of and interest on certificates that are based on and
backed by a pool of FHA Loans, VA Loans or by pools of other eligible
residential loans.
Section 306(g) of the Housing Act provides that "the full faith and credit
of the United States is pledged to the payment of all amounts which may be
required to be paid under any guaranty under this subsection." In order to
meet its obligations under such guaranty, Ginnie Mae is
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authorized, under Section 306(d) of the Housing Act, to borrow from the United
States Treasury with no limitations as to amount, to perform its obligations
under its guarantee.
Ginnie Mae Certificates
Each Ginnie Mae Certificate will be a "fully modified pass-through"
mortgage-backed certificate issued and serviced by an issuer approved by
Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae as a seller-servicer of FHA Loans or VA Loans, except
as described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities (as defined
below). The loans underlying Ginnie Mae Certificates may consist of FHA Loans,
VA Loans and other loans eligible for inclusion in loan pools underlying
Ginnie Mae Certificates. Ginnie Mae Certificates may be issued under either or
both of the Ginnie Mae I program and the Ginnie Mae II program, as described
in the related Prospectus Supplement. The Prospectus Supplement for
Certificates of each Series evidencing interests in a Trust Fund including
Ginnie Mae Certificates will set forth additional information regarding the
Ginnie Mae guaranty program, the characteristics of the pool underlying such
Ginnie Mae Certificates, the servicing of the related pool, the payment of
principal and interest on Ginnie Mae Certificates to the extent not described
herein and other relevant matters with respect to the Ginnie Mae Certificates.
Except as otherwise specified in the related Prospectus Supplement or as
described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities, each Ginnie Mae
Certificate will provide for the payment, by or on behalf of the issuer, to
the registered holder of such Ginnie Mae Certificate of monthly payments of
principal and interest equal to the holder's proportionate interest in the
aggregate amount of the monthly principal and interest payments on each
related FHA Loan or VA Loan, less servicing and guaranty fees aggregating the
excess of the interest on such FHA Loan or VA Loan over the Ginnie Mae
Certificates pass-through rate. In addition, each payment to a holder of a
Ginnie Mae Certificate will include proportionate pass-through payments to
such holder of any prepayments of principal of the FHA Loans or VA Loans
underlying the Ginnie Mae Certificate and the holder's proportionate interest
in the remaining principal balance in the event of a foreclosure or other
disposition of any such FHA Loan or VA Loan.
The Ginnie Mae Certificates do not constitute a liability of, or evidence
any recourse against, the issuer of the Ginnie Mae Certificates, the Depositor
or any affiliates thereof, and the only recourse of a registered holder, such
as the Trustee, is to enforce the guaranty of Ginnie Mae.
Ginnie Mae will have approved the issuance of each of the Ginnie Mae
Certificates included in a Trust Fund in accordance with a guaranty agreement
or contract between Ginnie Mae and the issuer of such Ginnie Mae Certificates.
Pursuant to such agreement, such issuer, in its capacity as servicer, is
required to perform customary functions of a servicer of FHA Loans and VA
Loans, including collecting payments from borrowers and remitting such
collections to the registered holder, maintaining escrow and impoundment
accounts of borrowers for payments of taxes, insurance and other items
required to be paid by the borrower, maintaining primary hazard insurance, and
advancing from its own funds in order to make timely payments of all amounts
due on the Ginnie Mae Certificate, even if the payments received by such
issuer on the loans backing the Ginnie Mae Certificate are less than the
amounts due thereon. If the issuer is unable to make payments on a Ginnie Mae
Certificate as they become due, it must promptly notify Ginnie Mae and request
Ginnie Mae to make such payment. Upon such notification and request, Ginnie
Mae will make such payments directly to the registered holder of the Ginnie
Mae Certificate. In the event no payment is made by the issuer and the issuer
fails to notify and request Ginnie Mae to make such payment, the registered
holder of the Ginnie Mae Certificate has recourse against only Ginnie Mae to
obtain such payment. The Trustee or its nominee, as registered holder of the
Ginnie Mae Certificates included in a Trust Fund, is entitled to proceed
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directly against Ginnie Mae under the terms of the guaranty agreement or
contract relating to such Ginnie Mae Certificates for any amounts that are not
paid when due under each Ginnie Mae Certificate.
The Ginnie Mae Certificates included in a Trust Fund may have other
characteristics and terms, different from those described above so long as
such Ginnie Mae Certificates and underlying residential loans meet the
criteria of the Rating Agency or Agencies. Such Ginnie Mae Certificates and
underlying residential loans will be described in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Fannie Mae
Fannie Mae is a federally chartered and stockholder-owned corporation
organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter
Act, as amended (the "CHARTER ACT"). Fannie Mae was originally established in
1938 as a United States government agency to provide supplemental liquidity to
the mortgage market and was transformed into a stockholder-owned and privately
managed corporation by legislation enacted in 1968.
Fannie Mae provides funds to the mortgage market by purchasing mortgage
loans from lenders. Fannie Mae acquires funds to purchase loans from many
capital market investors, thereby expanding the total amount of funds
available for housing. Operating nationwide, Fannie Mae helps to redistribute
mortgage funds from capital-surplus to capital-short areas. In addition,
Fannie Mae issues mortgage-backed securities primarily in exchange for pools
of mortgage loans from lenders. Fannie Mae receives fees for its guaranty of
timely payment of principal and interest on its mortgage-backed securities.
Fannie Mae Certificates
Fannie Mae Certificates are Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates
typically issued pursuant to a prospectus which is periodically revised by
Fannie Mae. Fannie Mae Certificates represent fractional undivided interests
in a pool of mortgage loans formed by Fannie Mae. Each mortgage loan must meet
the applicable standards of the Fannie Mae purchase program. Mortgage loans
comprising a pool are either provided by Fannie Mae from its own portfolio or
purchased pursuant to the criteria of the Fannie Mae purchase program.
Mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae Certificates included in a Trust Fund
will consist of conventional mortgage loans, FHA Loans or VA Loans. The
Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing interests in a
Trust Fund including Fannie Mae Certificates will set forth additional
information regarding the Fannie Mae program, the characteristics of the pool
underlying such Fannie Mae Certificates, the servicing of the related pool,
payment of principal and interest on the Fannie Mae Certificates to the extent
not described herein and other relevant matters with respect to the Fannie Mae
Certificates.
Except as described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities, Fannie
Mae guarantees to each registered holder of a Fannie Mae Certificate that it
will distribute amounts representing such holder's proportionate share of
scheduled principal and interest at the applicable pass-through rate provided
for by such Fannie Mae Certificate on the underlying mortgage loans, whether
or not received, and such holder's proportionate share of the full principal
amount of any prepayment or foreclosed or other finally liquidated mortgage
loan, whether or not such principal amount is actually recovered.
The obligations of Fannie Mae under its guarantees are obligations solely of
Fannie Mae and are not backed by, nor entitled to, the full faith and credit
of the United States. If Fannie Mae were unable to satisfy such obligations,
distributions to the holders of Fannie Mae
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Certificates would consist solely of payments and other recoveries on the
underlying loans and, accordingly, monthly distributions to the holders of
Fannie Mae Certificates would be affected by delinquent payments and defaults
on such loans.
Fannie Mae Certificates evidencing interests in pools of mortgage loans
formed on or after May 1, 1985 (other than Fannie Mae Certificates backed by
pools containing graduated payment mortgage loans or multifamily loans) are
available in book-entry form only. With respect to a Fannie Mae Certificate
issued in book-entry form, distributions thereon will be made by wire, and
with respect to a fully registered Fannie Mae Certificate, distributions
thereon will be made by check.
The Fannie Mae Certificates included in a Trust Fund may have other
characteristics and terms, different from those described above, so long as
such Fannie Mae Certificates and underlying mortgage loans meet the criteria
of the Rating Agency or Rating Agencies rating the Certificates of such
Series. Such Fannie Mae Certificates and underlying mortgage loans will be
described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Freddie Mac
Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States created
pursuant to Title III of the Emergency Home Finance Act of 1970, as amended
(the "FREDDIE MAC ACT"). Freddie Mac was established primarily for the purpose
of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for the financing of needed
housing. It seeks to provide an enhanced degree of liquidity for residential
mortgage investments primarily by assisting in the development of secondary
markets for conventional mortgages. The principal activity of Freddie Mac
currently consists of the purchase of first lien, conventional residential
mortgage loans or participation interests in such mortgage loans and the
resale of the mortgage loans so purchased in the form of mortgage securities,
primarily Freddie Mac Certificates. Freddie Mac is confined to purchasing, so
far as practicable, mortgage loans and participation interests therein which
it deems to be of such quality, type and class as to meet generally the
purchase standards imposed by private institutional mortgage investors.
Freddie Mac Certificates
Each Freddie Mac Certificate represents an undivided interest in a pool of
residential loans that may consist of first lien conventional residential
loans, FHA Loans or VA Loans (the "FREDDIE MAC CERTIFICATE GROUP"). Each such
mortgage loan must meet the applicable standards set forth in the Freddie Mac
Act. A Freddie Mac Certificate Group may include whole loans, participation
interests in whole loans and undivided interests in whole loans and/or
participations comprising another Freddie Mac Certificate Group. The
Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing interests in a
Trust Fund including Freddie Mac Certificates will set forth additional
information regarding the Freddie Mac guaranty program, the characteristics of
the pool underlying such Freddie Mac Certificate, the servicing of the related
pool, payment of principal and interest on the Freddie Mac Certificate to the
extent not described herein and other relevant matters with respect to the
Freddie Mac Certificates.
Except as described below with respect to Stripped Agency Securities,
Freddie Mac guarantees to each registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate
the timely payment of interest on the underlying mortgage loans to the extent
of the applicable pass-through rate on the registered holder's pro rata share
of the unpaid principal balance outstanding on the underlying mortgage loans
in the Freddie Mac Certificate Group represented by such Freddie Mac
Certificate, whether or not received. Freddie Mac also guarantees to each
registered holder of a Freddie Mac Certificate collection by such holder of
all principal on the underlying mortgage
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loans, without any offset or deduction, to the extent of such holder's pro
rata share thereof, but does not, except if and to the extent specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, guarantee the timely payment of scheduled
principal. Pursuant to its guarantees, Freddie Mac also guarantees ultimate
collection of scheduled principal payments, prepayments of principal and the
remaining principal balance in the event of a foreclosure or other disposition
of a mortgage loan. Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its
guarantee of collection of principal at any time after default on an
underlying mortgage loan, but not later than 30 days following the latest of
(i) foreclosure sale, (ii) payment of the claim by any mortgage insurer and
(iii) the expiration of any right of redemption, but in any event no later
than one year after demand has been made upon the mortgagor for accelerated
payment of principal. In taking actions regarding the collection of principal
after default on the mortgage loans underlying Freddie Mac Certificates,
including the timing of demand for acceleration, Freddie Mac reserves the
right to exercise its servicing judgment with respect to the mortgage loans in
the same manner as for mortgage loans which it has purchased but not sold. The
length of time necessary for Freddie Mac to determine that a mortgage loan
should be accelerated varies with the particular circumstances of each
mortgagor, and Freddie Mac has not adopted servicing standards that require
that the demand be made within any specified period.
Freddie Mac Certificates are not guaranteed by the United States or by any
Federal Home Loan Bank and do not constitute debts or obligations of the
United States or any Federal Home Loan Bank. The obligations of Freddie Mac
under its guarantee are obligations solely of Freddie Mac and are not backed
by, nor entitled to, the full faith and credit of the United States. If
Freddie Mac were unable to satisfy such obligations, distributions to holders
of Freddie Mac Certificates would consist solely of payments and other
recoveries on the underlying mortgage loans and, accordingly, monthly
distributions to holders of Freddie Mac Certificates would be affected by
delinquent payments and defaults on such Mortgage Loans.
The Freddie Mac Certificates included in a Trust Fund may have other
characteristics and terms, different from those described above, so long as
such Freddie Mac Certificates and underlying mortgage loans meet the criteria
of the Rating Agency or Rating Agencies rating the Securities of such Series.
Such Freddie Mac Certificates and underlying mortgage loans will be described
in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Stripped Agency Securities
The Ginnie Mae Certificates, Fannie Mae Certificates or Freddie Mac
Certificates may be issued in the form of certificates ("STRIPPED AGENCY
SECURITIES") which represent an undivided interest in all or part of either
the principal distributions (but not the interest distributions) or the
interest distributions (but not the principal distributions), or in some
specified portion of the principal or interest distributions (but not all of
such distributions), on an underlying pool of mortgage loans or certain other
Ginnie Mae Certificates, Fannie Mae Certificates or Freddie Mac Certificates.
Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, as applicable, will guarantee each
Stripped Agency Security to the same extent as such entity guarantees the
underlying securities backing such Stripped Agency Securities or to the extent
described above with respect to a Stripped Agency Security backed by a pool of
mortgage loans, unless otherwise specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing
interests in a Trust Fund including Stripped Agency Securities will set forth
additional information regarding the characteristics of the assets underlying
such Stripped Agency Securities, the payments of principal and interest on the
Stripped Agency Securities and other relevant matters with respect to the
Stripped Agency Securities.
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MORTGAGE SECURITIES
The Mortgage Securities will represent beneficial interests in loans of the
type that would otherwise be eligible to be Mortgage Loans or Agency
Securities, or collateralized obligations secured by Mortgage Loans or Agency
Securities. The Mortgage Securities (i) will have been issued by an entity
other than the Depositor or its affiliates, (ii) will have been acquired in
bona fide secondary market transactions from persons other than the issuer
thereof or its affiliates and (iii) will have been (a) offered and distributed
to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement or (b) purchased
in a transaction not involving any public offering from a person who is not an
affiliate of the issuer of such securities at the time of sale (nor an
affiliate thereof at any time during the preceding three months); provided a
period of two years elapsed since the later of the date the securities were
acquired from the issuer. Although individual Underlying Loans may be insured
or guaranteed by the United States or an agency or instrumentality thereof,
they need not be, and Mortgage Securities themselves will not be so insured or
guaranteed. Except as otherwise set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement, Mortgage Securities will generally be similar to Securities
offered hereunder.
The Prospectus Supplement for Securities of each series evidencing interests
in a Trust Fund including Mortgage Securities will include a description of
such Mortgage Securities and any related credit enhancement, and the related
Mortgage Loans or Agency Securities will be described together with any other
Mortgage Loans or Agency Securities included in the Trust Fund relating to
such series. As to any such series of Securities, as used herein the term
"Mortgage Loans" includes the Mortgage Loans underlying such Mortgage
Securities. References herein to advances to be made and other actions to be
taken by the Master Servicer in connection with the Assets may include such
advances made and other actions taken pursuant to the terms of such Mortgage
Securities.
FHA LOANS AND VA LOANS
FHA Loans will be insured by the FHA as authorized under the Housing Act,
and the United States Housing Act of 1937, as amended. One- to four-family FHA
Loans will be insured under various FHA programs including the standard FHA
203-b programs to finance the acquisition of one- to four-family housing units
and the FHA 245 graduated payment mortgage program. Such FHA Loans generally
require a minimum down payment of approximately 5% of the original principal
amount of the FHA Loan. No FHA Loan may have an interest rate or original
principal balance exceeding the applicable FHA limits at the time of
origination of such FHA Loan.
Mortgage Loans that are FHA Loans are insured by the FHA (as described in
the related Prospectus Supplement, up to an amount equal to 90% of the sum of
the unpaid principal of the FHA Loan, a portion of the unpaid interest and
certain other liquidation costs) pursuant to Title I of the Housing Act.
VA Loans will be partially guaranteed by the VA under the Servicemen's
Readjustment Act of 1944, as amended (the "SERVICEMEN'S READJUSTMENT ACT").
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act permits a veteran (or in certain instances
the spouse of a veteran) to obtain a mortgage loan guarantee by the VA
covering mortgage financing of the purchase of a one- to four-family dwelling
unit at interest rates permitted by the VA. The program has no mortgage loan
limits, requires no down payment from the purchasers and permits the guarantee
of mortgage loans of up to 30 years' duration. However, no VA Loan will have
an original principal amount greater than five times the partial VA guarantee
for such VA Loan. The maximum guarantee that may be issued by the VA under
this program will be set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
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PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT
To the extent provided in a Prospectus Supplement, a portion of the proceeds
of the issuance of Securities may be deposited into an account maintained with
the Trustee (a "PRE-FUNDING ACCOUNT"). In such event, the Depositor will be
obligated (subject only to the availability thereof) to sell at a
predetermined price, and the Trust Fund for the related series of Securities
will be obligated to purchase (subject to the availability thereof),
additional Assets (the "SUBSEQUENT ASSETS") from time to time (as frequently
as daily) within the period (not to exceed three months) specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement (the "PRE-FUNDING PERIOD") after the issuance of
such series of Securities having an aggregate principal balance approximately
equal to the amount on deposit in the Pre-Funding Account (the "PRE-FUNDED
AMOUNT") for such series on the date of such issuance. The Pre-Funded Amount
with respect to a series is not expected to exceed 25% of the aggregate
initial Security Balance of the related Securities. Any Subsequent Assets will
be required to satisfy certain eligibility criteria more fully set forth in
the related Prospectus Supplement, which eligibility criteria will be
consistent with the eligibility criteria of the Assets initially included in
the Trust Fund, subject to such exceptions as are expressly stated in the
Prospectus Supplement. For example, the Subsequent Assets will be subject to
the same underwriting standards, representations and warranties as the Assets
initially included in the Trust Fund. In addition, certain conditions must be
satisfied before the Subsequent Assets are transferred into the Trust Fund
such as the delivery to the Rating Agencies and the Trustee of certain
opinions of counsel (including bankruptcy, corporate and tax opinions).
Except as set forth in the following sentence, the Pre-Funded Amount will be
used only to purchase Subsequent Mortgage Loans. Any portion of the Pre-Funded
Amount remaining in the Pre-Funding Account at the end of the Pre-Funding
Period will be used to prepay one or more classes of Securities in the amounts
and in the manner specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. In addition,
if specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor may be
required to deposit cash into an account maintained by the Trustee (the
"CAPITALIZED INTEREST ACCOUNT" ) for the purpose of assuring the availability
of funds to pay interest with respect to the Securities during the Pre-Funding
Period. Any amount remaining in the Capitalized Interest Account at the end of
the Pre-Funding Period will be remitted as specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement.
Amounts deposited in the Pre-Funding and Capitalized Interest Accounts will
be permitted to be invested, pending application thereof, only in eligible
investments authorized by each applicable Rating Agency.
ACCOUNTS
Each Trust Fund will include one or more accounts, established and
maintained on behalf of the Securityholders into which the person or persons
designated in the related Prospectus Supplement will, to the extent described
herein and in such Prospectus Supplement deposit all payments and collections
received or advanced with respect to the Assets and other assets in the Trust
Fund. Such an account may be maintained as an interest bearing or a non-
interest bearing account, and funds held therein may be held as cash or
invested in certain short-term, investment grade obligations, in each case as
described in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Description of the
Agreements--Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing Agreements and
Underlying Servicing Agreements--Collection Account and Related Accounts."
CREDIT SUPPORT
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, partial or full
protection against certain defaults and losses on the Assets in the related
Trust Fund may be provided to one or more
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classes of Securities in the related series in the form of subordination of
one or more other classes of Securities in such series or by one or more other
types of credit support, such as a letter of credit, insurance policy,
guarantee, reserve fund or another type of credit support, or a combination
thereof (any such coverage with respect to the Securities of any series,
"CREDIT SUPPORT"). The amount and types of coverage, the identification of the
entity providing the coverage (if applicable) and related information with
respect to each type of Credit Support, if any, will be described in the
Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities. See "Risk Factors--Credit
Support Limitations" and "Description of Credit Support."
CASH FLOW AGREEMENTS
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Trust Fund may
include guaranteed investment contracts pursuant to which moneys held in the
funds and accounts established for the related series will be invested at a
specified rate. The Trust Fund may also include certain other agreements, such
as interest rate exchange agreements, interest rate cap or floor agreements,
currency exchange agreements or similar agreements provided to reduce the
effects of interest rate or currency exchange rate fluctuations on the Assets
or on one or more classes of Securities. (Currency exchange agreements might
be included in the Trust Fund if some or all of the Mortgage Loans were
denominated in a non-United States currency.) The principal terms of any such
guaranteed investment contract or other agreement (any such agreement, a "CASH
FLOW AGREEMENT"), including, without limitation, provisions relating to the
timing, manner and amount of payments thereunder and provisions relating to
the termination thereof, will be described in the Prospectus Supplement for
the related series. In addition, the related Prospectus Supplement will
provide certain information with respect to the obligor under any such Cash
Flow Agreement.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received from the sale of the Securities will be
applied by the Depositor to the purchase of Assets, or the repayment of the
financing incurred in such purchase, and to pay for certain expenses incurred
in connection with such purchase of Assets and sale of Securities. The
Depositor expects to sell the Securities from time to time, but the timing and
amount of offerings of Securities will depend on a number of factors,
including the volume of Assets acquired by the Depositor, prevailing interest
rates, availability of funds and general market conditions.
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YIELD CONSIDERATIONS
GENERAL
The yield on any Offered Security will depend on the price paid by the
Securityholder, the Pass-Through Rate of the Security, the receipt and timing
of receipt of distributions on the Security and the weighted average life of
the Assets in the related Trust Fund (which may be affected by prepayments,
defaults, liquidations or repurchases). See "Risk Factors."
PASS-THROUGH RATE AND INTEREST RATE
Securities of any class within a series may have fixed, variable or
adjustable Pass-Through Rates or interest rates, which may or may not be based
upon the interest rates borne by the Assets in the related Trust Fund. The
Prospectus Supplement with respect to any series of Securities will specify
the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate for each class of such Securities or,
in the case of a variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate,
the method of determining the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate; the effect,
if any, of the prepayment of any Asset on the Pass-Through Rate or interest
rate of one or more classes of Securities; and whether the distributions of
interest on the Securities of any class will be dependent, in whole or in
part, on the performance of any obligor under a Cash Flow Agreement.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the effective yield to
maturity to each holder of Securities entitled to payments of interest will be
below that otherwise produced by the applicable Pass-Through Rate or interest
rate and purchase price of such Security because, while interest may accrue on
each Asset during a certain period (each, an "INTEREST ACCRUAL PERIOD"), the
distribution of such interest will be made on a day which may be several days,
weeks or months following the period of accrual.
TIMING OF PAYMENT OF INTEREST
Each payment of interest on the Securities (or addition to the Security
Balance of a class of Accrual Securities) on a Distribution Date will include
interest accrued during the Interest Accrual Period for such Distribution
Date. As indicated above under "--Pass-Through Rate and Interest Rate," if the
Interest Accrual Period ends on a date other than the day before a
Distribution Date for the related series, the yield realized by the holders of
such Securities may be lower than the yield that would result if the Interest
Accrual Period ended on such day before the Distribution Date.
PAYMENTS OF PRINCIPAL; PREPAYMENTS
The yield to maturity on the Securities will be affected by the rate of
principal payments on the Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and
Agency Securities, the underlying assets related thereto), including principal
prepayments resulting from both voluntary prepayments by the borrowers and
involuntary liquidations. The rate at which such principal prepayments occur
will be affected by a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the
terms of the Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency
Securities, the underlying assets related thereto), the level of prevailing
interest rates, the availability of mortgage credit and economic, demographic,
geographic, tax, legal and other factors. In general, however, if prevailing
interest rates fall significantly below the interest rates on the Assets in a
particular Trust Fund (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency
Securities, the underlying assets related thereto), such assets are likely to
be the subject of higher principal prepayments than if prevailing rates remain
at or above the rates borne by such assets. In this regard, it should be noted
that certain Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency
Securities, the underlying assets related thereto) may consist of loans with
different interest rates. The rate of principal payment on
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Mortgage Securities will also be affected by the allocation of principal
payments on the underlying assets among the Mortgage Securities or Agency
Securities and other Mortgage Securities or Agency Securities of the same
series. The rate of principal payments on the Assets in the related Trust Fund
(or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the underlying
assets related thereto) is likely to be affected by the existence of any Lock-
out Periods and Prepayment Premium provisions of the mortgage loans underlying
or comprising such Assets, and by the extent to which the servicer of any such
mortgage loan is able to enforce such provisions. Mortgage Loans with a Lock-
out Period or a Prepayment Premium provision, to the extent enforceable,
generally would be expected to experience a lower rate of principal
prepayments than otherwise identical mortgage loans without such provisions,
with shorter Lock-out Periods or with lower Prepayment Premiums.
If the purchaser of a Security offered at a discount calculates its
anticipated yield to maturity based on an assumed rate of distributions of
principal that is faster than that actually experienced on the Assets (or, in
the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the underlying assets
related thereto), the actual yield to maturity will be lower than that so
calculated. Conversely, if the purchaser of a Security offered at a premium
calculates its anticipated yield to maturity based on an assumed rate of
distributions of principal that is slower than that actually experienced on
the Assets (or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the
underlying assets related thereto), the actual yield to maturity will be lower
than that so calculated. In either case, if so provided in the Prospectus
Supplement for a series of Securities, the effect on yield on one or more
classes of the Securities of such series of prepayments of the Assets in the
related Trust Fund may be mitigated or exacerbated by any provisions for
sequential or selective distribution of principal to such classes.
When a full prepayment is made on a Mortgage Loan, the obligor is charged
interest on the principal amount of the Mortgage Loan so prepaid for the
number of days in the month actually elapsed up to the date of the prepayment
or such other period specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Generally, the effect of prepayments in full will be to reduce the amount of
interest paid in the following month to holders of Securities entitled to
payments of interest because interest on the principal amount of any Mortgage
Loan so prepaid will be paid only to the date of prepayment rather than for a
full month. A partial prepayment of principal is applied so as to reduce the
outstanding principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan as of the Due Date
in the month in which such partial prepayment is receive or such other date as
is specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The timing of changes in the rate of principal payments on the Assets (or,
in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities, the underlying
assets related thereto) may significantly affect an investor's actual yield to
maturity, even if the average rate of distributions of principal is consistent
with an investor's expectation. In general, the earlier a principal payment is
received on the Mortgage Loans and distributed on a Security, the greater the
effect on such investor's yield to maturity. The effect on an investor's yield
of principal payments occurring at a rate higher (or lower) than the rate
anticipated by the investor during a given period may not be offset by a
subsequent like decrease (or increase) in the rate of principal payments.
The Securityholder will bear the risk of being able to reinvest principal
received in respect of a Security at a yield at least equal to the yield on
such Security.
PREPAYMENTS--MATURITY AND WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE
The rates at which principal payments are received on the Assets included in
or comprising a Trust Fund and the rate at which payments are made from any
Credit Support or Cash Flow
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Agreement for the related series of Securities may affect the ultimate
maturity and the weighted average life of each class of such series.
Prepayments on the Mortgage Loans comprising or underlying the Assets in a
particular Trust Fund will generally accelerate the rate at which principal is
paid on some or all of the classes of the Securities of the related series.
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities, one
or more classes of Securities may have a final scheduled Distribution Date,
which is the date on or prior to which the Security Balance thereof is
scheduled to be reduced to zero, calculated on the basis of the assumptions
applicable to such series set forth therein. Weighted average life refers to
the average amount of time that will elapse from the date of issue of a
security until each dollar of principal of such security will be repaid to the
investor. The weighted average life of a class of Securities of a series will
be influenced by the rate at which principal on the Assets is paid to such
class, which may be in the form of scheduled amortization or prepayments (for
this purpose, the term "PREPAYMENT" includes prepayments, in whole or in part,
and liquidations due to default).
In addition, the weighted average life of the Securities may be affected by
the varying maturities of the Assets in a Trust Fund. If any Assets in a
particular Trust Fund have actual terms to maturity less than those assumed in
calculating final scheduled Distribution Dates for the classes of Securities
of the related series, one or more classes of such Securities may be fully
paid prior to their respective final scheduled Distribution Dates, even in the
absence of prepayments. Accordingly, the prepayment experience of the Assets
will, to some extent, be a function of the mix of Mortgage Rates and
maturities of the Mortgage Loans comprising or underlying such Assets. See
"Description of the Trust Funds."
Prepayments on loans are also commonly measured relative to a prepayment
standard or model, such as the Constant Prepayment Rate ("CPR") prepayment
model or the Standard Prepayment Assumption ("SPA") prepayment model, each as
described below. CPR represents a constant assumed rate of prepayment each
month relative to the then outstanding principal balance of a pool of loans
for the life of such loans. SPA represents an assumed rate of prepayment each
month relative to the then outstanding principal balance of a pool of loans. A
prepayment assumption of 100% of SPA assumes prepayment rates of 0.2% per
annum of the then outstanding principal balance of such loans in the first
month of the life of the loans and an additional 0.2% per annum in each month
thereafter until the thirtieth month. Beginning in the thirtieth month and in
each month thereafter during the life of the loans, 100% of SPA assumes a
constant prepayment rate of 6% per annum each month.
Neither CPR nor SPA nor any other prepayment model or assumption purports to
be a historical description of prepayment experience or a prediction of the
anticipated rate of prepayment of any pool of loans, including the Mortgage
Loans underlying or comprising the Assets.
The Prospectus Supplement with respect to each series of Securities may
contain tables, if applicable, setting forth the projected weighted average
life of each class of Offered Securities of such series and the percentage of
the initial Security Balance of each such class that would be outstanding on
specified Distribution Dates based on the assumptions stated in such
Prospectus Supplement, including assumptions that prepayments on the Mortgage
Loans comprising or underlying the related Assets are made at rates
corresponding to various percentages of CPR, SPA or such other standard
specified in such Prospectus Supplement. Such tables and assumptions are
intended to illustrate the sensitivity of the weighted average life of the
Securities to various prepayment rates and will not be intended to predict or
to provide information that will enable investors to predict the actual
weighted average life of the
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Securities. It is unlikely that prepayment of any Mortgage Loans comprising or
underlying the Assets for any series will conform to any particular level of
CPR, SPA or any other rate specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING WEIGHTED AVERAGE LIFE
Type of Asset
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a number of Mortgage
Loans may have balloon payments due at maturity (which, based on the
amortization schedule of such Mortgage Loans, may be a substantial amount),
and because the ability of a mortgagor to make a balloon payment typically
will depend upon its ability either to refinance the loan or to sell the
related Mortgaged Property, there is a risk that a number of Balloon Payment
Assets may default at maturity. The ability to obtain refinancing will depend
on a number of factors prevailing at the time refinancing or sale is required,
including, without limitation, real estate values, the mortgagor's financial
situation, prevailing mortgage loan interest rates, the mortgagor's equity in
the related Mortgaged Property, tax laws and prevailing general economic
conditions. Neither the Depositor, the Servicer, the Master Servicer, nor any
of their affiliates will be obligated to refinance or repurchase any Mortgage
Loan or to sell the Mortgaged Property except to the extent provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement. In the case of defaults, recovery of proceeds
may be delayed by, among other things, bankruptcy of the mortgagor or adverse
conditions in the market where the property is located. In order to minimize
losses on defaulted Mortgage Loans, the Servicer may modify Mortgage Loans
that are in default or as to which a payment default is reasonably
foreseeable. Any defaulted balloon payment or modification that extends the
maturity of a Mortgage Loan will tend to extend the weighted average life of
the Securities and may thereby lengthen the period of time elapsed from the
date of issuance of a Security until it is retired.
With respect to certain Mortgage Loans, including ARM Loans, the Mortgage
Rate at origination may be below the rate that would result if the index and
margin relating thereto were applied at origination. Under the applicable
underwriting standards, the mortgagor or obligor under each Mortgage Loan
generally will be qualified on the basis of the Mortgage Rate in effect at
origination. The repayment of any such Mortgage Loan may thus be dependent on
the ability of the mortgagor or obligor to make larger level monthly payments
following the adjustment of the Mortgage Rate. In addition, certain Mortgage
Loans may be subject to temporary buydown plans ("BUYDOWN MORTGAGE LOANS")
pursuant to which the monthly payments made by the mortgagor during the early
years of the Mortgage Loan will be less than the scheduled monthly payments
thereon (the "BUYDOWN PERIOD"). The periodic increase in the amount paid by
the mortgagor of a Buydown Mortgage Loan during or at the end of the
applicable Buydown Period may create a greater financial burden for the
mortgagor, who might not have otherwise qualified for a mortgage, and may
accordingly increase the risk of default with respect to the related Mortgage
Loan.
The Mortgage Rates on certain ARM Loans subject to negative amortization
generally adjust monthly and their amortization schedules adjust less
frequently. During a period of rising interest rates as well as immediately
after origination (initial Mortgage Rates are generally lower than the sum of
the applicable index at origination and the related margin over such index at
which interest accrues), the amount of interest accruing on the principal
balance of such Mortgage Loans may exceed the amount of the minimum scheduled
monthly payment thereon. As a result, a portion of the accrued interest on
negatively amortizing Mortgage Loans may be added to the principal balance
thereof and will bear interest at the applicable Mortgage Rate. The addition
of any such deferred interest to the principal balance of any related class or
classes of Securities will lengthen the weighted average life thereof and may
adversely affect yield to
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holders thereof, depending upon the price at which such Securities were
purchased. In addition, with respect to certain ARM Loans subject to negative
amortization, during a period of declining interest rates, it might be
expected that each minimum scheduled monthly payment on such a Mortgage Loan
would exceed the amount of scheduled principal and accrued interest on the
principal balance thereof, and since such excess will be applied to reduce the
principal balance of the related class or classes of Securities, the weighted
average life of such Securities will be reduced and may adversely affect yield
to holders thereof, depending upon the price at which such Securities were
purchased.
As may be described in the related Prospectus Supplement, the related
Agreement may provide that all or a portion of the principal collected on or
with respect to the related Mortgage Loans may be applied by the related
Trustee to the acquisition of additional Mortgage Loans during a specified
period (rather than used to fund payments of principal to Securityholders
during such period) with the result that the related securities possess an
interest-only period, also commonly referred to as a revolving period, which
will be followed by an amortization period. Any such interest-only or
revolving period may, upon the occurrence of certain events to be described in
the related Prospectus Supplement, terminate prior to the end of the specified
period and result in the earlier than expected amortization of the related
Securities.
In addition, and as may be described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
the related Agreement may provide that all or a portion of such collected
principal may be retained by the Trustee (and held in certain temporary
investments, including Mortgage Loans) for a specified period prior to being
used to fund payments of principal to Securityholders.
The result of such retention and temporary investment by the Trustee of such
principal would be to slow the amortization rate of the related Securities
relative to the amortization rate of the related Mortgage Loans, or to attempt
to match the amortization rate of the related Securities to an amortization
schedule established at the time such Securities are issued. Any such feature
applicable to any Securities may terminate upon the occurrence of events to be
described in the related Prospectus Supplement, resulting in the current
funding of principal payments to the related Securityholders and an
acceleration of the amortization of such Securities.
Termination
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a series of Securities
may be subject to optional early termination through the repurchase of the
Assets in the related Trust Fund by the party specified therein, on any date
on which the aggregate Security Balance of the Securities of such series
declines to a percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
(generally not to exceed 10%) of the Initial Security Balance, under the
circumstances and in the manner set forth therein. In addition, if so provided
in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain classes of Securities may be
purchased or redeemed in the manner set forth therein. See "Description of the
Securities--Termination."
Defaults
The rate of defaults on the Assets will also affect the rate, timing and
amount of principal payments on the Assets and thus the yield on the
Securities. In general, defaults on mortgage loans are expected to occur with
greater frequency in their early years. The rate of default on Mortgage Loans
which are refinance or limited documentation mortgage loans, and on Mortgage
Loans with high Loan-to-Value Ratios, may be higher than for other types of
Mortgage Loans. Furthermore, the rate and timing of prepayments, defaults and
liquidations on the Mortgage Loans will be affected by the general economic
condition of the region of the
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country in which the related Mortgage Properties are located. The risk of
delinquencies and loss is greater and prepayments are less likely in regions
where a weak or deteriorating economy exists, as may be evidenced by, among
other factors, increasing unemployment or falling property values.
Foreclosures
The number of foreclosures or repossessions and the principal amount of the
Mortgage Loans comprising or underlying the Assets that are foreclosed or
repossessed in relation to the number and principal amount of Mortgage Loans
that are repaid in accordance with their terms will affect the weighted
average life of the Mortgage Loans comprising or underlying the Assets and
that of the related series of Securities.
Refinancing
At the request of a mortgagor, the Servicer may allow the refinancing of a
Mortgage Loan in any Trust Fund by accepting prepayments thereon and
permitting a new loan secured by a mortgage on the same property. In the event
of such a refinancing, the new loan would not be included in the related Trust
Fund and, therefore, such refinancing would have the same effect as a
prepayment in full of the related Mortgage Loan. A Servicer may, from time to
time, implement programs designed to encourage refinancing. Such programs may
include, without limitation, modifications of existing loans, general or
targeted solicitations, the offering of pre-approved applications, reduced
origination fees or closing costs, or other financial incentives. In addition,
Servicers may encourage the refinancing of Mortgage Loans, including defaulted
Mortgage Loans, that would permit creditworthy borrowers to assume the
outstanding indebtedness of such Mortgage Loans.
Due-on-Sale Clauses
Acceleration of mortgage payments as a result of certain transfers of
underlying Mortgaged Property is another factor affecting prepayment rates
that may not be reflected in the prepayment standards or models used in the
relevant Prospectus Supplement. A number of the Mortgage Loans comprising or
underlying the Assets, other than FHA Loans and VA Loans, may include "DUE-ON-
SALE CLAUSES" that allow the holder of the Mortgage Loans to demand payment in
full of the remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loans upon sale,
transfer or conveyance of the related Mortgaged Property.
With respect to any Mortgage Loans, except as set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer will generally enforce any due-on-sale
clause to the extent it has knowledge of the conveyance or proposed conveyance
of the underlying Mortgaged Property and it is entitled to do so under
applicable law; provided, however, that the Servicer will not take any action
in relation to the enforcement of any due-on-sale provision which would
adversely affect or jeopardize coverage under any applicable insurance policy.
See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans--Due-on-Sale Clauses" and
"Description of the Agreements--Material Terms of the Pooling and Servicing
Agreements Underlying Servicing Agreements--Due-on-Sale Provisions."
THE DEPOSITOR
ACE Securities Corp., the Depositor, is a special purpose corporation
incorporated in the State of Delaware on June 3, 1998. The principal executive
offices of the Depositor are located at 6707 Fairview Road, Suite D,
Charlotte, North Carolina 28210. Its telephone number is (704) 365-0569. The
Depositor does not have, nor is it expected in the future to have, any
significant assets.
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The limited purposes of the Depositor are, in general, to acquire, own and
sell mortgage loans and financial assets; to issue, acquire, own, hold and
sell securities and notes secured by or representing ownership interests in
Mortgage Loans and other financial assets, collections thereon and related
assets; and to engage in any acts which are incidental to, or necessary,
suitable or convenient to accomplish, the foregoing.
All of the shares of capital stock of the Depositor are held by Altamont
Holdings Corp., a Delaware corporation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SECURITIES
GENERAL
The Certificates of each series (including any class of Certificates not
offered hereby) will represent the entire beneficial ownership interest in the
Trust Fund created pursuant to the related Agreement. If a series of
Securities includes Notes, such Notes will represent indebtedness of the
related Trust Fund and will be issued and secured pursuant to an Indenture.
Each series of Securities will consist of one or more classes of Securities
that may (i) provide for the accrual of interest thereon based on fixed,
variable or adjustable rates; (ii) be senior (collectively, "SENIOR
SECURITIES") or subordinate (collectively, "SUBORDINATE SECURITIES") to one or
more other classes of Securities in respect of certain distributions on the
Securities; (iii) be entitled either to (A) principal distributions, with
disproportionately low, nominal or no interest distributions or (B) interest
distributions, with disproportionately low, nominal or no principal
distributions (collectively, "STRIP SECURITIES"); (iv) provide for
distributions of accrued interest thereon commencing only following the
occurrence of certain events, such as the retirement of one or more other
classes of Securities of such series (collectively, "ACCRUAL SECURITIES"); (v)
provide for payments of principal as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, from all or only a portion of the Assets in such Trust Fund, to
the extent of available funds, in each case as described in the related
Prospectus Supplement; and/or (vi) provide for distributions based on a
combination of two or more components thereof with one or more of the
characteristics described in this paragraph including a Strip Security
component. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, distributions
on one or more classes of a series of Securities may be limited to collections
from a designated portion of the Assets in the related Trust Fund (each such
portion of Assets, an "ASSET GROUP"). Any such classes may include classes of
Offered Securities.
Each class of Offered Securities of a series will be issued in minimum
denominations corresponding to the Security Balances or, in the case of
certain classes of Strip Securities, notional amounts or percentage interests
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The transfer of any Offered
Securities may be registered and such Securities may be exchanged without the
payment of any service charge payable in connection with such registration of
transfer or exchange, but the Depositor or the Trustee or any agent thereof
may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge. One or more classes of Securities of a series may be issued as
Definitive Securities or in book-entry form ("BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES"), as
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement. See "Risk Factors--Owners of
Book-Entry Securities Not Entitled to Exercise Rights of Holders of
Securities" and "Description of the Securities--Book-Entry Registration and
Definitive Securities." Definitive Securities will be exchangeable for other
Securities of the same class and series of a like aggregate Security Balance,
notional amount or percentage interest but of different authorized
denominations. See "Risk Factors--Limited Liquidity for Securities" and "--
Limited Assets for Payment of Securities."
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DISTRIBUTIONS
Distributions on the Securities of each series will be made by or on behalf
of the Trustee on each Distribution Date as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement from the Available Distribution Amount for such series
and such Distribution Date. Distributions (other than the final distribution)
will be made to the persons in whose names the Securities are registered at
the close of business on, unless a different date is specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the last business day of the month preceding the month
in which the Distribution Date occurs (the "RECORD DATE"), and the amount of
each distribution will be determined as of the close of business on the date
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (the "DETERMINATION DATE"). All
distributions with respect to each class of Securities on each Distribution
Date will be allocated pro rata among the outstanding Securityholders in such
class or by random selection or as described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Payments will be made either by wire transfer in immediately
available funds to the account of a Securityholder at a bank or other entity
having appropriate facilities therefor, if such Securityholder has so notified
the Trustee or other person required to make such payments no later than the
date specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (and, if so provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, holds Securities in the requisite amount
specified therein), or by check mailed to the address of the person entitled
thereto as it appears on the Security Register; provided, however, that the
final distribution in retirement of the Securities will be made only upon
presentation and surrender of the Securities at the location specified in the
notice to Securityholders of such final distribution.
AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT
All distributions on the Securities of each series on each Distribution Date
will be made from the Available Distribution Amount described below, in
accordance with the terms described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Generally, the "AVAILABLE DISTRIBUTION AMOUNT" for each Distribution Date
equals the sum of the following amounts:
(i) the total amount of all cash on deposit in the related Collection
Account as of the corresponding Determination Date, exclusive of:
(a) all scheduled payments of principal and interest collected but
due on a date subsequent to the related Due Period (unless a different
period is specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a "DUE
PERIOD " with respect to any Distribution Date will commence on the
second day of the month in which the immediately preceding Distribution
Date occurs, or the day after the Cut-off Date in the case of the first
Due Period, and will end on the first day of the month of the related
Distribution Date),
(b) all prepayments, together with related payments of the interest
thereon and related Prepayment Premiums, all proceeds of any FHA
insurance, VA Guaranty Policy or insurance policies to be maintained in
respect of each Asset (to the extent such proceeds are not applied to
the restoration of the Asset or released in accordance with the normal
servicing procedures of a Servicer, subject to the terms and conditions
applicable to the related Asset) (collectively, "INSURANCE PROCEEDS" ),
all other amounts received and retained in connection with the
liquidation of Assets in default in the Trust Fund ("LIQUIDATION
PROCEEDS" ), and other unscheduled recoveries received subsequent to
the related Due Period,
(c) all amounts in the Collection Account that are due or
reimbursable to the Depositor, the Trustee, an Asset Seller, a
Servicer, the Master Servicer or any other entity as specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement or that are payable in respect of certain
expenses of the related Trust Fund, and
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(d) all amounts received for a repurchase of an Asset from the Trust
Fund for defective documentation or a breach of representation or
warranty received subsequent to the related Due Period;
(ii) if the related Prospectus Supplement so provides, interest or
investment income on amounts on deposit in the Collection Account,
including any net amounts paid under any Cash Flow Agreements;
(iii) all advances made by a Servicer or the Master Servicer or any other
entity as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement with respect to
such Distribution Date;
(iv) if and to the extent the related Prospectus Supplement so provides,
amounts paid by a Servicer or any other entity as specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement with respect to interest shortfalls resulting from
prepayments during the related Prepayment Period; and
(v) to the extent not on deposit in the related Collection Account as of
the corresponding Determination Date, any amounts collected under, from or
in respect of any Credit Support with respect to such Distribution Date.
As described below, the entire Available Distribution Amount will be
distributed among the related Securities (including any Securities not offered
hereby) on each Distribution Date, and accordingly will be released from the
Trust Fund and will not be available for any future distributions.
The related Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will describe
any variation in the calculation of the Available Distribution Amount for such
series.
DISTRIBUTIONS OF INTEREST ON THE SECURITIES
Each class of Securities (other than classes of Strip Securities that have
no Pass-Through Rate or interest rate) may have a different Pass-Through Rate
or interest rate, which will be a fixed, variable or adjustable rate at which
interest will accrue on such class or a component thereof (the "PASS-THROUGH
RATE" in the case of Certificates). The related Prospectus Supplement will
specify the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate for each class or component or,
in the case of a variable or adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate,
the method for determining the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate. Interest on
the Securities will be calculated on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of
twelve 30-day months unless the related Prospectus Supplement specifies a
different basis.
Distributions of interest in respect of the Securities of any class will be
made on each Distribution Date (other than any class of Accrual Securities,
which will be entitled to distributions of accrued interest commencing only on
the Distribution Date, or under the circumstances, specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, and any class of Strip Securities that are not entitled
to any distributions of interest) based on the Accrued Security Interest for
such class and such Distribution Date, subject to the sufficiency of the
portion of the Available Distribution Amount allocable to such class on such
Distribution Date. Prior to the time interest is distributable on any class of
Accrual Securities, the amount of Accrued Security Interest otherwise
distributable on such class will be added to the Security Balance thereof on
each Distribution Date. With respect to each class of Securities and each
Distribution Date (other than certain classes of Strip Securities), "ACCRUED
SECURITY INTEREST" will be equal to interest accrued during the related
Interest Accrual Period on the outstanding Security Balance thereof
immediately prior to the Distribution Date, at the applicable Pass-Through
Rate or interest rate,
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reduced as described below. Accrued Security Interest on certain classes of
Strip Securities will be equal to interest accrued during the related Interest
Accrual Period on the outstanding notional amount thereof immediately prior to
each Distribution Date, at the applicable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate,
reduced as described below, or interest accrual in the manner described in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The method of determining the notional amount
for a certain class of Strip Securities will be described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Reference to notional amount is solely for convenience
in certain calculations and does not represent the right to receive any
distributions of principal. Unless otherwise provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the Accrued Security Interest on a series of Securities
will be reduced in the event of prepayment interest shortfalls, which are
shortfalls in collections of interest for a full accrual period resulting from
prepayments prior to the due date in such accrual period on the Mortgage Loans
comprising or underlying the Assets in the Trust Fund for such series. The
particular manner in which such shortfalls are to be allocated among some or
all of the classes of Securities of that series will be specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The related Prospectus Supplement will also
describe the extent to which the amount of Accrued Certificate Interest that
is otherwise distributable on (or, in the case of Accrual Securities, that may
otherwise be added to the Security Balance of) a class of Offered Securities
may be reduced as a result of any other contingencies, including
delinquencies, losses and deferred interest on or in respect of the Mortgage
Loans comprising or underlying the Assets in the related Trust Fund. Unless
otherwise provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, any reduction in the
amount of Accrued Security Interest otherwise distributable on a class of
Securities by reason of the allocation to such class of a portion of any
deferred interest on the Mortgage Loans comprising or underlying the Assets in
the related Trust Fund will result in a corresponding increase in the Security
Balance of such class. See "Risk Factors--Rate of Prepayments on Assets May
Adversely Affect Average Lives and Yields of Securities" and "--Priority of
Payment of Securities May Adversely Affect Average Lives and Yields of
Securities," and "Yield Considerations."
DISTRIBUTIONS OF PRINCIPAL OF THE SECURITIES
The Securities of each series, other than certain classes of Strip
Securities, will have a "SECURITY BALANCE" which, at any time, will equal the
then maximum amount that the holder will be entitled to receive in respect of
principal out of the future cash flow on the Assets and other assets included
in the related Trust Fund. The outstanding Security Balance of a Security will
be reduced to the extent of distributions of principal thereon from time to
time and, if and to the extent so provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, by the amount of losses incurred in respect of the related Assets,
may be increased in respect of deferred interest on the related Mortgage Loans
to the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement and, in the case
of Accrual Securities prior to the Distribution Date on which distributions of
interest are required to commence, will be increased by any related Accrued
Security Interest. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
initial aggregate Security Balance of all classes of Securities of a series
will be greater than the outstanding aggregate principal balance of the
related Assets as of the applicable Cut-off Date. The initial aggregate
Security Balance of a series and each class thereof will be specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. Distributions of principal will be made on each
Distribution Date to the class or classes of Securities in the amounts and in
accordance with the priorities specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certain classes of Strip Securities with no Security Balance are not entitled
to any distributions of principal.
COMPONENTS
To the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, distribution
on a class of Securities may be based on a combination of two or more
different components as described
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under "--General" above. To such extent, the descriptions set forth under "--
Distributions of Interest on the Securities" and "--Distributions of Principal
of the Securities" above also relate to components of such a class of
Securities. In such case, reference in such sections to Security Balance and
Pass-Through Rate or interest rate refer to the principal balance, if any, of
any such component and the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate, if any, on any
such component, respectively.
DISTRIBUTIONS ON THE SECURITIES OF PREPAYMENT PREMIUMS
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, Prepayment Premiums
that are collected on the Mortgage Loans in the related Trust Fund will be
distributed on each Distribution Date to the class or classes of Securities
entitled thereto in accordance with the provisions described in such
Prospectus Supplement.
ALLOCATION OF LOSSES AND SHORTFALLS
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities
consisting of one or more classes of Subordinate Securities, on any
Distribution Date in respect of which losses or shortfalls in collections on
the Assets have been incurred, the amount of such losses or shortfalls will be
borne first by a class of Subordinate Securities in the priority and manner
and subject to the limitations specified in such Prospectus Supplement. See
"Description of Credit Support" for a description of the types of protection
that may be included in a Trust Fund against losses and shortfalls on Assets
comprising such Trust Fund. The Prospectus Supplement for a series of
Securities will describe the entitlement, if any, of a class of Securities
whose Security Balance has been reduced to zero as a result of distributions
or the allocation of losses on the related Assets to recover any losses
previously allocated to such class from amounts received on the Assets.
However, if the Security Balance of a class of Securities has been reduced to
zero as the result of principal distributions, the allocation of losses on the
Assets, an optional termination or an optional purchase or redemption, such
class will no longer be entitled to receive principal distributions from
amounts received on the assets of the related Trust Fund, including
distributions in respect of principal losses previously allocated to such
class.
ADVANCES IN RESPECT OF DELINQUENCIES
With respect to any series of Securities evidencing an interest in a Trust
Fund, if so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer or
another entity described therein will be required as part of its servicing
responsibilities to advance on or before each Distribution Date its own funds
or funds held in the related Collection Account that are not included in the
Available Distribution Amount for such Distribution Date, in an amount equal
to the aggregate of payments of principal (other than any balloon payments)
and interest (net of related servicing fees and Retained Interest) that were
due on the Assets in such Trust Fund during the related Due Period and were
delinquent on the related Determination Date, subject to the Servicer's (or
another entity's) good faith determination that such advances will be
reimbursable from Related Proceeds (as defined below). In the case of a series
of Securities that includes one or more classes of Subordinate Securities and
if so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer's (or
another entity's) advance obligation may be limited only to the portion of
such delinquencies necessary to make the required distributions on one or more
classes of Senior Securities and/or may be subject to the Servicer's (or
another entity's) good faith determination that such advances will be
reimbursable not only from Related Proceeds but also from collections on other
Assets otherwise distributable on one or more classes of such Subordinate
Securities. See "Description of Credit Support."
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Advances are intended to maintain a regular flow of scheduled interest and
principal payments to holders of the class or classes of Securities entitled
thereto, rather than to guarantee or insure against losses. Advances of the
Servicer's (or another entity's) funds will be reimbursable only out of
related recoveries on the Assets (including amounts received under any form of
Credit Support) respecting which such advances were made (as to any Assets,
"RELATED PROCEEDS") and from any other amounts specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, including out of any amounts otherwise distributable on
one or more classes of Subordinate Securities of such series; provided,
however, that any such advance will be reimbursable from any amounts in the
related Collection Account prior to any distributions being made on the
Securities to the extent that the Servicer (or such other entity) shall
determine in good faith that such advance (a "NONRECOVERABLE ADVANCE") is not
ultimately recoverable from Related Proceeds or, if applicable, from
collections on other Assets otherwise distributable on such Subordinate
Securities. If advances have been made by the Servicer from excess funds in
the related Collection Account, the Servicer is required to replace such funds
in such Collection Account on any future Distribution Date to the extent that
funds in such Collection Account on such Distribution Date are less than
payments required to be made to Securityholders on such date. If so specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the obligations of the Servicer (or
another entity) to make advances may be secured by a cash advance reserve
fund, a surety bond, a letter of credit or another form of limited guaranty.
If applicable, information regarding the characteristics of, and the identity
of any obligor on, any such surety bond, will be set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
If and to the extent so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer (or another entity) will be entitled to receive interest at the rate
specified therein on its outstanding advances and will be entitled to pay
itself such interest periodically from general collections on the Assets prior
to any payment to Securityholders or as otherwise provided in the related
Agreement and described in such Prospectus Supplement.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Master Servicer or
the Trustee will be required to make advances, subject to certain conditions
described in the Prospectus Supplement, in the event of a Servicer default.
REPORTS TO SECURITYHOLDERS
With each distribution to holders of any class of Securities of a series,
the Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Trustee, as provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, will forward or cause to be forwarded to each such
holder, to the Depositor and to such other parties as may be specified in the
related Agreement, a statement generally setting forth, in each case to the
extent applicable and available:
(i) the amount of such distribution to holders of Securities of such
class applied to reduce the Security Balance thereof;
(ii) the amount of such distribution to holders of Securities of such
class allocable to Accrued Security Interest;
(iii) the amount of such distribution allocable to Prepayment Premiums;
(iv) the amount of related servicing compensation and such other
customary information as is required to enable Securityholders to prepare
their tax returns;
(v) the aggregate amount of advances included in such distribution, and
the aggregate amount of unreimbursed advances at the close of business on
such Distribution Date;
(vi) the aggregate principal balance of the Assets at the close of
business on such Distribution Date;
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(vii) the number and aggregate principal balance of Mortgage Loans in
respect of which (a) one scheduled payment is delinquent, (b) two scheduled
payments are delinquent, (c) three or more scheduled payments are
delinquent and (d) foreclosure proceedings have been commenced;
(viii) with respect to any Mortgage Loan liquidated during the related
Due Period, (a) the portion of such liquidation proceeds payable or
reimbursable to a Servicer (or any other entity) in respect of such
Mortgage Loan and (b) the amount of any loss to Securityholders;
(ix) with respect to collateral acquired by the Trust Fund through
foreclosure or otherwise (an "REO PROPERTY" ) relating to a Mortgage Loan
and included in the Trust Fund as of the end of the related Due Period, the
date of acquisition;
(x) with respect to each REO Property relating to a Mortgage Loan and
included in the Trust Fund as of the end of the related Due Period, (a) the
book value, (b) the principal balance of the related Mortgage Loan
immediately following such Distribution Date (calculated as if such
Mortgage Loan were still outstanding taking into account certain limited
modifications to the terms thereof specified in the Agreement), (c) the
aggregate amount of unreimbursed servicing expenses and unreimbursed
advances in respect thereof and (d) if applicable, the aggregate amount of
interest accrued and payable on related servicing expenses and related
advances;
(xi) with respect to any such REO Property sold during the related Due
Period (a) the aggregate amount of sale proceeds, (b) the portion of such
sales proceeds payable or reimbursable to the Master Servicer in respect of
such REO Property or the related Mortgage Loan and (c) the amount of any
loss to Securityholders in respect of the related Mortgage Loan;
(xii) the aggregate Security Balance or notional amount, as the case may
be, of each class of Securities (including any class of Securities not
offered hereby) at the close of business on such Distribution Date,
separately identifying any reduction in such Security Balance due to the
allocation of any loss and increase in the Security Balance of a class of
Accrual Securities in the event that Accrued Security Interest has been
added to such balance;
(xiii) the aggregate amount of principal prepayments made during the
related Due Period;
(xiv) the amount deposited in the reserve fund, if any, on such
Distribution Date;
(xv) the amount remaining in the reserve fund, if any, as of the close of
business on such Distribution Date;
(xvi) the aggregate unpaid Accrued Security Interest, if any, on each
class of Securities at the close of business on such Distribution Date;
(xvii) in the case of Securities with a variable Pass-Through Rate or
interest rate, the Pass-Through Rate or interest rate applicable to such
Distribution Date, and, if available, the immediately succeeding
Distribution Date, as calculated in accordance with the method specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement;
(xviii) in the case of Securities with an adjustable Pass-Through Rate or
interest rate, for statements to be distributed in any month in which an
adjustment date occurs, the adjustable Pass-Through Rate or interest rate
applicable to such Distribution Date, if available, and the immediately
succeeding Distribution Date as calculated in accordance with the method
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement;
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(xix) as to any series which includes Credit Support, the amount of
coverage of each instrument of Credit Support included therein as of the
close of business on such Distribution Date;
(xx) during the Pre-Funding Period, the remaining Pre-Funded Amount and
the portion of the Pre-Funding Amount used to acquire Subsequent Mortgage
Loans since the preceding Distribution Date;
(xxi) during the Pre-Funding Period, the amount remaining in the
Capitalized Interest Account; and
(xxii) the aggregate amount of payments by the obligors of (a) default
interest, (b) late charges and (c) assumption and modification fees
collected during the related Due Period.
Within a reasonable period of time after the end of each calendar year, the
Servicer, the Master Servicer or the Trustee, as provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, shall furnish to each Securityholder of record at any
time during the calendar year such information required by the Code and
applicable regulations thereunder to enable Securityholders to prepare their
tax returns. See "Description of the Securities--Book-Entry Registration and
Definitive Securities."
TERMINATION
The obligations created by the related Agreement for each series of
Securities will terminate upon the payment to Securityholders of that series
of all amounts held in the Collection Accounts or by a Servicer, the Master
Servicer, if any, or the Trustee and required to be paid to them pursuant to
such Agreement following the earlier of (i) the final payment or other
liquidation of the last Asset subject thereto or the disposition of all
property acquired upon foreclosure of any Mortgage Loan subject thereto and
(ii) the purchase of all of the assets of the Trust Fund by the party entitled
to effect such termination, under the circumstances and in the manner set
forth in the related Prospectus Supplement. In no event, however, will the
Trust Fund continue beyond the date specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. Written notice of termination of the Agreement will be given to
each Securityholder, and the final distribution will be made only upon
presentation and surrender of the Securities at the location to be specified
in the notice of termination.
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a series of Securities
may be subject to optional early termination through the repurchase of the
Assets in the related Trust Fund by the party specified therein, under the
circumstances and in the manner set forth therein. If so provided in the
related Prospectus Supplement, upon the reduction of the Security Balance of a
specified class or classes of Securities by a specified percentage, the party
specified therein will solicit bids for the purchase of all assets of the
Trust Fund, or of a sufficient portion of such assets to retire such class or
classes or purchase such class or classes at a price set forth in the related
Prospectus Supplement, in each case, under the circumstances and in the manner
set forth therein. Such price will at least equal the outstanding Security
Balances and any accrued and unpaid interest thereon (including any unpaid
interest shortfalls for prior Distribution Dates). Any sale of the Assets of
the Trust Fund will be without recourse to the Trust Fund or the
Securityholders. Any such purchase or solicitation of bids may be made only
when the aggregate Security Balance of such class or classes declines to a
percentage of the Initial Security Balance of such Securities (not to exceed
10%) specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. In addition, if so
provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, certain classes of Securities
may be purchased or redeemed in the manner set forth therein at a price at
least
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equal to the outstanding Security Balance of each class so purchased or
redeemed and any accrued and unpaid interest thereon (including any unpaid
interest shortfalls for prior Distribution Dates).
OPTIONAL PURCHASES
Subject to the provisions of the applicable Agreement, the Depositor, the
Servicer or such other party specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
may, at such party's option, repurchase any Mortgage Loan which is in default
or as to which default is reasonably foreseeable if, in the Depositor's, the
Servicer's or such other party's judgment, the related default is not likely
to be cured by the borrower or default is not likely to be averted, at a price
equal to the unpaid principal balance thereof plus accrued interest thereon
and under the conditions set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement.
BOOK-ENTRY REGISTRATION AND DEFINITIVE SECURITIES
If so provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, one or more classes of
the Offered Securities of any series will be issued as Book-Entry Securities,
and each such class will be represented by one or more single Securities
registered in the name of a nominee for the depository, The Depository Trust
Company ("DTC" ).
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the laws of the State
of New York, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a "clearing corporation"
within the meaning of the Uniform Commercial Code ("UCC") and a "clearing
agency" registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. DTC was created to hold securities for its
participating organizations ("PARTICIPANTS") and facilitate the clearance and
settlement of securities transactions between Participants through electronic
book-entry changes in their accounts, thereby eliminating the need for
physical movement of certificates. Participants include securities brokers and
dealers, banks, trust companies and clearing corporations and may include
certain other organizations. Indirect access to the DTC system also is
available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that
clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a Participant, either
directly or indirectly ("INDIRECT PARTICIPANTS").
Investors that are not Participants or Indirect Participants but desire to
purchase, sell or otherwise transfer ownership of, or other interests in,
Book-Entry Securities may do so only through Participants and Indirect
Participants or in such other manner as is provided for in the related
Prospectus Supplement. In addition, such investors ("SECURITY OWNERS") will
receive all distributions on the Book-Entry Securities through DTC and its
Participants. Under a book-entry format, Security Owners will receive payments
after the related Distribution Date because, while payments are required to be
forwarded to Cede & Co., as nominee for DTC ("CEDE"), on each such date, DTC
will forward such payments to its Participants which thereafter will be
required to forward them to Indirect Participants or Security Owners. The only
"Securityholder" (as such term is used in the Agreement or Indenture, as
applicable) will be Cede, as nominee of DTC or such other entity specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, and the Security Owners will not be
recognized by the Trustee as Securityholders under the Agreement or Indenture,
as applicable. Security Owners will be permitted to exercise the rights of
Securityholders under the related Agreement or Indenture, as applicable, only
indirectly through the Participants who in turn will exercise their rights
through DTC.
Under the rules, regulations and procedures creating and affecting DTC and
its operations, DTC is required to make book-entry transfers among
Participants on whose behalf it acts with respect to the Book-Entry Securities
and is required to receive and transmit distributions of
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principal of and interest on the Book-Entry Securities. Participants and
Indirect Participants with which Security Owners have accounts with respect to
the Book-Entry Securities similarly are required to make book-entry transfers
and receive and transmit such payments on behalf of their respective Security
Owners.
Because DTC can act only on behalf of Participants, who in turn act on
behalf of Indirect Participants and certain banks, the ability of a Security
Owner to pledge its interest in the Book-Entry Securities to persons or
entities that do not participate in the DTC system, or otherwise take actions
in respect of its interest in the Book-Entry Securities, may be limited due to
the lack of a physical certificate evidencing such interest.
DTC has advised the Depositor that it will take any action permitted to be
taken by a Securityholder under an Agreement only at the direction of one or
more Participants to whose account with DTC interests in the Book-Entry
Securities are credited.
Securities initially issued in book-entry form will be issued as Definitive
Securities to Security Owners or their nominees, rather than to DTC or its
nominee only (i) if the Depositor advises the Trustee in writing that DTC is
no longer willing or able to properly discharge its responsibilities as
depository with respect to the Securities and the Depositor is unable to
locate a qualified successor, (ii) if the Depositor, at its option, elects to
terminate the book-entry system through DTC or (iii) in accordance with such
other provisions described in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Upon the occurrence of either of the events described in the immediately
preceding paragraph, DTC is required to notify all Participants of the
availability through DTC of Definitive Securities for the Security Owners.
Upon surrender by DTC of the certificate or certificates representing the
Book-Entry Securities, together with instructions for registration, the
Trustee will issue (or cause to be issued) to the Security Owners identified
in such instructions the Definitive Securities to which they are entitled, and
thereafter the Trustee will recognize the holders of such Definitive
Securities as Securityholders under the Agreement.
None of the Depositor, any Master Servicer, any Servicer, the Trustee, or
any of their affiliates will have any responsibility for any aspect of the
records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership
interests of the Book-Entry Securities or for maintaining, supervising or
reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.
DESCRIPTION OF THE AGREEMENTS
AGREEMENTS APPLICABLE TO A SERIES
REMIC Securities, Grantor Trust Securities
Securities representing interests in a Trust Fund, or a portion thereof,
that the Trustee will elect to have treated as a real estate mortgage
investment conduit under Sections 860A through 860G of the Code ("REMIC
SECURITIES" ), or Grantor Trust Securities will be issued, and the related
Trust Fund will be created, pursuant to a pooling and servicing agreement or
trust agreement (each, a "POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENT" ) among the
Depositor, the Trustee and the sole Servicer or Master Servicer, as
applicable. The Assets of such Trust Fund will be transferred to the Trust
Fund and thereafter serviced in accordance with the terms of the Pooling and
Servicing Agreement. In the event there are multiple Servicers of the Assets
of such Trust Fund, or in the event the Securities consist of Notes, each
Servicer will perform such servicing functions pursuant to a related servicing
agreement (each, an "UNDERLYING SERVICING AGREEMENT" ).
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Securities That Are Partnership Interests for Tax Purposes and Notes
Securities that are partnership interests for tax purposes will be issued,
and the related Trust Fund will be created, pursuant to a Pooling and
Servicing Agreement.
A series of Notes issued by a Trust Fund will be issued pursuant to an
indenture (the "INDENTURE" ) between the related Trust Fund and an indenture
trustee (the "INDENTURE TRUSTEE" ) named in the related Prospectus Supplement.
The Trust Fund will be established pursuant to a deposit trust agreement
(each, a "DEPOSIT TRUST AGREEMENT" ) between the Depositor and an owner
trustee specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to such series of
Notes. The Assets securing payment on the Notes will be serviced in accordance
with an Underlying Servicing Agreement.
MATERIAL TERMS OF THE POOLING AND SERVICING AGREEMENTS AND UNDERLYING
SERVICING AGREEMENTS
General
The following summaries describe the material provisions that may appear in
each Pooling and Servicing Agreement and Underlying Servicing Agreement (each
an "AGREEMENT" ). The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will
describe any provision of the Agreement relating to such series that
materially differs from the description thereof contained in this Prospectus.
The summaries do not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are
qualified by reference to, all of the provisions of the Agreement for each
Trust Fund and the description of such provisions in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The provisions of each Agreement will vary depending upon the
nature of the Securities to be issued thereunder and the nature of the related
Trust Fund. As used herein with respect to any series, the term "SECURITY"
refers to all of the Securities of that series, whether or not offered hereby
and by the related Prospectus Supplement, unless the context otherwise
requires. A form of a Pooling and Servicing Agreement has been filed as an
exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part. The
Depositor will provide a copy of the Pooling and Servicing Agreement (without
exhibits) relating to any series of Securities without charge upon written
request of a Securityholder of such series addressed to ACE Securities Corp.,
6707 Fairview Road, Suite D, Charlotte, North Carolina 28210, Attention:
Elizabeth S. Eldridge.
The Servicers, any Master Servicer and the Trustee with respect to any
series of Securities will be named in the related Prospectus Supplement. In
the event there are multiple Servicers for the Assets in a Trust Fund, a
Master Servicer will perform certain administration, calculation and reporting
functions with respect to such Trust Fund and will supervise the related
Servicers pursuant to a Pooling and Servicing Agreement. With respect to
series involving a Master Servicer, references in this Prospectus to the
Servicer will apply to the Master Servicer where non-servicing obligations are
described. If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a manager or
administrator may be appointed pursuant to the Pooling and Servicing Agreement
for any Trust Fund to administer such Trust Fund.
Assignment of Assets; Repurchases
At the time of issuance of any series of Securities, the Depositor will
assign (or cause to be assigned) to the designated Trustee the Assets to be
included in the related Trust Fund, together with all principal and interest
to be received on or with respect to such Assets after the Cut-off Date, other
than principal and interest due on or before the Cut-off Date and other than
any Retained Interest. The Trustee will, concurrently with such assignment,
deliver the Securities to the Depositor in exchange for the Assets and the
other assets comprising the Trust Fund for such series. Each Asset will be
identified in a schedule appearing as an exhibit to the related
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Agreement. Such schedule will include detailed information to the extent
available and relevant (i) in respect of each Mortgage Loan included in the
related Trust Fund, including without limitation, the city and state of the
related Mortgaged Property and type of such property, the Mortgage Rate and,
if applicable, the applicable index, margin, adjustment date and any rate cap
information, the original and remaining term to maturity, the original and
outstanding principal balance and balloon payment, if any, the Loan-to-Value
Ratio as of the date indicated and payment and prepayment provisions, if
applicable; and (ii) in respect of each Mortgage Security and Agency Security,
the original and outstanding principal amount, if any, and the pass-through
rate thereon.
With respect to each Mortgage Loan, except as otherwise specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will deliver or cause to be
delivered to the Trustee (or to the custodian hereinafter referred to) certain
loan documents, which will generally include the original Mortgage Note
endorsed, without recourse, in blank or to the order of the Trustee, the
original Mortgage (or a certified copy thereof) with evidence of recording
indicated thereon and an assignment of the Mortgage to the Trustee in
recordable form. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Trust Fund may include
Mortgage Loans where the original Mortgage Note is not delivered to the
Trustee if the Depositor delivers to the Trustee or the custodian a copy or a
duplicate original of the Mortgage Note, together with an affidavit certifying
that the original thereof has been lost or destroyed. With respect to such
Mortgage Loans, the Trustee (or its nominee) may not be able to enforce the
Mortgage Note against the related borrower. The Asset Seller or other entity
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement will be required to agree to
repurchase, or substitute for, each such Mortgage Loan that is subsequently in
default if the enforcement thereof or of the related Mortgage is materially
adversely affected by the absence of the original Mortgage Note. The related
Agreement will generally require the Depositor or another party specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement to promptly cause each such assignment of
Mortgage to be recorded in the appropriate public office for real property
records, except in the State of California or in other states where, in the
opinion of counsel acceptable to the Trustee, such recording is not required
to protect the Trustee's interest in the related Mortgage Loan against the
claim of any subsequent transferee or any successor to or creditor of the
Depositor, the Servicer, the relevant Asset Seller or any other prior holder
of the Mortgage Loan.
The Trustee (or a custodian) will review such Mortgage Loan documents within
a specified period of days after receipt thereof, and the Trustee (or a
custodian) will hold such documents in trust for the benefit of the
Securityholders. If any such document is found to be missing or defective in
any material respect, the Trustee (or such custodian) shall immediately notify
the Servicer and the Depositor, and the Servicer shall immediately notify the
relevant Asset Seller or other entity specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement. If the Asset Seller cannot cure the omission or defect within a
specified number of days after receipt of such notice, then the Asset Seller
or other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement will be
obligated, within a specified number of days of receipt of such notice, to
repurchase the related Mortgage Loan from the Trustee at a price equal to the
sum of the unpaid principal balance thereof, plus unpaid accrued interest at
the interest rate for such Asset from the date as to which interest was last
paid to the due date in the Due Period in which the relevant purchase is to
occur, plus certain servicing expenses that are payable to the Servicer or
such other price as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement (the
"PURCHASE PRICE") or substitute for such Mortgage Loan. There can be no
assurance that an Asset Seller or other named entity will fulfill this
repurchase or substitution obligation, and neither the Servicer nor the
Depositor will be obligated to repurchase or substitute for such Mortgage Loan
if the Asset Seller or other named entity defaults on its obligation. This
repurchase or substitution obligation constitutes the sole remedy available to
the Securityholders or the Trustee for omission of, or a material defect in, a
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constituent document. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, in lieu of curing any omission or defect in the Asset or
repurchasing or substituting for such Asset, the Asset Seller or other named
entity may agree to cover any losses suffered by the Trust Fund as a result of
such breach or defect.
Notwithstanding the preceding two paragraphs, the documents with respect to
Home Equity Loans will be delivered to the Trustee (or a custodian) only to
the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. Generally such
documents will be retained by the Servicer, which may also be the Asset
Seller. In addition, assignments of the related Mortgages to the Trustee will
be recorded only to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities will be registered in the name of
the Trustee or its nominee on the books of the issuer or guarantor or its
agent or, in the case of Mortgage Securities and Agency Securities issued only
in book-entry form, through the depository with respect thereto, in accordance
with the procedures established by the issuer or guarantor for registration of
such certificates, and distributions on such securities to which the Trust
Fund is entitled will be made directly to the Trustee.
Representations and Warranties; Repurchases
To the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement the Depositor
will, with respect to each Asset, assign certain representations and
warranties, as of a specified date (the person making such representations and
warranties, the "WARRANTING PARTY") covering, by way of example, the following
types of matters: (i) the accuracy of the information set forth for such Asset
on the schedule of Assets appearing as an exhibit to the related Agreement;
(ii) in the case of a Mortgage Loan, the existence of title insurance insuring
the lien priority of the Mortgage Loan; (iii) the authority of the Warranting
Party to sell the Asset; (iv) the payment status of the Asset; (v) in the case
of a Mortgage Loan, the existence of customary provisions in the related
Mortgage Note and Mortgage to permit realization against the Mortgaged
Property of the benefit of the security of the Mortgage; and (vi) the
existence of hazard and extended perils insurance coverage on the Mortgaged
Property.
Any Warranting Party shall be an Asset Seller or an affiliate thereof or
such other person acceptable to the Depositor and shall be identified in the
related Prospectus Supplement.
Representations and warranties made in respect of an Asset may have been
made as of a date prior to the applicable Cut-off Date. A substantial period
of time may have elapsed between such date and the date of initial issuance of
the related series of Securities evidencing an interest in such Asset. In the
event of a breach of any such representation or warranty, the Warranting Party
will be obligated to reimburse the Trust Fund for losses caused by any such
breach or either cure such breach or repurchase or replace the affected Asset
as described below. Since the representations and warranties may not address
events that may occur following the date as of which they were made, the
Warranting Party will have a reimbursement, cure, repurchase or substitution
obligation in connection with a breach of such a representation and warranty
only if the relevant event that causes such breach occurs prior to such date.
Such party would have no such obligations if the relevant event that causes
such breach occurs after such date.
Each Agreement will provide that the Servicer and/or Trustee or such other
entity identified in the related Prospectus Supplement will be required to
notify promptly the relevant Warranting Party of any breach of any
representation or warranty made by it in respect of an Asset that materially
and adversely affects the value of such Asset or the interests therein of the
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Securityholders. If such Warranting Party cannot cure such breach within a
specified period following the date on which such party was notified of such
breach, then such Warranting Party will be obligated to repurchase such Asset
from the Trustee within a specified period from the date on which the
Warranting Party was notified of such breach, at the Purchase Price therefor.
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series, a Warranting Party,
rather than repurchase an Asset as to which a breach has occurred, will have
the option, within a specified period after initial issuance of such series of
Securities, to cause the removal of such Asset from the Trust Fund and
substitute in its place one or more other Assets, as applicable, in accordance
with the standards described in the related Prospectus Supplement. If so
provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series, a Warranting Party, rather
than repurchase or substitute an Asset as to which a breach has occurred, will
have the option to reimburse the Trust Fund or the Securityholders for any
losses caused by such breach. This reimbursement, repurchase or substitution
obligation will constitute the sole remedy available to Securityholders or the
Trustee for a breach of representation by a Warranting Party.
Neither the Depositor (except to the extent that it is the Warranting Party)
nor the Servicer will be obligated to purchase or substitute for an Asset if a
Warranting Party defaults on its obligation to do so, and no assurance can be
given that Warranting Parties will carry out such obligations with respect to
the Assets.
A Servicer will make certain representations and warranties regarding its
authority to enter into, and its ability to perform its obligations under, the
related Agreement. A breach of any such representation of the Servicer which
materially and adversely affects the interests of the Securityholders and
which continues unremedied for the number of days specified in the Agreement
after the giving of written notice of such breach to the Servicer by the
Trustee or the Depositor, or to the Servicer, the Depositor and the Trustee by
the holders of Securities evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights or
such other percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, will
constitute an Event of Default under such Agreement. See "Events of Default"
and "Rights Upon Event of Default."
Collection Account and Related Accounts
General. The Servicer and/or the Trustee will, as to each Trust Fund,
establish and maintain or cause to be established and maintained one or more
separate accounts for the collection of payments on the related Assets
(collectively, the "COLLECTION ACCOUNT"), which must be either (i) an account
or accounts the deposits in which are insured by the Bank Insurance Fund or
the Savings Association Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation ("FDIC") (to the limits established by the FDIC) and the uninsured
deposits in which are otherwise secured such that the Securityholders have a
claim with respect to the funds in the Collection Account or a perfected first
priority security interest against any collateral securing such funds that is
superior to the claims of any other depositors or general creditors of the
institution with which the Collection Account is maintained or (ii) otherwise
maintained with a bank or trust company, and in a manner, satisfactory to the
Rating Agency or Agencies rating any class of Securities of such series. The
collateral eligible to secure amounts in the Collection Account is limited to
United States government securities and other investment grade obligations
specified in the Agreement ("PERMITTED INVESTMENTS"). A Collection Account may
be maintained as an interest bearing or a non-interest bearing account and the
funds held therein may be invested pending each succeeding Distribution Date
in certain short-term Permitted Investments. Any interest or other income
earned on funds in the Collection Account will, unless otherwise specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, be paid to the Servicer or its designee as
additional servicing compensation. The Collection Account may be maintained
with an institution that is an affiliate of the Servicer, if applicable,
provided that such institution meets the standards imposed by the Rating
Agency or Agencies. If permitted by the Rating
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Agency or Agencies, a Collection Account may contain funds relating to more
than one series of mortgage pass-through certificates and may contain other
funds respecting payments on mortgage loans belonging to the Servicer or
serviced or master serviced by it on behalf of others.
Deposits. A Servicer or the Trustee will deposit or cause to be deposited in
the Collection Account for one or more Trust Funds on a daily basis, or such
other period provided in the related Agreement, the following payments and
collections received, or advances made, by the Servicer or the Trustee or on
its behalf subsequent to the Cut-off Date (other than payments due on or
before the Cut-off Date, and exclusive of any amounts representing a Retained
Interest):
(i) all payments on account of principal, including principal
prepayments, on the Assets;
(ii) all payments on account of interest on the Assets, including any
default interest collected, in each case net of any portion thereof
retained by a Servicer as its servicing compensation and net of any
Retained Interest;
(iii) Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds, together with the net
proceeds on a monthly basis with respect to any Assets acquired for the
benefit of Securityholders;
(iv) any amounts paid under any instrument or drawn from any fund that
constitutes Credit Support for the related series of Securities as
described under "Description of Credit Support";
(v) any advances made as described under "Description of the Securities--
Advances in Respect of Delinquencies";
(vi) any amounts paid under any Cash Flow Agreement, as described under
"Description of the Trust Funds--Cash Flow Agreements";
(vii) all proceeds of any Asset or, with respect to a Mortgage Loan,
property acquired in respect thereof purchased by the Depositor, any Asset
Seller or any other specified person as described under "Assignment of
Assets; Repurchases" and "Representations and Warranties; Repurchases," all
proceeds of any defaulted Mortgage Loan purchased as described under
"Realization Upon Defaulted Assets," and all proceeds of any Asset
purchased as described under "Description of the Securities--Termination";
(viii) any amounts paid by a Servicer to cover certain interest
shortfalls arising out of the prepayment of Assets in the Trust Fund as
described under "Description of the Agreements--Retained Interest;
Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses";
(ix) to the extent that any such item does not constitute additional
servicing compensation to a Servicer, any payments on account of
modification or assumption fees, late payment charges or Prepayment
Premiums on the Assets;
(x) all payments required to be deposited in the Collection Account with
respect to any deductible clause in any blanket insurance policy described
under "Hazard Insurance Policies";
(xi) any amount required to be deposited by a Servicer or the Trustee in
connection with losses realized on investments for the benefit of the
Servicer or the Trustee, as the case may be, of funds held in the
Collection Account; and
(xii) any other amounts required to be deposited in the Collection
Account as provided in the related Agreement and described in the related
Prospectus Supplement.
Withdrawals. A Servicer or the Trustee may, from time to time, make
withdrawals from the Collection Account for each Trust Fund for any of the
following purposes:
(i) to make distributions to the Securityholders on each Distribution
Date;
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(ii) to reimburse a Servicer for unreimbursed amounts advanced as
described under "Description of the Securities--Advances in Respect of
Delinquencies," such reimbursement to be made out of amounts received which
were identified and applied by the Servicer as late collections of interest
(net of related servicing fees and Retained Interest) on and principal of
the particular Assets with respect to which the advances were made or out
of amounts drawn under any form of Credit Support with respect to such
Assets;
(iii) to reimburse a Servicer for unpaid servicing fees earned and
certain unreimbursed servicing expenses incurred with respect to Assets and
properties acquired in respect thereof, such reimbursement to be made out
of amounts that represent Liquidation Proceeds and Insurance Proceeds
collected on the particular Assets and properties, and net income collected
on the particular properties, with respect to which such fees were earned
or such expenses were incurred or out of amounts drawn under any form of
Credit Support with respect to such Assets and properties;
(iv) to reimburse a Servicer for any advances described in clause (ii)
above and any servicing expenses described in clause (iii) above which, in
the Servicer's good faith judgment, will not be recoverable from the
amounts described in clauses (ii) and (iii), respectively, such
reimbursement to be made from amounts collected on other Assets or, if and
to the extent so provided by the related Agreement and described in the
related Prospectus Supplement, just from that portion of amounts collected
on other Assets that is otherwise distributable on one or more classes of
Subordinate Securities, if any, remain outstanding, and otherwise any
outstanding class of Securities, of the related series;
(v) if and to the extent described in the related Prospectus Supplement,
to pay a Servicer interest accrued on the advances described in clause (ii)
above and the servicing expenses described in clause (iii) above while such
advances and servicing expenses remain outstanding and unreimbursed;
(vi) to reimburse a Servicer, the Depositor, or any of their respective
directors, officers, employees and agents, as the case may be, for certain
expenses, costs and liabilities incurred thereby, as and to the extent
described under "Certain Matters Regarding Servicers, the Master Servicer
and the Depositor";
(vii) if and to the extent described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, to pay (or to transfer to a separate account for purposes of
escrowing for the payment of) the Trustee's fees;
(viii) to reimburse the Trustee or any of its directors, officers,
employees and agents, as the case may be, for certain expenses, costs and
liabilities incurred thereby, as and to the extent described under "Certain
Matters Regarding the Trustee";
(ix) to pay a Servicer, as additional servicing compensation, interest
and investment income earned in respect of amounts held in the Collection
Account;
(x) to pay the person entitled thereto any amounts deposited in the
Collection Account that were identified and applied by the Servicer as
recoveries of Retained Interest;
(xi) to pay for costs reasonably incurred in connection with the proper
management and maintenance of any Mortgaged Property acquired for the
benefit of Securityholders by foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure
or otherwise, such payments to be made out of income received on such
property;
(xii) if one or more elections have been made to treat the Trust Fund or
designated portions thereof as a REMIC, to pay any federal, state or local
taxes imposed on the Trust Fund or its assets or transactions, as and to
the extent described under "Federal Income Tax Consequences--REMICs--Taxes
That May Be Imposed on the REMIC Pool" or in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, respectively;
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(xiii) to pay for the cost of an independent appraiser or other expert in
real estate matters retained to determine a fair sale price for a defaulted
Mortgage Loan or a property acquired in respect thereof in connection with
the liquidation of such Mortgage Loan or property;
(xiv) to pay for the cost of various opinions of counsel obtained
pursuant to the related Agreement for the benefit of Securityholders;
(xv) to pay for the costs of recording the related Agreement if such
recordation materially and beneficially affects the interests of
Securityholders, provided that such payment shall not constitute a waiver
with respect to the obligation of the Warranting Party to remedy any breach
of representation or warranty under the Agreement;
(xvi) to pay the person entitled thereto any amounts deposited in the
Collection Account in error, including amounts received on any Asset after
its removal from the Trust Fund whether by reason of purchase or
substitution as contemplated by "Assignment of Assets; Repurchase" and
"Representations and Warranties; Repurchases" or otherwise;
(xvii) to make any other withdrawals permitted by the related Agreement;
and
(xviii) to clear and terminate the Collection Account at the termination
of the Trust Fund.
Other Collection Accounts. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if so specified in
the related Prospectus Supplement, the Agreement for any series of Securities
may provide for the establishment and maintenance of a separate collection
account into which the Servicer will deposit on a daily basis, or such other
period provided in the related Agreement, the amounts described under "--
Deposits" above for one or more series of Securities. Any amounts on deposit
in any such collection account will be withdrawn therefrom and deposited into
the appropriate Collection Account by a time specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, any amounts which could be withdrawn from the Collection Account
as described under "--Withdrawals" above, may also be withdrawn from any such
collection account. The Prospectus Supplement will set forth any restrictions
with respect to any such collection account, including investment restrictions
and any restrictions with respect to financial institutions with which any
such collection account may be maintained.
The Servicer will establish and maintain with the Indenture Trustee an
account, in the name of the Indenture Trustee on behalf of the holders of
Notes, into which amounts released from the Collection Account for
distribution to the holders of Notes will be deposited and from which all
distributions to the holders of Notes will be made.
Collection and Other Servicing Procedures. The Servicer is required to make
reasonable efforts to collect all scheduled payments under the Assets and will
follow or cause to be followed such collection procedures as it would follow
with respect to assets that are comparable to the Assets and held for its own
account, provided such procedures are consistent with (i) the terms of the
related Agreement and any related hazard insurance policy or instrument of
Credit Support, if any, included in the related Trust Fund described herein or
under "Description of Credit Support," (ii) applicable law and (iii) the
general servicing standard specified in the related Prospectus Supplement or,
if no such standard is so specified, its normal servicing practices (in either
case, the "SERVICING STANDARD"). In connection therewith, the Servicer will be
permitted in its discretion to waive any late payment charge or penalty
interest in respect of a late payment on an Asset.
Each Servicer will also be required to perform other customary functions of
a servicer of comparable assets, including maintaining hazard insurance
policies as described herein and in any related Prospectus Supplement, and
filing and settling claims thereunder; maintaining, to
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the extent required by the Agreement, escrow or impoundment accounts of
obligors for payment of taxes, insurance and other items required to be paid by
any obligor pursuant to the terms of the Assets; processing assumptions or
substitutions in those cases where the Servicer has determined not to enforce
any applicable due-on-sale clause; attempting to cure delinquencies;
supervising foreclosures or repossessions; inspecting and managing Mortgaged
Properties under certain circumstances; and maintaining accounting records
relating to the Assets. The Servicer or such other entity specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement will be responsible for filing and settling
claims in respect of particular Assets under any applicable instrument of
Credit Support. See "Description of Credit Support."
The Servicer may agree to modify, waive or amend any term of any Asset in a
manner consistent with the Servicing Standard so long as the modification,
waiver or amendment will not (i) affect the amount or timing of any scheduled
payments of principal or interest on the Asset or (ii) in its judgment,
materially impair the security for the Asset or reduce the likelihood of timely
payment of amounts due thereon. The Servicer also may agree to any
modification, waiver or amendment that would so affect or impair the payments
on, or the security for, an Asset if (i) in its judgment, a material default on
the Asset has occurred or a payment default is reasonably foreseeable and (ii)
in its judgment, such modification, waiver or amendment is reasonably likely to
produce a greater recovery with respect to the Asset on a present value basis
than would liquidation. The Servicer is required to notify the Trustee in the
event of any modification, waiver or amendment of any Asset.
Realization Upon Defaulted Assets
Generally, the Servicer is required to monitor any Assets which is in
default, initiate corrective action in cooperation with the mortgagor or
obligor if cure is likely, inspect the Asset and take such other actions as are
consistent with the Servicing Standard. A significant period of time may elapse
before the Servicer is able to assess the success of such corrective action or
the need for additional initiatives.
Any Agreement relating to a Trust Fund that includes Mortgage Loans may grant
to the Servicer and/or the holder or holders of certain classes of Securities a
right of first refusal to purchase from the Trust Fund at a predetermined
purchase price any such Mortgage Loan as to which a specified number of
scheduled payments thereunder are delinquent. Any such right granted to the
holder of an Offered Security will be described in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The related Prospectus Supplement will also describe any such right
granted to any person if the predetermined purchase price is less than the
Purchase Price described under "Representations and Warranties; Repurchases."
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Servicer may offer
to sell any defaulted Mortgage Loan described in the preceding paragraph and
not otherwise purchased by any person having a right of first refusal with
respect thereto, if and when the Servicer determines, consistent with the
Servicing Standard, that such a sale would produce a greater recovery on a
present value basis than would liquidation through foreclosure, repossession or
similar proceedings. The related Agreement will provide that any such offering
be made in a commercially reasonable manner for a specified period and that the
Servicer accept the highest cash bid received from any person (including
itself, an affiliate of the Servicer or any Securityholder) that constitutes a
fair price for such defaulted Mortgage Loan. In the absence of any bid
determined in accordance with the related Agreement to be fair, the Servicer
shall proceed with respect to such defaulted Mortgage Loan as described below.
Any bid in an amount at least equal to the Purchase Price described under
"Representations and Warranties; Repurchases" will in all cases be deemed fair.
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The Servicer, on behalf of the Trustee, may at any time institute
foreclosure proceedings, exercise any power of sale contained in any mortgage,
obtain a deed in lieu of foreclosure, or otherwise acquire title to a
Mortgaged Property securing a Mortgage Loan by operation of law or otherwise,
if such action is consistent with the Servicing Standard and a default on such
Mortgage Loan has occurred or, in the Servicer's judgment, is imminent.
If title to any Mortgaged Property is acquired by a Trust Fund as to which a
REMIC election has been made, the Servicer, on behalf of the Trust Fund, will
be required to sell the Mortgaged Property within two years of acquisition,
unless (i) the Internal Revenue Service grants an extension of time to sell
such property or (ii) the Trustee receives an opinion of independent counsel
to the effect that the holding of the property by the Trust Fund subsequent to
two years after its acquisition will not result in the imposition of a tax on
the Trust Fund or cause the Trust Fund to fail to qualify as a REMIC under the
Code at any time that any Securities are outstanding. Subject to the
foregoing, the Servicer will be required to (i) solicit bids for any Mortgaged
Property so acquired in such a manner as will be reasonably likely to realize
a fair price for such property and (ii) accept the first (and, if multiple
bids are contemporaneously received, the highest) cash bid received from any
person that constitutes a fair price.
The limitations imposed by the related Agreement and the REMIC provisions of
the Code (if a REMIC election has been made with respect to the related Trust
Fund) on the ownership and management of any Mortgaged Property acquired on
behalf of the Trust Fund may result in the recovery of an amount less than the
amount that would otherwise be recovered. See "Certain Legal Aspects of
Mortgage Loans--Foreclosure."
If recovery on a defaulted Asset under any related instrument of Credit
Support is not available, the Servicer nevertheless will be obligated to
follow or cause to be followed such normal practices and procedures as it
deems necessary or advisable to realize upon the defaulted Asset. If the
proceeds of any liquidation of the property securing the defaulted Asset are
less than the outstanding principal balance of the defaulted Asset plus
interest accrued thereon at the applicable interest rate, plus the aggregate
amount of expenses incurred by the Servicer in connection with such
proceedings and which are reimbursable under the Agreement, the Trust Fund
will realize a loss in the amount of such difference. The Servicer will be
entitled to withdraw or cause to be withdrawn from the Collection Account out
of the Liquidation Proceeds recovered on any defaulted Asset, prior to the
distribution of such Liquidation Proceeds to Securityholders, amounts
representing its normal servicing compensation on the Security, unreimbursed
servicing expenses incurred with respect to the Asset and any unreimbursed
advances of delinquent payments made with respect to the Asset.
If any property securing a defaulted Asset is damaged the Servicer is not
required to expend its own funds to restore the damaged property unless it
determines (i) that such restoration will increase the proceeds to
Securityholders on liquidation of the Asset after reimbursement of the
Servicer for its expenses and (ii) that such expenses will be recoverable by
it from related Insurance Proceeds or Liquidation Proceeds.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement will require the Trustee, if it has not
received a distribution with respect to any Mortgage Security or Agency
Security by the fifth business day after the date on which such distribution
was due and payable pursuant to the terms of such Agency Security, to request
the issuer or guarantor, if any, of such Mortgage Security or Agency Security
to make such payment as promptly as possible and legally permitted to take
such legal action against such issuer or guarantor as the Trustee deems
appropriate under the circumstances, including the prosecution of any claims
in connection therewith. The reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred by
the Trustee in connection with the prosecution of any such legal action will
be reimbursable to the Trustee out of the proceeds of any such action and will
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be retained by the Trustee prior to the deposit of any remaining proceeds in
the Collection Account pending distribution thereof to Securityholders of the
related series. In the event that the proceeds of any such legal action may be
insufficient to reimburse the Trustee for its legal fees and expenses, the
Trustee will be entitled to withdraw from the Collection Account an amount
equal to such expenses incurred by it, in which event the Trust Fund may
realize a loss up to the amount so charged.
As servicer of the Assets, a Servicer, on behalf of itself, the Trustee and
the Securityholders, will present claims to the obligor under each instrument
of Credit Support, and will take such reasonable steps as are necessary to
receive payment or to permit recovery thereunder with respect to defaulted
Assets.
If a Servicer or its designee recovers payments under any instrument of
Credit Support with respect to any defaulted Assets, the Servicer will be
entitled to withdraw or cause to be withdrawn from the Collection Account out
of such proceeds, prior to distribution thereof to Securityholders, amounts
representing its normal servicing compensation on such Asset, unreimbursed
servicing expenses incurred with respect to the Asset and any unreimbursed
advances of delinquent payments made with respect to the Asset. See "Hazard
Insurance Policies" and "Description of Credit Support."
Hazard Insurance Policies
Mortgage Loans. Generally, each Agreement for a Trust Fund comprised of
Mortgage Loans will require the Servicer to cause the mortgagor on each
Mortgage Loan to maintain a hazard insurance policy providing for such
coverage as is required under the related Mortgage or, if any Mortgage permits
the holder thereof to dictate to the mortgagor the insurance coverage to be
maintained on the related Mortgaged Property, then such coverage as is
consistent with the Servicing Standard. Such coverage will be in general in an
amount equal to the lesser of the principal balance owing on such Mortgage
Loan (but not less than the amount necessary to avoid the application of any
co-insurance clause contained in the hazard insurance policy) and the amount
necessary to fully compensate for any damage or loss to the improvements on
the Mortgaged Property on a replacement cost basis or such other amount
specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The ability of the Servicer to
assure that hazard insurance proceeds are appropriately applied may be
dependent upon its being named as an additional insured under any hazard
insurance policy and under any other insurance policy referred to below, or
upon the extent to which information in this regard is furnished by
mortgagors. All amounts collected by the Servicer under any such policy
(except for amounts to be applied to the restoration or repair of the
Mortgaged Property or released to the mortgagor in accordance with the
Servicer's normal servicing procedures, subject to the terms and conditions of
the related Mortgage and Mortgage Note) will be deposited in the Collection
Account. The Agreement may provide that the Servicer may satisfy its
obligation to cause each mortgagor to maintain such a hazard insurance policy
by the Servicer's maintaining a blanket policy insuring against hazard losses
on the Mortgage Loans. If such blanket policy contains a deductible clause,
the Servicer will be required to deposit in the Collection Account all sums
that would have been deposited therein but for such clause.
In general, the standard form of fire and extended coverage policy covers
physical damage to or destruction of the improvements of the property by fire,
lightning, explosion, smoke, windstorm and hail, and riot, strike and civil
commotion, subject to the conditions and exclusions specified in each policy.
Although the policies relating to the Mortgage Loans will be underwritten by
different insurers under different state laws in accordance with different
applicable state forms, and therefore will not contain identical terms and
conditions, the basic terms thereof are dictated by respective state laws, and
most such policies typically do not
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cover any physical damage resulting from war, revolution, governmental
actions, floods and other water-related causes, earth movement (including
earthquakes, landslides and mudflows), wet or dry rot, vermin, domestic
animals and certain other kinds of uninsured risks.
The hazard insurance policies covering the Mortgaged Properties securing the
Mortgage Loans will typically contain a coinsurance clause that in effect
requires the insured at all times to carry insurance of a specified percentage
(generally 80% to 90%) of the full replacement value of the improvements on
the property in order to recover the full amount of any partial loss. If the
insured's coverage falls below this specified percentage, such clause
generally provides that the insurer's liability in the event of partial loss
does not exceed the lesser of (i) the replacement cost of the improvements
less physical depreciation and (ii) such proportion of the loss as the amount
of insurance carried bears to the specified percentage of the full replacement
cost of such improvements.
Each Agreement for a Trust Fund comprised of Mortgage Loans will require the
Servicer to cause the mortgagor on each Mortgage Loan to maintain all such
other insurance coverage with respect to the related Mortgaged Property as is
consistent with the terms of the related Mortgage and the Servicing Standard,
which insurance may typically include flood insurance (if the related
Mortgaged Property was located at the time of origination in a federally
designated flood area).
Any cost incurred by the Servicer in maintaining any such insurance policy
will be added to the amount owing under the Mortgage Loan where the terms of
the Mortgage Loan so permit; provided, however, that the addition of such cost
will not be taken into account for purposes of calculating the distribution to
be made to Securityholders. Such costs may be recovered by the Servicer from
the Collection Account, with interest thereon, as provided by the Agreement.
Under the terms of the Mortgage Loans, mortgagors will generally be required
to present claims to insurers under hazard insurance policies maintained on
the related Mortgaged Properties. The Servicer, on behalf of the Trustee and
Securityholders, is obligated to present or cause to be presented claims under
any blanket insurance policy insuring against hazard losses on Mortgaged
Properties securing the Mortgage Loans. However, the ability of the Servicer
to present or cause to be presented such claims is dependent upon the extent
to which information in this regard is furnished to the Servicer by
mortgagors.
FHA Insurance and VA Guarantees
FHA Loans will be insured by the FHA as authorized under the Housing Act.
Certain FHA Loans will be insured under various FHA programs including the
standard FHA 203(b) program to finance the acquisition of one- to four-family
housing units, the FHA 245 graduated payment mortgage program and the FHA
Title I Program. These programs generally limit the principal amount and
interest rates of the mortgage loans insured. The Prospectus Supplement for
Securities of each series evidencing interests in a Trust Fund including FHA
Loans will set forth additional information regarding the regulations
governing the applicable FHA insurance programs. Except as otherwise specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the following describes FHA insurance
programs and regulations as generally in effect with respect to FHA Loans.
The insurance premiums for FHA Loans are collected by lenders approved by
the Department of Housing and Urban Development ("HUD") or by the Servicer and
are paid to the FHA. The regulations governing FHA single-family mortgage
insurance programs provide that insurance benefits are payable either upon
foreclosure (or other acquisition of possession) and conveyance of the
mortgaged premises to the United States of America or upon assignment of
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the defaulted loan to the United States of America. With respect to a
defaulted FHA Loan, the Servicer is limited in its ability to initiate
foreclosure proceedings. When it is determined, either by the Servicer or HUD,
that default was caused by circumstances beyond the mortgagor's control, the
Servicer is expected to make an effort to avoid foreclosure by entering, if
feasible, into one of a number of available forms of forbearance plans with
the mortgagor. Such plans may involve the reduction or suspension of regular
mortgage payments for a specified period, with such payments to be made upon
or before the maturity date of the mortgage, or the recasting of payments due
under the mortgage up to or, other than FHA Loans originated under the FHA
Title I Program, beyond the maturity date. In addition, when a default caused
by such circumstances is accompanied by certain other criteria, HUD may
provide relief by making payments to the Servicer in partial or full
satisfaction of amounts due under the FHA Loan (which payments are to be
repaid by the mortgagor to HUD) or by accepting assignment of the loan from
the Servicer. With certain exceptions, at least three full monthly
installments must be due and unpaid under the FHA Loan, and HUD must have
rejected any request for relief from the mortgagor before the Servicer may
initiate foreclosure proceedings.
HUD has the option, in most cases, to pay insurance claims in cash or in
debentures issued by HUD. Currently, claims are being paid in cash, and claims
have not been paid in debentures since 1965. HUD debentures issued in
satisfaction of FHA insurance claims bear interest at the applicable HUD
debentures interest rate. To the extent specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement, the Servicer of each single family FHA Loan will be obligated to
purchase any such debenture issued in satisfaction of such FHA Loan upon
default for an amount equal to the principal amount of any such debenture.
Other than in relation to the FHA Title I Program, the amount of insurance
benefits generally paid by the FHA is equal to the entire unpaid principal
amount of the defaulted FHA Loan adjusted to reimburse the Servicer for
certain costs and expenses and to deduct certain amounts received or retained
by the Servicer after default. When entitlement to insurance benefits results
from foreclosure (or other acquisition of possession) and conveyance to HUD,
the Servicer is compensated for no more than two-thirds of its foreclosure
costs, and is compensated for interest accrued and unpaid prior to such date
but in general only to the extent it was allowed pursuant to a forbearance
plan approved by HUD. When entitlement to insurance benefits results from
assignment of the FHA Loan to HUD, the insurance payment includes full
compensation for interest accrued and unpaid to the assignment date. The
insurance payment itself, upon foreclosure of an FHA Loan, bears interest from
a date 30 days after the borrower's first uncorrected failure to perform any
obligation to make any payment due under the mortgage and, upon assignment,
from the date of assignment to the date of payment of the claim, in each case
at the same interest rate as the applicable HUD debenture interest rate as
described above.
VA Loans will be partially guaranteed by the VA under the Serviceman's
Readjustment Act (a "VA GUARANTY POLICY"). With respect to a defaulted VA
Loan, the Servicer is, absent exceptional circumstances, authorized to
announce its intention to foreclose only when the default has continued for
three months. Generally, a claim for the guarantee is submitted after
liquidation of the Mortgaged Property.
The amount payable under the guarantee will be the percentage of the VA Loan
originally guaranteed applied to indebtedness outstanding as of the applicable
date of computation specified in the VA regulations. Payments under the
guarantee will be equal to the unpaid principal amount of such VA Loan,
interest accrued on the unpaid balance of such VA Loan to the appropriate date
of computation and limited expenses of the mortgagee, but in each case only to
the extent that such amounts have not been recovered through liquidation of
the
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Mortgaged Property. The amount payable under the guarantee may in no event
exceed the amount of the original guarantee.
Fidelity Bonds and Errors and Omissions Insurance
Each Agreement will require that the Servicer obtain and maintain in effect
a fidelity bond or similar form of insurance coverage (which may provide
blanket coverage) or any combination thereof insuring against loss occasioned
by fraud, theft or other intentional misconduct of the officers, employees and
agents of the Servicer. The related Agreement will allow the Servicer to self-
insure against loss occasioned by the errors and omissions of the officers,
employees and agents of the Servicer so long as certain criteria set forth in
the Agreement are met.
Due-on-Sale Provisions
The Mortgage Loans may contain clauses requiring the consent of the
mortgagee to any sale or other transfer of the related Mortgaged Property, or
due-on-sale clauses entitling the mortgagee to accelerate payment of the
Mortgage Loan upon any sale, transfer or conveyance of the related Mortgaged
Property. The Servicer will generally enforce any due-on-sale clause to the
extent it has knowledge of the conveyance or proposed conveyance of the
underlying Mortgaged Property and it is entitled to do so under applicable
law; provided, however, that the Servicer will not take any action in relation
to the enforcement of any due-on-sale provision which would adversely affect
or jeopardize coverage under any applicable insurance policy. Any fee
collected by or on behalf of the Servicer for entering into an assumption
agreement will be retained by or on behalf of the Servicer as additional
servicing compensation. See "Certain Legal Aspects of Mortgage Loans--Due-on-
Sale Clauses." The Servicer will generally permit such transfer so long as the
transferee satisfies the Servicer's then applicable underwriting standards.
The purpose of such transfers is often to avoid a default by the transferring
obligor.
Retained Interest; Servicing Compensation and Payment of Expenses
The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities will specify whether
there will be any Retained Interest in the Assets, and, if so, the initial
owner thereof. If so, the Retained Interest will be established on a loan-by-
loan basis and will be specified on an exhibit to the related Agreement. A
"RETAINED INTEREST" in an Asset represents a specified portion of the interest
payable thereon. The Retained Interest will be deducted from mortgagor
payments as received and will not be part of the related Trust Fund.
The Servicer's primary servicing compensation with respect to a series of
Securities will come from the periodic payment to it of a portion of the
interest payment on each Asset or such other amount specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Since any Retained Interest and a Servicer's primary
compensation are percentages of the principal balance of each Asset, such
amounts will decrease in accordance with the amortization of the Assets. The
Prospectus Supplement with respect to a series of Securities evidencing
interests in a Trust Fund that includes Mortgage Loans may provide that, as
additional compensation, the Servicer may retain all or a portion of
assumption fees, modification fees, late payment charges or Prepayment
Premiums collected from mortgagors and any interest or other income which may
be earned on funds held in the Collection Account or any account established
by a Servicer pursuant to the Agreement.
The Servicer may, to the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement, pay from its servicing compensation certain expenses incurred in
connection with its servicing and managing of the Assets, including, without
limitation, payment of the fees and disbursements
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of the Trustee and independent accountants, payment of expenses incurred in
connection with distributions and reports to Securityholders, and payment of
any other expenses described in the related Prospectus Supplement. Certain
other expenses, including certain expenses relating to defaults and
liquidations on the Assets and, to the extent so provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, interest thereon at the rate specified therein may be
borne by the Trust Fund.
If and to the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, the
Servicer may be required to apply a portion of the servicing compensation
otherwise payable to it in respect of any Due Period to certain interest
shortfalls resulting from the voluntary prepayment of any Assets in the
related Trust Fund during such period prior to their respective due dates
therein.
Evidence as to Compliance
Each Agreement relating to Assets which include Mortgage Loans will provide
that on or before a specified date in each year, beginning with the first such
date at least six months after the related Cut-off Date, a firm of independent
public accountants will furnish a statement to the Trustee to the effect that,
on the basis of the examination by such firm conducted substantially in
compliance with either the Uniform Single Attestation Program for Mortgage
Bankers, the Audit Program for Mortgages serviced for Freddie Mac or such
other program used by the Servicer, the servicing by or on behalf of the
Servicer of mortgage loans under agreements substantially similar to each
other (including the related Agreement) was conducted in compliance with the
terms of such agreements or such program except for any significant exceptions
or errors in records that, in the opinion of the firm, either the Audit
Program for Mortgages serviced for Freddie Mac, or paragraph 4 of the Uniform
Single Attestation Program for Mortgage Bankers, or such other program,
requires it to report.
Each such Agreement will also provide for delivery to the Trustee, on or
before a specified date in each year, of an annual statement signed by two
officers of the Servicer to the effect that the Servicer has fulfilled its
obligations under the Agreement throughout the preceding calendar year or
other specified twelve-month period.
Copies of such annual accountants' statement and such statements of officers
will be obtainable by Securityholders without charge upon written request to
the Servicer or other entity specified in the related Prospectus Supplement at
the address set forth in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Certain Matters Regarding Servicers, the Master Servicer and the Depositor
The Servicers and Master Servicer under each Agreement will be named in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The entities serving as Servicer or Master
Servicer may be affiliates of the Depositor and may have other normal business
relationships with the Depositor or the Depositor's affiliates. Reference
herein to the Servicer shall be deemed to be to the Master Servicer, if
applicable.
The related Agreement will provide that the Servicer may resign from its
obligations and duties thereunder only upon a determination that its duties
under the Agreement are no longer permissible under applicable law or are in
material conflict by reason of applicable law with any other activities
carried on by it, the other activities of the Servicer so causing such a
conflict being of a type and nature carried on by the Servicer at the date of
the Agreement. No such resignation will become effective until the Trustee or
a successor servicer has assumed the Servicer's obligations and duties under
the Agreement.
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Each Agreement will further provide that neither any Servicer, the Depositor
nor any director, officer, employee, or agent of a Servicer or the Depositor
will be under any liability to the related Trust Fund or Securityholders for
any action taken, or for refraining from the taking of any action, in good
faith pursuant to the Agreement; provided, however, that neither a Servicer,
the Depositor nor any such person will be protected against any breach of a
representation, warranty or covenant made in such Agreement, or against any
liability specifically imposed thereby, or against any liability which would
otherwise be imposed by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence in the performance of obligations or duties thereunder or by reason
of reckless disregard of obligations and duties thereunder. Each Agreement
will further provide that any Servicer, the Depositor and any director,
officer, employee or agent of a Servicer or the Depositor will be entitled to
indemnification by the related Trust Fund and will be held harmless against
any loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with any legal action
relating to the Agreement or the Securities; provided, however, that such
indemnification will not extend to any loss, liability or expense (i)
specifically imposed by such Agreement or otherwise incidental to the
performance of obligations and duties thereunder, including, in the case of a
Servicer, the prosecution of an enforcement action in respect of any specific
Mortgage Loan or Mortgage Loans (except as any such loss, liability or expense
shall be otherwise reimbursable pursuant to such Agreement); (ii) incurred in
connection with any breach of a representation, warranty or covenant made in
such Agreement; (iii) incurred by reason of misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence in the performance of obligations or duties thereunder, or by
reason of reckless disregard of such obligations or duties; (iv) incurred in
connection with any violation of any state or federal securities law; or (v)
imposed by any taxing authority if such loss, liability or expense is not
specifically reimbursable pursuant to the terms of the related Agreement. In
addition, each Agreement will provide that neither any Servicer nor the
Depositor will be under any obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any
legal action which is not incidental to its respective responsibilities under
the Agreement and which in its opinion may involve it in any expense or
liability. Any such Servicer or the Depositor may, however, in its discretion
undertake any such action which it may deem necessary or desirable with
respect to the Agreement and the rights and duties of the parties thereto and
the interests of the Securityholders thereunder. In such event, the legal
expenses and costs of such action and any liability resulting therefrom will
be expenses, costs and liabilities of the Securityholders, and the Servicer or
the Depositor, as the case may be, will be entitled to be reimbursed therefor
and to charge the Collection Account.
Any person into which the Servicer or the Depositor may be merged or
consolidated, or any person resulting from any merger or consolidation to
which the Servicer or the Depositor is a party, or any person succeeding to
the business of the Servicer or the Depositor, will be the successor of the
Servicer or the Depositor, as the case may be, under the related Agreement.
Special Servicers
If and to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a
special servicer (a "SPECIAL SERVICER") may be a party to the related
Agreement or may be appointed by the Servicer or another specified party to
perform certain specified duties in respect of servicing the related Mortgage
Loans that would otherwise be performed by the Servicer (for example, the
workout and/or foreclosure of defaulted Mortgage Loans). The rights and
obligations of any Special Servicer will be specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement, and the Servicer will be liable for the performance of
a Special Servicer only if, and to the extent, set forth in such Prospectus
Supplement.
Events of Default under the Agreement
Events of default under the related Agreement will generally include (i) any
failure by the Servicer to distribute or cause to be distributed to
Securityholders, or to remit to the Trustee
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for distribution to Securityholders, any required payment that continues after
a grace period, if any; (ii) any failure by the Servicer duly to observe or
perform in any material respect any of its other covenants or obligations
under the Agreement which continues unremedied for 30 days after written
notice of such failure has been given to the Servicer by the Trustee or the
Depositor, or to the Servicer, the Depositor and the Trustee by
Securityholders evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights; (iii) any
breach of a representation or warranty made by the Servicer under the
Agreement which materially and adversely affects the interests of
Securityholders and which continues unremedied for 30 days after written
notice of such breach has been given to the Servicer by the Trustee or the
Depositor, or to the Servicer, the Depositor and the Trustee by the holders of
Securities evidencing not less than 25% of the Voting Rights; and (iv) certain
events of insolvency, readjustment of debt, marshaling of assets and
liabilities or similar proceedings and certain actions by or on behalf of the
Servicer indicating its insolvency or inability to pay its obligations.
Material variations to the foregoing events of default (other than to shorten
cure periods or eliminate notice requirements) will be specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement. The Trustee will, not later than the later of
60 days or such other period specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
after the occurrence of any event which constitutes or, with notice or lapse
of time or both, would constitute an event of default and five days after
certain officers of the Trustee become aware of the occurrence of such an
event, transmit by mail to the Depositor and all Securityholders of the
applicable series notice of such occurrence, unless such default shall have
been cured or waived.
The manner of determining the "VOTING RIGHTS" of a Security or class or
classes of Securities will be specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Rights Upon Event of Default under the Agreements
So long as an event of default under an Agreement remains unremedied, the
Depositor or the Trustee may, and at the direction of holders of Securities
evidencing not less than 51% (or such other percentage specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting Rights, the Trustee shall
terminate all of the rights and obligations of the Servicer under the
Agreement and in and to the Mortgage Loans (other than as a Securityholder or
as the owner of any Retained Interest), whereupon the Trustee will succeed to
all of the responsibilities, duties and liabilities of the Servicer under the
Agreement (except that if the Trustee is prohibited by law from obligating
itself to make advances regarding delinquent Assets, or if the related
Prospectus Supplement so specifies, then the Trustee will not be obligated to
make such advances) and will be entitled to similar compensation arrangements.
In the event that the Trustee is unwilling or unable so to act, it may or, at
the written request of the holders of Securities entitled to at least 51% (or
such other percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement) of the
Voting Rights, it shall appoint, or petition a court of competent jurisdiction
for the appointment of, a loan servicing institution acceptable to the Rating
Agency with a net worth at the time of such appointment of at least
$15,000,000 (or such other amount specified in the related Prospectus
Supplement) to act as successor to the Servicer under the Agreement. Pending
such appointment, the Trustee is obligated to act in such capacity. The
Trustee and any such successor may agree upon the servicing compensation to be
paid, which in no event may be greater than the compensation payable to the
Servicer under the Agreement.
The holders of Securities representing at least 66 2/3% (or such other
percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting
Rights allocated to the respective classes of Securities affected by any event
of default will be entitled to waive such event of default; provided, however,
that an Event of Default involving a failure to distribute a required payment
to Securityholders described in clause (i) under "Events of Default under the
Agreements" may be waived only by all of the Securityholders. Upon any such
waiver of an event of default, such event of default shall cease to exist and
shall be deemed to have been remedied for every purpose under the Agreement.
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No Securityholders will have the right under any Agreement to institute any
proceeding with respect thereto unless such holder previously has given to the
Trustee written notice of default and unless the holders of Securities
evidencing not less than 25% (or such other percentage specified in the
related Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting Rights have made written request
upon the Trustee to institute such proceeding in its own name as Trustee
thereunder and have offered to the Trustee reasonable indemnity, and the
Trustee for 60 days (or such other number of days specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) has neglected or refused to institute any such
proceeding. The Trustee, however, is under no obligation to exercise any of
the trusts or powers vested in it by any Agreement or to make any
investigation of matters arising thereunder or to institute, conduct or defend
any litigation thereunder or in relation thereto at the request, order or
direction of any of the Securityholders covered by such Agreement, unless such
Securityholders have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity
against the costs, expenses and liabilities which may be incurred therein or
thereby.
Amendment
Each Agreement may be amended by the parties thereto, without the consent of
any Securityholders covered by the Agreement, (i) to cure any ambiguity or
mistake, (ii) to correct, modify or supplement any provision therein which may
be inconsistent with any other provision therein or with the related
Prospectus Supplement, (iii) to make any other provisions with respect to
matters or questions arising under the Agreement which are not materially
inconsistent with the provisions thereof, or (iv) to comply with any
requirements imposed by the Code; provided that, in the case of clause (iii),
such amendment will not adversely affect in any material respect the interests
of any Securityholders covered by the Agreement as evidenced either by an
opinion of counsel to such effect or the delivery to the Trustee of written
notification from each Rating Agency that provides, at the request of the
Depositor, a rating for the Offered Securities of the related series to the
effect that such amendment or supplement will not cause such Rating Agency to
lower or withdraw the then current rating assigned to such Securities. Each
Agreement may also be amended by the Depositor, the Servicer, if any, and the
Trustee, with the consent of the Securityholders affected thereby evidencing
not less than 51% (or such other percentage specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) of the Voting Rights, for any purpose; provided,
however, no such amendment may (i) reduce in any manner the amount of, or
delay the timing of, payments received or advanced on Assets which are
required to be distributed on any Security without the consent of the
Securityholder or (ii) reduce the consent percentages described in this
paragraph without the consent of all the Securityholders covered by such
Agreement then outstanding. However, with respect to any series of Securities
as to which a REMIC election is to be made, the Trustee will not consent to
any amendment of the Agreement unless it shall first have received an opinion
of counsel to the effect that such amendment will not result in the imposition
of a tax on the related Trust Fund or cause the related Trust Fund to fail to
qualify as a REMIC, at any time that the related Securities are outstanding.
The Trustee
The Trustee under each Agreement will be named in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The commercial bank, national banking association, banking
corporation or trust company serving as Trustee may have a banking
relationship with the Depositor and its affiliates, with any Servicer and its
affiliates and with any Master Servicer and its affiliates.
Duties of the Trustee
The Trustee will make no representations as to the validity or sufficiency
of any Agreement, the Securities or any Asset or related document and is not
accountable for the use or application
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by or on behalf of any Servicer of any funds paid to the Master Servicer or
its designee in respect of the Securities or the Assets, or deposited into or
withdrawn from the Collection Account or any other account by or on behalf of
the Servicer. If no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the
Trustee is required to perform only those duties specifically required under
the related Agreement, as applicable. However, upon receipt of the various
certificates, reports or other instruments required to be furnished to it, the
Trustee is required to examine such documents and to determine whether they
conform to the requirements of the Agreement.
Certain Matters Regarding the Trustee
The Trustee and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Trustee
shall be entitled to indemnification out of the Collection Account for any
loss, liability or expense (including costs and expenses of litigation, and of
investigation, counsel fees, damages, judgments and amounts paid in
settlement) incurred in connection with the Trustee's (i) enforcing its rights
and remedies and protecting the interests, of the Securityholders during the
continuance of an Event of Default, (ii) defending or prosecuting any legal
action in respect of the related Agreement or series of Securities (iii) being
the mortgagee of record with respect to the Mortgage Loans in a Trust Fund and
the owner of record with respect to any Mortgaged Property acquired in respect
thereof for the benefit of Securityholders, or (iv) acting or refraining from
acting in good faith at the direction of the holders of the related series of
Securities entitled to not less than 25% (or such other percentage as is
specified in the related Agreement with respect to any particular matter) of
the Voting Rights for such series; provided, however, that such
indemnification will not extend to any loss, liability or expense that
constitutes a specific liability of the Trustee pursuant to the related
Agreement, or to any loss, liability or expense incurred by reason of willful
misfeasance, bad faith or negligence on the part of the Trustee in the
performance of its obligations and duties thereunder, or by reason of its
reckless disregard of such obligations or duties, or as may arise from a
breach of any representation, warranty or covenant of the Trustee made
therein.
Resignation and Removal of the Trustee
The Trustee may at any time resign from its obligations and duties under an
Agreement by giving written notice thereof to the Depositor, the Servicer, if
any, and all Securityholders. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the
Depositor is required promptly to appoint a successor trustee acceptable to
the Servicer, if any. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and
have accepted appointment within 30 days after the giving of such notice of
resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent
jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee.
If at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible to continue as such
under the related Agreement, or if at any time the Trustee shall become
incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a receiver
of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any public officer
shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for
the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, or if a change in
the financial condition of the Trustee has adversely affected or will
adversely affect the rating on any class of the Securities, then the Depositor
may remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee acceptable to the
Master Servicer, if any. Securityholders of any series entitled to at least
51% (or such other percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement)
of the Voting Rights for such series may at any time remove the Trustee
without cause and appoint a successor trustee.
Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor
trustee shall not become effective until acceptance of appointment by the
successor trustee.
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MATERIAL TERMS OF THE INDENTURE
General
The following summary describes the material provisions that may appear in
each Indenture. The Prospectus Supplement for a series of Notes will describe
any provision of the Indenture relating to such series that materially differs
from the description thereof contained in this Prospectus. The summaries do
not purport to be complete and are subject to, and are qualified by reference
to, all of the provisions of the Indenture for a series of Notes. A form of an
Indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which
this Prospectus is a part. The Depositor will provide a copy of the Indenture
(without exhibits) relating to any series of Notes without charge upon written
request of a Securityholder of such series addressed to ACE Securities Corp.,
6707 Fairview Road, Suite D, Charlotte, North Carolina 28210, Attention:
Elizabeth S. Eldridge.
Events of Default
Events of default under the Indenture for each series of Notes will
generally include: (i) a default for thirty (30) days (or such other number of
days specified in such Prospectus Supplement) or more in the payment of any
principal of or interest on any Note of such series; (ii) failure to perform
any other covenant of the Depositor or the Trust Fund in the Indenture which
continues for a period of sixty (60) days (or such other number of days
specified in such Prospectus Supplement) after notice thereof is given in
accordance with the procedures described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
(iii) any representation or warranty made by the Depositor or the Trust Fund
in the Indenture or in any certificate or other writing delivered pursuant
thereto or in connection therewith with respect to or affecting such series
having been incorrect in a material respect as of the time made, and such
breach is not cured within sixty (60) days (or such other number of days
specified in such Prospectus Supplement) after notice thereof is given in
accordance with the procedures described in the related Prospectus Supplement;
(iv) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership or liquidation of
the Depositor or the Trust Fund; or (v) any other event of default provided
with respect to Notes of that series.
If an event of default with respect to the Notes of any series at the time
outstanding occurs and is continuing, either the Indenture Trustee or the
Securityholders of a majority of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the
Notes of such series may declare the principal amount (or, if the Notes of
that series are Accrual Securities, such portion of the principal amount as
may be specified in the terms of that series, as provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement) of all the Notes of such series to be due and payable
immediately. Such declaration may, under certain circumstances, be rescinded
and annulled by the Securityholders of a majority in aggregate outstanding
amount of the Notes of such series.
If, following an event of default with respect to any series of Notes, the
Notes of such series have been declared to be due and payable, the Indenture
Trustee may, in its discretion, notwithstanding such acceleration, elect to
maintain possession of the collateral securing the Notes of such series and to
continue to apply distributions on such collateral as if there had been no
declaration of acceleration if such collateral continues to provide sufficient
funds for the payment of principal of and interest on the Notes of such series
as they would have become due if there had not been such a declaration. In
addition, the Indenture Trustee may not sell or otherwise liquidate the
collateral securing the Notes of a series following an event of default, other
than a default in the payment of any principal or interest on any Note of such
series for thirty (30) days or more, unless (a) the Securityholders of 100%
(or such other percentage specified in the related Prospectus Supplement) of
the then aggregate outstanding amount of
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the Notes of such series consent to such sale, (b) the proceeds of such sale
or liquidation are sufficient to pay in full the principal of and accrued
interest, due and unpaid, on the outstanding Notes of such series at the date
of such sale or (c) the Indenture Trustee determines that such collateral
would not be sufficient on an ongoing basis to make all payments on such Notes
as such payments would have become due if such Notes had not been declared due
and payable, and the Indenture Trustee obtains the consent of the
Securityholders of 66 2/3% (or such other percentage specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement) of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes
of such series.
In the event that the Indenture Trustee liquidates the collateral in
connection with an event of default involving a default for thirty (30) days
(or such other number of days specified in the related Prospectus Supplement)
or more in the payment of principal of or interest on the Notes of a series,
the Indenture provides that the Indenture Trustee will have a prior lien on
the proceeds of any such liquidation for unpaid fees and expenses. As a
result, upon the occurrence of such an event of default, the amount available
for distribution to the Securityholders would be less than would otherwise be
the case. However, the Indenture Trustee may not institute a proceeding for
the enforcement of its lien except in connection with a proceeding for the
enforcement of the lien of the Indenture for the benefit of the
Securityholders after the occurrence of such an event of default.
To the extent provided in the related Prospectus Supplement, in the event
the principal of the Notes of a series is declared due and payable, as
described above, the Securityholders of any such Notes issued at a discount
from par may be entitled to receive no more than an amount equal to the unpaid
principal amount thereof less the amount of such discount which is
unamortized.
Subject to the provisions of the Indenture relating to the duties of the
Indenture Trustee, in case an event of default shall occur and be continuing
with respect to a series of Notes, the Indenture Trustee shall be under no
obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers under the Indenture at the
request or direction of any of the Securityholders of such series, unless such
holders offered to the Indenture Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to
it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it
in complying with such request or direction. Subject to such provisions for
indemnification and certain limitations contained in the Indenture, the
Securityholders of a majority of the then aggregate outstanding amount of the
Notes of such series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place
of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Indenture Trustee
or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Indenture Trustee with
respect to the Notes of such series, and the Securityholders of a majority of
the then aggregate outstanding amount of the Notes of such series may, in
certain cases, waive any default with respect thereto, except a default in the
payment of principal or interest or a default in respect of a covenant or
provision of the Indenture that cannot be modified without the waiver or
consent of all the Securityholders of the outstanding Notes of such series
affected thereby.
Discharge of Indenture
The Indenture will be discharged with respect to a series of Notes (except
with respect to certain continuing rights specified in the Indenture) upon the
delivery to the Indenture Trustee for cancellation of all the Notes of such
series or, with certain limitations, upon deposit with the Indenture Trustee
of funds sufficient for the payment in full of all of the Notes of such
series.
In addition to such discharge with certain limitations, the Indenture will
provide that, if so specified with respect to the Notes of any series, the
related Trust Fund will be discharged from any and all obligations in respect
of the Notes of such series (except for certain obligations
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relating to temporary Notes and exchange of Notes, to register the transfer of
or exchange Notes of such series, to replace stolen, lost or mutilated Notes
of such series, to maintain paying agencies and to hold monies for payment in
trust) upon the deposit with the Indenture Trustee, in trust, of money and/or
direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed by the United States of
America which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof
in accordance with their terms will provide money in an amount sufficient to
pay the principal of and each installment of interest on the Notes of such
series on the maturity date for such Notes and any installment of interest on
such Notes in accordance with the terms of the Indenture and the Notes of such
series. In the event of any such defeasance and discharge of Notes of such
series, holders of Notes of such series would be able to look only to such
money and/or direct obligations for payment of principal and interest, if any,
on their Notes until maturity.
Indenture Trustee's Annual Report
The Indenture Trustee for each series of Notes will be required to mail each
year to all related Securityholders a brief report relating to its eligibility
and qualification to continue as Indenture Trustee under the related
Indenture, any amounts advanced by it under the Indenture, the amount,
interest rate and maturity date of certain indebtedness owing by such Trust to
the applicable Indenture Trustee in its individual capacity, the property and
funds physically held by such Indenture Trustee as such and any action taken
by it that materially affects such Notes and that has not been previously
reported.
The Indenture Trustee
The Indenture Trustee for a series of Notes will be specified in the related
Prospectus Supplement. The Indenture Trustee for any series may resign at any
time, in which event the Depositor will be obligated to appoint a successor
trustee for such series. The Depositor may also remove any such Indenture
Trustee if such Indenture Trustee ceases to be eligible to continue as such
under the related Indenture or if such Indenture Trustee becomes insolvent. In
such circumstances the Depositor will be obligated to appoint a successor
trustee for the applicable series of Notes. Any resignation or removal of the
Indenture Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee for any series of
Notes does not become effective until acceptance of the appointment by the
successor trustee for such series.
The bank or trust company serving as Indenture Trustee may have a banking
relationship with the Depositor or any of its affiliates, a Servicer or any of
its affiliates or the Master Servicer or any of its affiliates.
DESCRIPTION OF CREDIT SUPPORT
GENERAL
For any series of Securities, Credit Support may be provided with respect to
one or more classes thereof or the related Assets. Credit Support may be in
the form of the subordination of one or more classes of Securities, letters of
credit, insurance policies, guarantees, the establishment of one or more
reserve funds or another method of Credit Support described in the related
Prospectus Supplement, or any combination of the foregoing. If so provided in
the related Prospectus Supplement, any form of Credit Support may be
structured so as to be drawn upon by more than one series to the extent
described therein.
The coverage provided by any Credit Support will be described in the related
Prospectus Supplement. Generally, such coverage will not provide protection
against all risks of loss and will not guarantee repayment of the entire
Security Balance of the Securities and interest
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thereon. If losses or shortfalls occur that exceed the amount covered by
Credit Support or that are not covered by Credit Support, Securityholders will
bear their allocable share of deficiencies. Moreover, if a form of Credit
Support covers more than one series of Securities (each, a "COVERED TRUST"),
Securityholders evidencing interests in any of such Covered Trusts will be
subject to the risk that such Credit Support will be exhausted by the claims
of other Covered Trusts prior to such Covered Trust receiving any of its
intended share of such coverage.
If Credit Support is provided with respect to one or more classes of
Securities of a series, or the related Assets, the related Prospectus
Supplement will include a description of (a) the nature and amount of coverage
under such Credit Support, (b) any conditions to payment thereunder not
otherwise described herein, (c) the conditions (if any) under which the amount
of coverage under such Credit Support may be reduced and under which such
Credit Support may be terminated or replaced and (d) the material provisions
relating to such Credit Support. Additionally, the related Prospectus
Supplement will set forth certain information with respect to the obligor
under any instrument of Credit Support, including (i) a brief description of
its principal business activities, (ii) its principal place of business, place
of incorporation and the jurisdiction under which it is chartered or licensed
to do business, (iii) if applicable, the identity of regulatory agencies that
exercise primary jurisdiction over the conduct of its business and (iv) its
total assets, and its stockholders' or policyholders' surplus, if applicable,
as of the date specified in the Prospectus Supplement. See "Risk Factors--
Credit Support is Limited in Amount and Coverage."
SUBORDINATE SECURITIES
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, one or more classes of
Securities of a series may be Subordinate Securities. To the extent specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, the rights of the holders of Subordinate
Securities to receive distributions of principal and interest from the
Collection Account on any Distribution Date will be subordinated to such
rights of the holders of Senior Securities. If so provided in the related
Prospectus Supplement, the subordination of a class may apply only in the
event of (or may be limited to) certain types of losses or shortfalls. The
related Prospectus Supplement will set forth information concerning the amount
of subordination of a class or classes of Subordinate Securities in a series,
the circumstances in which such subordination will be applicable and the
manner, if any, in which the amount of subordination will be effected.
CROSS-SUPPORT PROVISIONS
If the Assets for a series are divided into separate groups, each supporting
a separate class or classes of Securities of a series, Credit Support may be
provided by cross-support provisions requiring that distributions be made on
Senior Securities evidencing interests in one group of Mortgage Loans prior to
distributions on Subordinate Securities evidencing interests in a different
group of Mortgage Loans within the Trust Fund. The Prospectus Supplement for a
series that includes a cross-support provision will describe the manner and
conditions for applying such provisions.
LIMITED GUARANTEE
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement with respect to a
series of Securities, credit enhancement may be provided in the form of a
limited guarantee issued by a guarantor named therein.
FINANCIAL GUARANTY INSURANCE POLICY OR SURETY BOND
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement with respect to a
series of Securities, credit enhancement may be provided in the form of a
financial guaranty insurance policy or a surety bond issued by an insurer
named therein.
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LETTER OF CREDIT
Alternative credit support with respect to a series of Securities may be
provided by the issuance of a letter of credit by the bank or financial
institution specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. The coverage,
amount and frequency of any reduction in coverage provided by a letter of
credit issued with respect to a series of Securities will be set forth in the
Prospectus Supplement relating to such series.
POOL INSURANCE POLICIES
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of
Securities, a pool insurance policy for the Mortgage Loans in the related
Trust Fund will be obtained. The pool insurance policy will cover any loss
(subject to the limitations described in the related Prospectus Supplement) by
reason of default to the extent a related Mortgage Loan is not covered by any
primary mortgage insurance policy. The amount and principal terms of any such
coverage will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
SPECIAL HAZARD INSURANCE POLICIES
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, a special hazard
insurance policy may also be obtained for the related Trust Fund in the amount
set forth in such Prospectus Supplement. The special hazard insurance policy
will, subject to the limitations described in the related Prospectus
Supplement, protect against loss by reason of damage to Mortgaged Properties
caused by certain hazards not insured against under the standard form of
hazard insurance policy for the respective states, in which the Mortgaged
Properties are located. The amount and principal terms of any such coverage
will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
MORTGAGOR BANKRUPTCY BOND
If so specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, losses resulting from
a bankruptcy proceeding relating to a mortgagor affecting the Mortgage Loans
in a Trust Fund with respect to a series of Securities will be covered under a
mortgagor bankruptcy bond (or any other instrument that will not result in a
downgrading of the rating of the Securities of a series by the Rating Agency
or Rating Agencies that rate such series). Any mortgagor bankruptcy bond or
such other instrument will provide for coverage in an amount meeting the
criteria of the Rating Agency or Rating Agencies rating the Securities of the
related series, which amount will be set forth in the related Prospectus
Supplement. The amount and principal terms of any such coverage will be set
forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
RESERVE FUNDS
If so provided in the Prospectus Supplement for a series of Securities,
deficiencies in amounts otherwise payable on such Securities or certain
classes thereof will be covered by one or more reserve funds in which cash, a
letter of credit, Permitted Investments, a demand note or a combination
thereof will be deposited, in the amounts so specified in such Prospectus
Supplement. The reserve funds for a series may also be funded over time by
depositing therein a specified amount of the distributions received on the
related Assets as specified in the related Prospectus Supplement.
Amounts on deposit in any reserve fund for a series, together with the
reinvestment income thereon, if any, will be applied for the purposes, in the
manner, and to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. A
reserve fund may be provided to increase the likelihood of timely
distributions of principal of and interest on the Securities. If so specified
in the related
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Prospectus Supplement, reserve funds may be established to provide limited
protection against only certain types of losses and shortfalls. Following each
Distribution Date amounts in a reserve fund in excess of any amount required
to be maintained therein may be released from the reserve fund under the
conditions and to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement
and will not be available for further application to the Securities.
Moneys deposited in any reserve funds will be invested in Permitted
Investments, to the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement. To
the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, any reinvestment
income or other gain from such investments will be credited to the related
reserve fund for such series, and any loss resulting from such investments
will be charged to such reserve fund. However, such income may be payable to
any related Servicer or another service provider as additional compensation.
To the extent specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, the reserve
fund, if any, for a series will not be a part of the Trust Fund.
Additional information concerning any reserve fund will be set forth in the
related Prospectus Supplement, including the initial balance of such reserve
fund, the balance required to be maintained in the reserve fund, the manner in
which such required balance will decrease over time, the manner of funding
such reserve fund, the purposes for which funds in the reserve fund may be
applied to make distributions to Securityholders and use of investment
earnings from the reserve fund, if any.
OVERCOLLATERALIZATION
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, subordination provisions
of a Trust Fund may be used to accelerate to a limited extent the amortization
of one or more classes of Securities relative to the amortization of the
related Assets. The accelerated amortization is achieved by the application of
certain excess interest to the payment of principal of one or more classes of
Securities. This acceleration feature creates, with respect to the Assets or
groups thereof, overcollateralization which results from the excess of the
aggregate principal balance of the related Assets, or a group thereof, over
the principal balance of the related class or classes of Securities. Such
acceleration may continue for the life of the related Security, or may be
limited. In the case of limited acceleration, once the required level of
overcollateralization is reached, and subject to certain provisions specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement, such limited acceleration feature may
cease, unless necessary to maintain the required level of
overcollateralization.
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CERTAIN LEGAL ASPECTS OF MORTGAGE LOANS
The following discussion contains summaries, which are general in nature, of
certain legal aspects of loans secured by single-family residential
properties. Because such legal aspects are governed primarily by applicable
state law (which laws may differ substantially), the summaries do not purport
to be complete nor to reflect the laws of any particular state, nor to
encompass the laws of all states in which the security for the Mortgage Loans
is situated. The summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to the
applicable federal and state laws governing the Mortgage Loans. In this
regard, the following discussion does not fully reflect federal regulations
with respect to FHA Loans and VA Loans. See "Description of The Trust Funds--
FHA Loans and VA Loans," "Description of the Agreements--Material Terms of the
Pooling and Servicing Agreements and Underlying Servicing Agreements--FHA
Insurance and VA Guarantees" and "Description of the Trust Funds--Assets."
GENERAL
All of the Mortgage Loans are loans evidenced by a note or bond and secured
by instruments granting a security interest in real property which may be
mortgages, deeds of trust, security deeds or deeds to secure debt, depending
upon the prevailing practice and law in the state in which the Mortgaged
Property is located. Mortgages, deeds of trust and deeds to secure debt are
herein collectively referred to as "mortgages." Any of the foregoing types of
mortgages will create a lien upon, or grant a title interest in, the subject
property, the priority of which will depend on the terms of the particular
security instrument, as well as separate, recorded, contractual arrangements
with others holding interests in the mortgaged property, the knowledge of the
parties to such instrument as well as the order of recordation of the
instrument in the appropriate public recording office. However, recording does
not generally establish priority over governmental claims for real estate
taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under governmental police
powers.
TYPES OF MORTGAGE INSTRUMENTS
A mortgage either creates a lien against or constitutes a conveyance of real
property between two parties--a mortgagor (the borrower and usually the owner
of the subject property) and a mortgagee (the lender). In contrast, a deed of
trust is a three-party instrument, among a trustor (the equivalent of a
mortgagor), a trustee to whom the mortgaged property is conveyed, and a
beneficiary (the lender) for whose benefit the conveyance is made. As used in
this Prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, "MORTGAGOR" includes
the trustor under a deed of trust and a grantor under a security deed or a
deed to secure debt. Under a deed of trust, the mortgagor grants the property,
irrevocably until the debt is paid, in trust, generally with a power of sale
as security for the indebtedness evidenced by the related note. A deed to
secure debt typically has two parties. By executing a deed to secure debt, the
grantor conveys title to, as opposed to merely creating a lien upon, the
subject property to the grantee until such time as the underlying debt is
repaid, generally with a power of sale as security for the indebtedness
evidenced by the related mortgage note. In case the mortgagor under a mortgage
is a land trust, there would be an additional party because legal title to the
property is held by a land trustee under a land trust agreement for the
benefit of the mortgagor. At origination of a mortgage loan involving a land
trust, the mortgagor executes a separate undertaking to make payments on the
mortgage note. The mortgagee's authority under a mortgage, the trustee's
authority under a deed of trust and the grantee's authority under a deed to
secure debt are governed by the express provisions of the mortgage, the law of
the state in which the real property is located, certain federal laws
(including, without limitation, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of
1940) and, in some cases, in deed of trust transactions, the directions of the
beneficiary.
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INTEREST IN REAL PROPERTY
The real property covered by a mortgage, deed of trust, security deed or
deed to secure debt is most often the fee estate in land and improvements.
However, such an instrument may encumber other interests in real property such
as a tenant's interest in a lease of land or improvements, or both, and the
leasehold estate created by such lease. An instrument covering an interest in
real property other than the fee estate requires special provisions in the
instrument creating such interest or in the mortgage, deed of trust, security
deed or deed to secure debt, to protect the mortgagee against termination of
such interest before the mortgage, deed of trust, security deed or deed to
secure debt is paid. The Depositor, the Asset Seller or other entity specified
in the related Prospectus Supplement will make certain representations and
warranties in the Agreement or certain representations and warranties will be
assigned to the Trustee with respect to any Mortgage Loans that are secured by
an interest in a leasehold estate. Such representation and warranties, if
applicable, will be set forth in the Prospectus Supplement.
COOPERATIVE LOANS
If specified in the Prospectus Supplement relating to a series of Offered
Securities, the Mortgage Loans may also consist of cooperative apartment loans
("COOPERATIVE LOANS") secured by security interests in shares issued by a
cooperative housing corporation (a "COOPERATIVE") and in the related
proprietary leases or occupancy agreements granting exclusive rights to occupy
specific dwelling units in the cooperatives' buildings. The security agreement
will create a lien upon, or grant a title interest in, the property which it
covers, the priority of which will depend on the terms of the particular
security agreement as well as the order of recordation of the agreement in the
appropriate recording office. Such a lien or title interest is not prior to
the lien for real estate taxes and assessments and other charges imposed under
governmental police powers.
Each Cooperative owns in fee or has a leasehold interest in all the real
property and owns in fee or leases the building and all separate dwelling
units therein. The Cooperative is directly responsible for property management
and, in most cases, payment of real estate taxes, other governmental
impositions and hazard and liability insurance. If there is a blanket mortgage
or mortgages on the cooperative apartment building or underlying land, as is
generally the case, or an underlying lease of the land, as is the case in some
instances, the Cooperative, as property mortgagor, or lessee, as the case may
be, is also responsible for meeting these mortgage or rental obligations. A
blanket mortgage is ordinarily incurred by the cooperative in connection with
either the construction or purchase of the Cooperative's apartment building or
obtaining of capital by the Cooperative. The interest of the occupant under
proprietary leases or occupancy agreements as to which that Cooperative is the
landlord are generally subordinate to the interest of the holder of a blanket
mortgage and to the interest of the holder of a land lease. If the Cooperative
is unable to meet the payment obligations (i) arising under a blanket
mortgage, the mortgagee holding a blanket mortgage could foreclose on that
mortgage and terminate all subordinate proprietary leases and occupancy
agreements or (ii) arising under its land lease, the holder of the landlord's
interest under the land lease could terminate it and all subordinate
proprietary leases and occupancy agreements. Also, a blanket mortgage on a
cooperative may provide financing in the form of a mortgage that does not
fully amortize, with a significant portion of principal being due in one final
payment at maturity. The inability of the Cooperative to refinance a mortgage
and its consequent inability to make such final payment could lead to
foreclosure by the mortgagee. Similarly, a land lease has an expiration date
and the inability of the Cooperative to extend its term or, in the
alternative, to purchase the land could lead to termination of the
Cooperative's interest in the property and termination of all proprietary
leases and occupancy agreement. In either event, a foreclosure by the holder
of a
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blanket mortgage or the termination of the underlying lease could eliminate or
significantly diminish the value of any collateral held by the lender that
financed the purchase by an individual tenant stockholder of cooperative
shares or, in the case of the Mortgage Loans, the collateral securing the
Cooperative Loans.
The Cooperative is owned by tenant-stockholders who, through ownership of
stock or shares in the corporation, receive proprietary lease or occupancy
agreements which confer exclusive rights to occupy specific units. Generally,
a tenant-stockholder of a Cooperative must make a monthly payment to the
Cooperative representing such tenant-stockholder's pro rata share of the
Cooperative's payments for its blanket mortgage, real property taxes,
maintenance expenses and other capital or ordinary expenses. An ownership
interest in a Cooperative and accompanying occupancy rights are financed
through a Cooperative Loan evidenced by a promissory note and secured by an
assignment of and a security interest in the occupancy agreement or
proprietary lease and a security interest in the related Cooperative shares.
The lender generally takes possession of the share certificate and a
counterpart of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and a financing
statement covering the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the
cooperative shares is filed in the appropriate state and local offices to
perfect the lender's interest in its collateral. Subject to the limitations
discussed below, upon default of the tenant-stockholder, the lender may sue
for judgment on the promissory note, dispose of the collateral at a public or
private sale or otherwise proceed against the collateral or tenant-stockholder
as an individual as provided in the security agreement covering the assignment
of the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement and the pledge of Cooperative
shares. See "Foreclosure--Cooperative Loans" below.
LAND SALE CONTRACTS
Under an installment land sale contract for the sale of real estate (a "LAND
SALE CONTRACT" ) the contract seller (hereinafter referred to as the "CONTRACT
LENDER" ) retains legal title to the property and enters into an agreement
with the contract purchaser (hereinafter referred to as the "CONTRACT
BORROWER" ) for the payment of the purchase price, plus interest, over the
term of the land sale contract. Only after full performance by the borrower of
the contract is the contract lender obligated to convey title to the real
estate to the purchaser. As with mortgage or deed of trust financing, during
the effective period of the land sale contract, the contract borrower is
responsible for maintaining the property in good condition and for paying real
estate taxes, assessments and hazard insurance premiums associated with the
property.
The method of enforcing the rights of the contract lender under an
installment contract varies on a state-by-state basis depending upon the
extent to which state courts are willing, or able pursuant to state statute,
to enforce the contract strictly according to its terms. The terms of land
sale contracts generally provide that upon default by the contract borrower,
the borrower loses his or her right to occupy the property, the entire
indebtedness is accelerated, and the buyer's equitable interest in the
property is forfeited. The contract lender in such a situation does not have
to foreclose in order to obtain title to the property, although in some cases
a quiet title action is in order if the contract borrower has filed the land
sale contract in local land records and an ejectment action may be necessary
to recover possession. In a few states, particularly in cases of contract
borrower default during the early years of a land sale contract, the courts
will permit ejectment of the buyer and a forfeiture of his or her interest in
the property. However, most state legislatures have enacted provisions by
analogy to mortgage law protecting borrowers under land sale contracts from
the harsh consequences of forfeiture. Under such statues, a judicial contract
may be reinstated upon full payment of the default amount and the borrower may
have a post-foreclosure statutory redemption right. In other states, courts in
equity may permit a contract borrower with significant investment in the
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property under a land sale contract for the sale of real estate to share the
proceeds of sale of the property after the indebtedness is repaid or may
otherwise refuse to enforce the forfeiture clause. Nevertheless, generally
speaking, the contract lender's procedures for obtaining possession and clear
title under a land sale contract for the sale of real estate in a given state
are simpler and less time consuming and costly than are the procedures for
foreclosing and obtaining clear title to a mortgaged property.
FORECLOSURE
General
Foreclosure is a legal procedure that allows the mortgagee to recover its
mortgage debt by enforcing its rights and available legal remedies under the
mortgage. If the mortgagor defaults in payment or performance of its
obligations under the note or mortgage, the mortgagee has the right to
institute foreclosure proceedings to sell the mortgaged property at public
auction to satisfy the indebtedness.
Foreclosure procedures with respect to the enforcement of a mortgage vary
from state to state. Two primary methods of foreclosing a mortgage are
judicial foreclosure and non-judicial foreclosure pursuant to a power of sale
granted in the mortgage instrument. There are several other foreclosure
procedures available in some states that are either infrequently used or
available only in certain limited circumstances, such as strict foreclosure.
Judicial Foreclosure
A judicial foreclosure proceeding is conducted in a court having
jurisdiction over the mortgaged property. Generally, the action is initiated
by the service of legal pleadings upon all parties having an interest of
record in the real property. Delays in completion of the foreclosure may
occasionally result from difficulties in locating defendants. When the
lender's right to foreclose is contested, the legal proceedings can be time-
consuming. Upon successful completion of a judicial foreclosure proceeding,
the court generally issues a judgment of foreclosure and appoints a referee or
other officer to conduct a public sale of the mortgaged property, the proceeds
of which are used to satisfy the judgment. Such sales are made in accordance
with procedures that vary from state to state.
Equitable Limitations on Enforceability of Certain Provisions
United States courts have traditionally imposed general equitable principles
to limit the remedies available to a mortgagee in connection with foreclosure.
These equitable principles are generally designed to relieve the mortgagor
from the legal effect of mortgage defaults, to the extent that such effect is
perceived as harsh or unfair. Relying on such principles, a court may alter
the specific terms of a loan to the extent it considers necessary to prevent
or remedy an injustice, undue oppression or overreaching, or may require the
lender to undertake affirmative and expensive actions to determine the cause
of the mortgagor's default and the likelihood that the mortgagor will be able
to reinstate the loan. In some cases, courts have substituted their judgment
for the lender's and have required that lenders reinstate loans or recast
payment schedules in order to accommodate mortgagors who are suffering from a
temporary financial disability. In other cases, courts have limited the right
of the lender to foreclose if the default under the mortgage is not monetary,
e.g., the mortgagor failed to maintain the mortgaged property adequately or
the mortgagor executed a junior mortgage on the mortgaged property. The
exercise by the court of its equity powers will depend on the individual
circumstances of each case presented to it. Finally, some courts have been
faced with the issue of whether federal or state constitutional provisions
reflecting due process concerns for adequate notice require that a mortgagor
receive notice in addition to statutorily-prescribed
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minimum notice. For the most part, these cases have upheld the reasonableness
of the notice provisions or have found that a public sale under a mortgage
providing for a power of sale does not involve sufficient state action to
afford constitutional protections to the mortgagor.
Non-Judicial Foreclosure/Power of Sale
Foreclosure of a deed of trust is generally accomplished by a non-judicial
trustee's sale pursuant to the power of sale granted in the deed of trust. A
power of sale is typically granted in a deed of trust. It may also be
contained in any other type of mortgage instrument. A power of sale allows a
non-judicial public sale to be conducted generally following a request from
the beneficiary/lender to the trustee to sell the property upon any default by
the mortgagor under the terms of the mortgage note or the mortgage instrument
and after notice of sale is given in accordance with the terms of the mortgage
instrument, as well as applicable state law. In some states, prior to such
sale, the trustee under a deed of trust must record a notice of default and
notice of sale and send a copy to the mortgagor and to any other party who has
recorded a request for a copy of a notice of default and notice of sale. In
addition, in some states the trustee must provide notice to any other party
having an interest of record in the real property, including junior
lienholders. A notice of sale must be posted in a public place and, in most
states, published for a specified period of time in one or more newspapers.
The mortgagor or junior lienholder may then have the right, during a
reinstatement period required in some states, to cure the default by paying
the entire actual amount in arrears (without acceleration) plus the expenses
incurred in enforcing the obligation. In other states, the mortgagor or the
junior lienholder is not provided a period to reinstate the loan, but has only
the right to pay off the entire debt to prevent the foreclosure sale.
Generally, the procedure for public sale, the parties entitled to notice, the
method of giving notice and the applicable time periods are governed by state
law and vary among the states. Foreclosure of a deed to secure debt is also
generally accomplished by a non-judicial sale similar to that required by a
deed of trust, except that the lender or its agent, rather than a trustee, is
typically empowered to perform the sale in accordance with the terms of the
deed to secure debt and applicable law.
Public Sale
A third party may be unwilling to purchase a mortgaged property at a public
sale because of the difficulty in determining the value of such property at
the time of sale, due to, among other things, redemption rights which may
exist and the possibility of physical deterioration of the property during the
foreclosure proceedings. For these reasons, it is common for the lender to
purchase the mortgaged property for an amount equal to or less than the
underlying debt and accrued and unpaid interest plus the expenses of
foreclosure. Generally, state law controls the amount of foreclosure costs and
expenses which may be recovered by a lender. Thereafter, subject to the
mortgagor's right in some states to remain in possession during a redemption
period, if applicable, the lender will become the owner of the property and
have both the benefits and burdens of ownership of the mortgaged property. For
example, the lender will become obligated to pay taxes, obtain casualty
insurance and to make such repairs at its own expense as are necessary to
render the property suitable for sale. The lender will commonly obtain the
services of a real estate broker and pay the broker's commission in connection
with the sale of the property. Depending upon market conditions, the ultimate
proceeds of the sale of the property may not equal the lender's investment in
the property. Moreover, a lender commonly incurs substantial legal fees and
court costs in acquiring a mortgaged property through contested foreclosure
and/or bankruptcy proceedings. Generally, state law controls the amount of
foreclosure expenses and costs, including attorneys' fees, that may be
recovered by a lender.
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A junior mortgagee may not foreclose on the property securing the junior
mortgage unless it forecloses subject to senior mortgages and any other prior
liens, in which case it may be obliged to make payments on the senior
mortgages to avoid their foreclosure. In addition, in the event that the
foreclosure of a junior mortgage triggers the enforcement of a "due-on-sale"
clause contained in a senior mortgage, the junior mortgagee may be required to
pay the full amount of the senior mortgage to avoid its foreclosure.
Accordingly, with respect to those Mortgage Loans, if any, that are junior
mortgage loans, if the lender purchases the property the lender's title will
be subject to all senior mortgages, prior liens and certain governmental
liens.
The proceeds received by the referee or trustee from the sale are applied
first to the costs, fees and expenses of sale and then in satisfaction of the
indebtedness secured by the mortgage under which the sale was conducted. Any
proceeds remaining after satisfaction of senior mortgage debt are generally
payable to the holders of junior mortgages and other liens and claims in order
of their priority, whether or not the mortgagor is in default. Any additional
proceeds are generally payable to the mortgagor. The payment of the proceeds
to the holders of junior mortgages may occur in the foreclosure action of the
senior mortgage or a subsequent ancillary proceeding or may require the
institution of separate legal proceedings by such holders.
Rights of Redemption
The purposes of a foreclosure action are to enable the mortgagee to realize
upon its security and to bar the mortgagor, and all persons who have an
interest in the property which is subordinate to the mortgage being
foreclosed, from exercise of their "equity of redemption." The doctrine of
equity of redemption provides that, until the property covered by a mortgage
has been sold in accordance with a properly conducted foreclosure and
foreclosure sale, those having an interest which is subordinate to that of the
foreclosing mortgagee have an equity of redemption and may redeem the property
by paying the entire debt with interest. In addition, in some states, when a
foreclosure action has been commenced, the redeeming party must pay certain
costs of such action. Those having an equity of redemption must generally be
made parties and joined in the foreclosure proceeding in order for their
equity of redemption to be cut off and terminated.
The equity of redemption is a common-law (non-statutory) right which exists
prior to completion of the foreclosure, is not waivable by the mortgagor, must
be exercised prior to foreclosure sale and should be distinguished from the
post-sale statutory rights of redemption. In some states, after sale pursuant
to a deed of trust or foreclosure of a mortgage, the mortgagor and foreclosed
junior lienors are given a statutory period in which to redeem the property
from the foreclosure sale. In some states, statutory redemption may occur only
upon payment of the foreclosure sale price. In other states, redemption may be
authorized if the former mortgagor pays only a portion of the sums due. The
effect of a statutory right of redemption is to diminish the ability of the
lender to sell the foreclosed property. The exercise of a right of redemption
would defeat the title of any purchaser from a foreclosure sale or sale under
a deed of trust. Consequently, the practical effect of the redemption right is
to force the lender to maintain the property and pay the expenses of ownership
until the redemption period has expired. In some states, a post-sale statutory
right of redemption may exist following a judicial foreclosure, but not
following a trustee's sale under a deed of trust.
Under the REMIC Provisions currently in effect, property acquired by
foreclosure generally must not be held for more than two years. With respect
to a series of Securities for which an election is made to qualify the Trust
Fund or a part thereof as a REMIC, the Agreement will permit foreclosed
property to be held for more than two years if the Internal Revenue Service
grants an extension of time within which to sell such property or independent
counsel renders
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an opinion to the effect that holding such property for such additional period
is permissible under the REMIC Provisions.
Cooperative Loans
The Cooperative shares owned by the tenant-stockholder and pledged to the
lender are, in almost all cases, subject to restrictions on transfer as set
forth in the Cooperative's certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as
the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement, and may be canceled by the
Cooperative for failure by the tenant-stockholder to pay rent or other
obligations or charges owed by such tenant-stockholder, including mechanics'
liens against the cooperative apartment building incurred by such tenant-
stockholder. The proprietary lease or occupancy agreement generally permit the
Cooperative to terminate such lease or agreement in the event an obligor fails
to make payments or defaults in the performance of covenants required
thereunder. Typically, the lender and the Cooperative enter into a recognition
agreement which establishes the rights and obligations of both parties in the
event of a default by the tenant-stockholder under the proprietary lease or
occupancy agreement will usually constitute a default under the security
agreement between the lender and the tenant-stockholder.
The recognition agreement generally provides that, in the event that the
tenant-stockholder has defaulted under the proprietary lease or occupancy
agreement, the Cooperative will take no action to terminate such lease or
agreement until the lender has been provided with an opportunity to cure the
default. The recognition agreement typically provides that if the proprietary
lease or occupancy agreement is terminated, the Cooperative will recognize the
lender's lien against proceeds from the sale of the Cooperative apartment,
subject, however, to the Cooperative's right to sums due under such
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. The total amount owed to the
Cooperative by the tenant-stockholder, which the lender generally cannot
restrict and does not monitor, could reduce the value of the collateral below
the outstanding principal balance of the Cooperative Loan and accrued and
unpaid interest thereon.
Recognition agreements also provide that in the event of a foreclosure on a
Cooperative Loan, the lender must obtain the approval or consent of the
Cooperative as required by the proprietary lease before transferring the
Cooperative shares or assigning the proprietary lease. Generally, the lender
is not limited in any rights it may have to dispossess the tenant-
stockholders.
In some states, foreclosure on the Cooperative shares is accomplished by a
sale in accordance with the provisions of Article 9 of the UCC and the
security agreement relating to those shares. Article 9 of the UCC requires
that a sale be conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner. Whether a
foreclosure sale has been conducted in a "commercially reasonable" manner will
depend on the facts in each case. In determining commercial reasonableness, a
court will look to the notice given the debtor and the method, manner, time,
place and terms of the foreclosure. Generally, a sale conducted according to
the usual practice of banks selling similar collateral will be considered
reasonably conducted.
Article 9 of the UCC provides that the proceeds of the sale will be applied
first to pay the costs and expenses of the sale and then to satisfy the
indebtedness secured by the lender's security interest. The recognition
agreement, however, generally provides that the lender's right to
reimbursement is subject to the right of the Cooperatives to receive sums due
under the proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. If there are proceeds
remaining, the lender must account to the tenant-stockholder for the surplus.
Conversely, if a portion of the indebtedness remains unpaid, the tenant-
stockholder is generally responsible for the deficiency.
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In the case of foreclosure on a building which was converted from a rental
building to a building owned by a Cooperative under a non-eviction plan, some
states require that a purchaser at a foreclosure sale take the property
subject to rent control and rent stabilization laws which apply to certain
tenants who elected to remain in a building so converted.
JUNIOR MORTGAGES
Some of the Mortgage Loans may be secured by junior mortgages or deeds of
trust, which are subordinate to first or other senior mortgages or deeds of
trust held by other lenders. The rights of the Trust Fund as the holder of a
junior deed of trust or a junior mortgage are subordinate in lien and in
payment to those of the holder of the senior mortgage or deed of trust,
including the prior rights of the senior mortgagee or beneficiary to receive
and apply hazard insurance and condemnation proceeds and, upon default of the
mortgagor, to cause a foreclosure on the property. Upon completion of the
foreclosure proceedings by the holder of the senior mortgage or the sale
pursuant to the deed of trust, the junior mortgagee's or junior beneficiary's
lien will be extinguished unless the junior lienholder satisfies the defaulted
senior loan or asserts its subordinate interest in a property in foreclosure
proceedings. See "--Foreclosure" herein.
Furthermore, because the terms of the junior mortgage or deed of trust are
subordinate to the terms of the first mortgage or deed of trust, in the event
of a conflict between the terms of the first mortgage or deed of trust and the
junior mortgage or deed of trust, the terms of the first mortgage or deed of
trust will generally govern. Upon a failure of the mortgagor or trustor to
perform any of its obligations, the senior mortgagee or beneficiary, subject
to the terms of the senior mortgage or deed of trust, may have the right to
perform the obligation itself. Generally, all sums so expended by the
mortgagee or beneficiary become part of the indebtedness secured by the
mortgage or deed of trust. To the extent a first mortgagee expends such sums,
such sums will generally have priority over all sums due under the junior
mortgage.
ANTI-DEFICIENCY LEGISLATION AND OTHER LIMITATIONS ON LENDERS
Statutes in some states limit the right of a beneficiary under a deed of
trust or a mortgagee under a mortgage to obtain a deficiency judgment against
the mortgagor following foreclosure or sale under a deed of trust. A
deficiency judgment would be a personal judgment against the former mortgagor
equal to the difference between the net amount realized upon the public sale
of the real property and the amount due to the lender. Some states require the
lender to exhaust the security afforded under a mortgage by foreclosure in an
attempt to satisfy the full debt before bringing a personal action against the
mortgagor. In certain other states, the lender has the option of bringing a
personal action against the mortgagor on the debt without first exhausting
such security; however, in some of these states, the lender, following
judgment on such personal action, may be deemed to have elected a remedy and
may be precluded from exercising remedies with respect to the security. In
some cases, a lender will be precluded from exercising any additional rights
under the note or mortgage if it has taken any prior enforcement action.
Consequently, the practical effect of the election requirement, in those
states permitting such election, is that lenders will usually proceed against
the security first rather than bringing a personal action against the
mortgagor. Finally, other statutory provisions limit any deficiency judgment
against the former mortgagor following a judicial sale to the excess of the
outstanding debt over the fair market value of the property at the time of the
public sale. The purpose of these statutes is generally to prevent a lender
from obtaining a large deficiency judgment against the former mortgagor as a
result of low or no bids at the judicial sale.
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In addition to anti-deficiency and related legislation, numerous other
federal and state statutory provisions, including the federal bankruptcy laws
and state laws affording relief to debtors, may interfere with or affect the
ability of a secured mortgage lender to realize upon its security. For
example, numerous statutory provisions under the United States Bankruptcy
Code, 11 U.S.C. Sections 101 ET SEQ., (the "BANKRUPTCY CODE") may interfere
with or affect the ability of the secured mortgage lender to obtain payment of
a Mortgage Loan, to realize upon collateral and/or enforce a deficiency
judgment. For example, under federal bankruptcy law, virtually all actions
(including foreclosure actions and deficiency judgment proceedings) are
automatically stayed upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition, and often no
interest or principal payments are made during the course of the bankruptcy
proceeding. In a case under the Bankruptcy Code, the secured party is
precluded from foreclosing without authorization from the bankruptcy court. In
addition, a court with federal bankruptcy jurisdiction may permit a debtor
through his or her Chapter 11 or Chapter 13 plan to cure a monetary default in
respect of a Mortgage Loan by paying arrearages within a reasonable time
period and reinstating the original mortgage loan payment schedule even though
the lender accelerated the mortgage loan and final judgment of foreclosure had
been entered in state court (provided no foreclosure sale had yet occurred)
prior to the filing of the debtor's petition. Some courts with federal
bankruptcy jurisdiction have approved plans, based on the particular facts of
the case, that effected the curing of a mortgage loan default by paying
arrearages over a number of years.
If a Mortgage Loan is secured by property not consisting solely of the
debtor's principal residence, the Bankruptcy Code also permits such Mortgage
Loan to be modified. Such modifications may include reducing the amount of
each monthly payment, changing the rate of interest, altering the repayment
schedule, and reducing the lender's security interest to the value of the
property, thus leaving the lender in the position of a general unsecured
creditor for the difference between the value of the property and the
outstanding balance of the Mortgage Loan. Some courts have permitted such
modifications when the Mortgage Loan is secured both by the debtor's principal
residence and by personal property.
Certain tax liens arising under the Code may in certain circumstances
provide priority over the lien of a mortgage or deed of trust. In addition,
substantive requirements are imposed upon mortgage lenders in connection with
the origination and the servicing of mortgage loans by numerous federal and
some state consumer protection laws. These laws include the federal Truth-in-
Lending Act, Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, Equal Credit Opportunity
Act, Fair Credit Billing Act, Fair Credit Reporting Act and related statutes.
These federal laws impose specific statutory liabilities upon lenders who
originate mortgage loans and who fail to comply with the provisions of the
law. In some cases this liability may affect assignees of the mortgage loans.
Generally, Article 9 of the UCC governs foreclosure on Cooperative shares
and the related proprietary lease or occupancy agreement. Some courts have
interpreted section 9-504 of the UCC to prohibit a deficiency award unless the
creditor establishes that the sale of the collateral (which, in the case of a
Cooperative Loan, would be the shares of the Cooperative and the related
proprietary lease or occupancy agreement) was conducted in a commercially
reasonable manner.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
A lender may be subject to unforeseen environmental risks when taking a
security interest in real or personal property. Property subject to such a
security interest may be subject to federal, state, and local laws and
regulations relating to environmental protection. Such laws may regulate,
among other things: emissions of air pollutants; discharges of wastewater or
storm water; generation, transport, storage or disposal of hazardous waste or
hazardous
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substances; operation, closure and removal of underground storage tanks;
removal and disposal of asbestos-containing materials; management of
electrical or other equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls ("PCBS").
Failure to comply with such laws and regulations may result in significant
penalties, including civil and criminal fines. Under the laws of certain
states, environmental contamination on a property may give rise to a lien on
the property to ensure the availability and/or reimbursement of cleanup costs.
Generally all subsequent liens on such property are subordinated to such a
lien and, in some states, even prior recorded liens are subordinated to such
liens ("SUPERLIENS"). In the latter states, the security interest of the
Trustee in a property that is subject to such Superlien could be adversely
affected.
Under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act, as amended ( "CERCLA"), and under state law in certain states,
a secured party which takes a deed in lieu of foreclosure, purchases a
mortgaged property at a foreclosure sale, operates a mortgaged property or
undertakes certain types of activities that may constitute management of the
mortgaged property may become liable in certain circumstances for the costs of
remedial action ("CLEANUP COSTS") if hazardous wastes or hazardous substances
have been released or disposed of on the property. Such Cleanup Costs may be
substantial. CERCLA imposes strict, as well as joint and several liability for
environmental remediation and/or damage costs on several classes of
"potentially responsible parties," including current "owners and/or operators"
of property, irrespective of whether those owners or operators caused or
contributed to the contamination on the property. In addition, owners and
operators of properties that generate hazardous substances that are disposed
of at other "off-site" locations may be held strictly, jointly and severally
liable for environmental remediation and/or damages at those off-site
locations. Many states also have laws that are similar to CERCLA. Liability
under CERCLA or under similar state law could exceed the value of the property
itself as well as the aggregate assets of the property owner.
The law is unclear as to whether and under what precise circumstances
cleanup costs, or the obligation to take remedial actions, could be imposed on
a secured lender such as the Trust Fund. Under the laws of some states and
under CERCLA, a lender may be liable as an "owner or operator" for costs of
addressing releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances on a
mortgaged property if such lender or its agents or employees have
"participated in the management" of the operations of the borrower, even
though the environmental damage or threat was caused by a prior owner or
current owner or operator or other third party. Excluded from CERCLA's
definition of "owner or operator" is a person "who without participating in
the management of . . . [the] facility, holds indicia of ownership primarily
to protect his security interest" (the "SECURED-CREDITOR EXEMPTION"). This
exemption for holders of a security interest such as a secured lender applies
only to the extent that a lender seeks to protect its security interest in the
contaminated facility or property. Thus, if a lender's activities begin to
encroach on the actual management of such facility or property, the lender
faces potential liability as an "owner or operator" under CERCLA. Similarly,
when a lender forecloses and takes title to a contaminated facility or
property, the lender may incur potential CERCLA liability in various
circumstances, including among others, when it holds the facility or property
as an investment (including leasing the facility or property to a third
party), fails to market the property in a timely fashion or fails to properly
address environmental conditions at the property or facility.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended ("RCRA"), contains a
similar secured-creditor exemption for those lenders who hold a security
interest in a petroleum underground storage tank ("UST") or in real estate
containing a UST, or that acquire title to a petroleum UST or facility or
property on which such a UST is located. As under CERCLA, a lender may lose
its secured-creditor exemption and be held liable under RCRA as a UST owner
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or operator if such lender or its employees or agents participate in the
management of the UST. In addition, if the lender takes title to or possession
of the UST or the real estate containing the UST, under certain circumstances
the secured-creditor exemption may be deemed to be unavailable.
A decision in May 1990 of the United States Court of Appeals for the
Eleventh Circuit in UNITED STATES V. FLEET FACTORS CORP. very narrowly
construed CERCLA's secured-creditor exemption. The court's opinion suggested
that a lender need not have involved itself in the day-to-day operations of
the facility or participated in decisions relating to hazardous waste to be
liable under CERCLA; rather, liability could attach to a lender if its
involvement with the management of the facility were broad enough to support
the inference that the lender had the capacity to influence the borrower's
treatment of hazardous waste. The court added that a lender's capacity to
influence such decisions could be inferred from the extent of its involvement
in the facility's financial management. A subsequent decision by the United
States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in IN RE BERGSOE METAL CORP.,
apparently disagreeing with, but not expressly contradicting, the FLEET
FACTORS court, held that a secured lender had no liability absent "some actual
management of the facility" on the part of the lender.
Court decisions have taken varying views of the scope of the secured-
creditor exemption, leading to administrative and legislative efforts to
provide guidance to lenders on the scope of activities that would trigger
CERCLA and/or RCRA liability. Until recently, these efforts have failed to
provide substantial guidance.
On September 28, 1996, however, Congress enacted, and on September 30, 1996
the President signed into law the Asset Conservation Lender Liability and
Deposit Insurance Protection Act of 1996 (the "ASSET CONSERVATION ACT"). The
Asset Conservation Act was intended to clarify the scope of the secured
creditor exemption under both CERCLA and RCRA. The Asset Conservation Act more
explicitly defined the kinds of "participation in management" that would
trigger liability under CERCLA and specified certain activities that would not
constitute "participation in management" or otherwise result in a forfeiture
of the secured-creditor exemption prior to foreclosure or during a workout
period. The Asset Conservation Act also clarified the extent of protection
against liability under CERCLA in the event of foreclosure and authorized
certain regulatory clarifications of the scope of the secured-creditor
exemption for purposes of RCRA, similar to the statutory protections under
CERCLA. However, since the courts have not yet had the opportunity to
interpret the new statutory provisions, the scope of the additional
protections offered by the Asset Conservation Act is not fully defined. It
also is important to note that the Asset Conservation Act does not offer
complete protection to lenders and that the risk of liability remains.
If a secured lender does become liable, it may be entitled to bring an
action for contribution against the owner or operator who created the
environmental contamination or against some other liable party, but that
person or entity may be bankrupt or otherwise judgment-proof. It is therefore
possible that cleanup or other environmental liability costs could become a
liability of the Trust Fund and occasion a loss to the Trust Fund and to
Securityholders in certain circumstances. The new secured creditor amendments
to CERCLA, also, would not necessarily affect the potential for liability in
actions by either a state or a private party under other federal or state laws
which may impose liability on "owners or operators" but do not incorporate the
secured-creditor exemption.
Traditionally, residential mortgage lenders have not taken steps to evaluate
whether hazardous wastes or hazardous substances are present with respect to
any mortgaged property prior to the origination of the mortgage loan or prior
to foreclosure or accepting a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. Neither the
Depositor nor any Servicer makes any representations or warranties
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or assumes any liability with respect to: environmental conditions of such
Mortgaged Property; the absence, presence or effect of hazardous wastes or
hazardous substances on, near or emanating from such Mortgaged Property; the
impact on Securityholders of any environmental condition or presence of any
substance on or near such Mortgaged Property; or the compliance of any
Mortgaged Property with any environmental laws. In addition, no agent, person
or entity otherwise affiliated with the Depositor is authorized or able to
make any such representation, warranty or assumption of liability relative to
any such Mortgaged Property.
DUE-ON-SALE CLAUSES
The Mortgage Loans may contain due-on-sale clauses. These clauses generally
provide that the lender may accelerate the maturity of the loan if the
mortgagor sells, transfers or conveys the related Mortgaged Property. The
enforceability of due-on-sale clauses has been the subject of legislation or
litigation in many states and, in some cases, the enforceability of these
clauses was limited or denied. However, with respect to certain loans the
Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 (the "GARN-ST. GERMAIN
ACT") preempts state constitutional, statutory and case law that prohibits the
enforcement of due-on-sale clauses and permits lenders to enforce these
clauses in accordance with their terms, subject to certain limited exceptions.
Due-on-sale clauses contained in mortgage loans originated by federal savings
and loan associations of federal savings banks are fully enforceable pursuant
to regulations of the United States Federal Home Loan Bank Board, as succeeded
by the Office of Thrift Supervision, which preempt state law restrictions on
the enforcement of such clauses. Similarly, "due-on-sale" clauses in mortgage
loans made by national banks and federal credit unions are now fully
enforceable pursuant to preemptive regulations of the Comptroller of the
Currency and the National Credit Union Administration, respectively.
The Garn-St. Germain Act also sets forth nine specific instances in which a
mortgage lender covered by the act (including federal savings and loan
associations and federal savings banks) may not exercise a "due-on-sale"
clause, notwithstanding the fact that a transfer of the property may have
occurred. These include intra-family transfers, certain transfers by operation
of law, leases of fewer than three years and the creation of a junior
encumbrance. Regulations promulgated under the Garn-St. Germain Act also
prohibit the imposition of a prepayment penalty upon the acceleration of a
loan pursuant to a due-on-sale clause. The inability to enforce a "due-on-
sale" clause may result in a mortgage that bears an interest rate below the
current market rate being assumed by a new home buyer rather than being paid
off, which may affect the average life of the Mortgage Loans and the number of
Mortgage Loans which may extend to maturity.
PREPAYMENT CHARGES
Under certain state laws, prepayment charges may not be imposed after a
certain period of time following the origination of mortgage loans secured by
liens encumbering owner-occupied residential properties, if such loans are
paid prior to maturity. With respect to Mortgaged Properties that are owner-
occupied, it is anticipated that prepayment charges may not be imposed with
respect to many of the Mortgage Loans. The absence of such a restraint on
prepayment, particularly with respect to fixed rate Mortgage Loans having
higher Mortgage Rates, may increase the likelihood of refinancing or other
early retirement of such loans.
SUBORDINATE FINANCING
Where a mortgagor encumbers mortgaged property with one or more junior
liens, the senior lender is subjected to additional risk. First, the mortgagor
may have difficulty servicing and repaying multiple loans. In addition, if the
junior loan permits recourse to the mortgagor
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(as junior loans often do) and the senior loan does not, a mortgagor may be
more likely to repay sums due on the junior loan than those on the senior
loan. Second, acts of the senior lender that prejudice the junior lender or
impair the junior lender's security may create a superior equity in favor of
the junior lender. For example, if the mortgagor and the senior lender agree
to an increase in the principal amount of or the interest rate payable on the
senior loan, the senior lender may lose its priority to the extent any
existing junior lender is harmed or the mortgagor is additionally burdened.
Third, if the mortgagor defaults on the senior loan and/or any junior loan or
loans, the existence of junior loans and actions taken by junior lenders can
impair the security available to the senior lender and can interfere with or
delay the taking of action by the senior lender. Moreover, the bankruptcy of a
junior lender may operate to stay foreclosure or similar proceedings by the
senior lender.
APPLICABILITY OF USURY LAWS
Title V of the Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act
of 1980, enacted in March 1980 ("TITLE V"), provides that state usury
limitations shall not apply to certain types of residential first mortgage
loans originated by certain lenders after March 31, 1980. A similar federal
statute was in effect with respect to mortgage loans made during the first
three months of 1980. The Office of Thrift Supervision is authorized to issue
rules and regulations and to publish interpretations governing implementation
of Title V. The statute authorized any state to reimpose interest rate limits
by adopting, before April 1, 1983, a law or constitutional provision that
expressly rejects application of the federal law. In addition, even where
Title V is not so rejected, any state is authorized by the law to adopt a
provision limiting discount points or other charges on mortgage loans covered
by Title V. Certain states have taken action to reimpose interest rate limits
and/or to limit discount points or other charges.
The Depositor believes that a court interpreting Title V would hold that
residential first mortgage loans that are originated on or after January 1,
1980 are subject to federal preemption. Therefore, in a state that has not
taken the requisite action to reject application of Title V or to adopt a
provision limiting discount points or other charges prior to origination of
such mortgage loans, any such limitation under such state's usury law would
not apply to such mortgage loans.
In any state in which application of Title V has been expressly rejected or
a provision limiting discount points or other charges is adopted, no mortgage
loan originated after the date of such state action will be eligible for
inclusion in a Trust Fund unless (i) such mortgage loan provides for such
interest rate, discount points and charges as are permitted in such state or
(ii) such mortgage loan provides that the terms thereof shall be construed in
accordance with the laws of another state under which such interest rate,
discount points and charges would not be usurious and the mortgagor's counsel
has rendered an opinion that such choice of law provision would be given
effect.
Statutes differ in their provisions as to the consequences of a usurious
loan. One group of statutes requires the lender to forfeit the interest due
above the applicable limit or impose a specified penalty. Under this statutory
scheme, the mortgagor may cancel the recorded mortgage or deed of trust upon
paying its debt with lawful interest, and the lender may foreclose, but only
for the debt plus lawful interest. A second group of statutes is more severe.
A violation of this type of usury law results in the invalidation of the
transaction, thereby permitting the mortgagor to cancel the recorded mortgage
or deed of trust without any payment or prohibiting the lender from
foreclosing.
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ALTERNATIVE MORTGAGE INSTRUMENTS
Alternative mortgage instruments, including adjustable rate mortgage loans
and early ownership mortgage loans, originated by non-federally chartered
lenders have historically been subject to a variety of restrictions. Such
restrictions differed from state to state, resulting in difficulties in
determining whether a particular alternative mortgage instrument originated by
a state-chartered lender was in compliance with applicable law. These
difficulties were alleviated substantially as a result of the enactment of
Title VIII of the Garn-St. Germain Act ("TITLE VIII"). Title VIII provides
that, notwithstanding any state law to the contrary, state-chartered banks may
originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with regulations
promulgated by the Comptroller of the Currency with respect to origination of
alternative mortgage instruments by national banks; state-chartered credit
unions may originate alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with
regulations promulgated by the National Credit Union Administration with
respect to origination of alternative mortgage instruments by federal credit
unions; and all other non-federally chartered housing creditors, including
state-chartered savings and loan associations, state-chartered savings banks
and mutual savings banks and mortgage banking companies, may originate
alternative mortgage instruments in accordance with the regulations
promulgated by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, predecessor to the Office of
Thrift Supervision, with respect to origination of alternative mortgage
instruments by federal savings and loan associations. Title VIII provides that
any state may reject applicability of the provisions of Title VIII by
adopting, prior to October 15, 1985, a law or constitutional provision
expressly rejecting the applicability of such provisions. Certain states have
taken such action.
SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' CIVIL RELIEF ACT OF 1940
Under the terms of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, as
amended (the "RELIEF ACT"), a mortgagor who enters military service after the
origination of such mortgagor's Mortgage Loan (including a mortgagor who was
in reserve status and is called to active duty after origination of the
Mortgage Loan), may not be charged interest (including fees and charges) above
an annual rate of 6% during the period of such mortgagor's active duty status,
unless a court orders otherwise upon application of the lender. The Relief Act
applies to mortgagors who are members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines,
National Guard, Reserves, Coast Guard and officers of the U.S. Public Health
Service assigned to duty with the military. Because the Relief Act applies to
mortgagors who enter military service (including reservists who are called to
active duty) after origination of the related Mortgage Loan, no information
can be provided as to the number of loans that may be affected by the Relief
Act. Application of the Relief Act would adversely affect, for an
indeterminate period of time, the ability of the Servicer to collect full
amounts of interest on certain of the Mortgage Loans. Any shortfalls in
interest collections resulting from the application of the Relief Act would
result in a reduction of the amounts distributable to the holders of the
related series of Securities, and would not be covered by advances. Such
shortfalls will be covered by the Credit Support provided in connection with
such Securities only to the extent provided in the related Prospectus
Supplement. In addition, the Relief Act imposes limitations that would impair
the ability of the Servicer to foreclose on an affected Mortgage Loan during
the mortgagor's period of active duty status, and, under certain
circumstances, during an additional three month period thereafter. Thus, in
the event that such a Mortgage Loan goes into default, there may be delays and
losses occasioned thereby.
FORFEITURES IN DRUG AND RICO PROCEEDINGS
Federal law provides that property owned by persons convicted of drug-
related crimes or of criminal violations of the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations ("RICO") statute can be seized by the government if the
property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds
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of, such crimes. Under procedures contained in the Comprehensive Crime Control
Act of 1984 (the "CRIME CONTROL ACT"), the government may seize the property
even before conviction. The government must publish notice of the forfeiture
proceeding and may give notice to all parties "known to have an alleged
interest in the property," including the holders of mortgage loans.
A lender may avoid forfeiture of its interest in the property if it
establishes that: (i) its mortgage was executed and recorded before commission
of the crime upon which the forfeiture is based, or (ii) the lender was, at
the time of execution of the mortgage, "reasonably without cause to believe"
that the property was used in, or purchased with the proceeds of, illegal drug
or RICO activities.
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
GENERAL
The following discussion represents the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham &
Taft as to the material federal income tax consequences of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of the Securities offered hereunder. This opinion
assumes compliance with all provisions of the Agreements pursuant to which the
Securities are issued. This discussion is directed solely to Securityholders
that hold the Securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "CODE"), and does not
purport to discuss all federal income tax consequences that may be applicable
to particular categories of investors, some of which (such as banks, insurance
companies and foreign investors) may be subject to special rules. Further, the
authorities on which this discussion, and the opinion referred to below, are
based are subject to change or differing interpretations, which could apply
retroactively. In addition to the federal income tax consequences described
herein, potential investors should consider the state and local tax
consequences, if any, of the purchase, ownership and disposition of the
Securities. See "State and Other Tax Consequences." The Depositor recommends
that Securityholders consult their own tax advisors concerning the federal,
state, local or other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and
disposition of the Securities offered hereunder.
The following discussion addresses securities of four general types: (i)
securities ("REMIC SECURITIES") representing interests in a Trust Fund, or a
portion thereof, that the Trustee will elect to have treated as a real estate
mortgage investment conduit ("REMIC") under Sections 860A through 860G (the
"REMIC PROVISIONS") of the Code, (ii) securities ("GRANTOR TRUST SECURITIES")
representing interests in a Trust Fund ("GRANTOR TRUST FUND") as to which no
such election will be made, (iii) securities ("PARTNERSHIP SECURITIES")
representing interests in a Trust Fund ("PARTNERSHIP TRUST FUND") which is
treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and (iv) securities
("DEBT SECURITIES") representing indebtedness of a Partnership Trust Fund for
federal income tax purposes. The Prospectus Supplement for each series of
Securities will indicate which of the foregoing treatments will apply to such
series and, if a REMIC election (or elections) will be made for the related
Trust Fund, will identify all "regular interests" and "residual interests" in
the REMIC. For purposes of this tax discussion, (i) references to a
"Securityholder" or a "holder" are to the beneficial owner of a Security, (ii)
references to "REMIC POOL" are to an entity or portion thereof as to which a
REMIC election will be made and (iii) to the extent specified in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement, references to "Mortgage Loans" include
Contracts. Except to the extent specified in the applicable Prospectus
Supplement, no REMIC election will be made with respect to Unsecured Home
Improvement Loans.
The following discussion is based in part upon the rules governing original
issue discount that are set forth in Sections 1271-1273 and 1275 of the Code
and in the Treasury regulations
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issued thereunder (the "OID REGULATIONS"), and in part upon the REMIC
Provisions and the Treasury regulations issued thereunder (the "REMIC
REGULATIONS"). The OID Regulations do not adequately address certain issues
relevant to, and in some instances provide that they are not applicable to,
securities such as the Securities.
Taxable Mortgage Pools
Corporate income tax can be imposed on the net income of certain entities
issuing non-REMIC debt obligations secured by real estate mortgages ("TAXABLE
MORTGAGE POOLS"). Any entity other than a REMIC or a REIT will be considered a
Taxable Mortgage Pool if (i) substantially all of the assets of the entity
consist of debt obligations and more than 50% of such obligations consist of
"real estate mortgages," (ii) such entity is the obligor under debt
obligations with two or more maturities, and (iii) under the terms of the debt
obligations on which the entity is the obligor, payments on such obligations
bear a relationship to payments on the obligations held by the entity.
Furthermore, a group of assets held by an entity can be treated as a separate
Taxable Mortgage Pool if the assets are expected to produce significant cash
flow that will support one or more of the entity's issues of debt obligations.
The Depositor generally will structure offerings of non-REMIC Securities to
avoid the application of the Taxable Mortgage Pool rules.
REMICS
Classification of REMICS
With respect to each series of REMIC Securities, assuming compliance with
all provisions of the related Pooling and Servicing Agreement, in the opinion
of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the related Trust Fund (or each applicable
portion thereof) will qualify as a REMIC and the REMIC Securities offered with
respect thereto will be considered to evidence ownership of "regular
interests" ("REGULAR SECURITIES") or "residual interests" ("RESIDUAL
SECURITIES") in that REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
In order for the REMIC Pool to qualify as a REMIC, there must be ongoing
compliance on the part of the REMIC Pool with the requirements set forth in
the Code. The REMIC Pool must fulfill an asset test, which requires that no
more than a DE MINIMIS portion of the assets of the REMIC Pool, as of the
close of the third calendar month beginning after the "STARTUP DAY" (which for
purposes of this discussion is the date of issuance of the REMIC Securities)
and at all times thereafter, may consist of assets other than "qualified
mortgages" and "permitted investments." The REMIC Regulations provide a safe
harbor pursuant to which the DE MINIMIS requirement will be met if at all
times the aggregate adjusted basis of the nonqualified assets is less than 1%
of the aggregate adjusted basis of all the REMIC Pool's assets. An entity that
fails to meet the safe harbor may nevertheless demonstrate that it holds no
more than a DE MINIMIS amount of nonqualified assets. A REMIC Pool also must
provide "reasonable arrangements" to prevent its residual interests from being
held by "disqualified organizations" or agents thereof and must furnish
applicable tax information to transferors or agents that violate this
requirement. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement with respect to each Series
of REMIC Securities will contain provisions meeting these requirements. See
"Taxation of Owners of Residual Securities--Tax-Related Restrictions on
Transfer of Residual Securities--Disqualified Organizations."
A qualified mortgage is any obligation that is principally secured by an
interest in real property and that is either transferred to the REMIC Pool on
the Startup Day or is purchased by the REMIC Pool within a three-month period
thereafter pursuant to a fixed price contract in effect on the Startup Day.
Qualified mortgages include whole mortgage loans, such as the
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Mortgage Loans, and, generally, certificates of beneficial interest in a
grantor trust that holds mortgage loans and regular interests in another
REMIC, such as lower-tier regular interests in a tiered REMIC. The REMIC
Regulations specify that loans secured by timeshare interests, shares held by
a tenant stockholder in a cooperative housing corporation, and manufactured
housing that qualifies as a "single family residence" under Code section 25(e)
(10) can be qualified mortgages. A qualified mortgage includes a qualified
replacement mortgage, which is any property that would have been treated as a
qualified mortgage if it were transferred to the REMIC Pool on the Startup Day
and that is received either (i) in exchange for any qualified mortgage within
a three-month period thereafter or (ii) in exchange for a "defective
obligation" within a two-year period thereafter. A "defective obligation"
includes (i) a mortgage in default or as to which default is reasonably
foreseeable, (ii) a mortgage as to which a customary representation or
warranty made at the time of transfer to the REMIC Pool has been breached,
(iii) a mortgage that was fraudulently procured by the mortgagor, and (iv) a
mortgage that was not in fact principally secured by real property (but only
if such mortgage is disposed of within 90 days of discovery). A Mortgage Loan
that is "defective" as described in clause (iv) that is not sold or, if within
two years of the Startup Day, exchanged, within 90 days of discovery, ceases
to be a qualified mortgage after such 90-day period.
Permitted investments include cash flow investments, qualified reserve
assets, and foreclosure property. A cash flow investment is an investment,
earning a return in the nature of interest, of amounts received on or with
respect to qualified mortgages for a temporary period, not exceeding 13
months, until the next scheduled distribution to holders of interests in the
REMIC Pool. A qualified reserve asset is any intangible property held for
investment that is part of any reasonably required reserve maintained by the
REMIC Pool to provide for payments of expenses of the REMIC Pool or amounts
due on the regular or residual interests in the event of defaults (including
delinquencies) on the qualified mortgages, lower than expected reinvestment
returns, prepayment interest shortfalls and certain other contingencies. The
reserve fund will be disqualified if more than 30% of the gross income from
the assets in such fund for the year is derived from the sale or other
disposition of property held for less than three months, unless required to
prevent a default on the regular interests caused by a default on one or more
qualified mortgages. A reserve fund must be reduced "promptly and
appropriately" as payments on the Mortgage Loans are received. Foreclosure
property is real property acquired by the REMIC Pool in connection with the
default or imminent default of a qualified mortgage and generally may not be
held for more than three taxable years after the taxable year of acquisition
unless extensions are granted by the Secretary of the Treasury.
In addition to the foregoing requirements, the various interests in a REMIC
Pool also must meet certain requirements. All of the interests in a REMIC Pool
must be either of the following: (i) one or more classes of regular interests
or (ii) a single class of residual interests on which distributions, if any,
are made pro rata. A regular interest is an interest in a REMIC Pool that is
issued on the Startup Day with fixed terms, is designated as a regular
interest, and unconditionally entitles the holder to receive a specified
principal amount (or other similar amount), and provides that interest
payments (or other similar amounts), if any, at or before maturity either are
payable based on a fixed rate or a qualified variable rate, or consist of a
specified, nonvarying portion of the interest payments on qualified mortgages.
Such a specified portion may consist of a fixed number of basis points, a
fixed percentage of the total interest, or a qualified variable rate, inverse
variable rate or difference between two fixed or qualified variable rates on
some or all of the qualified mortgages. The specified principal amount of a
regular interest that provides for interest payments consisting of a
specified, nonvarying portion of interest payments on qualified mortgages may
be zero. A residual interest is an interest in a REMIC Pool other than a
regular interest that is issued on the Startup Day and that is designated as a
residual interest. An interest in a REMIC Pool may be treated as a regular
interest even if
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payments of principal with respect to such interest are subordinated to
payments on other regular interests or the residual interest in the REMIC
Pool, and are dependent on the absence of defaults or delinquencies on
qualified mortgages or permitted investments, lower than reasonably expected
returns on permitted investments, unanticipated expenses incurred by the REMIC
Pool or prepayment interest shortfalls. Accordingly, in the opinion of
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the Regular Securities of a Series will
constitute one or more classes of regular interests, and the Residual
Securities with respect to that Series will constitute a single class of
residual interests with respect to each REMIC Pool.
If an entity electing to be treated as a REMIC fails to comply with one or
more of the ongoing requirements of the Code for such status during any
taxable year, the Code provides that the entity will not be treated as a REMIC
for such year and thereafter. In that event, such entity may be taxable as a
corporation under Treasury regulations, and the related REMIC Securities may
not be accorded the status or given the tax treatment described below.
Although the Code authorizes the Treasury Department to issue regulations
providing relief in the event of an inadvertent termination of REMIC status,
no such regulations have been issued. Any such relief, moreover, may be
accompanied by sanctions, such as the imposition of a corporate tax on all or
a portion of the Trust Fund's income for the period in which the requirements
for such status are not satisfied. The Pooling and Servicing Agreement with
respect to each REMIC Pool will include provisions designed to maintain the
Trust Fund's status as a REMIC under the REMIC Provisions. It is not
anticipated that the status of any Trust Fund as a REMIC will be terminated.
Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities
In the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the REMIC Securities will
be treated as "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856(c) (4)
(A) of the Code and assets described in Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) of the Code
in the same proportion that the assets of the REMIC Pool underlying such
Securities would be so treated. Moreover, if 95% or more of the assets of the
REMIC Pool qualify for either of the foregoing treatments at all times during
a calendar year, the REMIC Securities will qualify for the corresponding
status in their entirety for that calendar year. If the assets of the REMIC
Pool include Buydown Mortgage Loans, it is possible that the percentage of
such assets constituting "loans . . . secured by an interest in real property
which is . . . residential real property" for purposes of Code Section 7701
(a) (19) (C) (v) may be required to be reduced by the amount of the related
funds paid thereon (the "BUYDOWN FUNDS"). No opinion is expressed as to the
treatment of such Buydown Funds because the law is unclear as to whether such
Buydown Funds represent an account held by the lender that reduces the
lender's investment in the mortgage loan. Such a reduction of a holder's
investment may reduce the assets qualifying for the 60% of assets test for
meeting the definition of a "domestic building and loan association." Interest
(including original issue discount) on the Regular Securities and income
allocated to the class of Residual Securities will be interest described in
Section 856 (c) (3) (B) of the Code to the extent that such Securities are
treated as "real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856 (c) (4) (A)
of the Code. In addition, in the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the
Regular Securities generally will be "qualified mortgages" within the meaning
of Section 860G (a) (3) of the Code if transferred to another REMIC on its
Startup Day in exchange for regular or residual interests therein. The
determination as to the percentage of the REMIC Pool's assets that constitute
assets described in the foregoing sections of the Code will be made with
respect to each calendar quarter based on the average adjusted basis of each
category of the assets held by the REMIC Pool during such calendar quarter.
The REMIC will report those determinations to Securityholders in the manner
and at the times required by applicable Treasury regulations. The Small
Business Job Protection Act of 1996 (the "SBJPA OF 1996") repealed the reserve
method of bad debts of domestic building and loan associations and mutual
savings banks, and thus has eliminated the
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asset category of "qualifying real property loans" in former Code Section
593(d) for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1995. The requirements
in the SBJPA of 1996 that such institutions must "recapture" a portion of
their existing bad debt reserves is suspended if a certain portion of their
assets are maintained in "residential loans" under Code Section 7701 (a) (19)
(C) (v), but only if such loans were made to acquire, construct or improve the
related real property and not for the purpose of refinancing. However, no
effort will be made to identify the portion of the Mortgage Loans of any
Series meeting this requirement, and no representation is made in this regard.
The assets of the REMIC Pool will include, in addition to Mortgage Loans,
payments on Mortgage Loans held pending distribution on the REMIC Securities
and property acquired by foreclosure held pending sale, and may include
amounts in reserve accounts. It is unclear whether property acquired by
foreclosure held pending sale and amounts in reserve accounts would be
considered to be part of the Mortgage Loans, or whether such assets (to the
extent not invested in assets described in the foregoing sections) otherwise
would receive the same treatment as the Mortgage Loans for purposes of all of
the foregoing sections. The REMIC Regulations do provide, however, that
payments on Mortgage Loans held pending distribution are considered part of
the Mortgage Loans for purposes of Section 856 (c) (4) (A) of the Code.
Furthermore, foreclosure property generally will qualify as "real estate
assets" under Section 856 (c) (4) (A) of the Code.
Tiered REMIC Structures
For certain series of REMIC Securities, two or more separate elections may
be made to treat designated portions of the related Trust Fund as REMICs
("TIERED REMICS") for federal income tax purposes. Upon the issuance of any
such series of REMIC Securities, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft will deliver
its opinion that, assuming compliance with all provisions of the related
Pooling and Servicing Agreement, the Tiered REMICs will each qualify as a
REMIC and the REMIC Securities issued by the Tiered REMICS, respectively, will
be considered to evidence ownership of Regular Securities or Residual
Securities in the related REMIC within the meaning of the REMIC Provisions.
Solely for purposes of determining whether the REMIC Securities will be
"real estate assets" within the meaning of Section 856 (c) (4) (A) of the Code
and "loans secured by an interest in real property" under Section 7701 (a)
(19) (C) of the Code, and whether the income on such Securities is interest
described in Section 856 (c) (3) (B) of the Code, the Tiered REMICs will be
treated as one REMIC.
Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities
General
In general, interest, original issue discount, and market discount on a
Regular Security will be treated as ordinary income to a holder of the Regular
Security (the "REGULAR SECURITYHOLDER"), and principal payments on a Regular
Security will be treated as a return of capital to the extent of the Regular
Securityholder's basis in the Regular Security allocable thereto. Regular
Securityholders must use the accrual method of accounting with regard to
Regular Securities, regardless of the method of accounting otherwise used by
such Regular Securityholder.
Original Issue Discount
Accrual Securities will be, and other classes of Regular Securities may be,
issued with "original issue discount" within the meaning of Code Section
1273(a). Holders of any Class or
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Subclass of Regular Securities having original issue discount generally must
include original issue discount in ordinary income for federal income tax
purposes as it accrues, in accordance with a constant yield method that takes
into account the compounding of interest, in advance of the receipt of the
cash attributable to such income. The following discussion is based in part on
temporary and final Treasury regulations issued on February 2, 1994, as
amended on June 14, 1996, (the "OID REGULATIONS") under Code Section 1271
through 1273 and 1275 and in part on the provisions of the 1986 Act. Regular
Securityholders should be aware, however, that the OID Regulations do not
adequately address certain issues relevant to prepayable securities, such as
the Regular Securities. To the extent such issues are not addressed in such
regulations, the Seller intends to apply the methodology described in the
Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act. No assurance can be provided that
the Internal Revenue Service will not take a different position as to those
matters not currently addressed by the OID Regulations. Moreover, the OID
Regulations include an anti-abuse rule allowing the Internal Revenue Service
to apply or depart from the OID Regulations where necessary or appropriate to
ensure a reasonable tax result in light of the applicable statutory
provisions. A tax result will not be considered unreasonable under the anti-
abuse rule in the absence of a substantial effect on the present value of a
taxpayer's tax liability. Investors are advised to consult their own tax
advisors as to the discussion therein and the appropriate method for reporting
interest and original issue discount with respect to the Regular Securities.
Each Regular Security (except to the extent described below with respect to
a Regular Security on which principal is distributed in a single installment
or by lots of specified principal amounts upon the request of a Securityholder
or by random lot (a "NON-PRO RATA SECURITY")) will be treated as a single
installment obligation for purposes of determining the original issue discount
includible in a Regular Securityholder's income. The total amount of original
issue discount on a Regular Security is the excess of the "stated redemption
price at maturity" of the Regular Security over its "issue price." The issue
price of a Class of Regular Securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus
generally is the first price at which a substantial amount of such Class is
sold to the public (excluding bond houses, brokers and underwriters). Although
unclear under the OID Regulations, it is anticipated that the Trustee will
treat the issue price of a Class as to which there is no substantial sale as
of the issue date or that is retained by the Depositor as the fair market
value of the Class as of the issue date. The issue price of a Regular Security
also includes any amount paid by an initial Regular Securityholder for accrued
interest that relates to a period prior to the issue date of the Regular
Security, unless the Regular Securityholder elects on its federal income tax
return to exclude such amount from the issue price and to recover it on the
first Distribution Date. The stated redemption price at maturity of a Regular
Security always includes the original principal amount of the Regular
Security, but generally will not include distributions of interest if such
distributions constitute "qualified stated interest." Under the OID
Regulations, qualified stated interest generally means interest payable at a
single fixed rate or a qualified variable rate (as described below), provided
that such interest payments are unconditionally payable at intervals of one
year or less during the entire term of the Regular Security. Because there is
no penalty or default remedy in the case of nonpayment of interest with
respect to a Regular Security, it is possible that no interest on any Class of
Regular Securities will be treated as qualified stated interest. However,
except as provided in the following three sentences or in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement, because the underlying Mortgage Loans provide for
remedies in the event of default, it is anticipated that the Trustee will
treat interest with respect to the Regular Securities as qualified stated
interest. Distributions of interest on an Accrual Security, or on other
Regular Securities with respect to which deferred interest will accrue, will
not constitute qualified stated interest, in which case the stated redemption
price at maturity of such Regular Securities includes all distributions of
interest as well as principal thereon. Likewise, it is anticipated that the
Trustee will treat an interest-only Class or a Class on which interest is
substantially disproportionate to its principal
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amount (a so-called "super-premium" Class) as having no qualified stated
interest. Where the interval between the issue date and the first Distribution
Date on a Regular Security is shorter than the interval between subsequent
Distribution Dates, the interest attributable to the additional days will be
included in the stated redemption price at maturity.
Under a DE MINIMIS rule, original issue discount on a Regular Security will
be considered to be zero if such original issue discount is less than 0.25% of
the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Security multiplied by
the weighted average maturity of the Regular Security. For this purpose, the
weighted average maturity of the Regular Security is computed as the sum of
the amounts determined by multiplying the number of full years (I.E., rounding
down partial years) from the issue date until each distribution in reduction
of stated redemption price at maturity is scheduled to be made by a fraction,
the numerator of which is the amount of each distribution included in the
stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Security and the
denominator of which is the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular
Security. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act provides that the
schedule of such distributions should be determined in accordance with the
assumed rate of prepayment of the Mortgage Loans (the "PREPAYMENT ASSUMPTION")
and the anticipated reinvestment rate, if any, relating to the Regular
Securities. The Prepayment Assumption with respect to a Series of Regular
Securities will be set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. Holders
generally must report DE MINIMIS original issue discount pro rata as principal
payments are received, and such income will be capital gain if the Regular
Security is held as a capital asset. Under the OID Regulations, however,
Regular Securityholders may elect to accrue all DE MINIMIS original issue
discount as well as market discount and market premium, under the constant
yield method. See "Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield
Method."
A Regular Securityholder generally must include in gross income for any
taxable year the sum of the "daily portions," as defined below, of the
original issue discount on the Regular Security accrued during an accrual
period for each day on which it holds the Regular Security, including the date
of purchase but excluding the date of disposition. The Trustee will treat the
monthly period ending on the day before each Distribution Date as the accrual
period. With respect to each Regular Security, a calculation will be made of
the original issue discount that accrues during each successive full accrual
period (or shorter period from the date of original issue) that ends on the
day before the related Distribution Date on the Regular Security. The
Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act states that the rate of accrual of
original issue discount is intended to be based on the Prepayment Assumption.
The original issue discount accruing in a full accrual period would be the
excess, if any, of (i) the sum of (a) the present value of all of the
remaining distributions to be made on the Regular Security as of the end of
that accrual period, and (b) the distributions made on the Regular Security
during the accrual period that are included in the Regular Security's stated
redemption price at maturity, over (ii) the adjusted issue price of the
Regular Security at the beginning of the accrual period. The present value of
the remaining distributions referred to in the preceding sentence is
calculated based on (i) the yield to maturity of the Regular Security at the
issue date, (ii) events (including actual prepayments) that have occurred
prior to the end of the accrual period, and (iii) the Prepayment Assumption.
For these purposes, the adjusted issue price of a Regular Security at the
beginning of any accrual period equals the issue price of the Regular
Security, increased by the aggregate amount of original issue discount with
respect to the Regular Security that accrued in all prior accrual periods and
reduced by the amount of distributions included in the Regular Security's
stated redemption price at maturity that were made on the Regular Security in
such prior periods. The original issue discount accruing during any accrual
period (as determined in this paragraph) will then be divided by the number of
days in the period to determine the daily portion of original issue discount
for each day in the period. With respect to an initial accrual period shorter
than a full accrual period, the daily portions of original issue
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discount must be determined according to an appropriate allocation under any
reasonable method.
Under the method described above, the daily portions of original issue
discount required to be included in income by a Regular Securityholder
generally will increase to take into account prepayments on the Regular
Securities as a result of prepayments on the Mortgage Loans that exceed the
Prepayment Assumption, and generally will decrease (but not below zero for any
period) if the prepayments are slower than the Prepayment Assumption. An
increase in prepayments on the Mortgage Loans with respect to a Series of
Regular Securities can result in both a change in the priority of principal
payments with respect to certain Classes of Regular Securities and either an
increase or decrease in the daily portions of original issue discount with
respect to such Regular Securities.
In the case of a Non-Pro Rata Security, it is anticipated that the Trustee
will determine the yield to maturity of such Security based upon the
anticipated payment characteristics of the Class as a whole under the
Prepayment Assumption. In general, the original issue discount accruing on
each Non-Pro Rata Security in a full accrual period would be its allocable
share of the original issue discount with respect to the entire Class, as
determined in accordance with the preceding paragraph. However, in the case of
a distribution in retirement of the entire unpaid principal balance of any
Non-Pro Rata Security (or portion of such unpaid principal balance), (a) the
remaining unaccrued original issue discount allocable to such Security (or to
such portion) will accrue at the time of such distribution, and (b) the
accrual of original issue discount allocable to each remaining Security of
such Class will be adjusted by reducing the present value of the remaining
payments on such Class and the adjusted issue price of such Class to the
extent attributable to the portion of the unpaid principal balance thereof
that was distributed. The Depositor believes that the foregoing treatment is
consistent with the "pro rata prepayment" rules of the OID Regulations, but
with the rate of accrual of original issue discount determined based on the
Prepayment Assumption for the Class as a whole. Investors are advised to
consult their tax advisors as to this treatment.
Acquisition Premium
A purchaser of a Regular Security having original issue discount at a price
greater than its adjusted issue price but less than its stated redemption
price at maturity will be required to include in gross income the daily
portions of the original issue discount on the Regular Security reduced pro
rata by a fraction, the numerator of which is the excess of its purchase price
over such adjusted issue price and the denominator of which is the excess of
the remaining stated redemption price at maturity over the adjusted issue
price. Alternatively, such a subsequent purchaser may elect to treat all such
acquisition premium under the constant yield method, as described below under
the heading "Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method."
Variable Rate Regular Securities
Regular Securities may provide for interest based on a variable rate. Under
the OID Regulations, interest is treated as payable at a variable rate if,
generally, (i) the issue price does not exceed the original principal balance
by more than a specified amount and (ii) the interest compounds or is payable
at least annually at current values of (a) one or more "qualified floating
rates," (b) a single fixed rate and one or more qualified floating rates, (c)
a single "objective rate," or (d) a single fixed rate and a single objective
rate that is a "qualified inverse floating rate." A floating rate is a
qualified floating rate if variations can reasonably be expected to measure
contemporaneous variations in the cost of newly borrowed funds. A multiple of
a qualified floating rate is considered a qualified floating rate only if the
rate is equal to either (a)
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the product of a qualified floating rate and a fixed multiple that is greater
than 0.65 but not more than 1.35 or (b) the product of a qualified floating
rate and a fixed multiple that is greater than 0.65 but not more than 1.35,
increased or decreased by a fixed rate. Such rate may also be subject to a
fixed cap or floor, or a cap or floor that is not reasonably expected as of
the issue date to affect the yield of the instrument significantly. An
objective rate is any rate (other than a qualified floating rate) that is
determined using a single fixed formula and that is based on objective
financial or economic information, provided that such information is not (i)
within the control of the issuer or a related party or (ii) unique to the
circumstances of the issuer or a related party. A qualified inverse floating
rate is a rate equal to a fixed rate minus a qualified floating rate that
inversely reflects contemporaneous variations in the cost of newly borrowed
funds; an inverse floating rate that is not a qualified inverse floating rate
may nevertheless be an objective rate. A Class of Regular Securities may be
issued under this Prospectus that does not have a variable rate under the
foregoing rules, for example, a Class that bears different rates at different
times during the period it is outstanding such that it is considered
significantly "front-loaded" or "back-loaded" within the meaning of the OID
Regulations. It is possible that such a Class may be considered to bear
"contingent interest" within the meaning of the OID Regulations. The OID
Regulations, as they relate to the treatment of contingent interest, are by
their terms not applicable to Regular Securities. However, if final
regulations dealing with contingent interest with respect to Regular
Securities apply the same principles as the OID Regulations, such regulations
may lead to different timing of income inclusion that would be the case under
the OID Regulations. Furthermore, application of such principles could lead to
the characterization of gain on the sale of contingent interest Regular
Securities as ordinary income. Investors should consult their tax advisors
regarding the appropriate treatment of any Regular Security that does not pay
interest at a fixed rate or variable rate as described in this paragraph.
Under the REMIC Regulations, a Regular Security (i) bearing interest at a
rate that qualifies as a variable rate under the OID Regulations that is tied
to current values of a variable rate (or the highest, lowest or average of two
or more variable rates, including a rate based on the average cost of funds of
one or more financial institutions), or a positive or negative multiple of
such a rate (plus or minus a specified number of basis points), or that
represents a weighted average of rates on some or all of the Mortgage Loans,
including such a rate that is subject to one or more caps or floors, or (ii)
bearing one or more such variable rates for one or more periods, or one or
more fixed rates for one or more periods, and a different variable rate or
fixed rate for other periods, qualifies as a regular interest in a REMIC.
Accordingly, it is anticipated that the Trustee will treat Regular Securities
that qualify as regular interests under this rule in the same manner as
obligations bearing a variable rate for original issue discount reporting
purposes.
The amount of original issue discount with respect to a Regular Security
bearing a variable rate of interest will accrue in the manner described above
under "Original Issue Discount," with the yield to maturity and future
payments on such Regular Security generally to be determined by assuming that
interest will be payable for the life of the Regular Security based on the
initial rate (or, if different, the value of the applicable variable rate as
of the pricing date) for the relevant Class. Unless required otherwise by
applicable final regulations, it is anticipated that the Trustee will treat
such variable interest as qualified stated interest, other than variable
interest on an interest-only or super-premium Class or a Class bearing
interest at a rate equal to the weighted average of the net rates on the
Mortgage Loans, which will be treated as non-qualified stated interest
includible in the stated redemption price at maturity. Ordinary income
reportable for any period will be adjusted based on subsequent changes in the
applicable interest rate index.
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Market Discount
A subsequent purchaser of a Regular Security also may be subject to the
market discount rules of Code Sections 1276 through 1278. Under these sections
and the principles applied by the OID Regulations in the context of original
issue discount, "market discount" is the amount by which the purchaser's
original basis in the Regular Security (i) is exceeded by the remaining
outstanding principal payments and interest payments other than qualified
stated interest payments due on a Regular Security, or (ii) in the case of a
Regular Security having original issue discount, is exceeded by the adjusted
issue price of such Regular Security at the time of purchase. Such purchaser
generally will be required to recognize ordinary income to the extent of
accrued market discount on such Regular Security as distributions includible
in the stated redemption price at maturity thereof are received, in an amount
not exceeding any such distribution. Such market discount would accrue in a
manner to be provided in Treasury regulations and should take into account the
Prepayment Assumption. The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act
provides that until such regulations are issued, such market discount would
accrue either (i) on the basis of a constant interest rate, or (ii) in the
ratio of stated interest allocable to the relevant period to the sum of the
interest for such period plus the remaining interest as of the end of such
period, or in the case of a Regular Security issued with original issue
discount, in the ratio of original issue discount accrued for the relevant
period to the sum of the original issue discount accrued for such period plus
the remaining original issue discount as of the end of such period. Such
purchaser also generally will be required to treat a portion of any gain on a
sale or exchange of the Regular Security as ordinary income to the extent of
the market discount accrued to the date of disposition under one of the
foregoing methods, less any accrued market discount previously reported as
ordinary income as partial distributions in reduction of the stated redemption
price at maturity were received. Such purchaser will be required to defer
deduction of a portion of the excess of the interest paid or accrued on
indebtedness incurred to purchase or carry a Regular Security over the
interest distributable thereon. The deferred portion of such interest expense
in any taxable year generally will not exceed the accrued market discount on
the Regular Security for such year. Any such deferred interest expense is, in
general, allowed as a deduction not later than the year in which the related
market discount income is recognized or the Regular Security is disposed of.
As an alternative to the inclusion of market discount in income on the
foregoing basis, the Regular Securityholder may elect to include market
discount in income currently as it accrues on all market discount instruments
acquired by such Regular Securityholder in that taxable year or thereafter, in
which case the interest deferral rule will not apply. See "Election to Treat
All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method" below regarding an alternative
manner in which such election may be deemed to be made. A person who purchases
a Regular Security at a price lower than the remaining amounts includible in
the stated redemption price at maturity of the security, but higher than its
adjusted issue price, does not acquire the Regular Security with market
discount, but will be required to report original issue discount,
appropriately adjusted to reflect the excess of the price paid over the
adjusted issue price.
Market discount with respect to a Regular Security will be considered to be
zero if such market discount is less than 0.25% of the remaining stated
redemption price at maturity of such Regular Security (or, in the case of a
Regular Security having original issue discount, the adjusted issue price of
such Regular Security) multiplied by the weighted average maturity of the
Regular Security (determined as described above in the third paragraph under
"Original Issue Discount") remaining after the date of purchase. It appears
that DE MINIMIS market discount would be reported in a manner similar to DE
MINIMIS original issue discount. See "Original Issue Discount" above.
Under provisions of the OID Regulations relating to contingent payment
obligations, a secondary purchaser of a Regular Security that has "contingent
interest" at a discount generally
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would continue to accrue interest and determine adjustments on the Regular
Security based on the original projected payment schedule devised by the
issuer of the Security. The holder of such a Regular Security would be
required, however, to allocate the difference between the adjusted issue price
of the Regular Security and its basis in the Regular Security as positive
adjustments to the accruals or projected payments on the Regular Security over
the remaining term of the Regular Security in a manner that is reasonable
(e.g., based on a constant yield to maturity).
Treasury regulations implementing the market discount rules have not yet
been issued, and uncertainty exists with respect to many aspects of those
rules. Due to the substantial lack of regulatory guidance with respect to the
market discount rules, it is unclear how those rules will affect any secondary
market that develops for a given Class of Regular Securities. Prospective
investors in Regular Securities should consult their own tax advisors
regarding the application of the market discount rules to the Regular
Securities. Investors should also consult Revenue Procedure 92-67 concerning
the elections to include market discount in income currently and to accrue
market discount on the basis of the constant yield method.
Amortizable Premium
A Regular Security purchased at a cost greater than its remaining stated
redemption price at maturity generally is considered to be purchased at a
premium. If the Regular Securityholder holds such Regular Security as a
"capital asset" within the meaning of Code Section 1221, the Regular
Securityholder may elect under Code Section 171 to amortize such premium under
a constant yield method that reflects compounding based on the interval
between payments on the Regular Security. Such election will apply to all
taxable debt obligations (including REMIC regular interests) acquired by the
Regular Securityholder at a premium held in that taxable year or thereafter,
unless revoked with the permission of the Internal Revenue Service. The
Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act indicates a Congressional intent
that the same rules that apply to the accrual of market discount on
installment obligations will also apply to amortizing bond premium under Code
Section 171 on installment obligations such as the Regular Securities,
although it is unclear whether the alternatives to the constant interest
method described above under "Market Discount" are available. Amortizable bond
premium generally will be treated as an offset to interest income on a Regular
Security, rather than as a separate deductible item. See "Election to Treat
All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method" below regarding an alternative
manner in which the Code Section 171 election may be deemed to be made.
Amortizable premium on a Regular Security that is subject to redemption at
the option of the issuer generally must be amortized as if the optional
redemption price and date were the Security's principal amount and maturity
date if doing so would result in a smaller amount of premium amortization
during the period ending with the optional redemption date. Thus, a holder of
a Regular Security would not be able to amortize any premium on a Regular
Security that is subject to optional redemption at a price equal to or greater
than the Securityholder's acquisition price unless and until the redemption
option expires. A Regular Security subject to redemption at the option of the
issuer described in the preceding sentence will be treated as having matured
on the redemption date for the redemption price and then as having been
reissued on that date for that price. Any premium remaining on the Regular
Security at the time of the deemed reissuance will be amortized on the basis
of (i) the original principal amount and maturity date or (ii) the price and
date of any succeeding optional redemption, under the principles described
above.
Election to Treat All Interest Under the Constant Yield Method
A holder of a debt instrument such as a Regular Security may elect to treat
all interest that accrues on the instrument using the constant yield method,
with none of the interest being
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treated as qualified stated interest. For purposes of applying the constant
yield method to a debt instrument subject to such an election, (i) "interest"
includes stated interest, original issue discount, DE MINIMIS original issue
discount, market discount and DE MINIMIS market discount, as adjusted by any
amortizable bond premium or acquisition premium and (ii) the debt instrument
is treated as if the instrument were issued on the holder's acquisition date
in the amount of the holder's adjusted basis immediately after acquisition. It
is unclear whether, for this purpose, the initial Prepayment Assumption would
continue to apply or if a new prepayment assumption as of the date of the
holder's acquisition would apply. A holder generally may make such an election
on an instrument by instrument basis or for a class or group of debt
instruments. However, if the holder makes such an election with respect to a
debt instrument with amortizable bond premium or with market discount, the
holder is deemed to have made elections to amortize bond premium or to report
market discount income currently as it accrues under the constant yield
method, respectively, for all premium bonds held or market discount bonds
acquired by the holder in the same taxable year or thereafter. The election is
made on the holder's federal income tax return for the year in which the debt
instrument is acquired and is irrevocable except with the approval of the
Internal Revenue Service. Investors should consult their own tax advisors
regarding the advisability of making such an election.
Treatment of Losses
Regular Securityholders will be required to report income with respect to
Regular Securities on the accrual method of accounting, without giving effect
to delays or reductions in distributions attributable to defaults or
delinquencies on the Mortgage Loans, except to the extent it can be
established that such losses are uncollectible. Accordingly, the holder of a
Regular Security, particularly a Subordinate Security, may have income, or may
incur a diminution in cash flow as a result of a default or delinquency, but
may not be able to take a deduction (subject to the discussion below) for the
corresponding loss until a subsequent taxable year. In this regard, investors
are cautioned that while they may generally cease to accrue interest income if
it reasonably appears that the interest will be uncollectible, the Internal
Revenue Service may take the position that original issue discount must
continue to be accrued in spite of its uncollectibility until the debt
instrument is disposed of in a taxable transaction or becomes worthless in
accordance with the rules of Code Section 166. To the extent the rules of Code
Section 166 regarding bad debts are applicable, it appears that Regular
Securityholders that are corporations or that otherwise hold the Regular
Securities in connection with a trade or business should in general be allowed
to deduct as an ordinary loss such loss with respect to principal sustained
during the taxable year on account of any such Regular Securities becoming
wholly or partially worthless, and that, in general, Regular Securityholders
that are not corporations and do not hold the Regular Securities in connection
with a trade or business should be allowed to deduct as a short-term capital
loss any loss sustained during the taxable year on account of a portion of any
such Regular Securities becoming wholly worthless. Although the matter is not
free from doubt, such non-corporate Regular Securityholders should be allowed
a bad debt deduction at such time as the principal balance of such Regular
Securities is reduced to reflect losses resulting from any liquidated Mortgage
Loans. The Internal Revenue Service, however, could take the position that
non-corporate holders will be allowed a bad debt deduction to reflect such
losses only after all the Mortgage Loans remaining in the Trust Estate have
been liquidated or the applicable Class of Regular Securities has been
otherwise retired. The Internal Revenue Service could also assert that losses
on the Regular Securities are deductible based on some other method that may
defer such deductions for all holders, such as reducing future cashflow for
purposes of computing original issue discount. This may have the effect of
creating "negative" original issue discount which would be deductible only
against future positive original issue discount or otherwise upon termination
of the Class. Regular
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Securityholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the
appropriate timing, amount and character of any loss sustained with respect to
such Regular Securities. While losses attributable to interest previously
reported as income should be deductible as ordinary losses by both corporate
and non-corporate holders, the Internal Revenue Service may take the position
that losses attributable to accrued original issue discount may only be
deducted as capital losses in the case of non-corporate holders who do not
hold the Regular Securities in connection with a trade or business. Special
loss rules are applicable to banks and thrift institutions, including rules
regarding reserves for bad debts. Such taxpayers are advised to consult their
tax advisors regarding the treatment of losses on Regular Securities.
Sale or Exchange of Regular Securities
If a Regular Securityholder sells or exchanges a Regular Security, the
Regular Securityholder will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference, if
any, between the amount received and its adjusted basis in the Regular
Security. The adjusted basis of a Regular Security generally will equal the
original cost of the Regular Security to the seller, increased by any original
issue discount or market discount previously included in the seller's gross
income with respect to the Regular Security and reduced by amounts included in
the stated redemption price at maturity of the Regular Security that were
previously received by the seller, by any amortized premium, and by any
recognized losses.
Except as described above with respect to market discount, and except as
provided in this paragraph, any gain or loss on the sale or exchange of a
Regular Security realized by an investor who holds the Regular Security as a
capital asset will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term or short-term
depending on whether the Regular Security has been held for the long-term
capital gain holding period (currently, more than one year). Such gain will be
treated as ordinary income (i) if a Regular Security is held as part of a
"conversion transaction" as defined in Code Section 1258 (c), up to the amount
of interest that would have accrued on the Regular Securityholder's net
investment in the conversion transaction at 120% of the appropriate applicable
Federal rate in effect at the time the taxpayer entered into the transaction
minus any amount previously treated as ordinary income with respect to any
prior disposition of property that was held as part of such transaction, (ii)
in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, to the extent such taxpayer has made
an election under Code Section 163 (d) (4) to have net capital gains taxed as
investment income at ordinary income rates, or (iii) to the extent that such
gain does not exceed the excess, if any, of (a) the amount that would have
been includible in the gross income of the holder if its yield on such Regular
Security were 110% of the applicable Federal rate as of the date of purchase,
over (b) the amount of income actually includible in the gross income of such
holder with respect to such Regular Security. In addition, gain or loss
recognized from the sale of a Regular Security by certain banks or thrift
institutions will be treated as ordinary income or loss pursuant to Code
Section 582(c). Long-term capital gains of certain noncorporate taxpayers
generally are subject to a lower maximum tax rate (20%) than ordinary income
of such taxpayers (39.6%) for property held for more than one year. Currently,
the maximum tax rate for corporations is the same with respect to both
ordinary income and capital gains.
Taxation of Owners of Residual Securities
Taxation of REMIC Income
Generally, the "daily portions" of REMIC taxable income or net loss will be
includible as ordinary income or loss in determining the federal taxable
income of holders of Residual Securities ("RESIDUAL HOLDERS"), and will not be
taxed separately to the REMIC Pool. The daily portions of REMIC taxable income
or net loss of a Residual Holder are determined by allocating
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the REMIC Pool's taxable income or net loss for each calendar quarter ratably
to each day in such quarter and by allocating such daily portion among the
Residual Holders in proportion to their respective holdings of Residual
Securities in the REMIC Pool on such day. REMIC taxable income is generally
determined in the same manner as the taxable income of an individual using the
accrual method of accounting, except that (i) the limitations on deductibility
of investment interest expense and expenses for the production of income do
not apply, (ii) all bad loans will be deductible as business bad debts, and
(iii) the limitation on the deductibility of interest and expenses related to
tax-exempt income will apply. The REMIC Pool's gross income includes interest,
original issue discount income and market discount income, if any, on the
Mortgage Loans, reduced by amortization of any premium on the Mortgage Loans,
plus income from amortization of issue premium, if any, on the Regular
Securities, plus income on reinvestment of cash flows and reserve assets, plus
any cancellation of indebtedness income upon allocation of realized losses to
the Regular Securities. The REMIC Pool's deductions include interest and
original issue discount expense on the Regular Securities, servicing fees on
the Mortgage Loans, other administrative expenses of the REMIC Pool and
realized losses on the Mortgage Loans. The requirement that Residual Holders
report their pro rata share of taxable income or net loss of the REMIC Pool
will continue until there are no Securities of any class of the related Series
outstanding.
The taxable income recognized by a Residual Holder in any taxable year will
be affected by, among other factors, the relationship between the timing of
recognition of interest, original issue discount or market discount income or
amortization of premium with respect to the Mortgage Loans, on the one hand,
and the timing of deductions for interest (including original issue discount)
or income from amortization of issue premium on the Regular Securities, on the
other hand. In the event that an interest in the Mortgage Loans is acquired by
the REMIC Pool at a discount, and one or more of such Mortgage Loans is
prepaid, the prepayment may be used in whole or in part to make distributions
in reduction of principal on the Regular Securities, and (ii) the discount on
the Mortgage Loans which is includible in income may exceed the deduction
allowed upon such distributions on those Regular Securities on account of any
unaccrued original issue discount relating to those Regular Securities. When
there is more than one Class of Regular Securities that distribute principal
sequentially, this mismatching of income and deductions is particularly likely
to occur in the early years following issuance of the Regular Securities when
distributions in reduction of principal are being made in respect of earlier
Classes of Regular Securities to the extent that such Classes are not issued
with substantial discount or are issued at a premium. If taxable income
attributable to such a mismatching is realized, in general, losses would be
allowed in later years as distributions on the later maturing Classes of
Regular Securities are made. Taxable income may also be greater in earlier
years than in later years as a result of the fact that interest expense
deductions, expressed as a percentage of the outstanding principal amount of
such a Series of Regular Securities, may increase over time as distributions
in reduction of principal are made on the lower yielding Classes of Regular
Securities, whereas, to the extent the REMIC Pool consists of fixed rate
Mortgage Loans, interest income with respect to any given Mortgage Loan will
remain constant over time as a percentage of the outstanding principal amount
of that loan. Consequently, Residual Holders must have sufficient other
sources of cash to pay any federal, state, or local income taxes due as a
result of such mismatching or unrelated deductions against which to offset
such income, subject to the discussion of "excess inclusions" below under "--
Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC Income." The timing of such
mismatching of income and deductions described in this paragraph, if present
with respect to a Series of Securities, may have a significant adverse effect
upon a Residual Holder's after-tax rate of return.
A portion of the income of a Residual Securityholder may be treated
unfavorably in three contexts: (i) it may not be offset by current or net
operating loss deductions; (ii) it will be
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considered unrelated business taxable income to tax-exempt entities; and (iii)
it is ineligible for any statutory or treaty reduction in the 30% withholding
tax otherwise available to a foreign Residual Securityholder. See "--
Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC Income" below. In addition, a
Residual Holder's taxable income during certain periods may exceed the income
reflected by such Residual Holders for such periods in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. Investors should consult their own
accountants concerning the accounting treatment of their investment in
Residual Securities.
Basis and Losses
The amount of any net loss of the REMIC Pool that may be taken into account
by the Residual Holder is limited to the adjusted basis of the Residual
Security as of the close of the quarter (or time of disposition of the
Residual Security if earlier), determined without taking into account the net
loss for the quarter. The initial adjusted basis of a purchaser of a Residual
Security is the amount paid for such Residual Security. Such adjusted basis
will be increased by the amount of taxable income of the REMIC Pool reportable
by the Residual Holder and will be decreased (but not below zero), first, by a
cash distribution from the REMIC Pool and, second, by the amount of loss of
the REMIC Pool reportable by the Residual Holder. Any loss that is disallowed
on account of this limitation may be carried over indefinitely with respect to
the Residual Holder as to whom such loss was disallowed and may be used by
such Residual Holder only to offset any income generated by the same REMIC
Pool.
A Residual Holder will not be permitted to amortize directly the cost of its
Residual Security as an offset to its share of the taxable income of the
related REMIC Pool. However, the taxable income will not include cash received
by the REMIC Pool that represents a recovery of the REMIC Pool's basis in its
assets. Although the law is unclear in certain respects, such recovery of
basis by the REMIC Pool will have the effect of amortization of the issue
price of the Residual Securities over their life. However, in view of the
possible acceleration of the income of Residual Holders described above under
"Taxation of REMIC Income," the period of time over which such issue price is
effectively amortized may be longer than the economic life of the Residual
Securities.
A Residual Security may have a negative value if the net present value of
anticipated tax liabilities exceeds the present value of anticipated cash
flows. The REMIC Regulations appear to treat the issue price of such a
residual interest as zero rather than such negative amount for purposes of
determining the REMIC Pool's basis in its assets. The preamble to the REMIC
Regulations states that the Internal Revenue Service may provide future
guidance on the proper tax treatment of payments made by a transferor of such
a residual interest to induce the transferee to acquire the interest, and
Residual Holders should consult their own tax advisors in this regard.
Further, to the extent that the initial adjusted basis of a Residual Holder
(other than an original holder) in the Residual Security is greater than the
corresponding portion of the REMIC Pool's basis in the Mortgage Loans, the
Residual Holder will not recover a portion of such basis until termination of
the REMIC Pool unless future Treasury regulations provide for periodic
adjustments to the REMIC income otherwise reportable by such holder. The REMIC
Regulations currently in effect do not so provide. See "--Treatment of Certain
Items of REMIC Income and Expense--Market Discount" below regarding the basis
of Mortgage Loans to the REMIC Pool and "Sale or Exchange of a Residual
Security" below regarding possible treatment of a loss upon termination of the
REMIC Pool as a capital loss.
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Treatment of Certain Items of REMIC Income and Expense
Although it is anticipated that the Trustee will compute REMIC income and
expense in accordance with the Code and applicable regulations, the
authorities regarding the determination of specific items of income and
expense are subject to differing interpretations. The Depositor makes no
representation as to the specific method that will be used for reporting
income with respect to the Mortgage Loans and expenses with respect to the
Regular Securities, and different methods could result in different timing or
reporting of taxable income or net loss to Residual Holders or differences in
capital gain versus ordinary income.
Original Issue Discount and Premium. Generally, the REMIC Pool's deductions
for original issue discount and income from amortization of premium will be
determined in the same manner as original issue discount income on Regular
Securities as described above under "Taxation of Owners of Regular
Securities--Original Issue Discount" and "--Variable Rate Regular Securities,"
without regard to the DE MINIMIS rule described therein, and "--Amortizable
Premium."
Market Discount. The REMIC Pool will have market discount income in respect
of Mortgage Loans if, in general, the basis of the REMIC Pool in such Mortgage
Loans is exceeded by their unpaid principal balances. The REMIC Pool's basis
in such Mortgage Loans is generally the fair market value of the Mortgage
Loans immediately after the transfer thereof to the REMIC Pool. The REMIC
Regulations provide that such basis is equal in the aggregate to the issue
prices of all regular and residual interests in the REMIC Pool. The accrued
portion of such market discount would be recognized currently as an item of
ordinary income in a manner similar to original issue discount. Market
discount income generally should accrue in the manner described above under
"Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Market Discount."
Premium. Generally, if the basis of the REMIC Pool in the Mortgage Loans
exceeds the unpaid principal balances thereof, the REMIC Pool will be
considered to have acquired such Mortgage Loans at a premium equal to the
amount of such excess. As stated above, the REMIC Pool's basis in Mortgage
Loans is the fair market value of the Mortgage Loans, based on the aggregate
of the issue prices of the regular and residual interests in the REMIC Pool
immediately after the transfer thereof to the REMIC Pool. In a manner
analogous to the discussion above under "Taxation of Owners of Regular
Securities--Amortizable Premium," a person that holds a Mortgage Loan as a
capital asset under Code Section 1221 may elect under Code Section 171 to
amortize premium on Mortgage Loans originated after September 27, 1985 under
the constant yield method. Amortizable bond premium will be treated as an
offset to interest income on the Mortgage Loans, rather than as a separate
deduction item. Because substantially all of the mortgagors on the Mortgage
Loans are expected to be individuals, Code Section 171 will not be available
for premium on Mortgage Loans originated on or prior to September 27, 1985.
Premium with respect to such Mortgage Loans may be deductible in accordance
with a reasonable method regularly employed by the holder thereof. The
allocation of such premium pro rata among principal payments should be
considered a reasonable method; however, the Internal Revenue Service may
argue that such premium should be allocated in a different manner, such as
allocating such premium entirely to the final payment of principal.
Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC Income
A portion (or all) of the REMIC taxable income includible in determining the
federal income tax liability of a Residual Holder will be subject to special
treatment. That portion, referred to as the "excess inclusion," is equal to
the excess of REMIC taxable income for the calendar quarter allocable to a
Residual Security over the daily accruals for such quarterly period of (i)
120% of
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the long-term applicable Federal rate that would have applied to the Residual
Security (if it were a debt instrument) on the Startup Day under Code Section
1274(d), multiplied by (ii) the adjusted issue price of such Residual Security
at the beginning of such quarterly period. For this purpose, the adjusted
issue price of a Residual Security at the beginning of a quarter is the issue
price of the Residual Security, plus the amount of such daily accruals of
REMIC income described in this paragraph for all prior quarters, decreased by
any distributions made with respect to such Residual Security prior to the
beginning of such quarterly period. Accordingly, the portion of the REMIC
Pool's taxable income that will be treated as excess inclusions will be a
larger portion of such income as the adjusted issue price of the Residual
Securities diminishes.
The portion of a Residual Holder's REMIC taxable income consisting of the
excess inclusions generally may not be offset by other deductions, including
net operating loss carryforwards, on such Residual Holder's return. However,
net operating loss carryovers are determined without regard to excess
inclusion income. Further, if the Residual Holder is an organization subject
to the tax on unrelated business income imposed by Code Section 511, the
Residual Holder's excess inclusions will be treated as unrelated business
taxable income of such Residual Holder for purposes of Code Section 511. In
addition, REMIC taxable income is subject to 30% withholding tax with respect
to certain persons who are not U.S. Persons (as defined below under "Tax-
Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities--Foreign Investors"),
and the portion thereof attributable to excess inclusions is not eligible for
any reduction in the rate of withholding tax (by treaty or otherwise). See
"Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors--Residual Securities" below. Finally,
if a real estate investment trust or a regulated investment company owns a
Residual Security, a portion (allocated under Treasury regulations yet to be
issued) of dividends paid by the real estate investment trust or regulated
investment company could not be offset by net operating losses of its
shareholders, would constitute unrelated business taxable income for tax-
exempt shareholders, and would be ineligible for reduction of withholding to
certain persons who are not U.S. Persons. The SBJPA of 1996 has eliminated the
special rule permitting Section 593 institutions ("THRIFT INSTITUTIONS") to
use net operating losses and other allowable deductions to offset their excess
inclusion income from Residual Securities that have "significant value" within
the meaning of the REMIC Regulations, effective for taxable years beginning
after December 31, 1995, except with respect to Residual Securities
continuously held by a thrift institution since November 1, 1995.
In addition, the SBJPA of 1996 provides three rules for determining the
effect of excess inclusions on the alternative minimum taxable income of a
Residual Holder. First, alternative minimum taxable income for a Residual
Holder is determined without regard to the special rule, discussed above, that
taxable income cannot be less than excess inclusions. Second, a Residual
Holder's alternative minimum taxable income for a taxable year cannot be less
than the excess inclusions for the year. Third, the amount of any alternative
minimum tax net operating loss deduction must be computed without regard to
any excess inclusions. These rules are effective for taxable years beginning
after December 31, 1986, unless a Residual Holder elects to have such rules
apply only to taxable years beginning after August 20, 1996.
Tax-Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities
Disqualified Organizations. If any legal or beneficial interest in a
Residual Security is transferred to a Disqualified Organization (as defined
below), a tax would be imposed in an amount equal to the product of (i) the
present value of the total anticipated excess inclusions with respect to such
Residual Security for periods after the transfer and (ii) the highest marginal
federal income tax rate applicable to corporations. The REMIC Regulations
provide that the anticipated excess inclusions are based on actual prepayment
experience to the date of the
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transfer and projected payments based on the Prepayment Assumption. The
present value rate equals the applicable Federal rate under Code Section
1274(d) as of the date of the transfer for a term ending with the last
calendar quarter in which excess inclusions are expected to accrue. Such rate
is applied to the anticipated excess inclusions from the end of the remaining
calendar quarters in which they arise to the date of the transfer. Such a tax
generally would be imposed on the transferor of the Residual Security, except
that where such transfer is through an agent (including a broker, nominee, or
other middleman) for a Disqualified Organization, the tax would instead be
imposed on such agent. However, a transferor of a Residual Security would in
no event be liable for such tax with respect to a transfer if the transferee
furnished to the transferor an affidavit stating that the transferee is not a
Disqualified Organization and, as of the time of the transfer, the transferor
does not have actual knowledge that such affidavit is false. The tax also may
be waived by the Internal Revenue Service if the Disqualified Organization
promptly disposes of the Residual Security and the transferor pays income tax
at the highest corporate rate on the excess inclusion for the period the
Residual Security is actually held by the Disqualified Organization.
In addition, if a "Pass-Through Entity" (as defined below) has excess
inclusion income with respect to a Residual Security during a taxable year and
a Disqualified Organization is the record holder of an equity interest in such
entity, then a tax is imposed on such entity equal to the product of (i) the
amount of excess inclusions that are allocable to the interest in the Pass-
Through Entity during the period such interest is held by such Disqualified
Organization, and (ii) the highest marginal federal corporate income tax rate.
Such tax would be deductible from the ordinary gross income of the Pass-
Through Entity for the taxable year. The Pass-Through Entity would not be
liable for such tax if it has received an affidavit from such record holder
that it is not a Disqualified Organization or stating such holder's taxpayer
identification number and, during the period such person is the record holder
of the Residual Security, the Pass-Through Entity does not have actual
knowledge that such affidavit is false.
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 1998, if an "electing
large partnership" holds a Residual Security, all interests in the electing
large partnership are treated as held by Disqualified Organizations for
purposes of the tax imposed upon a Pass-Through Entity by section 860E (c) of
the Code. An exception to this tax, otherwise available to a Pass-Through
Entity that is furnished certain affidavits by record holders of interests in
the entity and that does not know such affidavits are false, is not available
to an electing large partnership.
For these purposes, (i) "DISQUALIFIED ORGANIZATION" means the United States,
any state or political subdivision thereof, any foreign government, any
international organization, any agency or instrumentality of any of the
foregoing (provided, that such term does not include an instrumentality if all
of its activities are subject to tax and a majority of its board of directors
in not selected by any such governmental entity), any cooperative organization
furnishing electric energy or providing telephone service or persons in rural
areas as described in Code Section 1381 (a) (2) (C), and any organization
(other than a farmers' cooperative described in Code Section 531) that is
exempt from taxation under the Code unless such organization is subject to the
tax on unrelated business income imposed by Code Section 511, and (ii) "PASS-
THROUGH ENTITY" means any regulated investment company, real estate investment
trust, common trust fund, partnership, trust or estate and certain
corporations operating on a cooperative basis. Except as may be provided in
Treasury regulations, any person holding an interest in a Pass-Through Entity
as a nominee for another will, with respect to such interest, be treated as a
Pass-Through Entity.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement with respect to a Series will provide
that no legal or beneficial interest in a Residual Security may be transferred
or registered unless (i) the proposed transferee furnished to the transferor
and the Trustee an affidavit providing its
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taxpayer identification number and stating that such transferee is the
beneficial owner of the Residual Security and is not a Disqualified
Organization and is not purchasing such Residual Security on behalf of a
Disqualified Organization (I.E., as a broker, nominee or middleman thereof)
and (ii) the transferor provides a statement in writing to the Trustee that it
has no actual knowledge that such affidavit is false. Moreover, the Pooling
and Servicing Agreement will provide that any attempted or purported transfer
in violation of these transfer restrictions will be null and void and will
vest no rights in any purported transferee. Each Residual Security with
respect to a Series will bear a legend referring to such restrictions on
transfer, and each Residual Holder will be deemed to have agreed, as a
condition of ownership thereof, to any amendments to the related Pooling and
Servicing Agreement required under the Code or applicable Treasury regulations
to effectuate the foregoing restrictions. Information necessary to compute an
applicable excise tax must be furnished to the Internal Revenue Service and to
the requesting party within 60 days of the request, and the Seller or the
Trustee may charge a fee for computing and providing such information.
Noneconomic Residual Interests. The REMIC Regulations would disregard
certain transfers of Residual Securities, in which case the transferor would
continue to be treated as the owner of the Residual Securities and thus would
continue to be subject to tax on its allocable portion of the net income of
the REMIC Pool. Under the REMIC Regulations, a transfer of a "noneconomic
residual interest" (as defined below) to a Residual Holder (other than a
Residual Holder who is not a U.S. Person as defined below under "Foreign
Investors") is disregarded to all federal income tax purposes if a significant
purpose of the transfer is to impede the assessment or collection of tax. A
residual interest in a REMIC (including a residual interest with a positive
value at issuance) is a "noneconomic residual interest" unless, at the time of
the transfer, (i) the present value of the expected future distributions on
the residual interest at least equals the product of the present value of the
anticipated excess inclusions and the highest corporate income tax rate in
effect for the year in which the transfer occurs, and (ii) the transferor
reasonably expects that the transferee will receive distributions from the
REMIC at or after the time at which taxes accrue on the anticipated excess
inclusions in an amount sufficient to satisfy the accrued taxes on each excess
inclusion. The anticipated excess inclusions and the present value rate are
determined in the same manner as set forth above under "Disqualified
Organizations." The REMIC Regulations explain that a significant purpose to
impede the assessment or collection of tax exists if the transferor, at the
time of the transfer, either knew or should have known that the transferee
would be unwilling or unable to pay taxes due on its share of the taxable
income of the REMIC. A safe harbor is provided if (i) the transferor
conducted, at the time of the transfer, a reasonable investigation of the
financial condition of the transferee and found that the transferee
historically had paid its debts as they came due and found no significant
evidence to indicate that the transferee would not continue to pay its debts
as they came due in the future, and (ii) the transferee represents to the
transferor that it understands that, as the holder of the non-economic
residual interest, the transferee may incur liabilities in excess of any cash
flows generated by the interest and that the transferee intends to pay taxes
associated with holding the residual interest as they become due. The Pooling
and Servicing Agreement with respect to each Series of Certificates will
require the transferee of a Residual Security to certify to the matters in the
preceding sentence as part of the affidavit described above under the heading
"Disqualified Organizations."
Foreign Investors. The REMIC Regulations provide that the transfer of a
Residual Security that has "tax avoidance potential" to a "foreign person"
will be disregarded for all federal tax purposes. This rule appears intended
to apply to a transferee who is not a "U.S. Person" (as defined below), unless
such transferee's income is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade
or business within the United States. A Residual Security is deemed to have
tax avoidance potential unless, at the time of the transfer, (i) the future
value of expected distributions equals
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at least 30% of the anticipated excess inclusions after the transfer, and (ii)
the transferor reasonably expects that the transferee will receive sufficient
distributions from the REMIC Pool at or after the time at which the excess
inclusions accrue and prior to the end of the next succeeding taxable year for
the accumulated withholding tax liability to be paid. If the non-U.S. Person
transfers the Residual Security back to a U.S. Person, the transfer will be
disregarded and the foreign transferor will continue to be treated as the
owner unless arrangements are made so that the transfer does not have the
effect of allowing the transferor to avoid tax on accrued excess inclusions.
The Prospectus Supplement relating to the Certificates of a Series may
provide that a Residual Security may not be purchased by or transferred to any
person that is not a U.S. Person or may describe the circumstances and
restrictions pursuant to which such a transfer may be made. The term "U.S.
PERSON" means a citizens or resident of the United States, a corporation,
partnership (except as provided in applicable Treasury regulations) or other
entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any
political subdivision thereof, an estate that is subject to U.S. federal
income tax regardless of the source of its income, or a trust if a court
within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the
administration of such trust and one or more such U.S. Persons have the
authority to control all substantial decisions of such trust (or, to the
extent provided in applicable Treasury regulations, certain trusts in
existence on August 20, 1996 which are eligible to elect to be treated as U.S.
Persons).
Sale or Exchange of a Residual Security
Upon the sale or exchange of a Residual Security, the Residual Holder will
recognize gain or loss equal to the excess, if any, of the amount realized
over the adjusted basis (as described above under "Taxation of Owners of
Residual Securities--Basis and Losses") of such Residual Holder in such
Residual Security at the time of the sale or exchange. In addition to
reporting the taxable income of the REMIC Pool, a Residual Holder will have
taxable income to the extent that any cash distribution to it from the REMIC
Pool exceeds such adjusted basis on that Distribution Date. Such income will
be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of the Residual Holder's Residual
Security, in which case, if the Residual Holder has an adjusted basis in its
Residual Security remaining when its interest in the REMIC Pool terminates,
and if it holds such Residual Security as a capital asset under Code Section
1221, then it will recognize a capital loss at that time in the amount of such
remaining adjusted basis.
Any gain on the sale of a Residual Security will be treated as ordinary
income (i) if a Residual Security is held as part of a "conversion
transaction" as defined in Code Section 1258(c), up to the amount of interest
that would have accrued on the Residual Holder's net investment in the
conversion transaction at 120% of the appropriate applicable Federal rate in
effect at the time the taxpayer entered into the transaction minus any amount
previously treated as ordinary income with respect to any prior disposition of
property that was held as a part of such transaction or (ii) in the case of a
non-corporate taxpayer, to the extent such taxpayer has made an election under
Code Section 163 (d) (4) to have net capital gains taxed as investment income
at ordinary income rates. In addition, gain or loss recognized from the sale
of a Residual Security by certain banks or thrift institutions will be treated
as ordinary income or loss pursuant to Code Section 582(c).
The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act provides that, except as
provided in Treasury regulations yet to be issued, the wash sale rules of Code
Section 1091 will apply to dispositions of Residual Securities where the
seller of the Residual Security, during the period beginning six months before
the sale or disposition of the Residual Security and ending six months after
such sale or disposition, acquires (or enters into any other transaction that
results
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in the application of Code Section 1091) any residual interest in any REMIC or
any interest in a "taxable mortgage pool" (such as a non-REMIC owner trust)
that is economically comparable to a Residual Security.
Mark to Market Regulations
On December 24, 1996, the Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations
(the "MARK TO MARKET REGULATIONS") under Code Section 475 relating to the
requirement that a securities dealer mark to market securities held for sale
to customers. This mark-to-market requirement applies to all securities of a
dealer, except to the extent that the dealer has specifically identified a
security as held for investment. The Mark to Market Regulations provide that,
for purposes of this mark to market requirement, a Residual Security is not
treated as a security and thus may not be marked to market. The Mark to Market
Regulations apply to all Residual Securities acquired on or after January 4,
1995.
Taxes That May Be Imposed on the REMIC Pool
Prohibited Transactions
Income from certain transaction by the REMIC Pool, called prohibited
transactions, will not be part of the calculation of income or loss includible
in the federal income tax returns of Residual Holders, but rather will be
taxed directly to the REMIC Pool at a 100% rate. Prohibited transactions
generally include (i) the disposition of a qualified mortgages other than for
(a) substitution within two years of the Startup Day for a defective
(including a defaulted) obligation (or repurchase in lieu of substitution of a
defective (including a defaulted) obligation at any time) or for any qualified
mortgage within three months of the Startup Day, (b) foreclosure, default, or
imminent default of a qualified mortgage, (c) bankruptcy or insolvency of the
REMIC Pool, or (d) a qualified (complete) liquidation, (ii) the receipt of
income from assets that are not the type of mortgages or investments that the
REMIC Pool is permitted to hold, (iii) the receipt of compensation for
services, or (iv) the receipt of gain from disposition of cash flow
investments other than pursuant to a qualified liquidation. Notwithstanding
(i) and (iv), it is not a prohibited transaction to sell a qualified mortgage
or cash flow investment held by a REMIC Pool to prevent a default on Regular
Securities as a result of a default on qualified mortgages or to facilitate a
clean-up call (generally, an optional termination to save administrative costs
when no more than a small percentage of the Securities is outstanding). The
REMIC Regulations indicate that the modification of a Mortgage Loan generally
will not be treated as a disposition if it is occasioned by a default or
reasonably foreseeable default, an assumption of the Mortgage Loan, the waiver
of a due-on-sale or due-on-encumbrance clause, or the conversion of an
interest rate by a mortgagor pursuant to the terms of a convertible adjustable
rate Mortgage Loan.
Contributions to the REMIC Pool After the Startup Day
In general, the REMIC Pool will be subject to a tax at a 100% rate on the
value of any property contributed to the REMIC Pool after the Startup Day.
Exceptions are provided for cash contributions to the REMIC Pool (i) during
the three months following the Startup Day, (ii) made to a qualified reserve
fund by a Residual Holder, (iii) in the nature of a guarantee, (iv) made to
facilitate a qualified liquidation or clean-up call, and (v) as otherwise
permitted in Treasury regulations yet to be issued. It is not anticipated that
there will be any contributions to the REMIC Pool after the Startup Day.
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Net Income from Foreclosure Property
The REMIC Pool will be subject of federal income tax at the highest
corporate rate on "net income from foreclosure property," determined by
reference to the rules applicable to real estate investment trusts. Generally,
property acquired by deed in lieu of foreclosure would be treated as
"foreclosure property" until the close of the third calender year after the
year in which the REMIC Pool acquired such property, with possible extensions.
Net income from foreclosure property generally means gain from the sale of a
foreclosure property that is inventory property and gross income from
foreclosure property other than qualifying rents and other qualifying income
for a real estate investment trust. It is not anticipated that the REMIC Pool
will have any taxable net income from foreclosure property.
Liquidation of the REMIC Pool
If a REMIC Pool adopts a plan of complete liquidation, within the meaning of
Code Section 860F (a) (4) (A) (i), which may be accomplished by designating in
the REMIC Pool's final tax return a date on which such adoption is deemed to
occur, and sells all of its assets (other than cash) within a 90-day period
beginning on such date, the REMIC Pool will not be subject to the prohibited
transaction rules on the sale of its assets, provided that the REMIC Pool
credits or distributes in liquidation all of the sale proceeds plus its cash
(other than amounts retained to meet claims) to holders of Regular Securities
and Residual Holders within the 90-day period.
Administrative Matters
The REMIC Pool will be required to maintain its books on a calendar year
basis and to file federal income tax returns for federal income tax purposes
in a manner similar to a partnership. The form for such income tax return is
Form 1066, U.S. Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit Income Tax Return. The
Trustee will be required to sign the REMIC Pool's returns. Treasury
regulations provide that, except where there is a single Residual Holder for
an entire taxable year, the REMIC Pool will be subject to the procedural and
administrative rules of the Code applicable to partnerships, including the
determination by the Internal Revenue Service of any adjustments to, among
other things, items of REMIC income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit in a
unified administrative proceeding. The Master Servicer will be obligated to
act as "tax matters person," as defined in applicable Treasury regulations,
with respect to the REMIC Pool as agent of the Residual Holders holding the
largest percentage interest in the Residual Securities. If the Code or
applicable Treasury regulations do not permit the Master Servicer to act as
tax matters person in its capacity as agent of such Residual Holder, such
Residual Holder or such other person specified pursuant to Treasury
regulations will be required to act as tax matters person. The tax matters
person generally has responsibility for overseeing and providing notice to the
other Residual Holders of certain administrative and judicial proceedings
regarding the REMIC Pool's tax affairs, although other holders of the Residual
Securities of the same series would be able to participate in such proceedings
in appropriate circumstances.
Limitations on Deduction of Certain Expenses
An investor who is an individual, estate, or trust will be subject to
limitation with respect to certain itemized deductions described in Code
Section 67, to the extent that such itemized deductions, in the aggregate, do
not exceed 2% of the investor's adjusted gross income. In addition, Code
Section 68 provides that itemized deductions otherwise allowable for a taxable
year of an individual taxpayer will be reduced by the lesser or (i) 3% of the
excess, if any, of adjusted gross income over $100,000 ($50,000 in the case of
a married individual filing a separate return) (subject to adjustment for
inflation), or (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions otherwise
allowable for such year. In the case of a REMIC Pool, such deductions may
include deductions under Code Section 212 for the Servicing Fee and all
administrative and
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other expenses relating to the REMIC Pool, or any similar expenses allocated
to the REMIC Pool with respect to a regular interest it holds in another
REMIC. Such investors who hold REMIC Securities either directly or indirectly
through certain pass-through entities may have their pro rata share of such
expenses allocated to them as additional gross income, but may be subject to
such limitation on deductions. In addition, such expenses are not deductible
at all for purposes of computing the alternative minimum tax, and may cause
such investors to be subject to significant additional tax liability.
Temporary Treasury regulations provide that the additional gross income and
corresponding amount of expenses generally are to be allocated entirely to the
holders of Residual Securities in the case of a REMIC Pool that would not
qualify as a fixed investment trust in the absence of a REMIC election. With
respect to a REMIC Pool that would be classified as an investment trust in the
absence of a REMIC election or that is substantially similar to an investment
trust, any holder of a Regular Security that is an individual, trust, estate,
or pass-through entity also will be allocated its pro rata share of such
expenses and a corresponding amount of income and will be subject to the
limitations or deductions imposed by Code Sections 67 and 68, as described
above. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will indicate if all such expenses
will not be allocable to the Residual Securities. In general, such allocable
portion will be determined based on the ratio that a REMIC Securityholder's
income, determined on a daily basis, bears to the income of all holders of
Regular Securities and Residual Securities with respect to a REMIC Pool. As a
result, individuals, estates or trusts holding REMIC Securities (either
directly or indirectly through a grantor trust, partnership, S corporation,
REMIC, or certain other pass-through entities described in the foregoing
temporary Treasury regulations) may have taxable income in excess of the
interest income at the pass-through rate on Regular Securities that are issued
in a single class or otherwise consistently with fixed investment trust status
or in excess of cash distributions for the related period on Residual
Securities.
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors
Regular Securities
Interest, including original issue discount, distributable to Regular
Securityholders who are non-resident aliens, foreign corporations, or other
Non-U.S. Persons (as defined below), generally will be considered "portfolio
interest" and, therefore, generally will not be subject to 30% United States
withholding tax, provided that (i) such interest is not effectively connected
with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States of the
Securityholder, (ii) such Non-U.S. Person is not a "10-percent shareholder"
within the meaning of Code Section 871 (h) (3) (B) or a controlled foreign
corporation described in Code Section 881 (c) (3) (C) and (iii) such Non-U.S.
Person provides the Trustee, or the person who would otherwise be required to
withhold tax from such distributions under Code Section 1441 or 1442, with an
appropriate statement, signed under penalties of perjury, identifying the
beneficial owner and stating, among other things, that the beneficial owner of
the Regular Security is a Non-U.S. Person. If such statement, or any other
required statement, is not provided, 30% withholding will apply unless reduced
or eliminated pursuant to an applicable tax treaty or unless the interest on
the Regular Security is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or
business within the United States by such Non-U.S. Person. In the latter case,
such Non-U.S. Person will be subject to United States federal income tax at
regular rates. Investors who are Non-U.S. Persons should consult their own tax
advisors regarding the specific tax consequences to them of owning a Regular
Security. The term "NON-U.S. PERSON" means any person who is not a U.S.
Person.
The IRS recently issued final regulations (the "NEW REGULATIONS") which
would provide alternative methods of satisfying the beneficial ownership
certification requirement described above. The New Regulations are effective
January 1, 2000, although valid withholding certificates that are held on
December 31, 1999 remain valid until the earlier of December 31,
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2000 or the due date of expiration of the certificate under the rules as
currently in effect. The New Regulations would require, in the case of Regular
Certificates held by a foreign partnership, that (x) the certification
described above be provided by the partners rather than by the foreign
partnership and (y) the partnership provide certain information, including a
United States taxpayer identification number. A look-through rule would apply
in the case of tiered partnerships. Non-U.S. Persons should consult their own
tax advisors concerning the application of the certification requirements in
the New Regulations.
Residual Securities
The Conference Committee Report to the 1986 Act indicates that amounts paid
to Residual Holders who are Non-U.S. Persons generally should be treated as
interest for purposes of the 30% (or lower treaty rate) United States
withholding tax. Treasury regulations provide that amount distributed to
Residual Holders may qualify as "portfolio interest," subject to the
conditions described in "Regular Securities" above, but only to the extent
that (i) the Mortgage Loans were issued after July 18, 1984 and (ii) the Trust
Estate or segregated pool of assets therein (as to which a separate REMIC
election will be made), to which the Residual Security relates, consists of
obligations issued in "registered form" within the meaning of Code Section 163
(f) (1). Generally, Mortgage Loans will not be, but regular interests in
another REMIC Pool will be, considered obligations issued in registered form.
Furthermore, Residual Holders will not be entitled to any exemption from the
30% withholding tax (or lower treaty rate) to the extent of that portion of
REMIC taxable income that constitutes an "excess inclusion." See "Taxation of
Owners of Residual Securities--Limitations on Offset or Exemption of REMIC
Income." If the amounts paid to Residual Holders who are Non-U.S. Persons are
effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the
United States by such Non-U.S. Persons, 30% (or lower treaty rate) withholding
will not apply. Instead, the amounts paid to such Non-U.S. Persons will be
subject to United States federal income tax at regular rates. If 30% (or lower
treaty rate) withholding is applicable, such amounts generally will be taken
into account for purposes of withholding only when paid or otherwise
distributed (or when the Residual Security is disposed of) under rules similar
to withholding upon disposition of debt instruments that have original issue
discount. See "Tax-Related Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Securities--
Foreign Investors" above concerning the disregard of certain transfers having
"tax avoidance potential." Investors who are Non-U.S. Persons should consult
their own tax advisors regarding the specific tax consequences to them of
owning Residual Securities.
Backup Withholding
Distributions made on the Regular Securities, and proceeds from the sale of
the Regular Securities to or through certain brokers, may be subject to a
"backup" withholding tax under Code Section 3406 of 31% on "reportable
payments" (including interest distributions, original issue discount, and,
under certain circumstances, principal distributions) unless the Regular
Holder complies with certain reporting and/or certification procedures,
including the provision of its taxpayer identification number to the Trustee,
its agent or the broker who effected the sale of the Regular Security, or such
Holder is otherwise an exempt recipient under applicable provisions of the
Code. Any amounts to be withheld from distribution on the Regular Securities
would be refunded by the Internal Revenue Service or allowed as a credit
against the Regular Holder's federal income tax liability.
Reporting Requirements
Reports of accrued interest, original issue discount and information
necessary to compute the accrual of market discount will be made annually to
the Internal Revenue Service and to individuals, estates, non-exempt and non-
charitable trusts, and partnerships who are either
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holders of record of Regular Securities or beneficial owners who own Regular
Securities through a broker or middleman as nominee. All brokers, nominees and
all other non-exempt holders of record of Regular Securities (including
corporations, non-calendar year taxpayers, securities or commodities dealers,
real estate investment trusts, investment companies, common trust funds,
thrift institutions and charitable trusts) may request such information for
any calendar quarter by telephone or in writing by contacting the person
designated in Internal Revenue Service Publication 938 with respect to a
particular Series of Regular Securities. Holders through nominees must request
such information from the nominee.
The Internal Revenue Service's Form 1066 has an accompanying Schedule Q,
Quarterly Notice to Residual Interest Holders of REMIC Taxable Income or Net
Loss Allocation. Treasury regulations require that Schedule Q be furnished by
the REMIC Pool to each Residual Holder by the end of the month following the
close of each calendar quarter (41 days after the end of a quarter under
proposed Treasury regulations) in which the REMIC Pool is in existence).
Treasury regulations require that, in addition to the foregoing requirements,
information must be furnished quarterly to Residual Holders, furnished
annually, if applicable, to holders of Regular Securities, and filed annually
with the Internal Revenue Service concerning Code Section 67 expenses (see
"Limitations on Deduction of Certain Expenses" above) allocable to such
holders. Furthermore, under such regulations, information must be furnished
quarterly to Residual Holders, furnished annually to holders of Regular
Securities, and filed annually with the Internal Revenue Service concerning
the percentage of the REMIC Pool's assets meeting the qualified asset tests
described above under "Characterization of Investments in REMIC Securities."
Residual Holders should be aware that their responsibilities as holders of
the residual interest in a REMIC Pool, including the duty to account for their
shares of the REMIC Pool's income or loss on their returns, continue for the
life of the REMIC Pool, even after the principal and interest on their
Residual Securities have been paid in full.
Treasury regulations provide that a Residual Holder is not required to treat
items on its return consistently with their treatment on the REMIC Pool's
return if the Holder owns 100% of the Residual Securities for the entire
calendar year. Otherwise, each Residual Holder is required to treat items on
its returns consistently with their treatment on the REMIC Pool's return,
unless the Holder either files a statement identifying the inconsistency or
establishes that the inconsistency resulted from incorrect information
received from the REMIC Pool. The Internal Revenue Service may assess a
deficiency resulting from a failure to comply with the consistency requirement
without instituting an administrative proceeding at the REMIC Pool level. A
REMIC Pool typically will not register as a tax shelter pursuant to Code
section 6111 because it generally will not have a net loss for any of the
first five taxable years of its existence. Any person that holds a Residual
Security as a nominee for another person may be required to furnish the
related REMIC Pool, in a manner to be provided in Treasury regulations, with
the name and address of such person and other specified information.
GRANTOR TRUST FUNDS
Classification of Grantor Trust Funds
With respect to each series of Grantor Trust Securities, assuming compliance
with all provisions of the related Agreement, in the opinion of Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft, the related Grantor Trust Fund will be classified as a
grantor trust under subpart E, part I of subchapter J of the Code and not as a
partnership, an association taxable as a corporation, or a "taxable mortgage
pool" within the meaning of Code Section 7701 (i). Accordingly, each holder of
a Grantor Trust Security generally will be treated as the beneficial owner of
an undivided interest in the Mortgage Loans included in the Grantor Trust
Fund.
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STANDARD SECURITIES
General
Where there is no Retained Interest or "excess" servicing with respect to
the Mortgage Loans underlying the Securities of a Series, and where such
Securities are not designated as "STRIPPED SECURITIES," the holder of each
such Security in such Series (referred to herein as "STANDARD SECURITIES")
will be treated as the owner of a pro rata undivided interest in the ordinary
income and corpus portions of the Grantor Trust Fund represented by its
Standard Security and will be considered the beneficial owner of a pro rata
undivided interest in each of the Mortgage Loans, subject to the discussion
below under "Recharacterization of Servicing Fees." Accordingly, the holder of
a Standard Security of a particular Series will be required to report on its
federal income tax return its pro rata share of the entire income from the
Mortgage Loans represented by its Standard Security, including interest at the
coupon rate on such Mortgage Loans, original issue discount (if any),
prepayment fees, assumption fees, and late payment charges received by the
Servicer, in accordance with such Securityholder's method of accounting. A
Securityholder generally will be able to deduct its share of the Servicing Fee
and all administrative and other expenses of the Trust Estate in accordance
with its method of accounting, provided that such amounts are reasonable
compensation for services rendered to that Grantor Trust Fund. However,
investors who are individuals, estates or trusts who own Securities, either
directly or indirectly through certain pass-through entities, will be subject
to limitations with respect to certain itemized deductions described in Code
Section 67, including deductions under Code Section 212 for the Servicing Fee
and all such administrative and other expenses of the Grantor Trust Fund, to
the extent that such deductions, in the aggregate, do not exceed two percent
of an investor's adjusted gross income. In addition, Code Section 68 provides
that itemized deductions otherwise allowable for a taxable year of an
individual taxpayer will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of the excess, if
any, of adjusted gross income over $100,000 ($50,000 in the case of a married
individual filing a separate return) (in each case, as adjusted for post-1991
inflation), or (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions otherwise
allowable for such year. As a result, such investors holding Standard
Securities, directly or indirectly through a pass-through entity, may have
aggregate taxable income in excess of the aggregate amount of cash received on
such Standard Securities with respect to interest at the pass-through rate or
as discount income on such Standard Securities. In addition, such expenses are
not deductible at all for purposes of computing the alternative minimum tax,
and may cause such investors to be subject to significant additional tax
liability. Moreover, where there is Retained Interest with respect to the
Mortgage Loans underlying a Series of Securities or where the servicing fees
are in excess of reasonable servicing compensation, the transaction will be
subject to the application of the "stripped bond" and "stripped coupon" rules
of the Code, as described below under "Stripped Securities" and
"Recharacterization of Servicing Fees," respectively.
Holders of Standard Securities, particularly any class of a Series which is
a Subordinate Security, may incur losses of interest or principal with respect
to the Mortgage Loans. Such losses would be deductible generally only as
described above under "REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--
Treatment of Losses," except that Securityholders on the cash method of
accounting would not be required to report qualified stated interest as income
until actual receipt.
Tax Status
With respect to a series, in the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft:
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1. A Standard Security owned by a "domestic building and loan
association" within the meaning of Code Section 7701 (a) (19) will be
considered to represent "loans . . . secured by an interest in real
property which is . . . residential real property" within the meaning of
Code Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v), provided that the real property
securing the Mortgage Loans represented by that Standard Security is of the
type described in such section of the Code.
2. A Standard Security owned by a real estate investment trust will be
considered to represent "real estate assets" within the meaning of Code
Section 856 (c) (4) (A) to the extent that the assets of the related
Grantor Trust Fund consist of qualified assets, and interest income on such
assets will be considered "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on
real property" to such extent within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c)
(3) (B).
3. A Standard Security owned by a REMIC will be considered to represent
an "obligation (including any participation or certificate of beneficial
ownership therein) which is principally secured by an interest in real
property" within the meaning of Code Section 860G (a) (3) (A) to the extent
that the assets of the related Grantor Trust Fund consist of "qualified
mortgages" within the meaning of Code Section 860G (a) (3).
An issue arises as to whether Buydown Mortgage Loans may be characterized in
their entirety under the Code provisions cited in clauses 1 and 2 of the
immediately preceding paragraph or whether the amount qualifying for such
treatment must be reduced by the amount of the Buydown Mortgage Funds. There
is indirect authority supporting treatment of an investment in a Buydown
Mortgage Loan as entirely secured by real property if the fair market value of
the real property securing the loan exceeds the principal amount of the loan
at the time of issuance or acquisition, as the case may be. There is no
assurance that the treatment described above is proper. Accordingly,
Securityholders are urged to consult their own tax advisors concerning the
effects of such arrangements on the characterization of such Securityholder's
investment for federal income tax purposes.
Premium and Discount
The Depositor recommends that Securityholders consult with their tax
advisors as to the federal income tax treatment of premium and discount
arising either upon initial acquisition of Standard Securities or thereafter.
Premium. The treatment of premium incurred upon the purchase of a Standard
Security will be determined generally as described above under "REMICs--
Taxation of Owners of Residual Securities Premium."
Original Issue Discount. The original issue discount rules of Code Section
1271 through 1275 will be applicable to a Securityholder's interest in those
Mortgage Loans as to which the conditions for the application of those
sections are met. Rules regarding periodic inclusion of original issue
discount income generally are applicable to mortgages originated after March
2, 1984. The rules allowing for the amortization of premium are available with
respect to mortgage loans originated after September 27, 1985. Under the OID
Regulations, original issue discount could arise by the charging of points by
the originator of the mortgages in an amount greater than the statutory de
minimis exception, including a payment of points that is currently deductible
by the borrower under applicable Code provisions or, under certain
circumstances, by the presence of "teaser" rates on the Mortgage Loans. See
"Stripped Securities" below regarding original issue discount on Stripped
Securities.
Original issue discount generally must be reported as ordinary gross income
as it accrues under a constant interest method that takes into account the
compounding of interest, in
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advance of the cash attributable to such income. No prepayment assumption will
be assumed for purposes of such accrual except as set forth in the applicable
Prospectus Supplement. However, Code Section 1272 provides for a reduction in
the amount of original issue discount includible in the income of a holder of
an obligation that acquires the obligation after its initial issuance at a
price greater than the sum of the original issue price and the previously
accrued original issue discount, less prior payments of principal.
Accordingly, if such Mortgage Loans acquired by a Securityholder are purchased
at a price equal to the then unpaid principal amount of such Mortgage Loans,
no original issue discount attributable to the difference between the issue
price and the original principal amount of such Mortgage Loans (i.e., points)
will be includible by such holder.
Market Discount. Securityholders also will be subject to the market discount
rules to the extent that the conditions for application of those sections are
met. Market discount on the Mortgage Loans will be determined and will be
reported as ordinary income generally in the manner described above under
"REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Market Discount," except
that the ratable accrual methods described therein will not apply. Rather, the
holder will accrue market discount pro rata over the life of the Mortgage
Loans, unless the constant yield method is elected. No prepayment assumption
will be assumed for purposes of such accrual except as set forth in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
Recharacterization of Servicing Fees
If the servicing fees paid to a Servicer were deemed to exceed reasonable
servicing compensation, the amount of such excess would represent neither
income nor a deduction to Securityholders. In this regard, there are no
authoritative guidelines for federal income tax purposes as to either the
maximum amount of servicing compensation that may be considered reasonable in
the context of this or similar transactions or whether, in the case of
Standard Securities, the reasonableness of servicing compensation should be
determined on a weighted average or loan-by-loan basis. If a loan-by-loan
basis is appropriate, the likelihood that such amount would exceed reasonable
servicing compensation as to some of the Mortgage Loans would be increased.
Internal Revenue Service guidance indicates that a servicing fee in excess of
reasonable compensation ("EXCESS SERVICING" ) will cause the Mortgage Loans to
be treated under the "stripped bond" rules. Such guidance provides safe
harbors for servicing deemed to be reasonable and requires taxpayers to
demonstrate that the value of servicing fees in excess of such amounts is not
greater than the value of the services provided.
Accordingly, if the Internal Revenue Service's approach is upheld, a
Servicer who receives a servicing fee in excess of such amounts would be
viewed as retaining an ownership interest in a portion of the interest
payments on the Mortgage Loans. Under the rules of Code Section 1286, the
separation of ownership of the right to receive some or all of the interest
payments on an obligation from the right to receive some or all of the
principal payments on the obligation would result in treatment of such
Mortgage Loans as "stripped coupons" and "stripped bonds." Subject to the DE
MINIMIS rule discussed below under "Stripped Securities," each stripped bond
or stripped coupon could be considered for this purpose as a non-interest
bearing obligation issued on the date of issue of the Standard Securities, and
the original issue discount rules of the Code would apply to the holder
thereof. While Securityholders would still be treated as owners of beneficial
interests in a grantor trust for federal income tax purposes, the corpus of
such trust could be viewed as excluding the portion of the Mortgage Loans the
ownership of which is attributed to the Servicer, or as including such portion
as a second class of equitable interest. Applicable Treasury regulations treat
such an arrangement as a fixed investment trust, since the multiple classes of
trust interests should be treated as merely facilitating direct investments in
the trust assets and the existence of multiple classes of ownership interests
is incidental to that purpose. In general, such a recharacterization should
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not have any significant effect upon the timing or amount of income reported
by a Securityholder, except that the income reported by a cash method holder
may be slightly accelerated. See "Stripped Securities" below for a further
description of the federal income tax treatment of stripped bonds and stripped
coupons.
Sale or Exchange of Standard Securities
Upon sale or exchange of a Standard Securities, a Securityholder will
recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on
the sale and its aggregate adjusted basis in the Mortgage Loans and other
assets represented by the Security. In general, the aggregate adjusted basis
will equal the Securityholder's cost for the Standard Security, exclusive of
accrued interest, increased by the amount of any income previously reported
with respect to the Standard Security and decreased by the amount of any
losses previously reported with respect to the Standard Security and the
amount of any distributions (other than accrued interest) received thereon.
Except as provided above with respect to market discount on any Mortgage
Loans, and except for certain financial institutions subject to the provisions
of Code Section 582(c), any such gain or loss generally would be capital gain
or loss if the Standard Security was held as a capital asset. However, gain on
the sale of a Standard Security will be treated as ordinary income (i) if a
Standard Security is held as part of a "conversion transaction" as defined in
Code Section 1258(c), up to the amount of interest that would have accrued on
the Securityholder's net investment in the conversion transaction at 120% of
the appropriate applicable Federal rate in effect at the time the taxpayer
entered into the transaction minus any amount previously treated as ordinary
income with respect to any prior disposition of property that was held as part
of such transaction or (ii) in the case of a non-corporate taxpayer, to the
extent such taxpayer has made an election under Code Section 163 (d) (4) to
have net capital gains taxed as investment income at ordinary income rates.
Long-term capital gains of certain non-corporate taxpayers generally are
subject to a lower maximum tax rate (20%) than ordinary income or short-term
capital gains of such taxpayers (39.6%) for property held for more than one
year. The maximum tax rate for corporations currently is the same with respect
to both ordinary income and capital gains.
STRIPPED SECURITIES
General
Pursuant to Code Section 1286, the separation of ownership of the right to
receive some or all of the principal payments on an obligation from ownership
of the right to receive some or all of the interest payments results in the
creation of "stripped bonds" with respect to principal payments and "stripped
coupons" with respect to interest payments. For purposes of this discussion,
Securities that are subject to those rules will be referred to as "STRIPPED
SECURITIES." In the opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, the Securities
will be subject to those rules if (i) the Depositor or any of its affiliates
retains (for its own account or for purposes of resale), in the form of
Retained Interest or otherwise, an ownership interest in a portion of the
payments on the Mortgage Loans, (ii) the Depositor or any of its affiliates is
treated as having an ownership interest in the Mortgage Loans to the extent it
is paid (or retains) servicing compensation in an amount greater than
reasonable consideration for servicing the Mortgage Loans (see "Standard
Securities--Recharacterization of Servicing Fees" above), and (iii) a Class of
Securities are issued in two or more Classes or Subclasses representing the
right to non-pro-rata percentages of the interest and principal payments on
the Mortgage Loans.
In general, a holder of a Stripped Security will be considered to own
"stripped bonds" with respect to its pro rata share of all or a portion of the
principal payments on each Mortgage Loan and/or "stripped coupons" with
respect to its pro rata share of all or a portion of the interest
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payments on each Mortgage Loan, including the Stripped Security's allocable
share of the servicing fees paid to a Servicer, to the extent that such fees
represent reasonable compensation for services rendered. See the discussion
above under "Standard Securities--Recharacterization of Servicing Fees."
Although not free from doubt, for purposes of reporting to Stripped
Securityholders, the servicing fees will be allocated to the classes of
Stripped Securities in proportion to the distributions to such Classes for the
related period or periods. The holder of a Stripped Security generally will be
entitled to a deduction each year in respect of the servicing fees, as
described above under "Standard Securities--General," subject to the
limitation described therein.
Code Section 1286 treats a stripped bond or a stripped coupon generally as
an obligation issued at an original issue discount on the date that such
stripped interest is purchased. Although the treatment of Stripped Securities
for federal income tax purposes is not clear in certain respects, particularly
where such Stripped Securities are issued with respect to a Mortgage Pool
containing variable-rate Mortgage Loans, in the opinion of Cadwalader,
Wickersham & Taft, (i) the Grantor Trust Fund will be treated as a grantor
trust under subpart E, Part I of subchapter J of the Code and not as an
association taxable as a corporation or a "taxable mortgage pool" within the
meaning of Code Section 7701 (i), and (ii) each Stripped Security should be
treated as a single installment obligation for purposes of calculating
original issue discount and gain or loss on disposition. This treatment is
based on the interrelationship of Code Section 1286, Code Sections 1272
through 1275, and the OID Regulations. Although it is possible that
computations with respect to Stripped Securities could be made in one of the
ways described below under "Possible Alternative Characterizations," the OID
Regulations state, in general, that two or more debt instruments issued by a
single issuer to a single investor in a single transaction should be treated
as a single debt instrument. Accordingly, for original issue discount
purposes, all payments on any Stripped Securities should be aggregated and
treated as though they were made on a single debt instrument. The Pooling and
Servicing Agreement will require that the Trustee make and report all
computations described below using this aggregate approach, unless substantial
legal authority requires otherwise.
Furthermore, Treasury regulations provide for treatment of a Stripped
Security as a single debt instrument issued on the date it is purchased for
purposes of calculating any original issue discount. In addition, under such
regulations, a Stripped Security that represents a right to payments of both
interest and principal may be viewed either as issued with original issue
discount or market discount (as described below), at a DE MINIMIS original
issue discount, or, presumably, at a premium. This treatment indicates that
the interest component of such a Stripped Security would be treated as
qualified stated interest under the OID Regulations, assuming it is not an
interest-only or super-premium Stripped Security. Further, these regulations
provide that the purchaser of such a Stripped Security will be required to
account for any discount as market discount rather than original issue
discount if either (i) the initial discount with respect to the Stripped
Security was treated as zero under the DE MINIMIS rule, or (ii) no more than
100 basis points in excess of reasonable servicing is stripped off the related
Mortgage Loans. Any such market discount would be reportable as described
above under "REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Market
Discount," without regard to the DE MINIMIS rule therein, assuming that a
prepayment assumption is employed in such computation.
The holder of a Stripped Security will be treated as owning an interest in
each of the Mortgage Loans held by the Grantor Trust Fund and will recognize
an appropriate share of the income and expenses associated with the Mortgage
Loans. Accordingly, an individual, trust or estate that holds a Stripped
Security directly or through a pass-through entity will be subject to the
limitations on deductions imposed by Code Sections 67 and 68.
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A holder of a Stripped Security, particularly any class of a Series which is
a Subordinate Security, may deduct losses incurred with respect to the
Stripped Security as described above under "Standard Securities General."
Status of Stripped Securities
No specific legal authority exists as to whether the character of the
Stripped Securities, for federal income tax purposes, will be the same as that
of the Mortgage Loans. Although the issue is not free from doubt, in the
opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, except with respect to a Trust Fund
consisting of Unsecured Home Improvement Loans, Stripped Securities owned by
applicable holders should be considered to represent 11 real estate assets"
within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c) (4) (A), "obligation [ s ] . . .
principally secured by an interest in real property which is . . . .
residential real estate" within the meaning of Code Section 860G (a) (3) (A),
and "loans . . . secured by an interest in real property" within the meaning
of Code Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v), and interest (including original issue
discount) income attributable to Stripped Securities should be considered to
represent "interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property"
within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c) (3) (B), provided that in each case
the Mortgage Loans and interest on such Mortgage Loans qualify for such
treatment. The application of such Code provisions to Buydown Mortgage Loans
is uncertain. See "Standard Securities--Tax Status" above.
Taxation of Stripped Securities
Original Issue Discount. Except as described above under "General," each
Stripped Security will be considered to have been issued at an original issue
discount for federal income tax purposes. Original issue discount with respect
to a Stripped Security must be included in ordinary income as it accrues, in
accordance with a constant yield method that takes into account the
compounding of interest, which may be prior to the receipt of the cash
attributable to such income. Based in part on the issue discount required to
be included in the income of a holder of a Stripped Security (referred to in
this discussion as a "STRIPPED SECURITYHOLDER" ) in any taxable year likely
will be computed generally as described above under "REMICs-- Taxation of
Owners of Regular Securities--Original Issue Discount" and "--Variable Rate
Regular Securities." However, with the apparent exception of a Stripped
Security qualifying as a market discount obligation as described above under
"General," the issue price of a Stripped Security will be the purchase price
paid by each holder thereof, and the stated redemption price at maturity will
include the aggregate amount of the payments to be made on the Stripped
Security to such Securityholder, presumably under the Prepayment Assumption,
other than qualified stated interest.
If the Mortgage Loans prepay at a rate either faster or slower than that
under the Prepayment Assumption, a Securityholder's recognition of original
issue discount will be either accelerated or decelerated and the amount of
such original issue discount will be either increased or decreased depending
on the relative interests in principal and interest on each Mortgage Loan
represented by such Securityholder's Stripped Security. While the matter is
not free from doubt, the holder of a Stripped Security should be entitled in
the year that it becomes certain (assuming no further prepayments) that the
holder will not recover a portion of its adjusted basis in such Stripped
Security to recognize a loss (which may be a capital loss) equal to such
portion of unrecoverable basis.
As an alternative to the method described above, the fact that some or all
of the interest payments with respect to the Stripped Securities will not be
made if the Mortgage Loans are prepaid could lead to the interpretation that
such interest payments are "contingent" within the
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meaning of the OID Regulations. The OID Regulations, as they relate to the
treatment of contingent interest, are by their terms not applicable to
prepayable securities such as the Stripped Securities. However, if final
regulations dealing with contingent interest with respect to the Stripped
Securities apply the same principles as the OID Regulations, such regulations
may lead to different timing of income inclusion that would be the case under
the OID Regulations. Furthermore, application of such principles could lead to
the characterization of gain on the sale of contingent interest Stripped
Securities as ordinary income. Investors should consult their tax advisors
regarding the appropriate tax treatment of Stripped Securities.
Sale or Exchange of Stripped Securities. Sale or exchange of a Stripped
Security prior to its maturity will result in gain or loss equal to the
difference, if any, between the amount received and the Securityholder's
adjusted basis in such Stripped Security, as described above under "REMICs--
Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities--Sale or Exchange of Regular
Securities." Gain or loss from the sale or exchange of a Stripped Security
generally will be capital gain or loss to the Securityholder if the Stripped
Security is held as a "capital asset" within the meaning of Code Section 1221,
and will be long-term or short-term depending on whether the Stripped Security
has been held for the long-term capital gain holding period (currently, more
than one year). To the extent that a subsequent purchaser's purchase price is
exceeded by the remaining payments on the Stripped Securities, such subsequent
purchaser will be required for federal income tax purposes to accrue and
report such excess as if it were original issue discount in the manner
described above. It is not clear for this purpose whether the assumed
prepayment rate that is to be used in the case of a Securityholder other than
an original Securityholder should be the Prepayment Assumption or a new rate
based on the circumstances at the date of subsequent purchase.
Purchase of More Than One Class of Stripped Securities. When an investor
purchases more than one Class of Stripped Securities, it is currently unclear
whether for federal income tax purposes such Classes of Stripped Securities
should be treated separately or aggregated for purposes of the rules described
above.
Possible Alternative Characterization. The characterizations of the Stripped
Securities discussed above are not the only possible interpretations of the
applicable Code provisions. For example, the Securityholder may be treated as
the owner of (i) one installment obligation consisting of such Stripped
Security's pro rata share of the payments attributable to principal on each
Mortgage Loan and a second installment obligation consisting of such Stripped
Security's pro rata share of the payments attributable to interest on each
Mortgage Loan, (ii) as many stripped bonds or stripped coupons as there are
scheduled payments of principal and/or interest on each Mortgage Loan, or
(iii) a separate installment obligation for each Mortgage Loan, representing
the Stripped Security's pro rata share of payments of principal and/or
interest to be made with respect thereto. Alternatively, the holder of one or
more Classes of Stripped Securities may be treated as the owner of a pro rata
fractional undivided interest in each Mortgage Loan to the extent that such
Stripped Security, or Classes of Stripped Securities in the aggregate,
represent the same pro rata portion of principal and interest on each such
Mortgage Loan, and a stripped bond or stripped coupon (as the case may be),
treated as an installment obligation or contingent payment obligation, as to
the remainder. Treasury regulations regarding original issue discount on
stripped obligations make the foregoing interpretations less likely to be
applicable. The preamble to such regulations states that they are premised on
the assumption that an aggregation approach is appropriate for determining
whether original issue discount on a stripped bond or stripped coupon is DE
MINIMIS, and solicits comments on appropriate rules for aggregating stripped
bonds and stripped coupons under Code Section 1286.
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Because of these possible varying characterizations of Stripped Securities
and the resultant differing treatment of income recognition, Securityholders
are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the proper treatment of
Stripped Securities for federal income tax purposes.
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
The Trustee will furnish, within a reasonable time after the end of each
calendar year, to each Securityholder at any time during such year, such
information (prepared on the basis described above) as is necessary to enable
such Securityholder to prepare its federal income tax returns. Such
information will include the amount of original issue discount accrued on
Securities held by persons other than Securityholders exempted from the
reporting requirements. However, the amount required to be reported by the
Trustee may not be equal to the proper amount of original issue discount
required to be reported as taxable income by a Securityholder, other than an
original Securityholder that purchased at the issue price. In particular, in
the case of Stripped Securities, such reporting will be based upon a
representative initial offering price of each Class of Stripped Securities
except as set forth in the applicable Prospectus Supplement. The Trustee will
also file such original issue discount information with the Internal Revenue
Service. If a Securityholder fails to supply an accurate taxpayer
identification number or if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that a
Securityholder has not reported all interest and dividend income required to
be shown on his federal income tax return, 31% backup withholding may be
required in respect of any reportable payments, as described above under
"REMICs--Backup Withholding."
Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors
To the extent that a Security evidences ownership in Mortgage Loans that are
issued on or before July 18, 1984, interest or original issue discount paid by
the person required to withhold tax under Code Section 1441 or 1442 to
nonresident aliens, foreign corporations, or other Non-U.S. persons generally
will be subject to 30% United States withholding tax, or such lower rate as
may be provided for interest by an applicable tax treaty. Accrued original
issue discount recognized by the Securityholder on the sale or exchange of
such a Security also will be subject to federal income tax at the same rate.
Treasury regulations provide that interest or original issue discount paid
by the Trustee or other withholding agent to a Non-U.S. Person evidencing
ownership interest in Mortgage Loans issued after July 18, 1984 will be
"portfolio interest" and will be treated in the manner, and such persons will
be subject to the same certification requirements, described above under
"REMICs--Taxation of Certain Foreign Investors--Regular Securities."
PARTNERSHIP TRUST FUNDS
Classification of Partnership Trust Funds
With respect to each series of Partnership Securities or Debt Securities,
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft will deliver its opinion that the Trust Fund
will not be a taxable mortgage pool or an association (or publicly traded
partnership) taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. This
opinion will be based on the assumption that the terms of the related
Agreement and related documents will be complied with, and on counsel's
opinion that the nature of the income of the Trust Fund will exempt it from
the rule that certain publicly traded partnerships are taxable as
corporations.
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Characterization of Investments in Partnership Securities and Debt Securities
For federal income tax purposes, (i) Partnership Securities and Debt
Securities held by a thrift institution taxed as a domestic building and loan
association will not constitute "loans.......... secured by an interest in real
property which is.......... residual real property'' within the meaning of Code
Section 7701 (a) (19) (C) (v) and (ii) interest on Debt Securities held by a
real estate investment trust will not be treated as ""interest on obligations
secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property''
within the meaning of Code Section 856(c) (3) (B), and Debt Securities held by
a real estate investment trust will not constitute ""real estate assets''
within the meaning of Code Section 856 (c) (4) (A), but Partnership Securities
held by a real estate investment trust will qualify under those sections based
on the real estate investments trust's proportionate interest in the assets of
the Partnership Trust Fund based on capital accounts.
Taxation of Debt Securityholders
Treatment of the Debt Securities as Indebtedness
The Depositor will agree, and the Securityholders will agree by their
purchase of Debt Securities, to treat the Debt Securities as debt for federal
income tax purposes. No regulations, published rulings, or judicial decisions
exist that discuss the characterization for federal income tax purposes of
securities with terms substantially the same as the Debt Securities. However,
with respect to each Series of Debt Securities, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft
will deliver its opinion that the Debt Securities will be classified as
indebtedness for federal income tax purposes. The discussion below assumes
this characterization of the Debt Securities is correct.
If, contrary to the opinion of counsel, the IRS successfully asserted that
the Debt Securities were not debt for federal income tax purposes, the Debt
Securities might be treated as equity interests in the Partnership Trust, and
the timing and amount of income allocable to holders of such Debt Securities
may be different than as described in the following paragraph.
Debt Securities generally will be subject to the same rules of taxation as
Regular Securities issued by a REMIC, as described above, except that (i)
income reportable on Debt Securities is not required to be reported under the
accrual method unless the holder otherwise uses the accrual method and (ii)
the special rule treating a portion of the gain on sale or exchange of a
Regular Security as ordinary income is inapplicable to Debt Securities. See
"REMICs--Taxation of Owners of Regular Securities" and "--Sale or Exchange of
Regular Securities."
Taxation of Owners of Partnership Securities
Treatment of the Partnership Trust Fund as a Partnership
If so specified in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, the Depositor will
agree, and the Securityholders will agree by their purchase of Securities, to
treat the Partnership Trust Fund as a partnership for purposes of federal and
state income tax, franchise tax and any other tax measured in whole or in part
by income, with the assets of the partnership being the assets held by the
Partnership Trust Fund, the partners of the partnership being the
Securityholders (including the Depositor), and the Debt Securities (if any)
being debt of the partnership. However, the proper characterization of the
arrangement involving the Partnership Trust Fund, the Partnership Securities,
the Debt Securities, and the Depositor is not clear, because there is no
authority on transactions closely comparable to that contemplated herein.
A variety of alternative characterizations are possible. For example,
because one or more of the classes of Partnership Securities have certain
features characteristic of debt, the Partnership
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Securities might be considered debt of the Depositor or the Partnership Trust
Fund. Any such characterization would not result in materially adverse tax
consequences to Securityholders as compared to the consequences from treatment
of the Partnership Securities as equity in a partnership, described below. The
following discussion assumes that the Partnership Securities represent equity
interests in a partnership.
Partnership Taxation
As a partnership, the Partnership Trust Fund will not be subject to federal
income tax. Rather, each Securityholder will be required to separately take
into account such holder's allocated share of income, gains, losses,
deductions and credits of the Partnership Trust Fund. It is anticipated that
the Partnership Trust Fund's income will consist primarily of interest earned
on the Mortgage Loans (including appropriate adjustments for market discount,
original issue discount and bond premium) as described above under "--Grantor
Trust Funds--Standard Securities--General," and "--Premium and Discount") and
any gain upon collection or disposition of Mortgage Loans. The Partnership
Trust Fund's deductions will consist primarily of interest accruing with
respect to the Debt Securities, servicing and other fees, and losses or
deductions upon collection or disposition of Debt Securities.
The tax items of a partnership are allocable to the partners in accordance
with the Code, Treasury regulations and the partnership agreement (here, the
Agreement and related documents). The Agreement will provide, in general, that
the Securityholders will be allocated taxable income of the Partnership Trust
Fund for each Due Period equal to the sum of (i) the interest that accrues on
the Partnership Securities in accordance with their terms for such Due Period,
including interest accruing at the applicable pass-through rate for such Due
Period and interest on amounts previously due on the Partnership Securities
but not yet distributed; (ii) any Partnership Trust Fund income attributable
to discount on the Mortgage Loans that corresponds to any excess of the
principal amount of the Partnership Securities over their initial issue price;
and (iii) any other amounts of income payable to the Securityholders for such
Due Period. Such allocation will be reduced by any amortization by the
Partnership Trust Fund of premium on Mortgage Loans that corresponds to any
excess of the issue price of Partnership Securities over their principal
amount. All remaining taxable income of the Partnership Trust Fund will be
allocated to the Depositor. Based on the economic arrangement of the parties,
this approach for allocating Partnership Trust Fund income should be
permissible under applicable Treasury regulations, although no assurance can
be given that the IRS would not require a greater amount of income to be
allocated to Securityholders. Moreover, even under the foregoing method of
allocation, Securityholders may be allocated income equal to the entire pass-
through rate plus the other items described above even though the Trust Fund
might not have sufficient cash to make current cash distributions of such
amount. Thus, cash basis holders will in effect be required to report income
from the Partnership Securities on the accrual basis and Securityholders may
become liable for taxes on Partnership Trust Fund income even if they have not
received cash from the Partnership Trust Fund to pay such taxes.
Part or all of the taxable income allocated to a Securityholder that is a
pension, profit sharing or employee benefit plan or other tax-exempt entity
(including an individual retirement account) may constitute "unrelated
business taxable income" generally taxable to such a holder under the Code.
A share of expenses of the Partnership Trust Fund (including fees of the
Master Servicer but not interest expense) allocable to an individual, estate
or trust Securityholder would be miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to
the limitations described above under "--Grantor Trust Funds--Standard
Securities--General." Accordingly, such deductions might be disallowed to the
individual in whole or in part and might result in such holder being taxed on
an amount
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of income that exceeds the amount of cash actually distributed to such holder
over the life of the Partnership Trust Fund.
Discount income or premium amortization with respect to each Mortgage Loan
would be calculated in a manner similar to the description above under "--
Grantor Trust Funds--Standard Securities--General" and "--Premium and
Discount." Notwithstanding such description, it is intended that the
Partnership Trust Fund will make all tax calculations relating to income and
allocations to Securityholders on an aggregate basis with respect to all
Mortgage Loans held by the Partnership Trust Fund rather than on a Mortgage
Loan-by-Mortgage Loan basis. If the IRS were to require that such calculations
be made separately for each Mortgage Loan, the Partnership Trust Fund might be
required to incur additional expense, but it is believed that there would not
be a material adverse effect on Securityholders.
Discount and Premium
It is not anticipated that the Mortgage Loans will have been issued with
original issue discount and, therefore, the Partnership Trust Fund should not
have original issue discount income. However, the purchase price paid by the
Partnership Trust Fund for the Mortgage Loans may be greater or less than the
remaining principal balance of the Mortgage Loans at the time of purchase. If
so, the Mortgage Loans will have been acquired at a premium or discount, as
the case may be. See "Grantor Trust Funds--Standard Securities--Premium and
Discount." (As indicated above, the Partnership Trust Fund will make this
calculation on an aggregate basis, but might be required to recompute it on a
Mortgage Loan-by-Mortgage Loan basis).
If the Partnership Trust Fund acquires the Mortgage Loans at a market
discount or premium, the Partnership Trust Fund will elect to include any such
discount in income currently as it accrues over the life of the Mortgage Loans
or to offset any such premium against interest income on the Mortgage Loans.
As indicated above, a portion of such market discount income or premium
deduction may be allocated to Securityholders.
Section 708 Termination
Under Section 708 of the Code, the Partnership Trust Fund will be deemed to
terminate for federal income tax purposes if 50% or more of the capital and
profits interests in the Partnership Trust Fund are sold or exchanged within a
12-month period. If such a termination occurs, it would cause a deemed
contribution of the assets of a Partnership Trust Fund (the "OLD
PARTNERSHIP" ) to a new Partnership Trust Fund (the "NEW PARTNERSHIP" ) in
exchange for interests in the new partnership. Such interests would be deemed
distributed to the partners of the old partnership in liquidation thereof,
which would not constitute a sale or exchange. The Partnership Trust Fund will
not comply with certain technical requirements that might apply when such a
constructive termination occurs. As a result, the Partnership Trust Fund may
be subject to certain tax penalties and may incur additional expenses if it is
required to comply with those requirements. Furthermore, the Partnership Trust
Fund might not be able to comply due to lack of data.
Disposition of Securities
Generally, capital gain or loss will be recognized on a sale of Partnership
Securities in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized
and the seller's tax basis in the Partnership Securities sold. A
Securityholder's tax basis in an Partnership Security will generally equal the
holder's cost increased by the holder's share of Partnership Trust Fund income
(includible in income) and decreased by any distributions received with
respect to such Partnership Security. In addition, both the tax basis in the
Partnership Securities and the amount realized on a sale of an Partnership
Security would include the holder's share of the Debt
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Securities and other liabilities of the Partnership Trust Fund. A holder
acquiring Partnership Securities at different prices may be required to
maintain a single aggregate adjusted tax basis in such Partnership Securities,
and, upon sale or other disposition of some of the Partnership Securities,
allocate a portion of such aggregate tax basis to the Partnership Securities
sold (rather than maintaining a separate tax basis in each Partnership
Security for purposes of computing gain or loss on a sale of that Partnership
Security).
Any gain on the sale of an Partnership Security attributable to the holder's
share of unrecognized accrued market discount on the Mortgage Loans would
generally be treated as ordinary income to the holder and would give rise to
special tax reporting requirements. The Partnership Trust Fund does not expect
to have any other assets that would give rise to such special reporting
considerations. Thus, to avoid those special reporting requirements, the
Partnership Trust Fund will elect to include market discount in income as it
accrues.
If a Securityholder is required to recognize an aggregate amount of income
(not including income attributable to disallowed itemized deductions described
above) over the life of the Partnership Securities that exceeds the aggregate
cash distributions with respect thereto, such excess will generally give rise
to a capital loss upon the retirement of the Partnership Securities.
Allocations Between Transferors and Transferees
In general, the Partnership Trust Fund's taxable income and losses will be
determined each Due Period and the tax items for a particular Due Period will
be apportioned among the Securityholders in proportion to the principal amount
of Partnership Securities owned by them as of the close of the last day of
such Due Period. As a result, a holder purchasing Partnership Securities may
be allocated tax items (which will affect its tax liability and tax basis)
attributable to periods before the actual transaction.
The use of such a Due Period convention may not be permitted by existing
regulations. If a Due Period convention is not allowed (or only applies to
transfers of less than all of the partner's interest), taxable income or
losses of the Partnership Trust Fund might be reallocated among the
Securityholders. The Depositor will be authorized to revise the Partnership
Trust Fund's method of allocation between transferors and transferees to
conform to a method permitted by future regulations.
Section 731 Distributions
In the case of any distribution to a Securityholder, no gain will be
recognized to that Securityholder to the extent that the amount of any money
distributed with respect to such Security exceeds the adjusted basis of such
Securityholder's interest in the Security. To the extent that the amount of
money distributed exceeds such Securityholder's adjusted basis, gain will be
currently recognized. In the case of any distribution to a Securityholder, no
loss will be recognized except upon a distribution in liquidation of a
Securityholder's interest. Any gain or loss recognized by a Securityholder
will be capital gain or loss.
Section 754 Election
In the event that a Securityholder sells its Partnership Securities at a
profit (loss), the purchasing Securityholder will have a higher (lower) basis
in the Partnership Securities than the selling Securityholder had. The tax
basis of the Partnership Trust Fund's assets would not be adjusted to reflect
that higher (or lower) basis unless the Partnership Trust Fund were to file an
election under Section 754 of the Code. In order to avoid the administrative
complexities that would be involved in keeping accurate accounting records, as
well as potentially onerous
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information reporting requirements, the Partnership Trust Fund will not make
such an election. As a result, Securityholder might be allocated a greater or
lesser amount of Partnership Trust Fund income than would be appropriate based
on their own purchase price for Partnership Securities.
Administrative Matters
The Trustee is required to keep or have kept complete and accurate books of
the Partnership Trust Fund. Such books will be maintained for financial
reporting and tax purposes on an accrual basis and the fiscal year of the
Partnership Trust Fund will be the calendar year. The Trustee will file a
partnership information return (IRS Form 1065) with the IRS for each taxable
year of the Partnership Trust Fund and will report each Securityholder's
allocable share of items of Partnership Trust Fund income and expense to
holders and the IRS on Schedule K-1. The Trustee will provide the Schedule K-1
information to nominees that fail to provide the Partnership Trust Fund with
the information statement described below and such nominees will be required
to forward such information to the beneficial owners of the Partnership
Securities. Generally, holders must file tax returns that are consistent with
the information return filed by the Partnership Trust Fund or be subject to
penalties unless the holder notifies the IRS of all such inconsistencies.
Under Section 6031 of the Code, any person that holds Partnership Securities
as a nominee at any time during a calendar year is required to furnish the
Partnership Trust Fund with a statement containing certain information on the
nominee, the beneficial owners and the Partnership Securities so held. Such
information includes (i) the name, address and taxpayer identification number
of the nominee and (ii) as to each beneficial owner (x) the name, address and
identification number of such person, (y) whether such person is a United
States person, a tax-exempt entity or a foreign government, an international
organization, or any wholly-owned agency or instrumentality of either of the
foregoing, and (z) certain information on Partnership Securities that were
held, bought or sold on behalf of such person throughout the year. In
addition, brokers and financial institutions that hold Partnership Securities
through a nominee are required to furnish directly to the Trustee information
as to themselves and their ownership of Partnership Securities. A clearing
agency registered under Section 17A of the Exchange Act is not required to
furnish any such information statement to the Partnership Trust Fund. The
information referred to above for any calendar year must be furnished to the
Partnership Trust Fund on or before the following January 31. Nominees,
brokers and financial institutions that fail to provide the Partnership Trust
Fund with the information described above may be subject to penalties.
The Depositor will be designated as the tax matters partner in the Pooling
and Servicing Agreement and, as such, will be responsible for representing the
Securityholders in any dispute with the IRS. The Code provides for
administrative examination of a partnership as if the partnership were a
separate and distinct taxpayer. Generally, the statute of limitations for
partnership items does not expire until three years after the date on which
the partnership information return is filed. Any adverse determination
following an audit of the return of the Partnership Trust Fund by the
appropriate taxing authorities could result in an adjustment of the returns of
the Securityholders, and, under certain circumstances, a Securityholder may be
precluded from separately litigating a proposed adjustment to the items of the
Partnership Trust Fund. An adjustment could also result in an audit of a
Securityholder's returns and adjustments of items not related to the income
and losses of the Partnership Trust Fund.
Tax Consequences to Foreign Securityholders
It is not clear whether the Partnership Trust Fund would be considered to be
engaged in a trade or business in the United States for purposes of federal
withholding taxes with respect to
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Non-U.S. Persons, because there is no clear authority dealing with that issue
under facts substantially similar to those described herein. Although it is
not expected that the Partnership Trust Fund would be engaged in a trade or
business in the United States for such purposes, the Partnership Trust Fund
will withhold as if it were so engaged in order to protect the Partnership
Trust Fund from possible adverse consequences of a failure to withhold. The
Partnership Trust Fund expects to withhold on the portion of its taxable
income that is allocable to Securityholders who are Non-U.S. Persons pursuant
to Section 1446 of the Code, as if such income were effectively connected to a
U.S. trade or business, at a rate of 35% for Non-U.S. Persons that are taxable
as corporations and 39.6% for all other foreign holders. Amounts withheld will
be deemed distributed to the Non-U.S. Person Securityholders. Subsequent
adoption of Treasury regulations or the issuance of other administrative
pronouncements may require the Partnership Trust Fund to change its
withholding procedures. In determining a holder's withholding status, the
Partnership Trust Fund may rely on IRS Form W-8, IRS Form W-9 or the holder's
certification of nonforeign status signed under penalties of perjury.
Each Non-U.S. Person holder might be required to file a U.S. individual or
corporate income tax return (including, in the case of a corporation, the
branch profits tax) on its share of the Partnership Trust Fund's income. Each
Non-U.S. Person holder must obtain a taxpayer identification number from the
IRS and submit that number to the Partnership Trust Fund on Form W-8 in order
to assure appropriate crediting of the taxes withheld. A Non-U.S. Person
holder generally would be entitled to file with the IRS a claim for refund
with respect to taxes withheld by the Partnership Trust Fund, taking the
position that no taxes were due because the Partnership Trust Fund was not
engaged in a U.S. trade or business. However, interest payments made (or
accrued) to a Securityholder who is a Non-U.S. Person generally will be
considered guaranteed payments to the extent such payments are determined
without regard to the income of the Partnership Trust Fund. If these interest
payments are properly characterized as guaranteed payments, then the interest
may not be considered "portfolio interest." As a result, Securityholders who
are Non-U.S. Persons may be subject to United States federal income tax and
withholding tax at a rate of 30 percent, unless reduced or eliminated pursuant
to an applicable treaty. In such case, a Non-U.S. Person holder would only be
entitled to claim a refund for that portion of the taxes in excess of the
taxes that should be withheld with respect to the guaranteed payments.
Backup Withholding
Distributions made on the Partnership Securities and proceeds from the sale
of the Partnership Securities will be subject to a "backup" withholding tax of
31% if, in general, the Securityholder fails to comply with certain
identification procedures, unless the holder is an exempt recipient under
applicable provisions of the Code.
THE FEDERAL TAX DISCUSSIONS SET FORTH ABOVE MAY NOT BE APPLICABLE DEPENDING
UPON A SECURITYHOLDER'S PARTICULAR TAX SITUATION. THE DEPOSITOR RECOMMENDS
THAT PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX
CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF REMIC
SECURITIES, GRANTOR TRUST SECURITIES, PARTNERSHIP SECURITIES AND DEBT
SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND
OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX
LAWS.
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STATE AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES
In addition to the federal income tax consequences described in "Federal
Income Tax Consequences," potential investors should consider the state and
local tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of the
Securities offered hereunder. State tax law may differ substantially from the
corresponding federal tax law, and the discussion above does not purport to
describe any aspect of the tax laws of any state or other jurisdiction.
Therefore, prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors with
respect to the various tax consequences of investments in the Securities
offered hereunder.
ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA" ),
and the Code impose certain requirements on employee benefit plans and on
certain other retirement plans and arrangements, including individual
retirement accounts and annuities, Keogh plans and collective investment funds
and separate accounts in which such plans, accounts or arrangements are
invested, that are subject to Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code
("PLANS" ) and on persons who are fiduciaries with respect to such Plans in
connection with the investment of Plan assets. Certain employee benefit plans,
such as governmental plans (as defined in ERISA Section 3(32)), and, if no
election has been made under Section 410(d) of the Code, church plans (as
defined in Section 3(33) of ERISA) are not subject to ERISA requirements.
Accordingly, assets of such plans may be invested in Securities without regard
to the ERISA considerations described below, subject to the provisions of
other applicable federal, state and local law. Any such plan which is
qualified and exempt from taxation under Sections 401 (a) and 501 (a) of the
Code, however, is subject to the prohibited transaction rules set forth in
Section 503 of the Code.
ERISA generally imposes on Plan fiduciaries certain general fiduciary
requirements, including those of investment prudence and diversification and
the requirement that a Plan's investments be made in accordance with the
documents governing the Plan. In addition, ERISA and the Code prohibit a broad
range of transactions involving assets of a Plan and persons ("PARTIES IN
INTEREST" ) who have certain specified relationships to the Plan unless a
statutory or administrative exemption is available. Certain Parties in
Interest that participate in a prohibited transaction may be subject to an
excise tax imposed pursuant to Section 4975 of the Code, unless a statutory or
administrative exemption is available. These prohibited transactions generally
are set forth in Sections 406 and 407 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code.
A Plan's investment in Securities may cause the Mortgage Loans, Agency
Securities, Mortgage Securities and other assets included in a related Trust
Fund to be deemed Plan assets. Section 2510.3-101 of the regulations of the
United States Department of Labor ("DOL" ) provides that when a Plan acquires
an equity interest in an entity, the Plan's assets include both such equity
interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the
entity, unless certain exceptions not applicable here apply, or unless the
equity participation in the entity by "benefit plan investors" (I.E., Plans
and certain employee benefit plans not subject to ERISA) is not "significant,"
both as defined therein. For this purpose, in general, equity participation by
benefit plan investors will be "significant" on any date if 25% or more of the
value of any class of equity interests in the entity is held by benefit plan
investors. To the extent the Securities are treated as equity interests for
purposes of DOL regulations section 2510.3-101, equity participation in a
Trust Fund will be significant on any date if immediately after the most
recent acquisition of any Security, 25% or more of any class of Securities is
held by benefit plan investors.
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Any person who has discretionary authority or control respecting the
management or disposition of Plan assets, and any person who provides
investment advice with respect to such assets for a fee, is a fiduciary of the
investing Plan. If the Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities, Mortgage Securities
and other assets included in a Trust Fund constitute Plan assets, then any
party exercising management or discretionary control regarding those assets,
such as the Servicer or Master Servicer, may be deemed to be a Plan
"fiduciary" and thus subject to the fiduciary responsibility provisions and
prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and the Code with respect to the
investing Plan. In addition, if the Mortgage Loans, Agency Securities,
Mortgage Securities and other assets included in a Trust Fund constitute Plan
assets, the purchase of Securities by a Plan, as well as the operation of the
Trust Fund, may constitute or involve a prohibited transaction under ERISA and
the Code.
The DOL issued an individual exemption (the "EXEMPTION" ), to DBSI which
generally exempts from the application of the prohibited transaction
provisions of Sections 406 (a) and 407 of ERISA, and the excise taxes imposed
on such prohibited transactions pursuant to Section 4975 (a) and (b) of the
Code, certain transactions, among others, relating to the servicing and
operation of mortgage pools and the purchase, sale and holding of Securities
underwritten by an Underwriter (as hereinafter defined), that (a) represent a
beneficial ownership interest in the assets of a Trust Fund and entitle the
holder the pass-through payments of principal, interest and/or other payments
made with respect to the assets of the Trust Fund or (b) are denominated as a
debt instrument and represent an interest in a REMIC, provided that certain
conditions set forth in the Exemption are satisfied. For purposes of this
Section "ERISA Considerations," the term "UNDERWRITER" shall include (a) DBSI,
(b) any person directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries,
controlling, controlled by or under common control with DBSI, and (c) any
member of the underwriting syndicate or selling group of which a person
described in (a) or (b) is a manager or co-manager with respect to a class of
Securities.
The Exemption sets forth six general conditions which must be satisfied for
a transaction involving the purchase, sale and holding of Securities to be
eligible for exemptive relief thereunder. First, the acquisition of Securities
by a Plan must be on terms that are at least as favorable to the Plan as they
would be in an arm's-length transaction with an unrelated party. Second, the
Exemption only applies to Securities evidencing rights and interests not
subordinated to the rights and interests evidenced by the other Securities of
the same series. Third, the Securities at the time of acquisition by the Plan
must be rated in one of the three highest generic rating categories by
Standard & Poor's ("S&P" ), Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("MOODY'S" ), Duff
& Phelps Credit Rating Co. ("DCR" ) or Fitch IBCA, Inc. ("FITCH" ). Fourth,
the Trustee cannot be an affiliate of any member of the "RESTRICTED GROUP"
which consists of the Underwriter, the Depositor, the Trustee, the Master
Servicer, any Servicer, any insurer and any obligor with respect to Assets
constituting more than 5% of the aggregate unamortized principal balance of
the Assets in the related Trust Fund as of the date of initial issuance of the
Securities. Fifth, the sum of all payments made to and retained by the
Underwriter(s) must represent not more than reasonable compensation for
underwriting the Securities; the sum of all payments made to and retained by
the Depositor pursuant to the assignment of the Assets to the related Trust
Fund must represent not more than the fair market value of such obligations;
and the sum of all payments made to and retained by the Servicer must
represent not more than reasonable compensation for such person's services
under the related Agreement and reimbursement of such person's reasonable
expenses in connection therewith. Sixth, the investing Plan must be an
accredited investor as defined in Rule 501 (a) (1) of Regulation D of the
Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended. In addition, the Trust Fund must meet the following requirements: (i)
the assets of the Trust Fund must consist solely of assets of the type that
have been included in other investment pools; (ii) securities evidencing
interests in such other investment pools must have been rated in one of the
three highest
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generic rating categories by S&P, Moody's, DCR, or Fitch for at least one year
prior to the Plan's acquisition of the securities; and (iii) securities
evidencing interests in such other investment pools must have been purchased
by investors other than Plans for at least one year prior to any Plan's
acquisition of the Securities.
A fiduciary of a Plan contemplating purchasing a Security must make its own
determination that the general conditions set forth above will be satisfied
with respect to such Security. However, to the extent Securities are
subordinate, the Exemption will not apply to an investment by a Plan. In
addition, any Securities representing a beneficial ownership interest in
Revolving Credit Line Loans will not satisfy the general conditions of the
Exemption.
If the general conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the Exemption may
provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections 406(a) and 407
of ERISA (as well as the excise taxes imposed by Sections 4975 (a) and (b) of
the Code by reason of Sections 4975 (c) (1) (A) through (D) of the Code) in
connection with the direct or indirect sale, exchange, transfer, holding or
the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of
Securities by Plans. However, no exemption is provided from the restrictions
of Sections 406 (a) (1) (E), 406 (a) (2) and 407 of ERISA for the acquisition
or holding of a Security on behalf of an "EXCLUDED PLAN" by any person who has
discretionary authority or renders investment advice with respect to the
assets of such Excluded Plan. For purposes of the Securities, an Excluded Plan
is a Plan sponsored by any member of the Restricted Group.
If certain specific conditions of the Exemption are also satisfied, the
Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406 (b) (1) and (b) (2) of ERISA and the taxes imposed by Sections 4975 (a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Section 4975 (c) (1) (E) of the Code in
connection with (1) the direct or indirect sale, exchange or transfer of
Securities in the initial issuance of Securities between the Depositor or an
Underwriter and a Plan when the person who has discretionary authority or
renders investment advice with respect to the investment of Plan assets in the
Securities is (a) an obligor with respect to 5% or less of the fair market
value of the Assets or (b) an affiliate of such a person, (2) the direct or
indirect acquisition or disposition in the secondary market of Securities by a
Plan and (3) the holding of Securities by a Plan.
Further, if certain specific conditions of the Exemption are satisfied, the
Exemption may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406(a), 406(b) and 407 of ERISA, and the taxes imposed by Sections 4975 (a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Section 4975 (c) of the Code for transactions
in connection with the servicing, management and operation of the Trust Fund.
The Depositor expects that the specific conditions of the Exemption required
for this purpose will be satisfied with respect to the Securities so that the
Exemption would provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by Sections
406(a) and (b) of ERISA (as well as the excise taxes imposed by Sections
4975(a) and (b) of the Code by reason of Section 4975 (c) of the Code) for
transactions in connection with the servicing, management and operation of the
Mortgage Pools, provided that the general conditions of the Exemption are
satisfied.
The Exemption also may provide an exemption from the restrictions imposed by
Sections 406(a) and 407(a) of ERISA, and the taxes imposed by Section 4975(a)
and (b) of the Code by reason of Sections 4975 (c) (1) (A) through (D) of the
Code if such restrictions are deemed to otherwise apply merely because a
person is deemed to be a "party in interest" (within the meaning of Section 3
(14) of ERISA) or a "disqualified person" (within the meaning of Section 4975
(e) (2) of the Code) with respect to an investing Plan by virtue of providing
services to the Plan (or by virtue of having certain specified relationships
to such a person) solely as a result of the Plan's ownership of Securities.
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To the extent the Securities are not treated as equity interests for
purposes of DOL regulations section 2510.3-101, a Plan's investment in such
Securities ("NON-EQUITY SECURITIES" ) would not cause the assets included in a
related Trust Fund to be deemed Plan assets. However, the Depositor, the
Servicer, the Trustee, or Underwriter may be the sponsor of or investment
advisor with respect to one or more Plans. Because such parties may receive
certain benefits in connection with the sale of Non-Equity Securities, the
purchase of Non-Equity Securities using Plan assets over which any such
parties has investment authority might be deemed to be a violation of the
prohibited transaction rules of ERISA and the Code for which no exemption may
be available. Accordingly, Non-Equity Securities may not be purchased using
the assets of any Plan if any of the Depositor, the Servicer, the Trustee or
Underwriter has investment authority with respect to such assets.
In addition, certain affiliates of the Depositor might be considered or
might become Parties in Interest with respect to a Plan. Also, any holder of
Securities, because of its activities or the activities of its respective
affiliates, may be deemed to be a Party in Interest with respect to certain
Plans, including but not limited to Plans sponsored by such holder. In either
case, the acquisition or holding of Non-Equity Securities by or on behalf of
such a Plan could be considered to give rise to an indirect prohibited
transaction within the meaning of ERISA and the Code, unless it is subject to
one or more statutory or administrative exemptions such as Prohibited
Transaction Class Exemption ("PTCE" ) 84-14, which exempts certain
transactions effected on behalf of a Plan by a "qualified professional asset
manager," PTCE 90-1, which exempts certain transactions involving insurance
company pooled separate accounts, PTCE-91-38, which exempts certain
transactions involving bank collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60, which
exempts certain transactions involving insurance company general accounts, or
PTCE 96-23, which exempts certain transactions effected on behalf of a Plan by
certain "in-house" asset managers. It should be noted, however, that even if
the conditions specified in one or more of these exemptions are met, the scope
of relief provided by these exemptions may not necessarily cover all acts that
might be construed as prohibited transactions.
Any Plan fiduciary which proposes to cause a Plan to purchase Securities
should consult with its counsel with respect to the potential applicability of
ERISA and the Code to such investment, the availability of the exemptive
relief provided in the Exemption and the potential applicability of any other
prohibited transaction exemption in connection therewith. In particular, a
Plan fiduciary which proposes to cause a Plan to purchase Securities
representing a beneficial ownership interest in a pool of single-family
residential first mortgage loans, a Plan fiduciary should consider the
applicability of PTCE 83-1, which provides exemptive relief for certain
transactions involving mortgage pool investment trusts. The Prospectus
Supplement with respect to a series of Securities may contain additional
information regarding the application of the Exemption, PTCE 83-1 or any other
exemption, with respect to the Securities offered thereby. In addition, any
Plan fiduciary that proposes to cause a Plan to purchase Strip Securities
should consider the federal income tax consequences of such investment.
ANY PLAN FIDUCIARY CONSIDERING WHETHER TO PURCHASE A SECURITY ON BEHALF OF A
PLAN SHOULD CONSULT WITH ITS COUNSEL REGARDING THE APPLICABILITY OF THE
FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY AND PROHIBITED TRANSACTION PROVISIONS OF ERISA AND
THE CODE TO SUCH INVESTMENT.
THE SALE OF SECURITIES TO A PLAN IS IN NO RESPECT A REPRESENTATION BY THE
DEPOSITOR OR THE UNDERWRITER THAT THIS INVESTMENT MEETS ALL RELEVANT LEGAL
REQUIREMENTS WITH RESPECT TO INVESTMENTS BY PLANS GENERALLY OR ANY PARTICULAR
PLAN, OR THAT THIS INVESTMENT IS APPROPRIATE FOR PLANS GENERALLY OR ANY
PARTICULAR PLAN.
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LEGAL INVESTMENT
Each class of Offered Securities will be rated at the date of issuance in
one of the four highest rating categories by at least one Rating Agency. The
related Prospectus Supplement will specify which classes of the Securities, if
any, will constitute "mortgage related securities" for purposes of the
Secondary Mortgage Market Enhancement Act of 1984, as amended ("SMMEA").
Generally, only classes of Offered Securities that (i) are rated in one of the
two highest rating categories by one or more Rating Agencies and (ii) are part
of a series representing interests in, or secured by, a Trust Fund consisting
of loans secured by first liens on real property and originated by certain
types of originators specified in SMMEA, will be "mortgage related securities"
for purposes of SMMEA. Those classes of Offered Securities qualifying as
"mortgage related securities" will constitute legal investments for persons,
trusts, corporations, partnerships, associations, business trusts and business
entities (including, but not limited to, state chartered savings banks,
commercial banks, savings and loan associations and insurance companies, as
well as trustees and state government employee retirement systems) created
pursuant to or existing under the laws of the United States or of any state
(including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico) whose authorized
investments are subject to state regulation to the same extent that, under
applicable law, obligations issued by or guaranteed as to principal and
interest by the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof
constitute legal investments for such entities. Pursuant to SMMEA, a number of
states enacted legislation, on or before the October 3, 1991 cut-off for such
enactments, limiting to varying extents the ability of certain entities (in
particular, insurance companies) to invest in mortgage related securities
secured by liens on residential, or mixed residential and commercial,
properties, in most cases by requiring the affected investors to rely solely
upon existing state law, and not SMMEA.
SMMEA also amended the legal investment authority of federally-chartered
depository institutions as follows: federal savings and loan associations and
federal savings banks may invest in, sell or otherwise deal in "mortgage
related securities" without limitation as to the percentage of their assets
represented thereby, federal credit unions may invest in such securities, and
national banks may purchase such securities for their own account without
regard to the limitations generally applicable to investment securities set
forth in 12 U.S.C. (S)24 (Seventh), subject in each case to such regulations
as the applicable federal regulatory authority may prescribe. In this
connection, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the "OCC" ) has
amended 12 C.F.R. Part 1 to authorize national banks to purchase and sell for
their own account, without limitation as to a percentage of the bank's capital
and surplus (but subject to compliance with certain general standards
concerning "safety and soundness" and retention of credit information in 12
C.F.R. (S)1.5), certain "Type IV securities," defined in 12 C.F.R. (S)1.2(l)
to include certain "residential mortgage related securities." As so defined,
"residential mortgage-related security" means, in relevant part, "mortgage
related security" within the meaning of SMMEA. The National Credit Union
Administration ("NCUA" ) has adopted rules, codified at 12 C.F.R. part 703,
which permit federal credit unions to invest in "mortgage related securities"
under certain limited circumstances, other than stripped mortgage related
securities, residual interests in mortgage related securities, and commercial
mortgage related securities, unless the credit union has obtained written
approval from the NCUA to participate in the "investment pilot program"
described in 12 C.F.R. (S)703.140.
All depository institutions considering an investment in the Certificates
should review the "Supervisory Policy Statement on Investment Securities and
End-User Derivatives Activities" (the "1998 POLICY STATEMENT") of the Federal
Financial Institutions Examination Council ("FFIEC"), which has been adopted
by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation, the OCC and the Office of Thrift Supervision,
139
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effective May 26, 1998, and by the NCUA, effective October 1, 1998. The 1998
Policy Statement sets forth general guidelines which depository institutions
must follow in managing risks (including market, credit, liquidity,
operational (transaction), and legal risks) applicable to all securities
(including mortgage pass-through securities and mortgage-derivative products)
used for investment purposes. Until October 1, 1998, federal credit unions
will still be subject to the FFIEC's now-superseded "Supervisory Policy
Statement on Securities Activities" dated January 28, 1992, as adopted by the
NCUA with certain modifications, which prohibited depository institutions from
investing in certain "high-risk mortgage securities," except under limited
circumstances, and set forth certain investment practices deemed to be
unsuitable for regulated institutions.
If specified in the related Prospectus Supplement, other classes of Offered
Securities offered pursuant to this Prospectus will not constitute "mortgage
related securities" under SMMEA. The appropriate characterization of those
classes under various legal investment restrictions, and thus the ability of
investors subject to these restrictions to purchase such Offered Securities,
may be subject to significant interpretive uncertainties.
Institutions whose investment activities are subject to regulation by
federal or state authorities should review rules, policies and guidelines
adopted from time to time by such authorities before purchasing any Offered
Securities, as certain classes or subclasses may be deemed unsuitable
investments, or may otherwise be restricted, under such rules, policies or
guidelines (in certain instances irrespective of SMMEA).
The foregoing does not take into consideration the applicability of
statutes, rules, regulations, orders, guidelines or agreements generally
governing investments made by a particular investor, including, but not
limited to, "prudent investor" provisions, percentage-of-assets limits
provisions which may restrict or prohibit investment in securities which are
not "interest bearing" or "income paying," and with regard to any Offered
Securities issued in book-entry form, provisions which may restrict or
prohibit investments in securities which are issued in book-entry form.
Except as to the status of certain classes of Offered Securities as
"mortgage related securities," no representation is made as to the proper
characterization of the Offered Securities for legal investment, financial
institution regulatory, or other purposes, or as to the ability of particular
investors to purchase any Offered Securities under applicable legal investment
restrictions. The uncertainties described above (and any unfavorable future
determinations concerning legal investment or financial institution regulatory
characteristics of the Offered Securities) may adversely affect the liquidity
of the Offered Securities.
Accordingly, all investors whose investment activities are subject to legal
investment laws and regulations, regulatory capital requirements or review by
regulatory authorities should consult with their own legal advisors in
determining whether and to what extent the Offered Securities of any class
constitute legal investments for them or are subject to investment, capital or
other restrictions, and, if applicable, whether SMMEA has been overridden in
any jurisdiction relevant to such investor.
METHODS OF DISTRIBUTION
The Securities offered hereby and by the Supplements to this Prospectus will
be offered in series. The distribution of the Securities may be effected from
time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions,
at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices to be determined at the
time of sale or at the time of commitment therefor. If so specified
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in the related Prospectus Supplement, the Securities will be distributed in a
firm commitment underwriting, subject to the terms and conditions of the
underwriting agreement, by Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. ("DBSI" ) acting as
underwriter with other underwriters, if any, named therein. In such event, the
Prospectus Supplement may also specify that the underwriters will not be
obligated to pay for any Securities agreed to be purchased by purchasers
pursuant to purchase agreements acceptable to the Depositor. In connection
with the sale of the Securities, underwriters may receive compensation from
the Depositor or from purchasers of the Securities in the form of discounts,
concessions or commissions. The Prospectus Supplement will describe any such
compensation paid by the Depositor.
Alternatively, the Prospectus Supplement may specify that the Securities
will be distributed by DBSI acting as agent or in some cases as principal with
respect to Securities which it has previously purchased or agreed to purchase.
If DBSI acts as agent in the sale of Securities, DBSI will receive a selling
commission with respect to each series of Securities, depending on market
conditions, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal balance of
the related Mortgage Loans as of the Cut-off Date. The exact percentage for
each series of Securities will be disclosed in the related Prospectus
Supplement. To the extent that DBSI elects to purchase Securities as
principal, DBSI may realize losses or profits based upon the difference
between its purchase price and the sales price. The Prospectus Supplement with
respect to any series offered other than through underwriters will contain
information regarding the nature of such offering and any agreements to be
entered into between the Depositor and purchasers of Securities of such
series.
The Depositor will indemnify DBSI and any underwriters against certain civil
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, or will
contribute to payments DBSI and any underwriters may be required to make in
respect thereof.
In the ordinary course of business, DBSI and the Depositor may engage in
various securities and financing transactions, including repurchase agreements
to provide interim financing of the Depositor's mortgage loans pending the
sale of such mortgage loans or interests therein, including the Securities.
The Depositor anticipates that the Securities will be sold primarily to
institutional investors. Purchasers of Securities, including dealers, may,
depending on the facts and circumstances of such purchases, be deemed to be
"underwriters" within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection
with reoffers and sales by them of Securities. Securityholders should consult
with their legal advisors in this regard prior to any such reoffer or sale.
As to each series of Securities, only those classes rated in one of the four
highest rating categories by any Rating Agency will be offered hereby. Any
unrated class may be initially retained by the Depositor, and may be sold by
the Depositor at any time to one or more institutional investors.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters, including the federal income tax consequences to
Securityholders of an investment in the Securities of a series, will be passed
upon for the Depositor by Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, New York, New York.
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FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A new Trust Fund will be formed with respect to each series of Securities
and no Trust Fund will engage in any business activities or have any assets or
obligations prior to the issuance of the related series of Securities.
Accordingly, no financial statements with respect to any Trust Fund will be
included in this Prospectus or in the related Prospectus Supplement.
RATING
It is a condition to the issuance of any class of Offered Securities that
they shall have been rated not lower than investment grade, that is, in one of
the four highest rating categories, by a Rating Agency.
Ratings on mortgage pass-through certificates address the likelihood of
receipt by Securityholders of all distributions on the underlying mortgage
loans. These ratings address the structural, legal and issuer-related aspects
associated with such certificates, the nature of the underlying assets and the
credit quality of the guarantor, if any. Ratings on mortgage pass-through
certificates and other asset backed securities do not represent any assessment
of the likelihood of principal prepayments by borrowers or of the degree by
which such prepayments might differ from those originally anticipated. As a
result, securityholders might suffer a lower than anticipated yield, and, in
addition, holders of stripped interest certificates in extreme cases might
fail to recoup their initial investments.
A security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities
and may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning
rating organization. Each security rating should be evaluated independently of
any other security rating.
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INDEX OF DEFINED TERMS
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
1998 Policy Statement....................................................... 139
Accrual Securities.......................................................... 48
Accrued Security Interest................................................... 50
Adjustable Rate Assets...................................................... 31
Agency Securities........................................................... 1
Agreement................................................................... 58
Agreements.................................................................. 17
ARM Loans................................................................... 33
Asset Conservation Act...................................................... 92
Asset Group................................................................. 48
Asset Seller................................................................ 31
Assets...................................................................... 1
Available Distribution Amount............................................... 49
Balloon Payment Assets...................................................... 27
Bankruptcy Code............................................................. 90
Bi-weekly Assets............................................................ 31
Book-Entry Securities....................................................... 48
Buy Down Assets............................................................. 31
Buydown Funds............................................................... 99
Buydown Mortgage Loans...................................................... 45
Buydown Period.............................................................. 45
Capitalized Interest Account................................................ 40
Cash Flow Agreement......................................................... 41
Cash Flow Agreements........................................................ 1
Cede........................................................................ 4
CERCLA...................................................................... 91
Certificates................................................................ 1
Charter Act................................................................. 36
Cleanup Costs............................................................... 91
Code........................................................................ 96
Collection Account.......................................................... 61
Commission.................................................................. 3
contract borrower........................................................... 84
Contract Lender............................................................. 84
Convertible Assets.......................................................... 31
Cooperative................................................................. 83
Cooperative Loans........................................................... 83
Cooperatives................................................................ 32
Counterparty................................................................ 30
Covered Trust............................................................... 29
CPR......................................................................... 44
Credit Support.............................................................. 1
Crime Control Act........................................................... 96
Cut-off Date................................................................ 19
DBSI........................................................................ 141
DCR......................................................................... 136
Debt Securities............................................................. 96
Definitive Securities....................................................... 30
Deposit Trust Agreement..................................................... 58
Depositor................................................................... 31
Determination Date.......................................................... 49
Disqualified Organization................................................... 113
</TABLE>
143
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<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Distribution Date........................................................... 18
DOL......................................................................... 135
DTC......................................................................... 4
Due Period.................................................................. 49
due-on-sale clauses......................................................... 47
ERISA....................................................................... 135
excess servicing............................................................ 123
Exchange Act................................................................ 4
Excluded Plan............................................................... 137
Exemption................................................................... 136
Fannie Mae.................................................................. 1
Fannie Mae Certificates..................................................... 31
FDIC........................................................................ 61
FFIEC....................................................................... 139
FHA......................................................................... 12
FHA Loans................................................................... 31
Freddie Mac................................................................. 1
Freddie Mac Act............................................................. 37
Freddie Mac Certificate Group............................................... 37
Freddie Mac Certificates.................................................... 31
Financial Instrument........................................................ 30
Fitch....................................................................... 136
Freddie Mac Certificates.................................................... 31
Garn-St. Germain Act........................................................ 93
GEM Assets.................................................................. 31
Ginnie Mae.................................................................. 1
Ginnie Mae Certificates..................................................... 31
GPM Assets.................................................................. 31
Grantor Trust Fund.......................................................... 96
Grantor Trust Securities.................................................... 96
Home Equity Loans........................................................... 32
Home Ownership Act.......................................................... 28
Housing Act................................................................. 28
HUD......................................................................... 68
Increasing Payment Assets................................................... 31
Indenture................................................................... 58
Indenture Trustee........................................................... 58
Indirect Participants....................................................... 56
Insurance Proceeds.......................................................... 49
Interest Accrual Period..................................................... 42
Interest Reduction Assets................................................... 31
land sale contract.......................................................... 84
Land Sale Contracts......................................................... 32
Level Payment Assets........................................................ 31
Liquidation Proceeds........................................................ 49
Loan-to-Value Ratio......................................................... 32
Lock-out Date............................................................... 34
Lock-out Period............................................................. 54
Mark to Market Regulations.................................................. 116
Master Servicer............................................................. 11
Moody's..................................................................... 136
Mortgage Loans.............................................................. 1
Mortgage Notes.............................................................. 32
Mortgage Rate............................................................... 33
</TABLE>
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<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Mortgage Securities......................................................... 31
Mortgaged Properties........................................................ 32
Mortgages................................................................... 32
mortgagor................................................................... 82
NCUA........................................................................ 139
new partnership............................................................. 131
New Regulations............................................................. 118
Non-Equity Securities....................................................... 138
Non-Pro Rata Security....................................................... 101
Nonrecoverable Advance...................................................... 53
Non-U.S. Person............................................................. 118
Notes....................................................................... 1
OCC......................................................................... 139
Offered Securities.......................................................... 1
OID Regulations............................................................. 97
old partnership............................................................. 131
Originators................................................................. 28
Participants................................................................ 56
Parties in Interest......................................................... 135
Partnership Securities...................................................... 96
Partnership Trust Fund...................................................... 96
Pass-Through Entity......................................................... 113
Pass-Through Rate........................................................... 50
PCBs........................................................................ 91
Permitted Investments....................................................... 61
Plan........................................................................ 22
Plans....................................................................... 136
Pooling and Servicing Agreement............................................. 57
Pre-Funded Amount........................................................... 40
Pre-Funding Account......................................................... 40
Pre-Funding Period.......................................................... 40
prepayment.................................................................. 44
Prepayment Assumption....................................................... 102
Prepayment Premium.......................................................... 34
PTCE........................................................................ 138
Purchase Price.............................................................. 60
Rating Agency............................................................... 23
RCRA........................................................................ 91
Record Date................................................................. 49
Refinance Loans............................................................. 32
Regular Securities.......................................................... 97
Regular Securityholder...................................................... 100
Related Proceeds............................................................ 53
Relief Act.................................................................. 95
REMIC....................................................................... 3
REMIC Pool.................................................................. 96
REMIC Provisions............................................................ 96
REMIC Regulations........................................................... 97
REMIC Securities............................................................ 57
REO Property................................................................ 54
Residual Holders............................................................ 108
Residual Securities......................................................... 97
</TABLE>
145
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
Restricted Group............................................................ 136
Retained Interest........................................................... 70
Revolving Credit Line Loans................................................. 34
RICO........................................................................ 95
S&P......................................................................... 136
SBJPA of 1996............................................................... 99
secured-creditor exemption.................................................. 91
Securities.................................................................. 1
Security.................................................................... 58
Security Balance............................................................ 51
Security Owners............................................................. 4
Securityholders............................................................. 4
senior lien................................................................. 27
Senior Securities........................................................... 48
Servicemen's Readjustment Act............................................... 39
Servicer.................................................................... 11
Servicing Standard.......................................................... 64
Single Family Mortgage Loan................................................. 32
Single Family Properties.................................................... 32
SMMEA....................................................................... 139
SPA......................................................................... 44
Special Servicer............................................................ 72
Standard Securities......................................................... 121
Startup Day................................................................. 97
Step-up Rate Assets......................................................... 31
Strip Securities............................................................ 48
Stripped Agency Securities.................................................. 38
Stripped Securities......................................................... 121
Stripped Securityholder..................................................... 126
Subordinate Securities...................................................... 48
Sub-prime Mortgage Loans.................................................... 27
Subsequent Assets........................................................... 40
Superliens.................................................................. 91
Taxable Mortgage Pools...................................................... 97
thrift institutions......................................................... 112
Tiered REMICS............................................................... 100
Title V..................................................................... 94
Title VIII.................................................................. 95
Trust Assets................................................................ 3
Trust Fund.................................................................. 1
Trustee..................................................................... 12
U.S. Person................................................................. 115
UCC......................................................................... 56
Underlying Servicing Agreement.............................................. 57
Underwriter................................................................. 136
UST......................................................................... 91
VA.......................................................................... 12
VA Guaranty Policy.......................................................... 69
VA Loans.................................................................... 32
Value....................................................................... 32
Voting Rights............................................................... 73
Warranting Party............................................................ 60
</TABLE>
146
<PAGE>
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 14. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION.
The expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the issuance and
distribution of the Securities being registered, other than underwriting
compensation, are as set forth below. All such expenses, except for the filing
fee, are estimated.
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SEC Registration Fee.......................................... $ 442,500
Printing and Engraving Fees................................... $ 270,000
Legal Fees and Expenses....................................... $ 750,000
Accounting Fees and Expenses.................................. $ 180,000
Trustee Fees and Expenses..................................... $ 90,000
Rating Agency Fees............................................ $1,530,000
Miscellaneous................................................. $ 150,000
----------
Total....................................................... $3,412,500
==========
</TABLE>
ITEM 15. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides that a Delaware
corporation may indemnify any persons, including officers and directors, who
are made, or are threatened to be made, parties to any threatened, pending or
completed legal action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal,
administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of
such corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an officer
or director of such corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such
corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation
or enterprise. The indemnity may include expenses (including attorneys' fees),
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding,
provided such officer or director acted in good faith and in a manner he
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the corporation's best
interests and, for criminal proceedings, had no reasonable cause to believe
that his conduct was illegal. A Delaware corporation may indemnify officers
and directors in an action by or in the right of the corporation under the
same conditions, except that no indemnification is permitted without judicial
approval if the officer or director is adjudged to be liable to the
corporation. Where an officer or director is successful on the merits or
otherwise in the defense of any action referred to above, the corporation must
indemnify him against the expenses which such officer or director actually and
reasonably incurred.
The By-laws of the Registrant provide for indemnification of officers and
directors to the full extent permitted by the Delaware General Corporation
Law.
The Pooling and Servicing Agreement or Indenture for each series of
Securities will provide either that the Registrant and the partners,
directors, officers, employees and agents of the Registrant, or that the
Servicer or Master Servicer and the partners, directors, officers, employees
and agents of the Servicer or Master Servicer, will be entitled to
indemnification by the Trust Fund and will be held harmless against any loss,
liability or expense incurred in connection with any legal action relating to
the Agreement or the Securities, other than any loss, liability or expense
incurred by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in
the performance of his or its duties thereunder or by reason of reckless
disregard of his or its obligations and duties thereunder.
II-1
<PAGE>
The Underwriting Agreement for each series of Securities will generally
provide that each underwriter will indemnify the Registrant, each of its
directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement, and each
person who controls the Registrant within the meaning of either the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), or the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), against claims, damages, or
liability, to which the Registrant may become subject, under the Securities
Act or the Exchange Act, or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages
or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon
any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of material fact furnished by
the underwriter for the preparation of a prospectus, or included in any
computational materials, term sheets or similar documents delivered to
prospective investors by the underwriter (other than any such untrue statement
that is based on materials previously provided to the underwriter by the
Registrant).
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS.
<TABLE>
<C> <S>
1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement.*
4.1 Form of Pooling and Servicing Agreement.*
4.2 Form of Indenture.*
5.1 Opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft.*
8.1 Opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft with respect to certain tax
matters.*
24.1 Consent of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft (included as part of Exhibits
5.1 and 8.1).*
25.1 Powers of Attorney.*
99.1 Form of Owner Trust Agreement
</TABLE>
*Previously filed.
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS.
A. Undertaking pursuant to Rule 415.
The Registrant hereby undertakes:
(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a
post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement: (i) to include any
prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; (ii) to
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date
of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment
thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental
change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement; (iii) to
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change of
such information in the Registration Statement;
provided, however, that paragraphs (i) and (ii) do not apply if the
information required to be included in the post-effective amendment is
contained in periodic reports filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13
or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated
by reference in the Registration Statement.
(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities
Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new
registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof.
II-2
<PAGE>
(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any
of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of
the offering.
B. Undertaking in connection with incorporation by reference of certain
filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any
liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the Registrant's
annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 that is incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the
securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
C. Undertaking in respect of indemnification.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act
of 1933 (the "Act") may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling
persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 15
above, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of
the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event
that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the
payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer
or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any
action, suit or proceeding) is asserted against the Registrant by such
director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel
the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of
appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is
against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the
final adjudication of such issues.
D. Undertaking in respect of qualification of Indentures under the Trust
Indenture Act of 1939.
The Registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of
determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of
Section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 in accordance with the rules
and regulations prescribed by the Commission under Section 305(b)(2) of the
Trust Indenture Act of 1939.
II-3
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the
Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets
all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 (including the requirement that
the securities be rated investment grade at the time of sale) and has duly
caused this Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Form S-3 Registration Statement
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in
the City of Charlotte, State of North Carolina, on the 30th day of September,
1998.
ACE Securities Corp.
/s/ Elizabeth S. Eldridge
By:__________________________________
Name: Elizabeth S. Eldridge
Title: Vice President
II-4
<PAGE>
PURSUANT TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, THIS
PRE-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO FORM S-3 REGISTRATION STATEMENT HAS BEEN
SIGNED BELOW BY THE FOLLOWING PERSONS IN THE CAPACITIES INDICATED.
<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C>
* President and Chief
- ------------------------------------- Executive Officer September 30,
DOUGLAS K. JOHNSON 1998
* Vice President,
- ------------------------------------- Treasurer and Chief September 30,
JULIANA C. JOHNSON Financial Officer 1998
and Chief
Accounting Officer
/s/ Elizabeth S. Eldridge Vice President,
- ------------------------------------- Secretary September 30,
ELIZABETH S. ELDRIDGE and Assistant Treasurer 1998
/s/ Elizabeth S. Eldridge
*By: ________________________________
ELIZABETH S. ELDRIDGE
ATTORNEY-IN-FACT
</TABLE>
- --------
(1) Elizabeth S. Eldridge, by signing her name hereto, does sign this document
on behalf of the person indicated above pursuant to a power of attorney
duly executed by such person and filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
II-5
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT INDEX
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
EXHIBIT SEQUENTIALLY
NUMBER NUMBERED PAGE
------- -------------
<C> <S> <C>
1.1* Form of Underwriting Agreement.
4.1* Form of Pooling and Servicing Agreement.
4.2* Form of Indenture
5.1* Opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft.
8.1* Opinion of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft with respect
to certain tax matters.
24.1* Consent of Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft (included as
part of Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1).
25.1* Powers of Attorney (contained on page II-6 of this
Registration Statement).
99.1 Form of Owner Trust Agreement.
</TABLE>
- --------
* Previously Filed
<PAGE>
================================================================================
OWNER TRUST AGREEMENT
among
ACE SECURITIES CORP.,
as Depositor,
[_________________],
as the Company,
[_____________________],
as Owner Trustee
[_______________________],
as Paying Agent
Dated as of [________]
[___________________________] TRUST 199[_]-[_]
Home Loan Asset Backed Notes, Series 199[_]-[_]
================================================================================
<PAGE>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
----
<S> <C>
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.1 Capitalized Terms................................................................................ 1
SECTION 1.2 Other Definitional Provisions.................................................................... 4
ARTICLE II
ORGANIZATION
SECTION 2.1 Name............................................................................................. 4
SECTION 2.2 Office........................................................................................... 5
SECTION 2.3 Purposes and Powers.............................................................................. 5
SECTION 2.4 Appointment of Owner Trustee..................................................................... 5
SECTION 2.5 Initial Capital Contribution of Owner Trust Estate............................................... 5
SECTION 2.6 Declaration of Trust............................................................................. 6
SECTION 2.7 Title to Trust Property.......................................................................... 6
SECTION 2.8 Situs of Trust................................................................................... 6
SECTION 2.9 Representations and Warranties of the Depositor and the Company; Covenant of the Company......... 7
ARTICLE III
RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFER OF INTERESTS
SECTION 3.1 Initial Ownership................................................................................ 9
SECTION 3.2 The Residual Interest Certificates............................................................... 9
SECTION 3.3 Execution, Authentication and Delivery of Residual Interest Certificates......................... 9
SECTION 3.4 Registration of Transfer and Exchange of Residual Interest Certificates.......................... 9
SECTION 3.5 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Residual Interest Certificates.............................. 10
SECTION 3.6 Persons Deemed Owners............................................................................ 11
SECTION 3.7 Access to List of Owners' Names and Addresses.................................................... 11
SECTION 3.8 Maintenance of Office or Agency.................................................................. 11
SECTION 3.9 Appointment of Paying Agent...................................................................... 11
SECTION 3.10 Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Interest Certificates...................................... 12
ARTICLE IV
ACTIONS BY OWNER TRUSTEE
SECTION 4.1 Prior Notice to Owners with Respect to Certain Matters; Covenants................................ 14
SECTION 4.2 Action by Owners with Respect to Certain Matters................................................. 17
</TABLE>
-i-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
SECTION 4.3 Action by Owners with Respect to Bankruptcy...................................................... 18
SECTION 4.4 Restrictions on Owners' Power.................................................................... 18
SECTION 4.5 Majority Control................................................................................. 18
ARTICLE V
APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS; CERTAIN DUTIES
SECTION 5.1 Establishment of Trust Account................................................................... 18
SECTION 5.2 Application Of Trust Funds....................................................................... 19
SECTION 5.3 Method of Payment................................................................................ 19
SECTION 5.4 Segregation of Moneys; No Interest............................................................... 20
SECTION 5.5 Accounting and Reports to the Certificateholder, Owners, the Internal Revenue Service and
Others......................................................................................... 20
ARTICLE VI
AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OWNER TRUSTEE
SECTION 6.1 General Authority................................................................................ 21
SECTION 6.2 General Duties................................................................................... 21
SECTION 6.3 Action upon Instruction.......................................................................... 21
SECTION 6.4 No Duties Except as Specified in this Agreement, the Basic Documents or in Instructions.......... 22
SECTION 6.5 No Action Except Under Specified Documents or Instructions....................................... 23
SECTION 6.6 Restrictions..................................................................................... 23
ARTICLE VII
CONCERNING THE OWNER TRUSTEE
SECTION 7.1 Acceptance of Trusts and Duties.................................................................. 23
SECTION 7.2 Furnishing of Documents.......................................................................... 24
SECTION 7.3 Representations and Warranties................................................................... 25
SECTION 7.4 Reliance; Advice of Counsel...................................................................... 26
SECTION 7.5 Not Acting in Individual Capacity................................................................ 26
SECTION 7.6 Owner Trustee Not Liable for Residual Interest Certificates or Home Loans........................ 26
SECTION 7.7 Owner Trustee May Own Residual Interest Certificates and Notes................................... 27
SECTION 7.8 Licenses......................................................................................... 27
ARTICLE VIII
COMPENSATION OF OWNER TRUSTEE AND PAYING AGENT
SECTION 8.1 Fees and Expenses................................................................................ 27
SECTION 8.2 Indemnification.................................................................................. 27
SECTION 8.3 Payments to the Owner Trustee and Paying Agent................................................... 28
</TABLE>
-ii-
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<S> <C>
ARTICLE IX
TERMINATION OF OWNER TRUST AGREEMENT
SECTION 9.1 Termination of Owner Trust Agreement............................................................. 28
ARTICLE X
SUCCESSOR OWNER TRUSTEES AND ADDITIONAL OWNER TRUSTEES
SECTION 10.1 Eligibility Requirements for Owner Trustee...................................................... 29
SECTION 10.2 Resignation or Removal of Owner Trustee......................................................... 30
SECTION 10.3 Successor Owner Trustee......................................................................... 30
SECTION 10.4 Merger or Consolidation of Owner Trustee........................................................ 31
SECTION 10.5 Appointment of Co-Owner Trustee or Separate Owner Trustee....................................... 31
ARTICLE XI
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 11.1 Supplements and Amendments...................................................................... 33
SECTION 11.2 No Legal Title to Owner Trust Estate in Owners.................................................. 34
SECTION 11.3 Limitations on Rights of Others................................................................. 34
SECTION 11.4 Notices......................................................................................... 34
SECTION 11.5 Severability.................................................................................... 34
SECTION 11.6 Separate Counterparts........................................................................... 35
SECTION 11.7 Successors and Assigns.......................................................................... 35
SECTION 11.8 No Petition..................................................................................... 35
SECTION 11.9 No Recourse..................................................................................... 35
SECTION 11.10 Headings....................................................................................... 35
SECTION 11.11 Governing Law.................................................................................. 35
SECTION 11.12 Residual Interest Transfer Restrictions........................................................ 36
</TABLE>
EXHIBIT A Form of Residual Interest Certificate
EXHIBIT B Form of Certificate of Trust
-iii-
<PAGE>
THIS OWNER TRUST AGREEMENT, dated as of [_________], among ACE
SECURITIES CORP., a Delaware corporation, as Depositor (the "Depositor"),
---------
[_________], a [_________] corporation (the "Company"), [_________], a
-------
[_________] corporation, as Owner Trustee (the "Owner Trustee") and [_________],
-------------
a [_________] corporation (the "Paying Agent").
------------
WITNESSETH:
In consideration of the mutual agreements and covenants herein
contained, the Depositor, the Company, the Paying Agent and the Owner Trustee
hereby agree for the benefit of each of them and the holders of the Residual
Interest Certificates as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.1 Capitalized Terms. For all purposes of this Agreement,
-----------------
the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:
"Administration Agreement" shall mean the Administration Agreement,
------------------------
dated as of [_________] among the Issuer, the Company, and [_________], as
Administrator.
"Administrator" shall mean [_________], or any successor in interest
-------------
thereto, in its capacity as Administrator under the Administration Agreement.
"Agreement" shall mean this Owner Trust Agreement, as the same may be
---------
amended and supplemented from time to time.
"Basic Documents" shall mean the Certificate of Owner Trust,
---------------
Certificate of Grantor Trust, this Agreement, the Grantor Trust Agreement, the
Indenture, the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Administration Agreement, the
Custodial Agreement, the Note Depository Agreement and other documents and
certificates delivered in connection herewith or therewith.
"Benefit Plan Investor" shall have the meaning assigned to such term
---------------------
in Section 3.10(b).
---------------
"Business Trust Statute" shall mean Chapter 38 of Title 12 of the
----------------------
Delaware Code, 12 Del. Code (S) 3801 et seq., as the same may be amended from
-- ---
time to time.
"Certificate Distribution Account" shall have the meaning assigned to
--------------------------------
such term in Section 5.1.
-----------
"Certificate of Trust" shall mean the Certificate of Trust in the form
--------------------
of Exhibit B to be filed for the Trust pursuant to Section 3810(a) of the
Business Trust Statute.
-1-
<PAGE>
"Certificate Register" and "Certificate Registrar" shall mean the
-------------------- ---------------------
register mentioned and the registrar appointed pursuant to Section 3.4.
-----------
"Certificateholder" or "Holder" shall mean a Person in whose name a
----------------- ------
Trust Certificate is registered.
"Corporate Trust Office" shall mean, with respect to the Trust, the
----------------------
principal corporate trust office of the Trust located at [_________] Trust
199[_]-[_], c/o [_________], [_________], Attention: [_________]; or at such
other address in the State of Delaware as the Owner Trustee may designate by
notice to the Owners and the Company, or the principal corporate trust office of
any successor Owner Trustee (the address (which shall be in the State of
Delaware) of which the successor owner trustee will notify the Owners and the
Company).
"Definitive Certificate" means a certificated form of security that
----------------------
represents a Residual Interest Certificate.
"ERISA" shall mean the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
-----
1974, as amended.
"Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
------------
amended.
"Expenses" shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section
-------- -------
8.2.
- ---
"Indenture" shall mean the Indenture, dated as of [_________], by and
---------
between the Issuer and the Indenture Trustee.
"Indenture Trustee" means [_________], as Indenture Trustee under the
-----------------
Indenture.
"Issuer" shall mean [_________] Trust 199[_]-[_], the Delaware
------
business trust created pursuant to this Agreement.
"Majority Residual Interestholders" shall mean the Holders of more
---------------------------------
than an aggregate 50% Percentage Interest of the Residual Interest.
"Owner" shall mean each holder of a Residual Interest Certificate.
-----
"Owner Trustee" shall mean [_________], a Delaware banking
-------------
corporation, not in its individual capacity but solely as owner trustee under
this Agreement, and any successor owner trustee hereunder.
"Paying Agent" shall mean the Indenture Trustee or any successor in
------------
interest thereto or any other paying agent or co-paying agent appointed pursuant
to Section 3.9 hereunder and authorized by the Issuer to make payments to and
-----------
distributions from the Certificate Distribution Account.
-2-
<PAGE>
"Percentage Interest" shall mean with respect to each Residual
-------------------
Interest Certificate, the percentage portion of all of the Residual Interest
evidenced thereby as stated on the face of such Residual Interest Certificate.
"Prospective Owner" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
----------------- -------
3.10(a).
- -------
"Rating Agency Condition" means, with respect to any action to which a
-----------------------
Rating Agency Condition applies, that each Rating Agency shall have been given
10 days (or such shorter period as is acceptable to each Rating Agency) prior
notice thereof and that each of the Rating Agencies shall have notified the
Depositor, the Servicer, the Owner Trustee and the Issuer in writing that such
action will not result in a reduction or withdrawal of the then current rating
of the Notes.
"Record Date" shall mean as to each Payment Date the last Business Day
-----------
of the month immediately preceding the month in which such Payment Date occurs.
"Residual Interest" shall mean the right to receive distributions of
-----------------
Excess Spread, if any, and certain other funds, if any, on each Payment Date,
pursuant to Section 5.2 of this Agreement, Sections 5.01(d), 5.01(e) and 5.02(b)
of the Sale and Servicing Agreement and Section 5.04(b) of the Indenture.
"Residual Interest Certificate" shall mean a certificate substantially
-----------------------------
in the form attached as Exhibit A hereto and evidencing the Residual Interest.
---------
"Residual Interestholder" shall mean any Holder of a Percentage
-----------------------
Interest of the Residual Interest.
"Sale and Servicing Agreement" shall mean the Sale and Servicing
----------------------------
Agreement dated as of the date hereof, among the Owner Trust as Issuer, Ace
Securities Corp., as Depositor, [_________], as Indenture Trustee and Grantor
Trustee, and the Company, as Transferor and Servicer, as the same may be amended
from time to time.
"Secretary of State" shall mean the Secretary of State of the State of
------------------
Delaware.
"Trust" shall mean the trust established by this Agreement.
-----
"U.S. Person" shall mean a citizen or resident of the United States, a
-----------
corporation, partnership (except as provided in applicable Treasury regulations)
or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States
or any political subdivision thereof, an estate that is subject to United States
federal income tax regardless of the source of its income, or a trust if a court
within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the
administration of the trust and one or more such U.S. Persons have authority to
control all substantial decisions of the trust (or, to the extent provided in
Treasury regulations, certain trusts in existence on August 20, 1996 which are
eligible to be treated as U.S. Persons).
-3-
<PAGE>
SECTION 1.2 Other Definitional Provisions.
-----------------------------
(a) Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein
have the meanings assigned to them in the Sale and Servicing Agreement or, if
not defined therein, in the Indenture.
(b) All terms defined in this Agreement shall have the defined
meanings when used in any certificate or other document made or delivered
pursuant hereto unless otherwise defined therein.
(c) As used in this Agreement and in any certificate or other document
made or delivered pursuant hereto or thereto, accounting terms not defined in
this Agreement or in any such certificate or other document, and accounting
terms partly defined in this Agreement or in any such certificate or other
document to the extent not defined, shall have the respective meanings given to
them under generally accepted accounting principles. To the extent that the
definitions of accounting terms in this Agreement or in any such certificate or
other document are inconsistent with the meanings of such terms under generally
accepted accounting principles, the definitions contained in this Agreement or
in any such certificate or other document shall control.
(d) The words "hereof", "herein", "hereunder" and words of similar
import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and
not to any particular provision of this Agreement; Section and Exhibit
references contained in this Agreement are references to Sections and Exhibits
in or to this Agreement unless otherwise specified; and the term "including"
shall mean "including without limitation".
(e) The definitions contained in this Agreement are applicable to the
singular as well as the plural forms of such terms and to the masculine as well
as to the feminine and neuter genders of such terms.
(f) Any agreement, instrument or statute defined or referred to herein
or in any instrument or certificate delivered in connection herewith means such
agreement, instrument or statute as from time to time amended, modified or
supplemented and includes (in the case of agreements or instruments) references
to all attachments thereto and instruments incorporated therein; references to a
Person are also to its permitted successors and assigns.
ARTICLE II
ORGANIZATION
SECTION 2.1 Name. The Trust created hereby shall be known as
----
"[_________] Trust 199[_]-[_]", in which name the Owner Trustee may conduct the
business of the Trust, make and execute contracts and other instruments on
behalf of the Trust and sue and be sued.
-4-
<PAGE>
SECTION 2.2 Office. The office of the Trust shall be in care of the
------
Owner Trustee at the Corporate Trust Office or at such other address in
Delaware as the Owner Trustee may designate by written notice to the Owners and
the Company.
SECTION 2.3 Purposes and Powers. (a) The purpose of the Trust is to
-------------------
engage in the following activities:
(i) to issue the Notes pursuant to the Indenture and to sell
such Notes;
(ii) with the proceeds of the sale of the Notes, to pay the
organizational, start-up and transactional expenses of the Trust and to pay
the balance to the Depositor and the Company, as their interests may appear
pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement;
(iii) to purchase, hold, assign, grant, transfer, pledge,
mortgage and convey the Owner Trust Estate pursuant to the Indenture and to
hold, manage and distribute to the Owners pursuant to the terms of the Sale
and Servicing Agreement any portion of the Owner Trust Estate released from
the lien of, and remitted to the Trust pursuant to the Indenture;
(iv) to enter into and perform its obligations under the Basic
Documents to which it is to be a party;
(v) to engage in those activities, including entering into
agreements, that are necessary, suitable or convenient to accomplish the
foregoing or are incidental thereto or connected therewith;
(vi) subject to compliance with the Basic Documents, to engage
in such other activities as may be required in connection with conservation
of the Owner Trust Estate and the making of distributions to the Owners and
the Noteholders; and
(vii) to issue the Residual Interest Certificates pursuant to
this Agreement.
The Trust is hereby authorized to engage in the foregoing activities. The Trust
shall not engage in any activity other than in connection with the foregoing or
other than as required or authorized by the terms of this Agreement or the Basic
Documents.
SECTION 2.4 Appointment of Owner Trustee. The Depositor hereby
----------------------------
appoints the Owner Trustee as trustee of the Trust effective as of the date
hereof, to have all the rights, powers and duties set forth herein.
SECTION 2.5 Initial Capital Contribution of Owner Trust Estate. The
--------------------------------------------------
Depositor hereby sells, assigns, transfers, conveys and sets over to the Owner
Trustee, as of the date hereof, the sum of $1. The Owner Trustee hereby
acknowledges receipt in trust from
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<PAGE>
the Depositor, as of the date hereof, of the foregoing contribution, which shall
constitute the initial Owner Trust Estate and shall be deposited in the
Certificate Distribution Account. The Depositor or the Company shall pay
reasonable organizational expenses of the Trust as they may arise or shall, upon
the request of the Owner Trustee, promptly reimburse the Owner Trustee for any
such expenses paid by the Owner Trustee.
SECTION 2.6 Declaration of Trust. The Owner Trustee hereby declares
--------------------
that it will hold the Owner Trust Estate in trust upon and subject to the
conditions set forth herein for the use and benefit of the Owners, subject to
the obligations of the Trust under the Basic Documents. It is the intention of
the parties hereto that the Trust constitute a business trust under the Business
Trust Statute and that this Agreement constitute the governing instrument of
such business trust. It is the intention of the parties hereto that, solely for
federal, state and local income and franchise tax purposes (i) so long as there
is a sole Owner, the Trust shall be treated as a security arrangement, with the
assets of the Trust being the Grantor Trust Certificate and the other assets
held by the Trust, the owner of the Grantor Trust Certificate being the sole
Owner and the Notes being non-recourse debt of the sole Owner, and (ii) if there
is more than one Owner, the Trust shall be treated as a partnership, with the
assets of the partnership being the Grantor Trust Certificate and other assets
held by the Trust, the partners of the partnership being the holders of the
Residual Interest Certificates and the Notes being non-recourse debt of the
partnership. The Trust shall not elect to be treated as an association under
Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-3(a) for federal income tax purposes. The
parties agree that, unless otherwise required by appropriate tax authorities,
the sole Owner or the Trust will file or cause to be filed annual or other
necessary returns, reports and other forms consistent with the characterization
of the Trust as provided in the second preceding sentence for such tax purposes.
Effective as of the date hereof, the Owner Trustee shall have all rights, powers
and duties set forth herein and in the Business Trust Statute with respect to
accomplishing the purposes of the Trust.
SECTION 2.7 Title to Trust Property.
-----------------------
(a) Subject to the Indenture, legal title to all the Owner Trust
Estate shall be vested at all times in the Trust as a separate legal entity
except where applicable law in any jurisdiction requires title to any part of
the Owner Trust Estate to be vested in a trustee or trustees, in which case
title shall be deemed to be vested in the Owner Trustee and/or a separate
trustee, as the case may be.
(b) The Owners shall not have legal title to any part of the Owner
Trust Estate. No transfer by operation of law or otherwise of any interest of
the Owners shall operate to terminate this Agreement or the trusts hereunder or
entitle any transferee to an accounting or to the transfer to it of any part of
the Owner Trust Estate.
SECTION 2.8 Situs of Trust. The Trust will be located and
--------------
administered in the State of Delaware. All bank accounts maintained by the
Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall be located in the State of Delaware
[or the State of New York], except with respect to accounts maintained by the
Indenture Trustee on behalf of the Owner Trustee. The Trust shall
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<PAGE>
not have any employees; provided, however, that nothing herein shall restrict or
prohibit the Owner Trustee from having employees within or without the State of
Delaware. Payments will be received by the Trust only in Delaware [or New York],
and payments will be made by the Trust only from Delaware [or New York], except
with respect to payments made by the Indenture Trustee on behalf of the Owner
Trustee. The only offices of the Trust will be at the Corporate Trust Office in
Delaware.
SECTION 2.9 Representations and Warranties of the Depositor and the
-------------------------------------------------------
Company; Covenant of the Company.
- --------------------------------
(a) The Depositor hereby represents and warrants to the Owner Trustee
that:
(i) The Depositor is a corporation duly organized, validly
existing, and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and
has all licenses necessary to carry on its business as now being conducted.
The Depositor has the power and authority to execute and deliver this
Agreement and to perform in accordance herewith; the execution, delivery
and performance of this Agreement (including all instruments of transfer to
be delivered pursuant to this Agreement) by the Depositor and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and
validly authorized by all necessary action of the Depositor; this Agreement
evidences the valid, binding and enforceable obligation of the Depositor;
and all requisite action has been taken by the Depositor to make this
Agreement valid, binding and enforceable upon the Depositor in accordance
with its terms, subject to the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization, moratorium and other, similar laws relating to or affecting
creditors' rights generally or the application of equitable principles in
any proceeding, whether at law or in equity;
(ii) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement will not result in (i) the breach of any terms or provisions of
the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Depositor, (ii) the breach
of any term or provision of, or conflict with or constitute a default under
or result in the acceleration of any obligation under, any material
agreement, indenture or loan or credit agreement or other material
instrument to which the Depositor, or its property is subject, or (iii) the
violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree to which
the Depositor or its respective property is subject;
(iii) The Depositor is not in default with respect to any order
or decree of any court or any order, regulation or demand of any federal,
state, municipal or other governmental agency, which default might have
consequences that would materially and adversely affect the condition
(financial or otherwise) or operations of the Depositor or its properties
or might have consequences that would materially and adversely affect its
performance hereunder.
(b) The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Owner Trustee
that:
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<PAGE>
(i) The Company is duly organized and validly existing as a
corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of [_________],
with power and authority to own its properties and to conduct its business
as such properties are currently owned and such business is presently
conducted.
(ii) The Company is duly qualified to do business as a foreign
corporation in good standing, and has obtained all necessary licenses and
approvals in all jurisdictions in which the ownership or lease of property
or the conduct of its business shall require such qualifications.
(iii) The Company has the power and authority to execute and
deliver this Agreement and to carry out its terms; and the execution,
delivery and performance of this Agreement has been duly authorized by the
Company by all necessary corporate action.
(iv) The consummation of the transactions contemplated by this
Agreement and the fulfillment of the terms hereof do not conflict with,
result in any breach of any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute
(with or without notice or lapse of time) a default under, the articles of
incorporation or by-laws of the Company, or any indenture, agreement or
other instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound;
nor result in the creation or imposition of any lien upon any of its
properties pursuant to the terms of any such indenture, agreement or other
instrument (other than pursuant to the Basic Documents); nor violate any
law or, to the best of the Company's knowledge, any order, rule or
regulation applicable to the Company of any court or of any Federal or
state regulatory body, administrative agency or other governmental
instrumentality having jurisdiction over the Company or its properties.
(v) There are no proceedings or investigations pending or, to
the Company's best knowledge, threatened, before any court, regulatory
body, administrative agency or other governmental instrumentality having
jurisdiction over the Company or its properties: (i) asserting the
invalidity of this Agreement, (ii) seeking to prevent the consummation of
any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or (iii) seeking any
determination or ruling that might materially and adversely affect the
performance by the Company of its obligations under, or the validity or
enforceability of, this Agreement.
(c) The Company covenants with the Owner Trustee that during the
continuance of this Agreement it will comply in all respects with the provisions
of its Articles of Incorporation in effect from time to time.
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<PAGE>
ARTICLE III
RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATES AND TRANSFER OF INTERESTS
SECTION 3.1 Initial Ownership. Upon the formation of the Trust by
-----------------
the contribution by the Depositor pursuant to Section 2.5 and until the issuance
------------
of the Residual Interest Certificates, the Depositor shall be the sole Owner of
the Trust.
SECTION 3.2 The Residual Interest Certificates. The Residual
----------------------------------
Interest Certificates shall not be issued with a principal amount. The Residual
Interest Certificates shall be executed on behalf of the Trust by manual or
facsimile signature of a Trust Officer of the Owner Trustee. Residual Interest
Certificates bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals who were,
at the time when such signatures shall have been affixed, authorized to sign on
behalf of the Trust, shall be valid and binding obligations of the Trust,
notwithstanding that such individuals or any of them shall have ceased to be so
authorized prior to the authentication and delivery of such Residual Interest
Certificates or did not hold such offices at the date of authentication and
delivery of such Residual Interest Certificates.
A transferee of a Residual Interest Certificate shall become an Owner,
and shall be entitled to the rights and subject to the obligations of an Owner
hereunder and under the Sale and Servicing Agreement, upon such transferee's
acceptance of a Residual Interest Certificate duly registered in such
transferee's name pursuant to Section 3.4.
-----------
SECTION 3.3 Execution, Authentication and Delivery of Residual
--------------------------------------------------
Interest Certificates. Concurrently with the initial sale of the Grantor Trust
- ---------------------
Certificate to the Trust pursuant to the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Owner
Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall cause the Residual Interest Certificates
representing 100% of the Percentage Interests of the Residual Interest to be
executed, authenticated and delivered to or upon the written order of the
Depositor, signed by its chairman of the board, its president or any vice
president, without further corporate action by the Depositor, in authorized
denominations. No Residual Interest Certificate shall entitle its holder to any
benefit under this Agreement, or shall be valid for any purpose, unless there
shall appear on such Residual Interest Certificate a certificate of
authentication substantially in the form set forth in Exhibit A, executed by the
---------
Owner Trustee or the Administrator, as the Owner Trustee's authenticating agent,
by manual or facsimile signature; such authentication shall constitute
conclusive evidence that such Residual Interest Certificate shall have been duly
authenticated and delivered hereunder. All Residual Interest Certificates shall
be dated the date of their authentication.
SECTION 3.4 Registration of Transfer and Exchange of Residual
-------------------------------------------------
Interest Certificates. The Certificate Registrar shall keep or cause to be
- ---------------------
kept, at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 3.8 a Certificate
-----------
Register in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe,
the Owner Trustee shall provide for the registration of Residual Interest
Certificates and of transfers and exchanges of Residual Interest Certificates as
herein provided. The Administrator shall be the initial Certificate Registrar.
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<PAGE>
Upon surrender for registration of transfer of any Residual Interest
Certificate at the office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 3.8, the
-----------
Owner Trustee shall execute, authenticate and deliver (or shall cause the
Administrator as its authenticating agent to authenticate and deliver), in the
name of the designated transferee or transferees, one or more new Residual
Interest Certificates in authorized denominations of a like aggregate amount
dated the date of authentication by the Owner Trustee or any authenticating
agent provided that prior to such execution, authentication and delivery, the
--------
Owner Trustee, the Administrator and the Certificate Registrar shall have
received an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the proposed transfer will not
cause the Trust to be characterized as an association (or a publicly traded
partnership) taxable as a corporation or alter the tax characterization of the
Notes for federal income tax or California state law purposes. At the option of
an Owner, Residual Interest Certificates may be exchanged for other Residual
Interest Certificates of authorized denominations of a like aggregate amount
upon surrender of the Residual Interest Certificates to be exchanged at the
office or agency maintained pursuant to Section 3.8.
-----------
Every Residual Interest Certificate presented or surrendered for
registration of transfer or exchange shall be accompanied by a written
instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Owner Trustee and the
Certificate Registrar duly executed by the Owner or his attorney duly authorized
in writing. In addition, each Residual Interest Certificate presented or
surrendered for registration of transfer and exchange must be accompanied by a
letter from the Prospective Owner certifying as to the representations set forth
in Sections 3.10(a) and (b). Each Residual Interest Certificate surrendered for
------------------------
registration of transfer or exchange shall be canceled and disposed of by the
Owner Trustee in accordance with its customary practice.
No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer or
exchange of Residual Interest Certificates, but the Owner Trustee or the
Certificate Registrar may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax
or governmental charge that may be imposed in connection with any transfer or
exchange of Residual Interest Certificates.
The preceding provisions of this Section notwithstanding, the Owner
Trustee shall not make and the Certificate Registrar shall not register
transfers or exchanges of Residual Interest Certificates for a period of 15 days
preceding the due date for any payment with respect to the Residual Interest
Certificates.
SECTION 3.5 Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost or Stolen Residual Interest
------------------------------------------------------
Certificates. If (a) any mutilated Residual Interest Certificate shall be
- ------------
surrendered to the Certificate Registrar, or if the Certificate Registrar shall
receive evidence to its satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any
Residual Interest Certificate and (b) there shall be delivered to the
Certificate Registrar and the Owner Trustee such security or indemnity as may be
required by them to save each of them harmless, then in the absence of notice
that such Residual Interest Certificate shall have been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall execute and the Owner
Trustee, or the Administrator as the Owner Trustee's authenticating agent, shall
authenticate and deliver, in exchange for or in lieu of any such mutilated,
destroyed, lost or stolen Residual Interest Certificate, a new Residual
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<PAGE>
Interest Certificate of like tenor and denomination. In connection with the
issuance of any new Residual Interest Certificate under this Section, the Owner
Trustee or the Certificate Registrar may require the payment of a sum sufficient
to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in connection
therewith. Any duplicate Residual Interest Certificate issued pursuant to this
Section shall constitute conclusive evidence of ownership in the Trust, as if
originally issued, whether or not the lost, stolen or destroyed Residual
Interest Certificate shall be found at any time.
SECTION 3.6 Persons Deemed Owners. Prior to due presentation of a
---------------------
Residual Interest Certificate for registration of transfer, the Owner Trustee or
the Certificate Registrar may treat the Person in whose name any Residual
Interest Certificate shall be registered in the Certificate Register as the
owner of such Residual Interest Certificate for the purpose of receiving
distributions pursuant to Section 5.2 and for all other purposes whatsoever, and
-----------
neither the Owner Trustee nor the Certificate Registrar shall be bound by any
notice to the contrary.
SECTION 3.7 Access to List of Owners' Names and Addresses. The
---------------------------------------------
Owner Trustee shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Servicer, the
Depositor and the Indenture Trustee, within 15 days after receipt by the Owner
Trustee of a request therefor from the Servicer, the Depositor or the Indenture
Trustee in writing, a list, in such form as the Servicer, the Depositor or the
Indenture Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the
Owners as of the most recent Record Date. If a Certificateholder applies in
writing to the Owner Trustee, and such application states that the applicant
desire to communicate with other Certificateholders with respect to their rights
under this Agreement or under the Residual Interest Certificates and such
application is accompanied by a copy of the communication that such applicants
propose to transmit, then the Owner Trustee shall, within five Business Days
after the receipt of such application, afford such applicants access during
normal business hours to the current list of Certificateholders. Each Owner, by
receiving and holding a Residual Interest Certificate, shall be deemed to have
agreed not to hold any of the Depositor, the Company, the Certificate Registrar
or the Owner Trustee accountable by reason of the disclosure of its name and
address, regardless of the source from which such information was derived.
SECTION 3.8 Maintenance of Office or Agency. The Owner Trustee
-------------------------------
shall maintain an office or offices or agency or agencies where Residual
Interest Certificates may be surrendered for registration of transfer or
exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Owner Trustee in respect
of the Residual Interest Certificates and the Basic Documents may be served.
The Owner Trustee initially designates the Administrator's office in [_________]
as its principal corporate trust office for such purposes. The Owner Trustee
shall give prompt written notice to the Company and to the Certificateholders of
any change in the location of the Certificate Register or any such office or
agency.
SECTION 3.9 Appointment of Paying Agent. The Owner Trustee hereby
---------------------------
appoints the Indenture Trustee as Paying Agent under this Agreement. The Owner
Trustee hereby appoints the Paying Agent to establish and maintain the
Certificate Distribution
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<PAGE>
Account. The Paying Agent shall make distributions to Residual Interestholders
from the Certificate Distribution Account pursuant to Section 5.2 hereof and
-----------
Section 5.02 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement and shall report the amounts of
- ------------
such distributions to the Owner Trustee. The Paying Agent shall have the
revocable power to withdraw funds from the Certificate Distribution Account for
the purpose of making the distributions referred to above. In the event that the
Indenture Trustee shall no longer be the Paying Agent hereunder, the Owner
Trustee shall appoint a successor to act as Paying Agent (which shall be a bank
or trust company). The Owner Trustee shall cause such successor Paying Agent or
any additional Paying Agent appointed by the Owner Trustee to execute and
deliver to the Owner Trustee an instrument in which such successor Paying Agent
or additional Paying Agent shall agree with the Owner Trustee that as Paying
Agent, such successor Paying Agent or additional Paying Agent will hold all
sums, if any, held by it for payment to the Owners in trust for the benefit of
the Residual Interestholders entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to
such Owners. The Paying Agent shall return all unclaimed funds to the Owner
Trustee, and upon removal of a Paying Agent, such Paying Agent shall also return
all funds in its possession to the Owner Trustee. The provisions of Sections
--------
7.1, 7.3(b), 7.4 and 8.1 shall apply to the Indenture Trustee also in its role
- ------------------------
as Paying Agent, for so long as the Indenture Trustee shall act as Paying Agent
and, to the extent applicable, to any other paying agent appointed hereunder.
Any reference in this Agreement to the Paying Agent shall include any co-paying
agent unless the context requires otherwise. Notwithstanding anything herein to
the contrary, the Paying Agent shall be the same entity as the Indenture Trustee
under the Indenture and the Sale and Servicing Agreement. If the Paying Agent
ceases to be the same entity as the Indenture Trustee under the Indenture and
the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Paying Agent shall resign and the Owner
Trustee shall assume the duties and obligations of the Paying Agent hereunder
and under the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
SECTION 3.10 Restrictions on Transfer of Residual Interest
---------------------------------------------
Certificates.
- ------------
(a) Each prospective purchaser and any subsequent transferee of a
Residual Interest Certificate (each, a "Prospective Owner"), other than the
-----------------
Company, shall represent and warrant, in writing, to the Owner Trustee and
the Certificate Registrar and any of their respective successors that:
(i) Such Person is (A) a "qualified institutional buyer" as
defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
"Securities Act"), and is aware that the seller of the Residual
--------------
Interest Certificate may be relying on the exemption from the
registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Rule 144A
and is acquiring such Residual Interest Certificate for its own
account or for the account of one or more qualified institutional
buyers for whom it is authorized to act, or (B) an institutional
"accredited investor" within the meaning of subparagraph (a)(1), (2),
(3) or (7) of Rule 501 under the Securities Act (an "Institutional
-------------
Accredited Investor") that is acquiring the Offered Notes for its own
-------------------
account, or for the account of such an Institutional Accredited
Investor, for investment purposes and not with a view to, or for offer
or sale in connection with any distribution in violation of the
Security Act.
-12-
<PAGE>
(ii) Such Person understands that the Residual Interest
Certificate have not been and will not be registered under the
Securities Act and may be offered, sold or otherwise transferred only
to a person whom the seller reasonably believes is (A) a qualified
institutional buyer or (B) an Institutional Accredited Investor, and
in accordance with any applicable securities laws of any state of the
United States.
(iii) Such Person understands that the Residual Interest
Certificates bear a legend to the following effect:
"THE RESIDUAL INTEREST IN THE TRUST REPRESENTED BY THIS
RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATE HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE
REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE
"ACT"), OR ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS RESIDUAL INTEREST
---
CERTIFICATE MAY BE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY OFFERED OR SOLD OR
OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF BY THE HOLDER HEREOF ONLY TO (I) A
"QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER" AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A
UNDER THE ACT, IN A TRANSACTION THAT IS REGISTERED UNDER THE
ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR THAT IS EXEMPT
FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT PURSUANT TO
RULE 144A OR (II) AN INSTITUTIONAL "ACCREDITED INVESTOR"
WITHIN THE MEANING OF SUBPARAGRAPH (A)(1), (2), (3) OR (7)
OF RULE 501 UNDER THE ACT (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
[_________]) IN A TRANSACTION THAT IS REGISTERED UNDER THE
ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR THAT IS EXEMPT
FROM THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT AND SUCH LAWS.
NO PERSON IS OBLIGATED TO REGISTER THIS RESIDUAL INTEREST
CERTIFICATE UNDER THE ACT OR ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS."
(iv) Such Person shall comply with the provisions of Section
-------
3.10(b), as applicable, relating to the ERISA restrictions with
-------
respect to the acceptance or acquisition of such Residual Interest
Certificate.
(b) Each Prospective Owner, other than the Company, shall either:
(i) represent and warrant, in writing, to the Owner Trustee and
the Certificate Registrar and any of their respective successors that
the Prospective Owner is not (A) an "employee benefit plan" within the
meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA, or (B) a "plan" within the meaning
of Section 4975(e)(1) of the Code
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<PAGE>
or (C) an entity, including an insurance company separate account or
general account, whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason
of a plan's investment in the entity (each, a "Benefit Plan Investor")
---------------------
and is not directly or indirectly purchasing such Residual Interest
Certificate on behalf of, as investment manager of, as named fiduciary
of, as trustee of, or with the assets of a Benefit Plan Investor; or
(ii) furnish to the Owner Trustee and the Certificate Registrar
and any of their respective successors an opinion of counsel
acceptable to such persons that (A) the proposed transfer of the
Residual Interest Certificate to such Prospective Owner will not cause
any assets of the Trust to be deemed "plan assets" within the meaning
of United States Department of Labor Regulation Section 2510.3-101, or
(B) the proposed transfer of the Residual Interest Certificate will
not give rise to a transaction described in Section 406 of ERISA or
Section 4975(c)(1) of the Code for which a statutory or administrative
exemption is unavailable.
(c) The Residual Interest Certificates shall bear an additional legend
referring to the foregoing restrictions contained in paragraph (b) above.
ARTICLE IV
ACTIONS BY OWNER TRUSTEE
SECTION 4.1 Prior Notice to Owners with Respect to Certain Matters;
-------------------------------------------------------
Covenants. (a) With respect to the following matters, the Owner Trustee
- ---------
shall not take action, and the Owners shall not direct the Owner Trustee to take
any action, unless at least 30 days before the taking of such action, the Owner
Trustee shall have notified the Owners in writing of the proposed action and the
Owners shall not have notified the Owner Trustee in writing prior to the 30th
day after such notice is given that such Owners have withheld consent or the
Owners have provided alternative direction:
(i) the initiation of any claim or lawsuit by the Trust (except
claims or lawsuits brought in connection with the collection of the
Home Loans) and the compromise of any action, claim or lawsuit brought
by or against the Trust (except with respect to the aforementioned
claims or lawsuits for collection of the Home Loans);
(ii) the election by the Trust to file an amendment to the
Certificate of Trust (unless such amendment is required to be filed
under the Business Trust Statute);
(iii) the amendment or other change to this Agreement or any Basic
Document in circumstances where the consent of any Noteholder is
required;
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<PAGE>
(iv) the amendment or other change to this Agreement or any Basic
Document in circumstances where the consent of any Noteholder is not
required and such amendment materially adversely affects the interest
of the Owners;
(v) the appointment pursuant to the Indenture of a successor Note
Registrar, Paying Agent or Indenture Trustee or pursuant to this
Agreement of a successor Certificate Registrar, or the consent to the
assignment by the Note Registrar, Paying Agent or Indenture Trustee or
Certificate Registrar of its obligations under the Indenture or this
Agreement, as applicable;
(vi) the consent to the calling or waiver of any default of any
Basic Document;
(vii) the consent to the assignment by the Indenture Trustee or
Servicer of their respective obligations under any Basic Document;
(viii) except as provided in Article IX hereof, dissolve, terminate or
liquidate the Trust in whole or in part;
(ix) merge or consolidate the Trust with or into any other entity,
or convey or transfer all or substantially all of the Trust's assets
to any other entity;
(x) cause the Trust to incur, assume or guaranty any indebtedness
other than as set forth in this Agreement;
(xi) do any act that conflicts with any other Basic Document;
(xii) do any act which would make it impossible to carry on the
ordinary business of the Trust;
(xiii) confess a judgment against the Trust;
(xiv) possess Trust assets, or assign the Trust's right to property,
for other than a Trust purpose;
(xv) cause the Trust to lend any funds to any entity; or
(xvi) change the Trust's purpose and powers from those set forth in
this Owner Trust Agreement.
(b) The Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust agrees to abide by the
following restrictions:
(i) Other than as contemplated by the Basic Documents and
related documentation, the Trust shall not incur any indebtedness.
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<PAGE>
(ii) Other than as contemplated by the Basic Documents and
related documentation, the Trust shall not engage in any dissolution,
liquidation, consolidation, merger or sale of assets.
(iii) The Trust shall not engage in any business activity in
which it is not currently engaged other than as contemplated by the
Basic Documents and related documentation.
(iv) The Trust shall not form, or cause to be formed, any
subsidiaries and shall not own or acquire any asset other than as
contemplated by the Basic Documents and related documentation.
(v) Other than as contemplated by the Basic Documents and
related documentation, the Trust shall not follow the directions or
instructions of the Company.
(c) The Owner Trustee on behalf of the Trust shall:
(i) Maintain books and records separate from any other
person or entity.
(ii) Maintain its bank accounts separate from any other
person or entity.
(iii) Not commingle its assets with those of any other person
or entity.
(iv) Conduct its own business in its own name.
(v) Other than as contemplated by the Basic Documents and
related documentation, pay its own liabilities and expenses only out
of its own funds.
(vi) Observe all formalities required under the Business
Trust Statute.
(vii) Enter into transactions with Affiliates or the Company
only if each such transaction is intrinsically fair, commercially
reasonable, and on the same terms as would be available in an arm's
length transaction with a person or entity that is not an Affiliate.
(viii) Not guarantee or become obligated for the debts of any
other entity or person.
(ix) Not hold out its credit as being available to satisfy
the obligation of any other person or entity.
(x) Not acquire the obligations or securities of its
Affiliates or the Company.
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<PAGE>
(xi) Other than as contemplated by the Basic Documents and
related documentation, not make loans to any other person or entity or
buy or hold evidence of indebtedness issued by any other person or
entity.
(xii) Other than as contemplated by the Basic Documents and
related documentation, not pledge its assets for the benefit of any
other person or entity.
(xiii) Hold itself out as a separate entity from the Company
and not conduct any business in the name of the Company.
(xiv) Correct any known misunderstanding regarding its
separate identity.
(xv) Not identify itself as a division of any other person or
entity.
So long as the Notes or any other amounts owed under the Indenture
remain outstanding, the Trust shall not amend this Section 4.1 without the prior
written consent of 100% of the Voting Interests of the Notes and the consent of
each Rating Agency, in addition to the requirements under Section 11.1.
(d) The Owner Trustee shall not have the power, except upon the
direction of the Owners and, subject to Section 11.16 of the Indenture, 100% of
the Noteholders, and to the extent otherwise consistent with the Basic
Documents, to (i) remove or replace the Servicer, the Indenture Trustee or the
Grantor Trustee, (ii) institute proceedings to have the Trust declared or
adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, (iii) consent to the institution of
bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings against the Trust, (iv) file a petition or
consent to a petition seeking reorganization or relief on behalf of the Trust
under any applicable federal or state law relating to bankruptcy, (v) consent to
the appointment of a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, sequestrator (or
any similar official) of the Trust or a substantial portion of the property of
the Trust, (vi) make any assignment for the benefit of the Trust's creditors,
(vii) cause the Trust to admit in writing its inability to pay its debts
generally as they become due, (viii) take any action, or cause the Trust to take
any action, in furtherance of any of the foregoing (any of the above, a
"Bankruptcy Action"). So long as the Indenture remains in effect, no
-----------------
Certificateholder shall have the power to take, and shall not take, any
Bankruptcy Action with respect to the Trust or the Company or direct the Owner
Trustee to take any Bankruptcy Action with respect to the Trust or the Company.
SECTION 4.2 Action by Owners with Respect to Certain Matters. The
------------------------------------------------
Owner Trustee shall not have the power, except upon the direction of the Owners,
to (a) remove the Administrator under the Administration Agreement pursuant to
Section 8 thereof, (b) appoint a successor Administrator pursuant to Section 8
of the Administration Agreement, (c) remove the Servicer under the Sale and
Servicing Agreement pursuant to Section 10.01 thereof or (d) sell the Grantor
Trust Certificate after the termination of the Indenture. The Owner Trustee
shall take the actions referred to in the preceding sentence only upon written
instructions signed by the Owners.
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SECTION 4.3 Action by Owners with Respect to Bankruptcy. The Owner
-------------------------------------------
Trustee shall not have the power to commence a voluntary Bankruptcy Action
relating to the Trust unless the conditions specified in Section 4.1 (d) are
satisfied.
SECTION 4.4 Restrictions on Owners' Power. The Owners shall not
-----------------------------
direct the Owner Trustee to take or refrain from taking any action if such
action or inaction would be contrary to any obligation of the Trust or the Owner
Trustee under this Agreement or any of the Basic Documents or would be contrary
to Section 2.3 nor shall the Owner Trustee be obligated to follow any such
-----------
direction, if given.
SECTION 4.5 Majority Control. Except as expressly provided herein,
----------------
any action that may be taken by the Owners under this Agreement may be taken by
the Majority Residual Interestholders. Except as expressly provided herein, any
written notice of the Owners delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be
effective if signed by the Majority Residual Interestholders at the time of the
delivery of such notice.
ARTICLE V
APPLICATION OF TRUST FUNDS; CERTAIN DUTIES
SECTION 5.1 Establishment of Trust Account. The Owner Trustee
------------------------------
shall cause the Servicer, for the benefit of the Owners, to establish and
maintain with [_______________________] for the benefit of the Owner Trustee one
or more Eligible Accounts which, so long as the Indenture Trustee holds such
Trust Account on behalf of the Owner Trustee, shall be entitled "Certificate
Distribution Account, [_________], on behalf of the Owner Trustee, in trust for
the [_________] Home Loan Asset Backed Securities, Series 199[_]-[_]". Funds
shall be deposited in the Certificate Distribution Account as required by the
Sale and Servicing Agreement.
All of the right, title and interest of the Owner Trustee and the
Paying Agent in all funds on deposit from time to time in the Certificate
Distribution Account and in all proceeds thereof shall be held for the benefit
of the Owners and such other persons entitled to distributions therefrom.
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein or in the Sale and Servicing
Agreement, the Certificate Distribution Account shall be under the sole dominion
and control of the Owner Trustee or Paying Agent for the benefit of the Owners
and the Servicer.
In addition to the foregoing, the Certificate Distribution Account is
a Trust Account under the Sale and Servicing Agreement and constitutes part of
the Owner Trust Estate pledged by the Trust to the Indenture Trustee under the
Indenture. The Certificate Distribution Account shall be subject to and
established and maintained in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
Sale and Servicing Agreement and the Indenture, including, without limitation,
the provisions of Section 5.02(c) of the Sale and Servicing Agreement regarding
distributions from the Certificate Distribution Account.
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The Company agrees to direct and shall have the sole authority to
direct the Owner Trustee or Indenture Trustee or their successor in interest, as
to the Permitted Investments in which the funds on deposit in the Trust Accounts
(as such term is defined in the Sale and Servicing Agreement) may be invested.
SECTION 5.2 Application Of Trust Funds.
--------------------------
(a) On each Payment Date, the Owner Trustee or Indenture Trustee, on
behalf of the Owner Trustee, shall direct the Paying Agent to distribute to the
Servicer and the Residual Interestholders from amounts on deposit in the
Certificate Distribution Account the distributions as provided in Section
5.02(b) of the Sale and Servicing Agreement with respect to such Payment Date.
(b) On each Payment Date, the Owner Trustee shall cause the Paying
Agent to send to DTC and each Residual Interestholder the statement provided to
the Owner Trustee by the Servicer pursuant to Section 6.01 of the Sale and
Servicing Agreement with respect to such Payment Date.
(c) In the event that any withholding tax is imposed on the Trust's
payment (or allocations of income) to an Owner, such tax shall reduce the amount
otherwise distributable to the Owner in accordance with this Section. The Owner
Trustee is hereby authorized and directed to retain from amounts otherwise
distributable to the Owners sufficient funds for the payment of any tax that is
legally owed by the Trust (but such authorization shall not prevent the Owner
Trustee from contesting any such tax in appropriate proceedings, and withholding
payment of such tax, if permitted by law, pending the outcome of such
proceedings). The amount of any withholding tax imposed with respect to an
Owner shall be treated as cash distributed to such Owner at the time it is
withheld by the Trust and remitted to the appropriate taxing authority. In the
event of any claimed overwithholding, Owners shall have no claim for recovery
against the Trust or other Owners. If the amount withheld was not withheld from
actual distributions, the Trust may, at its option, (i) require the Owner to
reimburse the Trust for such withholding (and each Owner agrees to reimburse the
Trust promptly following such request) or (ii) reduce any subsequent
distributions by the amount of such withholding. If the Owner Trustee
determines that a withholding tax is payable with respect to a distribution
(such as a distribution to an Owner (or any other beneficial owner of the Owner
Trust) that is not a U.S. Person and that has not established an applicable
exemption from withholding (such as an effective Form W-8, Form 1001 or Form
4224), the Owner Trustee shall in its sole discretion withhold such amounts as
it determines are required to be withheld in accordance with this paragraph (c).
In the event that an Owner wishes to apply for a refund of any such withholding
tax, the Owner Trustee shall reasonably cooperate with such owner in making such
claim so long as such Owner agrees to reimburse the Owner Trustee for any out-
of-pocket expenses incurred.
SECTION 5.3 Method of Payment. Subject to Section 3.10,
----------------- ------------
distributions required to be made to Owners on any Payment Date shall be made to
each Owner of record on the preceding Record Date either by wire transfer, in
immediately available funds, to the
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account of such Holder at a bank or other entity having appropriate facilities
therefor, if such Owner shall have provided to the Certificate Registrar
appropriate written instructions at least five Business Days prior to such
Payment Date; or, if not, by check mailed to such Owner at the address of such
holder appearing in the Certificate Register.
SECTION 5.4 Segregation of Moneys; No Interest. Subject to Sections
--------
4.1 and 5.2, moneys received by the Owner Trustee hereunder and deposited into
- -----------
the Certificate Distribution Account will be segregated except to the extent
required otherwise by law or the Sale and Servicing Agreement and shall be
invested in Permitted Investments at the direction of the Company. The Owner
Trustee shall not be liable for payment of any interest in respect of such
moneys.
SECTION 5.5 Accounting and Reports to the Certificateholder, Owners,
--------------------------------------------------------
the Internal Revenue Service and Others. The Owner Trustee shall deliver to
- ---------------------------------------
each Owner, as may be required by the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations,
or as may be requested by such Owner, such information, reports or statements as
may be necessary to enable each Owner to prepare its federal and state income
tax returns. Consistent with the Trust's characterization for tax purposes as a
security arrangement for the issuance of non-recourse debt so long as the
Company or any other Person is the sole Owner, no federal income tax return
shall be filed on behalf of the Trust unless either (i) the Owner Trustee shall
receive an Opinion of Counsel that, based on a change in applicable law
occurring after the date hereof, or as a result of a transfer by the Company
permitted by Section 3.4, the Code requires such a filing or (ii) the Internal
-----------
Revenue Service shall determine that the Trust is required to file such a
return. In the event that there shall be two or more beneficial owners of the
Trust, the Owner Trustee shall inform the Indenture Trustee in writing of such
event, (x) the Owner Trustee shall prepare or shall cause to be prepared federal
and, if applicable, state or local partnership tax returns required to be filed
by the Trust and shall remit such returns to the Company (or if the Company no
longer owns any Residual Interest Certificates, the Owner designated for such
purpose by the Company to the Owner Trustee in writing) at least (5) days before
such returns are due to be filed, and (y) capital accounts shall be maintained
for each Owner (or beneficial owner) in accordance with the Treasury Regulations
under Section 704(b) of the Code reflecting each such Owner's (or beneficial
owner's) share of the income, gains, deductions, and losses of the Trust and/or
guaranteed payments made by the Trust and contributions to, and distributions
from, the Trust. The Company (or such designee Owner, as applicable) shall
promptly sign such returns and deliver such returns after signature to the Owner
Trustee and such returns shall be filed by the Owner Trustee with the
appropriate tax authorities. In the event that a "tax matters partner" (within
the meaning of Code Section 6231(a)(7) is required to be appointed with respect
to the Trust, the Company is hereby designated as tax matters partner or, if the
Company is not an Owner, the Owner selected by a majority of the Owners (by
Percentage Interest) shall be designated as tax matters partner. In no event
shall the Owner Trustee or the Company (or such designee Owner, as applicable)
be liable for any liabilities, costs or expenses of the Trust or the Noteholders
arising out of the application of any tax law, including federal, state, foreign
or local income or excise taxes or any other tax imposed on or measured by
income (or any interest, penalty or addition with respect thereto or arising
from a failure to comply therewith) except for any such liability, cost or
expense attributable to any
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act or omission by the Owner Trustee or the Company (or such designee Owner, as
applicable), as the case may be, in breach of its obligations under this
Agreement.
ARTICLE VI
AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OWNER TRUSTEE
SECTION 6.1 General Authority. The Owner Trustee is authorized and
-----------------
directed to execute and deliver or cause to be executed and delivered the Notes,
the Residual Interest Certificates and the Basic Documents to which the Trust is
to be a party and each certificate or other document attached as an exhibit to
or contemplated by the Basic Documents to which the Trust is to be a party and
any amendment or other agreement or instrument described in Article III, in each
case, in such form as the Company shall approve, as evidenced conclusively by
the Owner Trustee's execution thereof, and, on behalf of the Trust, to direct
the Indenture Trustee to authenticate and deliver Classes of Securities in the
following aggregate principal amounts or notional amounts, as applicable:
[_____________________________________________________]. The Administrator on
behalf of the Owner Trustee shall authenticate and deliver the Residual Interest
Certificates. In addition to the foregoing, the Owner Trustee is authorized,
but shall not be obligated, to take all actions required of the Trust, pursuant
to the Basic Documents.
SECTION 6.2 General Duties. It shall be the duty of the Owner
--------------
Trustee:
(a) to discharge (or cause to be discharged) all of its
responsibilities pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and the Basic Documents
to which the Trust is a party and to administer the Trust in the interest of the
Owners, subject to the Basic Documents and in accordance with the provisions of
this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Owner Trustee shall be deemed
to have discharged its duties and responsibilities hereunder and under the Basic
Documents to the extent the Administrator or the Indenture Trustee has agreed in
the Administration Agreement or this Agreement, respectively, to perform any act
or to discharge any duty of the Owner Trustee or the Trust hereunder or under
any Basic Document, and the Owner Trustee shall not be held liable for the
default or failure of the Administrator or the Indenture Trustee to carry out
its obligations under the Administration Agreement or this Agreement,
respectively; and
(b) to obtain and preserve, the Issuer's qualification to do business
in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is or shall be necessary to
protect the validity and enforceability of the Indenture, the Notes, the
Collateral and each other instrument and agreement included in the Owner Trust
Estate.
SECTION 6.3 Action upon Instruction.
-----------------------
(a) Subject to Article IV and in accordance with the terms of the
Basic Documents, the Owners may by written instruction direct the Owner Trustee
in the management of the Trust but only to the extent consistent with the
limited purpose of the
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Trust. Such direction may be exercised at any time by written instruction of the
Owners pursuant to Article IV.
(b) The Owner Trustee shall not be required to take any action
hereunder or under any Basic Document if the Owner Trustee shall have reasonably
determined, or shall have been advised by counsel, that such action is likely to
result in liability on the part of the Owner Trustee or is contrary to the terms
hereof or of any Basic Document or is otherwise contrary to law.
(c) Whenever the Owner Trustee is unable to decide between
alternative courses of action permitted or required by the terms of this
Agreement or under any Basic Document, the Owner Trustee shall promptly give
notice (in such form as shall be appropriate under the circumstances) to the
Owners requesting instruction from the Owners as to the course of action to be
adopted, and to the extent the Owner Trustee acts in good faith in accordance
with any written instruction of the Owners received, the Owner Trustee shall not
be liable on account of such action to any Person. If the Owner Trustee shall
not have received appropriate instruction within 10 days of such notice (or
within such shorter period of time as reasonably may be specified in such notice
or may be necessary under the circumstances) it may, but shall be under no duty
to, take or refrain from taking such action, not inconsistent with this
Agreement or the Basic Documents, as it shall deem to be in the best interests
of the Owners, and shall have no liability to any Person for such action or
inaction.
(d) In the event that the Owner Trustee is unsure as to the
application of any provision of this Agreement or any Basic Document or any such
provision is ambiguous as to its application, or is, or appears to be, in
conflict with any other applicable provision, or in the event that this
Agreement permits any determination by the Owner Trustee or is silent or is
incomplete as to the course of action that the Owner Trustee is required to take
with respect to a particular set of facts, the Owner Trustee may give notice (in
such form as shall be appropriate under the circumstances) to the Owners
requesting instruction and, to the extent that the Owner Trustee acts or
refrains from acting in good faith in accordance with any such instruction
received, the Owner Trustee shall not be liable, on account of such action or
inaction, to any Person. If the Owner Trustee shall not have received
appropriate instruction within 10 days of such notice (or within such shorter
period of time as reasonably may be specified in such notice or may be necessary
under the circumstances) it may, but shall be under no duty to, take or refrain
from taking such action, not inconsistent with this Agreement or the Basic
Documents, as it shall deem to be in the best interests of the Owners, and shall
have no liability to any Person for such action or inaction.
SECTION 6.4 No Duties Except as Specified in this Agreement, the
----------------------------------------------------
Basic Documents or in Instructions. The Owner Trustee shall not have any duty
- ----------------------------------
or obligation to manage, make any payment with respect to, register, record,
sell, dispose of, or otherwise deal with the Owner Trust Estate, or to otherwise
take or refrain from taking any action under, or in connection with, any
document contemplated hereby to which the Owner Trustee is a party, except as
expressly provided by the terms of this Agreement, any Basic Document or in any
document or written instruction received by the Owner Trustee pursuant to
Section 6.3; and no
- -----------
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<PAGE>
implied duties or obligations shall be read into this Agreement or any Basic
Document against the Owner Trustee. The Owner Trustee shall have no
responsibility for filing any financing or continuation statement in any public
office at any time or to otherwise perfect or maintain the perfection of any
security interest or lien granted to it hereunder or to prepare or file any
Securities and Exchange Commission filing for the Trust or to record this
Agreement or any Basic Document. The Owner Trustee nevertheless agrees that it
will, at its own cost and expense, promptly take all action as may be necessary
to discharge any liens on any part of the Owner Trust Estate that result from
actions by, or claims against, the Owner Trustee that are not related to the
ownership or the administration of the Owner Trust Estate.
SECTION 6.5 No Action Except Under Specified Documents or
---------------------------------------------
Instructions. The Owner Trustee shall not manage, control, use, sell, dispose
- ------------
of or otherwise deal with any part of the Owner Trust Estate except (i) in
accordance with the powers granted to and the authority conferred upon the Owner
Trustee pursuant to this Agreement, (ii) in accordance with the Basic Documents
and (iii) in accordance with any document or instruction delivered to the Owner
Trustee pursuant to Section 6.3.
-----------
SECTION 6.6 Restrictions. The Owner Trustee shall not take any
------------
action (a) that is inconsistent with the purposes of the Trust set forth in
Section 2.3 or (b) that, to the actual knowledge of the Owner Trustee, would
- -----------
result in the Trust's becoming taxable as a corporation for Federal income tax
purposes. The Owners shall not direct the Owner Trustee to take action that
would violate the provisions of this Section.
ARTICLE VII
CONCERNING THE OWNER TRUSTEE
SECTION 7.1 Acceptance of Trusts and Duties. The Owner Trustee
-------------------------------
accepts the trusts hereby created and agrees to perform its duties hereunder
with respect to such trusts but only upon the terms of this Agreement and the
Basic Documents. The Owner Trustee also agrees to disburse all moneys actually
received by it constituting part of the Owner Trust Estate upon the terms of the
Basic Documents and this Agreement. The Owner Trustee shall not be answerable
or accountable hereunder or under any Basic Document under any circumstances,
except (i) for its own willful misconduct or gross negligence or (ii) in the
case of the inaccuracy of any representation or warranty contained in Section
-------
7.3 expressly made by the Owner Trustee. In particular, but not by way of
- ---
limitation (and subject to the exceptions set forth in the preceding sentence):
(a) the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment
made by a responsible officer of the Owner Trustee;
(b) the Owner Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action
taken or omitted to be taken by it in accordance with the instructions of the
Administrator or the Owners;
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<PAGE>
(c) no provision of this Agreement or any Basic Document shall
require the Owner Trustee to expend or risk funds or otherwise incur any
financial liability in the performance of any of its rights or powers hereunder
or under any Basic Document if the Owner Trustee shall have reasonable grounds
for believing that repayment of such funds or adequate indemnity against such
risk or liability is not reasonably assured or provided to it;
(d) under no circumstances shall the Owner Trustee be liable for
indebtedness evidenced by or arising under any of the Basic Documents, including
the principal of and interest on the Notes;
(e) the Owner Trustee shall not be responsible for or in respect of
the validity or sufficiency of this Agreement or for the due execution hereof by
the Depositor or the Company or for the form, character, genuineness,
sufficiency, value or validity of any of the Owner Trust Estate or for or in
respect of the validity or sufficiency of the Basic Documents, other than the
certificate of authentication on the Residual Interest Certificates, and the
Owner Trustee shall in no event assume or incur any liability, duty, or
obligation to any Noteholder or to any Owner, other than as expressly provided
for herein and in the Basic Documents;
(f) the Owner Trustee shall not be liable for the default or
misconduct of the Administrator, the Depositor, the Company, the Indenture
Trustee, the Grantor Trustee or the Servicer under any of the Basic Documents or
otherwise and the Owner Trustee shall have no obligation or liability to perform
the obligations of the Trust under this Agreement or the Basic Documents that
are required to be performed by the Administrator under the Administration
Agreement, the Indenture Trustee under the Indenture, the Grantor Trustee under
the Grantor Trust Agreement or the Servicer under the Sale and Servicing
Agreement; and
(g) the Owner Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of
the rights or powers vested in it by this Agreement, or to institute, conduct or
defend any litigation under this Agreement or otherwise or in relation to this
Agreement or any Basic Document, at the request, order or direction of any of
the Owners, unless such Owners have offered to the Owner Trustee security or
indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities that
may be incurred by the Owner Trustee therein or thereby. The right of the Owner
Trustee to perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Agreement or in any
Basic Document shall not be construed as a duty, and the Owner Trustee shall not
be answerable for other than its gross negligence or willful misconduct in the
performance of any such act provided, that the Owner Trustee shall be liable for
its negligence or willful misconduct in the event that it assumes the duties and
obligations of the Indenture Trustee under the Sale and Servicing Agreement
pursuant to Section 10.5.
------------
SECTION 7.2 Furnishing of Documents. The Owner Trustee shall furnish
-----------------------
(a) to the Owners promptly upon receipt of a written request therefor,
duplicates or copies of all reports, notices, requests, demands, certificates,
financial statements and any other instruments furnished to the Owner Trustee
under the Basic Documents and (b) to Noteholders promptly
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<PAGE>
upon written request therefor, copies of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the
Administration Agreement and the Owner Trust Agreement.
SECTION 7.3 Representations and Warranties.
------------------------------
(a) The Owner Trustee hereby represents and warrants to the Depositor
and the Company, for the benefit of the Owners, that:
(i) It is a banking corporation duly organized and validly
existing in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. It has
all requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform
its obligations under this Agreement.
(ii) It has taken all corporate action necessary to authorize
the execution and delivery by it of this Agreement, and this Agreement will
be executed and delivered by one of its officers who is duly authorized to
execute and deliver this Agreement on its behalf.
(iii) Neither the execution nor the delivery by it of this
Agreement nor the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby nor compliance by it with any of the terms or provisions hereof will
contravene any Federal or Delaware law, governmental rule or regulation
governing the banking or trust powers of the Owner Trustee or any judgment
or order binding on it, or constitute any default under its charter
documents or by-laws or any indenture, mortgage, contract, agreement or
instrument to which it is a party or by which any of its properties may be
bound.
(b) The Paying Agent hereby represents and warrants to the Depositor
and the Company that:
(i) It is a banking corporation duly organized and validly
existing in good standing under the laws of the State of New York. It has
all requisite corporate power and authority to execute, deliver and perform
its obligations under this Agreement.
(ii) It has taken all corporate action necessary to authorize
the execution and delivery by it of this Agreement, and this Agreement will
be executed and delivered by one of its officers who is duly authorized to
execute and deliver this Agreement on its behalf.
(iii) Neither the execution nor the delivery by it of this
Agreement nor the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated
hereby nor compliance by it with any of the terms or provisions hereof will
contravene any Federal or New York law, governmental rule or regulation
governing the banking or trust powers of the Paying Agent or any judgment
or order binding on it, or constitute any default under its charter
documents or by-laws or any indenture, mortgage, contract, agreement or
instrument to which it is a party or by which any of its properties may be
bound.
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<PAGE>
SECTION 7.4 Reliance; Advice of Counsel.
---------------------------
(a) The Owner Trustee shall incur no liability to anyone in acting
upon any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order,
certificate, report, opinion, bond, or other document or paper believed by it to
be genuine and believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties. The
Owner Trustee may accept a certified copy of a resolution of the board of
directors or other governing body of any corporate party as conclusive evidence
that such resolution has been duly adopted by such body and that the same is in
full force and effect. As to any fact or matter the method of the determination
of which is not specifically prescribed herein, the Owner Trustee may for all
purposes hereof rely on a certificate, signed by the president or any vice
president or by the treasurer or other authorized officers of the relevant
party, as to such fact or matter and such certificate shall constitute full
protection to the Owner Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by
it in good faith in reliance thereon.
(b) In the exercise or administration of the trusts hereunder and in
the performance of its duties and obligations under this Agreement or the Basic
Documents, the Owner Trustee (i) may act directly or through its agents or
attorneys pursuant to agreements entered into with any of them, and the Owner
Trustee shall not be liable for the conduct or misconduct of such agents or
attorneys if such agents or attorneys shall have been selected by the Owner
Trustee with reasonable care, and (ii) may consult with counsel, accountants and
other skilled persons to be selected with reasonable care and employed by it.
The Owner Trustee shall not be liable for anything done, suffered or omitted in
good faith by it in accordance with the written opinion or advice of any such
counsel, accountants or other such persons and not contrary to this Agreement or
any Basic Document.
SECTION 7.5 Not Acting in Individual Capacity. Except as provided in
---------------------------------
this Article VII, in accepting the trusts hereby created [_____________________]
acts solely as Owner Trustee hereunder and not in its individual capacity and
all Persons having any claim against the Owner Trustee by reason of the
transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any Basic Document shall look
only to the Owner Trust Estate for payment or satisfaction thereof.
SECTION 7.6 Owner Trustee Not Liable for Residual Interest
----------------------------------------------
Certificates or Home Loans. The recitals contained herein and in the Residual
- --------------------------
Interest Certificates (other than the signature and countersignature of the
Owner Trustee on the Residual Interest Certificates) shall be taken as the
statements of the Depositor and the Company, and the Owner Trustee assumes no
responsibility for the correctness thereof. The Owner Trustee makes no
representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Agreement, of any
Basic Document or of the Residual Interest Certificates (other than the
signature and countersignature of the Owner Trustee on the Residual Interest
Certificates and as specified in Section 7.3) or the Notes, or of any Home Loans
or related documents. The Owner Trustee shall at no time have any
responsibility or liability for or with respect to the legality, validity and
enforceability of the Grantor Trust Certificate, any Home Loan, or the
perfection and priority of any security interest created by any Home Loan or the
maintenance of any such perfection and priority, or for or with respect to the
sufficiency of the Owner Trust Estate or its ability to generate the
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<PAGE>
payments to be distributed to Owners under this Agreement or the Noteholders
under the Indenture, including, without limitation: the existence, condition and
ownership of any Mortgaged Property; the existence and enforceability of any
insurance thereon; the existence and contents of any Home Loan on any computer
or other record thereof; the validity of the assignment of the Grantor Trust
Certificate to the Trust or of any intervening assignment; the completeness of
any Home Loan; the performance or enforcement of any Home Loan; the compliance
by the Depositor, the Company or the Servicer with any warranty or
representation made under any Basic Document or in any related document or the
accuracy of any such warranty or representation or any action of the
Administrator, the Indenture Trustee or the Servicer or any subservicer taken in
the name of the Owner Trustee.
SECTION 7.7 Owner Trustee May Own Residual Interest Certificates and
--------------------------------------------------------
Notes. The Owner Trustee in its individual or any other capacity may become
- -----
the owner or pledgee of Residual Interest Certificates or Notes and may deal
with the Depositor, the Company, the Administrator, the Indenture Trustee and
the Servicer in banking transactions with the same rights as it would have if it
were not Owner Trustee.
SECTION 7.8 Licenses. The Owner Trustee shall cause the Trust to
--------
use its best efforts to obtain and maintain the effectiveness of any licenses
required in connection with this Agreement and the Basic Documents and the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby until such time as the Trust shall
terminate in accordance with the terms hereof.
ARTICLE VIII
COMPENSATION OF OWNER TRUSTEE AND PAYING AGENT
SECTION 8.1 Fees and Expenses. The Owner Trustee shall receive as
-----------------
compensation for its services hereunder such fees as have been separately agreed
upon before the date hereof between the Company and the Owner Trustee, and the
Owner Trustee shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the Company for its other
reasonable expenses hereunder, including the reasonable compensation, expenses
and disbursements of such agents, representatives, experts and counsel as the
Owner Trustee may employ in connection with the exercise and performance of its
rights and its duties hereunder. The Paying Agent shall receive as compensation
for its services hereunder such fees, if any, as have been separately agreed
upon before the date hereof between the Company and the Paying Agent.
SECTION 8.2 Indemnification. The Company shall be liable as primary
---------------
obligor, and the Servicer as secondary obligor pursuant to the Administration
Agreement, for, and shall indemnify the Owner Trustee, the Paying Agent and
their successors, assigns, agents and servants (collectively, the "Indemnified
-----------
Parties") from and against, any and all liabilities, obligations, losses,
- -------
damages, taxes, claims, actions and suits, and any and all reasonable costs,
expenses and disbursements (including reasonable legal fees and expenses) of any
kind and nature whatsoever (collectively, "Expenses") which may at any time be
--------
imposed on, incurred by, or asserted against the Owner Trustee or any
Indemnified Party in any way relating to or
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<PAGE>
arising out of this Agreement, the Basic Documents, the Owner Trust Estate, the
administration of the Owner Trust Estate or the action or inaction of the Owner
Trustee or the Paying Agent hereunder, except only that the Company shall not be
liable for or required to indemnify an Indemnified Party from and against
Expenses arising or resulting from any of the matters described in the
provisions of Section 9.01(d) of the Sale and Servicing Agreement, provided that
---------------
a standard of gross negligence shall apply to the Owner Trustee. The indemnities
contained in this Section shall survive the resignation or termination of the
Owner Trustee or the termination of this Agreement. In any event of any claim,
action or proceeding for which indemnity will be sought pursuant to this
Section, the Owner Trustee's or Paying Agent's choice of legal counsel shall be
subject to the approval of the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably
withheld.
SECTION 8.3 Payments to the Owner Trustee and Paying Agent. Any
----------------------------------------------
amounts paid to the Owner Trustee and/or Paying Agent pursuant to this Article
VIII shall be deemed not to be a part of the Owner Trust Estate immediately
after such payment.
ARTICLE IX
TERMINATION OF OWNER TRUST AGREEMENT
SECTION 9.1 Termination of Owner Trust Agreement.
------------------------------------
(a) This Agreement (other than Article VIII) and the Trust shall
terminate and be of no further force or effect on the earlier of: (i) the
satisfaction and discharge of the Indenture pursuant to Section 4.01 of the
Indenture and the termination of the Sale and Servicing Agreement; and (ii) the
expiration of 21 years from the death of the last survivor of the descendants of
Joseph P. Kennedy (the late ambassador of the United States to the Court of St.
James's) alive on the date hereof. The bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution,
death or incapacity of any Owner shall not (x) operate to terminate this
Agreement or the Trust, nor (y) entitle such Owner's legal representatives or
heirs to claim an accounting or to take any action or proceeding in any court
for a partition or winding up of all or any part of the Trust or Owner Trust
Estate nor (z) otherwise affect the rights, obligations and liabilities of the
parties hereto.
(b) The Residual Interest Certificates shall be subject to an early
redemption or termination at the option of the Company in the manner and subject
to the provisions of Section 11.02 of the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
(c) Except as provided in Sections 9.1(a) and (b) above, none of the
-----------------------
Depositor, the Company nor any Owner shall be entitled to revoke or terminate
the Trust.
(d) Notice of any termination of the Trust, specifying the Payment
Date upon which the Certificateholders shall surrender their Residual Interest
Certificates to the Paying Agent for payment of the final distributions and
cancellation, shall be given by the Owner Trustee to the Certificateholders and
the Rating Agencies mailed within five Business
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<PAGE>
Days of receipt by the Owner Trustee of notice of such termination pursuant to
Section 9.1(a) or (b) above, which notice given by the Owner Trustee shall state
- ------------- -
(i) the Payment Date upon or with respect to which final payment of the Residual
Interest Certificates shall be made upon presentation and surrender of the
Residual Interest Certificates at the office of the Paying Agent therein
designated, (ii) the amount of any such final payment and (iii) that the Record
Date otherwise applicable to such Payment Date is not applicable, payments being
made only upon presentation and surrender of the Residual Interest Certificates
at the office of the Paying Agent therein specified. The Owner Trustee shall
give such notice to the Certificate Registrar (if other than the Owner Trustee)
and the Paying Agent at the time such notice is given to Certificateholders.
Upon presentation and surrender of the Residual Interest Certificates, the
Paying Agent shall cause to be distributed to Certificateholders amounts
distributable on such Payment Date pursuant to Section 5.02 of the Sale and
Servicing Agreement.
In the event that all of the Certificateholders shall not surrender
their Residual Interest Certificates for cancellation within six months after
the date specified in the above mentioned written notice, the Owner Trustee
shall give a second written notice to the remaining Certificateholders to
surrender their Residual Interest Certificates for cancellation and receive the
final distribution with respect thereto. If within one year after the second
notice all the Residual Interest Certificates shall not have been surrendered
for cancellation, the Owner Trustee may take appropriate steps, or may appoint
an agent to take appropriate steps, to contact the remaining Certificateholders
concerning surrender of their Residual Interest Certificates, and the cost
thereof shall be paid out of the funds and other assets that shall remain
subject to this Agreement. Any funds remaining in the Trust after exhaustion of
such remedies shall be distributed by the Paying Agent to the Residual
Interestholders on a pro rata basis.
(e) Upon the winding up of the Trust and its termination, the Owner
Trustee shall cause the Certificate of Trust to be canceled by filing a
certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State in accordance with the
provisions of Section 3820 of the Business Trust Statute.
ARTICLE X
SUCCESSOR OWNER TRUSTEES AND ADDITIONAL OWNER TRUSTEES
SECTION 10.1 Eligibility Requirements for Owner Trustee. The Owner
------------------------------------------
Trustee shall at all times be a corporation satisfying the provisions of Section
3807(a) of the Business Trust Statute; authorized to exercise corporate powers
having a combined capital and surplus of at least $50,000,000 and subject to
supervision or examination by Federal or state authorities; and having (or
having a parent which has) a long-term rating of at least "A" by Fitch and DCR,
and "A2" by Moody's. If such corporation shall publish reports of condition at
least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid
supervising or examining authority, then for the purpose of this Section, the
combined capital and surplus of such corporation shall be deemed to be its
combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most
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<PAGE>
recent report of condition so published. In case at any time the Owner Trustee
shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section,
the Owner Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect
specified in Section 10.2.
SECTION 10.2 Resignation or Removal of Owner Trustee. The Owner
---------------------------------------
Trustee may at any time resign and be discharged from the trusts hereby created
by giving written notice thereof to the Company, Administrator and the Indenture
Trustee. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly
appoint a successor Owner Trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, one copy
of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Owner Trustee and one
copy to the successor Owner Trustee. If no successor Owner Trustee shall have
been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the giving
of such notice of resignation, the resigning Owner Trustee may petition any
court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Owner
Trustee.
If at any time the Owner Trustee shall cease to be eligible in
accordance with the provisions of Section 10.1 and shall fail to resign after
------------
written request therefor by the Company, or if at any time the Owner Trustee
shall be legally unable to act, or shall be adjudged bankrupt or insolvent, or a
receiver of the Owner Trustee or of its property shall be appointed, or any
public officer shall take charge or control of the Owner Trustee or of its
property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or
liquidation, then the Company may remove the Owner Trustee. If the Company
shall remove the Owner Trustee under the authority of the immediately preceding
sentence, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor Owner Trustee by
written instrument in duplicate, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered
to the outgoing Owner Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor Owner
Trustee and payment of all fees owed to the outgoing Owner Trustee.
Any resignation or removal of the Owner Trustee and appointment of a
successor Owner Trustee pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section shall
not become effective until acceptance of appointment by the successor Owner
Trustee pursuant to Section 10.3 and payment of all fees and expenses owed to
------------
the outgoing Owner Trustee. The Company shall provide notice of such
resignation or removal of the Owner Trustee to each of the Rating Agencies.
SECTION 10.3 Successor Owner Trustee. Any successor Owner Trustee
-----------------------
appointed pursuant to Section 10.2 shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the
Company and the Administrator and to its predecessor Owner Trustee an instrument
accepting such appointment under this Agreement, and thereupon the resignation
or removal of the predecessor Owner Trustee shall become effective and such
successor Owner Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall
become fully vested with all the rights, powers, duties, and obligations of its
predecessor under this Agreement, with like effect as if originally named as
Owner Trustee. The predecessor Owner Trustee shall upon payment of its fees and
expenses deliver to the successor Owner Trustee all documents and statements and
monies held by it under this Agreement; and the Company, Administrator and the
predecessor Owner Trustee shall execute and deliver such instruments and do such
other things as may reasonably
-30-
<PAGE>
be required for fully and certainly vesting and confirming in the successor
Owner Trustee all such rights, powers, duties, and obligations.
No successor Owner Trustee shall accept appointment as provided in
this Section unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Owner Trustee
shall be eligible pursuant to Section 10.1.
------------
Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor Owner Trustee pursuant
to this Section, the Company shall mail notice of the successor of such Owner
Trustee to all Owners, the Administrator, the Indenture Trustee, the Noteholders
and the Rating Agencies. If the Company fails to mail such notice within 10
days after acceptance of appointment by the successor Owner Trustee, the
successor Owner Trustee shall cause such notice to be mailed at the expense of
the Administrator.
SECTION 10.4 Merger or Consolidation of Owner Trustee. Any
----------------------------------------
corporation into which the Owner Trustee may be merged or converted or with
which it may be consolidated or any corporation resulting from any merger,
conversion or consolidation to which the Owner Trustee shall be a party, or any
corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust
business of the Owner Trustee, shall be the successor of the Owner Trustee
hereunder, provided such corporation shall be eligible pursuant to Section 10.1,
-------- ------------
without the execution or filing of any instrument or any further act on the part
of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding;
provided further that the Owner Trustee shall mail notice of such merger or
- -------- -------
consolidation to the Rating Agencies.
SECTION 10.5 Appointment of Co-Owner Trustee or Separate Owner
-------------------------------------------------
Trustee. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, at any time,
- -------
for the purpose of meeting any legal requirements of any jurisdiction in which
any part of the Owner Trust Estate or any Mortgaged Property may at the time be
located, and for the purpose of performing certain duties and obligations of the
Owner Trustee with respect to the Trust and the Residual Interest Certificates
under the Sale and Servicing Agreement, the Administrator and the Owner Trustee
acting jointly shall have the power and shall execute and deliver all
instruments to appoint one or more Persons approved by the Owner Trustee to act
as co-owner trustee, jointly with the Owner Trustee, or separate trustee or
separate trustees, of all or any part of the Owner Trust Estate, and to vest in
such Person, in such capacity, such title to the Trust, or any part thereof,
and, subject to the other provisions of this Section, such powers, duties,
obligations, rights and trusts as the Administrator and the Owner Trustee may
consider necessary or desirable. If the Administrator shall not have joined in
such appointment within 25 days after the receipt by it of a request so to do,
the Owner Trustee shall have the power to make such appointment. No co-owner
trustee or separate owner trustee under this Agreement shall be required to meet
the terms of eligibility as a successor trustee pursuant to Section 10.1 and no
------------
notice of the appointment of any co-trustee or separate owner trustee shall be
required pursuant to Section 10.1.
------------
Each separate owner trustee and co-owner trustee shall, to the extent
permitted by law, be appointed and act subject to the following provision and
conditions:
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<PAGE>
(i) all rights, powers, duties and obligations conferred or
imposed upon the Owner Trustee shall be conferred upon and exercised or
performed by the Owner Trustee and such separate owner trustee or co-owner
trustee jointly (it being understood that such separate owner trustee or
co-owner trustee is not authorized to act separately without the Owner
Trustee joining in such act), except to the extent that under any law of
any jurisdiction in which any particular act or acts are to be performed,
the Owner Trustee shall be incompetent or unqualified to perform such act
or acts, in which event such rights, powers, duties, and obligations
(including the holding of title to the Trust or any portion thereof in any
such jurisdiction) shall be exercised and performed singly by such separate
owner trustee or co-owner trustee, but solely at the direction of the Owner
Trustee; provided that Paying Agent, in performing its duties and
--------
obligations under the Sale and Servicing Agreement, may act separately in
its capacity as Indenture Trustee without the Owner Trustee joining in such
Acts;
(ii) no owner trustee under this Agreement shall be personally
liable by reason of any act or omission of any other owner trustee under
this Agreement; and
(iii) the Administrator and the Owner Trustee acting jointly may
at any time accept the resignation of or remove any separate owner trustee
or co-owner trustee.
Any notice, request or other writing given to the Owner Trustee shall
be deemed to have been given to the separate owner trustees and co-owner
trustees, as if given to each of them. Every instrument appointing any separate
owner trustee or co-owner trustee, other than this Agreement, shall refer to
this Agreement and to the conditions of this Article. Each separate owner
trustee and co-owner trustee, upon its acceptance of appointment, shall be
vested with the estates specified in its instrument of appointment, either
jointly with the Owner Trustee or separately, as may be provided therein,
subject to all the provisions of this Agreement, specifically including every
provision of this Agreement relating to the conduct of, affecting the liability
of, or affording protection to, the Owner Trustee. Each such instrument shall
be filed with the Owner Trustee and a copy thereof given to the Administrator.
Any separate owner trustee or co-owner trustee may at any time appoint
the Owner Trustee as its agent or attorney-in-fact with full power and
authority, to the extent not prohibited by law, to do any lawful act under or in
respect of this Agreement on its behalf and in its name. If any separate owner
trustee or co-owner trustee shall die, become incapable of acting, resign or be
removed, all of its estates, properties, rights, remedies and trusts shall vest
in and be exercised by the Owner Trustee, to the extent permitted by law,
without the appointment of a new or successor trustee.
The Indenture Trustee, in its capacity as Paying Agent, shall not have
any rights, duties or obligations except as expressly provided in this Agreement
and the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
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<PAGE>
ARTICLE XI
MISCELLANEOUS
SECTION 11.1 Supplements and Amendments. This Agreement may be
--------------------------
amended by the Depositor, the Company and the Owner Trustee, with prior written
notice to the Rating Agencies, but without the consent of any of the Noteholders
or the Owners or the Indenture Trustee, to cure any ambiguity, to correct or
supplement any provisions in this Agreement or for the purpose of adding any
provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions in
this Agreement or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Noteholders or
the Owners provided, however, that such action shall not adversely affect in any
-------- -------
material respect the interests of any Noteholder or Owner. An amendment
described above shall be deemed not to adversely affect in any material respect
the interests of any Noteholder or Owner if (i) an opinion of counsel is
obtained to such effect, and (ii) the party requesting the amendment satisfies
the Rating Agency Condition with respect to such amendment.
This Agreement may also be amended from time to time by the Depositor,
the Company and the Owner Trustee, with the prior written consent of the Rating
Agencies and with the prior written consent of the Indenture Trustee, the
Holders (as defined in the Indenture) of Notes evidencing more than 50% of the
Outstanding Amount of the Notes and the Majority Residual Interestholders, for
the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating
any of the provisions of this Agreement or of modifying in any manner the rights
of the Noteholders or the Owners; provided, however, that no such amendment
-------- -------
shall (a) increase or reduce in any manner the amount of, or accelerate or delay
the timing of, collections of payments on the Grantor Trust Certificate or
distributions that shall be required to be made for the benefit of the
Noteholders or the Certificateholders or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of
the Outstanding Amount of the Notes or the Percentage Interests required to
consent to any such amendment, in either case of clause (a) or (b) without the
consent of the holders of all the outstanding Notes, and in the case of clause
(b) without the consent of the holders of all the outstanding Residual Interest
Certificates.
Promptly after the execution of any such amendment or consent, the
Owner Trustee shall furnish written notification of the substance of such
amendment or consent to each Certificateholder, the Indenture Trustee, the
Grantor Trustee and each of the Rating Agencies.
It shall not be necessary for the consent of Owners, the Noteholders
or the Indenture Trustee pursuant to this Section to approve the particular form
of any proposed amendment or consent, but it shall be sufficient if such consent
shall approve the substance thereof. The manner of obtaining such consents (and
any other consents of Owners provided for in this Agreement or in any other
Basic Document) and of evidencing the authorization of the execution thereof by
Certificateholders shall be subject to such reasonable requirements as the Owner
Trustee may prescribe.
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<PAGE>
Promptly after the execution of any amendment to the Certificate of
Trust, the Owner Trustee shall cause the filing of such amendment with the
Secretary of State.
Prior to the execution of any amendment to this Agreement or the
Certificate of Trust, the Owner Trustee shall be entitled to receive and rely
upon an Opinion of Counsel stating that the execution of such amendment is
authorized or permitted by this Agreement. The Owner Trustee may, but shall not
be obligated to, enter into any such amendment which affects the Owner Trustee's
own rights, duties or immunities under this Agreement or otherwise.
SECTION 11.2 No Legal Title to Owner Trust Estate in Owners. The
----------------------------------------------
Owners shall not have legal title to any part of the Owner Trust Estate. The
Owners shall be entitled to receive distributions with respect to their
undivided ownership interest therein only in accordance with Articles V and IX.
No transfer, by operation of law or otherwise, of any right, title, or interest
of the Owners to and in their ownership interest in the Owner Trust Estate shall
operate to terminate this Agreement or the trusts hereunder or entitle any
transferee to an accounting or to the transfer to it of legal title to any part
of the Owner Trust Estate.
SECTION 11.3 Limitations on Rights of Others. The provisions of this
-------------------------------
Agreement are solely for the benefit of the Owner Trustee, the Depositor, the
Company, the Owners, the Administrator, the Paying Agent and, to the extent
expressly provided herein, the Indenture Trustee, the Grantor Trustee and the
Noteholders, and nothing in this Agreement, whether express or implied, shall be
construed to give to any other Person any legal or equitable right, remedy or
claim in the Owner Trust Estate or under or in respect of this Agreement or any
covenants, conditions or provisions contained herein.
SECTION 11.4 Notices. (a) Unless otherwise expressly specified or
-------
permitted by the terms hereof, all notices shall be in writing, mailed by
certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, and shall be deemed
given upon actual receipt by the intended recipient, at the following addresses:
(i) if to the Owner Trustee, its Corporate Trust Office; (ii) if to the
Depositor, Ace Securities Corp., [______________________], Attention:
[_________]; (iii) if to the Company, [_________], [_________], Attention:
[_________]; (iv) if to the Indenture Trustee, its Corporate Trust Office; (v)
if to the Paying Agent, [_________], [_________]; Attention: [________________]
or, as to each such party, at such other address as shall be designated by such
party in a written notice to each other party.
(b) Any notice required or permitted to be given to an Owner shall be
given by first-class mail, postage prepaid, at the address of such Owner as
shown in the Certificate Register. Any notice so mailed within the time
prescribed in this Agreement shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly
given, whether or not the Owner receives such notice.
SECTION 11.5 Severability. Any provision of this Agreement that is
------------
prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction,
be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without
invalidating the remaining provisions
-34-
<PAGE>
hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall
not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.
SECTION 11.6 Separate Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed
---------------------
by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed
and delivered shall be an original, but all such counterparts shall together
constitute but one and the same instrument.
SECTION 11.7 Successors and Assigns. All covenants and agreements
----------------------
contained herein shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the
Depositor, the Company, the Owner Trustee and its successors and each owner and
its successors and permitted assigns, all as herein provided. Any request,
notice, direction, consent, waiver or other instrument or action by an Owner
shall bind the successors and assigns of such Owner.
SECTION 11.8 No Petition. The Owner Trustee, by entering into this
-----------
Agreement, each Owner, by accepting a Residual Interest Certificate, and the
Indenture Trustee and each Noteholder by accepting the benefits of this
Agreement, hereby covenant and agree that they will not at any time institute
against the Company, the Depositor or the Trust, or join in any institution
against the Company or the Trust of, any bankruptcy, reorganization,
arrangement, insolvency or liquidation proceedings, or other proceedings under
any United States Federal or state bankruptcy or law in connection with any
obligations relating to the Residual Interest Certificates, the Notes, this
Agreement or any of the Basic Documents.
SECTION 11.9 No Recourse. (a) Each Owner by accepting a Residual
-----------
Interest Certificate acknowledges that such Residual Interest Certificate
represents a beneficial interest in the Trust only and does not represent an
interest in or an obligation of the Company, the Servicer, the Depositor, the
Administrator, the Owner Trustee, the Indenture Trustee or any Affiliate thereof
and no recourse may be had against such parties or their assets, except as may
be expressly set forth or contemplated in this Agreement, the Residual Interest
Certificates or the Basic Documents.
(b) The Depositor shall not be liable for the default or misconduct of
the Administrator, the Owner Trustee, the Indenture Trustee, the Paying Agent or
the Servicer under any of the Basic Documents or otherwise and the Depositor
shall have no obligation or liability to perform the obligations of the Trust
under this Agreement or the Basic Documents that are required to be performed by
the Administrator under the Administration Agreement, the Indenture Trustee
under the Indenture or the Servicer under the Sale and Servicing Agreement.
SECTION 11.10 Headings. The headings of the various Articles and
--------
Sections herein are for convenience of reference only and shall not define or
limit any of the terms or provisions hereof.
SECTION 11.11 GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN
-------------
ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ITS
CONFLICT OF LAW PROVISIONS, AND THE
-35-
<PAGE>
OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE DETERMINED IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS.
SECTION 11.12 Residual Interest Transfer Restrictions. The Residual
---------------------------------------
Interest may not be acquired by or for the account of a Benefit Plan Investor.
By accepting and holding a Residual Interest Certificate, the Owner thereof
shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that it is not a Benefit Plan
Investor.
-36-
<PAGE>
IN WITNESS OF, the parties hereto have caused this Owner Trust
Agreement to be duly executed by their respective officers hereunto duly
authorized, as of the day and year first above written.
ACE SECURITIES CORP.,
Depositor
By: ___________________________________
Name:
Title:
[_______________________],
Company
By: ___________________________________
Name:
Title:
[_______________________],
not in its individual capacity but
solely as Owner Trustee
By: ___________________________________
Name:
Title:
[_______________________],
not in its individual
capacity but solely as Paying Agent
By: ___________________________________
Name:
Title:
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT A
TO THE OWNER TRUST AGREEMENT
FORM OF RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATE
THE RESIDUAL INTEREST IN THE TRUST REPRESENTED BY THIS RESIDUAL INTEREST
CERTIFICATE HAS NOT BEEN AND WILL NOT BE REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933, AS AMENDED (THE "ACT"), OR ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS RESIDUAL
---
INTEREST CERTIFICATE MAY BE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY OFFERED OR SOLD OR OTHERWISE
DISPOSED OF BY THE HOLDER HEREOF ONLY TO (I) A "QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER"
AS DEFINED IN RULE 144A UNDER THE ACT, IN A TRANSACTION THAT IS REGISTERED UNDER
THE ACT AND APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR THAT IS EXEMPT FROM THE
REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT PURSUANT TO RULE 144A OR (II) AN
INSTITUTIONAL "ACCREDITED INVESTOR" WITHIN THE MEANING OF SUBPARAGRAPH (A)(1),
(2), (3) OR (7) OF RULE 501 UNDER THE ACT (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
[_______________________]) IN A TRANSACTION THAT IS REGISTERED UNDER THE ACT AND
APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS OR THAT IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION
REQUIREMENTS OF THE ACT AND SUCH LAWS. NO PERSON IS OBLIGATED TO REGISTER THIS
RESIDUAL INTEREST UNDER THE ACT OR ANY STATE SECURITIES LAWS.
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SECTION 3.10(B) OF THE OWNER TRUST AGREEMENT, NO TRANSFER
OF THIS RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATE OR ANY BENEFICIAL INTEREST HEREIN SHALL BE
MADE UNLESS THE OWNER TRUSTEE HAS RECEIVED A CERTIFICATE FROM THE TRANSFEREE TO
THE EFFECT THAT SUCH TRANSFEREE (I) IS NOT (A) AN "EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN" WITHIN
THE MEANING OF SECTION 3(3) OF THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF
1974, AS AMENDED, (B) A "PLAN" WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 4975(E)(1) OF THE
INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED, OR (C) AN ENTITY WHOSE UNDERLYING
ASSETS INCLUDE PLAN ASSETS BY REASON OF A PLAN'S INVESTMENT IN THE ENTITY (EACH,
A "BENEFIT PLAN INVESTOR"), AND (II) IS NOT DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY PURCHASING
SUCH RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATE ON BEHALF OF, AS INVESTMENT MANAGER OF, AS
NAMED FIDUCIARY OF, AS TRUSTEE OF, OR WITH THE ASSETS OF A BENEFIT PLAN
INVESTOR.
A-1
<PAGE>
[_______________________] TRUST 199[_]-[_]
RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATE
No. ______
THIS CERTIFIES THAT _______________________________ (the "Owner") is
-----
the registered owner of a ____% residual interest in [_______________________]
Trust 199[_]-[_] (the "Trust") existing under the laws of the State of Delaware
-----
and created pursuant to the Owner Trust Agreement dated as of
[_______________________] (the "Owner Trust Agreement") between Ace Securities
---------------------
Corp., as Depositor, [_______________________], as the Company,
[_______________________], not in its individual capacity but solely in its
fiduciary capacity as owner trustee under the Owner Trust Agreement (the "Owner
-----
Trustee") and [_______________________], as Paying Agent (the "Paying Agent").
- ------- ------------
Initially capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings
assigned to them in the Owner Trust Agreement. The Owner Trustee, on behalf of
the Issuer and not in its individual capacity, has executed this Residual
Interest Certificate by one of its duly authorized signatories as set forth
below. This Residual Interest Certificate is one of the Residual Interest
Certificates referred to in the Owner Trust Agreement and is issued under and is
subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the Owner Trust Agreement to
which the holder of this Residual Interest Certificate by virtue of the
acceptance hereof agrees and by which the holder hereof is bound. Reference is
hereby made to the Owner Trust Agreement and the Sale and Servicing Agreement
for the rights of the holder of this Residual Interest Certificate, as well as
for the terms and conditions of the Trust created by the Owner Trust Agreement.
The holder, by its acceptance hereof, agrees not to transfer this
Residual Interest Certificate except in accordance with terms and provisions of
the Owner Trust Agreement.
A-2
<PAGE>
THIS RESIDUAL INTEREST CERTIFICATE SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, WITHOUT REFERENCE TO ITS CONFLICT OF LAW
PROVISIONS, AND THE OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER
SHALL BE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Owner Trustee, on behalf of the Trust and not
in its individual capacity, has caused this Residual Interest Certificate to be
duly executed.
[_______________________] TRUST 199[_]-[_]
By: [_______________________], not in
its individual capacity but solely as
Owner Trustee under the Owner Trust
Agreement
By: ______________________________________
Authorized Signatory
DATED: [____________]
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICATION
This is one of the Certificates referred to in the within-mentioned
Owner Trust Agreement.
____________________________.
as Authenticating Agent
By: ______________________________________
Authorized Signatory
A-3
<PAGE>
ASSIGNMENT
FOR VALUE RECEIVED the undersigned hereby sells, assigns and transfers
unto
PLEASE INSERT SOCIAL SECURITY
OR OTHER IDENTIFYING NUMBER
OF ASSIGNEE
______________________________________________________________________________
(Please print or type name and address, including postal zip code, of assignee)
______________________________________________________________________________
the within Certificate, and all rights thereunder, hereby irrevocably
constituting and appointing
____________________________________________________________________ Attorney to
transfer said Certificate on the books of the Certificate Registrar, with full
power of substitution in the premises.
Dated: _______________
____________________________________*/
Signature Guaranteed:
____________________________________*/
___________________
*/ NOTICE: The signature to this assignment must correspond with the name as
- -
it appears upon the face of the within Certificate in every particular, without
alteration, enlargement or any change whatever. Such signature must be
guaranteed by a member firm of the New York Stock Exchange or a commercial bank
or trust company.
A-4
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT B
TO THE OWNER TRUST AGREEMENT
CERTIFICATE OF TRUST OF
[_______________________] TRUST 199[_]-[_]
-----------------
THIS Certificate of Trust of [_______________________] Trust 199[_]-
[_] (the "Trust"), dated [___________], is being duly executed and filed by
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[_______________________], a Delaware banking corporation, as trustee, and
[_______________________], as paying agent, to form a business trust under the
Delaware Business Trust Act (12 Del. Code, (S) 3801 et seq.).
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1. Name. The name of the business trust formed hereby [____________]
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Trust 199[_]-[_].
2. Delaware Trustee. The name and business address of the trustee of
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the Trust, in the State of Delaware is [__________________], [________________],
Attention: [________________].
* * *
B-1
<PAGE>
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the owner trustee and
paying agent of the Trust, have executed this Certificate of Trust as of the
date first above written.
[_______________________],
not in its individual capacity but
solely as owner trustee under an
Owner Trust Agreement dated as of
[________]
By: ________________________________
Name:
Title:
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